Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology, 23 (2): 167–174. November 30, 2017.

Revision of the Prostomis (Coleoptera: ) of Japan

Tetsunari ITO and Hiroyuki YOSHITOMI Entomological Laboratory, College of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3–5–7, Tarumi, Matsuyama, 790–8577 Japan

Abstract The Japanese species of the genus Prostomis are reviewed based on some museum collections. Four species including two new species are recognized and described: P. mordax, P. latoris, P. okinawaensis sp. nov., and P. yaeyamaensis sp. nov. The larvae of three species, Prostomis latoris, P. yaeyamaensis sp. nov., and P. okinawaensis sp. nov. are also described.

Introduction Material and Methods Prostomidae is a small family in the superfamily General observations, dissections and microstructures , and has about 30 species under two genera of dissected parts were made under a Leica MZ95. After are known from all over the world (Schunger et al., 2003; observation, the dissected parts were mounted on the same Seago & Beutel, 2010). Both the adults and the larvae of this card with the specimen. Photographs were taken under a Leica family are found from a rotten wood simultaneously, and are MZ95. Illustrations were drawn under Olympus BH2. strongly associated with brown rot (Seago & Beutel, 2010). The materials examined in this paper are preserved in The genus Prostomis Latreille, 1825 is represented by 27 Ehime University Museum, Matsuyama (EUMJ); Systematic species from the Holarctic, the Oriental, the Papuan-Pacific, Entomology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (SEHU); the Australian and the South African Regions (Schawaller, private collection of Y. Hirano (PYH). 2003; Seago & Beutel, 2010; Ito & Yoshitomi, 2016, 2017). Terminology mainly follows Schawaller (1993), and Seago In Japan, two species have been recorded (Hirano, 1994) and Beutel (2010). Morphological abbreviations used in this and one larva was described (Hayashi, 1969). But there is no paper are as follows: BL: total body length (HL+PL+EL); EL: taxonomic revision about them. length of elytra in suture from anterior margin of scutellum In the present paper, we review the Japanese species of the to elytral apex; EW – maximum width of elytra; HL: head genus Prostomis in both adult and larval stages. length from front margin of pronotum to front median margin of clypeus; HW: maximum width of head across eyes; JLL:

Fig. 1. Dorsal habituses of Prostomis spp. A, P. mordax; B, P. latoris; C, P. okinawaensis sp. nov.; D, P. yaeyamaensis sp. nov. Scale bars = 1.0 mm.

