World Bank Document

E837 V. 1 November 2003

ROMANIA Public Disclosure Authorized

HAZARD RISK MITIGATION AND EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS PROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Public Disclosure Authorized EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Public Disclosure Authorized

November 2003

i~~~~~~ Executive Summary

INTRODUCTION

Background. Romania is severely exposed to a range of natural disasters, particularly to the risk of earthquakes and floods causing economic and human losses across the country. The expected annual property loss from earthquakes and floods is estimated at around US$400 million. Since 1908, 14 earthquakes of magnitude VII or greater and 8 major floods were recorded affecting almost 2 million people and causing massive economic losses. The 1977 earthquake, measuring 7.2 on the Richter scale, resulted in economic losses well in excess of US$2 billion, while the July 1991 flood caused damages estimated at $0.5 billion, affecting a large area of about 1,400km2, and damaged more than 12,000 buildings, 990 km of roads, 14 km of railroads, and 150 bridges. More recent floods, in 1997 and 1998, caused damages estimated at US$310 million and US$150 million respectively.

The Government of Romania requested the Bank assistance through the HRMEP project with an objective to reduce the environmental, social, financial and economic vulnerability to natural disasters and water pollution accidents from mining activities through: (i) strengthening the institutional and technical capacity for disaster management and emergency response; (ii) implementing risk reduction measures for floods, landslides and earthquakes; (iii) improving the safety of dams; and (iv) mitigating the environmental impacts of accidental spills and release of hazardous materials in the Danube River and Black Sea Basins.

It is envisaged that the project will consisted of the following components and activities:

Component A: Strengthening of Disaster Management Capacity Component B: Earthquake Risk Reduction Component C: Flood and Landslide Risk Reduction Component D: Risk Reduction of Mining Accidents in the Tisza Basin

Environmental Impact. The potential environmental impact of the project has been assessed in the preparatory stage, and its findings, along with the monitoring and mitigation measures are presented in the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the project and consisting of three volumes.

The activities envisaged under the Strengthening of Disaster Management Capacity component concentrate on modernization of information technology and communications systems, planning and training efforts, promotion of public awareness and preparedness, and technical assistance to feasibility work and institutional framework for launching of the Romanian Catastrophe Insurance Program. Therefore, the preparation of the EMP was not required for this component. The executive summary of the EMP for each of the three project components is presented below.

2 Executive Sumnary

EARTHQUAKE RISK REDUCTION COMPONENT (VOLUME I)

The Earthquake Risk Reduction subcomponent will focus on the physical strengthening-both structural and non-structural-of critical public facilities and lifelines-those that have a paramount role in the emergency response and preparedness system, or are essential for the country's social functioning. As this involves construction work, the project is assigned "Environmental Category Rating B". Selection criteria for critical buildings for investment under the project were established during project preparation. A pool of buildings that meet the agreed criteria was then established. From this pool, final selection, design and retrofitting of buildings for investment will be undertaken during project implementation. Although the exact buildings to be retrofitted will not be selected until the implementation process, the range of potential environmental impacts can be identified and planning for their mitigation and monitoring can be described generically.

The construction works are limited to the structural strengthening-seismic retrofitting-of existing public use buildings. This means increasing the capacity of the structural frame to resist larger external forces than those for which the building was originally designed. Conventionally, this involves increasing the size of elements such as columns and beams, and/or adding material to existing walls or the addition of new structural elements. Some existing material must usually be removed and discarded for this work, but it is minimal. Less conventional methods use energy absorbing devices that can be installed with very little intervention in the structure itself, and even less discarded material, and is appropriate for buildings of special architectural and cultural value.

Potential Environmental Impacts. The project is expected to have a net positive environmental impact by reducing the risk of damage and collapse of the selected buildings as a result of earthquakes, a direct positive public safety impact.

Potential environmental risks normally resulting from construction works on existing buildings include: o handling and disposal of hazardous materials that may be encountered in the course of retrofitting, such as asbestos, o the disposal of normal construction debris, o production of dust and noise, and disruption of normal activities at and near the construction site, and o possible negative impacts on buildings with cultural importance.

Local and Central government approvals are required at the preliminary design stage, which obliges the responsible agency and its designers to address the full range of environmental issues raised by the proposed investment. In addition, all project construction contracts will include mitigation procedures, and will detail the responsibilities of the contractor in following these and local regulations. Requirements of the inspection, identification, and handling of hazardous materials and construction debris will be include in procurement documents.

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Dedicated Mitigation and Monitoring Plans will be followed for the historical buildings. Romania has a well-developed cultural heritage protection system with responsibility for monitoring and enforcement generated by the Ministry of Culture and Creeds (MOCC). For the project, MOCC and MTCT have appointed a working group to enable timely review and discussion of project investments in order to avoid bureaucratic delays and surprises in the approval process.

The Project Management Unit (PMU) will ensure that hazardous materials handling and disposal regulations are understood by local authorities and are followed on site. Adherence to construction site environmental regulations will be required of contractors with regard to safety, noise, dust and other possible pollution issues during the construction period. To the extent possible, the retrofitting designs and the construction work will be planned to minimize disruption of critical facilities such as hospitals and teaching facilities; a schedule will be developed to minimize impacts in consultation with project affected beneficiaries, during the consultation process that is envisioned for each building, to establish together how the retrofitting works should be accomplished (complete evacuation, partially evacuation splitting the building in convenient functional units or using methods targeted on the exterior of the building).

Institutional Strengthening. Training programs and seminars will be organized periodically for technical staff of PMU, local consultants and contractor's staff, assuring the environmental requirement stipulated in Romanian environmental law and with respect to monitoring and evaluation of environmental data requested under the Project.

Institutional Arrangements. The implementation of project will be achieved with respect to the Specific regulatory framework for environmental protection and the General regulatory framework for construction activities in force in Romania

Implementation of EMP. The environmental impact mitigation and monitoring activities will be carried out in parallel with the construction activities. As these are existing facilities that are already under operation, the project will not monitor operations after implementation of the retrofitting activities.

Collection of Data: monitoring data will be collected by Local Consultants/County Office of MAFWE and transferred to the PMU with monthly reports.

Analysis of Data: will be carried out by the PMU. The results of the analysis will be used to check the effectiveness of mitigation measures, and if required, to revise/modify the mitigation plan.

Reporting: The report with monitoring data will be prepared by PMU environment specialist and forwarded to the PMU Directorate quarterly. However, in case of noticing any unusual situation, the report will be sent to the Directorate of PMU for immediate action to take measures.

Decisions: The decisions in relation to the modification of the mitigation measures, informing the relevant authorities, are taken by the PMU.

4 Executive Summary

Public Consultation: The PMU will initiate a task force in cooperation with the responsible authorities. The task force will arrange the public consultation meetings with the project stakeholders.

FLOOD AND LANDSLIDE RISK REDUCTION COMPONENT (VOLUME II)

Romania has a long tradition in building hydraulic structures. There are 246 large dams according to common definitions. Today, existing but deteriorated flood mitigation facilities as well as the still unprotected streams pose the main damage risk. The investments which are proposed under this component have been selected during a prioritization process and consist of rehabilitation, refurbishment and modernization of flood protection works in areas with high flood vulnerability. For all investments an environmental assessment has been conducted and public consultation process completed.

Environmental Conditions of Affected Areas. No investment is situated within sensitive or protected areas. No protected species, which could possibly be affected by the sub-projects, have been identified.

Environmental Impact. No major environmental impacts have been identified. For the identified minor environmental impacts, which are all related to the construction period, an Environmental Management Plan with appropriate mitigation measures has been developed. The assessed investments meet all environmental requirements of the World Bank and Romania regulations.

The majority of projects are located in areas that range below the Romanian average in terms of income and employment situation. Most of them will have a strong positive social impact by considerably improving living conditions in the project area by reducing vulnerability to floods, while negative impacts due to the project implementation remain minimal. Project implementation is expected reduce a danger of floods and increase the amount of water available for households and the economy. This is expected to raise the attractiveness of the areas also for new investors.

Disclosure and Public Consultations. The public consultations meetings for the investments were conducted in May-June 2003. Prior to the meetings, the draft EMP and the more specific technical information on the investments in Romanian language were disclosed at publicly accessible places, such as libraries, city halls, etc., and people living in the project areas, as well as NGOs were invited to the meetings through the local radio announcements and press advertisements. The minutes of all meetings were prepared and attached to the EMP. The planned investments did not raise any objections nor controversies. In fact, the projects are keenly awaited by the population living under the risk of floods.

The EMP has been used by the Apele Romane (Romanian Water Authority) and SNIF (Land Reclamation Office) to receive a so-called programmatic environmental permit from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Waters and Environment (MAFWE), which will be valid until the final environmental permit is issued. According to Romanian legislation, the final

5 Executive Summary environmental permit is the last stage in the investment preparation before the implementation. It will only be issued once the detailed design is available.

RISK REDUCTION OF MINING ACCIDENTS IN TISZA BASIN COMPONENT (VOLUME III)

The EMP for the component focuses on the proposed physical interventions. It identifies the environmental impacts and proposed mitigation measures for most of the prevention and remediation activities in connection with the two high-priority sites identified during the initial phase of the project, i.e., Rosia Poieni and Baia Borsa mines.

During the preparatory stage of the project, the following remediation measures have been identified:

(i) Provision on high-head pumping facilities at Rosia Poieni (Valea Sesei TDF) and Baia Borsa (Novat TDF) to provide back up against overtopping failure (ii) Provision of acid rock drainage (ARD) water treatment facilities downstream of Rosia Poieni (Valea Sesei and Stefancei TDFs) and Baia Borsa (Novat TDF) tailings dams to reduce the acidity of discharged waters (iii) Communication improvements, including improvements to access road. (iv) Dam stabilization

Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures. Without implementation of the project, the current situation of high risk of catastrophic mining accidents in transboundary rivers would increase. It is anticipated that the works associated with the hazard prevention and remediation measures will have no significant impact on surroundings and most disruptions will be localized since most of the construction works will be done in properties owned by the mining companies and on the site of the existing tailings dams facilities.

Currently, feasibility studies are being conducted to identify the most appropriate measures that the project will support on the basis of comprehensive risk assessment analysis.

Institutional Arrangements. In Romania, there are environmental regulations in force that makes control and supervision of construction works mandatory. Contracts and bill of quantities will include clauses for appropriate disposal of unacceptable construction material and disposal of construction waste. Procurement documents will specify that no environmentally unacceptable materials will be used.

Development of the EMP. Project Identification. Once the feasibility studies are completed and the specific hazard mitigation activity is determined, the case-specific implementation of the EMP will be prepared by the Mine Operator, the local Environmental Inspectorate and Apele Romane. The Project Implementation Unit (PIU) under the National Agency for Mineral Resources (NAMR) will review the project definition and supervise the implementation.

6 Executive Sunmmary

Environmental Screening. The criteria to determine if and how detailed the environmental analysis will be needed are laid down in recently adopted Romanian legislation, which is in concurrence with the EU regulations.

Environmental Documentation. After the project is screened, a decision is made by the local Environmental inspectorates as to what type of documentation will be required to address environmental issues.

Review and Approval. The documentation for the EMP will be prepared by the Mine Operator and sent to the local Environmental Inspectorates for review and approval.

Public Consultation. The PIU will initiate a task force in cooperation with the responsible authorities. The task force will arrange the legally required public consultation meetings with the project stakeholders.

Disclosure. All environmental documentation is generally available to interested parties at the local Environmental Inspectorates, who are responsible for making it available and disclosing it to the public. The NAMR will receive key documents, including the EMP belongs, for information.

Implementation of the EMP. During implementation of the EMP the steps sketched below will be followed.

o Data is monitored and collected by technical field personnel of Mine Operators, Apele Romane, and Environmental inspectorates. o Data analysis is performed by specialist staff (or outsourced to external consultants) of the Mine Operator and supported by the local Environmental Inspectorates. The latter are also responsible for reporting and disclosure, as well as archiving and maintenance of the information. o The local Environmental Inspectorate evaluates the report and recommends action to the Mine Operator. This will be implemented by the Mine Management and supervised and controlled by local Environmental and Mining Authorities.

7 Executive Summary

8 Volume I: Earthquake Risk Reduction Component

ROMANIA

HAZARD RISK MITIGATION AND EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS PROJECT

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL GUIDELINES

Volume 1: EARTHQUAKE RISK REDUCTION COMPONENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction Potential Environmental Impacts A. Mitigation Plan A . Mitigation Plan for the historical buildings B. Monitoring Plan B . Monitoring Plan for the historical buildings C. Institutional Strengthening D. Schedule E. Institutional Arrangements F. Consultations with Project Affected Groups (Beneficiaries)

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Introduction

As this involves construction work, the project is assigned "Environmental Category Rating B". Selection criteria for critical buildings for investment under the project were established during project preparation. A pool of buildings that meet the agreed criteria was then established. From this pool, final selection, design and retrofitting of buildings for investment will be undertaken during project implementation. Although the exact buildings to be retrofitted will not be selected until the implementation process, the range of potential environmental impacts can be identified and planning for their mitigation and monitoring can be described generically.

Potential Environmental Impacts

The project is expected to have a net positive environmental impact by reducing the risk of damage and collapse of the selected buildings as a result of earthquakes-a direct positive public safety impact.

Potential environmental risks that normally follow from construction works on existing buildings include: (a) handling and disposal of hazardous materials that may be encountered in the course of retrofitting, such as asbestos, (b) the disposal of normal construction debris, (c) production of dust and noise, and disruption of normal activities at and near the construction site, and (d) possible negative impacts of altering buildings of cultural importance.

Alternatives considered include new technologies that can improve seismic resistance with less invasive technologies than conventional construction. These will be applied where appropriate in the project. All buildings and the proposed interventions have been reviewed with an eye to cost effectiveness. No buildings will be retrofitted if the cost estimate is more than 50% of its replacement cost.

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The construction regulatory process in Romania addresses hazardous materials, debris disposal, impacts at the site, and cultural heritage impacts. Local and Central government approvals are required at the preliminary design stage, which obliges the responsible agency and its designers to address the full range of environmental issues raised by the proposed investment. In addition, all project construction contracts will include mitigation procedures, and will detail the responsibilities of the contractor in following these and local regulations. During technical evaluation of the structures and followed by the design work, attention to the identification and removal of hazardous materials will be highlighted as items to be included in the civil works. Requirements of the inspection, identification, and handling of hazardous materials and construction debris will be include in procurement documents, requiring contractors to take adequate precautionary and mitigating measures if materials identified as hazardous by Ministry of Agriculture, Forest, Water and Environment (MAFWE) are encountered.

The PIU will ensure that hazardous materials handling and disposal regulations are understood by local authorities and are followed on site. Adherence to construction site environmental regulations will be required of contractors with regard to safety, noise, dust and other possible pollution issues during the construction period. To the extent possible, the retrofitting designs and the construction work will be planned to minimize disruption of critical facilities such as hospitals and teaching. facilities: a schedule will be developed to minimize impacts in consultation with project beneficiaries, during the consultation process that is envisioned for each building.

As the project will affect only existing facilities that are already operational, it will not monitor operations after implementation of the retrofitting activities. Structural strengthening does not require services other than normal building maintenance, which is a part of the operational programs for public buildings.

Romania has a well-developed cultural heritage protection system with responsibility for monitoring and enforcement vested in the Ministry of Culture and Creeds (MOCC)). A new Law (#422 of 2001) governs the protection of historical monuments, setting forth departmental roles and responsibilities. The Ministry's Directorate of Historic Monuments must approve all technical documentation for buildings that are officially listed, and can call specialists as members of a Consultative Board, as needed. Designers, contractors and site supervision engineers working on an investment project that involves an historic monument must be pre- certified and listed by the MOCC. 125 designers are listed in Romania for this purpose. For the project, MOCC and MTCT have appointed a working group to enable timely review and discussion of project investments in order to avoid bureaucratic delays and surprises in the approval process.

See section C, D, E, and F for implementation details. Volume I: Earthquake Risk Reduction Component

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

A. MITIGATION PLAN

Cost Institutional Comments Responsibility Phase Issue Mitigating Measure Install Operate Install Operate 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

I. Design and Infrastructure services All buildings already exist Planning and are connected to existing NA NA NA infrastructure networks.

