Iceland in figures 2001–2002

Published by Statistics Iceland and Ministry for Foreign Affairs January 2002

ISBN 9979-770-03-1 ISSN 1025-6903 Compilation and layout: Statistics Iceland Copies: 18,000 Cover photograph: Ímynd, Guðmundur Ingólfsson From Snæfellsnes © Statistics Iceland

Ministry for Foreign Affairs Rauðarárstíg 25 IS-150 Reykjavík Telephone: 560 9900 Fax: 562 2373 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.mfa.is

Web Sites of Icelandic Embassies and General Consulates

Embassy of Iceland, Berlin - www.iceland.org/de/ Embassy of Iceland, Brussels - www.iceland.org/be/ Embassy of Iceland, Copenhagen - www.iceland.org/dk/ Embassy of Iceland, Helsinki - www.iceland.org/fi/ Embassy of Iceland, London - www.iceland.org/uk/ Embassy of Iceland, Maputo - www.iceland.org/mo/ Embassy of Iceland, Moscow - www.iceland.org/ru/ Embassy of Iceland, Oslo - www.iceland.org/no/ Embassy of Iceland, Ottawa - www.iceland.org/ca/ Embassy of Iceland, Paris - www.iceland.org/fr/ Embassy of Iceland, Beijing - www.iceland.org/cn/ Embassy of Iceland, Stockholm - www.iceland.org/se/ Embassy of Iceland, Tokyo - www.iceland.org/jp/ Embassy of Iceland, Vienna - www.iceland.org/at/ Embassy of Iceland, Washington DC - www.iceland.org/us/ Consulate General of Iceland, New York - www.iceland.org/us/nyc/ Consulate General of Iceland, Winnipeg - www.iceland.org/ca/win/ Contents

Map of Iceland ...... 2 Geography and environment ...... 3 Population ...... 4 Labour market ...... 8 Agriculture ...... 10 Fishing and fish processing ...... 11 Manufacturing and construction ...... 13 Energy ...... 14 Tourism ...... 15 Transport and communications ...... 17 Prices and income ...... 18 Consumption ...... 19 National accounts ...... 20 External trade ...... 22 Public finance ...... 24 Money and credit ...... 25 Health and social affairs ...... 27 Education and culture ...... 28 Elections ...... 30 EEA ...... 31

Symbols used in this publication

“ sign of repetition – nil 0 less than half of the unit used · category not applicable … not available * preliminary or estimated data , thousand separator . decimal separator ISK Icelandic krónur

Map

Neskaupstaður

Eskifjörður

Seyðisfjörður

Egilsstaðir

Höfn

(Icelandic Geodetic Survey) Geodetic (Icelandic Landmælingar Íslands Landmælingar

Towns

Regional boundaries Regional

Austurland

Copyright © Copyright

Húsavík

Akureyri

Norðurland eystra Norðurland

Ólafsfjörður

Dalvík

Siglufjörður

Suðurland

Blönduós Sauðárkrókur

Norðurland vestra

Selfoss

Hveragerði

Vestmannaeyjar

Vesturland

Reykjavík

Borgarnes

Keflavík

Vestfirðir

Akranes Capital region Capital

Suðurnes

Ísafjörður

Stykkishólmur

Bolungarvík Ólafsvík

2 Geography and environment

Iceland 2001

Population 31 December 2000: 283,361 Religion: Lutheran Church of Iceland: 87.8% GDP per capita 2000 USD: 30,597 Municipalities 31 Dec. 2000: 124 Area of Iceland: 103,000 km² Vegetation: 23,805 km² Lakes: 2,757 km² Glaciers: 11,922 km² Wasteland: 64,538 km² Population per km²: 2.8 Coast line: 4,970 km Sea area within fishing limits: 758,000 km²

Temperature and precipitation, annual mean 1961–1990 Reykjavík Akureyri January JulyYear January July Year Temperature (°C) Mean 2000 4.5 0.7 11.5 4.2 0.7 12.3 Mean 1961–1990 4.3 -0.5 10.6 3.2 -2.2 10.5 Precipitation (mm) 2000 800 75 41 559 62 15 Mean 1961–1990 799 76 52 490 55 33

Mean temperature in Reykjavík and Akureyri 1961–1990

12

10

8

ºC 6 4

2

0

-2

-4 Jan. Feb. March April May June July August Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Reykjavík Akureyri

3 Population

Population and population projection Total Males Females Censuses 1703 50,358 22,867 27,491 1769 46,201 21,129 25,072 1801 47,240 21,550 25,690 1850 59,157 28,234 30,923 1901 78,470 37,583 40,887 1950 143,973 72,249 71,724

National Register of Persons, 1 December 1960 177,292 89,578 87,714 1970 204,578 103,441 101,137 1980 229,187 115,529 113,658 1985 242,089 121,672 120,417 1990 255,708 128,317 127,391 1994 266,783 133,781 133,002 1995 267,806 134,222 133,584 1996 269,727 135,176 134,551 1997 272,069 136,284 135,785 1998 275,264 137,874 137,390 1999 278,717 139,518 139,199 2000 282,849 141,596 141,253

Population projection 2010 305,354 152,676 152,678 2020 328,847 164,193 164,654 2030 349,119 173,933 175,186 2040 363,871 180,884 182,987

