February 2020 Dirty Rat

ChinaInsight Fostering business and cultural harmony between China and the U.S.

VOL. 19 NO. 2 February 2020 Dirty rat. Big rat. Chinese rat. Cute rat.

News, p. 3

Business & Economy, p. 5

There are rats galore in this issue! After all, it is the Year of the Rat and rats take center stage. Find out where the Dickensian rat image is from and who the artist is on p. 16.

Travel Food, p. 8 Wuhan: Now is not the time to visit … but do visit! By Elaine Dunn

“China’s Wuhan shuts down transport as global alarm mounts over virus spread” Arts & Culture, p. 10 Reuters, Jan. 21, 2020 In This Issue Wuhan (武漢), capital of Hubei Prov- the height of the construction of the Three ince, used to have a much different reputa- Gorges Dam, Yangtze River tours inevitably Arts & Culture 9-10 tion than it does currently. A little-known originated from or ended in Wuhan. Situated Books 12-13 city on the Yangtze, Wuhan is now solidly on the confluence of the Han River and the Business & Economy 4-5 branded globally as the “epicenter of the Yangtze, this metropolis was consolidated Commentary 15 coronavirus.” On Jan. 22, the Chinese gov- from three districts in 1927: Wuchang, Education 16 ernment put a real damper on the upcoming Hankou and Hanyang. Its name actually is Lunar New Year festivities: it suspended all a combination of “Wu” from Wuchang and Events 16 transport out of Wuhan, population 11 mil- “Han” from the other two districts. Food 8 lion, as a measure to contain the spread of The city is known for its national his- Language 7 the virus. Hotels and tourist attractions have torical and cultural sites. It has more than Letters 2 been told by the government to suspend 339 scenic spots and historical sites, 103 News 3, 6, 15 large-scale new year activities. Wuhan resi- revolutionary commemoration places, 13 Society 11 dents have been asked “not to leave the city.” national key cultural relics protection units, In another time, back in the days at Travel 14 Wuhan art scene in bohemian Tan Hau Lin Continued on page 14 PAGE 2 / February 2020 letters www.chinainsight.info