II. Construction Dust raised at the During dry periods sprinide NA Covered by Contractors construction sites, and the roads with water (for construction from material carrying maintaining the cleaning of budget trucks. the streets - the Law of Environment Protection nr.137/1995, art.61, a; art.47, e)

Noise generated by Compliance with existing NA Covered by Contractors construction machinery. legislation, such as the Law construction of Environment Protection budget I nr.137/1995, art.43, d

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2 3 4 5 6 7

Disposal of solid wastes a) Collection at certain Minor and in compliance with the locations in the construction NA covered by Contractors Law of Environment site construction Protection nr. 137/1995, budget art.23 b) Identification, handling Covered by and disposal of hazardous NA construction Contractors construction materials in budget compliance with Law nr.426/2001 for the approval of the Government Ordinance nr.78/2000 on waste treatment

c) Disposal to licensed Covered by landfill areas of the NA construction Contractors municipalities budget

d) Recycling of excavated Covered materials; i.e. utilization of NA within Contractors excavated soil for landfills construction budget

Using closest licensed Covered Quarries quarries (if it is required to NA within Contractors use a quarry) construction budget I

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Pedestrian traffic Planning of traffic on the Covered PIU located in MTCT* disruption sidewalks and placing of NA constructi Contractors appropriate traffic signs. on budget (Only in the case of the buildings bordering the public domain)

III. Operation (after NA handing over of the Existing facilities) retrofitted buildings to the beneficiaries)

* MTCT - Ministry of Transport, Constructions and Tourism ** MAFWE - Ministry of Agriculture, Forest, Water and Environment

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A*. MITIGATION PLAN FOR THE HISTORICAL BUILDINGS Specific issues stipulated for the historical buildings in the Law for Preservation of Historical Heritage no. 422 / 2001 are listed below:

Cost Institutional Responsibility Comments Phase Issue Mitigating Measure Install Operate Install Operate 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

I. Design and Planning Intervention To be done on basis NA Covered MOCC to the and respecting the with historical permit given by MOCC construction buildings in compliance with the budget Law for Preservation of Historical Heritage no. 422 / 2001, chapter III, art. 22

Retrofitting To be done in NA NA Design supervisor engineers design compliance with the who have a specific supervision Law for Preservation of qualification in the field of Historical Heritage no. historical buildings, certified 422 / 2001, chapter III, by MOCC I art. 24 _ _ _

MOCC = Ministry of Culture and Creeds

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21 3 4 5 6 7

1[. Construction Cultural and To institute a NA Covered PIU located in MTCT and historical assets protection zone in with the County Office for (if any met during compliance with the construction Culture excavation) Law for Preservation of budget Historical Heritage no. 422 / 2001, art.8 and 25

Retrofitting To have the permit for NA NA Local authorities offices only activities the execution works in on basis and with respect of compliance with the the permit given by MCC Law for Preservation of Historical Heritage no. 422 / 2001, art.24

Permanent site NA NA MCC, through registered and supervising actions in licensed site-supervisor compliance with the engineers belonging to Law for Preservation of regional/county structures Historical Heritage no. (inspection offices) of the 422 / 2001, art.24 ministry

Technical surveys To be done in NA NA Registered and licensed compliance with the technical experts who have a Law for Preservation of specific qualification in the Historical Heritage no. field of historical buildings, 422 / 2001, chapter III, certified by MCC art. 24 _ _

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B. MONITORING PLAN

Cost Responsibility Phase What Where is the How is the When Why is the parameter parameter to parameter is the parameter to be is to be be to be parameter monitored? Install Operate Install and operate monitored? monitored? monitored? to be monitored? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 I. Planning and This phase has akeady been completed by taking into consideration the mitigation measures mentioned in "Mitigation Plan" Design

II. Construction Dust At Visual On daily To assure compliance NA PIU PIU's environmental construction basis with the Law of budget specialist in sites Environment cooperation with Protection associated Consultants. nr.137/1995, art.43 a The monitoring and e and to mitigate activities will be any potential negative carried out in close environmental consultation with impacts MAFWE

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Noise Near Portable During To assure compliance NA PIU PIU's environmental construction noise constructi with the Law of budget specialist in sites meters on Environment cooperation with PIU used by activities Protection and associated the nr.137/1995, art.43, Consultants; County d; Contractors. The Office of art.47, e and to monitoring activities MAFWE mitigate any potential will be carried out in negative close consultation with environmental MAFWE through the impacts County Office of MAFWE

Collection At the Visual On To assure compliance NA PIU PIU's environmental of solid construction weekly with the Law of budget specialist in wastes site basis Environment cooperation with PIU Protection and associated nr.137/1995, art.23 Consultants. The and to mitigate any monitoring activities potential negative will be carried out in environmental close consultation with impacts MAFWE To assure compliance Disposal At the Visual On with the Law of NA Budget of solid disposal sites weekly Environment of the Relevant municipalities wastes basis Protection relevant nr.137/1995, art.23 municip and to mitigate any ality potential negative environmental impacts

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Recycling At the Visual On To follow the state of NA Covered of construction weekly good practice in with the Contractors excavated site or for basis construction works budget material landfills of construc tion

Material At the Designer's Before the To mitigate potential NA PIU PIU's environmental supply quarries and review of constructi negative impacts budget specialist concrete the on begins plants licenses and inspection of quality

Transporta At the Utilization On daily To mitigate potential NA PIU PIU's environmental tion of construction of the basis negative impacts budget specialist and materials site designated associated Consultant routes,

III. Operation NA (Existing facilities)

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B*. MONITORING PLAN FOR THE HISTORICAL BUILDINGS

Cost Responsibility Phase What Where is the How is the When is Why is the parameter parameter to parameter the parameter to be is to be be to be parameter monitored? Install Operate Install and operate monitored? monitored? monitored? to be monitored? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 I. Planning and This phase has already been completed by taking into consideration the mitigation measures mentioned in "Mitigation Design Plan"

II. Construction Historical At the Visual Periodical To preserve the NA PIU and PIU's environmental and construction ly related historical and MCC specialist in cooperation cultural sites to cultural assets budget with specialists from the assets execution according to the County Office of MOCC phases Law 422/2001, chapter I - Preservation of historical assets

20 C. INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING

1. Training

Training programs will be designed for PIU Office and local consultants and contractor's staff, such as the engineers and technicians designated for carrying out environmental mitigation and monitoring activities. The environmental specialist of the PIU who is responsible for assuring that the environmental requirements as stipulated in Romanian environmental law and regulations are followed, and who is experienced in organizing training seminars with respect to monitoring and evaluation of environmental data, will organize and implement such training programs.

The technical staff of PIU and the consultants who will be delegated with the responsibility of the environmental specialist for the monitoring of mitigation activities at the sites shall be attending the training programs and the workshops organized periodically.

The training programs will cover the current legislation related to the environment, the mitigation measures to be taken and the techniques of sampling and analysis, and the sessions will last approximately one day. They will be organized in the PIU and in the construction sites. At least one person from each consulting firm and from the PIU Office is designated for the environmental monitoring in each of the construction sites to participate in the meetings. For these programs, there will not be any additional cost to the allocated budget.

2. Consultant Services

The PIU will assign an Environmental Specialist on Staff. No consultant services for environmental institutional strengthening are envisioned within this project.

3. Equipment Purchases

No new equipment will be purchased within this project. Monitoring activities are mainly being carried out on a visual basis during retrofitting period.

D. SCHEDULE

The environmental impact mitigation and monitoring activities will be carried out in parallel with the construction activities. They will start together with the starting of mobilization and will be completed after the demobilization. For example,

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identification and handling of hazardous materials, generation of dust and noise, transportation of material, etc., will be monitored throughout the retrofitting period. Landscaping activities shall be carried out after the finishing of retrofitting works, if required. As these are existing facilities that are already under operation, the project will not monitor operations after implementation of the retrofitting activities.

E. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS

Specific regulatory framework for environmental protection

* The Law of Environment Protection nr. 137/1995 (Art. 19. - The central authority and the environment protection agency, depending on the situation, survey and control the conformity of the regulations concerning the hazardous materials and wastes. Art. 22. - The companies and the individuals have the following responsibilities: b) to ask for the accept and/or for the environmental authorization and to apply the regulations concerning the hazardous materials and wastes. Art.23. - h) the authorization procedure for the location and the construction of the deposits, the transport, the incineration, the treatment and the utilization of every kind of wastes.) Art. 25. - The local public administration authorities, the individuals and the companies, having in their field of activities the 23 article's regulations, has the following responsibilities: a) to ask for the accept and/or the environmental authorization, according to art.23.h.) * The Governmental Decision nr.124/2003 concerning the prevention, reduction and control of the environment pollution with asbestos, item 9- (2), (3); 11; 12- (1). (Art. 9. - (2) The titular of the activities that implies the presence of the asbestos has the responsibility to do periodically measurements of the asbestos emissions in water and air. (3) The compliance survey and control of the activities titular, which implies the local public authorities in charge with environment protection, perform the presence of the asbestos within the admissible limits of those emissions. Art. 11. - The titular of the activities that implies the presence of the asbestos have the responsibility to take measures to ensure that: a) the activities implying working with asbestos products are not an important source of environment pollution with asbestos fibers or dust; b) the demolition of the building, structures and installations containing asbestos and the elimination of the asbestos or of the materials that contain asbestos don't pollute significantly the environment with asbestos; c) the transport and the storage of the wastes containing asbestos dust and/or fibers aren't accompanied by emissions in air of asbestos dust and/or fibers and by the dispersal of liquids containing asbestos fibers; d) the disposal of the wastes containing asbestos dust and/or fibers is made together with the treatment,

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the stowage or the adequate coverage, taking into account the local conditions, so that the environment pollution with asbestos can be prevented. Art. 12. - (1) To protect the environment and the population health, from January 1, 2007 all the commercial activities, the activities that use asbestos and the products containing asbestos are forbidden.) * Law for Preservation of Historical Heritage no. 422 / 2001 * The Government Ordinance nr.78/2000 on waste treatment * Law nr.426/2001 for the approval of the Government Ordinance nr.78/2000 on waste treatment * The Decision nr.124/2003 concerning the prevention, reduction and control of the environment pollution with asbestos

General regulatory framework for constructions

* Code for a-seisemic design P 100/1992; addition to and amendment of Chapters 11 and 12 made in 1966- Provision on the survey of existing buildings for the assessment of the protection level * The Law concerning the quality of design and execution of works in constructions nr.10/1995 * The Law 50/1991 regarding the authorization of works (permits and licenses), completed and modified by Law nr. 401/2003.

Collection of Data: Monitoring data will be collected by the PIU Office, Individual Consultants and County Office of MAPM from relevant districts (Municipality Council of Bucharest, County Councils of Vrancea, Bacau, Braila, Buzau, Calarasi, Dambovita, Dolj, Galati, Ialomita, Iasi, Ilfov, Prahova, Teleorman, Tulcea, Vaslui; and the Local Offices of MAPM) when required. The collected data will be transferred to the Project Directorate of PIU with monthly reports prepared by those.

Analysis of Data: Data will be filed in the PIU and analysis of data will be carried out by the Project Directorate of PIU. The results of the analysis will be used to check the effectiveness of mitigation measures, and if required, to revise/modify the mitigation plan.

Reporting: The report with monitoring data will be prepared by PIU environment specialist and forwarded to the PIU Directorate quarterly. However, in case of noticing any unusual situation, the report will be sent to the Directorate of PIU for immediate action to take measures. The format for the quarterly reports shall be prepared by the environmental specialist of PIU in order to provide comparable and compatible monitoring data from different retrofitting sites.

Decisions: The decisions in relation to the modification of the mitigation measures, informing the relevant authorities, etc. are taken by the PIU.

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F. CONSULTATIONS WITH PROJECT AFFECTED GROUPS (BENEFICIARIES)

- A task force will be initiated and will be in relation with the responsible authorities. The task force will consult the project beneficiaries for each building to be retrofitted.

- According to the needs of beneficiaries, the retrofitting works may be accomplished one or several of the following ways: * The building is completely evacuated for retrofitting works * The building is split in convenient functional units, partially evacuated and retrofitted one unit at time (the possibility of the beneficiary to retrofit the building at the right time and to carry on the daily activities in a satisfactory way) * For buildings such as some hospitals, which cannot be evacuated, the retrofitting works will be carried out with appropriate methods, targeted on the exterior of the buildings, use non-invasive technologies, or be phase to avoid evacuation.

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Romania - Hazard Risk Mitigation and Emergency Preparedness Project

Environmental Assessment Category B

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

Volume II - Flood and Landslides Risk Reduction Component

Preparation of subprojects reports by

Aquaproiect.SA Spl. Independentei 294 77703 Bucuresti 6

S.C. Aquacon Proiect.SA Sibiu Str. Stefan cel Mare nr. 18 Sibiu- Romania

iSPiF SA Soseaua Oltnitei 35-37, sector IV 79656 Bucuresti

Review of EMP by

KWI Management Consultants & Auditors GmbH Fuhrmannsgasse 3-7 A-3 100 St. P6lten - Austria

Intergroup Engineering SRL 5 Zboina Neagra, bl. 98, ap 4 RO- Bucharest 6

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Executive summary a) Floods often affect Romania and there is a tendency for increased flood level and frequency in the last decade. Floods have occurred in about 50 % of the years during the last 100 years. During the past decade, floods were recorded almost every year. In the 1990's between 1992 and 2001 floods in some parts of the country resulted in significant human losses and material losses. Between 1997 and 2001 the total material losses amounted to US$ 582.9 million. A total of 1.3 million ha and approx. 500,000 people are at serious risk of being flooded every year. b) In general, the water regime of the Romanian rivers is characterized by high flows during February through May and low flows during the rest of the year. Repeated and intense floods constitute one of the characteristics of the hydrologic system. The highest frequency of floods is found during the March-June period, while the least frequency during January and August till September. c) Romania has a long tradition in building hydraulic structures. There are 246 large dams according to common definitions. Today, existing but deteriorated flood mitigation facilities as well as the still unprotected streams pose the main damage risk. Besides the hydraulic structures, that are held by the National Water Authority "Apele Romane" there is a number of structures that are administered by the National Land Reclamation Company "SNIF" (both organized under the Ministry of Agriculture, Forest, Water and the Environment). d) The Government of Romania has a good understanding of hazards associated with floods. Areas being at risk are identified and mapped. Apele Romane has a complete assessment of investment needs for the flood mitigation works to reduce the flood damage in high-risk communities. The projects which are proposed under this component have been selected during a prioritization process. e) The project consists of 25 sub-projects for rehabilitation, refurbishment and modernization of the existing works, and new investments. The sub-projects have been classified into the following sub-components:

B.2. 1.: Rehabilitation and Up-grading of Flood Protection Infrastructure - Apele Romane B.2.2.: Rehabilitation of Flood Protection at the Danube River - SNIF B.2.3.: Enhancing Dam Safety at Large Dams - Apele Romane B.2.4.: Enhancing Dam Safety at Small Dams - Apele Romane

Only the projects within sub-component B.2.1 are new investments, the projects within the other sub-components are refurbishment measures for existing hydraulic structures. For all 25 projects an environmental assessment has been conducted.

26 Volume II: Flood and Landslides Risk Reduction Component

f) Environmental Conditions of affected areas: No sub-project is situated within sensitive or protected areas. No protected species, that could possibly be affected by the sub-projects, have been identified.

g) Environmental Impact: no major environmental impacts have been identified. For the identified minor environmental impacts, which are all related to the construction period, an Environmental Management Plan with appropriate mitigation measures has been developed. The assessed sub-projects do meet all environmental requirements given by the World Bank and by Romania. h) Projects at international waterways: for six sub-projects the OP 7.50 applies, three of these projects are new investments. The affected riparian countries are Moldova, Hungary, the Ukraine and Serbia. The notification process for these countries is currently under way. i) The majority of projects are located in areas that range below the Romanian average in terms of income and employment situation. Most of the projects will have a strong positive social impact by considerably improving the situation of the people living in the project area, while negative impacts due to the project implementation remain minimal. Project implementation is expected reduce the danger of floods and increase the amount of water available for households and the economy. This is expected to raise the attractiveness of the areas also for new investors. j) Disclosure and Public consultations: the people and NGOs who are affected by the assessed sub-projects have been consulted for six projects in the past. No objections have been raised according to Romanian authorities, but no minutes of these consultations are available. Therefore it has been decided that a second round of public consultations is required. These meetings have been conducted in May and June 2003. Prior to the meetings available environmental information from the EMP (i.e. a summary of the draft EMP report and of the relevant project specific appendices in Romanian language) has been disclosed at publicly accessible places (libraries, city halls etc.) and the interested inhabitants and NGOs of the area have been invited to the meetings through advertisements in the local press and through local radio broadcasts. No objections have been raised against any of the projects during these meetings. The minutes of the meetings have been attached to the EMP report. k) This document has been used by the Apele Romane and SNIF to receive a so- called programmatic environmental permit from the Ministry of the Environment, which will be valid until the final environmental permit is issued. This final environmental permit is the last stage in project preparation before project implementation according to Romanian legislation. It will only be issued once the detail design for a sub-projects is available.

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Table of content

1 Introduction ...... 32 2 Project description .34 2.1 Investment Portfolio .34 2.2 Planned Interventions .38 2.2.1 Sub-component B.2.1.: Rehabilitation and Up-grading of Flood Protection Infrastructure .38 2.2.2 Sub-component B.2.2.: Rehabilitation of Flood Protection at the Danube River 47 2.2.3 Sub-component B.2.3.: Enhancing Dam Safety at Large Dams .. 50 2.2.4 Sub-component B.2.4.: Enhancing Dam Safety at Small Dams .. 59 3 Legal and Institutional Framework ...... 65 4 Environmental Impacts ...... 70 4.1 Air ...... 70 4.2 Noise ...... 71 4.3 Water ...... 71 4.4 Waste ...... 71 4.5 Fauna and Flora ...... 72 4.6 Soil ...... 72 4.7 Historical and cultural assets ...... 72 4.8 Population ...... 72 4.9 Social impact ...... 73 4.10 Conclusion on Environmental and Social Impacts ...... 73 5 Mitigation Plan ...... 74 6 Monitoring plan .. 77 7 Institutional Strengthening .. 80 8 Public Consultations ...... 81

List of Tables Table 1: Mitigation Plan .76 Table 2: Monitoring Plan .79 Table 3: Public consultations status matrix ...... 83

List of Figures Figure 1: Locations of proposed projects .37

List of Images Image 1: Bank Erosion at the Bega river .41 Image 2: Bank erosion at Bentu has reached the dikes toe .47 Image 3: Bank erosion at Bordusani .48 Image 4: Deteriorated concrete facing at Varsolt dam .51 Image 5: Hydraulic structures downstream of Maneciu dam .53 Image 6: Poiana Uzului dam .56

28 Volune 1I: Flood and Landslides Risk Reduction Component

List of Appendices

Appendix 1 Project specific EMP information and minutes of public consultations

Appendix 2 References

Appendix 3 Project prioritization summary of Apele Romane and SNIF

Appendix 4 Status of the harmonization of Romanian legislation with the environmental legistlation of the European Union as of July 2003

Appendix 5 Additional information by project designers on Romanian environmental procedures and standard environmental contract condition

29 Volume II: Flood and Landslides Risk Reduction Component

List of Abbreviations

CONSIB Consiliul National de Supraveghere §i Inspectie a Barajelor (National Commision for Dam Supervision and Inspection) EC Commission of the European Union EA Environment Assessment EM Environmental Management EMO Environmental Management Office EMP Environmental Management Plan EMP Environmental Management Plan EO Emergency Ordinance EPI (IPM) Environmental Protection Inspectorate (Inspectoratul de Protectie a Mediului) ES Environmental Supervisor EU European Union GD Government Decision ISPIF Design and studies Institute for Land Reclamation (Institutul de Studii si Proiectari pentru Imbunatatiri Funciare) MAFF Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Forest MO Ministerial Order MWEP (MAPM) Ministry of Water and Environmental Protection (Ministerul Apelor si Protectiei Mediului) MWFEP (MAPPM) Former name of MWEP meaning Ministry of Water, Forest and Environmental (Ministerul Apelor, Padurilor si Protectiei Mediului) NCAR (CNAR) National Company "Apele Romane" (Compania Nationala "Apele Romane"). Recently, the Water Central Authority's name has been changed to "National Administration Apele Romane (NAAR) NRL Normal Retention Level NSLR National Society for Land Reclamation OM Official Monitor PIU Project Implementation Unit PPH 98 World Bank's Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook 1998 including Updates SA Societate pe Actiuni (on Share Company) SC Societate Comerciala (Commercial Company) SNIF National Company for Land Reclamation TDS Total Dissolved Solids TOR Terms of Reference WB World Bank WD (DA) Water Directorate (Directia Apelor); WD are organized at each basin level WMS (SGA) Water Management System (Sistemul de Gospodarire a Apelor)

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Glossary of hydrotechnical terms

5-Year Flood A high frequency, low elevation flood with an average chance of one out of five (20%) of occurring in any one year. A 5-year flood generally extends out of the stream bank. 100-Year Flood A flood with an average probability of occurring once during a one hundred year period. Alternatively, it is a flood with one chance out of 100 (1%) of occurring in any one year. Two 100-year floods could occur in the same year. 500-Year Flood A flood with an average probability of occurring once during a five hundred year period. Alternatively, it is a flood with one chance out of 500 (.2%) of occurring in any one year. Two 500-year floods could occur in the same year. Berm - A horizontal ledge cut into or at the top or bottom of an earth bank or cutting, to ensure the safety of a long slope. Blister - A cover of impermeable soil that rises from water pressure. If punctured, a blister can become a boil. Boil - A concentration of seepage in one spot, usually caused by pressure from the river on a strata of coarse sand or gravel. Dike - a dike is a compacted embankment built alongside a river for the purpose of preventing high water from flooding the adjoining land. Overtopping - When Water reaches greater height than the dike. Ponding - A type of drainage management which allows natural depressions to serve as temporary water-holding areas until the pumping system can pump the water away. If these ponding areas are improved, they should be called storage areas or reservoirs. Relief Well - A well drilled into the landward side of a dike to relieve ground pressure. This is done usually to protect a structure from floating or from ground movement. Revetment - A facing of stone, concrete, or even such materials as tires, placed on a riverbank or dike to protect them from erosion. Riprap - Material, usually rock, placed on slope or bank to prevent erosion. Scour - Erosion caused by rapid flow of water. Tide Box - A hinged plate that allows water to flow one way through a structure. Toe - Bottom of dike slope. Toe Drain - Either a pipe or open ditch along the foot of the landward side of a dike to carry off seepage. This prevents saturation of the dike. Wave Wash - Erosion caused by waves.

