Page 1

Supplemental Documentation In support of the Application for Recognition as an Interest Area of General By the Academy of Operative Dentistry

Background

General Dentistry is defined by the American Dental Association (ADA) as, “the evaluation, diagnosis, prevention and/or treatment (nonsurgical, surgical or related procedures) of diseases, disorders and/or conditions of the oral cavity, maxillofacial area and/or the adjacent and associated structures and their impact on the human body; provided by a , within the scope of his/her education, training and experience, in accordance with the ethics of the profession and applicable law. (As adopted by the 1997 ADA House of Delegates).” An interest area in general dentistry is, “a well-defined body of evidence-based scientific and clinical knowledge underlying general dentistry, but is a more focused, complex and distinct field identified by advanced knowledge, techniques and procedures.” Furthermore, “Today’s rapidly emerging technologies and science are providing more sophisticated and complex solutions to problems encountered in general dentistry. The advances are changing and enhancing the dental practice environment. Recognizing this, the 2010 ADA House of Delegates adopted Criteria for Recognition of Interest Areas in General Dentistry.”

The Academy of Operative Dentistry (AOD) defines Operative Dentistry as the field of general dentistry that deals with the management of teeth, by direct or indirect means that are defective through disease, trauma, wear, and/or abnormal development, or are unesthetic, to a state of normal form, function, health, and appearance. The practice of dentistry in this area requires a wide range of knowledge, from diagnosis, disease processes and prevention, and minimally invasive clinical approaches; to biomaterials and other dental science disciplines as they apply to this distinct and unique interest area limited to the hard calcified tissues of the oral cavity. Believing that Operative Dentistry meets the criteria that the ADA has established for recognition of interest areas of general dentistry, The AOD has submitted an application for ADA recognition as such an interest area.

In considering the Academy of Operative Dentistry’s application for recognition as an Interest Area of General Dentistry, the Council on Dental Education and Licensure (CDEL) felt that the application met Criteria 3, 4, and parts of 5; but failed to meet Criteria 1, 3, and parts of 5.

Concerning Criterion 1, it was determined that the application did not document that Operative Dentistry was“in large part distinct from, or more detailed than, that of other areas of general dentistry education and practice.” The Council also determined that “documentation presented did not sufficiently describe how scientific dental knowledge in the area is substantive and distinct from other general dentistry areas, such as predoctoral dental education.

Concerning Criterion 2, it was determined that “the body of knowledge described in the application is not a distinct education area in general dentistry, but rather a series of one or more techniques that are also included in pre-doctoral dental education, advanced general dentistry education and general practice residency educational programs.” Furthermore, “The Council also Page 2

determined that the referenced journals/texts do not identify specific advanced techniques and procedures unique to the proposed general dentistry interest area.”

Concerning Criterion 5, it was determined that, “bullets 3-5 under the elements to be addressed have been met.” However, “the body of knowledge described in the application is not a distinct education area in general dentistry, but rather a series of one or more techniques that are currently included in predoctoral dental education, advanced general dentistry education and/or general practice residency educational programs.”

Discussion

General Response.

The advanced expertise in Operative Dentistry that can be achieved when pursuing an Operative Graduate Program is currently taught in 9 programs with 2 or 3 year curricula. Since the original application for recognition as an interest area of general dentistry, two additional graduate residency programs in Operative Dentistry have enrolled their first residents: one at Tufts University and the other at the University of Southern California. Operative Dentistry programs emphasize the philosophy of minimally invasive dentistry and provide higher development of scientific knowledge, critical thinking and advanced clinical skills to perform long lasting high quality conservative and esthetic procedures, providing the patient with affordable tooth- preserving treatment. In many instances this type of treatment can’t be provided by any other specialists or by general practitioners, who do not have the advanced training, expertise and specific clinical skills required. This formal residency training provides the operative dentist with the following skills that distinguish them from the general dentist:

 Extensive scientific and clinical knowledge in bonding, esthetic concepts and biomaterials that provide the clinician the ability to deliver highly challenging restorative and esthetic treatments in a conservative way that is more affordable and beneficial in preserving tooth structure. Often when a higher level of expertise is needed, general and specialists refer patients to operative dentists for treatment that is not taught during dental school or other residency programs. Also, operative dentists teach and lead the profession as faculty at almost all ADA accredited dental schools and through continuing education courses based on these topics.

 Graduates from programs in Operative Dentistry not only have the training to teach the bonding of direct and indirect restorations to the pre-doctoral level but many also conduct research in the area of adhesive dentistry which advances the scientific knowledge and improves material properties. Graduating Operative Dentistry residents extend their knowledge of adhesives to other dental schools and advanced programs around the USA and the world.

 Graduates in Operative Dentistry have a pivotal role in the development and clinical application of minimal invasive dentistry including caries risk assessment, non-surgical management of caries through remineralization, infiltrative and caries inhibitory techniques, Page 3

and tooth preserving caries removal. Operative dentists are the leaders in translating the current research in Cariology into clinical applications and education.

 Numerous Operative Dentistry graduates are recognized as pioneers and leaders in the dental profession within the USA as well as around the world. Operative Dentistry leaders have developed scientific evidence in the areas of bonding, composite resins, bleaching procedures, glass ionomers, minimal invasive dentistry, modern management of caries, etc. Operative dentists are involved in the development of new materials and serve as key opinion leaders for industry and dental education.

 During dental school training pre-doctoral dental students learn basic skills in Operative Dentistry as well as basic skills in all the areas of dentistry such as: Periodontics, , Oral Surgery, , , etc. Recognized specialty programs are necessary to gain advanced scientific knowledge and training in advanced clinical procedures since dental school curriculum does not include the development of these advanced skills. This is also true for Operative Dentistry. Residency educated operative dentists collaborate with specialists to provide subgingival restorations, periodontal splinting, non-vital bleaching, complex restoration of endodontically treated teeth, guidance on implant placement, implant supported restorations, a variety of pediatric restorative procedures, core buildups, resin bonding materials and techniques, repair, creating space by re- contouring teeth, closing space with direct resin restorations, and detection of early carious lesions and risk based remineralization treatment.

 Dental school faculties are encouraged to have specialty training. The following statement is an example of the expectations that one institution, the University of Iowa, has for their Operative Dentistry faculty: “All full time faculty in the Department of Operative Dentistry at Iowa have advance training in Operative Dentistry. We firmly believe that each field of dentistry is best taught by those with advanced training in that particular domain. These faculty are recognized for their teaching, research and clinical expertise. This is evident in the large number of articles published in leading peer-reviewed journals, the research presentations at national meetings, and in the many continuing education courses given both nationally and internationally by the faculty. Many of the faculty have served or are serving in leadership roles in dentistry, both locally and nationally. All of the faculty in the department are active in private patient care and many are involved with basic, translational and clinical research.”

 The philosophy of Caries Management By Risk Assessment (CAMBRA) is an evidence- based approach to preventing or treating dental caries at the earliest stages that has been developed and put forward by operative dentists. Caries protective factors are biologic or therapeutic measures that can be used to prevent or arrest the pathologic challenges posed by the caries risk factors. CAMBRA has become a very important tool for the restorative team to provide proper comprehensive management of dental caries.

Page 4

Data concerning the post-doctoral residency programs in Operative Dentistry is summarized below and included in the ADEA Table that is enclosed:

1. There are currently 9 Operative Dentistry programs graduating fully trained operative dentists in the United States:

Boston University Indiana University Nova University Tufts University The University of California The University of Iowa at Los Angeles The University of Michigan The University of North Carolina The University of Southern California

2. The programs are either 2 or 3 years in length, and award either a degree (MS or MSD) or certificate.

3. These graduate programs are staffed by 30 full time faculty and 20 part time faculty.

4. 25 faculty have an advanced degree or certificate in Operative Dentistry

5. 8 Post-doctoral program faculty are Board Certified in Operative Dentistry

6. There are 122 residents enrolled in these programs in 2015.

7. In the last 5 years, these programs have awarded masters degrees or certificates to 88 graduates.

8. Faculty of these programs are members of:

The American Dental Association The Conference of Operative Dentistry Educators (CODE) The Academy of Operative Dentistry The American Academy of The American Dental Education Association (ADEA) The ADEA Sections on Cariology, Operative Dentistry, and Biomaterials The American and International Associations for Dental Research (AADR/IADR) The Dental Materials and Cariology Sections of the AADR/IADR The Academy of Dental Materials The Academy of CAD/CAM Dentistry The Society for Color and Appearance in Dentistry The American Academy of Gold Foil Operators The Academy of R. V. Tucker Study Club

Page 5

9. The Directors of Operative Dentistry post-doctoral programs meet as a group at the Conference of Operative Dentistry Educators, the Academy of Operative Dentistry, the American Dental Education Association, and/or American Association of Dental Research annual meetings.

Specific Response.

In specific response to the concerns regarding Criterion 1, two issues need to be addressed:

1. The ways in which Operative Dentistry is distinct from other areas of general dentistry and the degree to which it is distinct from other general dentistry areas, such as “pre- doctoral dental education.”

2. The substantial extent and distinctive nature of scientific knowledge concerning Operative Dentistry.

In response to the concerns regarding Criterion 2, three issues need to be addressed;

1. The distinct nature of the Operative Dentistry education area in general dentistry.

2. The conclusion that Operative Dentistry is, “a series of one or more techniques that are also included in pre-doctoral dental education, advanced general dentistry education and general practice residency educational programs.”

