Keyboard layout for “IPA 6… MAC”

This is a keyboard for typing IPA (International Phonetic ) characters in your documents. It is a copy of the SIL MSKLC keyboard for Windows, adapted for Macintosh users.

Note that not all characters in this document will display properly since there is no OpenType support in Microsoft Word for Macintosh. Proper rendering of characters requires either OpenType or Graphite support in your Macintosh application. See Fonts below for recommended fonts. Installing the Keyboard

The keyboard driver can only be installed on Macintosh or higher. This Unicode keyboard will only work with Unicode applications. To install the keyboard: • Download the disk image and double-click. • Drag the “IPA Unicode 6…MAC.keylayout” file to your Library\Keyboard Layouts folder. • Log-off and back on. • Go to System Preferences. Choose International. • Click the Input Menu tab. • Scroll down til you find the keyboard “IPA Unicode 6…MAC” and click to check- mark the box beside it. • Close System Preferences.

IPA Unicode 6.2 (v1.5) MAC Keyboard.docx Page 1 of 21 7 March 2013 Uninstalling the Keyboard

When you are ready to uninstall your keyboard: • Go to System Preferences. Choose International. • Scroll down til you find the keyboard “IPA Unicode 6…MAC” and click to un-check the box beside it. • Close System Preferences. • Log-off and back on. • Go to your Library\Keyboard Layouts folder and remove the file “IPA Unicode 6…MAC.keylayout.” The keyboard has been uninstalled. You may also wish to delete the disk image and folder to remove the files. Feedback

Feedback on this keyboard is requested. Contact: [email protected]. Include details of your operating system, the exact name of the keyboard, and a description of the issue. Fonts

The newest versions of Doulos SIL ( http://scripts.sil.org/DoulosSILfont ) and Charis SIL (http://scripts.sil.org/CharisSILfont ) contain all of the characters used in this keyboard. Older versions may not have all of the characters. Upstep and Downstep were in SIL’ corporate PUA and will not likely be found in any other font, until those fonts have been updated for Unicode 6.1. The pitch contours (found on the number keys with the = deadkey) are also in SIL’s corporate PUA and will not likely be found in any other font. Ligation for the pitch contours will only work in applications which support Graphite. A description of the pitch contours can be found here: http://scripts.sil.org/DoulosSIL_download#pitch . Source Files

The source files are available on the website http://scripts.sil.org if you wish to modify this keyboard. “IPA KLM #.txt” is the source for the KeyLayoutMaker program, also available at the same site. “IPA Unicode 6…MAC Keyboardv#.doc” is the Microsoft Word source for this document. You may find this useful for creating your own IPA charts.

IPA Unicode 6.2 (v1.5) MAC Keyboard.docx Page 2 of 21 7 March 2013 Keyboard Layout

This keyboard makes extensive use of “dead keys.” A “dead key” is a key that does not generate a character, but rather changes the character generated by a following keystroke. For example, in this keyboard, to get the “ ŋ”,you would type the dead key “>” followed by the “” (>n ). On the following charts, yellow shading indicates a deadkey:

In order to get the actual character where the dead key is, you should type a space after the dead key. For example, to get an “>” you must type “>” followed by a space. The charts on the following pages show the layout of the different “states” of the keyboard. At the top of each page you will see the deadkey for that page. You will need to type the deadkey preceding the character on the chart.

State: NORMAL

` 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - = Bksp

` 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - = U P [ ] \ Tab

q w e r t y u i o p [ ] \ A S ; ' Caps Enter

a s d f g h j k l ; ' X V N , . / Shift Shift

z x c v b n m , . /

Ctrl Alt Alt Ctrl

State: SHIFT

` 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - = ~ ! @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) _ + Bksp

Q W E R T Y U I O P [ ] \ Tab Q W E R T Y U I O P { } |

A S D F G H J K L ; ' Caps A S D F G H J K L : " Enter

Z X C V B N M , . / Shift Z X C V B N M < > ? Shift

Ctrl Alt Alt Ctrl

IPA Unicode 6.2 (v1.5) MAC Keyboard.docx Page 3 of 21 7 March 2013 For the following charts, top right of each key is shifted and bottom right is unshifted .

