Embodied Utopias; Gender, Social Change, and the Modern Metropolis
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Downloaded by [Central Uni Library Bucharest] at 02:50 26 September 2013 Embodied Utopias Utopia has become a bad reputation in recent scholarship on modernism, archi- tecture, urban planning and gender studies. Many utopian designs now appear impractical, manifesting an arrogant disregard for the lived experiences of the ordinary inhabitants who make daily use of global, public and private spaces. The essays in Embodied Utopias argue that the gendered body is the crux of the hopes and disappointments of modern urban and suburban utopias of the United States of America, Europe and Asia. They reassess utopian projects – mas- culinist, feminist, colonialist, progressive – of the late nineteenth and early twen- tieth centuries; they survey the dystopian landscapes of the present; and they gesture at the potential for an embodied approach to the urban future, to the changing spaces of cities and virtual landscapes. With essays from a wide range of fields including architecture and urban plan- ning, art and art history, media and cultural studies, communications, geo- graphy, philosophy, and gender studies, Embodied Utopias makes an important contribution to the ongoing dialogue between cultural theory and the history and practice of architecture and urban design. Downloaded by [Central Uni Library Bucharest] at 02:50 26 September 2013 Amy Bingaman is Visiting Scholar, Departments of Art and Design at the Cornish College of Arts, Seattle. Lise Sanders is Visiting Assistant Professor of Literature at Hampshire College, Amherst. Rebecca Zorach is Harper Fellow and Collegiate Assistant Professor of Humanities at the University of Chicago. THE ARCHITEXT SERIES Edited by Thomas A. Markus and Anthony D. King Architectural discourse had traditionally represented buildings as art objects or technical objects. Yet buildings are also social objects in that they are invested with social meaning and shape social relations. Recognising these assumptions, the Architext series aims to bring together recent debates in social and cultural theory and the study and practice of architecture and urban design. Critical, comparative and interdisciplinary, the books in the series will, by theorising archi- tecture, bring the space of the built environment centrally into the social sciences and humanities, as well as bringing the theoretical insights of the latter into the discourse of architecture and urban design. Particular attention will be paid to issues of gender, race, sexuality and the body, to questions of identity and place, to the cultural politics of representation and language, and to the global and postcolonial contexts in which these are addressed. Already published: Framing Places Mediating power in built form Kim Dovey Gender Space Architecture An interdisciplinary introduction Edited by Jane Rendell, Barbara Penner and Iain Borden Behind the Postcolonial Architecture, urban space and political cultures in Indonesia Abidin Kusno The Architecture of Oppression The SS, forced labor and the Nazi monumental building economy Paul Jaskot The Words Between the Spaces Buildings and language Thomas A. Markus and Deborah Cameron Forthcoming titles: Colonial Constructions Architecture, cities and Italian colonialism Downloaded by [Central Uni Library Bucharest] at 02:50 26 September 2013 Mia Fuller Spaces of Global Cultures Anthony D. King Writing Spaces Greig Crysler Edited by Amy Bingaman, Lise Sanders and Rebecca Zorach Embodied Utopias Gender, social change, and the modern metropolis Downloaded by [Central Uni Library Bucharest] at 02:50 26 September 2013 London and New York First published 2002 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2004. © 2002 Selection and editorial matter: Amy Bingaman, Lise Sanders and Rebecca Zorach; individual chapters: the contributors The right of Edited by Amy Bingaman, Lise Sanders and Rebecca Zorach to be identified as the Author of this Work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Embodied utopias : gender, social change, and the modern metropolis / edited by Amy Bingaman, Lise Sanders and Rebecca Zorach. p. cm. – (Architext series) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Visionary architecture. 2. City planning. I. Bingaman, Amy, 1970– II. Sanders, Lise, 1970– III. Zorach, Rebecca, 1969– IV. Series. NA209.5 .E46 2001 Downloaded by [Central Uni Library Bucharest] at 02:50 26 September 2013 711'.4–dc21 2001040810 ISBN 0-203-45154-6Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-45738-2(Adobe eReader Format) ISBN 0-415-24813-2 (hbk) ISBN 0-415-24814-0 (pbk) Contents List of Figures vii Notes on Contributors x Foreword xiv Acknowledgements xvii Embodied Utopia: Introduction Amy Bingaman, Lise Sanders, and Rebecca Zorach 1 PART I 13 1 Is There a Built Form for Non-Patriarchal Utopias? 