Ⓒ Japanese Society of Systematic Entomology 168 Ito, T. and H. Yoshitomi length of left jugular process from behind of mentum to apex; the genus, oblong, distinctly flat, shiny; surface scattered JRL : length of right jugular process from behind of mentum with fine punctures; BL 5.08–5.86 (5.39). Coloration of body to apex; MLL: length of left mandible from front median rubiginous. margin of clypeus to apex; MRL – length of right mandible Head (Fig. 2E) short; HL/HW 0.61–0.72 (0.66); HW/PW from front median margin of clypeus to apex; PL: length of 1.02–1.13 (1.07); clypeus projecting anteriorly. Eyes small pronotum in median line; PW: maximum width of pronotum. in size. Antennae moniliform, bearing several setae except The average is given in parenthesis after the range. for 1st antennomere; 3rd antennomere slender than other antennomeres; 9th to 11th antennomeres ovoid. Mandibles (Fig. 2E) asymmetrical and slender, lacking punctures in ventral side; right mandible splending linearly near base to Prostomis mordax Reitter, 1887 apical 2/3 at lateral margin, having small step at corner; left (Figs. 1A, 2A, E, 3A–C) mandible slightly swelling at lateral margin, having a small [Japanese name: Hime-deba-hiratamushi] projection at anterior margin; MLL/MRL 1.05–1.21 (1.12). Jugular processes (Fig. 2A) stout, symmetrical, horn-like, Prostomis mordax Reitter, 1887, 241. Hirano, 1994, 13; rapidly tapered in apical 1/4; JLL/JRL 0.98–1.19 (1.10). Schawaller, 1992, 260; Park & Ahn, 2005, 170. Pronotum subsquare, subparallel-sided, weakly depressing at middle of apical margin, with shallow longitudinal groove Specimens examined. [Hokkaido] 1 ex. (EUMJ), Daisetsu- in median line; PL/PW 0.87–0.95 (0.91). Scutellar shield san, 24. VII. 1956, S. Ueda leg.; 1 ex. (EUMJ), Aizan-kei, pentagonal, glabrous. Elytra oblong, subparallel-sided near 21. VII. 1970, M. Sakai leg.; 1 ex. (SEHU), same locality, base to apical 1/4; EL/EW 2.24–2.49 (2.40). 14. VII. 1954, M. Inoue leg. [Honshu] 1 ex. Aedeagus (Fig. 3A–C) oblong; parameres slender, slightly (EUMJ), Nikko-shi, Yumoto, 4. VI. 1989, H. Yoshitomi leg.; tapered in apical 1/3, with two pairs of short lateral setae in 1 ex. (EUMJ), same locality, 19. X. 1997, H. Yoshitomi leg. apical 1/5, with a short apical seta; median lobe (= “penis 1 ex. (EUMJ), Daibosatsu, 2. XI. 1975, K. guide” in Seago & Beutel, 2010) stout, slightly narrowed Sawada leg.; 1 ex. (EUMJ), Kannon-tôge, Sudama-chô, 13. apically, shorter than parameres, covered with punctures in IV. 1997, H. Yoshitomi leg. 1 ex. (EUMJ), ventral surface; basal piece (= ‘basale’ in Seago & Beutel, Matsumoto-shi, Shimashima, 22. VII. 1967, M. Tomokuni 2010) oval, shorter parameres, arcuate at basal margin. leg. 1 ex. (EUMJ), Hiwada, Takane-mura, 28. Measurements. Male and female (n = 12). MLL 0.51–1.05 VI. 1994, H. Yoshitomi leg.; 1 ex. (EUMJ), same locality, 17. (0.81) mm; MRL 0.5–0.94 (0.75) mm; JRL 0.35–0.75 (0.56) VI. 1995, H. Yoshitomi leg. [Shikoku] 2 exs. mm; JLL 0.43–0.91 (0.67) mm; HL 0.8–1.09 (0.95) mm; HW (EUMJ), Omogo-san, 26. VII. 1947, M. Miyatake leg.; 1 ex. 1.25–1.61 (1.42) mm; PL 1.05–1.31 (1.19) mm; PW 1.14–1.47 (EUMJ), Dogamori, 1. VI. 1965, M. Iga leg.; 1 ex. (EUMJ), (1.32) mm; EL 3.15–3.95 (3.56) mm; EW 1.18–1.56 (1.40) Ishizuchi-san, Joju, 24. VII. 1949, M. Miyatake leg.; 1 ex. mm. (EUMJ), same locality, 2. VII. 2016, T. Ito leg. Distribution. Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, and Shikoku); Redescription. Adults. Body (Fig. 1A) moderate size in Korea.

Fig. 2. Jugular process (A–D) and mandibles (E–H) of Prostomis spp. A, E, P. mordax; B, F, P. latoris; C, G, P. okinawaensis sp. nov.; D, H, P. yaeyamaensis sp. nov. Scale bars = 1.0 mm.

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Fig. 3. Aedeagi of Prostomis spp. Prostomis mordax (A–C), P. latoris (D–F), P. okinawaensis sp. nov. (G–I), and P. yaeyamaensis sp. nov. (J– L). Dorsal (A, D, G, J), ventral (B, E, H, K) and lateral (C, F, I, L) views. Scale bars = 0.1 mm