Population by sex and age 2000 Total% Males Females 31 December Total 283,361 100.0 141,870 141,491 0–14 years 65,861 23.2 33,688 32,173 15–64 years 184,709 65.2 93,397 91,312 65 years and over 32,791 11.6 14,785 18,006

4 Population

Population changes Averages 1986–1990 1991–1995 2000 Live births 4,415 4,497 4,315 Deaths 1,712 1,782 1,823 Infant deaths (under 1 year) 27 22 13 Births in excess of deaths 2,704 2,716 2,492 Immigration 3,278 3,038 5,203 Emigration 3,149 3,363 3,489 Net immigration 129 -326 1,714 Population increase 2,724 2,420 4,312 Marriages 1,203 1,249 1,777 Marriages dissolved 1,159 1,198 1,203 Death of spouse 673 683 658 Divorce 487 515 545 Registered partnerships ··12 Per 1,000 population Population increase 11.0 9.2 15.2 Births in excess of deaths 10.8 10.3 8.8 Net immigration 0.5 -1.2 6.0 Marriages 4.8 4.7 6.3 Marriages dissolved 4.6 4.6 4.2 Divorce 2.0 2.0 1.9 Live births 17.7 17.1 15.2 Deaths 6.9 6.8 6.4 Per 1,000 live births Infant deaths (under 1 year) 6.0 4.8 3.0 Fertility Total fertility rate 2.161 2.169 2.076

Average expected lifetime 0 years 15 years 50 year 80 year 1921–1930 Males 56.2 47.6 23.0 6.2 Females 61.0 52.4 25.9 7.2 1999–2000 Males 77.6 63.1 30.0 7.5 Females 81.4 66.7 32.6 8.4

5 Population

Population by region 1 December 1910 1950 2000 Whole country 85,183 143,973 282,849 Capital region 15,006 65,555 174,991 Reykjavík 11,600 56,251 111,345 Kópavogur … 1,647 23,518 Hafnarfjörður 1,547 5,087 19,640 Suðurnes 2,589 5,093 16,500 Vesturland 10,268 9,975 14,266 Vestfirðir 13,386 11,166 8,144 Norðurland vestra 9,012 10,264 9,424 Norðurland eystra 11,959 18,368 26,471 Akureyri 2,239 7,711 15,385 Austurland 9,713 9,705 11,930 Suðurland 13,250 13,847 21,123 Localities with 200 inhabitants or over 28,930 108,739 261,104 Minor localities and rural areas 56,253 35,234 21,745

See map p. 2.

Population 31 December 2000 by sex and age

100 years and over 95–99 years 90–94 years 85–89 years 80–84 years Males Females 75–79 years 70–74 years 65–69 years 60–64 years 55–59 years 50–54 years 45–49 years 40–44 years 35–39 years 30–34 years 25–29 years 20–24 years 15–19 years 10–14 years 5–9 years 0–4 years 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 5,000 10,000 15,000

Single Consensual union Married Divorced or seperate domiciles Widowed

6 Population

Population by citizenship 1 December 1980 1990 2000 1 Population, total 228,785 255,855 283,361 Icelanders 225,545 251,043 274,537 Other nationalities 3,240 4,812 8,824 Nordic 1,360 1,578 1,676 Other European 2 886 1,698 4,472 American 731 861 913 African 38 125 265 Asian 114 404 1,431 Oceanian 104 144 59 Stateless ––6 Unspecified 7 2 2 1 31 December. 2 Thereof 1,587 from EEA 2000.

Deaths by main cause of death 1997 Total Per 100,000 population Deaths, total 1,843 680.3 Neoplasms 532 196.4 Mental and behavioural disorders 68 25.1 Diseases of the circulatory system 758 279.8 Diseases of the respiratory system 185 68.3 Diseases of the digestive system 45 16.6 External causes of injury and poisoning 104 38.4 Other 151 55.7

1 Per 100,000 live births.

Deaths by sex and age 2000 Total Males Females Deaths, total 1,823 906 917 In 1st year 13 10 3 1–44 years 113 86 27 45–64 years 252 137 115 65 years and over 1,445 673 772 Deaths per 1,000 population Deaths, total 6.4 6.4 6.5 In 1st year per 1,000 live births 3.0 4.6 1.4

7 Labour market

Labour force participation and unemployment Participation Unemployment 2000 Labour force rate, % rate, % Total 160,100 83.5 2.3 16–24 years 29,400 79.2 4.7 25–54 years 105,600 92.2 1.7 55–74 years 25,100 62.7 2.0 Males total 85,100 87.9 1.8 16–24 years 14,800 77.4 5.7 25–54 years 55,800 96.1 1.1 55–74 years 14,500 73.9 0.7 Females total 75,000 79.0 2.9 16–24 years 14,700 81.1 3.6 25–54 years 49,700 88.2 2.5 55–74 years 10,600 51.8 3.8