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Introduction

Floods often affect Romania and there is a tendency for increased flood level and frequency in the last decade. Floods have occurred in about 50 % of the years during the last 100 years. During the past decade, floods were recorded almost every year. In the 1990's between 1992 and 2001 floods in some parts of the country resulted in significant human losses and material losses. Between 1997 and 2001 the total material losses amounted to US$ 582.9 million. A total of 1.3 million ha and approx. 500,000 people are at serious risk of being flooded every year.

In general, the water regime of the Romanian rivers is characterized by high flows during February through May and low flows during the rest of the year. Repeated and intense floods constitute one of the characteristics of the hydrologic system. The highest frequency of floods is found during the March-June period, while the least frequency during January and August till September.

Romania has a long tradition in building hydraulic structures. There are 246 large dams according to common definitions. Today, existing but deteriorated flood mitigation facilities as well as the still unprotected streams pose the main damage risk. Besides the hydraulic structures, that are held by the National Water Authority "Apele Romane" there is a number of structures that are administered by the National Land Reclamation Company "SNIF" (both organized under the Ministry of Agriculture, Forest, Water and the Environment).

From the information which has been collected during visits at several project sites by the Austrian-Romanian Team for Technical Assistance in Project Preparation the reasons for dam degradation have been investigated. From the available information it can be concluded that improper design or construction as well as improper maintenance caused the current status of the hydraulic structures. From the design documentation for the sub- projects that has been made available to the involved Austrian experts for dam safety it can be assumed that the new designs for reconstruction, rehabilitation and upgrading of the existing structures comply with tha international state of the art. It has to be noted however, that no detailed check of the sub-project designs has happened so far to confirm this assumption.

The Government of Romania has a good understanding of hazards associated with floods. Areas being at risk are identified and mapped. Apele Romane and SNIF have a complete assessment of investment needs for the flood mitigation works to reduce the flood damage in high-risk communities.

The proposed projects are those which have been given highest priority during a prioritization process. A summary of the prioritization process of Apele Romane and SNIF has been added as Appendix 4 to this report.

32 Volume II: Flood and Landslides Risk Reduction Component

The overall objective of the project in the critical need to protect human health and economic losses caused by flood, drought or pollution accidents. Currently, the majority of hydraulic structures subjected in this project needs to be reconsidered for rehabilitation or improvement.

The environmental impact assessments were conducted early in project planning in order to directly incorporate environmental findings into the decision making process during preliminary design. Inasmuch, it represents a snapshot of the Project taken at an early stage.

The latest Romanian regulations for Environmental Assessment (Government Decision GD 918/2002 and Ministerial Order MO 860/2002) have been followed as well in order to also comply with Romanian requirements for Environmental Assessment. The data have been collected by the EMP authors from the project titleholders, namely the national land reclamation Company "SNIF", and the national water authority NAAR ("Apele Romane"). The data were mainly collected by the designers by means of titleholders from the existing studies and from hydraulic structure locations during visits.

EA team has consisted of: * AQUAPROJECT (a designing institute from water management) which had made studies and designs of the existing dams and impoundment reservoirs; * ISPIF (a design institute specialized in land reclamation) which made studies and designs of the dikes pumping stations and other hydraulic structures of the proposed project regarding rehabilitation of Flood Protection at the Danube River; * AQUACON Sibiu (the former branch of AQUAPROJECT located in Sibiu) which prepared projects of the existing dams and rivers regulation; * The EIA has been supervised by INTERGROUOP Bucharest (dr. Mihai Lesnic and dr. Danut Cociorva) and the Austrian consultant Mr. Karl Gruber (KWI Management Consultants & Auditors GmbH), who have compiled this EMP report from the available information

33 Volume II: Flood and Landslides Risk Reduction Component

Project description

Under this component 25 subprojects are proposed, which have been classified in 4 groups according to subproject characteristics:

B.2. 1.: Rehabilitation and Up-grading of Flood Protection Infrastructure - Apele Romane B.2.2.: Rehabilitation of Flood Protection at the Danube River - SNIF B.2.3.: Enhancing Dam Safety at Large Dams- Apele Romane B.2.4.: Enhancing Dam Safety at Small Dams- Apele Romane

In addition the projects are classified according to the main works foreseen during project implementation as follows:

- refurbishment of existing hydraulic structures; - new investments.

INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO

The following investment portfolio lists all projects as indicated in Figure 1 in the order of their consecutive number. The numbering is not continuous since it stems from the prioritization process during which a larger number of projects has been assessed. The order of listing also reflects the priority of the projects within each sub-component.

No. Sub-Component Cost Project Type estimated New / Project Name / River US$ '000 Exist.

B 2.1 Rehabilitation and Up-grading of Flood Protection Infrastructure (except projects at Danube river)

1 TARNA new Tama Mare river fitting out in Tama 740 Mare locality, Satu Mare county 2 TARNAVA new Regulation and damming in Tarnava Mica 1.143 river on the sector Cetatea de Balta-Blaj, Alba county 3 CIBIN new Cibin river regulation in the area downstream 2.322 Gura Raului dam at confluence with Olt mrivr, Sibiu county 4 BEGA new Development of the Bega river and ist 2.397 tributaries along Balint - Bethausen sector, Timis county

34 Volume II: Flood and Landslides Risk Reduction Component

No. Sub-Component Cost Project Type estimated New I Project Name / River US$ '000 Exist.

5 SLANIC River Slanic regulation on the sector Slanic-Moldova, Tg. Ocna, Bacau 3,855 new county 6 BABADAG 7,550 new Defending Babadag town against floods, Tulcea county 7 VALSAN 1,463 new Valsan river regulation on the sector Bradet - Valcele, Arges county 8 PRUT new Development of the Prut river bed in 1.290 the Petresti downstream area, Iasi county 9 TELEORMAN-COTMEANA-VEDEA-VEDITA new Flood protection development of Teleorman, Cotmeana, Vedea and 7.366 Vedita river in area of the affected localities Arges, Olt and Teleorman Counties

B 2.2 Rehabilitation of Flood Protection at the Danube River

10 BENTU 5.462 exist. Borcea de Jos/Bentu Flood Protection/ Danube river - Borcea Branch 11 BORDUSANI 885 exist. Borcea de Jos/Bordusani Flood Protection/ ,Danube river - Borcea Branch 12 FACAIENI 406 exist. Borcea de Jos/Facaieni Flood Protection/ Danube river - Borcea Branch

B 2.3 Enhancing Dam Safety at Large Dams

13 BERDU exist. Placing Berdu dam under safety conditions 2.034 Maramures county 14 VARSOLT exist. Placing Varsolt dam under safety conditions 16.618 _ Salaj county 15 MANECIU exist. Placing Maneciu dam under safety conditions 7.338 Prahova county 16 LESU 3,786 exist. Placing Lesu dam under safety conditions, Bihor county 17 DRIDU Increasing safety during operation for Dridu 10.435 exist. storage, lalomita county

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No. Sub-Component Cost Project Type estimated New / Project Name / River US$ '000 Exist.

18 POIANA UZULUI exist. Placing Poiana Uzului dam under safety 1.910 conditions, Bacau county 19 VALEA DE PESTI 3,460 exist Placing Valea de Pesti dam under safety conditions, Hunedoara county 20 SIRIU 9,404 exist. Placing under safety conditions Siriu dam, Buzau county

B 2.4 Enhancing Dam Safety at Small Dams

21 SANMIHAIUL ROMAN exist. Improvements at the Hydro technical Knot 4.749 of Sanmihaiul Roman, Timis county 22 PUCIOASA 3,877 exist. Increasing safety during operation of Pucioasa storage on Ialomita river 23 CATAMARASTI exist. Assuring the safety of Catamarasti 970 dam, Botosani county 24 TARIA exist. Placing Taria dam under safety conditions 2.202 to ensure water supply for Bozovici locality, Caras-Severin county 25 BUFTEA 3,588 exist. Increase safety operation of Buftea storage

The location of each sub-project on Romanian territory is indicated in Figure 1 below.

36 Volume II: Flood and Landslides Risk Reduction Component

IAT'U MA U LOAR.A

Figure1:Locations ofproposedprojects MA

, fS.roMt 4k,- c E = t g ' ) "h is?'

GA~ ~ ~ BULAI Figureproposed 1: Locations projects~~~~~~~~~~~1of

Eal~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~3 Volume II: Flood and Landslides Risk Reduction Component

PLANNED INTERVENTIONS

Sub-component B.2.1.: Rehabilitation and Up-grading of Flood Protection Infrastructure

In the areas adjacent to the rivers where the planned interventions of this group of projects are planned, floods frequently occur. Typically the river bed transport capacity corresponds to an annual overflow probability of 20 % (especially projects 1 and 2).

Where flood protection measures have been implemented in the past, severe floods have damaged or even destroyed these structures (e.g. projects 3 and 9).

In Appendix 1 of this report a risk assessment is given for the assessed sub-projects, where the effects of a flood with an annual probability of occurrence of 5 % in a period of one year (i.e. this flood occurs once in twenty years on average) are described.

The projects of this group are generally new investments.

Project No. 1: TARNA MARE

Following the negative meteorological phenomena manifested in the last period in the Tisa hydrological basin (mainly the floods between 3 and 6 April 2002), important damages have been inflicted on the area neighboring the river stream and affected:

- 69 homes - 2 bridges and 6 small bridges - 1.1 km of county road - 75 hectares of agricultural land

The value of the damages has been assessed to ROL 11.4 billion (1 USD 30,700 ROL). The flooding of the river stream side areas occurred due to insufficient transport capacity of the minor riverbed and some crossing construction as compared to the transport capacity required for proper flow transit according to the importance class of the objectives.

Improvement works are required as soon as possible due to imminent flooding, degradation or destruction of the objectives located in the immediate vicinity of the Tama Mare stream.

The proposed works will be located in the minor riverbed of the river stream administered by the Satu Mare department of Romanian Waters National Administration.

Between 1980 and 1981 on the sector downstream Tarna Mare locality and up to the Ukrainian border, recalibration, embankment, falls, shallows and bank consolidation works were performed on Tama Mare, Mica and Batarci creeks. Bottom sills and riprap bank consolidation works were also performed on the territory of Tarna Mare locality,

38 Volume II: Flood and Landslides Risk Reduction Component but they were almost completely destroyed by the rush of water. The projected works are intended to fight against erosion and flooding phenomena that endanger the social economic objectives in the area as well as the neighboring agricultural land.

In particular, the following works are proposed:

- improving riverbed - supporting walls 1.5 km - river bank protection 0.96 km - dikes 0.35 km

In general, the present layout of the riverbed will be maintained. The proposed improvement works will not modify the natural alluvia transport. Also, the projected works will not change the present status of the surface or underground waters.

Project No. 2: TARNAVA

The floods in the last few years produced major damages to the building structures in the area and damaged several hydro-technical constructions. It is necessary to mention that the hydro-technical works began in 1988 - 1989 but have been interrupted due to lack of funding. Largely due to this essential aspect the floods caused partial destruction of the unfinished dikes, sometimes the damages being amplified by the unfinished works.

Therefore the following works are needed: connection of dikes, heightening of unfinished dikes, building of underground discharges equipped with bear-trap dams and beam gates in order to safely discharge the water from the confinement. A decrease of the bank erosion rate is also important for the improvement of the environmental quality in the area as the proposed works will contribute to:

- stopping the irreversible land loss by bank consolidation - creating conditions for ecological balance and sustained development in the area influenced by the proposed works

The projected works will be located on the minor and major riverbeds of Tarnava Mica river, on the line of existing dikes in Cetatea de Balta, Jidvei, Sanmiclaus and Biia and on the connection line between Sona, Lunca Tarnavei - Panade, Iclob, Saucel, Petrisat, Blaj respectively and will consist of the following components:

- rebuilding of dikes in those locations where they broke down (breaches) due to overtopping during floods - increasing height of dikes in the areas where the tops of dikes are below provisioned flow level or where the 50 cm construction safety freeboard does not exist - building of new dikes in the discontinuity areas (where the already existing dikes have not been completed so far)

39 Volume II: Flood and Landslides Risk Reduction Component

- extension of dikes in the refurbishment areas because of the increased top height according to the provisioned flow level + freeboard - quarry clay protection of the front wall of the existing dike of the Cetatea de Balta confinement (in order to stop water infiltration during high water periods) - bank protection of Tarnava Mica river in the active erosion areas or in the sectors where the bank - dike area does not exist and the dike is endangered by bank erosion - underground discharges for water delivery outside confined areas

Project No. 3: CIBIN

The villages Mohu, Vestem and Talmaciu are threatened by high floods of River Cibin. In addition, high floods lead to bank erosion in the area of the municipalities Orlat and Sibiu. The projects has been designed to mitigate the following flood impacts: a) Mohu commune - damage to 62 households - damage to 200 ha of agricultural land b) Vestem commune - damage to 15 households - damage to 250 ha of agricultural land c) Talmaciu commune - damage to 32 households - damage to 300 ha of agricultural land - damage to 2.5 km of roads - damage to 2 footbridges d) Orlat commune - 1.5 km of bank erosion e) Sibiu locality - 1 km of bank erosion

The proposed flood protection works consist in dikes made up of local material obtained from excavations proposed for recalibrating the minor bed or from earth quarries and borrow pits and of bank protection measures. The project consists of the following main components:

Obj. 1 Orlat bank consolidation L=1,l00 m Obj. 2 Cristian bank consolidation L=500 m Obj. 3 Sibiu bank consolidation L=900 m Obj. 4 Mohu bank consolidation L=1,700 m dike L=2,000 m Obj. 5 Vestem bank consolidation L=1,700 m Obj. 6 Talmaciu bank consolidation L=3,500 m

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In the areas where the space is limited and earth dikes cannot be located, gabions are proposed. A number of under-crossings through the dikes equipped with valve towards the river and gates towards the enclosure were designed for discharging the water from the embanked enclosures.

In the concave bank area, where erosion phenomena have occurred, consolidation works were proposed. These works consist in fascine brush mattresses where raw stone riprap blocks are located. A raw stone pitching is placed on the riprap block for the protection of the banks along their height.

Project No. 4: BEGA

x"'~ ~ ~ 4

Image 1: Bank Erosion at the Bega river

The development of Bega river and its tributaries, along certain stretches, has begun at the start of the 19th century. These works consisted in drainage channels, embankments and water supply channel for Timisoara municipality. At the present moment, works of protection against flood are under construction between Curtea and Bethausen localities (L = 40 kin), located upstream of the sector considered in the present project. The sector where the proposed works will be done is located between the previously executed works (downstream) and the works that are presently being executed (upstream).

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For a Q5% design discharge a flood ability limit has been plotted and so the following project impact could be estimated: a) protected objects in the vicinity of Balint are: - 85 houses and households; - 5 km county road; - 3 km communal road; - 250 ha of agricultural lands. b) protected objects in the vicinity of Bethausen are: - 30 houses and households; - 2 km streets; - 60 ha of agricultural lands.

The flood protection works consist in dikes made up of local material obtained from excavations proposed for re-calibrating the minor bed and from earth quarries. In the areas where the space is limited and earth dikes cannot be located, a concrete parapet is proposed.

The proposed dams have a medium height of approximately 1-2 m, the earth being excavated from the river bed and earth pits. The medium distance for the material to be transported is of approximately 3 km. The dams will be turfed.