Biological notes. This is rare species in Japan, and found Specimens examined. [Hokkaido] 1 ex. (SEHU), from a rotten wood in a natural forest of high altitude area. Kurodake, 25. VII. 1954, K. Sawada leg.; 1 ex. (SEHU), Remarks. This species is similar to Prostomis parva Ito Maruyama, Sapporo-shi, 6. V. 1942, N. Aoyama leg. [Honshu] et Yoshitomi, 2017 in the shapes of mandibles, but differs 1 ex. (EUMJ), Yokokawa, Fujiwara-chô, from it by the following characteristics: 1) jugular processes 23. VII. 1990, H. Yoshitomi leg.; 1 ex. (EUMJ), Yumoto, symmetrical (asymmetrical in P. parva); 2) basal piece slender Nikko-shi, 29. VII. 1993, M. Kawanabe leg.; 4 exs. (SEHU), (stout in P. parva); 3) apical seta short (long in P. parva). Kirikomi-Karikomi, 4. X., J. Aoki leg. 1 ex. (EUMJ), Urayama, Chichibu-shi, 17. VII. 1996, K. Aita Prostomis latoris Reitter, 1889 leg. 1 ex. (EUMJ), Takao-san, 13. VII. 1951, (Figs. 1B, 2B, F, 3D–F, 4, A, B, 5A, 6A, B) S. Hisamatsu leg.; 14 exs. (EUMJ), Tantironomori, Mikura- [Japanese name: Deba-hiratamushi] jima, Izu Isls., 16. II. 2013, H. Yoshitomi leg.; 3 exs. (EUMJ), Mitsune, Miyuki-daki, 282 m alt., Hachijô-jima, Izu Isls., 18, Prostomis latoris Reitter, 1889, 313. Hirano, 1994, 13; III, 2016, R. Okano leg. 1 ex. (EUMJ), Schawaller, 1992, 258; Park & Ahn, 2005, 169. Mikuni-tôge, Yamakita-machi, 12. VIII. 1993, Y. Notsu leg. 2 exs. (EUMJ), Aoba-yama, Takahama-chô,

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Fig. 4. Larvae of Prostomis latoris (A. B), P. yaeyamaensis sp. nov. (C, D) and P. okinawaensis sp. nov. (E, F). Dorsal views (A, C, E) and ventral views (B, D, F). Scale bars = 1.0 mm.