15 Thomas A. Markus PART II: CIVILIZATION/DEGENERATION: DESIRE AND REPULSION IN THE MODERN CITY 33 Introduction by Lise Sanders 34 2 Making the City Beautiful: Aesthetic Reform and the 37 (Dis)placement of Bodies Margaret E. Farrar 3 Urban Space, Modernity, and Masculinist Desire: 55 The Utopian Longings of Le Corbusier Barbara Hooper 4 Dystopia in Utopia: Exoticism and Degeneration in 79 Indochina, 1890–1940 Downloaded by [Central Uni Library Bucharest] at 02:50 26 September 2013 Hazel Hahn v Ⅺ Contents I PART III: AT HOME IN PUBLIC 93 Introduction by Peg Birmingham 94 5 At Home in Public: The Hull House Settlement and the 99 Study of the City Sharon Haar 6 Utopian Visions and Architectural Designs of 116 Turn-of-the-Century Social Settlements Suzanne M. Spencer-Wood PART IV: ESPRIT DE CORPS AND ESPRIT DÉCOR: DOMESTICITY, COMMUNITY AND CREATIVE AUTONOMY IN THE BUILDING OF FEMALE PUBLIC IDENTITY 133 Introduction by Amy Bingaman 134 7 A Women’s Berlin: How Female Patrons and Architects in Imperial 139 Germany Re-Gendered the City Despina Stratigakos 8 Endeavours and Expectations: Housing Washington’s Women 156 Kelly Quinn PART V: EMBODYING URBAN DESIGN 167 Introduction by Anthony Raynsford 168 9 Personal City: Tysons Corner and the Question of Identity 173 Brent Stringfellow 10 Re-Reading Disney’s Celebration: Gendered Topography 188 in a Heterotopian Pleasure Garden Andrew Wood 11 Bangkok Simultopia 204 Brian P. McGrath PART VI: HAUNTING THE CITY 219 Introduction by Rebecca Zorach 220 12 Networked Interventions: Debugging the Electronic Frontier 225 Christa Erickson 13 Frugality and the City: Hanoi Palimpsest 242 May Joseph 14 Against Utopia: The Romance of Indeterminate Spaces 256 Elizabeth Wilson Downloaded by [Central Uni Library Bucharest] at 02:50 26 September 2013 PART VII 263 15 The Time of Architecture 265 Elizabeth Grosz Bibliography 279 Index 305 vi Ⅺ Figures 1.1 Function, form and space converging to a point or to a ‘cloud’ in the field of social relations 18 1.2 The Arcos Bosques high rise office block in Mexico, ‘Latin America’s most extensive real estate project . a new land of opportunities for foreign investors – a ‘‘symbol of Utopia’’ ’ 19 1.3 Text structure of the Burrell Gallery Brief (1970) 21 1.4 Robert Owen’s design for New Harmony (architect Thomas Stedman Whitwell) as shown on the front cover of Crisis in 1832 26 1.5 Godin’s phrenological head 28 1.6 Tony Garnier’s Cité Industrielle 29 2.1 An aerial view of the Washington Mall, c. 1900 39 2.2 The McMillan Plan for the Washington Mall 41 2.3 An alley in Southwest Washington, DC, c. 1937 43 3.1 Blanking out 56 3.2 Unmoderns in our midst 61 3.3 Primitive architecture 63 3.4 When I no longer make architecture, I see everything as women 64 3.5 Regulating lines 65 3.6 The white race goes its conquering way 68 3.7 New machines, new men 70 3.8 Transcending the body 73 5.1 Jane Addams’ profile before 1900 100 Downloaded by [Central Uni Library Bucharest] at 02:50 26 September 2013 5.2 Jane Addams’ funeral, 1935, in Hull House Courtyard 100 5.3 Sketch of Butler Art Gallery and Hull House, c. 1896 107 5.4 Hull House entrance, c. 1913 108 5.5 Hull House Demolition, 1963 112 5.6 Public and private space in the completed Hull House Settlement 113 6.1 Lincoln House external architecture 123 vii Ⅺ Figures I 6.2 Lincoln House basement plan 125 6.3 Lincoln House first floor plan 126 6.4 Lincoln House second floor plan 126 6.5 Lincoln House third floor plan 127 6.6 Elizabeth Peabody House 129 7.1 A woman builder making repairs to the roof of Berlin’s Town Hall 139 7.2 The clubhouse on Lützowplatz designed by Emilie Winkelmann in 1913–14 for the German Lyceum Club 144 7.3 Main hall of the ‘Women at Home and in the Professions’ exhibition of 1912 146 7.4 Street façade of ‘Women at Home and in the Professions’ 146 7.5 ‘House in the Sun’ in Potsdam designed by Emilie Winkelmann in 1913 150 7.6 Street façade of the Victoria Studienhaus in Charlottenburg designed by Emilie Winkelmann in 1914 152 7.7 View of the garden and rear façade of the Victoria Studienhaus 153 7.8 Map illustrating the location of the Victoria Studienhaus in relation to other cultural and educational resources in the city 153 8.1 New Endeavors by Women, 611 N St, NW, Washington, DC, April 1999 161 8.2 New Expectations, 2801 13th St, NW, Washington, DC, February 1998 162 9.1 ‘Downtown’ Tysons Corner.