3. The determination by the Council that, “the referenced journals/texts do not identify specific advanced techniques and procedures unique to the proposed general dentistry interest area.”

In response to the concerns regarding Criterion 5, two areas need to be addressed:

1. The distinct nature of the body of knowledge in Operative Dentistry as it relates to s distinct education area in general dentistry.

2. The position of the council that education in Operative Dentistry is a series of one or more techniques that are currently included in predoctoral dental education, advanced general dentistry education, and/or general practice residency educational programs.

In looking at these seven concerns, it seems that answering the following four questions will address them all:

1. What makes Operative Dentistry, and the body of knowledge and education associated with it, distinct from other areas of general dentistry?

2. Is there a significant breadth to the body of knowledge concerning Operative Dentistry?

3. Are there specific techniques and procedures unique to Operative Dentistry? Page 6

4. Are the techniques of Operative Dentistry part of the pre-doctoral or PGY 1 and/or 2 general dentistry programs curricula in dental schools?

By addressing these four questions, it is hoped that the Council will come to understand why Operative Dentistry, should be recognized as an area of interest in General Dentistry.

What makes Operative Dentistry, and the body of knowledge and education associated with it, distinct from other areas of general dentistry?

The scope and body of knowledge of the interest area.

One key aspect of Operative Dentistry that sets it apart for other areas of general dentistry is that the scope of Operative Dentistry is limited to the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the hard tissues of the oral cavity, specifically the enamel and dentin tissues of the teeth. This includes the scientific study of dental caries as an infectious disease, and the development of techniques and materials to treat and prevent dental caries. Specialty areas of dentistry, such as Periodontics and Endodontics, have focused on specific tissues of the oral cavity such as the soft tissues of the periodontium and the pulp. Others specialty areas, such as Oral Surgery, are devoted to surgical techniques and processes like the removal of teeth, and orthognathic and maxillofacial surgical procedures. General dentists are exposed to basics of these disciplines in their pre-doctoral education, but are not trained to be qualified to perform the advanced procedures specialists perform. Similarly, general dentists are not trained in pre-doctoral or PGY 1 or 2 general dentistry programs. Operative Dentistry residency curricula address the treatment of complex restorative cases using advanced clinical procedures, techniques, and materials that the general dentist is not trained to use.

The Department of Labor, the Department of Defense, the Veterans Administration, and Department of Health and Human Services all have occupational codes for operative dentists that are completely unrelated to those of general dentists.

The body of knowledge included in the curricula of the 9 programs contain the following Areas of Content, all of which are taught at an advanced level, beyond that taught at the pre- doctoral level, and most of which are not taught in GPRs or AEGDs at the same level as in Operative Dentistry residencies:

Cariology Biomaterials Dental Anatomy Minimal Invasive Dentistry Direct Restorations Indirect Restorations Direct Esthetics Indirect Esthetics CAD/CAM Dentistry Restorative Dental Materials Dental Remineralization Therapy Comprehensive Case Management Restoration of Implants Endodontic Considerations of Periodontic Considerations of Operative Dentistry Operative Dentistry Literature Review Case Presentation Page 7

Research Design Conducting Research Biostatistics Occlusion

Education in the area.

Pre-doctoral.

All dental schools have as part of their academic organization a distinct faculty department, division, section, or cadre devoted to Operative or Restorative Dentistry. This faculty is responsible for teaching pre-doctoral courses in Dental Anatomy, Technique and Materials Labs, Operative Dentistry, Basic Cariology, and, at some institutions, Dental Materials, Preventive Dentistry and Basic Occlusion. At most schools, this faculty is led by trained operative dentists.

Post-doctoral.

GPR and AEGD programs. The ADA Commission on Dental Accreditation (CODA) Standards for GPRs and AEGDs include Operative Dentistry as a separate and distinct discipline along with Prosthodontics, Periodontics, Endodontics, and Oral Surgery, in which advanced education is required. Based on observations of an Advanced Consultant to the CODA who has carried out over 30 AEGD and GPR Site Visits, however, Operative Dentistry is receives less emphasis in these post-doctoral programs than the ADA recognized specialty areas. The extent of advanced training in Operative Dentistry in these programs is usually limited to complex case treatment planning and execution, and, rarely, CAD/CAM restorative dentistry.

Operative Dentistry Residency programs. At 9 dental schools, there is a section of the Operative Dentistry faculty devoted to teaching a post-doctoral residency curriculum in Operative Dentistry including the advanced disciplines listed above. 6 of these programs award either a Master’s Degree or a Certificate, 2 award only a Master’s degree, and 1 offers only a certificate. See the enclosed AEGD Table for more detailed information.

Continuing Dental Education. Emphasizing scientific research and evidence, Operative Dentistry has an expanded knowledge of statistical analysis/methods/materials that the general dental population does not. Operative dentists are called upon to teach general practitioners the relevance of current and historical literature, and new developments in the discipline. Gold Foil Study Clubs are thriving today as venues for operative dentists to expand their clinical repertoire and improve their manual skills. The Academy of R.V. Tucker Study Clubs and the Academy of Gold Foil Operators provide education at the post- doctoral level that is not available in any other academic environment.

As a further consideration, the Federal Government recognizes operative dentists and their education as a distinct category of dentists compared to general dentists. The Department of Defense funds dentists to attend residency training in Operative Dentistry and makes a Page 8

distinction between them and comprehensive or general dentists. The U.S. Navy, for example, offers its own in-service GPR and AEGD programs, but also sends residents to civilian Operative Dentistry residency programs every year. The Navy funds graduates of Operative Dentistry residencies to challenge the Operative Dentistry Board certification process, and pay annual board certification bonuses to federal dentists who achieve Board Certified in Operative Dentistry.

Is there a significant breadth to the body of knowledge concerning Operative Dentistry?

Operative Dentistry has an extensive base of knowledge in the academic areas listed above. Operative dentists are trained to conduct, publish, and evaluate research in the interest area that general dentists are not trained to do. Operative dentists teach general dentists at the Pre- doctoral, Post-doctoral, and Continuing Dental Education levels, emphasizing the evidence pbased approach based on the current and historical literature.

A cursory search of the textbooks that address various aspects of the Operative Dentistry interest area reveals at least 11 currently in print and available textbooks aimed at the per-doctoral level, and more than 4 times that many address aspects of the area at the post-doctoral level, most written by operative dentists. Examples are listed below, and, at least as many more, at both levels, have been omitted out of space considerations. While there is overlap among textbooks addressing the same topics, it is clear that there is a large amount of information and knowledge that pertains to this interest area, and that while the knowledge base for the pre-doctoral level is somewhat limited, the amount of knowledge available at the post-doctoral, level both in textbooks and scientific articles, is quite significant, running to hundreds of textbooks, more than 20 journals, and thousands of scientific papers.

Textbooks on Operative Dentistry for the pre-doctoral dental student:

Textbook of Preclinical by Garg, Amit & Garg, Nisha Sturdevant's Art and Science of Operative Dentistry 6th Edition by Theodore M. Roberson, DDS (Editor), Harold O. Heymann, DDS (Editor), Edward J. Swift, Jr. (Editor), John W. Stamm Fundamentals of Operative Dentistry: A Contemporary Approach (3rd Edition) by R Schwartz, J B Summitt & J W Robbins Restorative Dentistry 2nd Edition by A. D. Walmsley, Trevor Walsh, F.T.J. Burke, P. Lumley and R. Hayes-Hall Fundamentals of Tooth Preparations by H T Shillingburg Restorative Dentistry by P H Jacobsen Craig's Restorative Dental Materials,13th Edition by John M. Powers and Ronald L. Sakaguchi Phillips' Science of Dental Materials, 12th Edition by By Kenneth J Anusavice, DMD, PhD Dental Materials and Their Selection, 4th Edition by William J. O'Brien Introduction to Dental Materials, (3nd Edition) by Richard Van Noort Materials in Dentistry Principles and Applications by Jack L Ferracane MS, PhD, FADM Esthetics with Resin Composite: Basics and Techniques by Burkard Hugo

Page 9

Textbooks for the post-doctoral resident in Operative Dentistry:

A Practical Clinical Guide to Resin Cements by Michelle Sunico-Segarra & Armin Segarra Adhesive Metal-free Restorations by Dietschi & Spreafico

Advanced Ceramics for Dentistry by James Shen Advanced Operative Dentistry by David Ricketts & David Bartlett

Advances in Calcium Phosphate Biomaterials by Besim Ben-Nissan Advances in Glass-Ionomer Cements by C L Davidson (Editor) & I Mjor (Editor) Advances in Operative Dentistry: Volume 1: Contemporary Clinical Practice by Jean- Francois Roulet (Editor), Nairn H. F. Wilson (Editor), Massimo Fuzzi (Editor) Advances in Operative Dentistry: Volume 2: Challenges of the Future by Jean-Francois Roulet (Editor), Nairn H. F. Wilson (Editor), Massimo Fuzzi (Editor) Applied Dental Materials by J F McCabe & A W G Wells

Biostatistics for the Biological and Health Sciences with Statdisk Plus MyStatLab by Bleaching Techniques in Restorative Dentistry by L Greenwall BDS MGDS MRD MSc

