Westleton Common

Annual Report 2017

WESTLETON COMMON ANNUAL REPORT 2017

Contents

Westleton Common Advisory Group Members

Chairman's Review

New Year's Day Bonfire and Fireworks

A little History Part 2

Working Parties

Nature Walks and other Observations

APPENDIX - 2017 Records:

Siver Studded Blue Butterflies

Fungi

Moths

Westleton Common Advisory Group 2017

Roy Jones Chairman Cllr WPC email: [email protected] John Bebbington Secretary Arlette Smith Cllr WPC Roy Swindell Cllr WPC David Rous Work Party Leader email: [email protected] Gordon Turner Julian Alexander Cllr WPC Nick Shearme Bonfire Cttee Chair

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CHAIRMAN’S REVIEW

On reviewing 2017 on the Common, the thing that comes most sharply to my mind is the intensity of colour that we experienced from March to June. Each emerging display seemed to compete for pride of place with those that had gone before. Blackthorn shone clearly from afar, gorse flower glowed in the sunlight, the birch trees stood out with a silvery glow and the heather seemed more widespread than ever before. The teams of volunteers who worked regularly on the Common should themselves be glowing with satisfaction for it is their continuous effort in clearing the scrub that has brought about the expansion of the heather and the regeneration of the gorse. Such profuse flowering was a joy to behold. We saw Westleton Common at its best and the experience was enriching. The early morning walk became an occasion not to be missed and for me, living on the edge of the Common, it began as soon as I set foot outside and passed beneath the cloud of brilliant pinky white blossom which smothered the Amelanchier at my Mill Street gate.

Not to be outdone and determined to have a place in this spectacle, the nightingale, Westleton’s "Barley Bird”, seemed to be exceptional in the strength of its presence and the question asked of walkers was not “Did you hear the nightingale?” but “How many nightingales did you hear?” Credit is due to the volunteers again because their work ensures that the Common continues to provide the habitat that the nightingale seeks.

I must also pick out from 2017 one particular task carried out by the Community Payback Team in clearing an area of scrub on the right of the Mill Street entrance. This opened up a new vista, a southward view along a small “valley”, between the trees at the bottom and across the fields to the needle-like spire of Middleton Church, a view that was hitherto unseen.

Over 20 years ago when I first moved to Westleton I was talking with an acquaintance in a nearby town and when I said that I had recently taken up residence in Westleton he said, “God’s little Acre”, the prettiest village on the Suffolk Coast. Indeed, living close to Nature in all its glory, as we are in Westleton, can be an uplifting experience which enhances one’s well-being. It is therapeutic. It makes people feel happy and happy people make happy communities.

Reading through Juliet’s draft Report before writing this Review made me realise what a busy year 2017 has been. There were six Working Parties, six Nature Walks and several observation sessions by groups and individuals, all duly recorded in the final pages of the Report.

Many volunteers have been involved in organising these activities and the thanks of the Common Advisory Group go to all of them for their help in our management tasks.

I am sure that everyone would agree that a few people deserve special mention: David Rous for organising the Working Parties and planning the work schedules always with great enthusiasm and for looking after the Community Payback Groups. Everyone looks forward to the tea, coffee, cake and biscuits on a chilly morning and thanks go to Pam and Alan Hargreaves for turning up every month during the winter with these delicious comestibles.

My final word of thanks goes to Juliet Bullimore . A very big “Thankyou” for someone who, every year, draws together the stats, words, pictures and maps which go to make up this very interesting and useful document.

Sadly, but albeit understandably, after six years in the job Juliet has decided to stand down and 2017 will be her last report.

So, we now seek yet another VOLUNTEER. Someone to take over from Juliet and produce the Report starting with 2018. No particular qualifications needed - just a keen interest in a record being kept of what happens on the Common during the year. Juliet won’t just disappear, she will be available to help her successor to settle into the job and to offer advice at any time. For information and a chat about the nature of the job, please contact Juliet on 01728 648142 or Email [email protected]

ROY JONES Chairman Feb. 2018

"My Amelanchier" Photo Roy Jones

New Year's Day Bonfire and Fireworks

Once again the Bonfire Committee arranged a wonderful show, attended by a large crowd. An added attraction was the attendance of a fire engine, to cover the safety aspects of the event. Refreshments were served in the Village Hall before and after the event, and there was a lantern procession up Mill St. from the hall up to the Common.

.....all that was left the following day.

A Little History Part 2 - World War 11

A wartime warning sign on the Common (Sign Loaned by Ronnie Strowger)

During World War II, the Common was used as a camp by the Army. Signs of their occupation can still be seen near The Pheasantry and The Cleeves. There were no trees then on these areas, the rabbits kept all seedlings down. Concrete and brick bases for army huts and remains of boots can still be found. The sealed top of the well they dug is just visible beside the present-day tools container. They had a search light on the Noddle, observer posts, various target practice ranges, gun enclosures and trenches. Local children found a great many bullets and other artefacts to play with, sometimes with tragic consequences. Ammunition was stored at the edge of the northern boundary of the Common. The Officers were quartered in the Mill House, and all around the village.

Nissen Hut, 1955, near Cleeves' Railway Carriage. Alf Fisk (The crane is trench digging, possibly for taking a water supply to the gravel workings further into the pit.)

World War 11 Army Camp on Westleton Common

Alison Paul and Frances Berry, with the help of Ronnie Strowger, Morgan Caines, Barbara Caines, Jill Houghton, Frank Rouse, Jean Rouse, Penny Rous and Ann Follows (Alf Fisk's photographs are reproduced courtesy of Cana Turner) ______Working Parties 2017

Saturday January 21st 9 people Gorse was cleared to the right of the path leading northwards from the sandy mound towards Ralph's Mill, to enable the heather to regenerate - this is a sheltered spot favoured by Silver- Studded Blue butterflies.

