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History of Wildlife The Era of Abundance (1500-1849) The Era of Overexploitation (1850-1899) The Era of Protection (1900-1929) The Era of Game Management (1930- 1965) The Era of Environmental Management (1966-Present)
Era of Abundance Era of Overexploitation Limitless supply Wildlife populations plummeted due to ecessive human activity (hunting, etc.) Government set aside forest reserves to help
prevent erosion White tailed deer became scarce in Eastern US from Kosmos , by Alexander von Humboldt habitat loss and overhunting. showed humans how closely connected they were to the natural world Heron and Egret populations were decimated by hunters shooting them in their breeding colonies for their plumes for ladies hats
Era of Protection Era of Game Management 1900 Passage of the Lacey Act North American Game Policy was issued in 1930
Theodore Roosevelt elected as president in 1901 The committee was chaired by Aldo Ceopo
1913-1916 laws passed that made hunting migratory Pittman – Robertson Act of 1937 birds illegal Dingall-Johnson Act of 1950
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What are four major approaches which have shaped wildlife management in the U. S.? Era of Environmental Management 1966- the First Federal Endangered Species Act was • Historical Wildlife Management Approaches: The passed historical patterns of natural resource use may be viewed in regards to the way these resources were managed by private, state and federal agencies. The four principal 1969- the National Environment Quality act was approaches to resource management are exploitation, passed preservation, utilitarian, and ecological.
1970- the Environmental Protection Agency was established
The Exploitation Approach: The Preservation Approach:
Viewed a natural resource as something that should be • Looked at natural resources and especially used as intensively as possible to provide the greatest land as special and in need of protection. benefit to the user. There was little regard to the harmful impacts of soil erosion, water pollution, The movement was toward withdrawing wildlife depletion, or air pollution. This thinking was selected areas from exploitation and prevalent during the 19th century and the early part of establishing parks or preserves to maintain the twentieth century and in some facets is still healthy, unimpacted environments. This present today. approach was influential from the 1890s through the 1920s-30s.
The Utilitarian Approach: The Ecological Approach: Emphasized the idea of a sustained yield. Land and • Views the environment and its resources as an resources were managed at a level below their capacity interdependent unit. Protection is for more so that natural resources were not exhausted. Policies than just harvestable species. Management included restocking fish, reseeding forests, and and utilization of natural resources is harvesting animals or vegetation at sustainable rates. approached in a multiple-use perspective. The integrity of the physical and biological systems The utilitarian approach was influential from the 1930s are intended to be kept intact while meeting through the 1960s. the needs for goods, services, and the necessities of life. This approach is reflects developments in ecology and conservation research of the 1970’s and 1980’s.
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How did wasteful exploitation affect wildlife? Threatened Species: http://www.wbu.com/chipperwoods/photos/passpige Population species likely to become endangered. on.htm
Many species became either endangered or extinct.
Endangered Species: Extinction: The population of a species is very low and nearing The disappearance of a species extinction. The rate of reproduction is not adequate to assure survival. from the earth.
What are examples of Endangered What are the primary reasons for Species? specie endangerment? Research endangered species • Assign groups of two. Have students research each reason Photo contributing to endangerment. Should present findings to Scientific Name class. 5 – 7 minute presentation. Habitat Range Cause of endangerment
http://www.georgiawildlife.com/conservation/species-of-concern
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What are the primary reasons for specie endangerment?
Market Hunting
Pet Trade
Medicinal / Cultural
Introduction of Exotic Species
Pesticides
Genetic Inbreeding
Predator and Pest Control
Habitat Destruction
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