FGDP Bonded Porcelain Restorations in the Anterior Dentition: a Biomimetic Approach by Pascal Magne, Urs Belser Clinical Aspects of Dental Materials: Theory Practice and Cases, Fourth Edition by Marcia Gladwin and Michael Bagby Complete Dental Bleaching by Robert E. Goldstein & David A. Gar Decision Making in Operative Dentistry by Paul A. Brunton Dental Biomaterials by E Combe Dental Biotribology by Zhong-Rong Zhou, Hai-Yang Yu, Jing Zheng Dental Enamel by CIBA Foundation Symposium Dentine Hypersensitivity: Advances in Diagnosis, Management, and Treatment edited by David G. Gillam Designing Clinical Research by Stephen B. Hulley, Steven R. Cummings, Warren S. Browner, Deborah G. Grady, Thomas B. Newman

Dry Mouth: A Clinical Guide on Causes, Effects and Treatments by Guy Carpenter

Essentials of Writing Biomedical Research Papers by Mimi Zeiger Esthetic Color Training in Dentistry by Rade Paravina, John Powers Esthetic Dentistry and Ceramic Restorations by Bernard Touati DMD, Daniel Nathanson DMD, MSD, Paul Miara Esthetic Dentistry: A Clinical Approach to Techniques and Materials by Kenneth W. Aschheim, Barry G. Dale Esthetics in Dentistry, Volume 1: Principles, Communications, Treatment Methods, (2nd Edition) by Ronald Goldstein, DDS Esthetics in Dentistry, Volume 2: Esthetic Problems of Individual Teeth, Missing Teeth, Malocclusion, Special Populations, (2nd Edition) by Ronald E. Goldstein and Van Haywood Esthetics with Resin Composite: Basics and Techniques by Burkard Hugo Page 10

Failure in the Restored Dentition: Management and Treatment by M D Wise, A Laurie & J W McLean Functional Occlusion From TMJ to Smile Design by Peter E. Dawson Fundamentals of Color: Shade Matching and Communication in Esthetic Dentistry by Stephen Chu, Alessandro Devigus, and Adam J. Mieleszko Fundamentals of Esthetics by Claude R. Rufenacht Handbook of Biomaterial Properties by Jonathan Black, Garth Hastings Lasers in Restorative Dentistry: A Practical Guide by Giovanni Olivi, Matteo Olivi Materials Science for Dentistry, (9th Edition) By Dr. Brian W. Darvell Minimally Invasive Restorations with Bonding by M Degrange & J Roulet Operative Dentistry: A Practical Guide to Recent Innovations (Clinical Sciences in Dentistry) by Hugh Devlin Pharmacology of Fluorides By Ernst W. Alther Pickard's Manual of Operative Dentistry by E A M Kidd, B G N Smith & H M Pickard Plastics in Dentistry and Estrogenicity: A Guide to Safe Practice by Theodore Eliades & George Eliades Porcelain & Composite Inlays & Onlays: Esthetic Posterior Restorations by David A. Garber, Ronald E. Goldstein Principles and Practice of Esthetic Dentistry, 1st Edition, Nairn H. F. Wilson & Brian Millar Principles and Practice of Laser Dentistry by Robert A. Convissar DDS Principles of Esthetic Integration by Claude R. Rufenacht Restorative Dentistry, 2nd Edition by A. D. Walmsley, Trevor Walsh, F.T.J. Burke, P. Lumley and R. Hayes-Hall Shape and Color: The Key to Successful Ceramic Restorations by Gerald Ubassy Smile Design: A Guide for Clinician, Ceramist, and Patient by Gerard Chiche and Hitoshi Aoshima The Future of Dental Amalgam: A Review of the Literature by Barry Eley The Science and Art of Porcelain Laminate Veneers by Galip Gürel (ed), Stephen J. Chu, Korkud Demirel, Jean-Françüois Roulet, Claude R. Rufenact : Indications and Outcomes of Nightguard Vital Bleaching by Van B. Haywood

There are at least 21 refereed journals related to aspects of Operative Dentistry, publishing over 1500 scientific articles in2014. 4 of these journals are ranked in the top 20 dental journals in the world by SCImago Journal Rank. See the enclosed Table for more detailed information.

SCImago Rank Journal 3 Dental Materials 4 Journal of Dental Research 5 Caries Research 19 Journal of Oral Microbiology 26 Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research 36 Journal of Oral Rehabilitation Page 11

42 Operative Dentistry 51 Journal of Adhesive Dentistry 56 Journal of Conservative Dentistry 57 International Journal of Periodontics and Restorative Dentistry 69 International Journal of Computerized Dentistry 80 Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry 82 Dental Materials Journal 83 Journal of Clinical Dentistry 91 Journal of Evidence-Based Dental Practice 100 Fluoride - Quarterly Reports 130 Journal of Hard Tissue Biology 131 Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences 148 Evidence-Based Dentistry 167 International Journal of Clinical Dentistry http://www.scimagojr.com/journalrank.php?area=3500

Are there specific techniques and procedures unique to Operative Dentistry?

A list of clinical procedures, techniques, and other areas unique to Operative Dentistry includes:

Dental Disease and Pathology.

1. Dental Caries. The diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of dental caries as a disease is only cursorily addressed in pre-doctoral and PGY 1 or 2 dental education programs. The in-depth research and education in this area occurs only in Operative Dentistry residency programs and at research institutions with residency trained operative dentists and collaborating scientists on staff.

2. Dental Erosion and Abrasion. It has been the Operative Dentistry community that has conducted the bulk of the research into the etiology and treatment of dental erosion and abrasion. Most of the principle authors in the area are operative dentists.

3. Developmental Disorders of Dentin and Enamel. Operative dentists have the training and evidence based techniques to treat developmental disorders of the dentin and enamel. They have done most of the research in this area and have developed the materials needed for these restorations.

Techniques and Procedures.

1. Preventative Dentistry. This year JADA published an article on the myths associated with placing sealants in the adult population. Very few pre-doctoral, PGY 1 or 2, and continuing education courses address the growing opposition to fluoride. It has been the Operative Dentistry residency programs and faculties that have conducted the research, published the articles and textbooks, and provided the evidence to support the use of fluoride, sealants, and varnishes in preventive dentistry. All nine of the Operative Dentistry residencies include advanced courses related to preventive dentistry. Page 12

2. Caries Management by Risk Assessment (CAMBRA). Caries Risk Management criteria and protocols in wide use in dentistry today were developed by operative dentists using their knowledge of dental caries, microbiology, pharmacology, fluoride, dental varnishes, and dental sealants. Operative dentists continue to conduct research and evaluation of these techniques, pharmacologic agents, materials, and their effectiveness

3. Dental Remineralization. The development and clinical application of minimal invasive dentistry including caries risk assessment, non-surgical management of caries through remineralization, infiltrative and caries inhibitory techniques, and tooth preserving caries removal have been driven by operative dentists.

4. . The advanced removal and subsequent restoration of diseased enamel and dentin in complex situations is unique to Operative Dentistry, particularly as it relates to direct restorations, is unique to Operative Dentistry. The biologic, mechanical, and esthetic principles of preparation design, in conjunction with the principles of outline form, retention form, resistance form, and convenience form were developed and refined by operative dentists as materials have evolved and new materials have been developed.

5. CAD/CAM Restorations. Teaching the indications, preparation design principles, restoration design, and bonding of CAD/CAM restorations is not currently part of many pre-doctoral or PGY 1 and 2 curricula. This is particularly true of the chairside treatment delivery model, where restorations are delivered in less than two hours after beginning the preparation. Due, in part, to high equipment costs, demanding preparations, and the extensive knowledge of the materials used in these procedures; the concepts, techniques and procedures involved are primarily taught in Operative Dentistry or Prosthodontics residency programs.

6. Advanced Esthetic Dentistry. Dental school trains pre-doctoral students to a very basic level of knowledge and clinical application whereas the Operative residencies teach to a far more advanced, in-depth level. Many of the advances in esthetic materials and techniques have been made by operative dentists.

7. Deep Margin Elevation. This is a clinical technique using state of the art materials and technology that has a growing body of evidence to support indications for its use. It was developed by operative dentists, researched by operative dentists, and is not taught in pre-doctoral or PGY 1 and 2 general dentistry curricula.

8. Advanced Bonding Materials, Techniques, and Procedures. Dental bonding is a rapidly evolving field that is driven by operative dentists. Most of the research in the field of dental bonding to both enamel and dentin, has been done by Operative dentists. Most of the scientific papers in the field of dental bonding to both enamel and dentin, have been written by operative dentists.

9. Restoration of Implants. There special considerations that must be observed when restoring implants, and there is no training beyond some didactic exposure in pre-doctoral Page 13

programs. Post-doctoral programs in Operative Dentistry include techniques the unique requirements of restoration of implants in their curricula.

10. Restoration Evaluation Procedures and Criteria. The large body of knowledge concerning the evaluation of restorations in dental schools, on board examinations, and in research was developed by operative dentists, beginning with Charbonneau and Cartwright. The objective criteria it has provided has removed most of the subjectivity in the evaluation of restoration quality in educational and research. It is not taught at the pre-doctoral level.