Ruth Stricker Dayton’s impact on ChinaInsight St. Catherine’s health programs Publisher: Gregory J. Hugh [email protected] When the Chinese Heri- currently offered Master their final projects. And faculty members tage Foundation recently of Holistic Health Studies are recognized in their field for advancing Manager of honored Ruth Stricker program. As more faculty the “unitary human caring science” theory Dayton for opening minds members became engaged, of nursing, a theory incorporating eastern Operations/Circulation: to Chinese medicine as holistic content was inte- energy concepts. Richard He the basis for contempo- grated into a wide range of Ruth’s living legacy presses forward [email protected] rary views of health and programs. The programs at St. Catherine University. The holistic wellness, it struck me that matured, faculty exper- insights from Chinese medicine that she Staff Writers: Ruth’s influence on the St. tise grew and the number brought to St. Catherine’s so many years ago Catherine University health of St. Catherine Henrietta evolve ongoing in the School of Health’s Greg Hugh programs in this respect is Schmoll School of Health day-to-day teaching, learning and research [email protected] not well known. As a long- Ruth Stricker Dayton graduates spreading holis- processes. They are applied on campus as time faculty member and tic approaches increased students learn and in the numerous clinical Elaine Dunn dean, I was stimulated to look back at her dramatically. and community organizations where gradu- [email protected] St. Catherine’s impact over four decades. The School of Health continues to ex- ates work. Ruth’s courageous, generous In the early 1980s, Ruth taught several pand the holistic approach as evidenced by and energetic advancement of the holism Intern: classes on Chinese medicine, holism and recent developments in its nursing depart- that gives health and unites the planet will wellness for us. Topics included the Chinese ment. Working within the eastern perspec- always inspire. Her abiding gift evokes our Jackson Venjohn conceptualization of the human body as an tive has led to deeper curriculum emphasis enduring gratitude. [email protected] energy system, contrasts between eastern on healing principles originating from Chi- Thank you for adding my St. Catherine and western medicine, and the meaning nese medicine as well as Native American, University perspective to our community’s Contributors: of life balance as conveyed by the yin and Hmong, African and other cultures. The knowledge of Ruth’s extraordinary con- yang symbol. baccalaureate nursing program now has the tributions and how they emanate from her Bill Chen Immersing themselves in the break- American Holistic Nurses Association ac- embrace of Chinese medicine and heritage. [email protected] through eastern thinking Ruth introduced, creditation agency’s approval, making their faculty went on to create two credit-bearing nursing graduates eligible for certification Mary Broderick, PhD, RN Patrick Welsh certificate programs, Health and Wellness as holistic nurses. It is common practice Professor, Nursing (Retired) [email protected] Counseling and Holistic Therapies. Even- to each year have some nursing graduate St. Catherine University tually these were combined to form the students select holistic-related topics for Production Editor: Jennifer Nordin FREE 2-2020 [email protected] FREESUBSCRIPTIONS SUBSCRIPTIONS About ChinaInsight ChinaInsight is a monthly English language newspaper fostering business Getting to know you . . . and cultural harmony between China Who are you? What articles do you enjoy reading? and the U.S. China Insight would like to ensure our content matches your interests. Please take a few minutes to complete this poll so we can update our reader demographics. For your time, the first 10 respondents each month will receive a free annual subscription to China Insight. Winners will be notified ChinaInsight is a Member of The by email. 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NOTICE TO READERS: The views expressed in articles are the author’s and not necessarily those Insight of ChinaInsight. Authors may have ChinaInsight a business relationship with the SUBSCRIPTION ORDER FORM Guaranteed companies or businesses they discuss. 10 issues - $24 for a domestic subscription and $40 for international. YES you could run to the Please make check payable to ChinaInsight, 750 Mainstreet, store and pick up a copy, but #230 Hopkins, MN 55343 did you know you can have Name______ChinaInsight delivered directly Address______to your mailbox? City/State/Zip______A subscription costs a mere Phone______$24 and brings a full year (10 Email______issues) of new understanding about today’s China, Company______from language to business Title______opportunities. Copyright 2020 ChinaInsight, Inc. All Rights Reserved. www.chinainsight.info news February 2020 / PAGE 3 China Briefs The robots are coming! Of the 2,000 companies surveyed, General makeover A Qing Dynasty 13.4 percent already used robots as part general, an important of their processes back in 2017. Between statesman, received a 2015-2017, the annual growth of invest- facial makeover at his ments in robotics was close to 60 percent, former residence. replacing 9.4 percent of employees with General TANG a junior high level of education only. Jingsong (1841-1903) China aims to be one of the world’s was most well-known for being one of the top 10 automated nations by this year commanders during the Sino-French War – at 150 robot units per 10,000 human An industry report by the Wuhan (1884-1885) and for serving as the month- employees. The International Federation University Institute of Quality Develop- long president of the short-lived Republic of Robotics reported that China installed ment Strategy projected nearly 5 percent of Formosa. A century after his ousting from 154,000 industrial units in 2018 com- of China’s workforce may be replaced by Formosa (before the invasion from Japan), pared to 40,300 in the U.S. ♦ machinery and robotics by 2025. vandals or aspiring beauty stylists decided to apply pink eye shadow, red lipstick and rosy cheeks to his bronze statue. Oh, he also Rat stamps on sale got a nail job! For good measure, they also China Post issued two