Employed persons by industry 2000 Total Males Females Employed persons, total 156,400 83,600 72,800 % of total Agriculture 8.3 11.7 4.4 Agriculture 4.4 5.3 3.3 Fishing 3.9 6.4 1.1 Industry 23.0 33.5 11.0 Fish processing 4.3 4.5 4.1 Manufacturing except fish processing 11.2 15.7 6.0 Electricity & water supply 0.8 1.2 0.4 Construction 6.7 12.1 0.5 Services 68.7 54.8 84.7 Wholesale, retail trade, repairs 14.0 13.8 14.3 Hotels, restaurants 4.1 3.7 4.6 Transport, communication 6.8 7.5 6.0 Financial intermediation 4.2 3.2 5.5 Real estate & business activities 8.3 9.4 7.0 Public administration 4.5 4.5 4.4 Education 6.3 3.2 9.8 Health services, social work 13.2 3.3 24.6 Other services and n.s. 7.3 6.2 8.6

8 Labour market

Average hours of work per week 1991 1995 2000 Employed total 43.8 42.9 43.8 Males 51.3 50.0 50.9 Females 34.5 34.5 35.5 Full-time employed 51.2 50.2 50.6 Males 53.9 53.3 54.1 Females 45.4 44.0 44.1

Registered unemployment by sex 1990–2000

3,500

3,000

2,500

2,000

1,500 Number

1,000

500

0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Males Females

Unemployment by age 1993–2000 12

10

8

6 % 4

2

0 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

16–24 years 25–64 years 65–74 years

9 Agriculture

Production of field crops 1990 1995 2000 Total hey yield, m³ 3,256,405 2,503,564 2,363,342 Potatoes, tonnes 14,893 7,324 9,843 Cereal grains, tonnes … 485 3,041 Turnips, tonnes 808 328 795 Tomatoes, tonnes 495 810 931 Cucumber, tonnes 534 623 831

Livestock 1990 1995 2000 Cattle 74,889 73,199 72,135 Sheep 548,508 458,341 465,777 Horses 71,693 78,202 73,995 Pigs 3,116 3,726 3,862 Hens 214,900 164,400 193,097

Meat production and processed milk Tonnes 1990 1995 2000 Mutton and lamb 9,454 8,690 9,735 Beef 2,932 3,061 3,626 Pork 2,533 3,330 4,783 Poultry 1,520 1,952 3,051 Processed milk, thous. litres 107,011 102,864 104,025

Annual consumption of meat per capita 1990–2000 35

30

25

20

15 kíló á íbúa 10

5

0 Mutton and lamb Beef Pork Poultry

1990 1995 2000

10 Fishing and fish processing

Fish catch by species 1990 1995 2000 Total catch, tonnes 1,502,445 1,563,118 1,890,153 Demersal fish catch 620,036 423,450 460,326 Cod 333,663 168,684 234,386 Saithe 95,019 60,060 41,274 Haddock 66,030 47,466 32,960 Redfish 94,849 118,748 116,246 Catfish 14,437 12,544 14,968 Other demersal catch 16,038 15,948 20,492 Flatfish 54,429 52,738 29,072 Herring 90,338 284,473 280,270 Capelin 693,740 715,551 892,404 Shrimp 29,834 76,044 24,035 Other 14,068 10,862 204,046 Total value, million ISK 47,352 50,318 57,858 % of total Demersal fish catch 75.1 55.7 74.8 Cod 42.5 23.7 45.6 Flatfish 9.2 14.2 7.9 Herring and capelin 7.4 10.7 9.9 Shrimp 6.6 18.3 4.6 Other 1.7 1.1 2.8

Included in the total catch are Icelandic catches in distant waters, in the Barent Sea the Flemish Cap and off Eastern Greenland.

Quantity and value of fish catch 2000

70

60

50

40 % 30

20

10

0 Cod Other demersal catchFlatfish Herring and capelin Shrimp and other catch

Quantity Value

11 Fishing and fish processing

Exports of marine products 1995 % 2000 % Exports total, tonnes 604,210 100.0 725,492 100.0 Frozen products 224,425 37.1 206,799 28.5 Salted fish (excl. herring) 49,942 8.3 57,820 8.0 Fresh and chilled fish 47,834 7.9 110,500 15.2 Stockfish 6,095 1.0 10,155 1.4 Meal and oil 263,600 43.6 329,999 45.5 Other products 12,315 2.0 10,219 1.4 Total fob-value, million ISK 83,873 100.0 94,498 100.0 Frozen products 53,687 64.0 50,385 53.3 Salted fish (excl. herring) 13,433 16.0 19,555 20.7 Fresh and chilled fish 6,823 8.1 11,289 11.9 Stockfish 669 0.8 1,246 1.3 Meal and oil 8,038 9.6 10,849 11.5 Other products 1,224 1.5 1,174 1.2

Value of fish catch by species 1998–2000 25.000

20.000

15.000

10.000 Million ISK

5.000

0 CodOther Flatfish Herring Other catch demersal catch and capelin 1998 1999 2000

12 Manufacturing and construction

Production of some manufactured goods Thous. tonnes 1990 1995 2000 Cement 110.6 76.2 131.3 Aluminium 86.8 100.1 219.5 Diatomite 24.9 28.1 28.3 Ferro-silicon 62.8 70.3 70.9

Completed buildings 1990 2000 Number Thous. m3 Number Thous. m3 Residential buildings Total 1,758 783 1,258 572 Capital region 1,160 525 967 440 Non-residential buildings1 Total 552 1,006 … 1,299 Agriculture 219 128 … 108 Fishing industry 23 35 … 118 Other manufacture and commerce 188 526 … 874 Social and personal services 18 21 … 12 Various public activities 104 295 … 186

1 2000 figures are from 1997.

