A Letter from 1,293 Scientists with Expertise in Biological Systems to the Senate Concerning Science and the Endangered Species Act

March 30, 2011

Dear Senators:

As scientists with expertise in biological systems, we are writing to urge you to vote against any legislation that would undercut the use of best available science as the basis for adding or removing any particular species from the protection of the Endangered Species Act. Allowing Congress to remove or add protections for particular species would set a dangerous precedent, as the fate of every species on the endangered species list (or any candidate for that list) would then be subject to political interference.

Because of its strong scientific foundation, the Endangered Species Act is the most critical and successful law for ensuring the protection of threatened and endangered wildlife in our country. Objective scientific information and methods should be used in listing or delisting species, subspecies, and distinct population segments as endangered or threatened. While non-scientific factors may appropriately be considered at points later in the process, their use in listing decisions is inconsistent with the biologically defensible principles of the Endangered Species Act.

We are aware that there are legislative attempts to remove individual species from the Endangered Species Act. For example, congressional proposals to delist the gray wolf forgo scientific determination of whether the species, or populations of the species, have recovered and whether sufficient regulatory mechanisms are in place to ensure the species’ survival. In the northern Rocky Mountains the return of wolves has restored key predator-prey dynamics in and around Yellowstone National Park that have resulted in changes throughout the entire . To remove protections for wolves before the best available science tells us recovery is ensured would place one of our country’s greatest conservation success stories at risk.

Biological diversity provides food, fiber, medicines, clean water, and myriad other ecosystem products and services on which we depend every day. To undermine the careful and thoughtful scientific process that determines whether a species is endangered or recovered would jeopardize not only the species in question and the continued success of the Endangered Species Act, but the very foundation of the that sustain us all.

We strongly urge you to oppose any legislation that circumvents the use of best available science in Endangered Species Act decision making.

Respectfully,

[Signers listed alphabetically by state]

Please note that institutions are listed for identification purposes only. Alabama

Michael Barbour, M.S. Susan Hunter Database Manager Master's Candidate Alabama Natural Heritage Program Auburn University Auburn University, AL Auburn, AL

Luben Dimov, Ph.D. Robert Lawton, Ph.D. Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Huntsville, AL Sciences Alabama A&M University Nichole Mattheus Huntsville, AL Master's Candidate University of Alabama Sarah Duncan Tuscaloosa, AL Doctoral Candidate University of Alabama Kenneth Ward, Ph.D. Tuscaloosa, AL Academic Program Coordinator Department of Natural Resources & Environmental William Gates, M.S. Sciences Wildlife Biologist Alabama A&M University Madison, AL Huntsville, AL

Alaska

William Armbruster, Ph.D. Derek Sikes, Ph.D. Senior Research Scientist Curator of Insects Institute of Arctic Biology University of Alaska Museum University of Alaska Fairbanks, AK Fairbanks, AK Stephen Stringham, Ph.D. Leslie Cornick, Ph.D. Director Associate Professor Bear Viewing Association Department of Environmental Science Soldotna, AK Alaska Pacific University Wasilla, AK Stephen Stringham, Ph.D. Director Duane Howe, D.V.M. WildWatch LLC Homer, AK Soldotna, AK

Christa Mulder, Ph.D. Lynn Wilbur Associate Professor Master's Candidate Department of Biology & Wildlife Sitka, AK University of Alaska, Fairbanks Fairbanks, AK Bruce Wright, Ph.D. Senior Scientist Andrea Repetto Conservation Science Institute Master's Candidate Palmer, AK University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks, AK

Arizona

Roger Barthelson, Ph.D. Eric Lyons, Ph.D. Bioinformatics Analyst Senior Scientific Developer BIO5 Institute iPlant Collaborative University of Arizona University of Arizona, Tucson Tucson, AZ Tucson, AZ

Brad Boyle, Ph.D. Kimberlie Mccue, Ph.D. University of Arizona Program Director, Conservation Tucson, AZ Research Desert Botanical Garden Ronald Chorba, M.S. Phoenix, AZ Principal Potsdam Central School Mark Ogonowski, M.S. Green Valley, AZ Flagstaff, AZ

Ned Egen, Ph.D. Tracy Scheinkman, M.S. Tucson, AZ Adjunct Faculty Department of Biology James Elser, Ph.D. Pima Community College Regents Professor Tucson, AZ Arizona State University Apache Junction, AZ Justin Schmidt, Ph.D. Research Biologist James Gessaman, Ph.D. Southwestern Biological Institute Tucson, AZ Tucson, AZ

Nate Gwinn Krista Schmidt Master's Candidate Master's Candidate University of Arizona Tucson, AZ Tucson, AZ David Smith, Ph.D. Sarah Hale, M.S. Department of Biology University of Arizona Northland Pioneer College Tucson, AZ Show Low, AZ

Ron Hubert, M.S. Martha Stampfer, Ph.D. Northern Arizona University Senior Scientist Flagstaff, AZ University of California Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Rosa Jessen Willcox, AZ Master's Candidate University of Arizona Bruce Switzer, Ph.D. Tucson, AZ Tucson, AZ

Robert Johnson, Ph.D. Faith Walker, Ph.D. Adjunct Faculty Department of Biological Sciences Arizona State University Northern Arizona University Tempe, AZ Flagstaff, AZ

Gerald Karches, M.S. Herb Wildey, M.S. Tucson, AZ Phoenix, AZ

Arkansas

William Etges, Ph.D. Ramsey Sealy, Ph.D. Professor Department of Plant Pathology Department of Biological Sciences University of Arkansas University of Arkansas Fayetteville, AR Fayetteville, AR Copley Smoak, M.S. John Marshall, M.S. Bonnerdale, AR Instructor Department of Environmental/Safety Technology Jaimie Teel, M.S. Pulaski Technical College Riverside High School North Little Rock, AR Lake City, AR

Janine Perlman, Ph.D. Alexander, AR

California

Richard Ambrose, Ph.D. Lowell Ashbaugh, Ph.D. Professor Project Scientist University of California, Los Angeles University of California Agoura Hills, CA Davis, CA

Steven Anderson, Ph.D. Bruce Baldwin, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus Professor Department of Biological Sciences Department of Integrative Biology University of the Pacific University of California, Berkeley Stockton, CA Berkeley, CA

Sean Anderson, Ph.D. Anthony Barnosky, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Professor Department of Environmental Science & Resource Department of Integrative Biology Management University of California, Berkeley California State University, Channel Islands Stanford, CA Camarillo, CA Charles Battaglia, M.S. Ray Anderson, Ph.D. Wetland Ecologist Post-doctoral Researcher AECOM University of California Woodland, CA Culver City, CA William Bean Rachel Anderson Doctoral Candidate Doctoral Candidate Department of Environmental Science, Policy & University of California, Davis Management Davis, CA University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA

Diane Beaulaurier, M.S. Thomas Buckley, Ph.D. Environmental Scientist Assistant Professor State of California Department of Biology Placerville, CA Sonoma State University Rohnert Park, CA Ted Beedy, Ph.D. Wildlife Biologist C. Bunton, Ph.D. Nevada City, CA Professor Emeritus Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Tammie Beyerl, M.S. University of California, Santa Barbara Botanist Santa Barbara, CA Auberry, CA Nancy Burley, Ph.D. Rick Bizzoco, Ph.D. Professor Professor Department of & Department of Biology University of California, Irvine San Diego State University Irvine, CA San Diego, CA William Byerly, Ph.D. Carol Boggs, Ph.D. University of Southern California Professor Altadena, CA Department of Biology Stanford University Gregor Cailliet, Ph.D. Stanford, CA Professor Emeritus Department of Ichthyology Virginia Boucher, Ph.D. Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Director California State University Natural Reserve System Moss Landing, CA University of California, Davis Davis, CA Brian Charn, D.V.M. Davis, CA Holger Brix, Ph.D. Assistant Researcher Ted Cheeseman, M.S. University of California, Los Angeles Cheesemans' Ecology Safaris Altadena, CA Saratoga, CA

Jeremy Brown, Ph.D. Carol Chihara, Ph.D. Post-doctoral Fellow Professor Emeritus Department of Integrative Biology Department of Biology University of California, Berkeley University of San Francisco Berkeley, CA Berkeley, CA

Irene Brown, Ph.D. Jennifer Chranowski, M.S. Los Altos, CA La Mesa, CA

Joe Brumbaugh, Ph.D. Lee Christianosn, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus Professor Emeritus Department of Biology Department of Biological Science Sonoma State University University of the Pacific Santa Rosa, CA Stockton, CA

Daniel Brumbaugh, Ph.D. Howard Clark, M.S. Senior Conservation Scientist Certified Wildlife Biologist University of California, Santa Cruz H. T. Harvey & Associates Santa Cruz, CA Clovis, CA

Cara Clark, M.S. John Cozza, Ph.D. Moss Landing Marine Labs Department of Plant Biology Santa Cruz, CA University of California, Davis Davis, CA Dr. Fabrice De Clerck, Ph.D. Professor J. Cushman, Ph.D. Department of Tropical Agriculture Professor Columbia University Department of Biology Los Angeles, CA Sonoma State University Rohnert Park, CA David Cleveland, Ph.D. Professor John Dayton, M.S. Department of Environmental Studies Biologist University of California, Santa Barbara Department of Biology Santa Barbara, CA San Jose State University Santa Cruz, CA Robert Clover, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus Amy Denton, Ph.D. Department of Information Systems Associate Professor California State Polytechnic Unversity Department of Biology Los Osos,, CA California State University, Channel Islands Ojai, CA Natalie Cohen, Ph.D. University of Southern California James Des Lauriers, M.S. Pasadena, CA Professor Emeritus Department of Biology Anne Cohen, Ph.D. Chaffey College San Rafael, CA Claremont, CA

Mark Colwell, Ph.D. David Desante, Ph.D. Professor Chief Scientist Department of Wildlife The Institute for Bird Populations Humboldt State University Point Reyes Station, CA Arcata, CA Hugh Dingle, Ph.D. Liza Comita, Ph.D. University of California, Davis National Center for Ecological Analysis & Synthesis Davis, CA Santa Barbara, CA Rodolfo Dirzo, Ph.D. Erin Conlisk, Ph.D. Professor University of California, Riverside Department of Biology Riverside, CA Stanford University Stanford, CA Eric E. Conn, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus Rachel Durben, M.S. Department of Cellular & Molecular Biology Restoration and Outreach Coordinator University of California, Davis Friends of Deer Creek Davis, CA Nevada City, CA

Francisco Costa, Ph.D. Thomas Egan Cathedral City, CA Ecologist Desert Tortoise Council Wendy Cover, M.S. Helendale, CA University of California, Santa Cruz Santa Cruz, CA

David Egert, Ph.D. William Gilbert, Ph.D. Professor Lafayette, CA College of Marin San Francisco, CA Ayesha Gill, Ph.D. Oakland, CA Paul Ehrlich, Ph.D. Bing Professor of Population Studies Sydney Glassman, M.S. Center for Conservation Biology Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Stanford University Management Stanford, CA University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA Anne Ehrlich Senior Research Scientist Julia Glenday Department of Biology Doctoral Candidate Stanford University Bren School of Environmental Science Stanford, CA University Of Santa Barbara Santa Barbara, CA Eric Ettlinger, M.S. Aquatic Ecologist Daniel Gluesenkamp, Ph.D. Marin Municipal Water District Auduon Canyon Ranch Berkeley, CA Glen Ellen, CA

Kai Ewert, Ph.D. Barbara Going University of California, Santa Barbara Doctoral Candidate Oak View, CA University of California, Davis Elk Grove, CA Emily Farrer, Ph.D. Post-doctoral Scholar Warren Gold, M.D. Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Professor Management Department of Medicine University of California, Berkeley University of California, San Francisco Berkeley, CA Mill Valley, CA

Jennifer Floyd, Ph.D. Katharine Goodenough La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology Master's Candidate La Mesa, CA Department of Biology San Diego State University Henry Folse San Diego, CA Doctoral Candidate Stanford University Steven Greco, Ph.D. San Francisco, CA Associate Professor Department of Environmental Design Camilla Fox, M.S. University of California Founding Executive Director Davis, CA Project Coyote Larkspur, CA John Grula, Ph.D. Pasadena, CA Phillip Garfin, Ph.D. Fellow, Stanford University School of Medicine Chris Gurney Menlo Park, CA Graduate Student Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Brandi Gartland Management Doctoral Candidate University of California, Berkeley Ecostat Oakland, CA El Cerrito, CA

Andrew Paul Gutierrez Ceo, Ph.D. Russell Huddleston, M.S. Professor Emeritus Oakland, CA Division of Ecosystem Science University of California, Berkeley Pamela Mikaela Huntzinger, Ph.D. Kensington, CA Assistant to the Director Center for Excellence in Teaching Judy Haggard, M.S. University of California, Davis Wildlife Biologist Davis, CA Haggard Wildlife Consulting McKinleyville, CA Jeremy Jackson, Ph.D. Professor Kamille Hammerstrom, M.S. Scripps Institution of Oceanography Moss Landing Marine Laboratories University of California, San Diego Moss Landing, CA La Jolla, CA

Timothy Handley, M.S. Louise Jackson, Ph.D. Thousand Oaks, CA University of California, Davis Davis, CA Mary Harte, Ph.D. Berkeley, CA Mara Jeffress, Ph.D. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Angelique Herman Oakland, CA Escondido, CA Jay Jones, Ph.D. Tim Herrlinger, Ph.D. Professor Department of Integrative Biology University of La Verne University of California, Berkeley La Verne, CA Piedmont, CA Betty Jung, M.P.H. Fritz Hertel, Ph.D. Student Health Services California State University University of California, Berkeley Reseda, CA Oakland, CA