special rat destroyed the wall in the background that stamps to commemorate the Year of the contained quotes from him. Rat. The stamps were designed by promi- Authorities did not seem too anxious to nent artist Han Meilin, who happened to find out who was responsible, suggesting it be born in a previous rat year. No entry for was “probably some kids.” Han was born in 1936 and the creator human rights Thanks, but no thanks! of the Fuwa dolls for the 2008 Summer An “auntie” in the Anhui city of Tongling Olympics in Beijing. He held exhibits activist showed up at the police station with a freshly in 21 U.S. cities in 1980. In 1983, six post office invited the stamp collectors dressed chicken in a plastic shopping bag. of his works were used for Christmas in the night before, providing them hot To show her gratitude to the officer who had cards issued by the United Nations. He tea and snacks. explained to her how to apply for a passport, was named the UNESCO Artist for Peace The stamp on the left was inspired by she had brought the officer the chicken. in 2015. the legend that heaven was created by a Apparently, the sight of the dead chicken The pair of rat stamps went on sale on mouse bite. Each stamp costs 1.y yuan freaked the officer out. He tried to wave her Jan. 5. Some collectors waited overnight (USD$0.17).♦ away, but she would have none of that! She to ensure getting them. The Shanghai left the bag on the ground with him. Wonder how the officer reacts to dead Getting in on the act humans? the most famous doorways in the world Humiliating punishment is sporting couplets adorning both sides Male sales employees at a Shaoxing of the door! company in Zhejiang Province who failed to Yes, 10 Downing St. in London, meet year-end quotas were forced to remove residence of the U.K.’s prime minister, their pants, don pantyhose and dance around attracted many Chinese tourists taking the office in front of their co-workers. One photos. employee who refused to do so was fired! Prime Minister Boris Johnson dotted Other demeaning punishment meted the eye of one of the Chinese lions that out by Chinese companies have included later performed for him and onlookers drinking toilet water, choking down bitter in front of No. 10. He also hosted a gourd, eating worms, crawl on the street and Celebrating Chinese New Year is reception for the British community to Kenneth Roth, executive director of spanked by their managers. How long will gaining popularity globally. Even one of celebrate the Lunar New Year.♦ Human Rights Watch, was blocked from these nasty practices be tolerated? Revolu- entering Hong Kong at the airport. Roth had tion, I say! planned to present the new “World Report Price gouging banned 2020: Events of 2019” and to highlight the Don’t talk politics … or kiss Taobao, Alibaba’s online market- “existential threat” China posed to inter- A 60-something female retiree did not place, sold 80 million face masks on national human rights. The book includes know how to extricate herself from a heated Jan. 21 -22. It notified its vendors they human rights records of 90-plus countries political “debate” with a young couple she should not hike prices on face masks on and territories, a “must-read for anyone in- met at a public estate park in Hong Kong. Jan. 22. It is trying make sure consumers terested in the fight to protect human rights The young couple was blocking her physi- can purchase masks at reasonable prices. in every corner of the globe.” ♦ cally walking away. As a last resort, she tried Both Taobao and Tmall have masks in the element of surprise by planting a kiss on stock, and delivery services continued Hong Kong the guy, which resulted in a “physical alter- through Spring Festival. cation,” witnessed by the guy’s girlfriend. Taobao has also stocked up on Some mask manufacturers are of- protesters lack The guy pressed charges. disinfectant, hand sanitizer and other fering employees five time their normal The case was heard last December and a cleaning supplies as the number of new wage to return from Spring Festival funds verdict expected early February. Until then, coronavirus infections rise. holiday to produce masks! ♦ A Jan. 1 protest left barricades and other the woman is out on bail. debris on the road, blocking traffic on Hong Luggage, not son Too many kids Kong island. Video footage at a Guangxi Province According to China’s Global Times, the city railway station showed a distracted officer with four kids lost his job for hav- eight-month long pro-democracy protesters father putting his backpack on the conveyor ing “too many kids.” in Hong Kong are feeling tired and defeated. belt to go through the x-ray scanner. Then he That attitude is changing. The Guang- It reported that, “due to the public desire put his 3-year-old son, who was sitting on dong Provincial People’s Congress has to restore peace, firm law enforcement by top of a piece of luggage, on the conveyor recently urged cities and provincial the police and national sanctions against belt. An alert security officer and nearby departments to remove “inappropri- foreign forces, the source of chaos has been traveler shouted at him in time before any ate” family planning regulations since effectively contained.” harm befell the kid. the central government had already It also reported that some Hong Kong His may be an absent-minded accident, abolished the decades-old “One Child” residents observed the “illegal” assemblies but it’s been known for Chinese travelers policy. are getting smaller and the number of par- who did not want to be bothered with hav- However, despite not losing one’s ticipants is dropping and that protesters ing to remove their overcoats have been Used to be, if you worked for Guang- job, local residents still are not expand- had noted on social media that they were known to jump on the security conveyor zhou city in Guangdong Province, and ing their families because the costs of “disappointed, tired, and have no more belts themselves!♦ you had more than two kids, you’d be raising children “are huge,” especially money to pay their bills if they do not go fired! As recent as late last year, a police in Tier 1 cities. ♦ back to work.” ♦ PAGE 4 / February 2020 business & economy www.chinainsight.info State employment holding steady