Saturday February 18th 14 people Gorse clearance in central part of the Common - south of Ralph's Mill

Welcome refreshments provided!

Also, on this day new railings were erected, by more volunteers, up the zigzag path to the Noddle:

Saturday March 18th 14 people Being the last working party before the summer, we made sure the main paths were passable, and cut back undergrowth where necessary. Rubbish was collected, mainly from the Reckford Rd layby area. Bracken was raked off the area adjacent to the Noddle car park.

Saturday 17th June and 12th August Extra Working Parties - Bracken cutting on bank to west of concrete square. Saturday September 16th 7people Gorse and brambles cut back at the top of the track leading up from the Reckford Rd towards the concrete area.

Saturday October 21st 9 people Clearance at the top of the path from Reckford Rd - at the south eastern side of the Common.

Saturday November 18th 5 people Overgrown path on south side of Ralph's Mill widened - by several feet either side.

David Rous did sterling work organising and leading all the work parties during the year, and also monitored the occasions when community payback workers again cleared large areas of gorse, for which we are very grateful.

______

Nature Walks and other Observations

January 24th - several robins and one wren, and one squirrel. February 19th - 3 pheasants, Great Tits, Chaffinch (heard), Robins, raucous Seagulls on adjacent field, Blackbird (female), Blue Tits, Ear fungus.

Nature Walk Saturday February 25th 9 people Goldcrest, Robin, Great Tit, Blue Tit, Chaffinch, pheasant feathers. Muntjac deer Snowdrops, gorse in flower, bee orchid leaves, Southern Hemisphere Liverwort (naturalised in UK since 1950's). Brain Fungus on Gorse

Southern Hemisphere Liverwort

March 2nd - Brain fungus - a brightly coloured feature of the winter scene:

March 20th - Moth traps set by Clive Ireland and Jon Evans - a list of the moths identified can be found in the index.

March 31st - scented Gorse flowers, Chiffchaffs, Great Tits, Peacock butterfly. Nature Walk Saturday April 8th 14 people

Birds - Chiffchaff, Chaffinch, Blackbirds, Robin, Linnet, Blackcap, Great Tit, Mistle Thrush, Greenfinch, Skylark, Gulls. Insects - Large Gorse Mining Bee, 7spot Ladybird, Early Bumblebee, Common Carder Bee, Honeybee, Redtailed Bumblebee, Bee Fly, Gorse Mites, Small Copper butterfly, Orange Tip butterfly, Antlion sandtrap. Also seen in the last few days by David Rous: A stoat, and some butterflies: Brimstone, Comma, Peacock, Tortoiseshell, Orangetip. Plants in flower - widespread flowering of Gorse, Green Alcanet, Ground Ivy, Field Speedwell, Violets, Climbing Corydalis, Storksbill, Dandelions, Blackthorn. ______

Easter Sunday, 16th April - Nightingale heard near the main Common noticeboard and a Holly Blue butterfly:

Wednesday 26th April - 2 or 3 Nightingales singing, Chiffchaffs, Chaffinches, Blackbirds, Wrens. ______

Nature Walk Saturday 20th May 11 people Birds - Turtle Dove, Nightingale, Swifts, Chiffchaff, Chaffinch, Crow, Magpie, Swallow, Cuckoo (heard), Wren, Wood Pigeon, Blackbird, Blackcap, Linnet Insects - Hawker Dragonfly, Bufftailed Bees, Common Carder Bees, Small Copper butterflies, M & F, Common Blue butterfly, Soldier beetle, Bee fly. (Also seen, the day before - Butterflies: Small Heath, Orange Tip and Comma.)

Soldier Beetle, Buckshorn Plaintain Silver-leaved Cinquefoil Spotted Medick

Flowering plants: - Bugloss, Dovesfoot Cranesbill, Storksbill, Buckshorn Plaintain, Sheeps Sorrel, Spotted Medick, Germander Speedwell, Fiddleneck, Wood Avens, pink/blue flowered Comfrey, Periwinkle, Hemlock, Alexanders, Common Vetch, Red Campion, Changing Forgetmenot, White Comfrey, Dog Rose, Hairy Tare(Little Vetch), Lesser Trefoil, Mouse Ear, Bramble, Hawthorn, Cat's Ear, Silver leaved Cinquefoil, Foxgloves - pink and white flowered, Mossy Stonecrop. Mosses - Polytrichum, Campylopus Fungi - Ear fungus, Brain fungus.

______Observations May 25th evening - Nightingale singing at top of Bakers Lane, and Turtle Dove churring. May 27th - Heath Bedstraw widespread on Old Football Field part of Common. June 4th evening - Turtle Dove, Blackbirds, Cuckoo, Chiffchaff. June 5th - dozens of Silver Studded Blue butterflies in several places on the Common. June 12th - Butterflies: Red Admiral, Small Heath, Silver Studded Blues. June 17th - Skipper butterfly Wall Pennywort

______Sunday June 18th

Moth Traps were set overnight next to the Railway Carriage by Clive Ireland and Jon Evans. At least 47 different species of moths were identified - see Appendix for full list.

Blotched Emerald moth

More Observations June 19th - very hot, still 30degC at 4pm. Butterflies - Small Heaths, Red Admiral, Tortoiseshell, Meadow Browns, Gatekeepers. Flowers - a carpet of Creeping Cinquefoil, Bird's Foot Trefoil, Scarlet Pimpernel, Heath Bedstraw(North Common) Birds - Turtle Dove churring, Chiffchaffs, Chaffinch, Greenfinches.