Imadera, 19. IV. 2012, Y. Kuroda leg. 1 ex. keikoku, 600–700 m alt., 1. II. 1997, M. Sakai leg.; 2 exs. (EUMJ), Shirasagi-onsen, Asuke-chô, 16. V. 1992, K. Ishida (EUMJ), Komenono, Matsuyama-shi, 13. XI. 1976, Y. Notsu leg.; 1 ex. (EUMJ), Inabu-chô, 17. IV. 1994, H. Yoshitomi leg.; 2 exs. (EUMJ), same locality as above, 6–7. VIII. 1977, leg. 2 exs. (EUMJ), Kongo-san, Gosa-shi, 5. III. S. Hashimoto leg.; 2 exs. (EUMJ), same locality as above, 2002, T. Kan leg.; 2 exs. (EUMJ), same locality, 30. IV. 1972, 9. II. 1979, K. Sasagawa leg.; 1 ex. (EUMJ), same locality M. Yoshida leg.; 15 exs. (SEHU), Hasedera, 10. XI. 1957, T. as above, 23–24. X. 1993, M. Kawanabe leg.; 1 ex. (EUMJ), Shibata leg. [Shikoku] 6 exs. (EUMJ), same locality as above, 31. V. 2014, H. Yoshitomi leg.; 1 ex. Koutsu-san, 800 m alt., 5. VI. 1960, Wada leg.; 1 ex. (EUMJ), (EUMJ), Odami-yama, 28. V. – 4. VI. 1994; 1 ex. (EUMJ), Miune, Higashiiyayama-son, 7. VIII. 1998, S. Hayakawa same locality as above, 5–12. VII. 1994; 1 ex. (EUMJ), same leg.; 19 exs. (EUMJ), Tosu-tôge, 29. XI. 2014, R. Okano leg.; locality as above, 20–24. VII. 1994, leg.; 1 ex. (EUMJ), 19 exs. (EUMJ), same locality, 29. XI. 2014, H. Ikeda leg.; same locality as above, 2–9. VIII. 1994; 1 ex. (EUMJ), same 1 ex. (SEHU), Takakoshi, 7. V. 1949, Takeuchi leg. 1 ex. (EUMJ), Saragamine, 29. V. 1993, K. Aita leg.; 8 Narabara-san, Tamagawa-chô, 25. III. 1977, S. Nagai leg.; 2 exs. (EUMJ), Takanawa-san, Matsuyama-shi, 2. XI. 2008, R. exs. (EUMJ), same locality as above, 19. III. 1978, T. Matsuda Ogawa leg.; 17 exs. (EUMJ), same locality as above, 18–26. leg.; 2 exs. (EUMJ), same locality as above, 22. X. 1978, M. VII. 2016, H. Yoshitomi leg.; 8 exs., same locality as above, Kotani leg.; 3 exs. (EUMJ), same locality as above, 28. VII. 29. VII–7. VIII. 2016, H. Yoshitomi leg.; 14 exs. (EUMJ), 1998, Y. Notsu leg.; 3 exs. (EUMJ), same locality as above, same locality as above, 5. X. 2016, T. Ito leg.; 1 ex. (EUMJ), 28. XII. 1998, Y. Sugiura leg.; 3 exs. (EUMJ), same locality same locality as above, 29. XI. 2014, T. Ito leg.; 2 exs. (EUMJ), as above, 30. V. 2000, S. Hayakawa leg.; 1 ex. (EUMJ), same Tochio-yama, Shikokuchûô-shi, 13. XI. 2015, K. Sogoh leg.; locality as above, 20. VII. 2008, J. Yamasako leg. 1 ex. (EUMJ), Kozu-san, 3. VI. 1989, K. Ando leg.; 1 ex. (EUMJ), Shiratsue, 9. XI. 1975, Tk. Ishihara leg.; 1 ex. 2 exs. (SEHU), Gozaisho-dake, 13. VI. 1938, M. Okamoto (EUMJ), Omogokei, Kumakougen-chô, 18. V. 1965, I. Yagi, N. leg. [Kyushu] 1 ex. (EUMJ), Mt. Yasuman- Morishita, T. Nakamura et Y. Ochi leg.; 1 ex. (EUMJ), same dake, Hirado-shi, 15. X. 1979, M. Sakai & A. Oda leg. locality as above, 7–8. XI. 1973, Y. Notsu leg.; 2 exs. (EUMJ), 1 ex. (SEHU), Shiraga-dake, 24. IV. 1983, same locality as above, 26. XI. 1978, K. Numaguchi leg.; 1 M. Ohara leg.; 1 ex. (SEHU), same locality and collector, 17. ex. (EUMJ), same locality as above, 4. V. 2010, R. Nitta leg.; IV. 1983; 1 ex. (SEHU), same locality and collector, 23. VII. 1 ex. (EUMJ), Amagiri-yama, Oda-chô, 8. V. 1983, Y. Honda 1983. [Tsushima] 1 ex. (SEHU), Ariake-san, 3. VIII. 1956, leg.; 1 ex. (EUMJ), Iwaguro-yama, Kumakougen-chô, 14. VI. Y. Miyake leg. [Yakushima] 1 ex. (EUMJ), Yodo-gawa, 3. 2008, Y. Senda leg.; 1 ex. (EUMJ), University Forest of Ehime X. 1993, H. Karube leg.; 1 ex. (EUMJ), Kosugidani, 14. VII. University, The second group, Komeno-chô, Matsuyama- 1979, M. Kotani leg.; 1 ex. (SEHU), Yakemine, 12. XI. 1983, shi, 30. V. 2009, R. Ogawa leg.; 1 ex. (EUMJ), Narukawa- H. Sudo leg.; 1 ex. (SEHU), Hanayama, 18. VII. 1984, Sk.

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Fig. 5. Larval urogomphi of Prostomis latoris (A), P. okinawaensis sp. nov. (B) and P. yaeyamaensis sp. nov. (C). Scale bar = 1.0 mm.