Shannon Hickey Judith Kahle, M.S. Department of Botany Peoples High School AECOM Fairfield, CA Davis, CA Carrie Kappel, Ph.D. Karen Holl, Ph.D. Assistant Project Scientist University of California, Santa Cruz National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis Felton, CA Santa Barbara, CA

Jeff Holmquist, Ph.D. Daniel Karp Bishop, CA Doctoral Candidate Department of Biology Jed Holtzman, M.S. Stanford University San Francisco, CA Orinda, CA

Ivan Huber, Ph.D. Bruce Kendall, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus Associate Professor Department of Biology University of California, Santa Barbara Fairleigh Dickinson University Santa Barbara, CA Los Angeles, CA

Donald Kennedy, Ph.D. Sharyn Marks, Ph.D. President Emeritus Professor Stanford University Department of Biological Sciences Palo Alto, CA Humboldt State University Bayside, CA Peter Kerr, Ph.D. State of California Belinda Martineau, Ph.D. Davis, CA Principal Editor Genome Center Stacy Kim, Ph.D. University of California, Davis Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Davis, CA Santa Cruz, CA Ceal Klingler, M.S. Mark Mason, Ph.D. Bishop, CA Richmond, CA

Peter Klosterman, Ph.D. Jacqueline Mcconnaughy Piedmont, CA Field Studies Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden Celia Kutcher, M.S. Pomona, CA Capistrano Beach, CA Erin McCreless Ronald Lanner, Ph.D. Doctoral Candidate Placerville, CA University of California Santa Cruz, CA Toni Lee Doctoral Candidate Lucinda Mcdade, Ph.D. Caltech Director of Research Pasadena, CA Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden Claremont, CA Emily Lindsey Doctoral Candidate Dennis McEwan, M.S. Department of Integrative Biology Senior Environmental Scientist University of California, Berkeley California Department of Water Resources Berkleley, CA State of California Sacramento, CA Alison Lipman, Ph.D. SELVA International Patrick McGuire, Ph.D. Los Angeles, CA Academic Coordinator Department of Plant Sciences Lawrence Lovell University of California San Pedro, CA Davis, CA

Jenella Loye, Ph.D. Robert Medhurst, M.S. Department of Entomology Staff Research Associate University of California Marine Science Institute Davis, CA University of California Mammoth Lakes, CA Carolyn Lundquist, Ph.D. Hillsborough, CA Mariah Meek, Ph.D. University of California, Davis Ashleigh Lyman Davis, CA Research Technician Moss Landing Marine Labs Capitola, CA

Robert Meese, Ph.D. Judy Perkins, Ph.D. Staff Research Associate Alturas, CA Department of Environmental Science & Policy University of California Barret Phillips Davis, CA Master's Candidate University of Southern California Donald Miller, M.S. Long Beach, CA Newbury Park, CA Mary Jean Pramik, M.S. Rebecca Miller San Francisco, CA Programme Officer Red List Unit Katherine Preston, Ph.D. International Union for Conservation of Nature Stanford University Chico, CA Stanford, CA

Payam Minoofar, Ph.D. James Provenzano, M.S. Ventura, CA President Lisa Moore, Ph.D. Clean Air Now Scientist Los Angeles, CA Environmental Defense Fund Laura Prugh, Ph.D. San Francisco, CA Post-doctoral Researcher Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Susanne Moser, Ph.D. Management Principal Scientist University of California, Berkeley Susanne Moser Research & Consulting Berkeley, CA Santa Cruz, CA Angela Quiros Heather Murdock Doctoral Candidate Master's Candidate Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Lecturer University of California, Santa Cruz Department of Biology Santa Cruz, CA San Francisco State University San Francisco, CA Janet Randall, Ph.D. Professor Emerita Michael Napolitano, M.S. Department of Biology Engineering Geologist San Francisco State University San Francisco Bay Water Quality Board Sebastopol, CA Oakland, CA Alison Ravenscraft J. Cully Nordby, Ph.D. Doctoral Candidate Institute of Environment & Sustainability Stanford University University of California, Los Angeles Stanford, CA Los Angeles, CA Amber Reece, M.S. Terry Oda, M.S. U.S. Department of Agriculture Walnut Creek, CA Santa Cruz, CA

Karen Osborn, Ph.D. Joshua Reece, Ph.D. University of California Santa Cruz, CA Pacific Grove, CA Leighton Reid Elizabeth Painter, Ph.D. Department of Environmental Studies Santa Barbara, CA University of California, Santa Cruz Santa Cruz, CA

Christian Reilly, Ph.D. Roger Seapy, Ph.D. Department of Science Emeritus Professor Santa Catalina School Department of Biological Science Pacific Grove, CA California State University, Fullerton Los Alamitos, CA Kristofer Robison Master's Candidate Keith Slauson University of California, Davis Doctoral Candidate Davis, CA Ecologist U.S. Forest Service Donald Rodriguez, Ph.D. Arcata, CA Associate Professor Department of Environmental Science & Resource David Smernoff, Ph.D. Management Portola Valley, CA California State University, Channel Islands Camarillo, CA Raymond Smith, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus Terry Root, Ph.D. Department of Geography Professor & Senior Fellow University of California, Santa Barbara Woods Institute for the Environment Santa Barbara, CA Stanford University Stanford, CA Dena Spatz Master's Candidate Eric Routman, Ph.D. University of California Professor Santa Cruz, CA Department of Biology San Francisco State University Chelsea Specht, Ph.D. San Francisco, CA Assistant Professor Department of Plant & Microbial Biology Sean Rovito, Ph.D. University of California, Berkeley University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA San Francisco, CA Wayne Spencer, Ph.D. Sherri Sandburg Ransom, M.S. Senior Conservation Biologist Department of Science Conservation Biology Institute Davis Senior High School San Diego, CA Davis, CA Renee Spenst, Ph.D. Renee Saville, Ph.D. University of California, Davis Mountain View, CA Sacramento, CA

Fred Schreiber, Ph.D. Judy Stamps, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus Professor Emeritus Department of Biology University of California, Davis California State University, Fresno Davis, CA Fresno, CA Joshua Steele, Ph.D. David Seaborg, M.S. Post-doctoral Scholar World Rainforest Fund Caltech Walnut Creek, CA Pasadena, CA

Kim Steinmann Doctoral Candidate California Department of Pesticide Regulation Davis, CA

Glenn Stewart, Ph.D. Amy Terrell, M.S. Professor Emeritus Water Resources Control Engineer Department of Biological Sciences Regional Water Quality Control Board California State Polytechnic University, Pomona State of California La Verne, CA Citrus Heights, CA

Christopher Still, Ph.D. Dana Terry Associate Professor Berkeley, CA Department of Geography University of California, Santa Barbara Winston Thomas, Ph.D. Santa Barbara, CA San Mateo, CA

Chantal Stoner, Ph.D. Gene Trapp, Ph.D. Pleasanton, CA Professor Emeritus Department of Biological Sciences Aaron Sunshine, M.S. California State University, Sacramento Oakland, CA Davis, CA

Samuel Sweet, Ph.D. John Tucker, Ph.D. Professor San Pablo, CA Department of Ecology, Evolution & Marine Biology University of California, Santa Barbara Joseph Ulmer Goleta, CA Doctoral Candidate Sebastopol, CA Alexandra Syphard, Ph.D. Conservation Biology Institute Dena Vallano, Ph.D. La Mesa, CA Post-doctoral Researcher Department of Environmental Studies Laszlo J Szijj, Ph.D. University of California, Santa Cruz Emeritus Professor Santa Cruz, CA Department of Biological Sciences California State Polytechnic Univesity Sula Vanderplank, M.S. Claremont, CA University of California Claremont, CA Karen Taberski, M.S. Senior Environmental Scientist Dustin van Overbeke State of California Doctoral Candidate Kensington, CA University of California, Riverside Riverside, CA Eileen Taschereau, M.S. University of California, Los Angeles Marc Vayssieres, Ph.D. Los Angeles, CA California Air Resources Board Davis, CA Alan Tenscher, M.S. University of California, Davis Elisheva Verdi, M.S. Yountville, CA Adjunct Instructor Sacramento City College Carolyn Tepolt Auburn, CA Doctoral Candidate Department of Biology Yiwei Wang Stanford University Doctoral Candidate Monterey, CA University of California, Santa Cruz Los Gatos, CA

Dee Warenycia Jennifer Williams, Ph.D. California State University, Sacramento Post-doctoral Fellow Roseville, CA National Center for Ecological Analysis & Synthesis Santa Barbara, CA Laura Watt, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Richard Wilson Department of Environmental Studies & Planning Coastal Management Coordinator Sonoma State University Surfrider Foundation Rohnert Park, CA Oceanside, CA Guinevere Wogan Frank Wegscheider, M.S. Doctoral Candidate Department of Biology Department of Integrative Biology California State University, Fullerton University of California, Berkeley Placentia, CA Berkeley, CA

Stephen Weitz, Ph.D. Coral Wolf, M.S. Oakland, CA Conservation Measures Project Coordinator University of California, Santa Cruz Hartwell Welsh, Ph.D. Santa Cruz, CA Pacific Southwest Research Station Arcata, CA Shaye Wolf, Ph.D. Climate Science Director Chris White, M.S. Center for Biological Diversity Principal Water Quality Specialist Kensington, CA Balance Hydrologics, Inc Grass Valley, CA Grace Wu, M.S. University of Notre Dame Richard Whitkus, Ph.D. Hacienda Heights, CA Professor Department of Biology Ho Jung Yoo, Ph.D. Sonoma State University University of California, San Diego Rohnert Park, CA San Diego, CA

Dieter Wilken, Ph.D. Heidi Zamzow, M.S. Santa Barbara Botanic Garden Monterey Bay Aquarium Santa Barbara, CA Pacific Grove, CA

Maia Willcox, M.S. Richmond, CA

Lawrence Willey, M.S. Senior Chemist Laboratory DPI Global Porterville, CA

Colorado

Christina Alba, M.S. Mary Goshorn, M.S. Colorado State University Research Assistant Fort Collins, CO Denver Botanic Gardens Littleton, CO Mary Beth Albrechtsen Field Biologist Tracy Halward, Ph.D. U.S. National Park Service Department of Science Louisville, CO Front Range Community College Longmont, CO David Armstrong, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus Marni Koopman, Ph.D. University of Colorado, Boulder Fort Collins, CO Loveland, CO Sunil Kumar, Ph.D. Teresa Audesirk, Ph.D. Research Scientist Professor Emerita Colorado State University Department of Integrative Biology Fort Collins, CO University of Colorado, Denver Steamboat Springs, CO Pat Martin, Ph.D. Colorado State University Judy Blaisdell, M.S. Fort Collins, CO Bayfield, CO Ryan Mcshane, M.S. Susan Buckingham Colorado State University Doctoral Candidate Fort Collins, CO University of Colorado Denver, CO Shannon Murphy, Ph.D. Shelley Calisher, Ph.D. University of Denver Red Feather Lakes, CO Denver, CO

Patrick Comer, M.S. Lisa Nabors, Ph.D. Chief Ecologist Denver, CO Department of Ecology NatureServe Lee O'Brien Boulder, CO Doctoral Candidate Fort Collins, CO Matt Cummings Denver, CO Sarah Orlofske Doctoral Candidate Robert Dorsett, M.D. Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Meeker, CO University of Colorado, Boulder Boulder, CO Kenneth Duncan, M.D. Fort Collins, CO Bradley Parks, Ph.D. Research Scientist Chris Floyd, Ph.D. Department of Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Associate Professor Biology Department of Biology University of Colorado, Boulder University of Wisconsin, Eau Claire Nederland, CO Ft Collins, CO

Matthew Preston Sonja Sjoholm-deHaas, M.S. Doctoral Candidate Golden, CO University of California, Davis Boulder, CO Gary Skiba, M.S. Durango, CO Eric Punkay, Ph.D. Denver, CO Elliott Smith, M.S. Dillon, CO Pauline Reetz, M.S. Audubon Society of Greater Denver Pam Smith Denver, CO Researcher Colorado State University Noreen Reist, Ph.D. Fort Collins, CO Associate Professor Department of Biomedical Sciences Darrel Snyder, M.S. Colorado State University Research Scientist Fort Collins, CO Fish, Wildlife & Conservation Biology Colorado State University Loren Sackett Fort Collins, CO Doctoral Candidate University of Colorado John Sovell, M.S. Boulder, CO Colorado Natural Heritage Program Colorado State University Julie Savidge, Ph.D. Fort Collins, CO Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO Harold Tyus, Ph.D. Research Scientist Emeritus Maggie Schafer, M.S. Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Wildlife Biologist Sciences Department of Biological Studies Center for Limnology University of Northern Colorado Golden, CO Boulder, CO Robley Williams, Ph.D. Kate Schoenecker Professor Emeritus Doctoral Candidate Department of Biology Ecologist Vanderbilt University United States Geological Survey Boulder, CO Department of the Interior Fort Collins, CO Kenneth Wilson, Ph.D. Professor Lisa Siconolfi, Ph.D. Colorado State University Westminster, CO Fort Collins, CO

Connecticut

James Biardi, Ph.D. Robert Capers, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Plant Collection Manager Department of Biology Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Fairfield University University of Connecticut Fairfield, CT Mansfield Center, CT

Cheri Collins, M.S. Allyson Kruzshak University of Connecticut Veterinary Oncology & Hematology Center Ellington, CT Stratford, CT

Tiffany Doan, Ph.D. David Liedlich, M.S. Associate Professor Case Manager Department of Biology State of Connecticut Central Connecticut State University Southbury, CT New Britain, CT Gerald Post, D.V.M. Vicki Fitzgerald Veterinary Oncology & Hematology Center Museum Assistant Norwalk, CT Peabody Museum of Natural History Richard Shook, D.V.M. Wallingford, CT Niantic, CT