After finishing the works, the earth pits will be restored to their initial use. Bed reshaping will be done only in the areas where the existing bed is throttled by alluvial deposits. The reshaping is one at a single section by deepening and widening. The bank consolidation will be developed in areas with active erosion and in the areas where the dike is developed in the extension of the minor bed or at distance smaller than 10 m from the bank.

Project no. 5: SLANIC

The proposed regulation works is in the Trotus river basin, along the Slanic brook at the confluence with Slanicul brook and Trotus river. Localities Slanic Moldova, Cerdac, Ciresoaia and Targu Ocna, in Bacau county, are encompassed by the proposed project.

Heavy rains and melting snows caused the Salinic brook tributaries to carry large quantities of silt, bolders and trees. This resulted in huge floods which affected:

- 62 homes - 4 bridges and 14 small bridges - 2.05 km of bank protection works - a wastewater treatment plant - 43.5 hectares of agricultural land

The value of the damages from floods $660,000 ( or Lei 20 billion ) per year. The flooding of the river stream side areas occurred due to inefficient stream shape and lack

42 Volume II: Flood and Landslides Risk Reduction Component of river bank protection to contain the river within the banks without moving the banks which destroyed several structures.

The proposed works will be as follows:

> Rehabilitation and consolidation works of existing structures in Slanic Moldova town. This would require improved river bank protection, riprap restoration through the town center and wood sill restoration. > New regulation works on Slanic brook-river bed control, dike protection on the left and right bank of the Slanic brook in the confluence of the Trotus river; > Rehabilitation and consolidation works for existing structures > New regulation works on the Slanic brook: 12 km of masonry bank protection etc > The overall development is along a total length of 19.5 km

Project no. 6: BABADAG

The proposed regulation works is in the Tabana river and its tributaries within the built up area of Babadag town in Tulcea county (about 90 km north-west of the Constanta town).

Heavy rains and melting snows between 1983-1991 destroyed 10 houses, 30% of the road network and the industrial area (sugar factory, cereal mill etc). In May 2002 destroyed 23 houses, 70 roads, 1 bridge, 8 culverts, 1 footbridge, 800 m of sewer network and 2 km of bank protection.

The total cost of the damage was ROL 71 billion ($2.3 million). The average annual damage is about $1.3 million

The proposed works will be as follows:

> Rehabilitation and consolidation works of existing structures along the Tabana brook left and right bank which consists of bank protection , reinforcing culverts etc > Regulation works on Tabana brook-river bed and bed shape control; > Rehabilitation and consolidation works for three bridges for the national road 22 and two bridges in the streets

In general, the present layout of the river hydraulics and water levels will be maintained. The proposed improvement works will not modify the natural alluvia transport. Also, the projected works will not change the present status of the surface or underground waters.

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Project No. 7: VALSAN RIVER

The proposed sub-project is located in Arges river basin, on the sector between Bradet and Valcele localities, Arges county. The insufficient current transport capacity of the river bed, corresponding to the probability of exceeding of 20%, provoke frequent floods on these localities and adjacent agricultural land. Flood damages recorded until now reached a peak of US$468,000. Important economic and social buildings, households and agricultural fields are at risk: * 10 houses * 8 bridges and 4 footbridges * 6.5 km communal roads * 6.3 km electric networks * 400 ha agricultural land * hydraulic structures

In case of a flow with the probability of 5%, the potential damage will possibly amount over 25 mill. $.

The main objective of this project is decreasing the flooding frequency and risks for Bradet - Valcele localities sector (Arges county) and decreasing/stopping the banks erosion, eliminating the human life losses, defending the social and economic objectives and agricultural lands situated on the area and near the water course.

To avoid the flooding risk of the social and economic objectives situated on this locality area, the banks erosion, the agricultural lands flooding the following works are proposed: * increase of transport capacity on 42,7 km, through river bed works * river banks consolidation with gabions and riprap, on 1,82 km * rehabilitation of 3 bottom sills and construction of 7 new bottom sills, * works for slope stabilization 14,500 m.

Through the proposed works, safety for the inhabitants and their goods will be substantially increased, preventing also indirect damages and enhancing water flow conditions.

Project No. 8: PRUT Existing embankment works have been executed between 1975 and 1985. Upstream of the area of the proposed project works, the Stanca Costesti storage reservoir was built in 1979. This reservoir serves both for flood protection and for power supply. Due to level variations resulting from daily turbine activity at this reservoir, bank erosion phenomena emerged on Prut river. As a result of the above mentioned factors, the bank consolidation works are proposed in Bosia locality area with the aim mentioned above. In case that the proposed works will not be carried out, the erosion phenomena will continue, thus leading to breakage of the existing dike and immediate flooding of 11,220 ha of agricultural land and 120 houses and households.

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Proposed consolidation will be achieved by a raw stone rockfill block, founded on a brush mattress. A stone pitching leans on the rockfill block, placed on a draining layer of ballast. Average height of the block is approx. 6.5 m. The stone pitching will rise up to the height of the banks. An operation surveyor's house has been designed within the project scope in order to monitor the behavior of existing and future structures.

Project No. 9: TELEORMAN-COTMEANA-VEDEA-VEDITA

A number of flood protection works were achieved between 1960-1990 along Vedea river and its tributaries. The works were aimed at protecting the areas affected by floods along the years.

On the Vedea river, dikes have been constructed in Alexandria municipality (L=3km) and downstream of Branceni community up to the zone where the river flows into the Danube river (L=22km) in the course of the project.

On the Teleorman river, regulation and bed embankment works have been done on a length of approx. 5 km in Tatarestii de Sus community, as well as dikes for Bucov river, one on its right-hand side tributary (L=6km) in the same area of the municipality. On Vedita brook there are no regulation or bed embankment works existing. The project has been designed to mitigate the following flood impacts: a) protection along the Teleorman river for the commune Tatare§tii de Jos (with villages Obartu and Lada): - 60 houses and outhouses; - 250 m communal road; - 350 ha of agricultural lands. and for the commune Orbeasca (Laceni village): - 50 houses and 68 households; - 300 m community road. b) protection along the Vedea river for the commune Tigane§ti - Branceni: - 200 houses and outhouses; - 15 ha of agricultural lands. c) protection along the Vedita river for the commune Colonesti (villages Barasti, Navargeni and Maruntei): - 300 houses and outhouses; - 50 ha of agricultural lands.

The flood protection works consist in dikes made up of local material obtained from excavations proposed for re-calibrating the minor bed or from earth quarries and barrow pits. In the areas where the space is limited and earth dikes cannot be located, a concrete

45 Volume II: Flood and Landslides Risk Reduction Component parapet is proposed. A number of under-crossings through dike equipped with valve towards the river and gates towards the enclosure have been designed for discharging the water from the embanked enclosures. In the concave bank area, where erosion phenomena have occurred, consolidation works are proposed.

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Sub-component B.2.2.: Rehabilitation of Flood Protection at the Danube River

Flood protection dikes along Danube River are under SNIF's administration. The projects which are proposed under this sub- component are rehabilitation works at existing flood protection structures.

The Borcea de Jos area in the Danube River delta has been surrounded by dikes during 1963-1966 . The longitudinal defending dikes have been constructed with the for 10-year floods with a safety border up to an annual overflow probability of 3%. They were periodically maintained and repaired. All these works are well beyond their designed service period and require rehabilitation.

During the past years major river bank erosion phenomena have been observed which are proceeding at a pace of up to 4 Meters per year. In addition, the existing pumping stations for drainage and irrigation have been damaged during high floods.

Project No. 10: BENTU

Image 2: Bank erosion at Bentu has reached the dikes toe

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At Bentu bank erosion happens currently at a rate of 5 - 11 m per year. Initially the dike- bank width was around 150-200 m but now it is reduced to 45 - 100 m, even less at certain locations. This erosion resulted in diminishing the forest surface area by approx. 0.972 ha per year. The following measures have been proposed: - Bank protection against erosion of the Borcea branch on Lt = 1950 m - Reshaping of the existing dike section by completion of the embankments and slopes where necessary - Dike slope protection on Lt = 50 m downstream and upstream of the SPE Bentu evacuation canal - Refurbishment of the SPE Bentu evacuation canal revetment on Lt = 99 m - Repair of the evacuation canal outlet 1 = 6 m, Lt = 50 m upstream and downstream - Refurbishment of the dike on Lt = 1400 including the construction at 100 m distance from the new dike of a drainage canal for the under dike infiltration water - Afforestation of the new dike - bank zone (17.2 ha) with productive species (willow, osier, poplar); this however is not a part of this project.

Project No. 11: BORDUSANI

Image 3: Bank erosion at Bordusani

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At Bordusani bank erosion happens currently at a rate of 2.5 m per year. Initially the dike-bank width was around 150-200 m but now this was reduced down to 130-190 m (at an average annual pace of 2.5 m). This erosion resulted in diminishing the forest surface area by approx. 0.285 ha per year. The following measures have been proposed: - Bank protection against erosion using gabion packs 0.5 m x 20 m made geogrids and geotextiles placed at the level 2.65 (Baltic Sea-reference level); - Rip-rap prism with crown elevation 50 cm below the multiannual water level; - Slope protection consisting of raw stone lining, 0.4 m thick, laid on geotextiles with filtering role; this lining also covers the flat bank area on a 3.0 m width, being embedded into the natural terrain through a raw stone spur. - Refurbishment of two pumping stations

Project no. 12: FACAIENI

At Facaieni bank erosion happens currently at a rate of 4 m per year. The bank erosion in the project zone has been measured at the following rates: - Between km 18+065 and km 17+800: erosion of 20-35 m from 1966 to 2002 - Between km 17+800 and km 17+300: erosion of 35-40 m from 1966 to 2002

This erosion resulted in diminishing the forest surface area by approx. 0.04ha. Main causes of producing these erosion phenomena are:

- Geotechnical characteristics; - Waves produced by ships going near the right side bank; - Current direction to the right side bank; - Water velocity of 0.6-0.7 m/s at the higher flows.

The following measures have been proposed:

- Bank protection against erosion with gabion packs of 0.5 m in thickens made by geogrills and geotextiles placed at the level 2.45 (Baltic Sea-reference level); - Stone fill-dike between 2.45 and 5.45 (Baltic Sea-reference level).

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Sub-component B.2.3.: Enhancing Dam Safety at Large Dams

The proposed refurbishment and renovation projects of the large dams in this group of project will reduce the risk of dam failure significantly. Typically the dams which will undergo repair, presently cannot operate under nominal conditions because of this high risk of failure at present.

In the following table a summary of existing problems and proposed measures at the sample projects within this sub-component is given. Since these projects are all rehabilitation measures for existing hydraulic structures no alternatives to dam refurbishment have been assessed.

Project No. 14: BERDU

Stramtori is a large dam that has been constructed in the years 1960 - 1964 to provide water supply (drinking and industrial) for localities in the zone (i.e. to the local capital Baia Mare of 150.000 inhabitants, to Baia Sprie, and to other localities in the area). It is a buttress dam of appr. 50 m height and a storage capacity of about 17 Mio m3 which is equipped with a spillway. Immediately downstream the Berdu balance basin is located for energy dissipation of the high dam spillway and for water supply intake . The Berdu balance basin gets created by a dam (Berdu dam) which has a height of 14,5 m and has been constructed as concrete surfaced rock fill dam. Starting in 1995, seepage was recorded in the right shoulder of the dam. The eepage rate exceeds 100 I/s at present. This water infiltration at the rock fill dam is increasing in spite of different measures (insufficient injections on the right dam site) resulting in a lowering of the basin water level as deep as possible and in additional observation measurements. Large local seepage on the right downstream dam toe (up to 100 l/s) including sediment erosion out of the dam body can be observed. The water supply equipment in the buttress dam (pipes and valves) is damaged and the hydro electric equipment out of function. From the dam safety point of view the refurbishment of the rock fill dam and its equipment is immediately necessary.

This project foresees to refurbish the dam with the following measures: drainage of the dam, insulation works and installation of new mechanical equipment as well as measuring equipment for monitoring. The proposed measures in detail are:

- By-pass pipe for the balance basin in order to assure the water supply for the consumers during periods of damage and repairs at Berdu dam, including upstream connections at Stramtori dam and down-stream for the water delivery. - Rehabilitating the equipment for the connection at the Stramtori dam bottom water outlet in order to make a certain connection between the by-pass pipe and the Stramtori storage reservoir restoration. - Restoration of the Berdu dam in the right slope by installing a screen and a watertight diaphragm through injections; - Rehabilitating the equipment from the maneuver tower of the water delivery and the draining, including the electric and automatic installations;

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- Installing a deflector at the ski-jump spillway at Stramtori dam in order to step the water flow on the access bridge, on the equipment and machinery; - Soil water proofing and the ski-jump spillway water proofing for Stramtori dam; - Rehabilitating the draining system of the right slope in order to settle its sliding; - Rehabilitating the monitoring system, completion for monitoring the atypical phenomena observed during the last period of operation and for the observation of the works that are being executed; - Rehabilitating the alarm system.

Project No. 14: VARSOLT

Image 4: Deteriorated concrete facing at Varsolt dam

Varsolt dam was designed as a nonpermanent storage reservoir, for flood protection purposes, but it has been used in addition as a permanent storage reservoir for water supply of the municipalities Zalau and Simleu Silvaniei. It is an earth fill dam made of local material, 2300 m length, 14 m height, a storage capacity of about 40 Mio m3, 2 bottom outlets on different levels (each of them with one gallery for water supply and one gallery for flood control) and a spillway with concrete faced downstream-canal.

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Changing the storage reservoir operation and the operating regime was done without providing proper foundation and dam sealing elements. Storage reservoir commissioning took place without achieving the necessary development works for the mountain streams in the watershed, which led to the rapid silting-up of the storage reservoir and to a subsequent change of the storage volume. The lining of the spillway canal is insufficient for the hydraulic impact and damages in the concrete facing of the bottom outlet can be observed at the moment. Storage reservoir construction elements require repair works due to operation wearing (high water discharge, old headrace gallery, discharge channel of the downstream water etc.). This project has been chosen due to the potential danger of dam damage, which would affect Zalau, Simleu Silvaniei and 16 other localities downstream. An accident would lead to a flooding of 8,162 households and 20,098 ha of land, interruption of drinking water supply for approx. 86,000 inhabitants and would damage the ecosystem equilibrium downstream the dam in the tributary area of river Crasna. The project consists of the following main components:

- Improvement of dam safety operation by: Dam foundation and sealing works; Dam reshaping; High water discharger repair works; Execution drillings for discharging the water from the new gallery; Downstream discharging channel reshaping; Left shoulder, new two bottom outlet discharging channel repair works; Storage reservoir outline anti-erosion stabilization by development of a forest belt around the storage reservoir perimeter;

- Works for reducing the alluvial convergence upstream of the storage reservoir (on the Crasna River, Pria Brook, Ragului Brook, Banului Brook, Mortauta Brook) that consists in development of the Crasna River upstream of the storage reservoir by achieving gabion bottom sills, local bank consolidations as well as, bed and tributary recalibrations.

- Rehabilitation of the monitoring system, including the alarm-warning and seismic system.

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Project No. 15: MANECIU

Image 5: Hydraulic structures downstream of Maneciu dam

Maneciu dam is situated in the Prahova and lower lalomita River hydrographic basin, and located on the Teleajen River at 0.50 km downstream the Teleajen River confluence with Teleajen Brook, on the Prahova County territory, outside the constructed perimeter of Maneciu - Ungureni localities. It is an earth fill dam with central clay core, 78 m height, a storage capacity of 60 Mio m3 and equipped with a spillway (1 350 m 3/s, morning glory, shaft, race canal, dissipation basin) and a bottom outlet (125 m3/s). The damn has been constructed in the years 1978 - 1994 and its main purposes are production of hydroelectricity (average energy output: 20 GWh/year), drinking and industrial water supply (discharge: 1.97 m3/s), irrigation (2400 ha), fish farming, flood control and touristic development of the area. Since 1994, the following incidents occurred: a) During tests in 1997, at 50% opening of the bottom outlet service valve the energy dissipation structures did not work under the standard safety conditions. After the bottom outlet was closed the following damages could be observed: - The access way to the Maneciu water treatment plant was deteriorated (road running along the right bank of the channel); - A displacement of the vertical plane of the two bottom boards on the discharge pipe (at about 150 m downstream of the dam);

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- Erosion of the right slope area, immediately downstream of the dissipation along a 30 m length, underwashing of the water headrace conduit to Maneciu water treatment plant on the same length; - Partial displacement of the material behind the left slope protection boards along a 20 m length downstream of the dissipation. b) Seepage in the high water discharger I ceiling with bays, as well as degradation of the high water discharge concrete and downstream floor. Seepage flow rate in the high water discharger is increased once the storage reservoir level goes over the level of 584.00 mASL. If these problems are not eliminated, this water discharge path cannot be operated under safe conditions due to the concrete degradation and iron core corrosion; c) High water discharger invert degradation that increases also due to freezing-thawing phenomenon; d) Dam monitoring activity issue; e) Left slope instability in the dam connection area which led to changing the NRWL from 606.00 mASL to restricted 595.00 mASL. Under these conditions, should floods occur that exceed the maximum hydroelectric power plant discharge capacity, it would be necessary to open the GF valves more than 30%, which results in the problems mentioned under item a).

This project foresees to refurbish the dam with the following measures: - Unloader restoration: e - restoring the bottom outlet dissipater; - works for restoring the high water discharger; - Slope consolidation; - Rehabilitating the monitoring system, including the alarm system.

Project No. 16: LESU

Lesu is a large dam in Bihor County on a tributary of Crisu Repede River and has been constructed in the years 1973 to provide for the following:

> compensating water for the downstream water as needed and to meet the deficit for drinking and for industry especially for Oradea municipality about 28,000 people; > water supply development for Remeti area situated immediately downstream of the dam > generate about lOGWh/year of power of the areas downstream of the dam > flood mitigation for all the downstream areas

The dam height is 61 m and the crest width is 180 m with a side spillway to take a one in a 1000 year inflow. The total operating volume of the reservoir is 26 million cum. The reservoir surface area is 143 ha and the catchment area is 83 km2 . The main issues are seepage on the concrete face of the dam and on the reservoir bed up to 300 I/sec and the hydrotechnical equipment needs to be replaced.