Turtle Dove

June 23rd - still warm, also breezy. Butterflies - Siver Studded Blues, Small Heath, Ringlet, Meadow Brown, Skipper. Dragonfly. Birds - Chiffchaffs, Chaffinch, Greenfinch. Flowers - Moth Mullein. ______

Nature Walk Saturday July 1st 9 people - weather sunny, war and a little breezy. Butterflies - Purple Hairstreak, Comma, Large Skipper, Small Skipper, Red Admiral, Large White, Common Blue, Meadow Brown, Tortoiseshell, Small Copper, Cinnabar caterpillars, Ringlet, Grayling. Bees - Tree bee, Bufftail, Chocolate Miner, Oak Miner, Vestal Cuckoo bumblebee, Common Carder, Bombus lepidarus,Wolf bee hole. Other insects - Hoverflies, Robber fly, Brown Hawker, Common Darter, Grasshopper, Parasitic wasp, Ruby-tailed wasp. Funnel Spider. Birds - Turtle Dove, Blackbird, Wood pigeon. Plants in flower - Ragwort, Creeping Thistle, Yarrow, Black Moor grass, Scarlet Pimpernel, Sheep's Sorrel, Moth Mullein, Foxgloves, Toadflax, St John's Wort.

Serious study of a bee species

Purple Hairstreak Butterfly ______Moth Trapping Session Saturday August 5th Traps set by Clive Ireland and Jon Evans 10 people (including 2 young children) came to view the moths -- species identified - see Appendix for list.

Also seen that day some early Parasol mushrooms amongst the heather:

Nature Walk Saturday September 2nd 5 people Butterflies - Large White, Small Heath, Speckled Wood, Tortoiseshell, Grayling, Small Copper, Purple Hairstreak, Gatekeeper. Other Insects - 7-spot Ladybird, Common Darter, Common Carder bee, Buff-tail Bumblebees, Southern Hawkers, Emerald Damsel Fly, Parasitic wasp, Bee Wolf, German wasp, Common Meadow Grasshopper, Heath Collet's bee, Heath bee, Honey bee. Spiders - Orb spider and a Wolf spider. Birds - Young Swallows, Chaffinch, Crow, Meadow Pipit, Blackbird. Plants in Flower and fruit - Bramble, Honeysuckle, Dog Rose, Common Cudweed, Elderberries, Hawberries, Bird's foot trefoil, Common Mullein, Storksbill, Centaury, St John's Wort, Ragwort, Yarrow,Western Gorse, Bell Heather, Ling, Scarlet Pimpernel, Herb Robert, Hoary Cinquefoil, Moth Mullein, Hawksbill.

Gatekeeper butterfly

______Other observations September 24th - many dragonflies, Small Copper butterflies, Parasol mushrooms and Fly Agaric fungi. September 30th - a hornet on slope to east of Ralph's Mill, Painted Lady butterfly October 13th - Small Copper and Red Admiral butterflies. October 25th and 29th - Fungi - Deceivers, Moor Club, Birch Bolete.

Last Nature Walk of the year - Saturday November 4th 6 people Birds - Goldcrest, Bluetit, Great Tit, Robin, Longtailed Tit, Redwing Flowers - Moth Mullein, Centaury. Insects - Buff-tailed bee Spiders Gorse mites Fungi - Pink Russula, Parasol, Galera, Oyster, Buttercap, Birch Bolete, Earthball, Turkeytail, Moor Club, Wax Cap, Candle snuff. More fungi were identified during the walk, and also on November 5th and 10th which are listed in the Appendix.

Wax Cap Fungus

The wildlife listed is by no means an exhaustive list of species seen on the Common, but is intended to give some idea of the variety that can be found during the year.

______

David Rous 2017 observations:

Butterflies - Peacock, Orange Tip, Comma, Holly Blue, Silver Studded Blue, Purple Hairstreak, Green Hairstreak, Large White, Green-veined White, Small Copper, Small Heath, Small Skipper, Large Skipper, Ringlet, Meadow Brown, Essex Skipper. Bees - Tree, Tawny Miner, Hairy Legged Flower, Early Bumble, Common Carder, Large Gorse Mining, Buff-tailed Bumble, Red-tailed Bumble, Heath Bumble, Oak Miner, Wool Carder, Heath Collette.

Also - Bloomed Grey Longhorn Beetle, Hawthorn Shieldbug, Oak Shieldbug.

Reptiles - 2 Adders on south side of Noddle, 2 Adders on S. edge of Old Football field. 4 Adders on SW corner of Common 1 Slow worm

Adder Photo David Rous

Slow Worm Photo David Rous

______APPENDIX

Silver Studded Blue Butterfly Counts 2017 by David Rous

DATE 14/06/17 19/06/17

Area 1 M 10 12 F 2 4 Area 2 M 3 1 F 0 0 Area 3 M 52 58 F 12 12 Area 4 M 13 5 F 3 1 Area 5 M 24 17 F 8 4 Area 6 M 13 32 F 4 8 Area 7 M 26 24 F 4 5 Area 8 M 24 20 F 6 3 Total Males (M) 165 169 Total Females (F) 39 37

See next page for map of Areas 1 - 8 on the Common

Map of Westleton Common showing areas of counts of Silver Studded Blue butterflies