Deadkey >

` 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - = ǂ Bksp

◌ Q W E R T Y U I O P [ ] \ Tab ɶ ʁ ᵾ ᵼ ɤ ˈ

ʠ ɰ ɜ ɾ ƭ ʌ ø ƥ A S D F G H J K L ; ' Caps ᴂ ʛ ɧ ɺ Enter

ɐ σ ɗ ɠ ħ ʄ ƙ ɮ ʼ Z X C V B N M , . / Shift Shift

ʑ ƈ ɓ ŋ ɱ

Ctrl Alt Alt Ctrl

Deadkey <

` 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - ǀ = Bksp

Q W E R T Y U I O P [ ] \ Tab ʢ œ ɻ ᵻ ɞ ˌ

ⱳ ɛ ɽ ʈ ɥ ʊ ɔ A S D F G H J K L ; ' Caps ʎ ˑ Enter

æ ʂ ɖ ɡ ɦ ʝ ɭ ʻ Z X C V B N M , . / Shift ʕ Shift

ʐ ɕ ⱱ ɳ |

Ctrl Alt Alt Ctrl

Deadkey =

` 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - = ǁ ‿ Bksp

         ∅ Q W E R T Y U I O P [ ] \ Tab ʡ ɘ ʀ ʉ ɨ ɵ

ʍ ə ɹ θ ʏ ɯ ɪ ɒ ʘ A S D F G H J K L ; ' Caps ᶘ ɢ ʜ ʟ ː Enter

ɑ ʃ ð ɸ ɣ ɥ ɟ ɬ ʽ Z X C V B N M , . / Shift ᶚ ʙ ɴ → ʔ Shift

ʒ χ ç ʋ β ɲ ‖

Ctrl Alt Alt Ctrl

IPA Unicode 6.2 (v1.5) MAC Keyboard.docx Page 4 of 21 7 March 2013 Deadkey |

` 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - = ǃ Bksp

Q W E T Y U I P [ ] \ Tab ᴇ R ʇ ʯ O

ʚ ȶ ʮ ɷ ɩ ◌ ˞ ◌̚ A S D F G H J K L ; ' Caps ᴀ Enter

α ȡ ђ ȴ Z X C V B N M , . / Shift ʅ Shift

ɿ ȵ

Ctrl Alt Alt Ctrl

Deadkey ~ (velarized or pharyngealized)

` 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - = Bksp

Q W E R T Y U I O P [ ] \ Tab ᵳ

ᵲ ᵵ ᵱ A S D F G H J K L ; ' Caps Enter

ᵴ ᵭ ᵮ ɫ Z X C V B N M , . / Shift Shift

ᵶ ᵬ ᵰ ᵯ

Ctrl Alt Alt Ctrl

Deadkey @ (combining marks above and palatal hooks)

` 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - = ◌̃ ◌̊ ◌̂ ◌̆ ◌̽ Bksp

◌̀ ◌̄ ◌́ ◌̋ ◌̌ ◌᷄ ◌᷅ ◌᷆ ◌᷇ ◌̏ Q W E R T Y U I O P [ ] \ Tab ◌ ̍

ᶉ ᶈ ◌ ᷈ ◌ ᷉ A S D F G H J K L ; ' Caps ᶋ ◌ ̐ ◌ ̈ Enter

ᶊ ᶁ ᶂ ᶃ ᶄ ᶅ Z X C V B N M , . / Shift Shift

ᶎ ᶍ ᶌ ᶀ ᶇ ᶆ ◌ ̇

Ctrl Alt Alt Ctrl

IPA Unicode 6.2 (v1.5) MAC Keyboard.docx Page 5 of 21 7 March 2013 Deadkey & (left bars, combining marks below and retroflex hooks)

` 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - = ◌ ̰ ◌ ͈ ◌ ͜◌ ◌ ͡◌ ◌ ᷂ ◌ ̥ ◌ ̯ ◌ ̜ ◌ ̹ ◌ ̠ ◌ ̟ Bksp