[SAINT PAUL] – Minnesota’s seasonally adjusted unemployment rate remained a steady 3.3 percent during December, according to data released by the Minnesota Depart- ment of Employment and Economic Development (DEED), Jan. 23. The national seasonally adjusted unemployment rate for December also held a steady 3.5 percent. Minnesota gained 3,978 jobs from December 2018 to December 2019, a 0.1 percen increase. The private sector average wage rate was up 24 cents in December for a 4 percent rise over the year. Four supersectors gained jobs in December: Trade, Transportation and Utilities saw the largest jobs gain (up 1,500); followed by Other Services (up 1,300); Leisure and Hospital- ity (up 1,200); and Government (up 300). Supersectors losing jobs in December included Education and Health Services (down 1,600), Manufacturing (down 1,200), Information (down 500), Financial Activities (down 400), Construction (down 200), and Mining and Logging (down 100). Minneapolis-St. Paul MN-WI MSA gained 2,178 jobs over the month, followed by St. Cloud MSA (up 755), Mankato MSA (587), and Rochester MSA (up 102). ♦

Minnesota Employment and Unemployment - December 2019

Unemployment December November December 2019 December 2018 Rate 2019 2019 Minnesota 3.3% 3.3% 3.5% 3.2% U.S. 3.5% 3.5% 3.4% 3.7% December November December '18 to '19 December '18 to '19 Employment 2019 2019 level of Change % level of Change Minnesota 2,967,400 2,967,200 3,978 +0.1% U.S. 152,383,000 152,238,000 2,160,000 +1.4% Minnesota Over the Year Employment Change: December 2018 - December 2019

MN OTY Job MN OTY Job Growth US OTY Job Growth Change Rate Rate China’s economic Total nonfarm 3,978 0.1 1.4 Total Private 1,897 0.1 1.6 performance in Logging and Mining -149 -2.3 -2.8 Construction -4,675 -3.8 1.9 2019 Manufacturing -3,919 -1.2 0.4 Trade, Transport. and Utilities 2,752 0.5 0.5 Source: China Daily, Jan. 18, 2020 Information -4,816 -9.7 0.8 China remains the world’s Financial Activities 2,384 1.3 1.4 second-largest economy Prof. and Business Services -2,485 -0.7 1.9 • Year-on-year GDP grew 6.1 percent, reaching US$14.38 trillion Ed. and Health Services -4,671 -0.9 2.7 • Per capita GDP exceeded US$10,000 Leisure and Hospitality 14,579 5.5 2.5 for the first time Other Services 2,897 2.6 1.3

Per capita income increased Government 2,081 0.5 0.6 • Nationwide, per capita disposable income increased 8.9 percent to US$4,431.70 • Nationwide, per capita household consumption expenditure increased 8.6 percent to US$3,108.81

Employment • Newly employed people in urban areas totaled 13.52 million

Fixed-asset investment • Year-on-year increase of 5.4 percent, reaching US$7.95 trillion

Retail sales • Year-on-year increase of eight percent to reach US$6.93 trillion • Online sales increased 16.5 percent from 2018, reaching US$1.52 trillion

Trade • Exports grew 5 percent • Imports grew 1.5 percent

Price indices • Consumer price index rose 2.9 percent from 2018 • Producer price index dropped 0.3 percent from previous year ♦ www.chinainsight.info business & economy February 2020 / PAGE 5 China’s wealthy consumers 25729 5x7 By Elaine Dunn B&W

Your hard work knows no limits. Neither does your success. You have the power to redefine what’s possible. From the first generation to make a home in a new country to the next generation of business owners, you work relentlessly to seize every opportunity and build a lasting legacy. We call that being empowerful. As you continue to secure your family’s financial future, Despite its slowing economy, China Studies have labeled the HNWIs groups Wells Fargo walks right beside you still has the most high-income households by income levels, with the “Luxuriants” at helping to make it happen. You've worldwide. In 2019, China ranked as the the top of the income ladded. These groups come this far. We can help you number 2 country with the highest number make up approximately 70 percent of the go further. of billionaires in the country (476 to U.S.’s entire HNWIs population of China: 585). It also boasts 4.45 million millionaires. Luxuriant group is the top income Credit Suisse reported “China’s population group and reside in China’s tier 1 cities with of people with over $110,000 of wealth a high percentage of women. This group wellsfargo.com/empowerful © 2020 Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. All rights reserved. had grown to 100 million, and ‘for the first places a high value on quality, less on brand Member FDIC. IHA-25729 time’ had surpasse the United States with name. However, they are brand loyal. They its 99 million.” even pay attention to health, environment