Yamane leg. [Korea] 2 exs. (EUMJ), Chejudo, Mt. Halla-san, (1.32) mm; EL 3.15–3.95 (3.60) mm; EW 1.18–1.56 (1.41) Yongshil, 20. V. 1990, M. T. Chûjô leg. mm. Larval specimens examined. Tokyo Pref.: 8 exs. (EUMJ), Distribution. Japan (Hokkaido, Rishiri-to, Honshu, Tsubota-rindo, Miyakejima, Izu Isls., N34 03.879 E139 Mikura-jima, Hachijo-jima, Shikoku, Kyushu, Tsushima, 31.859, ca 264 m, 12. II. 2013, H. Yoshitomi leg.; 45 exs., Hirado-jima, Yakushima); Korea. same locality as above, N33 53.664 E139 35.878, ca 259 Biological notes. This is common species in Japan, and m, 16. II. 2013, H. Yoshitomi leg. Tokushima Pref.: 9 exs. found from a rotten wood in a natural forest of low to high (EUMJ), Tosu-tôge, 29. II. 2014, R. Okano leg. Ehime Pref.: altitude area. 9 exs. (EUMJ), Komenono, Matsuyama-shi, 31. V. 2014, H. Remarks. This species is similar to Prostomis taiwanensis Yoshitomi leg. Ito et Yoshitomi, 2017 known from Taiwan in the shape of Redescription. Adults. Body (Fig. 1B) moderate size in mandible, but differs from it by the following characteristics: the genus, oblong, distinctly flat, shiny; surface scattered 1) right jugular process having two small acute projection with fine punctures; BL 5.06–6.33 (5.70). Coloration of body at tips (transversal at tips in P. taiwanensis); 2) parameres rubiginous. shorter than P. taiwanensis; 3) body size smaller in Prostomis Head (Fig. 2F) short; HL/HW 0.60–0.72 (0.67); HW/PW taiwanensis. 1.00–1.14 (1.07); clypeus projecting anteriorly. Eyes large in size. Antennae moniliform, bearing several setae except Prostomis okinawaensis sp. nov. for 1st antennomere; 3rd antennomere slender than other (Figs. 1C, 2C, G, 3G–I, 4E, F, 5B, 6C) antennomeres; 9th to 11th antennomeres ovoid. Mandibles [Japanese name: Okinawa-deba-hiratamushi] (Fig. 2F) nearly symmetrical, slender, lacking punctures in ventral side, swelling a little at lateral margin; MLL/MRL Prostomis latoris: Hirano, 1994, 13; Kusano, 2009, 26. 1.01–1.13 (1.08). Jugular processes (Fig. 2B) stout and asymmetrical; right process having two small acute projection Type series. Holotype (EUMJ): male, Okinawa Pref.: at tips; left process distinctly longer, having sharp tips and a Oogimi-son, Shirahama, 25. II. 2009, Y. Hirano leg. Paratypes: small acute projection at lateral margin; JLL/JRL 1.07–1.31 1 ex. (EUMJ), Hokubu-enshurin, Higashi-son, Miyagi, 25–27. (1.18). XI. 2002, GA. Show leg.; 1 ex. (EUMJ), same data as for the Pronotum subsquare, subparallel-sided, weakly depressing holotype. middle of apical margin, with shallow longitudinal groove Additional specimens examined. [Amami-Ôshima] 2 exs. in median line; PL/PW 0.82–0.99 (0.90). Scutellar shield (EUMJ), Hatsuno, 28. VII. 1962, N. Ohbayashi leg.; 1 ex. pentagonal, glabrous. Elytra oblong, subparallel-sided near (EUMJ), same data, 2. V. 1977, M. Sakai leg.; 3 exs. (EUMJ, base to apical 1/4; EL/EW 2.42–2.67 (2.54). PYH), Sumiyo, Santaro-tôge, 170226, 129.251855, 364 m, Aedeagus (Fig. 3D–F) oblong; parameres slender, gently 23. IV. 2017, H. Yoshitomi leg. [Iheya-jima] 9 exs., Shimajiri- tapered apically, then rapidly tapered in apical 1/3, with two gun, Iheya-mura, Mt. Gayô-zan, 14. III. 2017, N. Kaneko leg. pairs of short lateral setae in apical 1/4, with a long apical Larval specimens examined. 25 exs. (EUMJ), Sumiyo, seta; median lobe stout, slightly narrowed apically, shorter Santaro-tôge, Amami-Ôshima, 170226, 129.251855, 364 m, than parameres, covered with punctures in ventral surface; 23. IV. 2017, H. Yoshitomi leg. basal piece oval, longer parameres. Description. Adults. Body (Fig. 1C) small size in the Larvae. Body (Fig. 4A, B) length about 8.3 mm; genus, oblong, distinctly flat, shiny; surface scattered with urogomphi (Fig. 5A) short, projecting postero-dorsally, fine punctures; BL 0.37–0.41 (0.39) mm. Coloration of body lacking projection between urogomphi. rubiginous. Measurements. Male and female (n = 20). MLL 0.51–1.05 Head (Fig. 2G) short; HL/HW 0.76–1.08 (0.97); HW/PW (0.81) mm; MRL 0.5–0.94 (0.75) mm; JRL 0.35–0.75 (0.57) 1.04–1.11 (1.07); clypeus projecting anteriorly. Eyes moderate mm; JLL 0.43–0.91 (0.67) mm; HL 0.8–1.09 (0.95) mm; HW in size. Antennae moniliform, bearing several setae except 1.25–1.61 (1.42) mm; PL 1.05–1.31 (1.19) mm; PW 1.14–1.47 for 1st antennomere; 3rd antennomere slender than other