FUNGI

Westleton Common Fungi 2013 - 2017 Latin Name Common Name 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Amanita fulva Tawny Grisette * Amanita gemmata Jewelled Amanita * * Amanita muscaria Fly Agaric * * * * * Amanita phalloides Deathcap * * * Amanita rubescens Blusher * * Armillaria mellea Honey Fungus * * * Ascocoryne sarcoides Purple Jellydisc * Auricularia auricula-judae Jelly Ear * * * * Bjerkandera adusta Smokey Bracket * Boletus chrysenteron Red-cracked Bolete * * * Byssomerulius corium Nettled Crust * Calocera cornea Small Stagshorn * Chlorociboria aeruginascens Green Elfcup Chondrostereum purpureum Silverleaf Fungus * * Clavaria argillacea Moor Club * * * * * Clavulina coralloides Crested Coral Clitocybe sp. * Clitocybe gibba Common Funnel Clitocybe nebularis Clouded Funnel * * Clitocybe rivulosa Fools Funnel * * Clitocybe vibecina Mealy Funnel * Clitopilus prunulus The Miller * Collybia butyracea Butter Cap * * * * * Collybia dryophila Russet Tough shank * * * Collybia erythropus Redleg Tough shank Collybia fusipes Spindle Toughshank Collybia maculata Spotted Toughshank * Collybia peronata Wood Woollyfoot Conocybe sp. * Coprinus disseminatus Fairy Inkcap * * Coprinus micaceus Glistening Inkcap * * Coprinus plicatilis Pleated Inkcap * * Cortinarius sp. Webcap * * * Crepidotus variabilis Variable Oysterling * * * * Cystoderma amianthinum Earthy Powdercap * * Dacrymyces stillatus Common Jellyspot * * Daedaleopsis confragosa Blushing Bracket * * * * * Entoloma sp. Pink Gill * Exidia glandulosa Witches Butter * Flammulina velutipes Velvet Shank * * * * * Ganoderma * Galerina hypnorum Moss Bell * Geoglossum sp. Earth Tongue Gymnopilus penetrans Common Rustgill * * Hebeloma crustuliniforme Poison Pie * Hemimycene sp. * Hygrocybe aurantiosplendens Orange Waxcap * Hygrocybe coccinea Scarlet Waxcap * * Hygrocybe virginea Snowy Waxcap * * Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca False Chanterelle * * * * Hymenoscyphus fructigenus Cup Fungus on acorn

Hypholoma fasciculare Sulphur Tuft * * * * Laccaria amethystina Amethyst Deceiver * * * Laccaria laccata The Deceiver * * * * * Laccaria proxima Scurfy Deceiver * Lactarius glyciosmus Coconut Milkcap Lactarius quietus Oak Milkcap Lactarius turpis Ugly Milkcap * * * * * Leccinum scabrum Brown Birch bolete * * Lepista flaccida Tawny Funnel * * Lepista nuda Wood Blewit * * * Leucocoprinus brebissoni Skullcap Dapperling * Lycoperdon nigrescens Dusky Puffball * * * Lycoperdon perlatum Common Puffball * * * * * Macrolepiota procera Parasol * * * * * Macrolepiota rhacodes Shaggy Parasol Macrotyphula fistulosa Pipe Club Marasmius androsaceus Horsehair Parachute * Melanoleuca polioleuca Common Cavalier * * * Melastiza cornubiensis Orange Cup Microsphaera alphitoides Oak Mildew Mycena aetites Drab Bonnet * Mycena epipterygia Yellowleg Bonnet * * * Mycena filopes Iodine Bonnet * * Mycena galericulata Common Bonnet * * Mycena galopus var. nigra Black milking Bonnet * * Mycena inclinata Clustered Bonnet Mycena olivaceomarginata Brownedge Bonnet * Mycena polygramma Grooved Bonnet * Mycena pura Lilac Bonnet * * * Octospora humosa ) Cup Fungi - * * Octospora rutilans ) with moss Polytrichum

sp. Otidea bufonia Toad’s Ear Otidea onotica Hare’s Ear * * Paxillus involutus Brown Roll-rim * * * * * Peniophora incarnata Rosycrust * * Phallus impudicus Stinkhorn * * Phellinus pomaceus Cushion Bracket * Phlebia tremellosa Jelly Rot * * * Pholiota highlandensis Bonfire Scalycap * Piptoporus betulinus Birch Polypore * * * Pleurotus ostreatus Oyster Mushroom * * * Pluteus cervinus Deer Shield * * Polyporus tuberaster Tuberous Polypore * * * * * Psathyrella piluliformis Common Stump

Brittlestem Psathyrella spadiceo-grisea Spring Brittlestem * Rhytisma acerinum Tar spot on sycamore * * * Rickenella fibula Orange moss cap * * * Russula spp. Brittle gill * * * Russula aeruginea Green Brittle gill * * * * Russula amoenolens * Russula atropurpurea Purple Brittle Gill * * Russula claroflava Yellow Swamp * Brittlegill Russula cyanoxantha Charcoal Burner * Scleroderma citrinum Common Earthball * * * * Sphaerobolus stellatus Shooting Star Stereum hirsutum Hairy Curtain Crust * * * * Thelephora terrestris Earth Fan * * * Trametes gibbosa Lumpy Bracket Trametes versicolor Turkeytail * * * * * Tremella mesenterica Yellow Brain Fungus * * * * * Tricholoma fulvum Birch Knight * Tricholoma sulphureum Sulphur Knight * * Volvariella gloiocephala Stubble Rosegill * Xerocomus chrysetera Smoky Bracket * * * * Xylaria hypoxylon Candlesnuff Fungus * * * *

Total numbers: 116 55 68 46 33 33 Sheila Francis Juliet Bullimore

Leccinum scabrum - Brown Birch Bolete

MOTHS

WESTLETON COMMON - MOTH RECORDS 2017 !

Check- 2017 19Mar 17Jun 04Aug list No.