As of the end of 2019, there were 1.98 and family safety. Beijing, a tier 1 city, 25729_CBCL-CB-CB_2020_Adshop_PRNTAS_A2_P1_0.indd 1 1/22/20 3:17 PM million Chinese households with assets of claims 288,000 high net worth households, US$1.4 million and 127,000 households the largest number in China, followed by with household assets of US$14 million. Guangzhou and Shanghai. China’s luxury market grew 20 percent Next comes the Demanding group. year-on-year in 2018 for two consecutive They are the hardest working among the years, thanks to its millennials and female uber rich. They like to show off their luxury population. The 2019 Worldwide Luxury purchases and tend to resist paying premium Market Monitor published end-December prices for the best products. reported the market for personal luxury Then comes the Flashy group. These are goods in China grew 26 percent in 2019 and the big spenders who identify strongly with accounted for approximately 10 percent of brand names. Even though they may earn global luxury sales. less than the first two groups, their collec- Chinese luxury goods consumers, both tive purchases are higher than the first two within China or traveling abroad, are ex- groups in certain luxury industries. They pected to continue spending. Hence, luxury seek out the best deals, but they also are will- brands are trying hard to understand these ing to pay top dollars to get the brands they affluent Chinese consumers. want to flaunt. They also are less interested However, the short and contracted in the environmental and health aspects of growth period of Chinese consumerism the products. gives it a much different trajectory from the Following behind is the Urbane group. well-examined Western path. Furthermore, Very similar to the top group, but with less purchasing trends are evolving quickly annual income and predominantly men. among generations, making it ever more Sophisticated and low key, they care about critical for brands to keep up their marketing quality more than brand name and have the efforts with their target markets. lowest desire to show off. They also are Burberry scarf in the Chines New Year 2020 collection is bright red and sports a rat Management consulting firm McKinsey only moderately inclined to pay top dollars. intermingled with a “B.” & Company has been monitoring Chinese The Climbers follow right behind. luxury consumption closely for nearly a This group tends to live in tiers 2 & 3 cities Second tier cities in the west are also identi- The Hong Kong protests since summer decade. It reported that many luxury brands and are greatly influenced by the wealthier fied as region of growth. Fifty international 2019 had forced luxury brands to partner and industries have learned the hard way by groups. They are very price conscious. brands in a recent study indicated many up with Chinese tech giants to gain access applying tried-and-true Western approaches The Down-to-earth group is younger are opening stores in Shenzhen, Hangzhou to the China market. For example, Burberry to this fast-evolving Chinese market. McK- and newer to the luxury lifestyle scene. or Chengdu. International luxury brands will partner with Tencent to open its first insey indicated 50 percent of China’s high They usually are in the tier 2 cities and value also are improving in the art of navigating “social retail store” in the first half of 2020 net-worth individuals (HNWIs) were not family more than social life. “Value” is their China’s cultural landscape. Haute couture in Shenzhen. Luxury eyewear label Gentle considered wealthy five years earlier and 80 top priority and they are least willing to pay houses are choosing to launch their shows Monster teamed up with HUAWEI to gain percent of China’s wealthy consumers are more or to show off. in China instead of in the West. Prada held entry into the wearable tech market. Other under the age of 45. Besides pure status, the The last group is the Enthusiast group. various art events at Shanghai’s cultural high-end fashion retailers have entered Chinese also place importance on the prod- They make the least among these groups, but institution to court art lovers. Some have Alibaba’s Tmall to reach the eager Chinese ucts’ functional benefits, and they depend are more willing to spend more than they can designed China-exclusive products for luxury shoppers. much on the brands’ social media profiles afford as they love to show off their luxury Chinese New Year. (Burberry’s CNY 2020 The ever-changing consumer climate and advertising. Also, they were reported products. They prefer brand names. collection is a “vibrant celebration in red” – will challenge brands to stay on top of their to crave uniqueness so as to distinguish The two fastest-growing groups are heralding joy, health and happiness for the marketing game. New technology, new themselves from others. the Climbers and Down-to-earth groups. Year of the Rat, so its website says!) strategies, new opportunities.♦ PAGE 6 / February 2020 news www.chinainsight.info Chinese New Year / Spring Festival celebrations across China

Even though major Chinese New Year events were canceled in many cities and tourist attractions and public venues such as Shanghai Disneyland, Beijing Forbidden City were also temporarily closed in a preventative response to control the spread of the coronavirus, citizens across the country carried on in their celebrations. Family reunions at railway stations, bus stations and airports! Families visit market fairs, temples, and each other during the week-long holiday. ♦

A giant rat lantern all lit up on Jan. 26 for the lantern fair on the ancient wall in city in Xian, Shaanxi Province, NW China Citizens purchase tangerines and decorations for the upcoming Chinese Lunar New Year in south China's Macao, Jan. 20, 2020.