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Fig. 6. Adult (A) and larvae (B, C) of Prostomis spp. in nature. A, B, Prostomis latoris in Mikura-jima; C, P. okinawaensis in Amami- Ôshima. antennomeres; 9th to 11th antennomeres ovoid. Mandibles swelling; 2) parameres shorter; 3) body size smaller. (Fig. 2G) nearly symmetrical and swelling a little at lateral Etymology. The specific name of this species is derived margin; MLL/MRL 1.05–1.25 (1.12). Jugular processes (Fig. from “Okinawa”, where the type locality. 2C) stout and asymmetrical; right process gradually tapered to tips from bases, having acute tips; left process, having small Prostomis yaeyamaensis sp. nov. acute tips and a small acute projection at lateral margin; JLL/ (Figs. 1D, 2D, H, 3J–L, 4C, D, 5C) JRL 0.93–0.98 (0.95). [Japanese name: Yaeyama-deba-hiratamushi] Pronotum subsquare, swelling at lateral and apical margin, with shallow longitudinal groove in median line; PL/PW Prostomis latoris: Hirano, 1994, 13. 0.62–0.70 (0.66). Scutellar shield pentagonal, glabrous. Elytra oblong, subparallel-sided near base to apical 1/4; EL/EW Type series. Holotype: male (EUMJ), Okinawa Pref.: 1 1.10–1.14 (1.12). ex., Ishigaki-jima, Banna-dake, Ishigaki-shi, 6. I. 2017, K. Aedeagus (Fig. 3G–I) oblong; parameres stout and short, Yoshida leg. Paratypes: 2 exs. (EUMJ), Ishigaki-jima, Omoto- gently tapered apically, with two pairs of lateral setae in dake, Ishigaki-shi, 16. II. 1974, S. Imasaka leg.; 1 ex. (EUMJ), apical 1/6, lacking of apical seta; median lobe stout, gradually Ishigaki-jima, Takeda, 31. V. 1990, T. Hanatani leg.; 1 ex. narrowed apically, shorter than parameres, covered with (EUMJ), same locality, 9. III. 1993, K. Matsumoto leg.; 2 exs. punctures in ventral surface, as long as median lobe; basal (EUMJ), Ishigaki-jima, Yoshihara, Ishigaki-shi, 25. III. 2000, piece oval, as long as parameres, arcuate at basal margin. T. Kurihara leg.; 1 ex. (EUMJ), same locality, 26. III. 2000, Larvae. Body (Fig. 4E, F) length about 6.9 mm; T. Kurihara leg.; 1 ex. (EUMJ), Ishigaki-jima, Nosoko-rindo, urogomphi (Fig. 5B) relatively long, projecting postero- Ishigaki-shi, 5. III. 2002, T. Kurihara leg.; 8 exs. (EUMJ), dorsally, with small projection between urogomphi. same data as for the holotype; 2 exs., Iriomote-jima, Tedo-san, Measurements. Male and female (n = 3). MLL 0.76–0.99 Uehara, Taketomi-chô, 28–29. V. 20014, J. Yamasako leg.; 10 (0.90) mm; MRL 0.61–0.93 (0.82) mm; JLL 0.62–0.82 (0.74) exs. (EUMJ, PYH), same locality, 13. III. 2017, K. Yoshida leg. mm; JRL 0.54–0.78 (0.68) mm; HL 0.80–0.87 (0.84) mm; Larval specimens examined. 14 exs. (EUMJ), Ishigaki- HW 1.15–1.40 (1.29) mm; PL 1.01–1.27 (1.15) mm; PW jima, Banna-dake, Ishigaki-shi, 6. I. 2017, K. Yoshida leg. 1.03–1.33 (1.20) mm; EL 2.82–3.32 (3.08) mm; EW 1.10–1.32 Description. Adults. Body (Fig. 1D) small size in the (1.23) mm. genus, oblong, distinctly flat, shiny; surface scattered with fine Distribution. Japan (Okinawa-jima, Amami-Ôshima, punctures; MLL 4.36–5.90 (4.98) mm. Coloration of body Tokashiki-jima, Iheya-jima). rubiginous. Biological notes. The specimens collected by HY were Head (Fig. 2H) short; clypeus projecting anteriorly; MLL found from a rotten wood of broad-leaf tree in a natural forest. 2.35–2.59 (2.49); HW/PW 0.76–1.08 (1.03). Eyes large in Remarks. This species is similar to Prostomis latoris size. Antennae moniliform, bearing several setae except Rietter, 1889 known from Japan in the shape of mandible, for 1st antennomere; 3rd antennomere slender than other jugular process but differs from it by the following antennomeres; 9th to 11th antennomeres ovoid. Mandibles characteristics: 1) lateral margin of mandibles more weakly (Fig. 2H) nearly symmetrical, swelling a little at lateral