Completed dwellings 1990–2000 2,000

1,500

1,000 Number

500

0 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Whole country Capital region

13 Energy

Gross energy consumption by source 2000 PJ % Gross energy consumption, total 137.2 100.0 Domestic energy 96.8 70.6 Hydro energy 22.9 16.7 Geothermal energy 73.9 53.9 Imported energy 40.4 29.4 Oil 36.5 26.6 Coal 4.0 2.9

Notes: 1,000 tonnes of oil equivalent = 11.63 GWh. PJ petajoule= 1015 J equals 23.800 tonnes of oil

Annual generation of electricity in public power plants GWh 1990 1995 2000 Annual generation of electricity 4,447 4,977 7,676 Hydro energy 4,159 4,678 6,352 Geothermal energy 283 290 1,323 Oil 6 8 4 kWh per capita 17,455 18,613 27,303

Gross consumption of electricity Total Ordinary Power-intensive Thereof GWh consumption consumption industries Aluminium plants

1960 536 397 139 – 1970 1,460 705 755 642 1980 3,143 1,445 1,698 1,280 1985 3,837 1,834 2,003 1,287 1990 4,447 2,218 2,229 1,509 1995 4,977 2,480 2,497 1,702 2000 7,676 2,783 4,893 3,767

14 Tourism

Passengers through Icelandic airports 1990 1995 2000 Keflavík airport Passengers, total 735,064 930,486 1,455,705 From Iceland 271,888 345,066 536,506 To Iceland 271,592 342,921 539,639 Transit 191,584 242,499 379,560 Other airports Passengers, total1 689,975 766,535 917,129 Scheduled flights 625,740 691,000 860,209 Non-scheduled flights 62,275 73,618 55,631 Ambulance flights 1,960 1,917 1,289

1 Passengers are counted both on departure and arrival.

Passengers arriving in Iceland by citizenship 1990 1995 2000 Passengers, total 283,772 355,340 586,263 Icelanders 142,054 165,544 283,350 Foreigners 141,718 189,796 302,913 From: Nordic countries 48,813 59,193 91,583 Germany 20,638 36,840 32,664 United Kingdom 13,745 17,520 45,106 France 10,021 9,142 14,955 Other European countries 21,065 29,757 47,541 North America 23,756 29,783 57,306 Central and South America 377 621 1,375 Africa 360 420 985 Asia 2,231 5,881 9,189 Oceania 685 589 2,275 Stateless 27 50 44

15 Tourism

Overnight stays in hotels and guesthouses 1990 1995 2000 Number of overnight stays 644,867 844,070 1,186,455 Foreigners, % of total 65.1 70.9 75.4 From: Germany 11.7 19.3 12.7 Denmark 5.5 5.1 5.2 Sweden 9.7 6.6 7.0 United Kingdom 7.7 6.4 10.6 U.S.A. 5.4 5.1 9.6

Available accommodation in hotels and guesthouses Seasons 2000 Total 1–59 beds 60 beds and over Number of establishments January–April 133 96 37 May–August 244 183 61 September–December 159 120 39 Number of rooms January–April 3,819 1,339 2,480 May–August 6,045 2,414 3,631 September–December 4,205 1,649 2,556

Passengers from abroad 1970–2000

600,000

500,000

400,000

300,000

200,000

100,000

19701975 19801985 19901991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Passengers, total Foreignersr

16 Transport and communications

Registered vessels 1 January 2001 Number Gross tonnages Vessels, total 1,067 222,827 Stern trawlers 84 82,901 Other fishing vessels 812 94,151 Merchant fleet 38 11,962 Other vessels 133 33,813

Registered motor vehicles 31 December 1990 1995 2000 Passenger cars 119,731 119,232 158,936 Buses 1,328 1,295 1,673 Lorries and vans 13,122 14,757 19,432 Motorcycles 1,535 1,372 1,640 Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants 468 445 562

Road traffic accidents 19901995 2000 Persons killed or injured 881 1,655 1,197 Persons killed 24 24 32 Persons with minor injuries 646 1,392 1,001 Persons with major injuries 211 239 164 Per 100,000 inhabitants Persons killed or injured 346 619 422 Of whom killed 9.4 9.0 11.3

Post and telecommunications 1990 1995 2000 Post Post offices 123 110 94 Postal deliveries, thous. 62,978 71,243 101,659 Telecommunications Main telephone lines 1 130,472 148,675 196,984 NMT subscriptions 10,010 21,181 27,268 GSM subscriptions · 9,702 187,628 Per 1,000 population, main 510 556 695 Per 1,000 population, GSM ··662 1 In 1990 and 1995, telephone numbers.

