The BUZZ About Stinging Presented by: Viviane Nunez The Spark The StingThe ofNest theby Wild by JustinKenneth O. Schmidt Oppel The Venom What is Venom for?

● Venom is made for pain

● Helps defend nest and colonies

● Venom isn’t always used Warning Threats Sound ● Ants create a broad frequency squeak ● Ways to send a less risky message ● Hornets use mandible snapping ● Helps to give threats a warning ● Warning threats can consist of sound Smell and smell ● Harvester ants release ● Many insects have a unique scent compounds similar to Nail Polish ● Bullet Ant warnings resemble burnt garlic ● Hawk produce a very distinctive scent

Composition

Insect Venom is composed of:

● Water-soluble Proteins ● Peptides ● Amino Acids ● Fatty Acids ● Sugars ● Other Miscellaneous Compounds The ● The Original Syringe ● Evolved from Ovipositor (A way to deposit eggs) to a Stinger ● Males can NOT have ● Adapted so venom delivery was almost instant The Pain Scale Schimdt’s Sting Pain Index

Paraponera clavata Brave Wilderness Interview

● Harvester Ant was inspiration ● Was different then past experiences ● Sting is unique

The Bullet Ant, seconds away from stinging Coyote Peterson Ranking the Pain

● Not a scientific way to measure pain ● Stings are meant for pain ● Social Stings > Solitary Stings ● Every sting is unique

“In biological terms, pain is simply the body’s warning system that damage has occurred, is occurring, or is about to occur.” - Justin O. Schmidt The Stings Stings of Iowa

Honey (2.0) Paper (1.5)

Bumble Bee (2.0) Sweat Bee (1.0) Stings of Iowa II

Mud Dauber (1.0) Cicada Killer (1.5)

Yellow Jacket (2.0) The Kings 51432

Most Painful Stings on the Scale

WarriorTarantulaBulletHarvesterVelvet Ant Ant Hawk(4.0+)Ants (3.0) (4.0) (3.0) (4.0) Other Information What to do if you get stung Bee Treatment ● Remove stinger ASAP ● Identify what you were stung by ● Wash the area around sting with soap ● Get to a safe place ● Apply Ice or an Ice Pack ● Check for any symptoms of an Wasp Treatment Allergic Reaction ● Wash the area around sting with soap ○ Difficulty Breathing ● Apply Ice or an Ice Pack ○ Extreme Swelling Notes: ○ Nausea ● Cortisone Cream can help reduce itching ● Stay away from nests to prevent stings ● Get medical help for allergic reactions Bibliography ● Information: ● https://www.compoundchem.com/2014/08/28/insectvenoms/ ● https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/297999#home-remedies ● https://www.preferredpest.com/blog/your-guide-to-common-iowa-insect-bites-and- stings#:~:text=Insects%20That%20Sting%20%7C%20Wasps&text=In%20Iowa%2C%20the%20four%20most,you%20might%20have%20a%20 problem. ● The Sting of The Wild by Justin O. Schmidt ● https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=unk6n3_QdlM ● https://www.terminix.com/blog/science-nature/why-do-wasp-stings-hurt/ ● https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tXjHb5QmDV0 ●

Photos: ● https://cals.arizona.edu/yavapai/graphics/5402847.jpg ● https://cdn-prod.servicemaster.com/-/media/Feature/Terminix/TerminixInfo//bee-colony- main.jpg?la=en&rev=b83c91e36ce541aa904c2c6dddd54eb2&hash=3505177AB82F841AFD5E590EA497FC15 ● https://www.pilotonline.com/resizer/JZak5AWHowr6clX_EOe-oN7u6-Y=/415x310/top/arc-anglerfish-arc2-prod- tronc.s3.amazonaws.com/public/L7JII5H7KRCNNCWW6KENIZ2VJY.jpg ● https://cdn.hswstatic.com/gif/tarantula-hawk.jpg ● https://live.staticflickr.com/8199/28738545234_4b3d34e4fe_b.jpg ● https://img.theculturetrip.com/768x432/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/webp-net-resizeimage-21.jpg