11. Direct Gold. Teaching the techniques and preparation designs for gold foil as a restorative material is not currently part of any pre-doctoral or PGY 1 or 2 general dentistry curriculum. It is taught only in Operative Dentistry residency programs and Gold Foil Study clubs. There are clinical situations in which it is still the material of choice.

12. Cast Gold. Teaching the techniques and preparation design for cast gold inlay and onlay restorations is occurring less and less in the pre-doctoral curriculum. It has become a restoration that is taught in the post-doctoral curriculum, and not emphasized in AEGD and GPR programs. It is taught mainly in Operative Dentistry residency programs and, like gold foil, there are clinical situations in which it is still the restoration of choice.

13. Dental Amalgam. Like gold foil and cast gold, dental amalgam is becoming being utilized less and less by general dentists. The techniques and preparation designs used for dental amalgam are falling more and more into the realm of the residency trained operative dentist, particularly when large, complex direct restorations are involved.

14. Composite Resins. Composite resin restorations are becoming a larger part of the general dentist’s restorative practice. But the techniques and fine points of complex composite esthetics and the use of composites in the posterior teeth have been researched and developed by operative dentists.

15. Dental Ceramics. Advanced ceramic restorations, such as veneers, extended veneers, partial crowns, crownlays, onlays, inlays, and bridges are not currently part of many pre- doctoral or PGY 1 and 2 curricula. The indications and contraindications, and processing techniques for the myriad of ceramic restorative materials available today are too complex, and the equipment is too expensive.

16. Glass Ionomers. Glass ionomers have been part of the restorative dentist’s armamentarium since silicate cements were introduced over 100 years ago. It was operative dentists who led the development of modern glass ionomer based restorative materials that seal against microleakage and have esthetic properties that can rival composite resins. Again, the vast majority of the research and publishing in this area has been done by operative dentists.

Page 14

17. Dental Cements. The wide variety of dental cements that are available today are the result of research and development done by Operative dentists, primarily. Most general dentists do not have the time, inclination, training, or facilities to

18. Pulp Capping materials. The development of pulp capping materials and techniques, along with dental bases and liners has been done by operative dentists. Operative dentists continue to conduct research and evaluation of these techniques, pharmacologic agents, materials, and their effectiveness.

Operative Dentistry Research.

Operative dentistry residency programs educate residents in the design and conduct of research in Operative Dentistry, and in the writing and publication of the results of that research. As noted above, residency trained operative dentists have conducted the majority of the research in restorative dentistry diseases, pathology, materials, and techniques. Operative dentists have served senior Research and Development committee members, as the chief executives of leading dental research organizations, owned dental research companies, and been dental research advisors to the Surgeons General of the armed forces and Public Health Service. No residency trained general dentist receives this level of training in research, or becomes as involved in research in operative dentistry as operative dentists do.

Operative Dentistry Education.

Operative dentists are trained in their residency programs to teach Operative Dentistry at the pre-doctoral and post-doctoral level, skills that are not taught at the pre-doctoral, or PGY 1 or 2 general dentistry program levels. It is these operative dentists who are expected to become the core faculty in Operative Dentistry at most dental schools.

Are the techniques of Operative Dentistry part of the pre-doctoral or PGY 1 and/or 2 general dentistry programs curricula in dental schools?

Concerning the question of whether the techniques of Operative Dentistry are part of the pre- doctoral or PGY 1 or 2 general dentistry program curricula, the answer is that just like all or the dental specialty areas, basic techniques in Operative Dentistry are taught at the pre-doctoral and PGY levels, but there are numerous techniques in Operative Dentistry that are not taught at that level, and are taught at only the residency level. As noted above. distinct aspects of Operative Dentistry that are the domain of the residency trained operative dentist include the advanced study of diseases and pathology of the hard tissues of the oral cavity; the development of specific surgical and pharmacologic treatments of these conditions and the indications and contraindications for them; the development and testing of the materials, and their unique handling and placement techniques used in this treatment; and the development and use of evaluation criteria for a wide variety of advanced restorations and other treatments of diseases of the dentin and enamel tissues in the oral cavity.

Also, operative dentists are trained in their residency programs to teach Operative Dentistry at the pre-doctoral and post-doctoral level. Those skills are not taught at the pre-doctoral, or PGY 1 Page 15

or 2 general dentistry program levels. It is dentists with residency training in Operative Dentistry who take the lead in teaching restorative dentistry in dental schools today. Not only do they have advanced knowledge and skills as operative dentists, but they also have training in teaching techniques, evaluation and academic assessment theory, and best practices in education.

And, as mentioned above operative dentists are trained to design, conduct, and publish the results of research. Pre-doctoral and post-doctoral general dentistry programs do not include training or education in these areas. The vast majority of PGY 1 or 2 programs in general dentistry them do not offer the Master’s degree, and require the training in, and conduct of, research; much less the publication of a thesis, as do most Operative Dentistry residencies.

Conclusion

General Dentistry is a very broad academic and clinical discipline encompassing a wide variety of anatomic regions, tissues types, diseases, pathologies, treatments, and scientific disciplines. A general dentist is required to have a basic knowledge of all these areas sufficient to diagnose and treat the broad spectrum of problems that may affect their patients at a level that meets the needs of patients most of the time.

Operative Dentistry is a distinct area of general dentistry that addresses treatment needs, teaching, and research involving the teeth, and only the teeth, at a level beyond that of the general dentist.

Operative Dentistry is unique in that it is the only area of general dentistry that is limited to the teeth. It is the operative dentist who is trained and qualified to treat complex restorative cases and undertake full mouth rehabilitation involving direct restorations.

The body of knowledge concerning Operative Dentistry is extensive, with over 100 textbooks devoted to aspects of the area, and one sixth of the refereed dental scientific journals in the world devoted to aspects of the area.

In addition to over 21 techniques and procedures that are specific that are unique to Operative Dentistry, operative dentists are trained and educated at a level beyond the general dentist to teach operative dentistry to general dentists and are trained and qualified to design, conduct, and publish research that the general dentist, even with a PGY 1 or 2 education in general dentistry, is not educated to do.

As with any area of general dentistry, some techniques of Operative Dentistry are taught at a basic level at the pre-doctoral and GPR and AEGD levels, but all of those techniques have a higher level of expertise, knowledge, and skill that is taught only at the Operative Dentistry level, and there are many techniques that are taught only in Operative Dentistry residencies. Examples include education, research, gold foil, chairside and laboratory CAD/CAM restorations, advanced esthetics, deep margin elevation, restoration evaluation, CAMBRA, minimally invasive dentistry, implant restoration, advanced ceramic restorations, and advance bonding.

Page 16

It is hoped that the discussion above has addressed the concerns of the Council sufficiently to convince them to reverse their findings in May, 2015. The Academy of Operative Dentistry will be represented at the Council meeting in December, 2015 to answer any questions you may have.

Submitted by: Gordon K. Jones, DDS, MS 1541 North McKinley Road Lake Forest, Illinois 60045

847-502-0197 Page 17 ADEA 2015 - Grad Programs In Operative Restorative Dentistry 1. Basic Information

Institution Grad Program Director/Name of Program Credentials Phone-Email-Address Board Certifi cation Membership Indiana University Dr. N. Blaine Cook DDS, MS 317-274-5328 ABOD (2000) ADEA-Operative, Clinical Associate Professor [email protected] Biomaterials and 1121 W. Michigan St. Cariology Graduate Operative Dentistry Room S410 AOD\ ABOD Indianapolis, IN 46202 University of Iowa Dr. Sandra Guzman-Armstong1 DDS, MS 319-335-7216 No ADEA-Operative, Clinical Associate Professor [email protected] Biomaterials and Dr. Rodrigo R. Maia2 DDS, MS, PhD 319-335-7218 Cariology1; AOD Assistant Professor [email protected] AADR/IADR; Operative Dentistry Graduate Program S244 DSB, Iowa City, IA 52242 SCAD2 Nova Southeastern Dr. Luana Oliveira-Hass MS, PhD 954-262-7368 (Offi ce) No ADEA University in Operative D 954-262-1775 (Clinic) ADA-EBD Reviewer Postgraduate Operative Dentistry/Master [email protected] AADR/IADR of Science Program 3200 S. University Dr. Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328 University of Michigan Dr. Peter Yaman DDS, MS 734-764-1532 No ADEA [email protected] AOD Graduate Restorative Dentistry School of Dentistry 1011 N. University Ann Arbor, MI 40109 University of Southern Dr. Sillas Duarte DDS, MS, PhD 213-740-0694 Federal Council ADEA-Operative California (USC) [email protected] of Dentistry Brazil and Biomaterials Advance Program in Operative Dentistry DEN 4338A (1995) 925 W. 34th St. Los Angeles, CA 90089 University of Dr. Richard Stevenson 310-794-4387 ABOD (2006) AOD California Los Angeles Professor of clinical dentistry and chair, [email protected] AEGD AARD (UCLA) section of Restorative Dentistry 10833 Le Conte Ave. ADA Los Angeles, CA 90095 ARVTSC Advance Clinical Training Program in AAGFO Restorative Dentistry University of North Dr. Lee W. Boushell MDM, MS 919-537-3982 No ADEA Carolina (UNC) Associate Professor [email protected] Program Director Depart. of Operative Dentistry 448 Brauer Hall, Box 7450 Graduate Program in Operative Dentistry Chapel Hill, NC 27599 Page 18 ADEA 2015 - Grad Programs In Operative Restorative Dentistry 2. About the Program

