8/19/2013

History of  The Era of Abundance (1500-1849)  The Era of (1850-1899)  The Era of Protection (1900-1929)  The Era of Management (1930- 1965)  The Era of Environmental Management (1966-Present)

Era of Abundance Era of Overexploitation  Limitless supply  Wildlife populations plummeted due to ecessive activity (, etc.)  Government set aside reserves to help

prevent erosion  White tailed deer became scarce in Eastern US from  Kosmos , by Alexander von Humboldt loss and overhunting. showed how closely connected they were to the natural world  Heron and Egret populations were decimated by hunters shooting them in their breeding colonies for their plumes for ladies hats

Era of Protection Era of Game Management  1900 Passage of the Lacey Act  North American Game Policy was issued in 1930

 Theodore Roosevelt elected as president in 1901  The committee was chaired by Aldo Ceopo

 1913-1916 laws passed that made hunting migratory  Pittman – Robertson Act of 1937 birds illegal  Dingall-Johnson Act of 1950

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What are four major approaches which have shaped wildlife management in the U. S.? Era of Environmental Management  1966- the First Federal Endangered Species Act was • Historical Wildlife Management Approaches: The passed historical patterns of natural use may be viewed in regards to the way these were managed by private, state and federal agencies. The four principal  1969- the National Environment Quality act was approaches to resource management are exploitation, passed preservation, utilitarian, and ecological.

 1970- the Environmental Protection Agency was established

The Exploitation Approach: The Preservation Approach:

 Viewed a as something that should be • Looked at natural resources and especially used as intensively as possible to provide the greatest as special and in need of protection. benefit to the user. There was little regard to the harmful impacts of erosion, pollution, The movement was toward withdrawing wildlife depletion, or . This thinking was selected areas from exploitation and prevalent during the 19th century and the early part of establishing parks or preserves to maintain the twentieth century and in some facets is still healthy, unimpacted environments. This present today. approach was influential from the 1890s through the 1920s-30s.

The Utilitarian Approach: The Ecological Approach:  Emphasized the idea of a sustained yield. Land and • Views the environment and its resources as an resources were managed at a level below their capacity interdependent unit. Protection is for more so that natural resources were not exhausted. Policies than just harvestable species. Management included restocking , reseeding , and and utilization of natural resources is harvesting animals or vegetation at sustainable rates. approached in a multiple-use perspective. The integrity of the physical and biological systems The utilitarian approach was influential from the 1930s are intended to be kept intact while meeting through the 1960s. the needs for goods, services, and the necessities of . This approach is reflects developments in and conservation research of the 1970’s and 1980’s.

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How did wasteful exploitation affect wildlife? Threatened Species:  http://www.wbu.com/chipperwoods/photos/passpige  Population species likely to become endangered. on.htm

 Many species became either endangered or extinct.

Endangered Species: Extinction:  The population of a species is very low and nearing  The disappearance of a species extinction. The rate of reproduction is not adequate to assure survival. from the earth.

What are examples of Endangered What are the primary reasons for Species? specie endangerment?  Research endangered species • Assign groups of two. Have students research each reason  Photo contributing to endangerment. Should present findings to  Scientific Name class. 5 – 7 minute presentation.  Habitat Range  Cause of endangerment

 http://www.georgiawildlife.com/conservation/species-of-concern

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What are the primary reasons for specie endangerment?

 Market Hunting

 Pet Trade

 Medicinal / Cultural

 Introduction of Exotic Species

 Pesticides

 Genetic Inbreeding

 Predator and Pest Control

 Habitat Destruction

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