Kent Holsinger, Ph.D. Clifford Slayman, Ph.D. University of Connecticut Professor Coventry, CT Department of Cell & Molecular Physiology Yale School of Medicine Mark Johnson, Ph.D. Hamden, CT St. Joseph College west Hartford, CT Daniel Tuvin, M.D. Waterbury Hospital Cynthia Jones, Ph.D. Waterbury, CT Professor University of Connecticut William Upholt, Ph.D. Mansfield Center, CT Professor Department of Reconstructive Sciences David Katz, M.D. University of Connecticut Director Hartford, CT Prevention Research Center Yale University Mark Urban, Ph.D. Derby, CT University of Connecticut Storrs, CT

Delaware

Cathy Davies, Ph.D. Gilbert Sloan, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Wilmington, DE University of Delaware Newark, DE Susan Yost, Ph.D. Department of Agriculture & Natural Resources Gilbert Sloan, Ph.D. Delaware State University Wilmington, DE Dover, DE

District of Columbia

Nirmal Bhagabati, Ph.D. Christina Mccain, Ph.D. World Wildlife Fund Washington, DC Washington, DC Amanda Medori, M.S. Margaret Cooney, M.S. The Conservation Fund Ocean Policy Fellow Washington, DC Marine Conservation Biology Institute Washington, DC Jesse Meiller, Ph.D. Department of Environmental Science Peter Epanchin, Ph.D. American University Museum of Vertebrate Zoology Washington, DC University of California, Berkeley Washington DC, DC Kira Mock, M.S. Senior Program Manager Ben Gutman, Ph.D. Science & Technology Fellowships Union of Concerned Scientists American Association for the Advancement of Science Washington, DC Washington, DC

Janine Harris, M.S. Glenis Padilla, M.S. Washington, DC Washington, DC

Jessica Higgins Bruce Robertson, Ph.D. Master's Candidate Post-doctoral Fellow University of Maryland, College Park Migratory Bird Center Washington, DC Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute Washington, DC Clinton Jenkins, Ph.D. Assistant Research Scientist Sonya Sobrian, Ph.D. Department of Biology Department of Pharmacology University of Maryland Howard Universtiy College of Medicine Washington, DC Washington, DC

Isis Johnson, M.S. Kim Waddell, Ph.D. Washington, DC The National Academies Washington, DC Erin Kuprewicz, Ph.D. Washington, DC

John Lill, Ph.D. Associate Professor Department of Biology George Washington University Washington, DC

Florida

Christopher Anderson Walter Courtenay, Ph.D. Doctoral Candidate Professor Emeritus Department of Integrative Biology Department of Biological Sciences University of South Florida Florida Atlantic University Tampa, FL Gainesville, FL

Amy Baco-Taylor, Ph.D. Bruce Cowell, Ph.D. Florida State University Professor Tallahassee, FL Department of Integrative Biology University of South Florida Dean Bagley, M.S. Lutz, FL Department of Biology University of Central Florida Robert Deacy, M.S. Melbourne Beach, FL Environmental Program Supervisor Environmental Resources Management Sean Beckmann, Ph.D. Palm Beach County Assistant Professor West Palm Beach, FL Department of Biology Rockford College Charles Deutsch, Ph.D. Miami, FL Associate Research Scientist Fish and Wildlife Research Institute Cindy Bennington, Ph.D. Fish & Wildlife Conservation Commission Associate Professor Gainesville, FL Department of Biology Stetson University C. Dodd, Ph.D. DeLand, FL Courtesy Associate Professor Department of Wildlife Ecology & Conservation Kristee Booth, M.S. University of Florida Deland, FL Gainesville, FL

Rena Borkhataria, Ph.D. Roger Donahue, Ph.D. West Palm Beach, FL Professor Emeritus Mark Bush, Ph.D. Department of Pathology Professor Univerisity of Miami Department of Biological Science Miami Beach, FL Florida Tech Melbourne, FL Peter Eliazar, M.S. Department of Biology Kathleen Cavell, D.V.M. University of Florida Tallahassee, FL Gainesville, FL

Jennifer Clemente Christy Foust, M.S. Master's Candidate Univeristy of South Florida Environmental Specialist Tampa, FL Florida Department of Health Port Charlotte, FL Sarah Frias-Torres, Ph.D. Post-doctoral Scholar Mark Cook, Ph.D. Ocean Research and Conservation Associate Senior Environmental Scientist Fort Pierce, FL South Florida Water Management District Jupiter, FL

Kendra Garrett, M.S. Angela Knapp, Ph.D. Marine Scientist University of Miami Erickson Consulting Engineers Miami, FL Sarasota, FL Robert Kobza, M.S. David Gillings Wildlife Ecologist Environmental Manager South Florida Water Management District Environmental Resources Management Port Saint Lucie, FL Palm Beach County West Palm Beach, FL Dana Krempels, Ph.D. Senior Lecturer Steven Green, Ph.D. Department of Biology Professor University of Miami Department of Biology Miami, FL University of Miami Homestead, FL Jennifer Lewis, Ph.D. Tropical Dolphin Research Foundation Cheryl Gross, M.S. Pembroke Pines, FL Sarasota, FL Jennifer Lewis, Ph.D. Michael Grundler Tropical Dolphin Research Foundation Research Intern Pembroke Pines, FL Archbold Biological Station Venus, FL William Loftus, Ph.D. Aquatic Research & Communication, LLC Anna Hathaway Vero Beach, FL Master's Candidate University of South Florida William Loftus, Ph.D. Tampa, FL Research Ecologist Vero Beach, FL Richard Herren, M.S. Vero Beach, FL Jordan Mayor, Ph.D. Post-doctoral Research Scientist Jerome Jackson, Ph.D. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Professor Gainesville, FL Department of Marine & Ecological Sciences Florida Gulf Coast University Mikki Mccomb, Ph.D. Ft. Myers, FL Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute Delray Beach, FL David Janos, Ph.D. Professor Laurie Mchargue, Ph.D. Department of Biology Key Largo, FL University of Miami Coral Gables, FL Crystal Mcmichael Doctoral Candidate Walter Judd, Ph.D. Research Assistant Distinguished Professor Florida Institute of Technology Department of Biology Palm Bay, FL University of Florida Gainesville, FL Christopher W. Mcvoy, Ph.D. Lake Worth, FL Richard Kersten Fort Walton Beach, FL

Rebecca Meegan, M.S. Rebekah Outman Wildlife Ecologist Master's Candidate Coastal Plains Institute University of Miami Tallahassee, FL Coral Gables, FL

Gerhard Meisels, Ph.D. Sue Perry, Ph.D. Professor Homestead, FL Coalition for Science Literacy University of South Florida Tiffany Plantan, Ph.D. Tampa, FL University of Miami Coral Gables, FL Eric Menges, Ph.D. Senior Research Biologist Richard Plate, Ph.D. Archbold Biological Station Department of Forest Resources & Conservation Lake Placid, FL University of Florida Gainesville, FL Frank Muller-Karger, Ph.D. Professor Tom Poulson, Ph.D. College of Marine Science Jupiter, FL University of South Florida Saint Petersburg, FL Carol Rizkalla, Ph.D. University of South Florida PK Ramachandran Nair, Ph.D. Sebring, FL Distinguished Professor School of Forest Resources & Conservation Juliet Rynear, M.S. University of Florida Rare Plant Specialist Gainesville, FL Rare Plant Conservation Program Bok Tower Gardens Sandra Namoff Dundee, FL Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden Miami, FL Dan Schar, D.V.M. U.S. Agency for International Development Janne Nielsen, Ph.D. Bradenton, FL University of Miami South Miami, FL Celeste Shitama Master's Candidate Eliane Norman, Ph.D. Gainesville, FL Stetson University Maitland, FL Isaac Skromne, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Reed Noss, Ph.D. Department of Biology Provost's Distinguished Research Professor University of Miami Department of Biology Coral Gables, FL University of Central Florida Orlando, FL Elizabeth Smith, D.V.M. Fort Myers, FL Elizabeth Odum, M.S. Professor Emerita Department of Physical Sciences David Steadman, Ph.D. Santa Fe College Gainesville, FL Gainesville, FL

I. Stout, Ph.D. Eric Vonwettberg, Ph.D. Society for Conservation Biology Florida International University Winter Springs, FL Miami, FL

Sara Thanner, M.S. Linda Walters, Ph.D. Environmental Resource Project Supervisor Associate Professor Environmental Resources Management Department of Biology Miami-Dade County University of Central Florida North Miami, FL Orlando, FL

Stephen Tonjes, M.S. Alicie Warren, Ph.D. Environmental Scientist Homestead, FL District Five Environmental Management Florida Department of Transportation Joanna Weremijewicz DeLand, FL Master's Candidate Department of Biology Joseph Torres, Ph.D. University of Miami Professor Miami, FL Department of Marine Science University of South Florida Philip Wood, Ph.D. Saint Petersburg, FL Professor Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute Kathryn Tosney, Ph.D. Orlando, FL Chair Department of Biology Qing Yan University of MIami University of Miami South Miami, FL Coral Gables, FL

Georgia

Barbara Ballentine, Ph.D. Carl Carroll, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Odum School of Ecology Department of Biology University of Georgia University of West Georgia Watkinsville, GA Carrollton, GA Jill Gannon, Ph.D. Bradley Bergstrom, Ph.D. Ecologist Professor U.S. Geological Survey Department of Biology Athens, GA Valdosta State University Valdosta, GA Thomas Govus, M.S. Vegetation Ecologist Donald Brockway, Ph.D. Ellijay, GA Aquatic Research Biologist Athens, GA John Kominoski, Ph.D. Odum School of Ecology Jeb Byers, Ph.D. University of Georgia University of Georgia Athens, GA Watkinsville, GA

Andrew Kramer, Ph.D. Carrie Radcliffe, M.S. University of Georgia Botanist Athens, GA Department of Natural Resources Clayton, GA Shelly Krueger, M.S. Adopt A Wetland Coordinator Adam Rivers, Ph.D. Tybee Island, GA Post-doctoral Research Associate Department of Marine Science Ken Leonard, Ph.D. University of Georgia Instructor Athens, GA Department of Biology Georgia Gwinnett College Lauren Satterfield Lawrenceville, GA Master's Candidate University of Georgia Daniel McGarvey, Ph.D. Atlanta, GA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Athens, GA Rebecca Snyder, Ph.D. Zoo Atlanta H. Ronald Pulliam, Ph.D. Atlanta, GA Regents Professor Emeritus Odum School of Ecology University of Georgia Athens, GA

Hawaii

Kelly Boyle, M.S. Donald Drake, Ph.D. Lecturer University of Hawaii Department of Biological Science Honolulu, HI California State University, Fullerton Honolulu, HI Christopher Dunn, Ph.D. Director David Burney, Ph.D. Lyon Arboretum Director of Conservation University of Hawaii National Tropical Botanical Garden Honolulu, HI Kalaheo, HI Brenden Holland, Ph.D. Norma Bustos Associate Research Professor Wildlife Biologist Pacific Biosciences Research Center State Division of Forestry and Wildlife University of Hawaii Kailua, HI Honolulu, HI

Marian Chau Stacy Jorgensen, Ph.D. Doctoral Candidate Assistant Professor Department of Botany Department of Geography University of Hawaii, Manoa University of Hawaii, Manoa Honolulu, HI Honolulu, HI

Robert Cowie, Ph.D. Research Professor University of Hawaii Honolulu, HI

Sterling Keeley, Ph.D. Dan Rubinoff, Ph.D. Professor Professor Department of Botany University of Hawaii University of Hawaii, Manoa Honolulu, HI Honolulu, HI Karen Selph, Ph.D. David Lorence, Ph.D. Associate Specialist Director of Science Department of Oceanography National Tropical Botanical Garden University of Hawaii Kalaheo, HI Honolulu, HI David Orr Botanical Collections Specialist Mark Wright, Ph.D. Waimea Valley Associate Professor Haleiwa, HI Department of Plant & Environmental Protection Sciences Michael Parke, Ph.D. University of Hawaii University of Hawaii Honolulu, HI Honolulu, HI

Gabriel Peckham, Ph.D. Principle Investigator Black Ivory Biotech Honolulu, HI

Idaho

Katherine Brodhead, M.S. Joanna Schultz, Ph.D. Ecologist Senior Consultant U.S. Geological Survey Earth Conservation Systems Boise, ID Troy, ID

Kenneth W Cole Mark Shapley, Ph.D. Western Watersheds Project Post-doctoral Researcher Boise, ID Department of Geosciences Idaho State University Stephan Flint, M.S. Pocatello, ID University of Idaho Moscow, ID Chris Staley, M.S. Advisory Scientist John Kie, Ph.D. Idaho Falls, ID Pocatello, ID Karen Ward, M.S. Donald Mansfield Plant Disease Diagnostician Professor Department of Plant Pathology Department of Biology Washington State University The College of Idaho Moscow, ID Caldwell, ID Nancy Wood, M.S. Alan Poplawsky, Ph.D. Boise, ID Research Associate University of Idaho Moscow, ID