17 Prices and income

Consumer price index Average change Average change from previous year, % from previous year, % 1983 84.3 1992 3.7 1984 29.2 1993 4.1 1985 32.4 1994 1.5 1986 21.3 1995 1.7 1987 18.8 1996 2.3 1988 25.2 1997 1.8 1989 21.1 1998 1.7 1990 14.8 1999 3.4 1991 6.8 2000 5.1

Breakdown of household consumption % March 1997 March 2001 Total 100.0 100.0 Food and non-alcoholic beverages 17.0 16.8 Alcoholic beverages and tobacco 3.2 3.3 Clothing and footwear 6.5 5.2 Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels 17.3 18.5 Furnishing and household equipment 5.9 5.2 Health 3.2 3.9 Transport 15.8 18.0 Communications 1.3 4.0 Recreation and culture 14.2 12.4 Educational services 1.0 1.0 Hotels, cafés and restaurants 5.3 5.4 Other goods and services 9.3 6.3

Income from employment according to tax returns Average income, thous. ISK 19931995 2000 Total 1,183 1,272 1,968 Married males 2,051 2,218 3,290 Married females 850 937 1,526 Couples, married or cohabiting 2,669 2,899 4,462 Single persons 863 921 1,491 Males, total 1,568 1,682 2,546 Females, total 806 875 1,407

18 Consumption

Consumption of some food articles Kilos 1990 1995 2000 Butter 6.5 5.9 4.9 Meat 71.7 68.6 77.7 Potatoes 50.2 47.0 47.3 Coffee 7.5 6.9 7.1 Sugar 54.9 54.6 51.2 Fish 43.2 46.7 46.9 Milk, litres 205.6 194.9 182.8 Soft drinks, litres 119.1 125.7 162.9

Consumption of alcoholic beverages per inhabitant 15 years and over Litres 1990 1995 2000 Beer 33.83 40.48 60.51 Wine 6.14 6.43 11.67 Spirits 7.06 5.34 4.54 Consumption of pure alcohol 5.24 4.76 6.14

Consumption of alcoholic beverages 1990–2000 Litres of pure alcohol per inhabitant 15 years and over 7

6

5

4

3

2 Litres of pure alcohol of pure Litres 1

0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Beer Wine Spirits

19 National accounts

Economic growth Volume changes, Average Average Per capita annual % growth of GDP population increase growth of GDP 1955–1965 5.0 2.0 3.0 1965–1975 4.3 1.3 3.0 1975–1985 4.3 1.0 3.2 1985–1990 3.2 1.1 2.1 1990–1995 0.5 1.0 -0.5 1995-2000 4.8 1.0 3.8 1999 4.0 1.2 3.1 2000 5.0 1.5 3.5 1955–2000 4.0 1.3 2.7

Gross domestic product and gross national product Current prices, million ISK 1990 1995 20001 National expenditure, total 363,496 434,847 720,229 Private final consumption exp. 218,091 258,215 398,740 Government final cons. exp. 73,055 98,961 158,329 Gross fixed capital formation 76,596 75,386 160,666 Increase in stocks -4,247 2,285 2,494 Export of goods and services 124,937 161,250 232,071 Less: Import of goods and services 119,959 144,725 278,640 Gross domestic production 368,474 451,372 673,660 Net factor income from the rest of the world -12,481 -12,826 -19,781 Gross national product 355,993 438,546 653,879

1 Preliminary data.

Economic growth 1985–2000

10

8

6

4 % 2

0

-2

-4 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

20 National accounts

Gross domestic factor income by industries % 1990 1995 20001 Agriculture and fishing 12.7 12.2 7.7 Agriculture 2.7 2.3 1.8 Fishing 10.0 9.9 5.9 Manufacturing 16.7 16.6 17.0 Fish processing 4.9 4.9 4.0 Other manufacturing 11.8 11.6 12.9 Electricity and water supply 4.2 4.4 4.9 Construction 8.9 7.6 9.0 Trade, restaurants and hotels 13.2 13.4 14.1 Transport and communication 8.0 8.3 9.0 Finance, insurance, real estate, etc. 18.5 18.0 19.8 Community, social and personal services 5.6 6.0 5.4 Total industries 87.9 86.6 86.8 Producers of government services 13.4 14.7 14.4 Private non-profit producers 3.8 3.7 3.7 Less: Imputed bank service charge -5.1 -5.0 -4.9 Gross domestic factor income, total 100.0 100.0 100.0

1 Estimated data.

Balance on current acount Million ISK 19951998 2000 Merchandise exports, fob 116,607 136,598 149,273 Service receipts 44,643 67,134 82,798 Merchandise imports, fob -103,251 -161,651 -186,755 Service expenditures -41,474 -68,444 -91,885 Balance on goods and services 16,525 -26,363 -46,569 Interest and other factor income -12,148 -6,041 -19,781 Current transfers, net -306 -1,003 -762 Balance on current account 4,071 -33,407 -67,112 Percent of GDP Balance on current account 0.9 -6.0 -10.0