University of University of University of Nova Southeastern University of Institution Indiana University University of Iowa Southern California California Los Angeles North Carolina University Michigan (USC) (UCLA) (UNC) Grad Program Length 2 years 3 years 3 years 3 years 2 years/ 3 years 2 years 3 years Degree /Awarded MSD MS Oral Science MS Oral Science MS Certifi cate/ Master Certifi cate MS Dentistry Certifi cate Operative Certifi cate Operative Certifi cate Operative Dentistry Dentistry Dentistry Years established 49 years 53 Years 3 years 60 + years 3 years 3 years 18 years Students Enrolled/yr 8 9/3 per year 4 4-6 4 10 2-3 Graduated in last 5 yrs 20 15 6 18 2 15 14 Chief Resident No Yes Yes No No No Demographic 20 Intl & USA 15 Intl & USA 12 all foreign 16 Intl / 5 USA 10 Intl 24 Intl & USA 12 Intl / 2 USA Trained residents 6 USA Citizens Board Requirements No No No No No No No Encourage to take Highly Recommend Encourage to take Encourage to Encourage to take Encourage to take Encourage to take ABOD NBDE part I & II & ABOD take ABOD ABOD ABOD ABOD ABOD Some International Some International Some International require ABOD require ABOD require ABOD Full Time Faculty 3 with advance 9 with advance 3 faculty; 2 faculty with 7 faculty; 2 faculty; 4 with advance training in OD; training in OD; 2 with advance train- advance train- 3 with advance 1 with advance train- training in OD 2 Board Certifi ed 3 Board Certifi ed in ing OD ing in OD training in OD; ing in OD; in OD OD 2 Board Certifi ed 1 Board Certifi ed in in OD OD Part Time Faculty 00 9 226 1 Page 19 ADEA 2015 - Grad Programs In Operative Restorative Dentistry 3. About the Curriculum

University of University of University of Nova Southeastern University of Institution Indiana University University of Iowa Southern California California Los Angeles North Carolina University Michigan (USC) (UCLA) (UNC) Pre-clinical Yes: during 1st yr Yes: during 1st yr Yes: during 1st yr Yes: during 1st yr Yes: during 1st yr Yes: during 1st yr Yes: during 1st yr Component/year Optional 2nd/3rd yr Clinical time 5 half days/week 12 hours/3 half days/ 2.5 days: 1st yr 18-22 hrs/week 2-3 days/week 20 hours/5 half days/ 15 hours/week for 2 yrs week for 3 yrs 3 days: 2nd yr total 3 yrs total 2 yrs week total 3 yrs total 2 yrs Original Research Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Project Th esis Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Time Teaching 1 half day/week 3 half day/week (8 hrs) 1 half day /week for 1-2 half day/ week 1 day/week 40 hours total 9 hours/week Predoc During 2nd yr During 3 yrs 2 years 1st yr: Pre-clinic 2nd yr: Pre-doc clinic Exit Exam Written Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Oral Yes No No No Yes Yes No Other Activities Table clinic at AOD; Lecture for Special Research, teaching Creativity projects, Clinical teaching Poster or oral AADR/ Topics and Ground and clinical services lit reviews, seminars, IADR Rounds national meetings, Written manuscript on Lecture and mentor workshops, assistance thesis topic submitted Pre-doc at CE Present Research at: AOD Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes ADEA No Optional No No No No Yes AADR/IADR Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes ACCD No Optional Yes No No No Yes SCAD No Optional Yes No Yes No No Others Yes, IAAD Yes, Tucker Yes, Th omas P. Hinman Dental Page 20 ADEA 2015 - Grad Programs In Operative Restorative Dentistry 4. Areas of Content

University of University of University of Nova Southeastern University of Institution Indiana University University of Iowa Southern California California Los Angeles North Carolina University Michigan (USC) (UCLA) (UNC) Cariology: Didactic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Clinical Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Explanation/Emphasis 1. Several Cariology 1. Advance Cariology Didactic - one year Teaching in pre-clin- courses to complete Course. “Advanced Cariology ical cariology course minor in Preventive. 2. Clinical Application Course” with Dr. Evren that focuses on caries 2. Clinical Applica- of concepts. Kilinc. 1hr, \week sem- diagnosis Teaching tion inars, lecture presen- in clinical operative tations and literature dentistry that supports review. Clinic - appli- identifi cation of caries cation of concepts. risk and steps for man- agement Biomaterials: Didactic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Clinical Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Explanation/Emphasis 1. Several dental 1. Biomaterials Semi- Didactic - 6 month Extensive literature materials classes to nars and Lit. Reviews didactic course “Dental review, teaching in pre- complete minor in 2. Clinical Application Biomaterials Dr. Jeff clinical biomaterials, Biomaterials. Th ompson. 2 hours/ a clinical management 2. Clinical Applica- week seminars, lectures of biomaterials, clinical tion and literature review. teaching of DDS stu- Clinic: incorporated dents in the manage- into clinic ment of biomaterials Dental Anatomy: Didactic No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Clinical No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Explanation/Emphasis Intensive D.A. training Didactic: Part of Pre-clinical teaching in summer 1st year. pre-clinical review of DDS students, Grads are instructors course, total of 16 clinical re-inforcement in preclinical D.A. hours, block and carve of preclinical concepts and wax-up. in the graduate level Clinic: incorporated treatment of patients, into every day activities clinical teaching of preclinical concepts in the DDS clinics Page 21 ADEA 2015 - Grad Programs In Operative Restorative Dentistry Continued 4. Areas of Content

University of University of University of Nova Southeastern University of Institution Indiana University University of Iowa Southern California California Los Angeles North Carolina University Michigan (USC) (UCLA) (UNC) Minimal Invasive Dentistry Didactic Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Clinical Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Explanation/Emphasis Taught in Opera- Seminars and Lit Didactic: Part of Pre-clinical & clin- tive and Cariology Reviews. Emphasis in pre-clinical review ical teaching at the Courses. Is the cinical practice course, total of 4 hours, pre-doc level, clinical basis for our clinical on lab with practical re-inforcement of treatment exercises preclinical concepts Clinic: incorporated in the graduate level into clinic activities treatment of patients Direct Restorations Didactic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Clinical Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Explanation/Emphasis Amalgam, com- Seminars and preclini- Didactic: Part of Pre-clinical & clin- posites, GIS, brief cal exercises. All kinds pre-clinical review ical teaching at the experience with in clinical practice total of 16 hours, lab pre-doc level, clinical direct gold with practical projects re-inforcement of and fi nal exam before preclinical concepts clinic. in the graduate level Clinic: Profi ciency treatment of patients exam on patients Indirect Restorations Didactic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Clinical Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Explanation/Emphasis Gold, PFM, ACC & Seminars, lit reviews Didactic: Part of Pre-clinical & clin- CAD CAM and clinical cases. Single pre-clinical review ical teaching at the unit crowns, onlays, course, total of 16 pre-doc level, clinical CAD-Cam restorations, hours, lab with practical re-inforcement of FPDs, Few implants projects and fi nal exam preclinical concepts before clinic. in the graduate level Clinic: Profi ciency treatment of patients exam on patients Page 22 ADEA 2015 - Grad Programs In Operative Restorative Dentistry Continued 4. Areas of Content

University of University of University of Nova Southeastern University of Institution Indiana University University of Iowa Southern California California Los Angeles North Carolina University Michigan (USC) (UCLA) (UNC) Esthetics/Direct Didactic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Clinical Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Explanation/Emphasis Didactic: Esthetics, Lit Review, Seminars, Didactic: Part of Pre-clinical & clin- color, shape, smile many clinical cases. pre-clinical review ical teaching at the design Pre-clinic: More direct than indi- course of anterior resto- pre-doc level, clinical Resin bonding exer- rect in anterior teeth. rations, 16 hrs, lab with re-inforcement of cises in dentoforms practical projects and preclinical concepts Clinic: Direct esthet- fi nal exam before clinic. in the graduate level ic restorations Class IV using layering treatment of patients technique Clinic: Profi ciency exam on patients