꜕ ꜔ ꜓ ꜒ ◌ ̬ ◌ ̝ ◌ ̞ ◌ ̘ ◌ ̙ ꜖ Q W E R T Y U I O P [ ] \ Tab ᶓ ◌ ̻ ◌ ̼ ◌ ̩

ᶒ ᶙ ᶖ ᶗ ◌ ̪ ◌ ̺ A S D F G H J K L ; ' Caps ᶐ ◌ ̤ Enter

ᶏ ᶘ ᶑ Z X C V B N M , . / Shift ᶕ Shift

ᶚ ᶔ ◌ ̧ ◌ ̣

Ctrl Alt Alt Ctrl

Deadkey ^ (superscript)

` 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - = ⁽ ⁾ ⁺ Bksp

¹ ² ³ ⁴ ⁵ ⁶ ⁷ ⁸ ⁹ ⁰ ⁻ ⁼ Q W E R T Y U I O P [ ] \ Tab ᵚ ᵊ ʶ  ᶷ ᶦ ᵓ

ʷ ᵉ ʳ ᵗ ʸ ᵘ ⁱ ᵒ ᵖ A S D F G H J K L ; ' Caps ᵄ ᶳ ᶞ ᶲ ᶢ ʱ ᶨ ᶫ Enter

ᵃ ˢ ᵈ ᶠ ᵍ ʰ ʲ ᵏ ˡ Z X C V B N M , . / Shift ᶽ  ᶝ ᶺ ᵝ ᶰ ᶬ ˀ Shift

ᶻ ˣ ᶜ ᵛ ᵇ ⁿ ᵐ

Ctrl Alt Alt Ctrl

Deadkey # (right tone bars, arrows and superscript)

` 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - = Bksp

˨ ˧ ˦ ˥ ˩ Q W E R T Y U I O P [ ] \ Tab ᵋ ʵ ᶣ  ↘ ↗

ᶟ ʴ ᶿ  ᶶ ᶤ ᶱ ꜜ ꜛ A S D F G H J K L ; ' Caps ᶛ  ᶮ Enter

ᵅ ᶴ  ˠ  ᶡ ᶩ Z X C V B N M , . / Shift ᶾ   ᶯ ˤ Shift

ᶼ  ᶹ ᵆ ᵑ ᶭ

Ctrl Alt Alt Ctrl

IPA Unicode 6.2 (v1.5) MAC Keyboard.docx Page 6 of 21 7 March 2013 IPA Keyboard Layout

The keyboard layout is described in terms of an IPA chart rather than a keyboard. This is because many base characters are typed as a sequence of a letter followed by one of <, >, = or | which are characters used to change a base character to another base character. are typed as sequences of an appropriate key. Blue denotes non-IPA sanctioned phonetic symbols (they may be used by other traditions such as Americanist, Chinese or Russian). Consonants Labio - Post - Bilabial Dental Alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Glottal dental alveolar Plosive p p t t ʈ m n n ɳ n ɴ =N Trill ʙ =B r r ʀ =R Tap or Flap ⱱ1 r ɽ h h h β =b v v ð =d z z ʒ =z ʐ R ʕ l Approximate ʋ =v ɹ =r ɻ w Lateral l

1 This requires the use of Charis SIL ( http://scripts.sil.org/CharisSILfont ) or Doulos SIL ( http://scripts.sil.org/DoulosSILfont ).

IPA Unicode 6.2 (v1.5) MAC Keyboard.docx Page 7 of 21 7 March 2013 Other Consonants Other Symbols Clicks Voiced implosives ʍ =w Vl labial-velar fricative ɕ b Bilabial w w >z Vd alveolo-palatal fricative ʘ ɓ approximant ʑ d Dental/alveolar ɥ ɺ >L Vd alveolar lateral flap ǀ ɗ =h approximant |! >j ǃ (Post)alveolar ʄ Palatal ʜ =H Vl epiglottal fricative ɧ >H Simultaneous ʃ and x ǂ >! Palatoalveolar ɠ >g Velar ʢ G Uvular ʡ =Q Vd epiglottal plosive