21 External trade

Foreign trade by market area Exports fob Imports 2000 million ISK% million ISK % Total 149,273 100.0 203,222 100.0 EEA 107,350 71.9 132,475 65.2 Austria 170 0.1 1,186 0.6 Belgium 2,232 1.5 3,083 1.5 Denmark 6,311 4.2 16,153 7.9 Finland 918 0.6 2,872 1.4 France 6,845 4.6 7,586 3.7 Germany 24,510 16.4 24,098 11.9 Greece 960 0.6 99 0.0 Ireland 316 0.2 2,859 1.4 Italy 2,196 1.5 6,130 3.0 Liechtenstein – – 9 0.0 Luxembourg 32 0.0 172 0.1 Netherlands 11,545 7.7 15,237 7.5 Norway 5,940 4.0 16,512 8.1 Portugal 8,439 5.7 1,312 0.6 Spain 6,792 4.5 3,534 1.7 Sweden 1,325 0.9 13,408 6.6 United Kingdom 28,820 19.3 18,226 9.0 Other European countries 7,735 5.2 14,767 7.3 United States 18,162 12.2 22,314 11.0 Japan 7,815 5.2 10,040 4.9 Other countries 8,211 5.5 23,627 11.6

Foreign trade by market area 2000 80

70

60 50

% 40

30

20 10

0 EEA United States Japan Other countries Exports Imports

22 External trade

Exports (fob) by origin % 1981–85 1991–95 2000 Marine products 72.6 77.1 63.3 Agricultural products 1.5 1.8 1.7 Manufacturing products 24.2 18.4 31.3 Other 1.7 2.7 3.7

Imports (cif) by broad economic categories % 1990 1995 2000 Food and beverages 8.2 10.3 8.3 Industrial supplies 27.2 28.7 24.0 Fuels and lubricants 9.7 7.1 9.1 Capital goods (except transp. equipm.) 17.9 20.6 23.1 Transport equipment 17.7 12.2 16.6 Consumer goods 19.3 21.1 18.9

Balance of trade Balance % Million ISK Exports fob Imports fob of trade of GDP 1990 92,625 88,085 4,540 1.3 1995 116,607 103,539 13,068 2.9 1999 144,928 167,778 -22,850 -3.6 2000 149,273 187,276 -38,003 -5.7

Balance of trade as a percentage of GDP 1991–2000 6

4

2

% 0

-2

-4

-6 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

23 Public finance

Public sector finances Million ISK 1990 1995 1998 1. Current revenue 131,737 163,562 220,840 % of current revenue Tax revenue 93.1 92.4 94.1 Direct taxes 32.6 41.6 44.6 Indirect taxes 60.5 50.8 49.5 Interest 4.3 4.2 3.4 Miscellaneous 2.6 3.4 2.5 2. Current expenditure 125,044 163,828 198,216 % of current expenditure Public consumption 58.4 60.4 64.5 Interest 11.0 12.2 10.7 Current transfers 30.6 27.4 24.9 3. Balance on current account (1.-2.) 6,694 -267 22,624 4. Capital balance -18,799 -13,130 -19,796 5. Revenue balance (3.+4.) -12,106 -13,396 2,829 Percentage of GDP Total revenue 37.7 38.6 40.5 Tax revenue 33.3 33.5 36.0 Direct taxes 11.7 15.1 17.1 Indirect taxes 21.6 18.4 18.9 Other revenue 4.4 5.1 4.6 Total expenditure 41.0 41.6 40.1 Public consumption 19.8 21.9 22.1 Interest 3.7 4.4 3.7 Current transfers 10.4 10.0 8.5 Capital expenditure 7.0 5.3 5.7

Public sector expenditure by function % of GDP 19901995 1998

Total expenditure 41.0 41.6 40.1 General administration 3.2 3.3 3.4 Social affairs 22.3 24.2 24.2 Education 4.8 4.9 5.8 Health 6.8 6.9 7.0 Social security and welfare 7.7 9.0 8.1 Housing, planning and sanitary affairs 0.8 1.0 0.9 Cultural affairs 2.1 2.3 2.4 Industries 8.5 6.3 5.7 Interest 3.7 4.4 3.7 Other expenditure 1.5 1.2 1.1 24 Money and credit

Summary of the accounts of the banking system Position at year end 1990 1995 2000 Foreign assets, net -11.321 -7,873 -185,109 Foreign assets, short-term, net 25,791 21,402 39,461 Foreign liabilities unacc. for elsewhere -37,112 -29,275 -224,630 Total lending 181,357 237,513 694,407 Money supply M1 (notes, coins plus demand deposits) 24,644 38,316 72,267 M2 (M1 + gen. savings deposits.) 105,731 111,109 131,743 M3 (M2 + time deposits) 129,802 171,656 298,147 M4 (M3 + securities) 147,255 195,751 465,845

Long-term foreign debt Position at year end, million ISK 1990 1995 2000 Long-term foreign debt, total 166,153 233,025 585,554 General government 86,201 113,922 130,408 Financial institutions 63,399 55,866 317,414 Industries 16,553 63,237 137,732 Total debt as percentage of GDP 46.4 51.9 81.9 Export revenue 124.6 140.4 224.4 Debt service burden as percentage of export revenue 19.2 28.2 36.1 Amortization 8.8 19.4 26.3 Interest 10.4 8.8 9.8