Illinois

Willard Anderson, M.S. Stephen Hager, Ph.D. Homewood, IL Associate Professor Augustana College Joseph Armstrong, Ph.D. Rock Island, IL Professor Illinois State University Thomas Heatherly Normal, IL Doctoral Candidate University of Nebraska, Lincoln , Ph.D. Sauk Village, IL Professor Department of Entomology Wendy Jackson, Ph.D. University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Project Director Urbana, IL Interdisciplinary Science & Technology DePaul University Victoria Borowicz, Ph.D. Evanston, IL Research Professor Department of Biological Sciences Jeremy Kirkman Illinois State University Master's Candidate Normal, IL Bradley University Peoria, IL Angelo Capparella, Ph.D. Associate Professor Jason Koontz, Ph.D. Department of Biological Sciences Associate Professor Illinois State University Department of Biology Normal, IL Augustana College Rock Island, IL Martha Cook, Ph.D. Associate Professor Steven Kuemmerle, Ph.D. Illinois State University Director of Equity Investments Normal, IL Abbott Grayslake, IL Marian Dagosto, Ph.D. Department of Cell & Molecular Biology Michael Labarbera, Ph.D. Northwestern University Professor Elgin, IL University of Chicago Chicago, IL Martha Delaney, D.V.M. University of Illinois Kenton Macy Chicago, IL Charleston, IL

Dennis Dreher, M.S. Seth Marcus, M.S. Bull Valley, IL Prospect Heights, IL

Barbara Frase, Ph.D. Susanne Masi, M.S. Professor Manager of Regional Floristics Department of Biology Department of Plant Science & Conservation Bradley University Chicago Botanic Garden Peoria, IL Glencoe, IL

Jill Mateo, Ph.D. Stephen Pruett-Jones, Ph.D. University of Chicago University of Chicago Chicago, IL Riverside, IL

Bert Menco, Ph.D. Helena Puche, Ph.D. Research Associate Professor (retired) Adjunct Assistant Professor Department of Neurobiology & Physiology University of Illinois, Chicago Northwestern University Chicago, IL Evanston, IL Kevin Rohling Jay Mittenthal, Ph.D. Master's Candidate University of Illinois Restoration Specialist Urbana, IL Murphysboro, IL

Stephen Mullin, Ph.D. Sylvia Schade, Ph.D. Professor Riverside, IL Department of Biological Sciences Eastern Illinois University Robert Schwartz, Ph.D. Charleston, IL Waukegan, IL

Jeff Newton, M.S. Katherine Soderstrom Libertyville, IL Doctoral Candidate Rush University Brian Nichols, Ph.D. Chicago, IL Emeritus Professor Department of Biological Sciences Aaron Turkewitz, Ph.D. University of Illinois, Chicago Department of Molecular Genetics & Cell Biology Oak Park, IL University of Chicago Chicago, IL Henry Owen, Ph.D. Professor Michael Wagner Department of Biological Sciences Doctoral Candidate Eastern Illinois University Carbondale, IL Charleston, IL Daniel Ward, M.S. Gregory Owens, Ph.D. Professor Decatur, IL Department of Health & Life Sciences Waubonsee Community College Ken Paige, Ph.D. Newark, IL Professor Department of Animal Biology Carie Weddle University of Illinois Doctoral Candidate Monticello, IL Department of Biological Sciences Illinois State University William Preston, M.S. Normal, IL Silliker, Inc. Crete, IL Tim Wootton, Ph.D. Professor Jonathan Pritchard, Ph.D. Department of Ecology & Evolution Professor University of Chicago Department of Human Genetics Homewood, IL University of Chicago Chicago, IL

Indiana

James Alexander, Ph.D. Ellen Ketterson, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Distinguished Professor University of Louisville Department of Biology New Albany, IN Indiana University Bloomington, IN Novem Auyeung Doctoral Candidate Christopher Murphy, Ph.D. Purdue University Indiana State University West Lafayette, IN Terre Haute, IN

George Bakken, Ph.D. Zach Olson, Ph.D. Distinguished Professor Purdue University Department of Biology West Lafayette, IN Indiana State University Terre Haute, IN David Parkhurst, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus Jenny Bodwell Indiana University Doctoral Candidate Bloomington, IN Department of Biology Indiana State University Nathan Pate, M.S. Terre Haute, IN Paoli, IN

Timothy Brown, M.S. Michael Perkins Nabb, IN Doctoral Candidate American Association of Geographers Michael Cramer, Ph.D. Bloomington, IN Assistant Director Department of Biological Sciences Dustin Reichard University of Notre Dame Doctoral Candidate South Bend, IN Indiana University Bloomington, IN H Kathleen Dannelly, Ph.D. Associate Professor Elaina Tuttle, Ph.D. Department of Biology Professor Indiana State Universtiy Department of Biology Terre Haute, IN Indiana State University Terre Haute, IN Diana Hews, Ph.D. Professor John Whitaker, Jr., Ph.D. Department of Biology Professor Indiana State University Department of Biology Brazil, IN Indiana State University Terre Haute, IN Katherine Howe, Ph.D. Purdue University Indianapolis, IN

Iowa

Russ Benedict, Ph.D. Connie Mutel, M.S. Associate Professor Scientific Writer Central College Department of Hydroscience & Engineering Pella, IA University of Iowa Solon, IA Neil Bernstein, Ph.D. Mount Mercy University William Pusateri Cedar Rapids, IA Doctoral Candidate Senior Environmental Specialist Robert Buman, Ph.D. Office of Location & Environment Director of Research Iowa Department of Transportation Agren, Inc. Iowa City, IA Breda, IA Ryan Rehmeier, Ph.D. Chad Gatlin, M.S. Assistant Professor Professor Department of Biology & Environmental Science Department of Science Simpson College Indian Hills Community College Indianola, IA Centerville, IA Becky Richtsmeier, M.S. Jo Anna Hebberger, Ph.D. Cornell College Des Moines, IA Marion, IA

Herbert Heinicke, Ph.D. Nanci Ross, Ph.D. Indianola, IA Department of Biology Drake University Erwin Klaas, Ph.D. Des Moines, IA Professor Emeritus Iowa State University Douglas Rossman, Ph.D. Ames, IA Emeritus Professor Louisiana State University Elizabeth Lynch, Ph.D. Decorah, IA Associate Professor Department of Biology Daryl Smith, Ph.D. Luther College Professor Decorah, IA Tallgrass Prairie Center University of Northern Iowa Kirk Moloney, Ph.D. Cedar Falls, IA Department of Ecology, Evolution & Organismal Biology Danielle Wirth, Ph.D. Iowa State University Environmental Horizons Ames, IA Woodward, IA

Kansas

Kenneth Armitage, Ph.D. Erika Martin Baumgartner Distinguished Professor Emeritus Doctoral Candidate Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Department of Biology University of Kansas Kansas State University Lawrence, KS Manhattan, KS

Mary Jameson, Ph.D. John Richard Schrock, Ph.D. Wichita State University Professor Wichita, KS Department of Biological Sciences Emporia State University Vanessa Koelling, Ph.D. Emporia, KS Post-doctoral Researcher Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Mandy Stone, M.S. University of Kansas Hydrologist Lawrence, KS U.S. Geological Survey Olathe, KS

Kentucky

Jon Cambron James Macleod, D.V.M. Master's Candidate Professor Owensboro, KY Department of Veterinary Science University of Kentucky Joyce Evans, M.S. Versailles, KY Biomedical Scientist Department of Biomedical Engineering Daniel Meyer, M.S. University of Kentucky Environmental Health Specialist Midway, KY Department of Public Health Louisville Metro Government Kim Feeman, M.S. Louisville, KY Campton, KY Stephen Richter, Ph.D. John Ferner, Ph.D. Eastern Kentucky University Professor Richmond, KY Department of Biology Thomas More College Dave Robinson, Ph.D. Independence, KY Louisville, KY

Deborah Hill, Ph.D. Lisa Romano, M.S. Professor Natural Resources Specialist Department of Forestry U.S. Department of Agriculture University of Kentucky Lexington, KY Lexington, KY Lisa Schmoetzer, M.S. Lawrenceburg, KY

Guenter Schuster Madhu Srinivasan Doctoral Candidate Doctoral Candidate Foundation Professor, Emeritus Department of Biology Richmond, KY University of Kentucky Lexington, KY Kausalya Shenoy Doctoral Candidate Joseph Wellner, M.S. University of Kentucky Professional Geologist Lexington, KY Kentucky Department of Environmental Protection Frankfort, KY

Louisiana

Matthew Chatfield, Ph.D. Paul Klerks, Ph.D. Tulane University Church Point, LA New Orleans, LA Thomas Sherry, Ph.D. Jessica Deichmann, Ph.D. Professor Conservation International Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Baton Rouge, LA Tulane University New Orleans, LA Jeremy Kamil, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Department of Microbiology & Immunology Louisiana State University Shreveport, LA

Maine

Shirley Davis, M.S. Philip Nyhus, Ph.D. Professor Emerita Associate Professor Division of Life Long Learning Environmental Studies Program University of Maine Colby College Orono, ME Waterville, ME

Ellen Labbe Sheryn Olson Master's Candidate Master's Candidate University of Southern Maine Research Assistant Portland, ME Department of Wildlife Biology University Maine, Orono John Lemons, Ph.D. Orono, ME Professor Department of Environmental Studies Frances Perlman, M.S. University of New England Department of Biology Biddeford, ME New York University West Paris, ME

Brad Zitske, M.S. Portland, ME

Maryland

David Angelini, Ph.D. Frank Fogarty Assistant Professor Master's Candidate Department of Biology University of Maryland, College Park American University Silver Spring, MD Buckeystown, MD Wayne Goforth, Ph.D. José Arellano-Lobo Port Republic, MD Master's Candidate University of Maryland Holly Gorton, Ph.D. Adelphi, MD St. Mary's College of Maryland Dameron, MD James Bell, M.S. Physical Science Technician Francesca Grifo, Ph.D. Smithsonian Institution Director California, MD Scientific Integrity Program Union of Concerned Scientists Geoffrey Blate, Ph.D. Bethesda, MD Greater Mekong Program World Wildlife Fund April Hansgate, M.S. Silver Spring, MD Montgomery College Riverdale, MD Maeghan Brass, M.S. Takoma Park, MD Allen Hirsh, Ph.D. CEO Alice Chmil Cryobiophysica, Inc. Master's Candidate Silver Spring, MD Silver Spring, MD Warren Johnson, Ph.D. Charles Davis, M.S. National Institute of Health Lutherville, MD Frederick, MD

Daryl Domning, Ph.D. Daria Karetnikov, M.S. Professor University of Maryland Department of Anatomy Takoma Park, MD Howard University Silver Spring, MD Cynthia Kicklighter, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Joseph Dudley, Ph.D. Goucher College Research Scientist Towson, MD Institute Arctic Biology University of Alaska Fairbanks Al Kinlaw, Ph.D. Derwood, MD University of Maryland Medical Center Cockeysville, MD Peter Eriksson, Ph.D. National Institute of Health Colin Kliewer Rockville, MD Annapolis, MD

Christina Lyerly Master's Candidate University of Maryland College Park, MD

Julie MacCartee, M.S. Nicanor Saliendra, Ph.D. Tufts University Forest Biometeorologist Chevy Chase, MD University of Maryland, Baltimore County Catonsville, MD Robert McGaughy, Ph.D. Silver Spring, MD Christianne Schoedel, M.D. Baltimore, MD Amy Mckinney, Ph.D. Department of Biology Jeffrey Stibick, Ph.D. University of Maryland Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Takoma Park, MD U.S. Department of Agriculture Riverdale, MD Seth Mckinney Master's Candidate Taryn Sudol Takoma Park, MD Master's Candidate University of Maryland Maile Neel, Ph.D. College Park, MD Associate Professor Department of Plant Science & Landscape Architecture Crystal Thomas University of Maryland Senior Faculty Research Assistant College Park, MD Center for Environmental Science University of Maryland Stephen Obrien, Ph.D. Easton, MD Director Laboratory of Genomic Diversity William Varettoni National Cancer Institute-National Institutes of Health Doctoral Candidate Frederick, MD University of Maryland Silver Spring, MD Jeremy Peichel Master's Candidate Brittany West Berwyn Heights, MD Doctoral Candidate University of Maryland Heather Phipps, M.S. Chevy Chase, MD Silver Spring, MD William Williams, Ph.D. Robert Resnik, Ph.D. Professor Bethesda, MD Department of Biology St. Mary's College of Maryland Tina Rhea, M.S. Dameron, MD Greenbelt, MD Ernest Willoughby, Ph.D. Sarah Rockwell Professor Emeritus Doctoral Candidate Department of Biology Department of Biology St. Mary's College of Maryland University of Maryland Lexington Park, MD College Park, MD Allen Yun, Ph.D. David Ruppert Rockville, MD Doctoral Candidate University of Maryland College Park, MD

Massachusetts

Peter Alpert, Ph.D. Gabrielle Crueger, Ph.D. Department of Biology Lowell, MA University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA Caroline Dahlberg, Ph.D. Tufts University Owen Barcala, M.S. Boston, MA Allston, MA Shermin de Silva, Ph.D. Tobias Baskin, Ph.D. Harvard University Professor Somerville, MA University of Massachusetts, Amherst Amherst, MA Rebecca Dell Doctoral Candidate David Boufford, Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole Senior Scientist Oceanographic Institution Herbaria Cambridge, MA Harvard University Cambridge, MA Marshall Deutsch, Ph.D. Sudbury, MA Chris Buelow Massachusetts Natural Heritage and Valentina Di Santo Endangered Species Program Doctoral Candidate Gilbertville, MA Boston University Boston, MA Sherri Carlson Master's Candidate David Dow, Ph.D. Wakefield, MA East Falmouth, MA

Susan Chapnick, M.S. Betsy Dumont, Ph.D. Principal Scientist Amherst, MA New Environmental Horizons, Inc. Arlington, MA Russell Gaulin, M.S. Senior GIS Analyst Gib Chase, M.S. Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Northboro, MA Winchendon, MA

