© McDougal Littell Inc. All rights reserved. America aswell.Theproduction ofgoods,for 1800. Bythen,otherchanges hadtakenplacein America’s governmenthadtransformedgreatly by andSouth? North How Systems Develop America; Two Economic Another RevolutionAffects Name AS YOU READ AS YOU READ BEFORE YOU Create Differences Regional Economies CHAPTER 7 H OT H ETTHESOUTH THEWEST manufacturing THE NORTH the country. economies thatdevelopedinvarioussectionsof aboutthedifferentIn thissection,youwilllearn administration andtheWar of1812. aboutPresident Madison’sIn thelastsection,youlearned that developedintheNorth,West, andtheSouth. Use thecharttotakenotesondifferent economies ______did agriculture differ inthe differ did agriculture Section 1 (pages 212–216) ( pages 212–218) C HAPTER goods inlargeamounts. production driven machineryandmany laborersmade used inplaceofoneanother. Infactories,power- parts. new waytomakegoodsbyusing due to tories thatusedmachines.Thischangewaspartly example, movedfromsmallworkshopstolargefac- 7B ALANCING These are Eli Whitney. possible. Thisistheproduction of Date N designed tohelpAmericanindustries T Great LakeswiththeAtlanticOcean Erie Canal Maryland, toVandalia, Illinois road, stretchingfromCumberland, National Road economic development American System from Kentucky Representatives andpoliticalleader Henry Clay cleaning cotton cotton gin used machines workshops tolargefactoriesthat the makingofgoodsfromsmall Industrial Revolution goods inlargeamounts mass production another parts thatcanbeusedinplaceofone interchangeable parts cotton gin interchangeable partsandthe Eli Whitney TERMS ANDNAMES ariff of1816 A INLS AND TIONALISM standardized ______In 1798,Whitneyfounda Eli Whitney’s inventionfor Canal thatconnectedthe Speaker oftheHouse Inventor of A protectivetariff A federallyfunded The makingof interchangeable Clay’s planfor parts thatcanbe S ECTIONALISM A changein Standardized mass 75 bled from700,000to1,200,000bythemid-1800s. result, thenumberofslavesinSouthnearlydou- 76 The NorthandSouthappearedtobegrowingapart. W System Clay Proposes theAmerican 1. an of largecottonplantations. cotton production,whichledtotheestablishment machine helpedtocleanthecottonandincreased mote agriculturebyinventingthe ture. In1793,EliWhitneyhelpedtofurtherpro- South’s economy hadlongbeenbasedonagricul- North didnotdependonslavelabor. growth ofeachother. Duetomanufacturing,the which manufacturingandagriculturesupportthe market economydeveloped.Thisisanin goods madeinNorthernfactories.Asaresult, crops forsale.Farmersthenusedthecashtobuy ing by1800.Farmersbegantoraiselivestockand manufacture goods. in NewEngland.Asaresult,peoplewerewillingto ly intheNewEnglandstates.Farmingwasdifficult the factorysystem. and society—thatresultedfromthegrowthof given tothemassivechanges—tobotheconomy African-American Population in hat Larger plantationscalledformoreworkers.Asa These changesinmanufacturingbroughtabout The Southwasanentirelydifferentstory. The What farmingtherewasintheNorthchang- Industrialization inAmericatookplaceprimari- Industrial Revolution. South differ? How didtheagriculturalsystemsinNorthand C the United States: 1790–1860 HAPTER African-American Population (in millions) 0 1790 1 2 3 4 5 w ■ T as the American System? as the American otal 1800 (pages 216–218) 7S ■ 1810

Slave ECTION 1820 ■ Free 1830 1 1840 This wasthename 1850 1860 cotton gin.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Negro Population: 1790–1915. 2. 1. Use thegraphtoanswerquestions. Skillbuilder The Why doyouthinkthenumber ofslavesincreasedrapidlyafter1790? Americans andfreeAfricanthegreatest? In whatyearwasthedifferencebetweenenslavedAfrican 2. set uptheSecondBankofUnitedStates. vide anationalcurrency. In1816,Congressvotedto ing thenationalbank.Abankwouldpro- approved thetariff. expensive. Aftermuchdebate,thethreeregions attempts tomakeinexpensiveforeigngoodsmore opposed it.Theyresentedthegovernment’s the tariff.ButpeopleinSouthandWest American goodsmoreattractive. cost offoreign-madegoodsandthusmake built the transportation systems.NewYork, forexample, meantime, statescontinuedtoimprovetheirown Cumberland, MarylandtoVandalia, Illinois.Inthe carry settlerswest.Theroadextendedfrom government beganbuildingthe the nation’s transportationnetwork.In1811,the plan the Speaker oftheHouse from manymembersofCongress,including transportation the Great LakeswiththeAtlanticOcean. tion, theplan called forstrengtheningthenationalbank.Inaddi- It calledforestablishingprotectivetariffs.also Madison presentedaunificationplantoCongress. sure thecountrystayedunified.In1815,President As aresult,thenation’s leadersfocusedonmaking People fromallregionssupportedstrengthen- Most peopleintheindustrialNorthsupported The federalgovernmentalsobeganimproving As partoftheplan,PresidentMadisonproposed T nation’s senseof unity? How didtheAmericanSystemhelpstrengthen ariff of1816. American System. Erie Canal. promoted systems. Theplanreceivedsupport The tariffwouldincreasethe Henry Clay. the developmentofnational The canalconnectedthe National Road He calledthe to

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