Water runoff from 2000 – 2009 Why Floods 50 km2 in Land use change from forest or With 13 rivers flowing through the city, it is important to plantations to private homes—many area of Bogor; same of which are built illegally—means that size as: understand how each flooding factor influences flood risk. rain runoff is not absorbed into the land and flows straight downstream.

×7,100 ×17 GBK Stadium Climate change in 7 hours 40% of Jakarta is below sea level Water runoff and faces rising sea levels (up to 500mm by 2050), tidal waves and High tides from rainfall. Extreme daily rainfall (like BOGOR Depok’s population is growing rapidly the 2014 flood) is more frequent. There is a maximum range of as people in Jakarta look for more 1+ meters between high tide and affordable housing. 20% of Depok Reservoirs low tide. High tides that coincide with residents are Jakarta workers. More 1900 2016 monsoons can breach seawalls and houses mean there is less natural land Reservoirs and lakes are vital for flood cause extreme flooding (like in 2007 that can absorb water and rain runoff prevention during the rainy season and when half of Jakarta flooded). flows more quickly downstream. water storage during the dry season. At the time of the Dutch there were 800 DEPOK reservoirs. Now there are only 200 reservoirs and dams: 1.1m Land Bogor 95 dams Bogor City 6 reservoirs subsidence Depok City 20 dams JKT Regency 37 dams Land subsidence may have the largest Tangerang City 8 reservoirs influence on future flood risk. 40% of JAKARTA District 14 dams Jakarta is sinking 3–10cm/year because Bekasi City 4 reservoirs of excessive groundwater extraction. DKI Jakarta 16 dams Many industries, companies and developers extract groundwater illegally. Drained delta Garbage 80% of reservoirs are now in disrepair, too shallow, or they have been turned Most of Jakarta was once a vast Urban waste within rivers and into areas for housing. swampland that has since been drained neighborhood gutters can block and covered with surfaces that do not floodgates and other city infrastructure 4.1m absorb water such as roads and housing. needed to control flooding. 5 million people Jakarta waste = have no clean 7,000 tons per day; water access = same as: or supply 40t 1974 2010 ×175 1970 2016 2015 1 year of cement Lapindo Design: Skye Morét production mudflow Increase Current catchment areas Ideal Construction of new homes and any land-use change are monitored to Solutions protect permeable surfaces (that allow Solutions water to soak into the ground). Natural areas—such as forests, riverbanks, and Jakarta can still reduce flood risk while lakes—along with existing reservoirs are maintaining the quality of forests, rivers, Normalization preserved to catch water and recharge groundwater. People collect and reuse coasts, and communities. Straightening the river rainwater for household tasks. Land-use Replacing the natural riverbank with change is unnecessary and evictions cement causes increased water runoff ? are reduced. that moves more quickly downstream. Reduce ground- 10 liter × 1 person Embanking with concrete 33% of 2015 1,000 liter × 100 people water pumping Pouring cement along rivers evictions (>2600 × × prevents water absorption and threat- families) occurred Water pipeline infrastructure now ens groundwater availability for local because of supports residential areas, businesses, residents who need it. normalization. and industry needs. Grey water is JKT recycled. Because the ground sediment 47%, or 9km, of the Ciliwung River has is naturally saturated with water, Jakarta 2010 future already been normalized of the 19km land subsidence has slowed. With less slated for normalization. sinking areas, flood risk is reduced and homes and businesses are safer. Naturalization Waste Land Rivers are no longer straightened and management reclamation the practice of applying cement along No reclamation Green zones the riverbank is discontinued. Rivers Jakarta has a sewage treatment plant The creation of artificial islands limits naturally absorb water into the sides Jakarta Bay reclamation no longer that improves water quality in the Bay The designation of ‘green zones’ water flow from Jakarta’s 13 rivers into of the riverbank, which slows water flow, blocks river flow into the sea and of Jakarta (only 2% of waste water is to increase water absorption mostly the sea, causing the pooling of sewage allows groundwater to recharge, and fisherman have full access to the managed in 2016). With a better affects the poor while the wealthy and increasing toxins in coastal waters. lowers flood risk. bay and marine resources. Jakarta’s management system, rivers are clean can build over existing reservoirs Reclamation also restricts fisherman coastal and river embankments are and water quality along the coast is and green areas. access to the sea and causes higher strengthened and flood risk is much improved. Small communities, such as coastal water levels that increase lower. Water quality in the Bay of kampongs, self-manage waste to reduce flood risk. Jakarta improves because rivers garbage buildup and clean rivers. flow with gravity to the sea. Terrible impacts on ? fisheries, flood risk, $$$ and the environment. 2016 future TOTAL EVICTIONS 2014 2015 × 4,667 families 8,145 families 25 locations 113 locations Rp 500 billion

Design: Skye Morét saved per year.