Vivian Cheng Corey Godfrey, M.S. Master's Candidate Brighton, MA Westborough, MA Susan Goldhor, Ph.D. Jim Corven, Ph.D. Cambridge, MA Professor Department of Natural Sciences Sandra Haire, Ph.D. Bristol Community College Research Associate Sandwich, MA Department of Environmental Conservation University of Massachusetts R. Crandlemere, M.S. Amherst, MA Environmental Professional R. W. Crandlemere, LLC Holbrook, MA

Alison Hill David Mark Welch, Ph.D. Doctoral Candidate Associate Scientist Department of Biophysics Josephine Bay Paul Center Harvard University Marine Biological Laboratory Somerville, MA East Falmouth, MA

Cheryl Holdren, Ph.D. Christopher Marx, Ph.D. Falmouth, MA Associate Professor Department of Organismic & Evolutionary Biology Peter Houlihan, Ph.D. Harvard University Instructor Somerville, MA Department of Biology University of Massachusetts, Amherst Hillery Metz Sunderland, MA Doctoral Candidate Department of Organismic & Evolutionary Biology Michael Hutson, M.S. Harvard University Carlisle, MA Cambridge, MA

Kevin Keegan Christiane Meyer, Ph.D. Newton, MA University of Massachusetts, Amherst Amherst, MA Rick Kesseli, Ph.D. Professor Johnes Moore, Ph.D. Department of Biology Professor (retired) University of Massachusetts, Boston Department of Biology Milton, MA Salem State University Marblehead, MA Michele Klingbeil, Ph.D. Associate Professor Michael Moore, Ph.D. University of Massachusetts Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Belchertown, MA Woods Hole, MA

Denise Lello, Ph.D. Michael Nelson, Ph.D. Department of Biology Massachusetts Division of Fisheries & Wildlife Smith College Westborough, MA Northampton, MA Benjamin Normark, Ph.D. Susan Leschine, Ph.D. Associate Professor Professor Department of Plant, Soil and Insect Sciences University of Massachusetts, Amherst University of Massachusetts, Amherst Amherst, MA Leverett, MA

Richard Littauer Danielle O'Dell, M.S. Master's Candidate Nantucket Conservation Foundation University of Edinburgh Nantucket, MA Truro, MA Jean O'Neil, Ph.D. Tom Litwin, Ph.D. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Director, Clark Science Center Hatfield, MA Department of Biological Sciences Smith College Jason Otterstrom Whately, MA Doctoral Candidate Harvard University Boston, MA

Charles Patterson, D.V.M. Leslie Smith, Ph.D. Norwell, MA Professor Department of Biological Sciences Richard Payne, Ph.D. Smith College Oceanographer Emeritus Northampton, MA Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution West Falmouth, MA Luke Thompson, Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Jason Racela, M.S. Boston, MA Williams College Adams, MA Philip Tomlinson, Ph.D. Greenfield, MA Laura Radville Master's Candidate Ian Wang, Ph.D. University of Rhode Island Department of Organismic & Evolutionary Biology West Newbury, MA Harvard University Cambridge, MA J Reed, Ph.D. Professor Marc Weiss, Ph.D. Department of Biology Brewster, MA Tufts University Medford, MA Daniel Weissman, Ph.D. Cambridge, MA Allen Rutberg, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Jonathan Wittenberg, Ph.D. Department of Environment and Population Health Professor Emeritus Tufts University Department of Physiology & Biophysics Holliston, MA Albert Einstein College of Medicine Woods Hole, MA Peter Samal, Ph.D. University of Massachusetts George Woodwell, Ph.D. Montague, MA Director Emeritus, Distinguished Scientist The Woods Hole Research Center Stephen Sarikas, Ph.D. Woods Hole, MA Professor Department of Mathematics & Science Richard Wright, Ph.D. Lasell College Byfield, MA Chelsea, MA Kayvan Zainabadi, Ph.D. Daniel Schott, Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Harvard University Boston, MA Belmont, MA Linda Zaitlin, Ph.D. Dennis Searcy, Ph.D. Harvard, MA University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA Marc Zimmerman, Ph.D. Hydrologist Patricia Serrentino, M.S. U.S. Geological Survey Greenfield, MA Hudson, MA

Renee Shapiro, M.S. Senior Associate Scientist Department of Drug Discovery Biogen Idec Brighton, MA

Michigan

Peter Albers, Ph.D. Johannes Foufopoulos, Ph.D. Traverse City, MI Associate Professor School of Natural Resources & Environment Norman Andresen, Ph.D. University of Michigan Ypsilanti, MI Ann Arbor, MI

Catherine Badgley, Ph.D. Sharon Gill, Ph.D. Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Western Michigan University University of Michigan Kalamazoo, MI Chelsea, MI Allison Harris, Ph.D. Kali Bird Detroit, MI Master's Candidate Michigan State University David Karowe, Ph.D. Hickory Corners, MI Professor Department of Biological Sciences Goran Blomberg, Ph.D. Western Michigan University Lansing, MI Kalamazoo, MI

Robert Cruden, Ph.D. Paul Kerman, M.S. Saline, MI Sterling Heights, MI

Charles Cubbage, Ph.D. Lacey Knowles, Ph.D. Paw Paw, MI Associate Professor Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Tanya Dewey, Ph.D. University of Michigan University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI Ann Arbor, MI Justin Lawrence Mark Downey Master's Candidate Master's Candidate Department of Fisheries & Wildlife Duke University Michigan State University Petoskey, MI Lansing, MI

Manfred Engelmann, Ph.D. John Lorand, Ph.D. Michigan State University Professor Emeritus East Lansing, MI Central Michigan University Mount Pleasant, MI Ted Feldpausch, Ph.D. Fowler, MI Michelle Lute Doctoral Candidate Daniel Fisher, Ph.D. Department of Fisheries & Wildlife Professor/Curator Michigan State University University of Michigan East Lansing, MI Ann Arbor, MI Stephen Malcolm, Ph.D. David Flaspohler, Ph.D. Professor School of Forest Resources Department of Biological Sciences Michigan Technological University Western Michigan University Houghton, MI Kalamazoo, MI

Leslie Mertz, Ph.D. Dana Richter, Ph.D. Adjunct Faculty Department of Forest Resources Fish Lake Biology Program Michigan Technological University Eastern Michigan University Hancock, MI Kalkaska, MI Karel Rogers, Ph.D. K. Murray, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus Professor Department of Biology Department of Biology Grand Valley State University Hope College West Olive, MI Holland, MI Susan Starr, M.S. Division of Anatomy Philip Myers, Ph.D. University of Michigan Professor Pinckney, MI Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan Casey Taylor, M.S. Ann Arbor, MI University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI Michael Nelson, Ph.D. Associate Professor Robert Venner, M.S. Department of Fisheries & Wildlife Nature Center Director Michigan State University DeGraaf Nature Center East Lansing, MI Pullman, MI Maarten Vonhof, Ph.D. Rolf Peterson, Ph.D. Department of Biological Sciences Research Professor Western Michigan University School of Forest Resources & Environmental Science Kalamazoo, MI Michigan Technological University Houghton, MI Heather Wendel Doctoral Candidate David Pitts, Ph.D. University of South Florida Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chassell, MI Wayne State University Pleasant Ridge, MI

Ralph Powell, Ph.D. Faculty Emeritus Eastern Michigan University Ann Arbor, MI

Minnesota

Chel Anderson Randy Calcote, Ph.D. Plant Ecologist University of Minnesota Grand Marais, MN Roseville, MN

Lois Braun, Ph.D. W. Cunningham, Ph.D. Department of Agronomy & Plant Genetics University of Minnesota University of Minnesota Saint Paul, MN Saint Paul, MN

Nicholas Deacon, Ph.D. Paul Magee, Ph.D. Minneapolis, MN Professor Emeritus Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, & Development Michael Foreman University of Minnesota Professional Engineer St. Paul, MN Department of Civil Engineering Iowa State University Ulrike Munderloh, Ph.D. Apple Valley, MN University of Minnesota Roseville, MN Evan Hazard, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus Earl Rosenwinkel, Ph.D. Department of Biology Duluth, MN Bemidji State University Bemidji, MN Linda Rutledge, Ph.D. Department of Biology Steven Hennes, M.S. Trent University Centerville, MN Lakefield, MN

Margaret Kuchenreuther, Ph.D. Ruth Shaw, Ph.D. Associate Professor Professor University of Minnesota, Morris Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior Morris, MN University of Minnesota Roseville, MN Randal Leggett Minneapolis, MN Jeffrey Wiles Master's Candidate Mike Link, M.S. Hopkins, MN Professor Hamline University Camdilla Wirth Willow River, MN Ely, MN

Alexandra Lodge John Yount, Ph.D. Doctoral Candidate Duluth, MN Department of Natural Resources Science & Management University of Minnesota Saint Paul, MN

Mississippi

Kristina Baker, M.S. James Lazell, Ph.D. Mississippi State University The Conservation Agency Lambert, MS Jackson, MS

Christine Bertz Mark Peterson, Ph.D. Doctoral Candidate Professor University of Mississippi University of Southern Mississippi Oxford, MS Ocean Springs, MS

Missouri

Matthew Albrecht, Ph.D. Rosemarie Mier, M.S. Missouri Botanical Garden Mineral Area College St. Louis, MO Fredericktown, MO

Allan Bornstein, Ph.D. Lopamudra Mohanty, M.S. Professor St. Peters, MO Department of Biology Southeast Missouri State University Daniel Ruzicka, Ph.D. Cape Girardeau, MO Post-Doctoral Research Fellow Donald Danforth Plant Science Center Rainer Busmann, Ph.D. Kirkwood, MO Missouri Botanical Garden St Louis, MO Heidi Schmidt, M.S. Flora of North America Emily Coffey Missouri Botanical Garden Doctoral Candidate Saint Louis, MO D.Phil Researcher University of Oxford Alexander Wait, Ph.D. St. Louis, MO Missouri State University Springfield, MO Peter Hoch, Ph.D. Science and Conservation Morgan Wehtje, M.S. Missouri Botanical Garden Columbia, MO St. Louis, MO

Kathryn Kennedy, Ph.D. Executive Director Center for Plant Conservation St. Louis, MO

Montana

Heather Adams, Ph.D. David Chambers, Ph.D. Montana State University Center for Science in Public Participation Bozeman, MT Bozeman, MT

Jennifer Belovsky, M.S. William Costain, M.S. University of Notre Dame U.S. Forest Service Charlo, MT Helena, MT

Norman Bishop Scott Creel, Ph.D. Master's Candidate Professor Yellowstone Center for Resources Montana State University National Park Service Bozeman, MT Bozeman, MT

Edith Dooley Karen Laitala Master's Candidate Master's Candidate College of Forestry and Conservation Project Coordinator University of Montana Powell County Missoula, MT Noxious Weed Board Deer Lodge, MT Christopher Frissell, Ph.D. Pacific Rivers Council Twila Moon Polson, MT Doctoral Candidate University of Washington Alexis Gibson Big Sky, MT Doctoral Candidate University of Montana Kylie Paul, M.S. Missoula, MT Missoula, MT

Mark Hebblewhite, Ph.D. Kali Pennick Assistant Professor Master's Candidate Department of Wildlife Biology College of Forestry and Conservation University of Montana University of Montana Missoula, MT Missoula, MT

Matthew Jones, M.S. Justin Runyon, Ph.D. Research Scientist Bozeman, MT University of Montana Missoula, MT Scott Samuels, Ph.D. University of Montana Sara Jones, M.S. Missoula, MT Missoula, MT Pamela Spinelli, M.S. Timmothy Kaminski, M.S. Senior Wildlife Ecologist Wildlife Biologist Garcia and Associates Mountain Livestock Cooperative Bozeman, MT Montana, MT

Nebraska

William Boernke, Ph.D. Larkin Powell, Ph.D. Emeritus Professor Professor Department of Biology Department of Conservation Biology Nebraska Wesleyan University University of Nebraska, Lincoln Lincoln, NE Lincoln, NE

Delie Roselyn Cerutis, Ph.D. Julia Russ Associate Professor University of Nebraska, Lincoln Department of Oral Biology Lincoln, NE Creighton University Waterloo, NE

Nevada

Willliam Belknap, M.S. Zeb Hogan, Ph.D. Boulder City, NV University of Nevada, Reno Reno, NV Jim Boone, Ph.D. Desert Wildlife Consultants, LLC Rob Mrowka, M.S. Las Vegas, NV Center for Biological Diversity North Las Vegas, NV Peter Brussard, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus Jennifer Newmark, M.S. Department of Biology Program Director University of Nevada, Reno Heritage Program Reno, NV Reno, NV

Sandra Carroll, Ph.D. Brett Riddle, Ph.D. Reno, NV University of Nevada, Las Vegas Las Vegas, NV Sudeep Chandra, Ph.D. Associate Professor Javier Rodriguez, Ph.D. University of Nevada Associate Dean Reno, NV School of Life Sciences University of Nevada, Las Vegas James Deacon, Ph.D. Las Vegas, NV Distinguished Professor Emeritus University of Nevada, Las Vegas Raymond Saumure, Ph.D. Henderson, NV Director WildFauna Inc. George Harvey, Ph.D. Las Vegas, NV American Association for the Advancement of Science Reno, NV Stephen Zitzer, Ph.D. Assistand Research Professor Alex Heindl, M.S. Department of Earth & Ecosystem Sciences Desert WalkAbouts, Inc. Desert Research Institute Henderson, NV Las Vegas, NV

New Hampshire

Edward Carey, Ph.D. Richard Holmes, Ph.D. Regional Sweetpotato Breeder Research Professor International Potato Center Department of Biological Sciences Gilford, NH Grantham, NH Jeffrey Evans, Ph.D. Department of Biology Dartmouth College Lebanon, NH