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The main construction items on the dam are the following:

> excessive seepage in the bed of the reservoir > the crest of the dam needs to be resurfaced and safety railing need to be placed on either side of the crest road; > repair the concrete face of the dam and use geotextile material to further water proof the face of the dam > related to it is the need to undertake further curtain grouting in the foundation via the drainage gallery > electromechanical works need to be replaced > rehabilitate the monitoring system and expand the monitoring needed for the embankments, drainage gallery water monitoring; etc.

Project No. 17: DRIDU

Dridu storage has been constructed in the years 1978 - 1985 to provide irrigation water supply for 17,000 ha area and industrial water supply for The City of Urziceni. It also provides flood protection of 30,000 ha, energy production ( 2.4 MW installed capacity) and available discharge derivation from lalomita river to the hydrotechnical system Mostistea for irrigation. The proposed project foresees to solve the problems that occurred since the dam has started operation to assure that the storage can operate again at the initial designed parameters. During the storage reservoir operation from the beginning until recently a series of major negative phenomena that endanger the operation have been observed:

- major erosion of the storage reservoir banks - degradation of the steel hydraulics structures of the flood spillway and damage of the revetment of the discharge channel - seepage through the earth foundation of the dam - drainage drillings at flood spillway get filled with sand - flooding and degradation of 3 houses in the locality Fierbinti, a church in the locality Stroesti, in the commune Fierbinti and the sewerage network of the helping school in Fierbinti.

In order to mitigate the damaging effects of these incidents, the project consists of the following main components:

- storage basin bank protection in the areas with strong erosions - replacing the existing drainage system - works at the spillway to assure safe operation (rehabilitation of the sills situated on the spillway canal - superelevation of the road DJ 101 and DC 185

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- other protection works (measuring and control instrumentation, rehabilitation of the acoustic warning-alarming system - this system is used for alarming the population living downstream the dam).

Project No. 18: POIANA UZULUI

Image 6: Poiana Uzului dam Poiana Uzului is a large dam that has been constructed in the years 1967 - 1973 to provide water supply (drinking and industrial) for localities in the zone (Darmanesti, One,ti, Bacau). It is a buttress dam of 80 m height with a storage capacity of 90 Mio m3 and is equipped with a spillway with a capacity of 900 m3 /s. Because of flood events in 1984 and immediately starting water infiltration the dam safety does not comply to national Romanian or international dam safety requirements. In particular, increasing water infiltration in spite of different measures (drainage drillings and injections) has been observed which resulted in a lowering of the basin water level by 7 meters and in additional observation measurements. From the view of dam safety the refurbishment of the dam and its equipment is generally necessary. If an accident will occurs, the following consequences have to be considered:

- A high tide flow of 70,000 cu.m per second will affect about 25,000 inhabitants downstream; - A number of about 450 households will also be affected; - The production of 27 companies, including Darmanesti refinery, will be affected

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This project foresees to refurbish the dam with the following measures: drainage of the dam, insulation works and providing with mechanical equipment and measuring equipment for monitoring. In detail, the following measures are proposed:

- consolidation of the bottom rock at the downstream dam foot on its entire area; - injection of the joints and cracks; - rehabilitation of the hydro-mechanical equipment; - improvement of the drainage system - reconstruction of the piezometer network; - improvement of the instrumentation network, - increase of the spillway capacity;

Project No. 18: VALEA DE PESTI

Valea de Pesti is a large dam in Hunedoara County on Valea de Pesti tributary 500 m upstream on the on the confluence with the Jiul de Vest River. The dam is 56 m high, with a crest width of of 6.35 m and a length of 237 m, and a asphalt face of 15,000 m2 in th3e upstream face. The outlet facility is a submersible tower of 15 m high with 1 m diameter. The dam is equipped with a bottom outlet of 4 m diameter with two outlet valves and a morning glory spillway which connects with the bottom outlet and has a variable diameter from 5 m to 3.6 m. The total storage is 4.5 million and the spillways are 1/1000 year inflow.

The project was constructed and commissioned in 1973 to provide for the following services:

> Water supply of 900 1/sec to 10,000 household downstream to several towns and cities in the Jiul de Vest river basin; > Water supply to the CET Paroseni (670 l/sec); > Water supply for other users between Valea de Pesti and Paroseni (200 l/sec) > Flood mitigation for all the downstream areas

The asphalt face was designed to last 25 years and it is observed that the upper part of the face is cracked and there is increased infiltration. There is also seepage through the valve chamber walls on the bottom outlet. The hydro-mechanical equipment needs repair and the electric installation needs to be replaced. The outlet pipe has to be repaired. In addition the existing monitoring equipment needs to be rehabilitated and additional monitoring needs to be placed for settlement, seepage measurement.

The main construction items on the dam are the following:

> Restoring the water proofing of the asphalt concrete with new asphalt and geo- membrane > Re-grade the crest and place safety rails and parapets > Repair all the infiltration in the gate chambers

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> Development of chambers in the downstream areas > Drainage in the dam downstream areas (intercepting canals and outlets to river) > Rehabilitation of the hydromechanical equipment (hydraulics and electrical works) > Rehabilitation of the monitoring system and establish many more monitoring equipment.

Project No. 20: SIRIU

Siriu is a large dam located in the Buzau hydrographic basin, on the Buzau River. It is located near the commune with same name, 10 km upstream of Nehoiu town, in Buzau County. The project was completed in 1994 and commissioned also in 1994. The dam construction was done over a 19 year period between 1975 to 1994.

The project details are the following: crest Height is 122 m; crest width is 570 m; side spillway has a capacity of 3200 m3/sec with three different spillway slots 2000, 1000; and 200 m3/sec; and reservoir capacity is 155 million m3 with a active storage of 125 m3

The main purpose of the dam and reservoir is to provide:

> Drinking water to all downstream localities 2.5 m3/sec which benefits close to 200,000 people in towns, cities and communes; > Irrigation designed for 20,000 ha downstream although the area may be different presently > Electric power generation of 122 GWh/year > Flood prevention with a 30 million m3 flood storage capacity > Aquaculture > Recreation

Presently the dam is operated far below its capacity because of the dam safety issues. The main construction items on the dam are the following:

> Repair the crest by re-grading the crest and place safety rails and parapets; > Repair drainage galleries to undertake grouting through galleries and ensure the drainage can take place > Development of chambers in the downstream areas > Drainage in the dam downstream areas (intercepting canals and outlets to river) > Rehabilitation of the hydromechanical equipment (hydraulics and electrical works) > Rehabilitation of the monitoring system and establish many more monitoring equipment and develop a proper alert system.

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Sub-component B.2.4.: Enhancing Dam Safety at Small Dams.

The small dams which will be refurbished by the projects within this sub-component serve many different purposes such as water supply, water storage for fire fighting, as retention basins, water storage for irrigation, flow regulation, etc.

In the following paragraphs a summary of existing problems and proposed measures is given. Since these projects are all rehabilitation measures for existing hydraulic structures no alternatives to dam refurbishment have been assessed.

Project No. 21: SANMIHAIUL ROMAN

* ~ ~~~ ~ ~~ 4 Z20II

;71~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1

The Timisoara - NH Sanmihaiu Roman pool has a length of 14.9 km. 9 km of this is within Timisoara city limits and supplies the required water flow for the city. The hydro- technical node was designed, projected and built to preserving a minimum water level in the upstream pool required for:

- Industrial water supply of economic units - Fire fighting water supply for Timisoara city - Ensuring of computed (guaranteed) navigation depth according to ship drafts and pilot reserve

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- Regulation of minimum flows on the channel - Preservation of aquatic ecosystem and population health - Transit of floods formed on Bega river - in Topolovat - HEPP Timisoara - Sanmihaiu Roman hydro-technical node sectors - without inundation of pool neighboring areas. - Ice discharge during winter (when the Sanmihaiu Maghiar gate is down) - Ship locking - maximum capacity 600 tdw - Preservation of channel flow within 5 to 83.5 m3/s limits (as stipulated in the Romanian - Yugoslavian Agreement for channel exploitation)

Between 1989 - 1990, on the basis of the projects drawn up by CCSITEH Timisoara (HIDROTIM), the ICM Bocsa enterprise has produced the hydro-mechanical equipment required for general overhaul of the hydro-technical node Sanmihailu Roman. After equipment delivery, the financing was interrupted and the purchased equipment was stored within the company premises. During this time, the warranty period offered by the supplier expired and the equipment suffered from wear and thefts.

The advanced state of degradation of existing works and equipment now endangers the general safety of the entire hydro-technical works in the area and - as stipulated in the Romanian - Yugoslavian agreement regarding channel exploitation - makes the risk of installation collapse unacceptable.

As far as flood risk is concerned, the impossibility or difficulty of operating the dam gates is now placing a high inundation risk to neighboring areas (including areas in Timisoara) as well as the dikes themselves. In case of dike collapse, more than 1,000 homes, 20 km of county road, 30 km of communal road and 4,000 hectares of agricultural land will be flooded. A major damage to the dam or the break up of circular chamber sluice will cause a drop of the water level below the minimum quota required to supply water to Timisoara, having a negative impact on the population. Also, the current situation (with the circular chamber sluice blocked) will have a negative effect on a number of areas in Timisoara due to further degradation of upper water that will consequently lead to a diminished transport capacity of the channel as well as of flood protection degree below accepted limits.

The proposed project consists of the following components: - Preparatory works (demolitions, building of access buildings and roads, water diversion through the lock), which require the building of a borrow pit and storage areas for the material resulted from demolition and for excess soil. A borrow pit and storage areas with a total surface of 10,000 m2 will be constructed for cofferdam fillings and storage of materials resulting from de- silting, demolition and concrete structure debris.

- Refurbishment of the gate dam, particularly by construction of an escape dam to preserve the minimum operation level during repair works at the existing gate dam, of building of a cofferdam protected compound to dry up the gate dam and perform additional works for site access, of repairing of the gate

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dam by construction works and replacement of hydro-mechanical equipment, of building of upstream and downstream cofferdams to dry up upstream and downstream access channels and lock, of repair and replacement works for the hydro-mechanic equipment of the lock, and of channel de-silting to ensure the required transport capacity.

Project No. 22: PUCIOASA

The Pucioasa dam is located on the Ialomita River, upstream of the confluence with Bizdidel river, near Pucioasa town in Dambovita County. The dam was constructed in 1975 and commissioned on that date. The spillway dam has two dikes left and right bank- has a height of 30.5 m and 20.5 m for the left bank, crest length of 420 m for the right bank and 820 m for the left bank and there are three bottom outlets and a spillway, water outlet for drinking water are also provided. The dam has a multipurpose function, including the following:

> Water supply for industry in Pucioasa, Doicesti and Targoviste twons. Provision is 1.65 m%/sec > Water supply for Pucioasa municipality 0.2 m 3/sec > Water supply for troute fish farming downstream 0.4 m 3 /sec > Electric Power generation 12 m 3 /sec > Flood mitigation for the downstream areas -to reduce the peak further downstream storages (Bizdidel and Vulcana)

The main project activities to improve the safety of the dam and dikes are as follows:

> Rehabilitate the right bank dike by increasing its height by 1.5 m for 500 m including a rock face to protect the dike in the upper part of the dike. This would require extending the right bank dike by 100 m with a crest width of 4.5 m > Rehabilitate the downstream stilling basin > Rehabilitating and modernizing the hydraulic equipment (gates, hydraulics etc) > Rehabilitating and modernizing the electrical fittings to operate the gates and other equipment > Rehabilitating and improving the monitoring system-additional piezometers, monitoring the drainage flows, monument gauges, automatic pumping of drainage flows from the galleries > Rehabilitate and up grade the hydrometric stations in Moreni, Fieni etc. Establish a radio network for remote transmission of data collected and primary processing of the data and an alert system

Project No. 23: CATAMARASTI

The complex water accumulation in Catamarasti has been built between 1975 and 1979 for the following purposes:

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- water source for an irrigated land surface of 6,035 hectares - industrial water supply Q = 0.3 m3/s - fish farming surface of 105 hectares - protection against floods for the downstream areas

From the information collected from the beneficiary, landslides on the right escarpment were observed during accumulation exploitation in the area of high water overflow discharge. The specialists supervising the initial works noticed that instability of the right escarpment has manifested itself since the performance of the diggings for the water overflow discharge. Low depth drainage has been performed but failed to stabilize the landslides; in time, they continued and led to complete deterioration of the overflow discharge body.

The landslides produced deformation of the overflow discharge tiles (cracks and displacements) in both dam level and upstream areas, as well as a significant uplift of the discharge culvert foundation mat. Taking into account the reasons mentioned above, rebuilding of the water overflow discharge has become necessary to re-constitute the required safety level of the accumulation.

The proposed project consists of the following main components: - excavation of the dam body in the location of the new discharge - performance of a granular material filling for the discharge body - tiling of the discharge front with reinforced concrete tiles, 0.25 to 0.50 m thick, laid on a 0.25 m thick common reinforced concrete layer, which is in turn overlaid on a draining layer - building of an 4 - 5 m high upstream toe wall to go through the consolidated silt and then be built in the base rock - building of a concrete 4 m high sloping toe wall with 0.5 m thick foundation mat - building of a stone made downstream apron ensuring the connection with the discharge channel and partial rebuilding of the existing overflow discharge - building of a foot path over the discharge - stabilization works for the right escarpment consisting in demolition (breakdown and extraction) of the concrete tiles of the existing discharge (to be later used as riprap for the downstream apron), building of a drainage system made of broken rock, small and medium size aggregates designed to collect the water infiltration in the upper area of the escarpment with discharges both upstream and downstream the dam and of building of a berm at the basis of the escarpment (in the location of the existing discharge) using the material excavated from the dam body.

Project No. 24: TARIA

Taria is a small dam that has been designed and constructed between 1976 and 1983 to provide water supply (drinking and industrial) of the locality Bozovici. (average daily

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flow: 651/s). It is a rockfill dam with concrete apron with a maximum height of 7.5 m and a storage capacity of approx. 50,000m3.

On 2nd and 3rd May 1978 the dam broke because of a historical high flow. In 1983 some interventions have been made by constructing a spurdike at the base of the downstream slope and on the upstream concrete apron in order to stop a leakage (about 2-31/s was estimated then). At present the dam has the following problems:

- Leakage at the base of the slope downstream; - Deterioration of concrete apron downstream; - Deterioration of the left wall of the front weir; - The hydro-insulation on the upstream side is not completed; - Deficiencies of mechanical equipment; - Advanced clogging up of the impoundment reservoir; - Defending wall plunge.

This project foresees to refurbish the hydraulic structure Taria in order to meet once again international standards for dam safety. Refurbishment of the following works is necessary: dam apron, bottom emptying pipe (ND 600mm), water intake and the main pipe, front overflow, removal of sediments, retention works upstream on the Taria River in order to diminish lake silting by building stone thresholds.

Project no. 25: BUFTEA

The dam is located on Ciocanesti River which is a tributary of Dambovita River, on the Raioasa Forest Road in Iifov county. The dam was constructed in 1974 and the micro hydro plant 1982 and commissioned also in 1982. The dam is a earth dam, 10 m high, and 580 m long crest. It has two circular bottom outlets of circular concrete pipes of 1.5 m diameter each. It has a unlined side spillway which was determined as needed after the 1975 flood. There was a micro-hydropower plan which operated until 1995. The upstream bank is clearly damaged and there is leakage via the spillway. The volume of the reservoir is 9.6 MCM of which 6.5 MCM is active storage. The main benefits of this dam although it is small is as follows:

> Water supply for a chain of lakes with 53.8 MCM/year > Water supply for several large industry (canning and cooling water) of one million per year downstream > Water for several communities -Buciumeni, Mogosoaia, Pantelimon, etc > Irrigation in Buftea -National Land Reclamation Company > Water supply for fish farming downstream 0.4 m 3/sec > Electric Power generation although small > Flood mitigation for the downstream areas

The main project activities to improve the safety of the dam since the height of the dam has settled by 0.7 m. Hence the crest has to be heightened, upstream and downstream

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slopes have to be rehabilitated. There is abundant vegetation of the dam slopes that must be removed and unauthorized structures within the dam for fishing-quays, fences etc. have to be removed and the micro-hydropower plant has to be decommissioned.

The following are the works needed to improve the dam safety and to bring it up to safe standards:

> Rehabilitate the dam and increase the height on 0.7 m > Deforest the vegetation on the crest and downstream slope > Decommission the hydropower plant. The building and the pipe leading to the station will be demolished. The escape channel will be used for drainage flows within the dam m > Upstream face will be protected by concrete slabs with rock pitching in the upper parts to prevent erosion of the upstream face > Right bank has to be increased in height by 1.5 m. The right bank will have to be protected with concrete > The drainage system has to be extended with additional longitudinal drains in the downstream of the dam > Bottom outlet is generally satisfactory but the silt in the inlet has to be cleared and downstream dissipater has to be refurbished; > Spillway has to be rehabilitated so as to give a capacity for 1 in 100 year inflow and install new hydro-mechanical gates; > Rehabilitating and modernizing the hydraulic equipment (gates, hydraulics etc) for the bottom outlets > Rehabilitating and modernizing the electrical fittings to operate the gates and other equipment > Rehabilitating and improving the monitoring system-additional piezometers, monitoring the drainage flows, monument gauges > Rehabilitate and up grade the upstream hydrometric stations.

