Pancreatic and Adrenal Hormon
Topics for today:
¥Action of parathyroid hormone ¥Review of pancreatic hormones ¥Actions of adrenal cortex hormones ¥Adrenal cortex disfunction ¥Actions of adrenal medulla hormone ¥Hormone control of organs
Parathyroid hormone
Parathormone - a peptide hormone
effects of parathormone:*
¥ increased plasma calcium level ¥ increased calcium mobilization from bon ¥ induced Ca absorption in GI tract ¥ increasedreabsorption Ca from kidney tubules
*effects opposite calcitonin
1 Pancreatic hormone effects
Insulin - peptide hormoneGlucagon - peptide hormon - associated‘fed’ with state - associated‘fasted’ with st effects of insulin: effects glucagonof :
¥lowers blood glucose ¥increases blood glucose ¥promotes glucose uptake¥stimulates by glycogen brea muscle & adipose tissue¥stimulatesgluconeogenesis ¥stimulatesglycolysis and glycogen synthesis ¥stimulates storage of fat ¥stimulates protein synthesis
GLUT-4 recruitment
GLUT-4 cycles between plasma membrane and intracellular vesicles containing the receptor. Increased insulin causes rapid cycling to plasma membrane, resulting in 10- to 30-fold increase in glucose uptake.
Insulin levels during absorptive and postabsorptive states
AbPost-Ab Ab Post-Ab
relative hormone levels plasma glucose level insulin
time, hr
2 Insulin changes in exerc Insulin level decreases during exercise Plasma insulin 0
-25
-50
Percent change -75
-100 25 50 75 100
Percent VO2 max
Exercise increases insulin sensitivity such that fewer insulin receptors are needed.
Glucagon levels during absorptive and postabsorptive states
AbPost-Ab Ab Post-Ab
relative hormone levels plasma glucose level insulin
time, hr
Hormones of adrenal cortex
zona glomerulosa zona fasiculata zona reticularis
CH 2OH HO C=O O C Mineralocorticoids - aldosterone
¥ increased reabsorptionrenal of sodium O aldosterone ¥ increased renal secretion of potassium ¥ increased plasma volume & blood pressure ¥ secretion triggered by potassiumangiotensin II&
3 Hormones of adrenal cortex
zona glomerulosa CH 2OH zona fasiculata C=O zona reticularis HO OH
O cortisol
Glucocorticoids - cortisol¥ increasedgluconeogenesis Ð use ¥ increased plasma glucose levelamino acids—> glucose ¥ increased lipid mobilization¥ degradation of liver glycog ¥ anti-inflammatory release of glucose ¥ immunosuppresive ¥ output increases during sle periods fastingof
Hormones of adrenal cortex
zona glomerulosa
zona fasiculata O zona reticularis
HO dehydroepiandroster AndrogensÐ dehydroepiandrosterone ¥ increased protein synthesis DHEA is weak androgen with ¥ masculinizing effects in almost no effect in male bu femalehypersecretion ( ) masculinizing effects in femal
Adrenocortical disfunctions
Cushing’s syndrome Ð excessive productioncortisol of resulting in loss of muscle protein
Addison’s disease Ð insufficent productioncortisol of and aldosteronecausing cardiac disturbance due+ to e
Adrenogenital syndrome Ð excessive production of a resultingvirilization in in female
4 Adrenal medulla (interior)
¥ Composed of modified post-syna sympathetic neurons ¥ Releases mostlyepinephrine . ¥ Has effects similar to those t by sympathetic nervous system
Adrenal medulla hormones
HO
HO -CH-CH2 - N-CH3 epinephrine OH H
Effects of epinephrine: ¥ causes elevated blood glucose level ¥ stimulatesglycolysis & fatty acid use ¥ increases cardiac output & blood pre ¥ shifts blood flow to skeletal muscle ¥ increases rate and depth of respirat
Organ responses to Epinephrine
Causes glycogen Causes fatty acid rele degradation in muscle from adipose tissue
fatty glycogen acids trigly- cerides
lactate glycerol
muscle lactate adipose tissue
Causes release ofglycogeno lysis glucose from liver glucose ...elevated plasma leve liver
5 Hormone action time
Epinephrine is in group offast-acting hormones
Fast-acting Hormones Slow-acting Hormones
¥ Norepinephrine ¥ Throxine ¥ Epinephrine ¥ Cortisol ¥ Insulin ¥ Growth hormone ¥ glucagon ¥ Estrogens ¥ Androgens
Topic for Wednesday:
Gonadal Hormones
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