MACRO MOTHS Hepialidae (Swift moths) 14 Hepialus humuli GHOST MOTH ! 1 Hepialus 15 sylvina ORANGE SWIFT Hepialus 17 lupulinus COMMON SWIFT

Cossidae (Leopard and goat moths) 161 Zeuzera pyrina LEOPARD MOTH

Lasiocampidae (Eggar moths) Malacosoma 1634 neutria LACKEY Lasiocampa 1637 quercus OAK EGGAR Macrothylacia 1638 rubi FOX MOTH ! 1 Euthrix 1640 potatoria DRINKER

Drepanidae (Hook-tips) Falcaria 1645 lacertinaria SCALLOPED HOOK-TIP ! 2 Watsonalla 1646 binaria OAK HOOK-TIP ! 3 Drepana 1648 falcataria PEBBLE HOOK-TIP ! 1 1651 Cillix glaucata CHINESE CHARACTER ! 1

Thyatiridae 1652 Thyatira batis PEACH BLOSSOM ! 1 Habrosyne 1653 pyritoides BUFF ARCHES ! 1 1654 Tethea ocularis FIGURE OF EIGHTY Achla 1659 flavicornis YELLOW-HORNED MOTH ! 1 Polyploca 1660 ridens FROSTED GREEN

Geometridae - Geometrinae (Emeralds) Pseudoterpna 1665 pruinata GRASS EMERALD Geometra 1666 papilonaria LARGE EMERALD ! 1 Comibaena 1667 bajularia BLOTCHED EMERALD ! 3

Geometridae - Sterrhinae (Mochas & Waves) Cyclophora 1677 albipunctata BIRCH MOCHA Cyclophora 1680 punctaria MAIDEN'S BLUSH ! 4 Timandra 1682 comae BLOOD-VEIN 1699 Idaea rusticata LEAST CARPET 1702 Idaea biselata SMALL FAN-FOOTED WAVE Idaea 1705 fuscovenosa DWARF CREAM WAVE ! 1 1707 Idaea seriata SMALL DUSTY WAVE ! 1 1708 Idaea dimidiata SINGLE-DOTTED WAVE Idaea 1711 trigeminata TREBLE BROWN SPOT ! 2 Idaea 1712 emarginata SMALL SCALLOP 1713 Idaea aversata RIBAND WAVE ! 4 2

Geometridae - Larentinnae (Carpets, pugs & allies) Xanthorhae 1724 spadicearia RED TWIN-SPOT CARPET Xanthorhae 1726 quadrifasiata LARGE TWIN-SPOT CARPET Epirrhoe 1738 alternata COMMON CARPET Camptogramma 1742 bilineata YELLOW SHELL 1746 Anticlea batiata SHOULDER STRIPE ! 1 Eulithis 1758 pyraliata BARRED STRAW Chloroclysta COMMON MARBLED CARPET 1764 truncata 1765 Cidaria fulvata BARRED YELLOW Thera 1768 obeliscata GREY PINE CARPET ! 1 Thera 1769 britannica SPRUCE CARPET Electrophates 1773 corylata BROKEN-BARRED CARPET Colostygia 1776 pectinataria GREEN CARPET Perizoma 1808 flavofasciata SANDY CARPET Eupithecia 1817 pulchellata FOXGLOVE PUG Eupithecia 1819 irriguata MOTTLED PUG Eupithecia 1825 centaureata LIME-SPECK PUG ! 1 Eupithecia 1832 assimilata CURRANT PUG ! 1 Eupithecia 1834 vulgata COMMON PUG Eupithecia 1837 subfuscata GREY PUG Eupithecia 1838 icterata TAWNY SPECKLED PUG ! 1 Eupithecia 1839 succenturiata BORDERED PUG Eupithecia 1846 nanata NARROW-WINGED PUG ! 3 Eupithecia 1852 abbreviata BRINDLED PUG Eupithecia 1853 dodoneata OAK-TREE PUG Chloroclystis v- 1858 ata V-PUG Pasiphila 1860 rectangulata GREEN PUG ! 2 Gymnoscelis 1862 rufifasciata DOUBLE-STRIPED PUG ! 2 Aplocera 1867 plagiata TREBLE-BAR ! 1 1883 Acasis viretata YELLOW-BARRED BRINDLE

Geometridae - Ennominae (Thorns, beauties, umbers & allies) Lomaspilis 1887 marginata CLOUDED BORDER 1889 Macaria notata PEACOCK MOTH ! 2 Macaria 1890 alternata SHARP-ANGLED PEACOCK ! 3 1893 Macaria liturata TAWNY-BARRED ANGLE ! 1 Chiasmia 1894 clathrata LATTICED HEATH Petrophera 1902 chlorosata BROWN SILVER-LINE ! 4 Plagodis 1904 dolabraria SCORCHED WING Opisthograptis 1906 luteolata BRIMSTONE MOTH ! 4 Apeira 1910 syringaria LILAC BEAUTY Ennomos 1913 alniraria CANARY-SHOULDERED THORN Ennomos 1914 fuscantaria DUSKY THORN Selenia 1917 dentaria EARLY THORN ! 1 1 Crocallis 1921 elinguaria SCALLOPED OAK ! 2 Ourapteryx 1922 samucaria SWALLOW-TAILED MOTH 1930 Biston strataria OAK BEAUTY ! 1 1931 Biston betularia PEPPERED MOTH Erannis 1935 defoliaria MOTTLED UMBER Menophra 1936 abruptaria WAVED UMBER Peribatodes 1937 rhomboidaria WILLOW BEAUTY ! 1 2 1941 Alcis rependata MOTTLED BEAUTY Hypomecis 1944 punctinalis PALE OAK BEAUTY Ectropis 1947 bistortata ENGRAILED ! 1 Ematurga 1952 atomaria COMMON HEATH 1955 Cabera pusaria COMMON WHITE WAVE Lomographa 1958 temerata CLOUDED SILVER ! 4 Campaea 1961 margaritata LIGHT EMERALD ! 1 1962 Hylaea fasciaria BARRED RED ! 1 Perconia 1970 strigillaria GRASS WAVE