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Fig. 7. Distribution of Prostomis spp. in Japan. Some points are traced from Hirano (1994). margin; MLL/MRL 1.03–1.31 (1.11). Jugular processes (Fig. Measurements. Male and female (n = 15). MLL 0.49–0.98 2D) slender and asymmetrical; right process gradually tapered (0.67) mm; MLL 0.49–0.98 (0.67) mm; MRL 0.42–0.92 (0.60) to tips from bases, having two small branched tips; left mm; JLL 0.38–0.82 (0.55) mm; JRL 0.32–0.77 (0.48) mm; HL process, having small acute tips and a small acute projection 0.56–0.92 (0.81) mm; HW 0.81–1.45 (1.19) mm; PL 0.95–1.38 at lateral margin; JLL/JRL 1.04–1.26 (1.15). (1.13) mm; PW 0.98–1.39 (1.16) mm; EL 2.60–3.60 (3.03) Pronotum subsquare, swelling at lateral and apical margin, mm; EW 1.02–1.46 (1.22) mm. with shallow longitudinal groove in median line; PL/PW Distribution. Japan (Ishigaki-jima, Iriomote-jima). 0.93–1.02 (0.98). Scutellar shield pentagonal, glabrous. Elytra Biological notes. The type series were collected from a oblong, subparallel-sided near base to apical 1/4; EL/EW rotten wood of broad-leaf tree in a natural forest. 2.35–2.59 (2.49). Remarks. This species is similar to Prostomis latoris Aedeagus (Fig. 3J–L) oblong; parameres slender, gently Rietter, 1889 known from Japan in the shape of mandible, rapidly tapered in apical 1/4, with two pairs of short lateral jugular process but differs from it by the following setae in apical 1/4, with a median apical seta; median lobe characteristics: 1) lateral margin of mandibles more weakly stout, gradually narrowed apically, as long as parameres, swelling; 2) parameres linerly; 3) body size smaller . covered with punctures in ventral surface; basal piece oval, as Etymology. The specific name of this species is derived long as parameres, arcuate at basal margin. from “Yaeyama-shoto”, where the type locality. Larvae. Body (Fig. 4C, D) length about 7.4 mm; urogomphi (Fig. 5C) long, projecting postero-dorsally, with Key to species of the genus Prostomis from Japan small projection between urogomphi.