Esthetics/Indirect Didactic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Clinical Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Explanation/Emphasis Didactic: PFM, Posterior esthetic onlays Didactic: Part of Pre-clinical & clin- ACC, Veneers & crowns more than pre-clinical review ical teaching at the Pre-clinic: Prepa- porcelain veneers course of indirect res- pre-doc level, clinical ration and practice torations, 16 hours lab re-inforcement of above with practical projects preclinical concepts Clinic: Same proce- and fi nal exam. in the graduate level dures Clinic: Profi ciency treatment of patients exam on patients CAD/CAM Didactic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Clinical Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Explanation/Emphasis E4D system Seminars, Lit Review. Didactic: Part of Pre-clinical & clin- Pre-clinic 3 resto- Grads work with pre- pre-clinical review ical teaching at the rations on dento- doc. and instructors in course, total of 20 pre-doc level, clinical form. Clinic: Use preclinical and clinical hours, laboratory with re-inforcement of E4D with patients cases. practical projects. preclinical concepts CEREC and E4D pre- Clinic: Incorporated in the graduate level clinical and clinical. into clinic activities treatment of patients Page 23 ADEA 2015 - Grad Programs In Operative Restorative Dentistry Continued 4. Areas of Content University of University of University of Nova Southeastern University of Institution Indiana University University of Iowa Southern California California Los Angeles North Carolina University Michigan (USC) (UCLA) (UNC) Occlusion Didactic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Clinical Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Explanation/Emphasis Didactic 6 hours of 1st yr summer and fall Didactic: Part of pre-clin- Pre-clinical & clin- occlusion. Clinic: session. We need stron- ical review course, total of ical teaching at the occlusion principles ger occlusion course. 12 hours, lab with hands pre-doc level, clinical applied with patients Limited seminars and on. Clinic: Incorporated re-inforcement of clinical experience. into clinic activities preclinical concepts in the graduate level treatment of patients Comprehensive Management Didactic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Clinical Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Explanation/Emphasis Didactic: Endo, Interdisciplinary semi- Advanced Tx. Pre-clinical & clin- Perio & Occlusion nars and clinical cases. Planning Seminar. Once a ical teaching at the Lectures. Clinical Expanded information week PG1 and PG2 resi- pre-doc level, clinical interaction with in summer and fall dents rotate through a case re-inforcement of dental specialties as semester. presentation. Completed preclinical concepts needed case for Grand Rounds and in the graduate level Interdisciplinary Treat- treatment of patients ment Planning Seminar. Clinic: Incorporated into clinic activities Implants Didactic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Clinical Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Explanation/Emphasis Didactic course Limited didactic and Didactic: (1) restoration Pre-clinical & clin- with Graduate Pros clinical experience. of implants: pre-clinical ical teaching at the students. Implant Defi nitely need expan- review course, 24 hrs, pre-doc level, clinical Seminar with Perio sion. lab with hands on with re-inforcement of and Pros. Clinic: implant companies demo. preclinical concepts restore implants in (2) surgical: residents have in the graduate level clinic 1 hr/wk seminar with all treatment of patients other specialties. Clinic: Incorporated into clinic activities OTHERS Lit Reviews, research Lit Reviews, case pre- Periodontics, Conservative cast gold, Research design and topics & lectures. sentations. POPE sem- Endodontics Periodontics implementation Feedback by class- inars. Research design Endodontics mates and faculty and teaching methods Page 24 ADEA 2015 - Grad Programs In Operative Restorative Dentistry 5. Collaborations

University of University of University of Nova Southeastern University of Institution Indiana University University of Iowa Southern California California Los Angeles North Carolina University Michigan (USC) (UCLA) (UNC) Present Research/ No research and No research and Yes, residents can No research No research and Yes, with other De- No research and Teaching Collabo- teaching collabora- teaching collabora- be co investigators and teaching teaching partments within the teaching ration with other tion tion of other graduate school and other grads Graduate Programs programs and can in Research mentor pre-doc No in teaching students on research projects. No in teaching Future Research/ Yes for research and Research: I think it Yes for research and Yes in research Yes for research and Yes for research and No Teaching Collabora- teaching would be interesting teaching No in teaching teaching teaching tions but may be diffi cult within the time frame of the program Teaching: Yes, I think it is feasible and would be benefi cial to the students Mentors\Areas of No external mentors External mentors in Yes, residents can Local mentors, Local mentors, Local mentors, no Experts in areas expertise Mentored by Dental very few cases be mentored by any mentors in mentors in other external other than Biomaterials faculty within the school, faculty with a Master other areas. areas. Off er: Tucker Train- Operative/Restor- and Preventive degree in any area of ing ? ative Dentistry Dentistry/Cariology and Prosthodontic dentistry for exam- serve as mentors; faculty within the faculty, College of ple, Biomaterials, Yes school Engineering Microbiology, Steam Cells, Public Health, Bioinformatics, etc. Annual Meeting for Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Program Directors ? Location (prefered) ADEA, AOD, Host- ADEA, AOD, Hosted ADEA, Hosted by AADR, Hosted ADEA, AADR, AOD, Hosted by AOD, ADEA, ed by Universities/ by Universities/Will- Universities/Willing by Universities/ Hosted by Universi- Universities/Willing AADR Willing to host ing to host to host Willing to host ties/Willing to host to host Annual Grad Retreat? Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Location AOD, Hosted by ADEA, AOD, Hosted Hosted by Univer- Hosted by Uni- ADEA, AOD, Host- AOD, Hosted by Uni- Universities by Universities sities versities ed by Universities versities Support of ABOD Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes proposal Page 25

Basic Pre-doctoral Advanced Operative Training Dentistry Training

Advanced & Intensive Cariology Training to conduct research and teaching at pre- and post-doctoral level, and Basic Principles of advance curricula and policy. The science and art of Cariology , caries preventing and controlling caries and non-carious diseases prevention and MID and promoting dental health through individualized management plans.

Integrate Endo, Perio, Ortho, Pros, O. Surgery training in Basic Principles of adhesion Comprehensive Management of complex cases. (Seminars and to be able to perform clinic) for the treatment of caries, rampant caries, trauma, severe bonded restorations worn dentition, developmental abnormalities, tooth discoloration, etc) - see chart on prior page.

Basic knowledge of composite resins and Advance Training in Adhesion and scientific bases of bonding to clinical training in anteiror develop research, expand the knowledge and be the leaders in this and posterior composites area at national and internatinal levelsw.

Smile Analysis, principles of photography and Esthetic Treatment Basic knowledge and Planning of complex cases & multidisciplinary cases training on Glass Ionomer Restorations Learning of the science and research of Advance Bleaching in office and at home for clinical, research and teaching application.

Knowledge and Training on materials and placement of Advance Training in Direct Composite restorations: to perform amalgam restorations, is a complex esthetic procedures: Diastemas, realignments,direct, very small part of the restoration of peg laterals, veneers, polychromatic class IVs, etc. curriculum at some institutions.

Basic knowledge and Advance Training in Biomaterials to be able to conduct research and minimal clinical experience to teach biomaterials structure, property, function, and clinical using CAD/CAM selection and handling at pre-doctoral and post-doctoral level; restorations relationship to pulp inflammation, injury and preservation.

Advance scientific and clinical training in materals for direct Little to no knowledge and restorations : amalgams and glass ionomers to develop research in training in indirect gold and this area and applicable to complex clinical operative situations of onlays restorations. disease control.

Basic knowledge and some Advance Scientifc knowledge and clinical training in Indirect clinical training with design restorations, AAC and onlays, lab or CAD\CAM fabricated, restoration and cementation of of implants, indirect and direct gold restorations, acid and bonded indirect restorations. bridges, 3 unit FPD.