Sphinginae - Sphingae (Hawkmoths) 1976 Sphinx ligustri PRIVET HAWKMOTH ! 1 Hyloicus 1978 pinastri PINE HAWKMOTH

Sphinginae - Smerinthinae (Hawkmoths) 1979 Mimas tiliae LIME HAWKMOTH Smerinthus 1980 ocellata EYED HAWKMOTH ! 1 1981 Laothoe populi POPLAR HAWKMOTH ! 1 2

Sphinginae - Macroglossinae (Hawkmoths) 1987 Hyles gallii BEDSTRAW HAWKMOTH Deilephila 1991 elpenor ELEPHANT HAWKMOTH ! 3 1 Deilephila 1992 porcellus SMALL ELEPHANT HAWKMOTH

Notodontidae - Notodontinae (Prominents & kitten moths) 1997 Furcula furcula SALLOW KITTEN Notodonta 2000 dromedarius IRON PROMINENT ! 3 Notodonta 2003 ziczac PEBBLE PROMINENT 2006 Pheosia gnoma LESSER SWALLOW PROMINENT ! 4 Pheosia 2007 tremula SWALLOW PROMINENT Ptilodon 2008 capucina COXCOMB PROMINENT Pterostoma 2011 palpina PALE PROMINENT ! 2 Drymonia 2014 dodonaea MARBLED BROWN ! 1 Drymonia 2015 ruficornis LUNAR MARBLED BROWN

Notodontidae - Phalerinae (Buff-tip) Phalera 1994 bucephala BUFF-TIP ! 2

Notodontidae - Heterocampinae (Lobster Moth and Great Prominent) 1999 Stauropus fagi LOBSTER MOTH 2005 Peridea anceps GREAT PROMINENT

Lymantriidae (Tussock moths) Calliteara 2028 pudibunda PALE TUSSOCK Euproctis 2029 chrysorrhoea BROWN-TAIL ! 1 2030 Euproctis simils YELLOW-TAIL ! 3 2031 Leucoma salicis WHITE SATIN MOTH Lymantria 2033 monacha BLACK ARCHES ! 6

Arctidae - Arctinae (Tiger moths, ermines, footman moths & allies) Miltochrista 2037 miniata ROSY FOOTMAN ! 3 Eilema 2043 sororcula ORANGE FOOTMAN 2044 Eilema griseola DINGY FOOTMAN ! 1 11 Eilema 2047 complana SCARCE FOOTMAN ! 3 Eilema 2049 depressa BUFF FOOTMAN ! 4 2050 Eilema lurideola COMMON FOOTMAN ! 1 2 2051 Lithosia quadra FOUR-SPOTTED FOOTMAN 2058 Arctia villica CREAM-SPOT TIGER ! 1 Spilosoma 2061 luteum BUFF ERMINE ! 2 Spilosoma 2062 urticae WHITE ERMINE Diaphora 2063 mendica MUSLIN MOTH Phragmatobia 2064 fuliginosa RUBY TIGER ! 4 2069 Tyria jacobaeae CINNABAR

Nolidae Meganola 2076 albula KENT BLACK ARCHES Nola 2077 cucullatella SHORT-CLOAKED MOTH 2078 Nola confusalis LEAST BLACK ARCHES

Noctuidae - Noctuinae (Darts, yellow underwings & clays) 2081 Euxoa obelisca WHITE-LINE DART ! 2 Agrotis 2085 vestigalis ARCHER'S DART Agrotis 2087 segetum TURNIP MOTH 2088 Agrotis clavis HEART AND CLUB ! 6 Agrotis 2089 exclamationis HEART AND DART ! 3 2091 Agrotis ipsilon DARK SWORD-GRASS 2092 Agrotis puta SHUTTLE-SHAPED DART ! 2 2098 Axylia putris FLAME Ochropleura 2102 plecta FLAME SHOULDER ! 5 2107 Noctua pronuba LARGE YELLOW UNDERWING ! 2 4 2108 Noctua orbona LUNAR YELLOW UNDERWING 2109 Noctua comes LESSER YELLOW UNDERWING ! 5 Noctua 2110 fimbriata BROAD-BORDERED YELLOW UNDWNG LESSR BRD-BORDRD YELLW 2111 Noctua janthe UNDWNG ! 3 Eugnorisma 2117 glareosa AUTUMNAL RUSTIC Lycophotia 2118 porphyrea TRUE LOVER'S KNOT ! 6 2120 Diarsia mendica INGRAILED CLAY 2123 Diarsia rubi SMALL SQUARE-SPOT SETACEOUS HEBREW 2126 Xestia c-nigrum CHARACTER ! 2 2 Xestia 2127 ditrapezium TRIPLE-SPT. CLAY Xestia 2128 triangulum DOUBLE SQUARE-SPOT ! 2 Xestia 2131 rhomboidea SQUARE-SPOTTED CLAY Xestia sexstrigata SIX-STRIPE RUSTIC Xestia 2134 xanthographa SQUARE-SPOT RUSTIC 2135 Xestia agathina HEATH RUSTIC Cerastis 2139 rubricosa RED CHESTNUT