Anita Klein, Ph.D. Christine Schadler Associate Professor Doctoral Candidate Department of Biological Sciences Wild Canid Ecologist University of Project Coyote Newmarket, NH Strafford, NH

Bridget O'Neill, Ph.D. Christine Volonte Research Fellow Master's Candidate Trinity College Department of Environmental Studies Amehrst, NH Antioch University New England Westmoreland, NH Nur Ritter, Ph.D. Franklin Pierce University Hancock, NH

New Jersey

Daniel Baransky, M.S. Marian Glenn, Ph.D. Milford, NJ Department of Biological Sciences Seton Hall University Wesley Brooks Summit, NJ Doctoral Candidate Rutgers University Sharon Guynup, M.S. New Brunswick, NJ Hoboken, NJ

John Cantilli, M.S. Cheryl Harding, Ph.D. Cranford, NJ Professor Hunter College, City University of New York Robert Cooper Stanton, NJ Doctoral Candidate Princeton University David Howe, M.S. Princeton, NJ Rutgers University New Brunswick, NJ William Cromartie, Ph.D. Associate Professor Stuart Kaplan, Ph.D. Department of Environmental Science Teaneck, NJ Richard Stockton College Egg Harbor City, NJ Inga La Puma Doctoral Candidate Robert DeLeys, Ph.D. Rutgers University Three Bridges, NJ Villas, NJ

Andy Dobson, Ph.D. Anna Luiten, M.S. Professor Ecologist Princeton University Monmouth County Park System Princeton, NJ Rumson, NJ

Abraham Eastwood, Ph.D. Cliffside Park, NJ

Michael May, Ph.D. William Shadel, M.S. Professor Keyport, NJ Department of Entomology Rutgers University Gleb Shumyatsky, Ph.D. Cranbury, NJ Assistant Professor Rutgers University David Mizrahi, Ph.D. Tenafly, NJ Vice-president for Research Research Lorraine Soisson, Ph.D. New Jersey Audubon Society Initiatives Inc. Cape May Court House, NJ Hillsborough, NJ

Cassandra Nunez, Ph.D. Kimberly Spiegel, M.S. Associate Research Scholar Folsom, NJ Princeton University Princeton, NJ

Laurence Romsted, Ph.D. Professor Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology Rutgers University Highland Park, NJ

New Mexico

Donald Duszynski, Ph.D. Peter Stacey, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus Research Professor Office of the President University of New Mexico University of New Mexico Santa Fe, NM Albuquerque, NM Robert Tafanelli, Ph.D. Daniel Levenson, D.V.M. Professor (retired) Albuquerque, NM New Mexico State University Las Cruces, NM Jeremy McClain, M.S. SWCA Environmental Consultants Shawn Whiteman Albuquerque, NM Doctoral Candidate Department of Biology Ursula Shepherd, Ph.D. University of New Mexico Associate Professor Albuquerque, NM University of New Mexico Placitas, NM Becky Williams, Ph.D. New Mexico State University Las Cruces, NM

New York

Trina Bassoff, Ph.D. Jillian Cohen Jefferson, NY Doctoral Candidate Michael Batek Lansing, NY Doctoral Candidate Project Manager Frederick Cross, Ph.D. Department of Education Rockefeller University Hobart and William Smith Colleges New York, NY Geneva, NY Gregory Cunningham, Ph.D. Mary Ann Bayne, M.S. Department of Biology Worcester, NY St. John Fisher College Rochester, NY Michael Bell, Ph.D. Professor John Dennehy, Ph.D. Department of Ecology & Evolution Assistant Professor Stony Brook Univresity Department of Biology Stony Brook, NY Queens College Flushing, NY Michael Bennett, Ph.D. Professor Anthony Di Fiore, Ph.D. Department of Neuroscience Associate Professor Albert Einstein College of Medicine Department of Anthropology New Rochelle, NY New York University New York, NY Carol Berman, Ph.D. State University of New York Anne Dranginis, Ph.D. Orchard Park, NY Professor Department of Biological Sciences Russell Burke, Ph.D. St. John's University Professor Glen Cove, NY Department of Biology Hofstra University John Dubendorff, Ph.D. Hempstead, NY Research Scientist Nanoprobes, Inc. Harold Burstyn, Ph.D. Sound Beach, NY Adjunct Professor L. C. Smith College of Engineering & Computer M. Caitlin Fisher-Reid Science Doctoral Candidate Syracuse University Stony Brook University Syracuse, NY Setauket, NY

Thomas Butler, M.S. Sarah Gagnon, Ph.D. Site Manager West Danby, NY Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies Groton, NY Maria Goebel Salisbury Mills, NY Alcmene Chalazonitis, Ph.D. Senior Research Scientist Jay Greenberg, Ph.D. Columbia University Rochester, NY Larchmont, NY

Michael Hadjiargyrou, Ph.D. Glen Lawrence, Ph.D. Associate Professor Professor Stony Brook University Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Coram, NY Long Island University Brooklyn, NY Geoffrey Heal, Ph.D. Professor , Ph.D. Columbia Business School Distinguished Senior Scientist New York, NY Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies Clinton Corners, NY Robert Henshaw, Ph.D. Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecologist (retired) Janet Marsden New York State Department of Environmental Doctoral Candidate Conservation Syracuse University West Sand Lake, NY Red Creek, NY

Marty Hiller, Ph.D. Sona Mason Ithaca, NY Master's Candidate Rutgers University Kurt Jirka, M.S. Pearl River, NY Research Support Specialist Cornell University Dana Mccoskey Ithaca, NY Research Technician Ithaca, NY Robert Johnson, Ph.D. Associate Professor Anna Mockler, M.S. Department of Math & Science City University of New York Medaille College Brooklyn, NY Clarence Center, NY Christopher Nagy Marilyn Jordan, Ph.D. Doctoral Candidate Senior Conservation Scientist Department of Biology Long Island Chapter City University of New York The Nature Conservancy New York, NY Huntington Station, NY Yuko Nakajima, Ph.D. Jacquelyn Kallunki, Ph.D. The Rockefeller University Herbarium New York, NY The New York Botanical Garden Bronx, NY Richard Ostfeld, Ph.D. Senior Scientist Arthur Kopelman, Ph.D. Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies Distinguished Professor Millbrook, NY Department of Science & Mathematics State University of New York, Fashion Institute of Alicia Perez-Fuentetaja, Ph.D. Technology Associate Professor West Sayville, NY Department of Biology State University of New York, Buffalo Lawrence Kress, Ph.D. East Aurora, NY Amherst, NY

Eileen Larney Doctoral Candidate Centre ValBio Washingtonville, NY

David Pimentel, Ph.D. Susan Suarez, Ph.D. Professor Professor Department of Entomology Department of Biomedical Sciences Cornell University Cornell University Ithaca, NY Ithaca, NY

George Profous, M.S. Nagamani Sukumar, Ph.D. New Paltz, NY Department of Chemistry Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute George Robinson, Ph.D. Troy, NY Professor Department of Biology Stephen Tettelbach, Ph.D. University at Albany, State University of New York Professor Albany, NY Long Island University Brookville, NY C. Russell, Ph.D. Professor Emerita Randall Tyers, Ph.D. Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry New York, NY City College, CUNY New York, NY Mark Vian, M.S. Restoration Ecologist Robin Seeley, Ph.D. New York City Department of Education Assistant Director Palenville, NY Shoals Marine Laboratory Cornell University John M. Waud, Ph.D. Ithaca, NY Department of Biological Sciences Rochester Institute of Technology Julian Shepherd, Ph.D. Pittsford, NY Department of Biological Sciences Binghamton University Marjorie Weber Binghamton, NY Doctoral Candidate Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Fred Sibley, M.S. Cornell University Collection Manager (retired) Ithaca, NY Peabody Museum Yale University Judith Weis, Ph.D. Alpine, NY Professor Department of Biological Sciences Joshua Simpson Rutgers University Doctoral Candidate New York, NY Department of Biology City University of New York John Wiens, Ph.D. New York, NY Associate Professor Department of Ecology & Evolution Rebecca Smyth, Ph.D. Stony Brook University Cornell University Stony Brook, NY Ithaca, NY Brenda Young, Ph.D. E. Richard Stanley, Ph.D. Professor Professor Daemen College Albert Einstein College of Medicine Clarence Center, NY Bronx, NY

David Straus, Ph.D. Gardiner, NY

North Carolina

Janine Albaugh, Ph.D. Kathryn Crane North Carolina State University Master's Candidate Raleigh, NC Beaufort, NC

Nell Allen, M.S. Morgan Crawford, M.S. Rare Plant Curator Durham, NC Department of Horticulture North Carolina Zoological Park Amy Davis Aberdeen, NC Doctoral Candidate Department of Geography & Earth Science Corey Anco University of North Carolina, Charlotte Master's Candidate Harlotte, NC Durham, NC Kristana Erikson Michael Barrett Master's Candidate Master's Candidate Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University Duke University Durham, NC Durham, NC

Barbara Burkhart, Ph.D. Sara Evans Apex, NC Master's Candidate Asheville, NC Lawrence Cahoon, Ph.D. Certified Senior Ecologist David Grant, Ph.D. Department of Biology & Marine Biology Professor Emeritus University of North Carolina, Wilmington Department of Biology Wilmington, NC Davidson College Davidson, NC Kefyn Catley, Ph.D. Professor Khara Grieger, Ph.D. Department of Biology Technical University of Denmark Western Carolina University Clayton, NC Sylva, NC William Kastern, Ph.D. Barney Caton, Ph.D. Randleman, NC U.S. Department of Agriculture Hillsborough, NC Lisa Kelly, Ph.D. Department of Biology Ronald Clayton, M.S. University of North Carolina, Pembroke Fayetteville, NC Pembroke, NC

Sandra Cooke, Ph.D. John King, Ph.D. Duke University Associate Professor Durham, NC Department of Forestry & Environmental Resources North Carolina State University John E. Cooper, Ph.D. Raleigh, NC Research Curator of Crustaceans Department of Aquatic Invertebrates Andre Kota, M.S. North Carolina State Museum of Natural Sciences Foothills Conservancy of North Carolina Raleigh, NC Morganton, NC

Lynn Maguire, Ph.D. Matthew Rubino Professor Doctoral Candidate Duke University Research Associate Durham, NC Department of Biology North Carolina State University Helmut Mueller, Ph.D. Raleigh, NC Professor Emeritus Department of Biology Brandon Semel University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Durham, NC Chapel Hill, NC Anthony Snider, Ph.D. Emily Myron University of North Carolina, Wilmington Duke University Wilmington, NC Durham, NC Krithika Umakanth Asko Noormets, Ph.D. Nicholas School of the Environment Research Associate Professor Duke University Department of Forestry & Environmental Resources Durham, NC North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC Alan Weakley, Ph.D. Professor Stuart Pimm, Ph.D. Department of Biology Doris Duke Chair of Conservation University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Nicholas School of the Environment Chapel Hill, NC Duke University Durham, NC Peter White, Ph.D. Professor Jason Riggio Department of Biology Duke University University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Durham, NC Chapel Hill, NC

Donita Robinson, Ph.D. Jenny Xiang, Ph.D. University of North Carolina Associate Professor Durham, NC Department of Plant Biology North Carolina State University Stephanie Roe Raleigh, NC Master's Candidate Duke University Susan Yarnell Durham, NC Doctoral Candidate Chapel Hill, NC

North Dakota

James Grier, Ph.D. Spencer Meeks, Ph.D. Emeritus Professor Professor Emeritus Department of Biological Sciences Department of Chemistry North Dakota State University Minnesota State University, Moorhead Fargo, ND Fargo, ND

Steve Kelsch, Ph.D. Associate Professor Department of Biology University of North Dakota Grand Forks, ND

Ohio

David Berg, Ph.D. David Gorchov, Ph.D. Professor Professor Department of Zoology Department of Botany Miami University Miami University Oxford, OH Oxford, OH

John Blakelock, M.S. Brian Keane, Ph.D. Yellow Springs, OH Associate Professor Department of Zoology Richard Bradley, Ph.D. Miami University Associate Professor Cincinnati, OH Department of Evolution, Ecology, & Organismal Biology Matt Kluber, M.S. The Ohio State University Research Assistant Marion, OH Department of Biology Case Western Reserve University Donald Geiger, Ph.D. Chardon, OH Professor Department of Biology Timothy Matson, Ph.D. University of Dayton Curator Dayton, OH Department of Vertebrate Zoology Cleveland Museum of Natural History Robert Glotzhober, M.S. Cleveland, OH Senior Curator for Natural History Department of Collections Eric Maurer, Ph.D. Ohio Historical Society Department of Biological Sciences Columbus, OH University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, OH Paula Gonzalez, Ph.D. Cincinnati, OH Randy Mitchell, Ph.D. Professor University of Akron Akron, OH

David Modarelli, Ph.D. Gerald Sgro, Ph.D. Akron, OH John Carroll University Cleveland Heights, OH Lowell Nault, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus Michael Sitvarin Department of Entomology Doctoral Candidate The Ohio State University Miami University Wooster, OH Oxford, OH

Marilyn Norconk, Ph.D. Carol Skinner, Ph.D. Kent State University Professor (retired) Youngstown, OH Department of Biology Edinboro University of Pennsylvania Dan Petersen, Ph.D. Chesterland, OH Toxicologist University of Cincinnati John Stireman, Ph.D. Cincinnati, OH Department of Biological Sciences Wright State University Thomas Rooney, Ph.D. Dayton, OH Assistant Professor Wright State University Peter Tolson, Ph.D. Dayton, OH Director of Conservation and Research Department of Conservation James Runkle, Ph.D. The Toledo Zoo Wright State University Toledo, OH Dayton, OH Kristin Vessey, Ph.D. Erin Sams Professor Emeritus Institute of Environmental Sciences Bowling Green State University Miami University of Ohio Bowling Green, OH Oxford, OH Matthew Wilson Paul Schaeffer, Ph.D. Hiram College Assistant Professor Cortland, OH Department of Zoology Miami University James Zagray, M.S. Oxford, OH Kent City Schools Streetsboro, OH