Vowels Suprasegmentals Front Central Back ˈ >| Primary stress Unrounded Rounded Unrounded Rounded Unrounded Rounded <| Secondary stress Close i y =I =U =u u ˌ i y ɨ ʉ ɯ u =: Near-close ɪ =i ʏ =y ʊ o ɘ =E ɵ =O ɤ >O o o eˑ Half long =:=: Mid ə =e eːː Extra long @* Open-mid ɛ e ɞ u ɔ a | Minor (foot) group =. Open a a ɶ >E ɑ =a ɒ =o ‖ Major (intonation) group . . Syllable break ‿ =# Linking (absence of a break)

IPA Unicode 6.2 (v1.5) MAC Keyboard.docx Page 8 of 21 7 March 2013 Other (non-IPA) Vowels Other (non-IPA) ᴂ >A α |a open central unrounded vowel ɩ |i near-close near-front unrounded ᴀ |A open central unrounded Symbols >I |z unrounded alveolar apical ᵼ ɿ >c vl palatal implosive lower -high central unrounded ƈ U high front rounded ʮ rounded alveolar apical ђ |h vd pharyngeal nasal |u near-close back rounded ʯ |Y rounded retroflex apical ɷ ƙ >k vl velar implosive ᴇ |E mid front unrounded |l front-palatal vd lateral ʚ |e open-mid front rounded ȴ approximate ȵ |n front-palatal vd nasal Tone and Word accents ƥ >p vl bilabial implosive Level 2 Contour 3 ʠ >q vl uvular implosive ˥ #4 e̋ @4 Extra high #0#4 ě @5 Rising ᶘ =S vl retroflex postalveolar fricative ˦ #3 é @3 High #4#0 ê @^ Falling ƭ >t vl dental or alveolar implosive ˧ #2 ē @2 Mid #2#4 e᷄ @6 High rising ȶ |t front-palatal vl plosive ˨ #1 è @1 Low #1#2 e᷅ @7 Low rising #1#4# |T dental click #0 @0 @[ ʇ ˩ ȅ Extra low 1 e᷈ Rising-falling ⱳ7

Tone numbers and pitch contours (non-IPA) ##1 ##2 ##3 ##4 ##5 ##6 6          ##7 ##8 ##9 Level pitch contours from 1 to 9 ³ ^3 (0-9) superscript number ⁻ ^- superscript

2 Use “ &” for Left-stem level tones, e.g. “ &0 ” becomes A712 ( ꜒). 3 Glides to and from any level (e.g. “ #3#2” becomes ) and any sequence of any two glides (e.g. “ #3#1#4” becomes ). 4 This requires the use of Charis SIL ( http://scripts.sil.org/CharisSILfont ) or Doulos SIL (http://scripts.sil.org/DoulosSILfont ).

5 This requires the use of Charis SIL ( http://scripts.sil.org/CharisSILfont ) or Doulos SIL 7 (http://scripts.sil.org/DoulosSILfont ). This requires the use of Charis SIL (http://scripts.sil.org/CharisSILfont 6 These require the use of Charis SIL ( http://scripts.sil.org/CharisSILfont ) or Doulos SIL ) or Doulos SIL (http://scripts.sil.org/DoulosSILfont ) version 4.1 or greater. They will turn into contours if used (http://scripts.sil.org/DoulosSILfon in Graphite applications. t).

IPA Unicode 6.2 (v1.5) MAC Keyboard.docx Page 9 of 21 7 March 2013

Diacritics & Suprasegmentals &[ kʰ ^h Aspirated t ̪ Dental &] tʷ ^w Labialised t ̺ Apical &{ tʲ ^j Palatalised t ̻ Laminal &} lˠ #g Velarised t ̼ Linguolabial &. tˤ #? Pharyngealised ṭ Closer variety / Fricative @~ ⁿk ^n Pre/post nasalised ẽ Nasalised ~l 11 tˡ ^l Lateral release ɫ Velarized or pharyngealized