Noctuidae - Hadeninae (Brocades, quakers, leaf-eating wainscots) 2145 Dicestra trifolii NUTMEG 2147 Hada plebeja SHEARS 2150 Polia nebulosa GREY ARCHES ! 3 Sideridis 2152 albicolon WHITE COLON Mamestra 2154 brassicae CABBAGE MOTH ! 2 Melanchra 2155 persicariae DOT MOTH Lacanobia w- 2157 latinum LIGHT BROCADE Conistra 2158 vaccinii CHESTNUT ! 5 Lacanobia 2159 suasa DOG'S TOOTH Lacanobia 2160 oleracea BRIGHT-LINE BROWN-EYE ! 1 1 2163 Melanchra pisi BROOM MOTH 2173 Hadena bicruris LYCHNIS ! 1 Cerapteryx 2176 graminis ANTLER MOTH 2177 Tholea cespitis HEDGE RUSTIC Tholea 2178 decimalis FEATHERED GOTHIC 2182 Orthosia cruda SMALL QUAKER ! 7 2186 Orthosia gracilis POWDERED QUAKER 2187 Orthosia cerasi COMMON QUAKER ! 1 2188 Orthosia incerta CLOUDED DRAB ! 3 Orthosia 2190 gothica HEBREW CHARACTER ! 2 Mythimna 2193 ferrago CLAY ! 1 Mythimna 2194 albipuncta WHITE POINT ! 1 Mythimna 2196 pudorina STRIPED WAINSCOT Mythimna 2197 straminea SOUTHERN WAINSCOT Mythimna 2198 impura SMOKY WAINSCOT ! 1 Mythimna 2199 pallens COMMON WAINSCOT ! 3 Mythimna 2205 comma SHOULDER-STRIPED WAINSCOT ! 2

Noctuidae - Cucullinae (Sharks, shoulder-knots & allies) Cucullia 2216 umbratica SHARK Shargacucullia 2221 verbasci MULLEIN Aporophyla 2232 nigra BLACK RUSTIC Xylocampa 2243 areola EARLY GREY ! 5 Polymixis 2255 lichenea FEATHERED RANUNCULUS

Noctuidae - Acronictinae (Chestnuts, sallows, daggers) Agrochola 2265 helvola FLOUNCED CHESTNUT 2266 Agrochola litura BROWN-SPOT PINION Parastichtis 2268 suspecta SUSPECTED Atethmia 2269 centrago CENTRE-BARRED SALLOW Omphaloscelis 2270 lumosa LUNAR UNDERWING 2273 Xanthia togata PINK-BARRED SALLOW 2274 Xanthia icteritia SALLOW Acronicta 2278 megacephala POPLAR GREY ! 1 2279 Acronicta aceris SYCAMORE Acronicta 2280 leporina MILLER 2283 Acronicta psi GREY DAGGER ! 1 Acronicta 2289 rumicis KNOT GRASS Craniophora 2291 ligustri CORONET

Noctuidae - Bryophilinae Cryphia 2293 domestica MARBLED BEAUTY 2295 Cryphia muralis MARBLED GREEN

Noctuidae - Amphipyrinae (Arches, brindles, minors, rustics and allies) Amphipyra sp. SVENSSON'S COPPER UNDERWING Amphipyra COPPER UNDERWING 2297 pyramidea Dypterygia 2301 scabriuscula BIRD'S WING Rusina 2302 ferruginea BROWN RUSTIC ! 2 Thalpophila 2303 matura STRAW UNDERWING Euplexia 2305 lucipara SMALL ANGLE SHADES ! 1 Phlogophora 2306 meticulosa ANGLE SHADES Cosmia 2318 trapezina DUN-BAR ! 3 2319 Cosmia pyralina LUNAR-SPOTTED PINION Apammea 2321 monoglypha DARK ARCHES ! 3 Apammea 2322 lithoxylaea LIGHT ARCHES Apamea 2326 crenata CLOUDED-BORDERED BRINDLE Apamea 2327 epomidion CLOUDED BRINDLE ! 1 2330 Apamea furva DUSKY BROCADE Apammea 2334 sordens RUSTIC SHOULDER-KNOT Apammea 2335 scolopuncta SLENDER BRINDLE 2337 Oligia strigilis MARBLED MINOR ! 1 2338 Oligia versicolor RUFOUS MINOR 2339 Oligia latruncula TAWNY MARBLED MINOR Mesoligia 2341 furuncula CLOAKED MINOR 2342 Mesoligia ROSY MINOR ! 1 literosa Mesapamea 2343 secalis COMMON RUSTIC Eremobia 2352 ochroleuca DUSKY SALLOW Luperina 2353 testacea FLOUNCED RUSTIC Hydraecia 2361 micacea ROSY RUSTIC Globia 2373 sparganii WEBB'S WAINSCOT 2375 Rhizedra lutosa LARGE WAINSCOT Arenostola 2377 phragmitidis FEN WAINSCOT Charanyca 2380 trigammica TREBLE LINES Hoplodrina 2381 alsines UNCERTAIN ! 1 Hoplodrina 2382 blanda RUSTIC Hoplodrina 2384 ambigua VINE'S RUSTIC Caradrina 2387 morpheus MOTTLED RUSTIC

Noctuidae - Heliothinae Protodeltote 2410 pygarga MARBLED WHITE SPOT

Noctuidae - Eariadinae 2418 Earias clorana CREAM-BORDERED GREEN PEA

Noctuidae - Chloephorinae Pseudops 2422 prasinana GREEN SILVER-LINES

Noctuidae - Plusiinae (Silver and Gold Ys and brasses) Diachrysia 2433 chrysitis BURNISHED BRASS ! 1 Autographer 2441 gamma SILVER Y Autographer 2443 pulchrina PLAIN GOLDEN Y Abrostola 2450 tripartita SPECTACLE ! 1 3

Noctuidae - Ophiderinae Scoliopteryx 2469 libatrix HERALD

Noctuidae - Rivulinae 2473 Laspeyria BEAUTIFUL HOOK-TIP flexula Rivula 2474 sericealis STRAW DOT ! 2 3

Noctuidae - Hypeninae (Snouts) Hypena 2477 proboscidalis SNOUT

Noctuidae - Herminiinae (Fan-foots) Zanclognatha 2489 tarsipennalis FAN-FOOT Herminia 2491 tarsicrinalis SHADED FAN-FOOT Herminia 2492 grisealis SMALL FAN-FOOT ! 2

