Homotopy Type Theory and Voevodsky's Univalent Foundations
BULLETIN (New Series) OF THE AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY Volume 51, Number 4, October 2014, Pages 597–648 S 0273-0979(2014)01456-9 Article electronically published on May 9, 2014
HOMOTOPY TYPE THEORY AND VOEVODSKY’S UNIVALENT FOUNDATIONS
ALVARO´ PELAYO AND MICHAEL A. WARREN
Abstract. Recent discoveries have been made connecting abstract homotopy theory and the field of type theory from logic and theoretical computer science. This has given rise to a new field, which has been christened homotopy type theory. In this direction, Vladimir Voevodsky observed that it is possible to model type theory using simplicial sets and that this model satisfies an addi- tional property, called the Univalence Axiom, which has a number of striking consequences. He has subsequently advocated a program, which he calls uni- valent foundations, of developing mathematics in the setting of type theory with the Univalence Axiom and possibly other additional axioms motivated by the simplicial set model. Because type theory possesses good computational properties, this program can be carried out in a computer proof assistant. In this paper we give an introduction to homotopy type theory in Voevodsky’s setting, paying attention to both theoretical and practical issues. In particu- lar, the paper serves as an introduction to both the general ideas of homotopy type theory as well as to some of the concrete details of Voevodsky’s work using the well-known proof assistant Coq. The paper is written for a general audience of mathematicians with basic knowledge of algebraic topology; the paper does not assume any preliminary knowledge of type theory, logic, or computer science. Because a defining characteristic of Voevodsky’s program is that the Coq code has fundamental mathematical content, and many of the mathematical concepts which are efficiently captured in the code cannot be ex- plained in standard mathematical English without a lengthy detour through type theory, the later sections of this paper (beginning with Section 3) make use of code; however, all notions are introduced from the beginning and in a self-contained fashion.
Contents 1. Introduction 598 2. Origins, basic aspects, and current research 601 2.1. The homotopy theoretic interpretation of type theory 601 2.2. Dependent products 603 2.3. Inductive types 604 2.4. Groupoids 607 2.5. The univalent model of type theory 609
Received by the editors October 20, 2012. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 03-02; Secondary 03-B15, 68N18, 55P99. The first author was partly supported by NSF CAREER Award DMS-1055897, Spain Ministry of Science Grant MTM 2010-21186-C02-01, and Spain Ministry of Science Sev-2011-0087. He also received support from NSF Grant DMS-0635607 during the preparation of this paper. The second author received support from the Oswald Veblen Fund and NSF Grant DMS- 0635607 during the preparation of this paper.