Long-term foreign debt as percentage of GDP and export revenue 1987–2000 240

200 % of export revenue 160 % 120

80 % of GDP

40

0 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 25 Money and credit

Deposits and lending of deposit money banks Position at year end 1990 1995 2000 Total deposits, million ISK 126,745 166,487 290,966 Percent distribution National Bank 37.7 35.9 28.3 Íslandsbanki 22.4 21.0 23.0 Agricultural Bank 21.5 20.6 23.2 Savings banks 16.8 20.9 24.7 Others 1.7 1.6 0.8 Total lending1, million ISK 136,539 215,088 693,297 Percent distribution National Bank 39.9 39.9 28.4 Íslandsbanki 24.1 19.2 34.5 Agricultural Bank 18.9 18.7 17.8 Savings banks 17.8 21.4 19.1 Others 1.3 1.1 0.3 Less interbank credit -2.0 -0.3 -0.2

1 Excluding relent foreign credit 1990.

Central Bank selling rates of foreign currencies ISK Year end 2000 End of November 2001 U.S. dollar 84.93 107.48 Pound sterling 126.59 152.99 Canadian dollar 56.61 68.06 Danish krone 10.59 12.81 Norwegian krone 9.59 11.99 Swedish krona 8.95 10.07 Finnish markka 13.30 16.03 French franc 12.05 14.53 Belgian franc 1.96 2.36 Swiss franc 51.90 64.78 Netherlands guilder 35.88 43.26 Deutsche Mark 40.43 48.74 Italian lira 0.04 0.05 Austrian schilling 5.75 6.93 Portugese escudo 0.39 0.48 Spanish peseta 0.48 0.57 Japanese yen 0.74 0.87 Irish pound 100.40 121.05 SDR 110.70 135.85 Euro 79.07 95.33

26 Health and social affairs

Social protection expenditure 1999 Million ISK % Total expenditure 119,079 100.0 Families and children 14,178 11.9 Unemployment insurance and unemployment agencies 2,160 1.8 Health insurance 46,612 39.1 Old age 33,039 27.7 Disability 14,090 11.8 Survivors 3,467 2.9 Housing 772 0.6 Other social benefits 2,761 2.3 Administration costs 2,000 1.7

Health professionals and hospitals Number 19901995 1999 Physicians and surgeons 726 809 938 Nurses 1,793 2,035 2,216 Dentists 230 270 278 Per 1,000 population Physicians and surgeons 2.8 3.0 3.4 Nurses 7.0 7.6 7.9 Dentists 0.9 1.0 1.0

Recipients of social security benefits Type of benefits 2000 TotalMales Females Retirement pension 25,175 10,805 14,370 Disability pension 9,329 3,656 5,673 Income supplement 21,193 9,230 11,963 Income supplement for disability pensioners 7,914 3,278 4,636 Disability allowance 944 292 652 Child pension 3,965 838 3,127 Maternity/paternity benefits 6,518 1,421 5,097 Per-diem parent benefits 6,045 1,419 4,626

27 Education and culture

Pupils/students by education level 2000 Number of pupils Compulsory education, 1st–7th grade (age 6–12 years) 31,786 Thereof 6 year-olds 4,435 Compulsory education, 8th–10th grade (age 13–15 years) 11,858 Secondary education 20,256 Higher education 10,543 Studying abroad (Applicants to the Students Loan Fund) 1,706

Children in daycare institutions % of age groups 19901995 2000 Children in daycare institutions, total 0–5 years 41.5 53.4 56.4 0–2 years 14.3 22.7 21.6 3–5 years 73.4 83.1 90.9 In pre-primary institutions 4–6 hours 0–5 years 30.3 37.4 25.9 0–2 years 7.6 14.6 10.5 3–5 years 56.8 60.3 41.3 In pre-primary institutions 7–9 hours 0–5 years 11.3 16.0 30.6 0–2 years 6.8 8.1 11.2 3–5 years 16.5 21.5 49.6

Books, newspapers and periodicals 1990 1995 1999 Books published, total 1,593 1,601 1,866 Books 1,101 1,046 1,174 Booklets 492 555 692 Thereof literary works 476 427 430 Periodicals, total 562 958 1,020 General-interest newspapers, total 64 118 104 Dailies 6 5 3 Non-dailies 58 113 101

28 Education and culture

Radio and television 1990 1995 2000 Radio programme services 14 18 26 Broadcasting time in hours 62,884 88,547 148,414 Terrestrial television stations 2 6 9 Broadcasting time in hours 6,685 16,995 49,926 Percentage of households equipped with: 1 Television 99.1 97.4 … Radio 99.4 99.2 … Video 67.5 79.3 … 1 Household Budget Surveys.

Cinemas in Reykjavík 1990 1995 2000 Cinemas 6 6 7 Cinema halls 22 23 26 Seat capacity 5,472 5,841 6,210 Showings per week 628 665 … Attendance (in thous.) 1,235 1,209 1,391 Attendance per capita 1 8.5 7.6 8.0 Premiers of feature films 179 189 164 Icelandic 2 7 6

1 Figures refer to the capital region.

Professional theatres 1990/1991 1998/1999 1999/2000 Theatres, total 4 8 9 Stages 6 11 12 Works performed 26 66 98 Plays 14 44 70 Performances 798 1,494 1,516 Audience 193,935 314,520 271,403

29 Elections

Results of elections to the Althingi, 8 May 1999 Valid votes % Members elected Total 165,727 100.0 63 Independence Party 67,513 40.7 26 The Alliance 44,378 26.8 17 Progressive Party 30,415 18.4 12 The Left-Green Movement 15,115 9.1 6 The Liberal Party 6,919 4.2 2 Others and outside parties 1,387 0.8 –