MICRO MOTHS

6 Eriocrania subpurpurella Stigmella 84 ruficapitella Monopis 228 weaverella ! 1 247 Tinea trinotella Caloptilia 286 alchimiella ! 3 296 Calybites phasianipennella Parornix 301 betulae 319 Phyllonorycter kuhlweiniella Argyresthia 411 goedartella Argyresthia 417 spinosella Yponomeuta 424 evonymella BIRD-CHERRY ERMINE ! 1 Yponomeuta 427 cagnagella SPINDLE ERMINE ! 1 437 Swammerdamia caesiella Plutella 464 xylostella DIAMOND-BACK MOTH Coleophora 544 albicosta Elachista 607 canapennella Elachista 610 argentella ! 1 641 Batia lambdella Crassa (Batia) 642 unitella Hofmannophila 647 psuedospretella BROWN HOUSE MOTH Carcina 658 quercana ! 3 663 Diurnea flagella ! 11 Agonopterix 704 scopariella BROOM FLAT-BODY Agonopterix 706 nervosa Monochroa 728 cytisella Eulaprotes 733 wilkella Stenolechia 755 gemmella Recurvaria 758 leucatella Teleiodes 774 luculella ! 1 Teleiopsis 776 diffinis Bryotropha 787 terrella Mirificarma 792 mulinella 861 Helcystogramma rufescens Brachmia 867 inornatella 873 Blastobasis (lignea) adustella 874 Blastobasis (decorella) lacticolella Agapeta 937 hamana Aethes 946 rubigana Aethes 951 beatricella Cochylis 966 atricapitana ! 2 Pandemis CHEQUERED FRUIT-TREE 969 corylana TORTRIX ! 1 Pandemis 970 cerasana BARRED FRUIT-TREE TORTRIX 977 Archips podana LARGE FRUIT-TREE TORTRIX ! 4 989 Aphelia paleana TIMOTHY TORTRIX Epiphyas 998 postvittana LIGHT-BROWN APPLE MOTH ! 5 Adoxophyes 999 orana SUMMER FRUIT TORTRIX 1001 Lozotaeniodes formosanus Epagoge 1006 grotiana Ditula 1010 angustiorana RED-BARRED TORTRIX 1015 Eulia ministrana Cnephasia 1016 longana Aleimma 1032 loeflingiana ! 1 1033 Tortrix viridana GREEN OAK TORTRIX ! 5 1036 Acleris forsskaleana 1038 Acleris laterana ! 3 Acleris 1039 comariana STRAWBERRY TORTRIX Acleris 1042 rhombana RHOMBOID TORTRIX Acleris 1048 variegana GARDEN ROSE TORTRIX Celypha 1076 lacunana 1082 Hedya pruniana PLUM TORTRIX Hedya 1083 nubiferana MARBLED ORCHARD TORTRIX Apotomis 1092 turbidana Apotomis 1093 betuletana Apotomis 1094 capreana ! 1 Ancylis 1115 achatana ! 1126 Ancylis badiana Gypsonoma 1168 dealbana Epiblema 1174 cynosbatella Epiblema 1175 uddmanniana BRAMBLE SHOOT MOTH ! 1 3 Epiblema 1184 scutulana 1201 Ecosma cana Lathronympha 1219 strigana Pammene 1233 aurita Pammene 1234 regiana Pammene 1236 fasciana 1255 Cydia ulicetana Cydia 1260 splendana ! 2 Chrysoteuchia 1293 culmella GARDEN GRASS VENEER ! 2 Crambus 1294 pascuella ! 2 Crambus 1302 perlella ! 6 Agriphila 1304 straminella Agriphila 1305 tristella ! 1 Agriphila 1306 inquinatella Agrriphila latistria Agriphila 1309 geniculea Catoptria 1313 pinella ! 1 Catoptria 1316 falsella Pediasia 1323 contaminella ! 1 Platytes 1325 alpinella Acentria 1331 ephemerella WATER VENEER Scoparia 1332 subfusca Scoparia 1334 ambigualis 1338 Eudonia (Dipleurina) lacustrata Eudonia 1344 mercurella ! 1 Elophila 1345 nymphaeata BROWN CHINA-MARK Parapoynx 1348 stratiotata RINGED CHINA-MARK Nymphula 1350 stagnata BEAUTIFUL CHINA-MARK ! 2 Evergestis 1356 forficalis GARDEN PEBBLE Pyrausta 1362 purpuralis ! 1 Eurrhypara 1376 hortulata SMALL MAGPIE ! 2 Phlyctaenia 1378 coronata 1390 Udea prunalis 1392 Udea olivalis 1395 Udea ferrugalis RUSTY-DOT PEARL Nomophila 1398 noctuella RUSH VENEER Pleuoptya 1405 ruralis MOTHER OF PEARL ! 1 9 Synaphe 1414 punctalis 1415 Hypsopygia (Orthopygia) glaucinalis Endotricha 1424 flammealis Aphomia 1428 sociella BEE MOTH Cryptoblabes 1433 bistraga Acrobasis 1436 repandana Trachycera 1439 advenella ! 2 Pempelia 1442 palumbella ! 1 1443 Pempelia ! 1 genistella 1449 Elegia similella Matilella (Pyla) 1451 fusca Phycita 1452 roborella Dioryctria 1454 abietella ! 1 Euzophera 1470 pinguis 1474 Ephestia (parasitella) unicolorella Phycitodes 1483 binaevella Stenoptilia 1509 pterodactyla BROWN PLUME

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Elephant Hawkmoth

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All photos, unless otherwise ascribed, were taken by Juliet Bullimore who also prepared this report.

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