Lanterns illuminated to celebrate Spring Festival in Shenzhen, south China's Guangdong province, Jan. 19, 2020.

On display for Spring Festival is a red tree adorned with the Chinese character “福" (Fu, good fortune), and numerous red lanterns to greet visitors to the Shijingshan Amusement Park in Beijing, Jan. 19, 2020.

People selecting goods at a 79-year-old Spring Festival market in Yaofu Township of Pingluo County, northwest China's Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. As the Chinese Lunar New Year is approaching, the rich traditional Spring Festival goods and cultural performances in the market Young girl with hard sugar candy rat at the 100-year-old attract many people to visit. Shenyang Spring Festival Fair on Jan. 24. This fair also attracts a number of foreign students from nearby Shenyang Aerospace University. Shenyang is the largest city in northeast China’s Liaoning Province.

(Photos: Xinhua)

On the first day of the Chinese Lunar New Year, Tibetan Family reuniting, captured at Chongqing West Railway people gathered to celebrate the festival. This Tibetan Station in southwest China's Chongqing Municipality, Jan. woman dance in Doilungdeqen District of Lhasa, southwest 19, 2020. China's Tibet Autonomous Region, Jan. 25, 2020. www.chinainsight.info language February 2020 / PAGE 7 Chinese Language Corner (漢語角落) By Pat Welsh, contributor

In this lesson we will make simple descriptions of people and things. Some of the Pronunciation reminders vocabulary we will use are: This system follows Chinese Pinyin with the exception that the letter “u” which has 矮 ai short (in stature; for “short” referring to length, use 短 duan) two pronunciations. Sometimes it has the value of ü (“ee” as in see with rounded lips). 不 bú not. “Bú” occurs before words in tone “a” (falling tone). Before all other tones, At those times we use the symbol “ü” instead of Pinyin “u.” In making this sound, it is use “bù” instead. most important that the vowel more resembles an “ee” sound and definitely not sounding 大 dà large, big / great like a “oo” sound as in “moon”. 的 de an adjectival suffix. Before nouns, ‘de’ is suffixed after all adjectives of two or more syllables. It also may follow adjectives of one syllable in certain idiomatic phrases. a, an, ang The “a” in these syllables sounds like the “a” in “father”. 非常 fēichang unusual, unusually In some contexts it may simply mean “very”. See ao Sounds like the “ow” in “cow”. 很 hen below. de, ge Here the “e” sounds much like the “a” in “above” or the “u” in “under”. 高 gao tall, high ei Sounds like the “ay” in “say” or “day”. 好 hao good, well; OK en, eng Sounds like the “un” in “fun” or the “ung” in “lung”. 很 hen very. This word is often added before a one syllable adjective where it might ian Sounds like “ee-ehn” or “yen” (Here “ehn” and “en” almost sounds like function only as a euphemism. That is not the case in negative sentences. It is the choice the word “yen”.) of the listener as to whether this word should be translated as ‘very’ or not. If the speaker ong The “o” here sounds much like the “oo” in “ooze” or “spoon”. wants to emphasize the idea of ‘very’ in positive sentences, he will often use a word such qian Sounds “tchee-ehn” (ehn rhymes with “hen”) as 非常 fēichang (unusual) in place of the word 很 hen. qǜ Sounds like “tchee” but said with rounded lips. 坏 huai bad; broken; spoiled shi Sounds almost like the “shir” in “shirt.” The tongue is retracted and lightly 轻 qīng light (in weight) curled. 他 tā he, him si Sounds somewhat like sz, the vowel is short, it is between “i” in “it” and 她 ta she, her “u” in “mut”. 太 tai too (in the sense of ‘too much’) ü Sounds much like the “ee” in “see” but the vowel must be uttered with 无聊, 无聊的 wúliao, wúliaode boring. rounded lips. 小 xiao small, little x Sounds like a weak “sh;” xing sounds like “sheeng”. 一个 yíge Here it means “a” or “an.” Its literal meaning is “one-general classifier” you Sounds somewhat like the “yo” in “yodel.” 有趣 , 有趣的 yŏuqü, yŏuqüde interesting, fascinating, amusing z Sounds like a “tz” without any aspiration. Pronouncing this as ‘dz’ betrays 重 zhòng heavy (in weight) American accent which will still be understood by the listener. zi Unaspirated tz, the vowel i is short, it is between “i” in “it” and “u” in “mut.” Note that adjectives and adverbs come before the words they modify. zh This is an unaspirated “ch” with the tongue retracted and lightly curled. For example “zhu” almost sounds like “drew.” zhi Sounds almost like “djir.” It almost rhymes with “fur.” English Chinese characters Mandarin Pinyin