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1. Jugular processes symmetrical; distributed in Hokkaido, 113–118. Honshu, and Shikoku. …...... ….P. mordax Kusano, K., 2009. [Two species from Tokashiki-jima]. Gekkan-mushi, (466): 26-27. (In Japanese.) - Jugular processes asymmetrical. ……...... ….. 2 Park, J.-S. & K.-J. Ahn, 2005. A taxonomic note on the little known 2. Body size large; mandibles swelling at lateral margin; family Prostomidae in Korea (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea). distributed in Hokkaido to Yakushima. …....…… P. latoris Entomological Research, 35 (3): 169–171. - Body size small; mandibles swelling a little at lateral Reitter, E., 1887. Neue Coleopteren aus Europa, den angrenzenden margin. …...... …….. 3 Ländern und Sibirien, mit Bemerkungen über bekannte Arten. 3. Parameres stout, lacking apical seta; distributed in Amami- Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 31: 241–288. Ôshima and Okinawa-jima. ….. P. okinawaensis sp. nov. Reitter, E., 1889. Verzeichnis der Cucujiden Japan mit - Parameres slender, having apical setae; distributed Beschreibung neuer Arten. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung, 8: 313–320. in Ishigaki-jima and Iriomote-jima. ……...... Schawaller, W., 1991. Prostomidae (Coleoptera) aus dem Himalaya ...... ….. P. yaeyamaensis sp. nov. mit einem Beitrag zur Larvalmorphologie. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Serie A (Biologie), 461: 1–17. Acknowledgments Schawaller, W., 1992. Prostomidae (Coleoptera) aus Südost-Asien. Revue Suisse Zoologie, 99: 255–262. We wish to express our deep gratitude to Dr. Masahiro Schawaller, W., 1993. The genus Prostomis (Coleoptera: Ohara (SEHU), Mr. Mr. Yukihiko Hirano (Odawara-shi), Prostomidae) in and adjacent region. Stuttgarter Mr. Kazuki Yoshida (EUMJ) and Mr. Naoki Kaneko (Tokyo Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Serie A (Biologie), 489: 1–12. University of Agriculture) for giving us the chance to examine Schawaller, W., 2003. New species and records of Prostomis the precious materials. A part of this study is supported by the Latreille, including the first fossil records from Baltic amber KAKENHI (24510333; head investigator: H. Kojima). and a checklist of the species (Coleoptera: Prostomidae). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Serie A (Biologie), 650: 1–11. References Schunger, I., R. G. Beutel & R. Britz, 2003. Morphology of Hayashi, N., 1969. On the larvae of some species of small families immature stages of (Coleoptera: of in Japan (Coleoptera). Insecta matsumurana, Tenebrionoidea: Prostomidae). European Journal of supplement, 7: 1–9, 5 pls. Entomology, 100: 357–370. Hirano, Y., 1994. How many species of the genus Prostomis living Seago A., & R. G. Beutel, 2010. Prostomidae G. G. Thomson, in Japan? Kanagawa Chûhô, (107): 13–19. (In Japanese.) 1859. In Kristensen N. P., & R. G. Beutel (eds.), Handbook Ito, T. & H. Yoshitomi, 2016. A new species of the genus Prostomis of Zoology, Vol IV, Arthropoda: Insecta, Part 38, Coleoptera (Coleoptera, Prostomidae) from Sulawesi, Indonesia. Elytra, , Vol. 2, Morphology and Systematic. Pp. 659–667. n.s., 6: 269–273. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin. Ito, T. & H. Yoshitomi, 2017. Four new species of the genus Prostomis (Coleoptera, Prostomidae) from the Oriental [Received: October 24, 2017; accepted: November 2, 2017] Region. Japanese Journal of systematic Entomology, 23:

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