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Report on a Household Census of Seventeen Selected Fishing Villages in Kagera Region, Tanzania: - Major Findings

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Report on a Household Census of Seventeen Selected Fishing Villages in Kagera Region, Tanzania: - Major Findings REGIONAL PROJECT FOR INLAND FISHERIES PLANNING, DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT IN EASTERN/CENTRAL/SOUTHERN AFRICA (I.F.I.P.) 1L PROJECT RAF/871099-TD/42193 (En) May 1993 Report on a Household Census of Seventeen SelectedFishing Villages in Kagera Region, Tanzania: - major findings - Ethiopia Zambia Kenya Zaire Tanzania Burundi Mozambique Rwanda Zimbabwe Uganda Malawi , " 7 UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS UNDP/FAO Regional Project UNDP/FAO Kagera Strengthening the for Inland Fisheries Planning Integrated Fisheries Role of Fisheries Development and Management Project in Alleviating in Eastern/Central/Southern (URT/90/005) Malnutrition Africa (RAF/87/099) (GCP/IN17467/NOR) RAF/87/099-1D/42/93 (En) May 1993 Report on a Household Census of Seventeen Selected Fishing Villages in Kagera Region, Tanzania: - major findings - by Kees Leenderts& Fishery Planning Analyst Based on the work of: Marion Prate and Mwamoto B.A.S.3 'ex IFIP Staff member 'Doctoral student researcher, Department of Anthropology, State University of New York 3Socio-economist, URT/90/005 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANISATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME Bujumbura, May 1993 The conclusions and recommendations given in this and other IFIP project series are those considered appropriate at the time of preparation. They may be modified in the light of further knowledge gained at subsequent stages of the project. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of FAO or UNDP concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, concerning the determination of its frontiers or boundaries. PREFACE The IFIP project started in January 1989 with the main objective of promotinga more effective and rational exploitation of the fisheries resources of major water bodies of Eastern, Central and Southern Africa.The project is executed by the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO), and funded by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) for a duration of four years. There are eleven countries and three intergovernmental organisations participating in the project: Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Uganda, Rwanda, Tanzania, Zambia, Zaire, Zimbabwe, the Communeauté Economique des Pays des Grands Lacs (CEPGL), the Preferential Trade Area for Eastern and Southern Africa States (PTA) and the Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC). The immediate objectives of the project are: (i) to strengthen regional collaboration for the rational development and management of inland fisheries, particularly with respect to shared water bodies; (ii) to provide advisory services and assist Governments in sectoral and project planning; (iii) to strengthen technical capabilities through training; and (iv) to establisha regional information base. PREPARATION OF THIS DOCUMENT This document presents the major findings of a household census executed in seventeen selected fishing villages in Kagera Region, Tanzania. The census was conducted by IFIP in collaboration with the UNDP/FAO Kagera Integrated Fisheries Project (URT/90/005) and with financial assistance of GCP/INT1467/NOR Strengthening the Role of Fisheries in Alleviating Malnutrition. The census was part of a socio-economic surveyprogramme with the objective to assess the current status of fishing communities in the Kagera region for future assessment of the impact of the Integrated Fisheries Project.The census was to provide information on household characteristics, economic activities, and involvement in fishery. Data were therefore gatllered on household composition, fisheries activities, farming activities, and living conditions. The present document is structured accordingly. It should be read in combination with the report on a rapid rural appraisal (RRA) exercise, conducted in some of the identified villages. IFIP PROJECT FAO B.P. 1250 BUJUMBURA BURUNDI Telex: FOODAGRI BDI 5092 Fax: 22 77 05 Tel.: 22 43 28 IFIP PUBLICATIONS Publications of the IFIP project are issued in two series: A series of technical documents (RAF1871099-TD) related to meetings, missions and research organized by the project. A series of working papers (RAF/87/099-WP) related to more specific field and thematic investigations conducted in the framework of the project. For both series, reference is further made to the document number (42), the year of publication (93) and the language in which the document is issued: English (En) or French (Fr). For bibliographic purposes this document should be cited as follows: Leendertse K., Report on a Household Census of Seventeen Selected Fishing Villages in Kagera Region, Tanzania: major findings. UNDP/FAO Regional Project for Inland Fisheries Planning (IFIP), RAF1871099-TD142193 (En): 47p. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author wishes to thank Ms Marion Pratt and Mr Mwamoto B.A.S., who prepared a first analysis of the data gathered for the purpose of the study, on the basis of which this document is prepared.Their participation in the fieldwork and data processing is greatly appreciated. Acknowledgements are also directed to the Tanzanian fisheries staff in Bukoba, Muleba, and Biharamulo Districts.The diligent and efficient enumerators included: J. Majaliwa, S. Mbena, J. Tiyahirwa, J. Massongo, V. Mashiku, F. Kibiti, E. Rushoke, D. Ruiza, F. Kainami, V. Rweyemamu, L. Miiruko, L. Kiobya, C. Ndibalema, R. Bakahuga, P. Chawe, D. Alexander, J. Hamis, and H. Shemkai. Special thanks go to Mssrs. Majaliwa and Mbena, and Mrs. Kiobya, for reviewing questionnaire forms and discussing the purpose of the census to village leaders. The staff of the Kagera Integrated Fisheries Project were of great assistance in the census planning and implementation. The fieldwork was very much facilitated by the many ten-cell leaders in the villages, some of whom spent an entire day or more helping to make sure that every household was covered. Above all, the gracious hospitality of the fisherfolk and their families and their patience in answering are appreciated. Table of contents IN'TRODUCTION 1 1.1 General 1 1.2 Background and purpose of the study 1 1.3 The report 2 2 METHODOLOGY 4 2.1 Selection of villages 4 2.2 Definitions 6 2.3 Census design, data collection a.nd processing 6 3 POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS 8 3.1 Size and composition of households 8 3.2 Ethnic background 10 3.3 Marital status 10 3.4 Sex ratios 12 3.5 Age structure 12 3.6 Education 13 3.7 Occupations 15 4 ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES 18 4.1 Fisheries activities 18 4.1.1Boat ownership 18 4.1.2 Fishing gear 19 4.1.3 Engine ownership 21 4.1.4Fishery related activities 22 4.2 Farming activities 23 4.2.1Land ownership 23 4.2.2Livestock 24 5 LIVING CONDITIONS 27 5.1 House size and styles 27 5.2 Utilities 29 5.3 Ownership of non-productive assets 30 REFERENCES 31 APPENDICES 32 LIST OF IFIP REPORTS 40 List of tables and figures Tables Sample villages 5 Educational level 14 Principal and secondary occupations by income and time spent and by sex 15 Principal and secondary occupations by village and total 17 Distribution of fishing gear in gear owning households 20 Animal keeping households and averages per owner by type of animal 25 7 House construction materials 28 Figures Map of Kagera Region Average household size 8 Type of household 9 Marital status of heads of households 9 Ethnic affiliation 10 Marital status, all population over 15 11 Marital status, all population over 15 by village 11 Sex ratios 12 Age structure 13 Households owning boats and number of boats per owner 18 Households with fishing gear 19 Engine owning households and engines per owner 21 Households owning kilns/smokers and involved in fish trade 22 Field owning .households and average number of fields per owner 23 Number of rooms per household member 27 Houses provided with utilities 29 Ownership of non-productive assets 30 Figure 1: Map of Kagera Region U G A N DA lgabiro I - Otoro // Nyamázi \ tlusira Island 's7C Island Lake KerTe ushwa Pitanbdwa iNya5.buro Island (Dthatnkwik w I -0Kinagi Island _ake Rwaka juju i( 0 Ruhanga affiguru LAKE VIC TORi < La Ngoma 1(. y a Cay ... ..,, -\lj .Z.7 t_r Ca s.S Cill, CL1¡ X.'4 .1.- ) Muginza Bukamire *1 EMIN PASHA ULF R bato.?á_ftiv.i bu e Buzirayor_n_boz c'") KIBONDO [DISTRICT 1 b 15 Statute miles 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 General The Tanzanian sector of Lake Victoria currently contributes approximately 70% (or 205,500 mts) of the total annual national fishery landings (Ssentongo 1992). Because of the recent development of the lake fishery, especially regarding the two important emerging fisheries Nile Perch (Lates niloticus/O. niloticus) and dagaa (R. argentia), the area merits increased attention. The whole of Lake Victoria has been estimated to hold vast productive potential that calls for institutionally directed efforts towards rational utilization of its stocks. The western part of the lake frontiers, including the coastline of the Kagera region, stretching from the border with Uganda to the north to Emin Pasha Gulf bordering Mwanza region to the south, has to date benefited less from the developing fisheries than other parts of the lake. This is due in large part to its geographic remoteness and various economic constraints. The comparative underutilization of the fisheries development potential is manifested both in the continued perceived low status of fishermen in the region and the significantly lower total per capita income as compared to Mwanza and Mara regions (Beare 1991). This report presents the major outcomes of a household census undertaken in the Kagera region in seventeen selected fishing communities.It should be mentioned here that the villages were selected intentionally because of their involvement in fishery and therefore as potential project villages for the Kagera Integrated Fisheries Project. The results of the study are therefore not representative for the Kagera region but provide information on characteristics of fishing households.
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