Page 26 Publications

Total Total Total Citable Cites / Docs. Docs. Cites Docs. Doc. Ref. / Rank Title Type ISSN SJR H index (2014) (3years) Total Refs (3years) (3years) (2years) Doc. Country 1 Journal of Clinical j ISSN 1600051 1.714 100 134 473 5588 1938 468 3.78 41.7 Denmark 2 International Endodontic Journal j ISSN 1365259 1.636 80 160 429 5108 1411 411 3.34 31.93 United Kingdom 3 Dental Materials j ISSN 1879009 1.516 95 213 545 8229 2294 520 3.89 38.63 United States 4 Journal of Dental Research j ISSN 0022034 1.459 122 198 648 6114 2613 607 3.99 30.88 United States 5 Caries Research j ISSN 1421976 1.419 68 65 233 2064 756 219 2.6 31.75 Switzerland 6 Journal of Endodontics j ISSN 1878355 1.383 93 404 962 11522 3645 910 3.78 28.52 United States 7 Clinical Oral Implants Research j ISSN 1600050 1.29 102 293 642 10530 1912 616 2.89 35.94 Denmark 8 Oral Oncology j ISSN 1368837 1.275 77 295 643 9005 1936 544 3.47 30.53 United Kingdom 9 Monographs in Oral Science j ISSN 0077089 1.242 21 37 24 2528 93 22 1.45 68.32 Switzerland 10 Molecular Oral Microbiology j ISSN 2041100 1.194 55 30 110 1557 315 105 2.96 51.9 United States 11 Journal of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery j ISSN 1010518 1.153 52 430 539 12123 1445 521 2.74 28.19 United States 12 Periodontology 2000 j ISSN 1600075 1.066 79 38 119 4689 455 119 3.56 123.39 Denmark 13 and Craniofacial Research j ISSN 1601634 1.061 37 26 79 878 123 77 0.96 33.77 United Kingdom 14 American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics j ISSN 1097675 1.046 80 269 1030 5752 1432 769 1.49 21.38 United States 15 Journal of Dentistry j ISSN 0300571 1.01 76 231 531 7560 1520 507 2.83 32.73 Netherlands 16 Angle Orthodontist j ISSN 0003321 0.994 57 169 533 3982 843 479 1.58 23.56 United States 17 European Journal of Orthodontics j ISSN 1460221 0.976 55 93 385 3157 578 353 1.61 33.95 United Kingdom 18 Frontiers of oral biology j ISSN 1662377 0.973 12 0 28 0 77 24 3.21 0 Switzerland 19 Journal of Oral Microbiology j ISSN 2000229 0.937 10 8 36 461 120 35 3.13 57.63 Sweden 20 Journal of Periodontology j ISSN 0022349 0.918 110 250 623 9228 1421 592 2.39 36.91 United States 21 Dental Traumatology j ISSN 1600965 0.906 58 84 286 2642 423 250 1.71 31.45 Denmark 22 Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology j ISSN 1600052 0.901 70 82 231 3175 499 225 2.04 38.72 Denmark 23 International journal of oral science j ISSN 1674281 0.872 17 40 112 1365 355 111 2.6 34.13 China 24 Journal of Periodontal Research j ISSN 1600076 0.842 62 129 294 5373 701 289 2.3 41.65 Denmark 25 Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery j ISSN 1531505 0.837 82 508 1563 9519 2144 1364 1.43 18.74 United Kingdom 26 Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research j ISSN 1523089 0.824 51 79 452 3012 679 259 2.61 38.13 United Kingdom 27 Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal j ISSN 1545156 0.815 53 117 344 3366 462 331 1.19 28.77 United States 28 International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry j ISSN 1365263 0.788 41 47 203 1371 347 187 1.74 29.17 United Kingdom 29 Journal of Public Health Dentistry j ISSN 0022400 0.771 44 45 206 1217 266 149 1.4 27.04 United Kingdom 30 Operations Research for Health Care j ISSN 2211692 0.767 5 27 24 609 33 21 1.57 22.56 United Kingdom 31 International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery j ISSN 0901502 0.767 69 237 765 5657 1177 692 1.63 23.87 United States 32 Clinical Oral Investigations j ISSN 1436377 0.767 48 391 597 12046 1246 557 2.17 30.81 Germany 33 Oral Diseases j ISSN 1601082 0.746 61 153 375 6807 773 319 2.07 44.49 United Kingdom 34 Dentomaxillofacial Radiology j ISSN 1476542 0.702 51 69 353 1647 506 303 1.5 23.87 United Kingdom 35 Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine j ISSN 1600071 0.698 61 152 365 5349 757 345 2.01 35.19 United Kingdom 36 Journal of Oral Rehabilitation j ISSN 1365284 0.674 61 118 330 4364 620 320 1.82 36.98 United Kingdom 37 Journal of the American Dental Association j ISSN 1943472 0.625 80 209 756 3202 647 374 1.5 15.32 United States 38 Archives of Oral Biology j ISSN 0003996 0.613 61 210 645 8279 1245 636 1.84 39.42 United Kingdom 39 European Journal of Oral Sciences j ISSN 1600072 0.611 66 57 305 1921 496 279 1.52 33.7 Denmark 40 Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology j ISSN 2212440 0.61 82 357 1182 8102 1708 1043 1.36 22.69 United States 41 Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery j ISSN 1865155 0.608 14 70 184 1662 196 158 1.16 23.74 Germany 42 Operative Dentistry j ISSN 0361773 0.576 58 112 286 3835 423 268 1.38 34.24 United States 43 Australian Dental Journal j ISSN 1834781 0.565 42 121 314 3811 417 252 1.23 31.5 United Kingdom 44 British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery j ISSN 0266435 0.565 54 251 731 3888 784 614 1.22 15.49 United States 45 Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral y Cirugia Bucal j ISSN 1698694 0.549 30 104 514 2700 817 513 1.46 25.96 Spain 46 Korean Journal of Orthodontics j ISSN 2005372 0.54 7 53 122 1162 100 117 1.05 21.92 South Korea

Page 1 Page 27 Publications

47 Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry j ISSN 1097684 0.54 83 333 388 8979 687 372 1.68 26.96 United States 48 International Journal of Prosthodontics j ISSN 1139979 0.519 67 88 246 0 306 232 1.28 0 United States 49 Journal of Prosthodontic Research j ISSN 1883195 0.518 14 48 136 1210 199 124 1.72 25.21 Netherlands 50 Gerodontology j ISSN 1741235 0.5 35 63 375 2108 345 329 1.03 33.46 Denmark 51 Journal of Adhesive Dentistry j ISSN 1461518 0.49 49 78 216 0 265 203 1.18 0 United States 52 BMC Oral Health j ISSN 1472683 0.488 25 126 173 4592 242 169 1.32 36.44 United Kingdom 53 Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics j ISSN 1434529 0.487 30 46 146 1167 104 116 0.78 25.37 Germany 54 American Journal of Dentistry j ISSN 0894827 0.485 62 65 219 2183 247 212 1.11 33.58 United States 55 International Dental Journal j ISSN 0020653 0.484 44 54 194 1328 244 181 1.37 24.59 United States 56 Journal of Conservative Dentistry j ISSN 0974520 0.474 7 137 304 3137 366 277 1.38 22.9 India 57 International Journal of Periodontics and Restorative Dentistry j ISSN 0198756 0.471 56 0 243 0 252 235 0.95 0 United States 58 Dental Clinics of North America j ISSN 0011853 0.46 42 54 162 2767 225 146 1.36 51.24 United Kingdom 59 International journal of dental hygiene j ISSN 1601503 0.458 20 56 153 1632 158 136 1.13 29.14 United Kingdom 60 Journal of Prosthodontics j ISSN 1532849 0.455 35 116 339 3600 397 304 1.13 31.03 United Kingdom 61 ORAL and Implantology j ISSN 2035246 0.448 1 8 8 134 4 8 0.5 16.75 Italy 62 Australian orthodontic journal j ISSN 0587390 0.445 15 30 92 0 47 79 0.57 0 Australia 63 European Journal of Dental Education j ISSN 1600057 0.444 25 52 182 1303 182 175 1.02 25.06 United Kingdom 64 Acta Odontologica Scandinavica j ISSN 1502385 0.427 45 78 399 3022 437 399 1.01 38.74 United Kingdom 65 Odontology / the Society of the Nippon Dental University j ISSN 1618125 0.425 18 84 118 2395 122 101 1.09 28.51 Japan 66 Journal of Orofacial Pain j ISSN 1064665 0.419 51 0 117 0 182 105 1.58 0 United States 67 Seminars in Orthodontics j ISSN 1073874 0.414 32 32 107 1414 69 92 0.56 44.19 United Kingdom 68 Australian Endodontic Journal j ISSN 1329194 0.411 22 30 116 568 76 98 0.72 18.93 United States 69 International Journal of Computerized Dentistry j ISSN 1463420 0.411 20 26 85 0 87 72 0.86 0 Germany 70 Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science j ISSN 2093228 0.407 9 47 139 1299 156 116 1.33 27.64 South Korea 71 Community Dental Health j ISSN 0265539 0.406 39 48 177 1105 139 163 0.72 23.02 United Kingdom 72 Implant Dentistry j ISSN 1538298 0.406 40 139 301 4368 346 270 1.16 31.42 United States 73 Pesquisa odontologica brasileira = Brazilian oral research j ISSN 1517749 0.401 24 78 284 544 310 263 1.04 6.97 Brazil 74 Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry j ISSN 1179135 0.393 6 13 29 502 33 28 1.35 38.62 New Zealand 75 Journal of Dental Education j ISSN 1930783 0.389 45 178 559 3307 507 527 0.82 18.58 United States 76 Brazilian Dental Journal j ISSN 0103644 0.385 31 99 321 2349 360 319 0.91 23.73 Brazil 77 International Orthodontics j ISSN 1761722 0.385 5 32 102 461 48 85 0.62 14.41 France 78 Iranian Endodontic Journal j ISSN 2008274 0.38 6 44 133 1526 146 129 1.23 34.68 Iran 79 International Journal of Dentistry j ISSN 1687873 0.379 9 63 273 2234 283 260 1.18 35.46 United States 80 Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry j ISSN 1708824 0.375 39 69 258 1991 120 114 0.85 28.86 United Kingdom 81 European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the Euj ISSN 1996980 0.374 18 77 193 1914 167 175 0.76 24.86 Italy 82 Dental Materials Journal j ISSN 1881136 0.368 36 119 407 3752 468 401 1.06 31.53 Japan 83 Journal of Clinical Dentistry j ISSN 0895883 0.36 27 20 83 565 88 83 0.58 28.25 United States 84 Imaging Science in Dentistry j ISSN 2233783 0.356 5 50 119 1151 97 119 0.8 23.02 South Korea 85 Pediatric Dentistry j ISSN 0164126 0.352 48 29 330 0 297 297 0.97 0 United States 86 Journal of Oral Implantology j ISSN 0160697 0.35 31 120 316 2665 230 280 0.69 22.21 United States 87 European Journal of Dentistry j ISSN 1305746 0.349 8 71 244 2160 225 240 0.73 30.42 Turkey 88 Journal of Applied Oral Science j ISSN 1678776 0.342 19 83 346 2510 353 326 1.03 30.24 Brazil 89 British Dental Journal j ISSN 1476537 0.338 55 370 1200 7845 377 427 0.88 21.2 United Kingdom 90 Head and Face Medicine j ISSN 1746160 0.331 20 47 107 1436 99 100 0.87 30.55 United Kingdom 91 Journal of Evidence-Based Dental Practice j ISSN 1532339 0.325 12 103 283 1829 127 73 3.73 17.76 United States 92 Progress in Orthodontics j ISSN 1723778 0.32 14 32 165 625 92 160 0.51 19.53 Italy 93 Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics j ISSN 2005781 0.319 9 78 156 2506 138 153 0.78 32.13 South Korea 94 Cranio - Journal of Craniomandibular Practice j ISSN 2151090 0.315 31 42 154 1061 94 108 0.68 25.26 United States 95 Journal of Orthodontics j ISSN 1465313 0.308 35 68 178 1232 63 104 0.45 18.12 United Kingdom