8 @” ᶮɟ #J Other superscripts are available ë Centralised kʽ =’ Light aspiration e̽ @+ Mid centralised @* e˞ |[ Rhoticity ĕ Extra short @. tʼ >’ Ejective ė Palatalization/Centralization @: t̚ |] No audible release m ̐ &# 12 bʻ <’ Weak aspiration k ͡p Double articulation / &@ 13 l ̩ &| Syllabic t ͜s Double articulation / affricate &+ a ̯ &* Non-syllabic u ̟ Advanced &_ a ̰ &~ Creaky voiced i ̠ Retracted symbol e ̝ &6 Raised ᶏ preceded by & Retroflex hooks 9 e.g. &a e ̞ &7 Lowered n ̥ &% Voiceless e ̘ &8 +ATR s ̬ &5 Voiced e ̙ &9 -ATR s ̤ &” Breathy voiced e ̹ &) More rounded symbol &( Less rounded ᶀ preceded by @ Palatal hooks 10 e ̜ e.g. @b &, open vowel Voiceless (diacritics are o ̧ ŋ̊ @% sometimes placed above a symbol &! Fortis with a descender) p ͈ &$ p ᷂ Lenis => → Becomes, is realized as >s σ Syllable 8 The following characters can be superscripted: 0123456789 + - = ( ) ʕ ʔ b β c ɕ d ð f ɸ g ɡ ɣ h ɦ ħ j ɟ ʝ k l ɭ ʎ ʟ m ɱ n ɲ ɳ ŋ ɴ p r ɹ ɻ ʁ s ʂ ʃ t θ v ʋ w ɰ x ɥ z ʑ ʐ ʒ a ɐ æ ᴂ ɑ e ə ɜ ɛ1D4B ø ɶ œ ɘ i ɪ ɨ o ɒ ɔ ɵ ɞ ɤ ʌ u ɯ ʊ ʉ y ʏ Deadkeys ^ and # are used, please see keyboard chart for diagram. 9 Retroflex hooks may be added to: a ɑ ɗ e ɛ ɜ ə i ɔ ʃ u ʒ ( ᶏ ᶐ ᶑ ᶒ ᶓ ᶔ ᶕ ᶖ ᶗ ᶘ ᶙ ᶚ) Please see keyboard chart “ & ” for diagram. 11 Available for ᵬ, ᵭ, ᵮ, ɫ, ᵯ, ᵰ, ᵱ, ᵲ, ᵳ, ᵴ, ᵵ and ᵶ. 10 Palatal hooks may be added to: b d f ɡ k l m n p r s ʃ v x Please see keyboard chart “ ~ ” for diagram. z ( ᶀ ᶁ ᶂ ᶃ ᶄ ᶅ ᶆ ᶇ ᶈ ᶉ ᶊ ᶋ ᶌ ᶍ ᶎ) 12 Typed between the characters. Thus k&#p . Please see keyboard chart “ @ ” for diagram. 13 Typed between the characters. Thus t&@s.

IPA Unicode 6.2 (v1.5) MAC Keyboard.docx Page 10 of 21 7 March 2013 Appendix: IPA number chart

Green denotes IPA characters unsupported by this keyboard. Alph Key- sorting Glyph strokes IPA No. USV Symbol Name key 1. a a 304 0061 Lowercase A 2. ɐ >a 324 0250 Turned A 3. ɑ =a 305 0251 Script A 4. ɒ =o 313 0252 Turned Script A 5. æ b 160 0253 Hooktop B 9. ʙ =B 121 0299 Small Capital B =b 10. β 127 03B2 Beta B 11. B 702 0042 Upper-case B c 12. c 107 0063 Lowercase C 13. ƈ >c 163 0188 Hooktop C 14. č 299 010D C wedge 15. ç =c 138 00E7 C 16. ɕ d 162 0257 Hooktop D