Elected members to the Althingi Elections 8 May 1999 Total Males Females Elected members, total 63 41 22 Constituencies Reykjavík19109 Reykjanes 12 6 6 Vesturland 5 4 1 Vestfirðir 5 5 – Norðurland vestra 5 5 – Norðurland eystra 6 4 2 Austurland 5 3 2 Suðurland 6 4 2

Results of presidential elections 29 June 1996 Valid votes % Total 165,233 100.0 Ástþór Magnússon Wium 4,422 2.7 Guðrún Agnarsdóttir 43,578 26.4 Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson 68,370 41.4 Pétur Kr. Hafstein 48,863 29.5

30 EEA

European Economic Area Population 1 January 2000 under 15 Average expected Total area population years of age lifetime 1 1,000 km2 in thous. as % of total Males Females EEA, total 3,667 381,220 17.0 …… Iceland 103 279 23.3 77.8 81.5 Liechtenstein 0 32 18.8 …… Norway 324 4,479 20.0 75.6 81.1 EU 3,240 376,430 16.9 …… Austria 84 8,103 16.8 75.1 81.0 Belgium 31 10,239 17.6 74.8 81.4 Denmark 43 5,330 18.4 74.2 79.0 Finland 338 5,141 18.2 73.8 81.0 France 549 59,226 18.9 74.7 82.2 Germany 357 82,164 15.8 74.5 80.5 Greece 132 10,546 15.2 75.4 80.4 Ireland 70 3,777 21.9 73.9 79.1 Italy 301 57,680 14.4 75.7 81.6 Luxembourg 3 436 18.9 74.7 81.2 Netherlands 41 15,864 18.6 75.3 80.5 Portugal 92 9,998 16.7 72.0 79.1 Spain 505 39,442 15.1 75 82.0 Sweden 450 8,861 18.5 77.1 81.9 United Kingdom 244 59,623 19.0 75.0 79.8

1 Figures are for 1998 or 1999.

Source: Council of Europe.

31 EEA

European Economic Area (cont.) Number of Growth of Unemploy- passenger cars GDP ment, % Inflation, % per 1,000 20001 2000 20002 inhab. 1998 EEA ………… Iceland 5.0 2.3 5.0 513 Liechtenstein ………646 Norway 2.3 3.4 3.1 403 EU 2.9 8.2 2.0 445 Austria 3.2 3.7 1.8 481 Belgium 4.0 7.0 2.5 441 Denmark 3.2 5.5 0.8 403 Finland 4.0 4.7 3.1 343 France 3.1 9.8 3.5 392 Germany 3.0 9.5 1.5 459 Greece 4.1 11.1 3.0 251 Ireland 11.5 3.0 2.8 390 Italy3 2.9 4.2 4.6 323 Luxembourg 8.5 10.5 2.9 571 Netherlands 3.9 2.4 3.1 594 Portugal 3.3 4.1 2.9 425 Spain 4.1 14.1 3.6 408 Sweden 3.6 5.9 0.9 428 United Kingdom 3.1 7.9 1.3 508

1 Preliminary data. 2 Harmonized indices of consumer prices (HICP). 3 Figure for passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants is from 1996.

32 A Selection of Useful Web Sites in Iceland

Government Ministry for Foreign Affairs - www.mfa.is MFA Overseas Business Service - www.vur.is Government Offices of Iceland - www.government.is Parliament of Iceland - www.althingi.is Statistics Iceland - www.statice.is Directorate of Customs - www.tollur.is Directorate of Immigration - www.utl.is Business-Industry-Labour Central Bank of Iceland - www.sedlabanki.is National Economic Institute - www.ths.is Trade Council of Iceland - www.icetrade.is Invest in Iceland Agency - www.invest.is Iceland Chamber of Commerce - www.chamber.is Iceland Stock Exchange - www.vi.is Federation of Icelandic Industries - www.si.is Information Centre of the Ministry of Fisheries - www.fisheries.is National Energy Authority - www.os.is Icelandic Federation of Labour - www.asi.is Confederation of Icelandic Employers - www.vsi.is Culture-Education-Science CultureNet Iceland - www.menning.is Icelandic Literature - www.bokmenntir.is SagaNet - www.sagnanet.is Reykjavík Arts Festival - www.artfest.is National Museum of Iceland - www.natmus.is Icelandic National Gallery - www.listasafn.is Reykjavík Art Museum - www.reykjavik.is/listasafn Nordic House - www.nordice.is National and University Library of Iceland - www.bok.hi.is Iceland Symphony Orchestra - www.sinfonia.is Icelandic Film Fund - www.iff.is University of Iceland - www.hi.is University of Akureyri - www.unak.is Reykjavík University - www.ru.is Iceland Academy of the Arts - www.lhi.is Marine Research Institute - www.hafro.is Icelandic Research Council - www.rannis.is Icelandic Fisheries Laboratories - www.rfisk.is Tourism Icelandic Tourist Board - www.icetourist.is Iceland Naturally - www.icelandnaturally.com Tourist Reykjavik - tourist.reykjavik.is