a good person 一个好人 yíge hao ren a very good person 一个很好的人 yíge hen haode ren Tones Using numbers: 5 = your normal high 4 = mid-high 3 = your normal mid pitch an unusually good person 一个非常好的人 yíge fēichang haode ren 2 = mid low pitch 1 = your normal low pitch Tone Description Notes a bad person 一个坏人 yíge huai ren a very bad person 一个很坏的人 yíge hen huaide ren ā High level pitch (55) Regarding Tone ă an unusually bad person 一个非常坏的人 yíge fēichang huaide ren á Mid-Rising Tone (35) 1. When occurring directly before an- ă Dipping (213) other dipping tone, tone ă becomes à High falling pitch (51) tone á. Thus, “hĕn hăo” (very good) He is a good person. 他是/她是一个好人。 Ta shì yíge hao ren. a An unstressed neutral tone. Follow- changes to “hén hăo.” He is not a good person. 他是/她不是一个好人。 Ta búshì yíge hao ren. ing other syllables, syllables in this 2. When occurring directly before any tone tend to be somewhat lower that other tone, Tone ă will change to a of the previous syllable. The lone mid-falling tone (31) English Chinese characters Mandarin Pinyin exception is when it occurs after Regarding Tone à tone ă. Here the neutral tone is often 1. When occurring before another à He is tall. 他很高。 Ta hen gao. slightly higher in pitch. tone He is short. 他很矮。 Ta hen ai. 2. The first tone à reduces its fall to 53

He is not tall. 他不高。 Ta bù gao. Next month, we will continue to deal with simple descriptions of people and things. ♦ He is not very tall. 他不是很高。 Ta bù hen gao.

About Pat Welsh 他是一个有趣的人。 He is an interesting person. Ta shì yíge yŏuqü de ren. In 2009 while teaching English at Sichuan University, Welsh was asked to give a 他是一个无聊的人。 He is a boring person. Ta shì yíge wúliao de ren. speech where he was introduced to the audience as a “pioneer of Chinese American relations” as a result of his cooperative work in international banking during the Deng Too big - too small 太大 - 太小 tai da – tai xiao Xiaoping era. For more than 65 years, Welsh has been learning Chinese and has used Not too big – not too small 不太大-不太小 bú tai da – bú tai xiao this knowledge both professionally and personally to enhance his understanding of Chinese and Asian affairs. He uses Beijing Mandarin most frequently when meeting with senior Chinese government officials when conducting business in China. This table is too big. 这张桌子太大。 Zhèzhang zhuōzi tai da. For 17 years, Welsh taught Chinese, German and Spanish in two local high schools. This chair is too heavy. 这把椅子太重。 Zhèba yĭzi at i zhòng. Now fully retired, he currently resides in Georgia where he used to lecture on China This sheet of paper is too light. 这张纸太轻。 Zhèzhang zhĭ tai qīng. to a number of classes at Dunwoody High School.