Oklahoma

Rosemary Knapp, Ph.D. Shirley Vincent, Ph.D. Associate Professor Director of Educational Research Department of Zoology National Council for Science and the Environment University of Oklahoma Tulsa, OK Norman, OK Alastair Watson, Ph.D. Rebecca Sherry, Ph.D. Stillwater, OK Research Assistant Professor Department of Botany & Microbiology University of Oklahoma Norman, OK

Oregon

Kelly Amsberry, M.S. Randy Comeleo, M.S. Plant Conservation Biologist Ecologist Native Plant Conservation Program U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Oregon Department of Agriculture Covallis, OR Corvallis, OR Rebecca Currin, M.S. Warren Aney, M.S. Botanist Tigard, OR Oregon Department of Agriculture Corvallis, OR Tiffany Austin, M.S. Portland, OR Thomas Giesen Doctoral Candidate Peter Bayley, Ph.D. Lorane, OR Oregon State University Corvallis, OR Marilyn Harlin, Ph.D. Professor Val Brenneis, Ph.D. University of Rhode Island Portland State University Portland, OR Portland, OR Gary Hartshorn, Ph.D. Nancy Broshot, Ph.D. President & CEO Associate Professor World Forestry Center Department of Environmental Studies Portland, OR Linfield College Oregon City, OR Aaron Heiss Doctoral Candidate Jordan Brown Department of Biology Consevation Biologist Dalhousie University Oregon Department of Agriculture Portland, OR Corvallis, OR Lynne Houck, Ph.D. Oregon State University Corvallis, OR

Robert Hughes, Ph.D. Michele Redmond, M.S. Senior Research Scientist South Beach, OR Amnis Opes Institute Corvallis, OR Janice Reid U.S. Forest Service Frank Isaacs, M.S. Roseburg, OR Philomath, OR Daniel Roby, Ph.D. Patricia Kennedy, Ph.D. Professor Union, OR Oregon State University Corvallis, OR Edward Kushner, Ph.D. Portland, OR Barbara Roy, Ph.D. Professor Bruce Marron, M.S. Department of Biology Portland State University University of Oregon Portland, OR Eugene, OR

Marianne McClure Luis Ruedas, Ph.D. Doctoral Candidate Associate Professor Portland, OR Department of Biology Portland State University Anne Millhollen, Ph.D. Portland, OR University of Oregon Eugene, OR Susan Salafsky, M.S. Colorado State University Bruce Newhouse Corvallis, OR Eugene, OR Susan Shirley, Ph.D. Dennis Odion, Ph.D. Oregon State University Researcher Corvallis, OR Department of Environmental Studies Southern Oregon University Trygve Steen, Ph.D. Ashland, OR Professor Department of Environmental Science & Management Leonard Paur, M.S. Portland State University Union, OR Portland, OR

John Pinto, Ph.D. David Stein, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus Department of Fisheries & Wildlife Department of Entomology Oregon State University University of California, Riverside Philomath, OR Waldport, OR Dave Thomas, M.S. David Pribnow, Ph.D. President Portland, OR McKenzie Flyfishers Eugene, OR Leif Rasmuson Doctoral Candidate William Thwaites, Ph.D. North Bend, OR Professor Emeritus Department of Biology Robin Rauch San Diego State University Bandon, OR Tillamook, OR

Paul Torrence, Ph.D. Charles Welden, Ph.D. Emeritus Professor Professor Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Department of Biology Northern Arizona University Southern Oregon University Williams, OR Ashland, OR

Pepper Trail, Ph.D. John Wiens Southern Oregon University Doctoral Candidate Ashland, OR Corvallis, OR

Vicki Tripoli, Ph.D. Ashland, OR

Pennsylvania

Mark Allen Barath, M.S. Clay Corbin, Ph.D. Environmental Scientist Associate Professor U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Bloomsburg University Willow Grove, PA Bloomsburg, PA

Andrea Bell John de Planque, D.V.M. Environmental Specialist Fleetwood, PA GAI Consultants, Inc. Pittsburgh, PA Candy DeBerry, Ph.D. Department of Biology Nathan Brouwer Washington & Jefferson College Department of Biological Sciences Washington, PA University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA William Freedman, Ph.D. Philadelphia, PA David Byman, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Stanley Furrow, Ph.D. Department of Biology Associate Professor Emeritus Penn State, Worthington Scranton Penn State University Clarks Summit, PA Reading, PA

Noah Chutz, M.S. Jackie Heinl, M.P.H. American University Owner, Wolf Environmental Pittsburgh, PA Beaver, PA

Joseph Colosi, Ph.D. Bruce Hirsch, Ph.D. Associate Professor Drexel University College of Medicine Department of Natural Science Philadelpha, PA DeSales University Emmaus, PA Daniel Janzen, Ph.D. DiMaura Professor of Conservation Biology John Cooper, Ph.D. Department of Biology Professor Emeritus University of Pennsylvania Department of Chemistry Philadelphia, PA Bucknell University Lewisburg, PA

Andrew Johnson, D.V.M. Steven Ropski, Ph.D. Vet Medical Specialists of Pittsburgh Professor Gibsonia, PA Department of Biology Gannon University Mark Johnson, M.S. Erie, PA Audubon, PA Daniel Safer, Ph.D. Peter Karch, Ph.D. Research Investigator Professor Department of Physiology Department of Biology University of Pennsylvania Lehigh Carbon Community College Philadelphia, PA Kutztown, PA Henry Schumacher, M.S. Gretchen Kuldau, Ph.D. Pittsburgh, PA Penn State University State College, PA Kathryn Semmens Doctoral Candidate Frederick Lanni, Ph.D. Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences Associate Professor Lehigh University Department of Biological Sciences Perkiomenville, PA Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA John S. Smith, Ph.D. Department of Biological Sciences Richard Lighty, Ph.D. East Stroudsburg University West Chester, PA Scotrun, PA

Jeannine Mendrola, Ph.D. Rachel Spigler, Ph.D. University of Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Broomall, PA Pittsburgh, PA

Marvin Meyer, Ph.D. Mizuki Takahashi, Ph.D. Wayne, PA Department of Biology Bucknell University Bruce Molholt, Ph.D. Lewisburg, PA Institute for Environmental Studies University of Pennsylvania Edward Thornton, Ph.D. West Chester, PA Professor Department of Chemistry Tim Pearce, Ph.D. University of Pennsylvania Carnegie Museum of Natural Sciences Swarthmore, PA Pittsburgh, PA Christopher Tracey, M.S. Louis Peters, Ph.D. Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program Kennett Square, PA Pittsburgh, PA

Jamie Rafter Liz Tymkiw, M.S. Master's Candidate University of Delaware University of Rhode Island Rosemont, PA Scranton, PA Susan Yatsky, D.V.M. Ann Rhoads, Ph.D. Pottstown, PA Senior Botanist Morris Arboretum University of Pennsylvania Doylestown, PA

Rhode Island

Margot Bergstrom Schwalbe Rainer Lohmann, Ph.D. Doctoral Candidate Associate Professor University of Rhode Island University of Rhode Island Tiverton, RI Narragansett, RI

Matthew Blanchette Amy Maas Doctoral Candidate Doctoral Candidate Department of Biological Sciences Department of Biological Sciences University of Rhode Island University of Rhode Island Kingston, RI Warwick, RI

Jessica Conover Dorothy Read, Ph.D. Master's Candidate Professor Emerita Narragansett, RI Department of Biology University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth Daniel Cox Kingston, RI Entomological Ecologist Department of Biological Sciences Carlyle Storm, Ph.D. University of Rhode Island Kingston, RI Shannock, RI John Szczepanski, M.S. Carol Crafts, Ph.D. University of Rhode Island Associate Professor Wakefield, RI Department of Biology Providence College Trisha Towanda Jamestown, RI Doctoral Candidate Department of Biological Sciences Leanna Heffner University of Rhode Island Doctoral Candidate Shannock, RI Graduate School of Oceanography University of Rhode Island Herman Vandenburgh, Ph.D. North Kingstown, RI Professor Emeritus Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Donald Jackson, Ph.D. Brown University Professor Providence, RI Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology Brown University Providence, RI

South Carolina

William D. Anderson, Jr., Ph.D. Kurt Buhlmann, Ph.D. Grice Marine Biological Laboratory Associate Research Scientist Charleston, SC Savannah River Ecology Laboratory University of Georgia New Ellenton, SC

John Dean, Ph.D. Steven Kuhl, Ph.D. Travelers Rst, SC Science Consultant V&R Consulting Andrew Dyer, Ph.D. Greenwood, SC Associate Professor Department of Biology & Geology Barton Marcy, M.S. University of South Carolina, Aiken Aiken, SC Aiken, SC Richard Montanucci, Ph.D. Blaine Griffen, Ph.D. Associate Professor Emeritus Department of Biological Sciences Department of Biological Sciences University of South Carolina Clemson University Columbia, SC Seneca, SC

Danny Gustafson, Ph.D. David Scott, M.S. Associate Professor Savannah River Ecology Laboratory Department of Biology Aiken, SC The Military College of South Carolina Charleston, SC Johannes Stratmann, Ph.D. Associate Professor Kevin Higgins, Ph.D. Department of Biological Sciences Research Assistant Professor University of South Carolina Department of Biology Irmo, SC University of South Carolina Irmo, SC Allison Welch, Ph.D. Assistant Professor John Hutchens, Jr., Ph.D. Department of Biology Coastal Carolina University College of Charleston Myrtle Beach, SC Charleston, SC

South Dakota

Craig Olawsky, M.S. Susan Rupp, Ph.D. Ecology Research Associate Assistant Professor South Dakota State University Department of Wildlife & Fisheries Sciences Brookings, SD South Dakota State University Brookings, SD Scott Pedersen, Ph.D. Professor Tiffany Schriever South Dakota State University Doctoral Candidate Brookings, SD University of Toronto Sioux Falls, SD

Tennessee

John Andes, M.S. Michael McMahan, Ph.D. Regional Fuels Specialist (retired) Professor Bureau of Indian Affairs Department of Biology U.S. Department of the Interior Union University Mount Juliet, TN Jackson, TN

Danny Bryan Brian Miller, Ph.D. Doctoral Candidate Middle Tennessee State University Assistant Professor Murfreesboro, TN Department of Biology Cumberland University Patrick Rakes, M.S. Lebanon, TN Director Conservation Fisheries, Inc. Gordon Burghardt, Ph.D. Knoxville, TN Alumni Distinguished Service Professor Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Monette Rebecca University of Tennessee Nashville, TN Knoxville, TN Jeanne Ringe Nancy Buschhaus, Ph.D. New Market, TN Professor University of Tennessee, Martin Liane Russell, Ph.D. Paris, TN Oak Ridge National Lab Oak Ridge, TN Robert C Foehring, Ph.D. Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology David Trayer, M.S. University of Tennessee Project Manager (retired) Memphis, TN Tennessee Valley Authority Hixson, TN Don Hubbs, M.S. Mussel Program Coordinator Howard Whiteman, Ph.D. Department of Environmental Services Professor Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency Watershed Studies Institute Camden, TN Murray State University Paris, TN Karen Hughes, Ph.D. Professor Eugene Wofford, Ph.D. Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Research Associate Professor University of Tennessee Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Knoxville, TN University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN Emily LeGrand Crossville, TN

Laura Marsh University of Tennessee Germantown, TN

Texas

Bonnie Amos, Ph.D. William Forbes, Ph.D. Professor Nacogdoches, TX Angelo State University San Angelo, TX Norma Fowler, Ph.D. Professor Lynne Beaty Department of Integrative Biology Master's Candidate University of Texas, Austin Texas Tech University Austin, TX Lubbock, TX Gerald Fowler, Ph.D. Ximena Bernal, Ph.D. Austin, TX Texas Tech University Lubbock, TX Hayley Gillespie Department of Integrative Biology William Brogden, Ph.D. University of Texas, Austin Leander, TX Austin, TX

Stephen Burton, Ph.D. Mary Gilroy, M.S. Houston, TX Environmental Scientist Watershed Protection Department Jonathan Campbell, Ph.D. City of Austin Department of Biology Driftwood, TX University of Texas, Arlington Arlington, TX Karen Green, M.S. Lago Vista Independent School District Deborah Carr, Ph.D. Lago Vista, TX Texas Tech University Lubbock, TX Barbara Gregg, Ph.D. Austin, TX Catherine Childs, M.S. Island Offsets Kerry Griffis-kyle, Ph.D. Galveston, TX Texas Tech University Lubbock, TX Steve Collins Doctoral Candidate Felix Guerrero, Ph.D. Department of Biology Boerne, TX Texas Tech University Lubbock, TX John Harting Doctoral Candidate Robert Edwards, Ph.D. Department of Biological Sciences Professor Texas Tech University Department of Biology Lubbock, TX University of Texas, Pan American Edinburg, TX Tigga Kingston, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Quinn Emmering Texas Tech University Department of Biological Sciences Lubbock, TX Texas Tech University Lubbock, TX

Amy Kuczynski Caleb Phillips, Ph.D. Doctoral Candidate Post-doctoral Fellow Texas Tech University Texas Tech Lubbock, TX Lubbock, TX

Thomas La Point, Ph.D. William Resetarits, Ph.D. Professor & Senior Scientist Professor Department of Biology Department of Biological Sciences University of North Texas Texas Tech University Denton, TX Lubbock, TX