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Legal and Institutional Framework

The main legal acts in force that are related to EIA are the following: 1. Law of Environmental Protection (LEP) 137/1995 republished in 17 February 2000 on the base of Art 2 of Law nr. 159/1999 (LEP 137/1995 had been once more modified before by the Government Order (GO) no. 314/1998). 2. The Emergency ordinance (EU) no. 91/2002 for modification and completion of LEP 137/1995. 3. Government Decision (GD) 918/2002 regarding the establishment of framework procedure of the Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) and for approval of public or private projects that are subjected to this procedure. 4. MO 860/2002 for approval of EIA procedure and for giving the environment consent. 5. MO 756/1997 approving the Regulation for environment pollution assessment. 6. Ministerial Order (MO) no. 184/1997 for elaboration of environmental balance. 7. GD 573/2002 for authorization procedure of the activities with impact on environment. The new provisions of the above mentioned legal acts regarding EIA are: LEP 137/1995 republished and EU 91/2002 * Chapter III of LEP 137/1995 republished comprises the regulation of economic and social activities with impact on environment. According the Article 8 of this chapter the environmental consent (permit) is obligatory for new investments, for the existing activities which are modified and for the activities listed in Annex II. Hydraulic structures (dams, hydropower plants with more than 10 MW power input, installations for protection against flood and for alluvial retention) are mentioned in the respective Annex. Consequently, those works have to have EIA as a base, for getting environmental consent (permit) or authorization. The request for authorization is obligatory for existing structures. The environmental consent is given in parallel with other legal acts. The authorization is given after all the other consents (permits) necessary according to other legal requirements (Art. 8 from EU 91/2002). A new chapter - I' has been added to LEP 137 republished according to EU 91/2002. Chapter I is related to EIA for plans and programs like territorial planning, water management, etc. According to Art 72 of EU 91/2002 the procedure of EIA the report content and the conditions to give the environment consent for plans and programs including those with transboundary effects are established by means of GD on the base of a proposal made by the environmental public central authority. The competent authorities for giving the environmental consent for plans and programs are central and local environmental authorities (Art 74 from EU 91/2002).

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In order to obtain the environment authorization the title holders with existing activities that do not comply with the environmental quality legal requirements are required to have an environmental audit according to the decision made by the environmental competent authority (Art 8, EU 91/2002). Some existing and new industrial installations are to receive environment integrated authorization by taking into consideration the appliance of BAT avoiding excessive costs (Art 8, EU 91/2002). The environmental consents, permits and authorizations are revised and updated by the environment competent authorities. The consents and permits are valid two years, and the authorizations - five years at most, if no modifications had been occurred (Art. 9, EU 91/2002). Title holders have the obligation to inform the local environmental public authorities about the self-monitoring results, or about the accidents or dangerous situations. For projects that might have transboundary effects the provisions of Espoo Convention regarding EIA in the transboundary context are to be applied (the Convention has been ratified by Law 22/2001) Article 12 from EU 91/2002 says the environmental protection authority with the other central and local public administration will assure the public information about the project and public participation to the decision making process and the access to the Court with the environmental problems. Public consultation is obligatory when the consents and authorizations are to be given (Art 12, EU 91/2002). Title holders are obliged to use mass media to inform the public about the projects subjected to receive environmental consents/permits or authorizations (Art 12, EU 91/2002). The EIA and the environment audits are prepared by legal or natural persons that are certified by the central environmental public authorities. These persons work independently and the expenses are supported by the title holders. Article 15 of EU 91/2002 says that the title holders are obliged to proceed with the environmental audit whenever the activity having impact on environment is changed, stopped or the respective company is sold, divided, or modified is one way; the environmental audit is necessary to establish the obligations and costs of environment recovery in the zone where the respective activity has been installed. On the base of environmental audit and proposal of the compliance program the competent environmental authority gives the environmental consent. GD 918/2002 and MO 860/2002 According to Art 3 of GD 918/2002, EIA is elaborated in the preparing stage of the documentation that are to be the base of the feasibility study of the project. With the EIA the measures to be taken for impact reduction, or for prevention of negative effects are established. The procedure for giving the environment consent is coordinated by the competent environmental authority (MWEP, or EPI) with the participation of central and local public authority representatives which have responsibilities in the environmental domain. They form a team nominated by an Order signed by the head of environmental central public authority and signed by the president of the County Council or Prefect at the local level.

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The projects will be analyzed by the competent environmental authorities on the base of the Report of Project Presentation, comprising: placement description and project characteristics, including the description of the activity installed by the project implementation. After that the competent authority forwards to the title holder the guidance on the environmental issues and how deeply would be treated with the assessment.

All title holders of projects subjected to EIA have the obligation to give information regarding (Annex 4, GD 918/2002). 1. Project description 2. Presentation of the versions taken into consideration and the main reasons for final chosen version. 3. Description of the environmental issues which will be probably significantly affected by the project implementation. This description will be referred to direct or indirect effects, secondary, cumulative effects on short, medium and long term, permanently or temporary, positive and negative. The description will also refer to the natural resource use, pollutant emissions, waste produced and the methodology of effect prediction. 4. Description of measures for prevention, reduction and compensation of the significant effects on environment. 5. Difficulties met by the title holder. 6. Non technical summary of EIA. Annexes 1 and 2 of GD 918/2002 comprise the lists of the projects that needs EIA and projects that have to be judged whether EIA is necessary, respectively. The selection criteria to establish this things are included in the Annex 3. They are related to the type of project (size, risk of accidents, pollutant emissions, etc.), project location (parks, natural preserves, coastal zones, protected zones, historical sites, etc.) and the potential impact. The hydraulic structures which are subjected to the proposed project, namely dams, impoundment reservoirs at least, with the capacity of 10 million cu.m, are included in Annex 1 and the project as dams, impoundment reservoirs with capacity less than 10 million cu.m, hydropower plants and the water management projects for agricultural sector (e.g. irrigation, water drainage, etc.), in Annex 2. With the last legal acts, a special attention is given to the public information and public participation in the decision making process (e.g. Art 12, Art 13 and Art 14 of GD 918/2002). According to the new provisions the public must be known with all applications for environmental consent for the projects that are to be subjected to EIA in a due time. The modalities of public informing and participation are established by the competent environmental authorities. The possible affected public will be identified. The place where the information might be found and the way of presenting these information are specified: e.g. publication in newspapers, posters, leaflets, exhibitions, radio, TV, etc. The way of dealing with public consultation (e.g. written information, public debates,

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etc.), as well as the time intervals allocated for each stage in the established. procedure are also The project impacts in the transboundary context are to be known by all available each party by giving information by means of the central environmental neighboring (Art 13). authority The methodology of the framework procedure of the EIA and for consent giving the environment is regulated by the MO 860/2002 on the base of the Art 918/2002. 18, alin. (1) in GD According to the provisions of MO 860/2002 the environmental consent, environmental or the integrated consent are given by the central or local public environmental as authorities they are specified in Annexes I.1. and 1.2. (Art 4). The central delegate authorities could the local authorities to solve some stages of authorization procedures. According to the classification of the social and economic activities given in Section 3 MO 860/2002 there are: of a) activities with insignificant impact of the environment (e.g. households not located in the zones with special protection regime); b) activities (installation with reduced impact on environment (some 1.2.); of Annex c) activities (installations with significant impact on environment (Annex 1.1 and some from Annex I.2). The activities nominated in the Annex mentioned above are further classified to the approval according competence requirements and according to the necessary approval acts, namely regulation Environmental Consent or Integrated Environmental Consent. Consequently, the dams and the impoundment reservoirs with the capacity of 10 million cu.m are minimum to be consented by the environmental central authorities, with "Environmental Consent". the The hydropower plants are considered investments with potential significant impact of environment and has to receive the environmental consent from the local environmental authorities. Annex II 1 of MO 860/2002 comprises the guidance of the content of the technical necessary to report get the environment consent, or integrated environment consent. Annexes of the above The other mentioned MO are models of all necessary forms to be completed: * Minute on the Placement Checking (Annex II. 3) * Public Announcement Format * Environmental Consent Format / Environmental Integrated Consent (Annex III) Format * Format of registering the public observations regarding EIA (Annex IV. 1) * Format for public proposal evaluation (Annex IV. 2) Finally, in the Annex IV. 3 the logical scheme of procedure of EIA and of giving the environmental consent is presented. This scheme comprises the stages to be approached

68 Volume II: Flood and Landslides Risk Reduction Component in the process of EIA. The detailed guidelines on each stage approaching in the EIA process are presented in MO 863/2002, namely: * project classification (Annex 1 in MO 863/2002) * defining the assessment domain and the achievement of the Report on EIA (Annex 2 in MO 863/2002) * analyzing the quality of the Report on EIA Each methodological guideline comprises lists of questions to be answered in order to get all the necessary information to formulate conclusions related to the environmental impact of the project under discussions. All these aspects have been taken into consideration in the project proposed. After the implementation of the project under discussion the authorization procedure will follow the provisions of MO 184/1997 - regarding the environmental audit/balance and MO 756/1997 - regarding the evaluation of the environment pollution.

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Environmental Impacts

The component B.2 supports sub-projects that are distributed virtually all over Romanian territory. In total 13 tributary rivers of the Danube are affected by the assessed projects.

Out of the 17 sub-projects, 15 are either refurbishment measures at existing hydraulic structures which will undergo repair and refurbishment to re-establish risk levels for flood damages and dam failure which are below internationally acceptable thresholds and to assure the future function of existing of water supply for domestic and industrial use and for irrigation purposes (11 projects) or additional flood protection measures at rivers which have already been equipped with flood protection structures in the past (4 projects). Environmental impacts of these refurbishment projects will be limited to the construction phase. In addition, their implementation will not change water quality and quantity or the hydrographic characteristics of flood events compared to an operation at the nominal design values of the respective hydraulic structures.

Only in the cases of the sub-projects No. 3 (Cibin) and 10 (Teleorman-Cotmeana-Vedea- Vedita), new dikes will be introduced at tributaries where so far no flood protection works have been done.

Since in both sub-projects the river flow path will not undergo changes and the new hydraulic structures will not influence the water flow during normal conditions, these two sub-projects will only result in a very little increase in peak flood levels downstream of the project sites.

Neither project No. 3 nor project No. 10 will change water quality or water quantity of the respective river system.

In all assessed projects the present layout of the riverbeds downstream of the new hydraulic structures will be maintained after implementation. The proposed works will not modify the natural alluvia transport. Also, the projected works will not have a negative effect on the present status of the surface or underground waters and will bear no negative influence on the human-use facilities in the affected areas.

The proposed measures in all sub-projects are repair and construction works at existing hydraulic structures and in a few cases construction works for the erection of new structures.

The environmental impacts of the proposed works are temporary and site specific (including the sites of borrow pits). In the following paragraphs a summary of construction impacts and mitigation measures is given.

AIR

The environmental impacts to the ambient air quality will mainly be caused by building works in the construction phase. These are typically noise and dust from earthworks (e.g.

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works in borrow pits and at the project sites) and from material transport. Most of the above mentioned works can be characterized as heavy construction operations, which have been assessed by the US Environmental Protection Agency. According to Chapter 13 of the Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42, Fifth Edition, Volume I: Stationary Point and Area Sources) the approximate emission factors for dust from construction activity operations are 2.69 megagrams (Mg)/hectare/month of activity.

Dust emissions might arise as long as borrow pits and earthfill dikes are uncovered during dry and windy periods. Typically, fugitive dust emissions will only happen at wind speeds above 20 km/h and at days with an average precipitation of less than 1/100 inches.

The suggested control measures are wet suppression and wind speed reduction. Because of the limited duration of construction works no permanent access roads will be built which would have to be paved otherwise to control dust emissions.

NOISE

Raised noise levels because of earth works and materials transport will be limited to the working hours of the construction period to the time from 7:30 a.m. to 7:30 p.m. Noise levels can be controlled trough mufflers and a restriction of working hours to daytime, especially at project sites which are close to residential areas.

WATER

A possible environmental impact on water bodies adjacent to the construction sites is pollution from wastewater discharge. This impact can be controlled by wastewater collection and controlled disposal.

WASTE

All solid and liquid wastes will have to be collected during construction. Romania is currently in the process of harmonizing its environmental legislation with EU directives and EU Council decisions. In its latest report (status mid 2002) on this issue the EU came to the conclusion that the best process has been made, among others, with respect to waste management legislation. Please refer to Appendix 5 for the current status of EU harmonization of Romanian legislation within the Environmental Acquis. The physical status of disposal sites like landfills and incineration sites however could no be changed in the same time since this requires major investments. Until August 2003 the EC expects a listing from the Romanian Government, which will show which landfills do already confirm with EU standards and which will have to be improved. The contractors for the proposed works within this component of the RO-HRMEP will be required to dispose

71 Voltune II: Flood and Landslides Risk Reduction Component any hazardous waste that might arise in the course of project implementation in a way that confirms with EU standards, i.e. at waste disposal sites or in waste incineration facilities that confirm with EU standards. If this is not possible at this time the wastes will have to be placed in temporary storages and disposed when disposal facilities that confirm with EU standards are available.

FAUNA AND FLORA

Vegetation will be affected at borrow pits when the vegetation is removed to open a pit and where vegetation is to be removed at the building sites of dikes. Neither project sites nor borrow pits will be located in sensitive or protected areas. This has been confirmed by the Ministry of the Environment (please refer to Appendix 6). Moreover, no supplementary list of critical natural habitats as specified in OP 4.04, Annex A, par. 1 (b) exists. Please refer to Appendix 7 for the confirmation by ECSSD (World Bank Office Romania).

Vegetation will be replanted according to the initial status before the start of excavation or construction works.

SOIL

The earth works as proposed in the sub-projects will cause minor soil loss at the project sites and local soil degradation at borrow pits.

HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL ASSETS

There are no presently known historical or cultural assets at the construction sites. This has been confirmed by the Ministry of the Culture (please refer to Appendix 6). In case of uneApected discoveries works will be stopped and the responsible authorities will be informed to allow preservation.

POPULATION

None of the projects within the whole component B.2 involves resettlement of people. All the land which is required to build the new structures is already owned by the Romanian state. The only possible impacts on the local population other than dust and noise from construction works will be caused by temporary service disruptions (e.g. water or power supply) or traffic distortions because of temporarily blocked access roads because of construction works.

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SOCIAL IMPACT

The majority of projects chosen are located in areas that range below the Romanian average in terms of income and employment situation. Most of the projects chosen will have a strong positive social impact by considerably improving the situation of the people living in the project area, while negative impacts due to the project implementation remain minimal. Project implementation is expected to reduce the danger of floods and increase the amount of water available for households and the economy. This is expected to raise the attractiveness of the areas also for new investors.

As a precondition for the projects the Romanian Authorities have guaranteed that none of the projects leads to involuntary resettlement of persons including the relocation of buildings and that no private land will have to be acquired by the Romanian Authorities in the course of project implementation, as defined under OP 4.12. The land needed for the construction of new works is all owned by the Romanian state.

CONCLUSION ON ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS

No major adverse environmental impacts have been identified. All minor adverse environmental impacts are limited to the construction period of the respective projects. For these impacts an appropriate mitigation measures have been designed (please refer to section 0). The mitigation measures will become part of the tender documents for the proposed works and will finally be included in the construction contracts. Please also refer to Appendix 8 which contains a summary of standard environmental contract conditions in Romania.

The assessed sub-projects do meet all the requirements given by the World Bank and by Romania.

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Mitigation Plan

Phase Issue Mitigating Measure Implementation Supervision of (all referenced Romanian legislation has been enacted in the Cost Implementation course of EU harmonization, please refer to Appendix 5 for the status as of 07/2003) Construction Noise - Restrict working hours to the time from 7:30 am to 7:30 Contractor P1U Environmental pm. In the vincinity of domestic areas the maximum Expert allowed immision noise level is 55 dB(A) at daytime (07:00- 22:00) and 45dB(A) at nigh time (PPH 98 General Environmental Guidelines) or less if Romanian requirements (e.g. on the determination of the base noise level) are more stringent) - Require mufflers on equipment according to Law No 608/2001 and GD 21/2001 (product conformity) and other applicable Romanian legislation - Provide information to public Pollutant emissions - Require construction machinery and transport vehicles that Contractor PIU Environmental from internal comply with GD 743/2002 (approval procedure for non- Expert combustion engines road mobile machinery including emission standards) and other applicable Romanian legislation Dust - Controlled excavation Contractor PIU Environmental - Cover haul trucks carrying fill material Expert - Wash tires and water access roads and open pits during dry periods - Immission limits according to MO 592/2002 (ambient air quality, including PMO and PM2,5 thresholds) have to be kept

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Phase Issue Mitigating Measure Implementation Supervision of (all referenced Romanian legislation has been enacted in the Cost Implementation course of EU harmonization, please refer to Appendix 5 for the .______status as of 07/2003) Construction Damage to vegetation - Survey site and provide protection to trees and important Contractor PIU Environmental vegetation Expert - Limit construction disturbance where possible - Re-plantation with removed species - Siting of project sites and borrow pits according to Law 462/2001 (status of natural protected area, natural habitats and species of wild flora and fauna conservation) ), and other applicable Romanian legslation Pollution from - Collection, pumping transport and disposal Contractor PIU Environmental discharge of untreated - Provide parallel service where needed Expert wastewater from work - All measures that have to be taken according to GD preparation site 188/2002 and GD 118/2002 (discharge of waste water and dangerous substances into aquatic bodies), and other applicable Romanian legislation Excavated material - As much as possible reuse on site Contractor PLU Environmental handling and soil loss - Dispose of excess property controlled excavation Expert to adjacent water - Pumping to control groundwater intrusion body, and - Control of runoff sedimentation; - Controlled disposal of all arising solid and liquid wastes Construction waste Disposal is to be done according to Ministerial Order disposal (MO) No. 867/2002 (disposal on landfills), Government Decision (GD) 128/2002 and MO No. 867/2002 (waste incineration), GD 856/2002 (hazardous waste) and other applicable Romanian legislation . Insofar the currently available disposal sites or incineration plants in the vicinity of the project site do not comply to EU standards for the waste types to be disposed, the arising wastes and waste waters have to be stored temporarily and transported to a EU-compliant disposal site at the earliest opportumity.