Page 2 Page 28 Publications

96 Journal of Dental Biomechanics j ISSN 1758736 0.3 4 3 15 64 13 15 0.55 21.33 United Kingdom 97 Oral Radiology j ISSN 1613967 0.3 9 53 86 1267 39 77 0.51 23.91 Japan 98 Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North America j ISSN 1042369 0.296 18 55 169 1890 108 157 0.58 34.36 United Kingdom 99 Atlas of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North Americ j ISSN 1558427 0.29 13 23 62 758 43 56 0.58 32.96 United Kingdom 100 Fluoride - Quarterly Reports j ISSN 0015472 0.287 31 12 112 335 50 101 0.53 27.92 New Zealand 101 European journal of paediatric dentistry : official journal of Europeaj ISSN 2035648 0.282 15 85 193 2024 120 191 0.44 23.81 Italy 102 Swedish Dental Journal j ISSN 0347999 0.281 25 20 69 516 43 69 0.46 25.8 Sweden 103 Open Dentistry Journal j ISSN 1874210 0.28 7 13 109 755 114 106 0.88 58.08 United Arab Emirat 104 Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry j ISSN 1053462 0.266 31 52 220 571 114 219 0.44 10.98 United States 105 Special Care in Dentistry j ISSN 0275187 0.263 29 57 136 1398 85 117 0.56 24.53 United Kingdom 106 Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists j ISSN 2212443 0.256 2 32 55 605 15 46 0.33 18.91 Netherlands 107 Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology j ISSN 0972124 0.248 7 167 383 3320 233 334 0.58 19.88 India 108 Journal of the Canadian Dental Association j ISSN 1488215 0.238 41 35 324 494 109 208 0.45 14.11 Canada 109 Japanese Dental Science Review j ISSN 1882761 0.235 9 20 61 966 36 49 0.65 48.3 Netherlands 110 Minerva Stomatologica j ISSN 1827174 0.231 18 35 162 1043 83 159 0.48 29.8 Italy 111 Indian Journal of Dental Research j ISSN 1998360 0.231 20 148 654 3139 327 615 0.35 21.21 India 112 Saudi Dental Journal j ISSN 1013905 0.22 5 40 92 961 52 81 0.69 24.03 Netherlands 113 Journal of Oral Biosciences j ISSN 1880386 0.219 7 35 115 1286 68 113 0.64 36.74 Japan 114 Journal of the Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Denti j ISSN 0970438 0.216 18 72 223 1310 108 206 0.39 18.19 India 115 Revue de Stomatologie, de Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale et de Chirurg j ISSN 2213654 0.21 12 93 252 942 64 205 0.32 10.13 France 116 Journal of the California Dental Association j ISSN 1043225 0.209 25 186 309 0 88 195 0.28 0 United States 117 Journal of Dentistry for Children j ISSN 1935506 0.208 27 30 99 545 43 98 0.42 18.17 United States 118 New Zealand Dental Journal j ISSN 0028804 0.203 14 26 81 0 29 54 0.38 0 New Zealand 119 Dental update j ISSN 0305500 0.202 22 85 397 1501 103 319 0.3 17.66 United Kingdom 120 Journal of Dental Sciences j ISSN 1991790 0.195 5 81 218 1353 101 164 0.57 16.7 Taiwan 121 Pesquisa Brasileira em Odontopediatria e Clinica Integrada j ISSN 1983463 0.186 3 15 199 399 10 199 0.04 26.6 Brazil 122 General Dentistry j ISSN 0363677 0.181 24 137 480 2882 141 412 0.32 21.04 United States 123 Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry j ISSN 1989548 0.172 5 94 211 2185 85 211 0.36 23.24 Spain 124 Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice j ISSN 1526371 0.171 28 0 506 0 176 480 0.3 0 United States 125 New York State Dental Journal j ISSN 0028757 0.169 15 69 220 0 57 168 0.29 0 United States 126 Orthodontic Waves j ISSN 1344024 0.162 6 25 62 304 16 60 0.2 12.16 Netherlands 127 Dental and Medical Problems j ISSN 1644387 0.16 4 64 238 1733 38 226 0.23 27.08 Poland 128 Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia j ISSN 1121417 0.16 3 13 53 237 11 45 0.26 18.23 Italy 129 Dentistry Today j ISSN 8750218 0.159 16 145 634 299 44 572 0.08 2.06 United States 130 Journal of Hard Tissue Biology j ISSN 1880828 0.159 6 65 180 1769 51 179 0.3 27.22 Japan 131 Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences j ISSN 2228672 0.157 3 30 94 942 28 93 0.32 31.4 Iran 132 Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences j ISSN 1342881 0.154 20 7 36 223 17 36 0.7 31.86 Japan 133 Acta Stomatologica Croatica j ISSN 0001701 0.153 4 27 112 657 20 101 0.15 24.33 Croatia 134 Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics j ISSN 2177670 0.146 6 97 398 2212 61 371 0.16 22.8 Brazil 135 Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medicine, and Pathologyj ISSN 2212555 0.143 4 173 194 2970 32 177 0.17 17.17 United Kingdom 136 Journal of Stomatology j ISSN 2299551 0.138 3 57 189 1734 28 185 0.13 30.42 Poland 137 Journal of Indian Prosthodontist Society j ISSN 1998405 0.136 7 87 253 1870 41 193 0.18 21.49 India 138 Oralprophylaxe und Kinderzahnheilkunde j ISSN 1614221 0.134 2 24 71 389 5 58 0.05 16.21 Germany 139 Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences j ISSN 1677322 0.134 6 36 184 928 36 184 0.18 25.78 Brazil 140 Dental Hypotheses j ISSN 2155821 0.133 4 39 108 908 11 91 0.16 23.28 India 141 Cumhuriyet Dental Journal j ISSN 2146285 0.13 2 67 101 1629 14 93 0.15 24.31 Turkey 142 Journal of j ISSN 2036413 0.129 2 11 27 315 5 27 0.18 28.64 Italy 143 Journal of Long-Term Effects of Medical Implants j ISSN 1050693 0.128 28 36 102 1401 30 100 0.14 38.92 United States 144 Zeitschrift fur Zahnarztliche Implantologie j ISSN 0177334 0.127 1 33 55 335 5 40 0.13 10.15 Germany

Page 3 Page 29 Publications

145 Revista Portuguesa de Estomatologia, Medicina Dentaria e Cirurgj ISSN 1646289 0.126 3 42 128 1193 13 119 0.06 28.4 Spain 146 Revista Cubana de Estomatologia j ISSN 1561297 0.124 4 35 139 792 4 127 0.01 22.63 Cuba 147 Alpha Omegan j ISSN 0002641 0.119 9 23 51 0 7 40 0.03 0 United States 148 Evidence-Based Dentistry j ISSN 1476544 0.118 10 58 195 233 58 26 1.39 4.02 United Kingdom 149 Oral Surgery j ISSN 1752248 0.117 6 54 116 1315 12 105 0.1 24.35 United Kingdom 150 Dental Cadmos j ISSN 0011852 0.114 5 96 221 1843 10 163 0.06 19.2 Italy 151 Revista Odonto Ciencia j ISSN 0102946 0.114 2 5 149 165 25 139 0.1 33 Brazil 152 Texas dental journal j ISSN 0040428 0.111 8 57 258 0 25 228 0.12 0 United States 153 Revista Espanola de Cirugia Oral y Maxilofacial j ISSN 1130055 0.11 3 68 142 498 5 120 0.02 7.32 Spain 154 Pediatric Dental Journal j ISSN 1880399 0.105 1 0 13 0 1 12 0.08 0 United Kingdom 155 Italian Oral Surgery j ISSN 1827245 0.105 2 0 80 0 2 68 0.02 0 Italy 156 Mondo Ortodontico j ISSN 0391200 0.104 4 0 58 0 5 48 0.07 0 Netherlands 157 Acta Stomatologica Naissi j ISSN 1820120 0.103 8 0 31 0 4 31 0.19 0 Serbia 158 Avances en Odontoestomatologia j ISSN 0213128 0.103 4 29 81 888 2 80 0.02 30.62 Spain 159 Timisoara Medical Journal j ISSN 1583526 0.103 3 0 33 0 2 33 0 0 Romania 160 Journal of International Dental and Medical Research j ISSN 1309100 0.102 4 15 93 350 8 93 0.1 23.33 Turkey 161 Prevenzione e Assistenza Dentale j ISSN 0393996 0.102 2 0 36 0 2 28 0.14 0 Italy 162 Stomatologiya j ISSN 0039173 0.102 8 90 320 0 8 319 0.01 0 Russian Federation 163 Oral Therapeutics and Pharmacology j ISSN 0288101 0.102 4 6 31 128 2 31 0 21.33 Japan 164 Journal of Japanese Dental Society of Anesthesiology j ISSN 0386583 0.101 3 63 217 458 2 217 0.01 7.27 Japan 165 Implantoprotetyka j ISSN 1640654 0.101 3 0 34 0 2 28 0 0 Poland 166 Giornale dell'Odontoiatra j ISSN 0393067 0.1 1 0 185 0 0 52 0 0 Italy 167 International Journal of Clinical Dentistry j ISSN 1939583 0.1 2 11 118 304 4 116 0.05 27.64 United States

Page 4