Troy Ladine, Ph.D. Volker Rudolf, Ph.D. Professor Assistant Professor Department of Biology Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology East Texas Baptist University Rice University Marshall, TX Houston, TX

Robert Landolt, Ph.D. Thomas Shirley, Ph.D. Emeritus Professor Endowed Chair Texas Wesleyan University Harte Research Institute Arlington, TX Texas A&M University Corpus Christi Corpus Christi, TX Benjamin Liles, Ph.D. Professor Ray Telfair II, Ph.D. Temple College Certified Wildlife Biologist Salado, TX Whitehouse, TX

Craig Linder, Ph.D. Martin Terry, Ph.D. Associate Professor Department of Biology Department of Integrative Biology Sul Ross State University University of Texas, Austin Alpine, TX Austin, TX Guy Thompson, Ph.D. Hillary Loring, M.S. Department of Molecular Cell & Developmental Washington, TX Biology University of Texas William Mackay, Ph.D. Austin, TX Professor University of Texas Michael Tuvim, Ph.D. El Paso, TX Professor Department of Pulmonary Medicine Wendi Moran, M.S. University of Texas, Anderson Cancer Center Department of Biology Houston, TX Hardin-Simmons University Abilene, TX Matthew Vaughn, Ph.D. Texas Advanced Computing Center Kendra Phelps University of Texas, Austin Doctoral Candidate Austin, TX Department of Biological Sciences Texas Tech University Lubbock, TX

Utah

William Adair, Ph.D. C. Riley Nelson, Ph.D. Logan, UT Professor Department of Biology Alex Anderson Brigham Young University Utah Division of Water Quality Provo, UT Salt Lake City, UT William Newmark, Ph.D. Dennis Bramble, Ph.D. Research Curator Professor Emeritus Utah Museum of Natural History Department of Biology University of Utah University of Utah Salt Lake Cty, UT Escalante, UT Robert Robbins, Ph.D. Todd Capson, Ph.D. Professor Salt Lake City, UT Department of Biology Utah Valley University Phyllis Coley, Ph.D. Orem, UT Distinguished Professor University of Utah Hugh Roberts, Ph.D. Salt Lake City, UT Cedar City, UT

Rita Dodge, M.S. W. Wright Robinson, M.S. Director of Conservation Moab, UT Department of Conservation Red Butte Botanical Garden and Arboretum Sam Rushforth, Ph.D. Salt Lake City, UT Utah Valley University Orem, UT Jeffrey Eaton, Ph.D. Professor Renee Van Buren, Ph.D. Department of Geosciences Department of Biology Weber State University Utah Valley University Ogden, UT Orem, UT

Eric Gese, Ph.D. Erica von Allmen, M.S. Logan, UT Salt Lake City, UT

Barrie Gilbert, Ph.D. Thomas Yuill, Ph.D. Senior Scientist/Assistant Professor (retired) Professor Emeritus Department of Wildland Resources Department of Pathobiological Sciences Utah State University University of Wisconsin, Madison Wolfe Island, UT Mapleton, UT

Vermont

Heather Axen Marc Lapin, Ph.D. Doctoral Candidate Program in Environmental Studies Department of Biology Middlebury College University of Vermont Cornwall, VT Burlington, VT Gwynne Lewis, Ph.D. Rebecca Boulton, Ph.D. Montpelier, VT Adelaide, VT Gary Meffe`, Ph.D. Kathleen Doyle, Ph.D. Adjunct Professor Green Mountain College University of Florida Middletown Springs, VT Brandon, VT

Rick Enser, M.S. Donald Ross, Ph.D. New England Plant Conservation Program University of Vermont Braintree, VT Burlington, VT

Becky Herbig, M.S. Alison Seigel, Ph.D. Community College of Vermont Middlebury College South Burlington, VT Middlebury, VT

William Johnson, Ph.D. Peter Smith, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus Adjunct Professor Department of Animal Science Department of Environmental Liberal Arts North Carolina State University Green Mountain College West Dummerston, VT Belmont, VT

Virginia

Thomas Brooks, Ph.D. G. William Claus, Ph.D. Chief Scientist and VP for Science Professor (retired) NatureServe Virginia Tech Arlington, VA Blacksburg, VA

John Cannon, Ph.D. Matt Cormons Front Royal, VA Parksley, VA

Ela-Sita Carpenter, M.S. Alycia Crall, Ph.D. Newport News, VA Colorado State University Charlottesville, VA John Chermak, Ph.D. Virginia Tech Deana Crumbling, M.S. Blacksburg, VA Environmental Scientist Office of Superfund Remediation U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Alexandria, VA

Becky Daiss, M.S. Chris Hogger, Ph.D. Arlington, VA Scottsville, VA

Desiree Di Mauro, Ph.D. Rachel Jabaily, Ph.D. Vienna, VA Department of Biology Old Dominion University Jennifer Dreyer, M.S. Norfolk, VA Virigina Institute of Marine Science Newport News, VA John Knox, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus Todd Fearer, Ph.D. Department of Biology Science Coordinator Washington and Lee University Appalachian Mountains Joint Venture Lexington, VA Christiansburg, VA Kashka Kubzdela, Ph.D. Rachel Ford United States Department of Education Department of Environmental Science & Policy Oakton, VA George Mason University Alexandria, VA Leslie LaConte, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Gerald Frost Virginia Tech Doctoral Candidate Roanoke, VA Department of Environmental Sciences University of Virginia Louis Landesman, Ph.D. Charlottesville, VA Cooperative Extension Virginia State University Stephen W Fuller, Ph.D. Colonial Heights, VA Professor Department of Biological Sciences Judith Lang, Ph.D. University of Mary Washington Ophelia, VA Fredericksburg, VA Thera Lombardi Kenneth Gigliello, M.S. Virginia Tech Centreville, VA Blacksburg, VA

Kenneth Gigliello, M.S. Elizabeth McClellan, Ph.D. Centreville, VA Department of Geology Radford University Alan Griffith, Ph.D. Radford, VA Associate Professor Department of Biological Sciences Anthony Rabbani University of Mary Washington Master's Candidate Fredericksburg, VA College of Science George Mason University Jackson Harper, Ph.D. Annandale, VA Clifton, VA Beverly Silver, Ph.D. Alan Heath, Ph.D. Associate Professor Emerita Professor Emeritus Department of Biology Department of Biological Sciences James Madison University Virginia Tech Harrisonburg, VA Blacksburg, VA

Sarah Swank, Ph.D. Abbie Tomba, Ph.D. Professor Emerita Assistant Professor Department of Biology Department of Biological Sciences Bridgewater College University of Mary Washington Bridgewater, VA Spotsylvania, VA

Melanie Szulczewski, Ph.D. George Wallace, Ph.D. Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences Vice President, Oceans and Islands Division University of Mary Washington American Bird Conservancy Fredericksburg, VA The Plains, VA

Washington

Margaret Alic, Ph.D. Roger de Roos, Ph.D. Eastsound, WA University of Missouri Friday Harbor, WA Martha Atkinson, M.S. U.S. National Park Service Danica Demilio, M.S. Valley, WA Seattle, WA

Jeffrey Azerrad, M.S. Steve Desimone, M.S. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Fish and Wildlife Biologist Vancouver, WA Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife Olympia, WA Kristy Brady, M.S. Department of Biology Denise Di Santo, M.S. University of Washington City of Calgary Seattle, WA Newcastle, WA

Jesse Brunner, Ph.D. J. Mark Egger Assistant Professor Research Associate, Teacher School of Biological Sciences Burke Museum Washington State University Seattle, WA Pullman, WA Claire Egtvedt Morgan Busby, M.S. Director of Quality Assurance & Product Development Research Fisheries Biologist (retired) National Marine Fisheries Service Wards Cove Packing Company National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Mukilteo, WA Kenmore, WA Richard Ellison, M.S. Douglas Clarkson, Ph.D. North Seattle Community College Renton, WA Seattle, WA

James Davis, Ph.D. Brenna Forester Scientist Director (retired) Master's Candidate U.S. Public Health Service Department of Environmental Sciences Wenatchee, WA Western Washington University Bellingham, WA

Richard Gammon, Ph.D. David Manuwal, Ph.D. Professor Professor School of Oceanography School of Forest Resources University of Washington University of Washington Shoreline, WA Woodinville, WA

David Geroux, M.S. John Marzluff, Ph.D. Olympia, WA Professor Department of Forest Resources James Hallett, Ph.D. University of Washington Department of Biology Seattle, WA Eastern Washington University Cheney, WA Joan Mc Gilton, M.S. Mayor Charles Halpern, Ph.D. City of Burien Seattle, WA Burien, WA

Tanner Harris, M.S. Melissa McKay, M.S. Kent, WA Edmonds Community College Lynnwood, WA Peter Hodum, Ph.D. Department of Biology Steven Minta, Ph.D. University of Puget Sound Port Townsend, WA Tacoma, WA Margaret Oconnell, Ph.D. Elton Homan, Ph.D. Professor Port Angeles, WA Eastern Washington University Cheney, WA David Hoopaugh Seattle, WA Emily Orling Seattle, WA Claire Horner-Devine, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Jenifer Parsons, M.S. School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences Yakima, WA University of Washington Seattle, WA Dennis Paulson, Ph.D. Slater Museum of Natural History Nathaniel Hough-Snee, M.S. University of Puget Sound Seattle, WA Tacoma, WA

Heather Huppe, Ph.D. Eleni Petrou Seattle, WA Master's Candidate University of Washington Dorothy Jordan, D.V.M. Seattle, WA Lynden, WA Joanne Polayes, M.S. Ailene Kane Seattle, WA Doctoral Candidate Department of Biology Fred Rhoades, Ph.D. University of Washington Western Washington University Seattle, WA Bellingham, WA

Kelly Lotts, M.S. Montana State University Bellingham, WA

Eugene Rosa, Ph.D. Gary J Wiles, M.S. Edward R. Meyer Professor Wildlife Biologist Department of Sociology Washington State Department of Fish & Wildlife Washington State University Olympia, WA Pullman, WA Marian Wineman, M.S. Ruth Shearer, Ph.D. Senior Environmental Consultant Lacey, WA WR Consulting, Inc. Seattle, WA Patricia Townsend Doctoral Candidate Rita Winn University of Washington Master's Candidate Seattle, WA Department of Biology Western Washington University Steven Trudell, Ph.D. Mount Vernon, WA Seattle, WA

Scott Veirs, Ph.D. Seattle, WA

John Wagenknecht Master's Candidate U.S. Forest Service Roslyn, WA

West Virginia

John Hall, Ph.D. Robert Mertz, M.S. Professor Emeritus Spencer, WV West Virginia University Morgantown, WV Daniel Morrison West Virginia State University Jeffrey May, Ph.D. Marmet, WV Professor Department of Biological Sciences Paul Wilson, M.S. Marshall University Charles Town, WV Huntington, WV

James McGraw, Ph.D. Eberly Professor Department of Biology West Virginia University Morgantown, WV

Wisconsin

Cecile Ane, Ph.D. Cheryl Nenn, M.S. Assistant Professor Milwaukee Riverkeeper Department of Botany & Statistics Milwaukee, WI University of Wisconsin, Madison Madison, WI Barbara Peckarsky, Ph.D. Emeritus Professor and Honorary Fellow Eve Emshwiller, Ph.D. Department of Zoology & Entomology Assistant Professor University of Wisconsin, Madison Department of Botany Cross Plains, WI University of Wisconsin, Madison Madison, WI Suzanne Peyer, Ph.D. University of Wisconsin Jacquelyn Gill Madison, WI Doctoral Candidate Department of Geography Anna Pidgeon, Ph.D. University of Wisconsin, Madison Assistant Professor Madison, WI Department of Forest & Wildlife Ecology University of Wisconsin, Madison Barry Hartup, D.V.M. Mazomanie, WI International Crane Foundation Baraboo, WI Steven Rassler, Ph.D. Grantsburg, WI Mats Johansson, Ph.D. University of Wisconsin, Madison James Rusak, Ph.D. Madison, WI Research Scientist University of Wisconsin, Madison Rebecca Kitchen, M.S. Boulder Junction, WI Green Bay, WI Eric Sanden, Ph.D. Joan Knoebel, J.D. Professor Attorney Department of Plant & Earth Science Madison, WI University of Wisconsin River Falls, WI James Koelbl, M.S. Cross Plains, WI Robert Scheele, Ph.D. Madison, WI Malcolm Lindsay, M.D. Department of Emergency Medicine Yoyi Steele, M.S. University of Wisconsin Hospital Wildlife Biologist Fitchburg, WI Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Madison, WI Keith Mccaffery, M.S. Rhinelander, WI Stanley Temple, Ph.D. Beers-Bascom Professor Mara Mcdonald, Ph.D. Department of Forest & Wildlife Ecology Administrator University of Wisconsin, Madison JF Crow Institute for the Study of Evolution Madison, WI University of Wisconsin, Madison Madison, WI

M. Scott Thomson, Ph.D. Daniel Weber, Ph.D. Associate Professor Senior Scientist Department of Biological Sciences Great Lakes WATER Institute University of Wisconsin, Parkside University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Racine, WI Milwaukee, WI

Donald Waller, Ph.D. Professor Department of Botany University of Wisconsin Madison, WI

Wyoming

Franz Camenzind, Ph.D. Kris Hufford, Ph.D. Jackson, WY University of Wyoming, Laramie Laramie, WY

U.S. Territories

Carlos Lugo, Ph.D. Renata Platenberg, Ph.D. Auxilliary Professor Wildlife Biologist Department of Biology Virgin Islands Division of Fish & Wildlife Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico St. Thomas, VI San German, PR

Sheila Ward, Ph.D. University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Trujillo Alto, PR