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Phase Issue Mitigating Measure Implementation Supervision of (all referenced Romanian legislation has been enacted in the Cost Implementation course of EU harmonization, please refer to Appendix 5 for the status as of 07/2003) Construction Service disruption - Provide information to utilities and the public Contractor PIU Environmental (e.g. water supply, - Co-ordinate with local service providers Expert power supply etc.) - Provide parallel service where needed Blocked access to - Provide information to public Contractor PIU Environmental adjacent properties - Provide temporary access Expert Security, health and - Provide traffic management plan and signage where Contractor PIU Environmental safety of workers and needed Expert the public - Require fencing and watchmen - Warning signs - Use correct procedures and personal protective equipment - Development and implementation of a safety and health plan according to Article 3 of the EU Council Directive 92/57/EEC for each project site Pollution to water - Prohibit discharge or disposal of any construction material Contractor PlU Environmental bodies into water according to GD 188/2002 and GD 118/2002 Expert (discharge of waste water and dangerous substances into aquatic bodies), Law No. 458/2002, GD 100/2002 and MO 377/2001 (quality of water for human consumption and quality of surface waters for drinking water supply), GD 201/2002 and 202/2002 (surface water quality to protect fish life), and other applicable Romanian legislation Cultural and historical - Stopping the work and investigation by the responsible Contractor PIU Environmental assets (if met during authority Expert excavation works) Operation N/A N/A N/A N/A Table 1: Mitigation Plan

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Monitoring plan

State of works (erection) N/A N/A Daily To allow timing Contractor Contractor Contractor of mitigation measures Structural status of N/A N/A once per six month To check the Contractor Contractor Contractor refurbished dam or dike hydraulic structure stability Spillage where At the place of Visual When required N/A Contractor Contractor Contractor applicable the accident Noise immission levels At the project Sound level Daily To check the Contractor Contractor Contractor site border and detector compliance with at the closest the Standards neighboring 6156/86 property_

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Phase What parameter is to be Where How When Why Cost Responsibility Reporting to monitored? is the parameter is the is the parameter is the parameter EMO to be parameter to to be monitored? to be monitored monitored? be Frequency of (optional)? monitored? measurement or continuous? TSP and PM 10 At the closest Romanian At least once after To check the Contractor Contractor Contractor immission or deposition neighboring imission start of compliance with property measuring construction works Law No downwind of the standard for (immission 608/2001 and project site PM deposition concentrations) or GD 21/2001 or equivalent monthly international (deposition) standard River discharge Upstream and Calibrated Daily Monitoring of Covered under EPI Environmental downstream of water gauge Hourly during downstream normal budget of Expert of new hydraulic flood events effects on water Apele Romane or Apele Romane structures levels SNIF, or SNIF, respectively respectively Changes in river course Downstream of Visual 1 x before start of To monitor the Covered under EPI Environmental and river bed new hydraulic assessment + works change from the normal budget of Expert of structures Photo annually after natural pattern of Apele Romane or Apele Romane documentatio finalization of flooding SNIF, or SNIF, n works respectively respectively Operate Demographic changes in Floodplains and Assessment of Before start of To monitor the Covered under EPI Environmental the floodplain watershed areas available works demographic normal budget of Expert of downstream of demographic Annually after impact of new Apele Romane or Apele Romane new hydraulic data finalization of structures SNIF, or SNIF, structures works respectively respectively

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Table 2: Monitoring Plan

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Institutional Strengthening

Collection of Data: Monitoring data will be collected by the local Environmental Protection Inspection (EPI). The collected data will be transferred to the Project Directorate of PIU with monthly reports prepared by those.

Reporting: The report with monitoring data will be prepared by PIU environment specialist and forwarded to the PIU Directorate quarterly. However, in case of noticing any unusual situation, the report will be sent to the Directorate of PIU for immediate action to take measures. The format for the quarterly reports shall be prepared by the environmental specialist of PIIJ in order to provide comparable and compatible monitoring data from different retrofitting sites.

Decisions: The decisions in relation to the modification of the mitigation measures, informing the relevant authorities, etc. are taken by the PIU.

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Public Consultations

The people and NGOs who are affected by the assessed sub-projects have been consulted for only six of the proposed sub-projects in the past. No objections have been raised according to Romanian authorities, but no minutes of public meetings are available.

Therefore it has been decided that a second round of public consultations is required, this time covering all projects. These meetings have been conducted in May and June 2003. Prior to the meetings available environmental information from the draft EMP (i.e. a summary of the EMP report and of the relevant project specific appendices in Romanian language) has been disclosed at publicly accessible places (libraries, city halls etc.) and the interested inhabitants and NGOs of the area have been invited to the meetings through advertisements in the local press and through local radio broadcasts. No objections have been raised against any of the projects during these meetings. The minutes of the meetings have been attached to the EMP report in Appendix 1.

Table 3 on the next page shows the status of public consultations (dates and places of public meetings and dates when the respective minutes became available).

During all public meetings no objections have been raised against any sub-project.

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Romania Hazard Risk Mitigation and Emergency Preparedness Project Component B.2 Flood Risk Mitigation Table: Public Consultations- Minutes

Project Public Location/ Newspapers/Date Consultation No. Date (D/MNY, Water Direction (D.A.) Submitted by the local authority hour) Minute no. Date (DIMNY) 1 TARNA 31.05.2003, 10:00 Town Hall Tama Mare Adevarul/24.05.2003 locality, Satu Mare county 1378131.05.2003 D.A. SOMES - TISA Informatia Zilei/20.05.03 21.05.03 2 TARNAVA 31.05.2003, Town Hall Jidvel commune, Adevarul/1 7.05.03 11:00 Alba county 285/31.05.2003 D.A. MURES Unirea/17.05.03 14.05.03 3 CIBIN 09.06.2003, 11:00 Town Hall Sibiu city, Sibiu Adevarul/17.05.03 county 54260/09.06.2003 D.A. OLT Tribuna Sibiului/17.05.03 19.05.03 4 BEGA 05.06.2003,12.00 Town Hall Balint, Timis Ziua/17.05.03 county 967/05.06.2003 D.A. BANAT Renasterea Baneteana/17.05.03 6 BABADAG 07.06.2003 11:00 Babadag Townhall, Tulcea Adevarul / 23.05.2003 116107.06.2003 county Delta / 23.05.2003 D.A.DOBROGEA-LITORAL 7 VALSAN 06.06.2003 14:30 Musetesti Townhall, Arges Romania Libera / 24.05.2003 county Observator / 15.03.2003 D.A. ARGES - VEDEA 8 PRUT 05.06.2003,11:00 Town Hall Galaiesti, lasi Romania Libera/17.05.03 county 1810/05.06.2003 D.A. PRUT Monitorul de lasi/15.05.03 15.05.03 9 TELEORMAN- 04.06.2003,14:30 SGA Teleorman, Alexandria Romania Libera/24.05.03 COTMEANA- city, Teleorman county VEDEA-VEDITA 05.06.2003,14:30 Town Hall Colonesti, Olt Teleormanul/17.05.03 county 6368/04.06.2003 D.A. ARGES -VEDEA Olt press/1 7.05.03 517/05.06.2003 15.05.2003 SGA Teleorman 19.05.2003 Colonesti 10 BENTU 24.05.2003, 10:00 Commune Stelnica, Adevarul #4004 /14.05.2003 lalomita County - townhall NN/24.05.2003 Tribuna lalomitei #1541/13.05.2003

11 BORDUSANI 07.06.2003 Commune Bordusani, Adevarul #4004 /14.05.2003 lalomita County - townhall NN / 07.06.2003 Tribuna lalomitei #1541/13.05.2003 12 FACAIENI 31.05.2003 Commune Facaeni, Adevarul #4004/14.05.2003 lalomita county - townhall NN / 31.05.2003 Tribuna lalomitei #1541/13.05.2003

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Romania Hazard Risk Mitigation and Emergency Preparedness Project Component B.2 Flood Risk Mitigation Table: Public Consultations- Minutes

Public Location/ Newspapers/Date Consultation No. Project Date (DIM/Y, Water Direction (D.A.) Submitted by the local authority Project hour) Minute no. Date (D/MlY) 13 BERDU 14.06.2003, 10:00 The Center for the olders Adevarul/24.05.2003 1751/14.06.2003 persons in Baia Mare Graiul Maramuresului/21.05.03 D.A. SOMES -TISA 14 VARSOLT 07.06.2003, 10:00 Town Hall Varsolt locality, Adevarul/24.05.2003 Satu Mare county Jurnalul Salajului/20.05.03 1172/07.06.2003 D.A. SOMES - TISA 20.05.03 15 MANECIU 07.06.2003, 11:00 Town Hall Maneciu, Romania Libera/17.05.03 Prahova county Prahova/1 7.05.03 4255/07.06.2003 D.A. IALOMITA- BUZAU 13.05.03 16 LESU 07.06.2003 10:00 Bulz Commune Hall, Bihor Adevarul / 17.05.2003 918/07.06.2003 county Crisana / 17.05.2003 D.A. CRISURI 17 DRIDU 07.06.2003, 11:00 Town Hall Dridu, lalomita Romania Libera/17.05.03 county Gazeta de Sud-Est/16.05.03 756/07.06.2003 D.A. IALOMITA- BUZAU 13.05.03 18 POIANA UZULUI 05.06.2003, 10:00 Town Hall Darmanesti Romania Libera/16.05.03 locality, Bacau county Desteptarea/1 5-16/05.03 3686/05.06.2003 D.A. SIRET 15.05.03 19 VALEA DE 04.06.2003, 10:00 Petrosani Townhall, Adevarul / 17.05.2003 PESTI 943/04.06.2003 Hunedoara county Matinal / 17.05.2003 D.A. JIU 20 SIRIU 14.06.2003 Siriu Townhall, Buzau Romania Libera / 17.05.2003 1893/14.06.2003 county Opinia / 17-18.05.2003 D.A. IALOMITA - BUZAU 21 SANMIHAIUL 03.06.2003,12:00 Town Hall Sanmihaiul Ziua/17.05.03 ROMAN Roman, Timis county Renasterea Banateana/17.05.03 1414/03.06.2003 D.A. BANAT 17.05.03 22 PUCIOASA 14.06.2003, 11:00 Pucioasa Townhall, Romania Libera / 17.05.2003 7604/14.06.2003 Dambovita county Dambovita / 17.05.2003 D.A. IALOMITA-BUZAU 23 CATAMARASTI 05.06.2003, 11:00 Town Hall Mihai Eminescu Romania Libera/17.05.03 2618/05.06.03 commune, Botosani county Monitorul de Botosani/15.05.03 D.A. PRUT 15.05.03 24 TARIA 10.06.2003,12:00 Town Hall Bozovici, Caras- Ziua/17.05.03 Severin county 2226/11.06.2003 D.A. BANAT Timpul/17.05.03 25 BUFTEA 10.06.2003,14:30 Buftea Townhall, llfov Romania Libera / 21.05.2003 5297/10.06.2003 county National / 21.05.2003 D.A. ARGES - VEDEA

Table 3: Public consultations status matrix

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GOVERNMENT OF ROMANIA

HAZARDS RISK MITIGATION AND EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS PROJECT

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

Volume III

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL GUIDELINES

Risk Reduction of Mining Accidents in the Tisza Basin Component

Hazard Prevention and Remediation Interventions

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ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLANAND ENVIRONMENTAL GUIDELINES

I. Introduction

The purpose of this Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is to comply with World Bank OP4.01 on Environmental Assessment and to comply with the requirements of the Romanian Environmental Protection Law (EPL) 137/1995. This EMP focuses on the proposed physical interventions under the Risk Reduction of Mining Accidents in the Tisza Basin Component of the Hazards Risk Mitigation and Emergency Preparedness Project.

II. GeneralComponent Overview

The objective of the Risk Reduction of Mining Accidents in the Tisza Basin Component is to reduce the risk of water and soil contamination, and loss of human and aquatic life from catastrophic mining accidental spills of pollutants. It will also demonstrate and provide for replication for the reduction of accidental mining transboundary pollution loads flowing into the Danube and Black Sea basins. In support of the above-mentioned objectives, this component will assist in the implementation of mitigation and hazard prevention activities. Two high- priority sites have been identified for hazard prevention interventions during the initial phase of the project: Rosia Poieni and Baia Borsa mines. Additional mine sites are expected to be identified during project implementation. A key indicator of the component's success is the gradual reduction in the number and impacts of mining accidental spills of pollutants into the Tisza Basin.

Implementation of the proposed component will results in the gradual reduction in the number and impacts of mining accidental spills of pollutants into the Tisza Basin through: (i) the establishment of a baseline and environmental monitoring system to monitor mining related impacts on streams and aquatic ecosystems and soil; (ii) the identification of best practices and implementing efficient and cost-effective prevention and remediation measures in high-priority hot spots in the Tisza basin, aiming at improving the safety and management of tailings dams and waste facilities; (iii) the development of environmental and engineering guidelines for tailings dams and waste facilities; (iv) the strengthening of regional mine spill disaster response system; and (v) the promotion and support of transboundary cooperation on integrated water resources management for the Tisza basin.

The following sections provide background information of the main hazards and risks faced by the high-priority hot stops in the Tisza Basin, namely Rosia Poieni and Baia Borsa Mines; and describe the environmental management plan associated with the implementation of efficient and cost-effective hazard prevention and remediation measures.

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III. BACKGROUND OF EACH SELECTED MINE

A. TAILINGS DAMS FACILITIES AND WASTE FACILITIES ASSOCIATED WITH THE ROSIA POIENI MINE

The mine is located in the south part of Aries valley in the Apuseni Mountains, at a distance of 6 km from the nearest town. It is the largest copper open-pit operation in Romania, the total area occupied being 40 km3. The mine operation involves the Rosia Poieni open-pit, a processing plant, three waste dumps and three tailings dams facilities (TDFs), out of which two (Valea Sesei and Valea Stefancei 2) are operational. Extraction of ore containing chalkopyrite and ancillary sulphide mineralization started in the 1970s. Ore recovery is accomplished by drill and blast quarrying of low grade disseminated and vein minerals, involving high tonnage with low grade.

The main river within the area is the Aries river at 3 km from the mine site. The relief in the area consists mainly of mountains and valleys. Although the natural slopes are generally moderately steep and stable, some signs of recent mass movements could be observed. The principal land use is forest and pastures.

The mining waste is disposed of on three waste dumps, two of which are located upstream of Valea Sesei operational tailings lagoon. The waste dumps associated with the mining operations store a total of 130 million tons. According to the opinion of the management of the mining company and of independent experts, the Valea Cuibarului waste dump and the Valea Sesei TDF raise the most serious environmental problems.

Valea Cuibarului waste dump constitutes the largest waste dump by height and volume of the Rosia Poieni Mine, the total height of the dump being estimated to 250-300 m. The nearest habitation is 200-250 m from the toe of the dump. It is an active dump for low grade ores and sterile rock from the mine, which are tipped down a natural slope , merging into a valley sloping towards the Valea Sesei TDF . The waste rock is deposited from lorries and no compaction or deposition in incremental benches is implemented. As a result of the construction method the dump presents potential for geotechnical instability and difficulties in controlling contaminated leachate and run-off.

The sulphide bearing minerals are under favourable oxidising conditions to generate ARD. As a consequence of not creating separate waste dumps for steriles and low grade ore, as well as the abundant precipitation, the combined tip is generating large amounts of ARD. An additional problem was created by the uncontrolled natural bacterial leaching process spontaneously started within the dump. This contributes to increasing production of ARD and accelerates the weathering process within the dump, degrading the material and decreasing it's geomechanical strength properties.

There is a risk that a failure of the dump may occur, especially in seasons with high precipitation and additional infiltration of the ground due to melting snow. The impact could be devastating if the slipped mass reaches the TDF. The dump produces large amounts of acidic rock drainage (ARD), the annual average runoff is estimated to about 85 1/s. The ARD from the dump is

87 Volume Im: Risk Reduction of Mining Accidents in the Tisza Basin Component directly discharged into a stream emerging at the toe of the dump which reaches the Valea Sesei TDF after about 1.5-2.0 km.

According to the data provided by the local environmental authorities, the chemical composition of the stream downstream the dump shows pH values between 1.4-2..5 (highly acidic). The values for TSS, dissolved solids and the heavy metal content exceed by far the limits set out by the standards, which demonstrates the high potential for soil and water contamination.

Valea Sesei is a valley type upstream TDF with a designed capacity of 110 million tons, which currently stores 30 million t of fine grained tailings. The present dam height is 76 m, the final level will be approximately 110 m high. It covers an area of approximately 300 ha and its circumference is about 14 km.

The materials used for dam construction is limestone rockfill quarried from nearby deposits. Originally three inverse decantation systems were installed, but currently only one is still operational, the other two having been blocked. The TDF does not have a diversion drainage system for surface runoff, thus all surface drainage from the catchment area is collected in the TDF and discharged through the decant system.

Process tailings with a pH of around 10.5 are discharged close to the containment wall. Acidic water with a high content of heavy metals that enters the pond should theoretically neutralize, but due to the large surface of the TDF and its irregular shape flows directly into the decant facilities and subsequently is released into the environment.

A failure of the upstream waste dump (Valea Cuibarului) could trigger large, rapid mass movements, especially in seasons with high precipitation and melting snow. Such a slipped mass may reach the TDF causing overtopping of the embankment dam and displacement of acidic water which would cause a large soil and groundwater contamination, entailing serious environmental damages to nearby localities. The measurements carried out for the Aries River, downstream of wastewater discharge points show values exceeding standards for heavy metals, TSS and pH. This poses a serious problem, as the river is the only drinkable water source for many localities in the region.

The components of the mining operation, which have been assigned a particularly high risk during the project identification phase are listed in the table below.

Element Identifled Risk/Hazard and Proposed Remediation Measure(s) Valea Cuibarului Waste Dump Generation of high amounts of ARD, leaching heavy metals from the waste rock and low grade ore, geotechnically weakening the rock fabric and having a negative impact on the downstream TDF Valea Sesei. Proposed remediation measure: Inhibition of ARD Generation. The alternatives for inhibiting ARD generation are: (i) upstream inhibition at the waste dump (best by avoiding rain and melt-water infiltration of the waste dump by surface sealing and drainage management); (ii) downstream treatment or mitigation measures (e. g. by

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neutralization with limestone slurry, neutralization with alkali tailings).