IPA Unicode 6.2 (v1.5) MAC Keyboard.docx Page 11 of 21 7 March 2013 Alph Key- sorting Glyph strokes IPA No. USV Symbol Name key =e 31. ə 322 0259 Schwa 32. 327 025A Right- schwa ɚ 33. ɘ =E 397 0258 Reversed E 34. ɛ e 326 025C Reversed epsilon 37. ɞ g 166 0260 Hooktop G 210 0067 Looptail G 45. g g 46. ɢ =G 112 0262 Small Capital G 47. ʛ >G 168 029B Hooktop Small Capital G 48. G G 707 0047 Upper-case G 49. ɣ =g 141 0263 Gamma 50. #g ˠ 422 02E0 Superscript Gamma 51. ɤ >O 315 0264 Ram's Horns 52. h h 146 0068 Lowercase H 404 53. ^h 02B0 Superscript H ʰ (=671) 54. ^h 671 (use 02B0 Left-sited superscript H ʰ 404) 55. ħ >h 144 0127 Crossed H 56. ɦ H 175 0267 Hooked Heng 58.

IPA Unicode 6.2 (v1.5) MAC Keyboard.docx Page 12 of 21 7 March 2013 Alph Key- sorting Glyph strokes IPA No. USV Symbol Name key 62. 394 0131 Undotted I ı 63. ɨ =I 317 0268 Barred I 64. ɩ |i 399 0269 Iota 65. ɪ =i 319 026A Small Capital I 66. I I 709 0049 Upper-case I 67. j j 153 006A Lowercase J 68. ^j ʲ 421 02B2 Superscript J 69. ʝ j 72. ʄ 164 0284 Hooktop Barred Dotless J 626 73. J 004A Upper-case J J (=710) 74. J 710 J (use 004A Upper-case J 626) 75. k k 109 006B Lowercase K 76. ƙ >k 165 0199 Hooktop K 77. 291 029E Turned K ʞ 78. K K 711 004B Upper-case K 79. l l 155 006C Lowercase L 80. ^l ˡ 426 02E1 Superscript L 81. ɫ ~l 209 026B L with 82. ɬ =l 148 026C Belted L 83. ɭ l 85. ɮ 149 026E L-Ezh ligature 86. ʪ 603 02AA L-S ligature 87. ʫ 604 02AB L-Z ligature 88. 295 03BB λ 89. 294 019B Barred lambda ƛ 625 90. L 004C Upper-case L L (=712) 91. L 712 L (use 004C Upper-case L 625) 92. m m 114 006D Lowercase M 93. ɱ >m 115 0271 Left-tail M (at right)

IPA Unicode 6.2 (v1.5) MAC Keyboard.docx Page 13 of 21 7 March 2013 Alph Key- sorting Glyph strokes IPA No. USV Symbol Name key =u 94. ɯ 316 026F Turned M 95. ɰ >w 154 0270 Turned M, Right Leg 96. M M 713 004D Upper-case M 97. n n 116 006E Lowercase N 98. ^n ⁿ 425 207F Superscript N 99. 293 019E N, right leg ƞ 118 0272 Left-tail N (at left) 100. ɲ =n 101. ŋ >n 119 014B Eng 102. ɳ o 310 00F8 Slashed O 109. œ E 312 0276 Small Capital O-E ligature 111. Œ 627 0152 Upper-case O-E ligature 112. ɔ p 159 01A5 Hooktop p P 117. P 716 0050 Upper-case P =f 118. ɸ 126 0278 Phi q 119. q 111 0071 Lowercase Q 120. ʠ >q 167 02A0 Hooktop q 121. Q Q 717 0051 Upper-case Q 122. r r 122 0072 Lowercase R 123. ɾ >r 124 027E Fish-hook R 124. 206 027C Long-leg r ɼ 125. ɺ >L 181 027A Turned Long-leg R 126. ɽ

IPA Unicode 6.2 (v1.5) MAC Keyboard.docx Page 14 of 21 7 March 2013 Alph Key- sorting Glyph strokes IPA No. USV Symbol Name key =r 127. ɹ 151 0279 Turned R 128. ɻ R 143 0281 Inverted Small Capital R 132. ^R ʶ 676 02B6 Superscript inverted small capital R 133. s s 132 0073 Lowercase S 134. ^s 207 02E2 Superscript S ˢ 135. 297 0161 S wedge š 136. ʂ