Geotechnical failure of waste dump debris flows due to heavy precipitation, damage of property, livestock and human lives downstream. Triggering of flood-waves in downstream TDF Valea Sesei. Proposed remediation measure: Waste dump stabilization measures, which include avoiding rain and melt- water infiltration of the waste dump by surface sealing and drainage management, constructive measures to decrease the overall slope angle, improve compaction of the materials and introduce berms. Special, localized measures can encompass retaining walls, pileworks or geotextiles/geogrids) to stabilize particularly hazardous areas. Valea Sesei TDF Depletion of dam rockfill material (limestone) and subrosion of limestone dam base and abutments by ARD, increase of seepage and loss of fines through and under the dam body, geotechnical destabilization. Proposed remediation measure: Dam stabilization measures which include drainage borings, injections into the dam body, the tailings in front of the dam and the dam base/abutments. Before such works extensive hydraulic studies must determine the extent and exact localization of the major ARD flowpaths. Valea Sesei and Valea Blockage or collapse of decantation system. Proposed Stefancei No. 2 TDFs remediation measure: Upgrading or contingency system, e. g. with HDPE (high density polyethylene) pipes along the current TDF boundary, thus bypassing damaged systems Valea Stefancei No. 1 TDF Blockage of spillway, erosion of dam crest/body and subsequent loss of tailings by overspill. Proposed remediation measure: Upgrading of spillway by widening the cross section, installing flood protection grids, drift wood sorters or I similar and repairing intake and outflow structures.

B. TAILINGS DAMS FACILITIES ASSOCIATED WITH THE BAIA BORSA MINE

The Baia Borsa mine for non ferrous metals (Copper, Zinc and Lead) is located near Borsa township in Maramures County. Ore is transported from the typically underground mines to the processing plant by truck (where the mine is at a remote location) or by underground railcar to a more proximal plant. The mine has a combined production of approximately 0.4 million tons per year. The mine is state-owned and in the last three years has had a reduction of capacity from 1.1 million tons to 0.44 million tons. This was due to mine closure of uneconomical parts of the mine complex. Six mines and a processing plant were shut down in 1997. The remaining mine complex produces lead/zinc concentrate and copper concentrate. The equipment used is said to be 40 years old. The processing plants have utilized a total of five tailing deposit facilities (TDF). Three of these, known as Dl, D2 and D3 are disused, two were shut down in 1997.Two dams (DI and D3) have been repaired, the third has not.

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The currently active tailings lagoon is known as Novat Pond. Another valley type dam, Colbu I and II (a combination structure) is used as a stand by and contingency facility. Novat dam had a major failure in 10 March 2000, whilst Colbu II failed in May 1997. Novat was said to be one of only two closed circuit dams in Romania, where all the discharge water is being recycled. An emergency decant facility for high inflow was not present, the consequences of which have been catastrophic: A 2.5 meter snow cover and a 5 hour period of heavy rainfall led to an uncontrolled rise of the water level in the TDF. The resultant overspill caused the dam structure to totally fail. There were no sufficient contingency measures or emergency plans to cope with these conditions. More than a third of the wall washed out, destroying a second dam downstream and severely damaging a third, which was a collection dam for uncontrolled discharge.

The main river within the area is Cisla river. The relief in the area is mainly mountains and valleys. The natural slopes are steep to moderately steep and stable. The main land use within 1 km of the Novat TDF is forest (90%). The geological hazards in the area are negligible, with a low degree of seismicity.

The ecosystems present in the area are specific for mountains areas. The region has high importance (local and regional) for protection of rare/endangered species, protected areas and biodiversity and habitat preservation.

Novat Pond commenced operation in 1994. It's design capacity lies at 25 million tons of tailings with an annual deposition rate of around 1.6 million t. With currently around 9 million tons of stored tailings it's forecast operational life will cover another 10 years. Tailings are fed into the TDF via a 7 km long tunnel from the processing plant in Baia Borsa. The designed transport capacity is 500-600 tons/hour. The process water is completely recycled and reintroduced via a pumping station adjacent to the pond. Besides the main embankment dam, three more minor dam structures exist: an upstream diversion dam to divert surface drainage water from the Novat river into a bypass gallery and two seepage collection dams downstream the TDF. Access to the pond is very difficult.

The crest of the embankment dam is situated at about 805 m above sea level, it's current height abut 30 meters. Design foresees the embankment to be lifted by another 40 meters increasing the final height to about 70 meters. The total freeboard is estimated to 2.5-3.0 m of which about 2.0 m are embankment freeboard. The construction method of the damn alternates between upstream tailings discharge by single or multiple spigots and downstream construction with hydrocyclones for lifting the dam. The nearby geological environment of the dam consists of highly sheared and fractured dark, possibly graphitic phyllites.

No hydrogeological or technical monitoring equipment (inclinometers, standpipes) are installed at the embankment.

At the bottom of the embankment dam strong seepage and flowing discharge could be observed in the area of the repaired breach. The discharged water is distinctly acidic, causing deposition of reddish-ochre iron-oxi/hydroxides in the riverbed over several 100 m downstream it's course. At the discharge points at the dam base build-up of ferrous crusts occurs. The exfiltration waters deriving from the Novat Pond form a small river (flow rate estimated to 30-50 I/s) and merge with the Novat river about 200 m downstream from the pumping station. 90 Volumne III: Risk Reduction of Mining Accidents in the Tisza Basin Component

Surface water, particularly from Novat river, is diverted by a small dam (about 5 m high) about 400 m upstream the current waterline. The water is channeled into a gallery of about 5 m width by 3 m height which bypasses the TDF in the eastern valley slope and surfaces below the second collection dam. The flow rate of Novat river was estimated to about 120 I/s (in a relatively dry period). During flood events and snowmelt several 100 I/s to m 3 /s are possible. The main decantation activities are accomplished by a pumping station immediately above the current water level. It is equipped with three electrical pumps.

The components of the mining operation, which have been assigned a particularly high risk during the project identification phase are listed in the table below.

Element Identified Risk/Hazard and Proposed Remediation Measure(s) Embankment Dam Continuous seepage through dam body, especially repaired breach area from 2000 and subsequent loss of material (mainly fines). Risk of rapid and progressive piping failure. Proposed remediation measure: Sealing measures, such as injections (of cement, bitumen or resins) at the breach area and into the tailings in the beach area immediately upstream of the breach. Dam and local tailings stabilization by micropiles or mix-in-place techniques.

Rapid failure due to thixotropy/liquefaction (e. g., triggered by small seismic event or even machinery vibrations). Proposed remediation measure: Dam dewatering and stabilization measures, e. g. the installation of controlled drainage pipes at the dam base, additive reconstruction of the dam to its original slope angle using geotextiles (reinforced ground, erosion control) and installing proper filter layers and drainage systems). Decantation Facility Inverse decantation system has been recently upgraded, pumping station is in very poor repair and very close above the waterline (risk of flooding in case of rapid rise of pond surface). Risk of repeated lack in dewatering capacity as in March 2000. Proposed remediation measure: Repair and upgrading of pumping station and inverse decant. The pumping station should be placed sufficiently high over the current pond level and allow for long term increase of the TDF level. New pumps should be installed with sufficient capacity and backup/emergency extra capacities. The pumps should be connected to an emergency power supply. Upgrading works at the decantation facility have already started with the installation of a HDPE (high density polyethylene) pipe along the current TDF boundary, used as a bypass and emergency system in case of pump failure. IFunctionality, repair and maintenance of this existing system

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should be checked.

Access road and power supply Overall improvement of emergency response capabilities. Proposed remediation measure: pavement and upgrading of road, provision of winter service, installation of emergency power supply, e. g., a diesel generator with sufficient capacity at the TDF. The generator has to be regularly tested and installed in a moderately warm location to avoid diesel I coagulation due to frost.

The location of these two sites identified for the initial phase of project implementation are indicated on Figure 1. IV. PROPOSED HAZARD PREVENTION AND REMEDIATION MEASURES

The intent of the IBRD/GEF assistance is to mitigate or reduce the hazards/risks identified above. Proposed measures that could be taken include the following:

(i) Provision on high-head pumping facilities at Rosia Poieni (Valea Sesei TDF) and Baia Borsa (Novat TDF) to provide back up against overtopping failure

(ii) Provision of acid rock drainage (ARD) water treatment facilities downstream of Rosia Poieni (Valea Sesei and Stefancei TDFs) and Baia Borsa (Novat TDF) tailings dams to reduce the acidity of discharged waters

(iii) Communication improvements, (phone lines, radios, mobile phones, regular inspection meetings by TDF specialist engineers, standardized reporting forms and descriptive terminology, regular emergency exercises and drills) including improvements to access road.

(iv) Dam stabilization measures include: at the dam structure (e.g., buttressing the dam foot/toe at Nocal TDF, strengthening of dam body at Novat and Stefancei I, impermeabilization of dam at Valea Sesei and Novat, stabilization of dam crest at Novat dam, emergency spillway at Noval and Stefancei I); upstream (e.g., flood diversion system at Novat, acid rock drainage at Valea Sesei, improvements in waste dumps at Valea Sesei, drainage works for waste dumps at Rosia Poieni); and downstream (e.g., back up dam at Novat, reconstruction of pumping station, cleaning up of spillage lying between main dam and downstream.)

V. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

Without implementation of the project, the current situation of high risk of catastrophic mining accidents in transboundary rivers would increase. This will result in continued high risk to safety, public health and aquatic ecosystems and poor water quality downstream. As a result, the adverse long-term condition will persist, continuing and long-term detrimental environmental impacts to rivers and downstream countries.

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The implementation of the proposed hazard prevention and remediation measures is vital for improving the management and safety of mines, having a strong contribution to the long-term improvement of water quality conditions in the Danube and Black Sea basins. It is anticipated that the works associated with the hazard prevention and remediation measures will have no significant impact on surroundings and most disruptions will be localized since most of the construction works will be done in properties owned by the mining companies and on the site of the existing tailings dams facilities. Most of the negative environmental impacts can be minimized or mitigated during the planning or implementation stage.

The Environmental Management Plan presented below identifies the environmental impacts and proposed mitigation measures for most of the prevention and remediation activities. It should be noted that at present feasibility studies are being conducted to identify the most appropriate measures that the project will support on the basis of comprehensive risk assessment analysis.

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Potential Negative Mitigation Opportunities Responsible Monitoring Requirements Responsible Agency for Impact or Party for Monitoring and Concern Implementin Enforcement (in order of g Mitigation involvement)

A. CONSTRUCTION Soil and water Avoid endangering existing Mine Periodic inspection as National Agency for contamination by facilities by applying operator, civil advised by Romanian legal Mineral Resources release of tailings internationally accepted best works and technical standards and (NAMR); Ministry of during construction engineering practice and site contractors specific requirements of Agriculture, Forest Water supervision. prevention and remediation and Environment activities (MAFWE) Groundwater Provide adequate runoff and Mine Periodic inspection as NAMR; MAFWE pollution by drainage control (perimeter operator; civil advised by Romanian legal construction run- drainages, settlings ponds, works and technical standards and offs recycling of process waters, e. g. contractors specific requirements of from drilling, flushing etc.); prevention and remediation replace all vegetation destroyed activities with vegetation of equal ecological value and restore all trench surfaces; follow active Romanian construction norms and regulations. Soil and water Use only officially approved, Mine Periodic inspection as NAMR; MAFWE contamination by adequately supervised and operator; civil advised by Romanian legal improper disposal managed, appropriate disposal works and technical standards and of demolition sites; follow construction contractors specific requirements of debris and waste standards. prevention and remediation activities; ; environmental monitoring to be supported under the project

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Spillage of fuel Store tanks and drums on 110% Mine Periodic inspection as NAMR; MAFWE and oil capacity bases; forbid pouring operator; civil advised by Romanian legal into soils or drains; enforce works and technical standards and adequate equipment maintenance contractors specific requirements of procedures; follow regulations prevention and remediation imposed by/agreed with local activities environmental authorities. Establish central storage areas equipped with appropriate surface sealing, drainage, water collection and oil separation systems. Damage to trees Replace all vegetation destroyed Mine Periodic inspection as NAMR; MAFWE and vegetative with vegetation of equal operator; civil advised by Romanian legal cover ecological value. Sedimentation works and technical standards and and erosion control measures contractors specific requirements of such as surface drainage prevention and remediation management, quick reseeding of activities opened ground, slope and ground surface stabilization with geotextiles or bio-wicker-works to minimize impacts on surrounding vegetation and waterways. Noise and Establish schedule and other Mine Periodic inspection as NAMR; MAFWE vibration specific restrictions; limit work operator; civil advised by Romanian legal disturbances to to daylight hours as possible; works and technical standards and local residents equipment to have noise contractors specific requirements of suppression devices such as prevention and remediation noise isolators (mufflers), activities temporary earthworks or noise- barriers and proper maintenance of construction machinery; limit _

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excessive vibration in built-up areas by appropriate techniques, machinery and equipment (e. g. using roadheaders instead of blasting, drilling instead of ramming); follow local Romanian standards. Dust generation Dust suppression measures: Mine Periodic inspection as NAMR; MAFWE water sprinkling on dry, open operator; civil advised by Romanian legal ground, , proper storage and works and technical standards and cover of excess materials contractors specific requirements of (excavated ground, tailings etc), prevention and remediation cleaning of sites upon activities completion of activities, use of tarps or other fabrics (geotextiles, plastic covers) to cover loose storage material. Current and There is no significant change of Mine Periodic inspection as NAMR; MAFWE future land use land use associated with the operator; civil advised by Romanian legal project. The current use as works and technical standards and mining area will not be changed contractors specific requirements of during the project duration. prevention and remediation Prevention and remediation activities measures will occur at existing facilities. B. OPERATION Soil and water Proactive risk reduction by Mine operator Check day-to-day operations. NAMR; MAFWE; contamination by implementing the overall goals Monthly reviews and National Dams Inspection release of tailings und scope of this project inspections. Commission (CONSIB); Set up operational monitoring Intemational Commission system to detect the onset of Annual inspections to assess for the Protection of the

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dangerous situation. This shall tailings facilities. Danube River (ICPDR) include daily inspections of the Environmental monitoring embankment d am bodcy,.. ombservtio danqatti sampling at specified points. observation and quantitafive ~~~~~~~~~to to determinedeemn emissions,Iemsios measurement of oufflows and fluctuations and anomalities. seepages from the dam body, Monitored media include weekly high-precision surveys of water and soil, which are key measurement points of the analyzed for key parameters dam cross-sections, installation indicative and typical of of inclinometers and daily TDF, manely, pH, readings at critical dam sections. Tductinaey, H,C conductivity, Cd, Cu, Pb, Sn, Set up manual for tailings Zn, etc. operation, tailings dam inspection and emergency preparedness and response procedures Check and enforce compliance. Process modification (increase of ore recovery, reduction of residual ore in tailings, increase efficiency of processing plants, reduce amount of process water, deposition of tailings as paste) at the mines could reduce potential for mid- to long-term water contamination. Provision of new pumping equipment prior to construction (e. g., at Novat) to add extra contingencies in water management and emergency I response (e. g., lowering pond I

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level during maintenance/ construction and in case of observed instabilities or unusual climatic events). Provision of new methods (e. g., electrolytical metal recovery) to facilitate treatment of ARD (mid- to long-term perspective)

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VI. Institutional Arrangements

In Romania, there are environmental regulations in force that makes control and supervision of construction works mandatory. Contracts and bill of quantities will include clauses for appropriate disposal of unacceptable construction material and disposal of construction waste. Procurement documents will specify that no environmentally unacceptable materials will be used.

A. Development of the EMP

Project Identification. Once the feasibility studies are completed and the specific hazard mitigation activity is determined, the case-specific implementation of the EMP will be prepared by the Mine Operator, the local Environmental Inspectorate and Water Authorities (Apele Romane). The Project Implementation Unit (PIU) under the National Agency for Mineral Resources (NAMR) will review the project definition and supervise the implementation.

Environmental Screening. The criteria to determine if and how detailed an environmental analysis will be needed are laid down in recently adopted Romanian legislation, which is in concurrence with EU-legislation and contains checklists, directives and requirements for environmental monitoring for virtually all branches of industry, including mining and mine waste.

Specifically they are:

* Governmental Decision Nr. 918, 22 August 2002: Establishment of a Framework Program to Evaluate Environmental Impacts. Impact Assessment Directives; * Order of MWEP Nr. 860, 26 September 2002: Approval of the Procedure for Environmental Impact Assessment; and * Order of MWEP 863, 26 September 2002: Approval of Methodological Guidelines for the Methodology for Environmental Impact Assessment.

In the case of new TDFs, the environmental regulations advise the preparation of an EMP because of the following Environmental Checklist Criteria:

* Change in land use or land surface contours (altering runoff patterns) * Soil erosion (land clearing) * Interference with local aesthetic characteristics * Permanent loss of productive land from material deposition * Environmentally sensitive area involved (protected area, sensitive ecosystems) * Culturally sensitive area involved (temples, historically/archaeologically significant etc.) * Large quantities of potentially harmful or toxic substances are involved

Environmental Documentation and Document Content. After the project is screened, a decision is made as to what type of document will be required to address environmental issues.

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Most of the subprojects will require, at most, a site specific environmental management plan (mitigation, monitoring, institutional arrangements). The local Environmental Inspectorates are responsible for making the decision for the document type, who they consult with in making that decision and who is responsible for preparing the environmental management plan. Details are laid down in the above quoted legal documents.

Review and Approval. The documentation for the EMP will be prepared by the Mine Operator and sent to the local Environmental Inspectorates for review and approval.

Consultation . The PIU will initiate a task force in cooperation with the responsible authorities. The task force will arrange the public consultation with the project stakeholders. In addition, it should be noted that for environmental sensitive projects, consultation is legally required (see above quoted legal documents and Romanian Environmental Protection Law No. 137, 1995) and generally organized by the local Environmental Inspectorates. Participation is open to all interested parties. Consultation usually takes place after preparation of the draft environmental assessment.

B. Implementation of the EMP

During implementation of the EMP the steps sketched below will be followed. The responsible institutions are also indicated below: * Monitoring/Data Collection: Data are generated by (technical field personnel) Mine Operators, Apele Romane and Environmental inspectorates. * Data Analysis is performed by specialist staff (or outsourced to external Consultants) of the Mine Operator and supported by the local Environmental Inspectorates. The latter are also responsible for reporting and disclosure, as well as archiving and maintenance of the information. * The local Environmental Inspectorate evaluates the report and recommends action to the Mine Operator. This will be implemented by Mine Management and supervised/checked by local Environmental and Mining Authorities.

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Figure 1: Location of the Two Sites Selected for the First Phase of Project Implementation

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