If other tables, chairs or sheets of paper were or are being considered for use, the word “了” (le) is usually added to the adjective. Note here, “了” (le) the neutral tone is used Call for Articles… and indicates a changed or new situation. Here, “这张桌子太大了” would indicate that another choice of table was better or had been considered. ChinaInsight is a local newspaper fostering U.S.-China cultural and business harmony. We are interested in publishing articles that engage audiences in America. Potential topics range from English Chinese characters Mandarin Pinyin understanding daily life in China (or for Chinese in America) to discussions of business markets from both an American or Chinese 这张桌子太大了。 This table is too big. Zhèzhang zhuōzi tai dale. viewpoint. This chair is too heavy. 这把椅子太重了。 Zhèba yĭzi tai zhòngle. This sheet of paper is too light. 这张纸太轻了。 Zhèzhang zhĭ tai qīngle. If you would like to contribute an article, contact Greg Hugh at 952-472-4757 or [email protected]. PAGE 8 / February 2020 food www.chinainsight.info Soups to warm your soul By Elaine Dunn For many Chinese, dinner is not considered complete unless there is soup. 牛尾湯 Chinese soups are generally lighter than their Western cousins. Chinese group their Chinese oxtail soup ( ) This soup is truly meaty, simple and easy to prepare. soups into two categories: thin and thick. Thin soups are made with stock or broth. It is important not to overcook the broth or the vegetables in these soups. Therefore, meat is Ingredients usually precooked and returned to the liquid toward the end, with the vegetables. Thin 2 1/2 lbs. oxtails soups are sometimes used as palate cleansers at banquets. Thick soups, by contrast, have 12 cups water all the ingredients added at the same time. Cooking time is longer. Often, cornstarch or 1 large onion, cut into tapioca are added as thickeners at the end. wedges In Minnesota, where winters are bone-chilling cold, what better way to combat the 1 medium Chinese tur- freezing cold than with a pot of hot soup? Here are a few traditional and nourishing Chi- nip (or daikon radish), nese soups to warm the soul. cut into large chunks 0.7 oz rock sugar Pork ribs and lotus root soup (莲藕排骨湯) Salt to taste This simple and tasty soup is native to Hubei Province. Chopped cilantro for garnish Ingredients 2 lbs. pork ribs 1 lb. lotus root 4 slices ginger 12 cups cold water Salt, to taste 1 stalk green scallion, finely chopped Directions 1. Preheat over to 350F 2. Rinse oxtails under cold water. Pat dry with paper towel. Arrange on baking sheet and roast for 35 minutes. 3. Heat water in stockpot. 4. When oxtails are roaster, add them and onion to stockpot. Bring to boil. 5. Turn heat down to a low simmer for about 6 hours, covered. 6. Skim fat off periodically. 7. Add turnips about half-hour before serving. 8. Add salt to taste, garnish with cilantro. Serve. 白菜豆腐鱼湯 Directions Fish and tofu soup ( ) This is the perfect hearty winter soup – lean and healthy, too. 1. Soak pork ribs in cold water for an hour. Rinse thoroughly, drain and set aside. 2. Boil a large pot of water to blanch pork. Then turn heat off, wash the pork ribs clean. Ingredients (for fish & 3. Peel the lotus root and cut into half-inch slices. marinade) 4. Add all ingredients, except salt and scallions, into large pot with cold water. 8 oz. tilapia & catfish, 5. Bring to boil, then turn heat down, cover to simmer 4 hours. sliced thinly on the 6. Add salt and scallions before serving. diagonal ½ t cornstarch Sesame oil chicken soup (麻油鸡湯) 1 t light soy sauce This soup is popular in Taiwan. To make soup a more “complete” meal, add nappa cab- 1 t Shaoxing wine bage, tofu or rice noodle toward the end of the cooking process. ¼ t sesame oil ¼ t salt Ingredients 1/8 t white pepper 3 lbs. chicken legs 3T black sesame oil 3 oz. ginger, cut into slices 1 bottle (750 ml) Tai- wan rice wine Ingredients (for soup) 0.7 oz. rock sugar 2T oil 4 cups water 2 slices ginger Salt, to taste ½ cup fresh shitake (or reconstituted dried) mushrooms 2 stalks green scallion, 6 dried red chiles julienned ½ cup bean sprouts 4 cups chicken stock 1½ cups water 1 cup nappa cabbage ½ block firm tofu, cut into ½-inch slices ½ t sesame oil Salt, to taste Directions Chopped scallion 1. Rinse chicken and pat dry with paper towel. Chopped cilantro 2. Heat wok over high heat until it starts to smoke. Turn heat to medium and wait 2 minutes before adding black sesame oil and sliced ginger. Cook 2 minutes. Directions 3. Turn heat back up to high and sear chicken legs until browned on all sides. 1. Mix fish and marinade ingredients in a bowl. Set aside. 4. Add all ingredients, except salt and scallions, into large pot with cold water. 2. Heat 2 T oil in a large wok over medium heat. 5. Turn heat down to medium, add rice wine, rock sugar and water. 3. Add ginger and mushrooms, sauté for 2 minutes until fragrant and slightly browned. 6. Cover and simmer in medium heat for 30 minutes Liquid should be bubbling but not 4. Stir in dried chiles and cook for 30 seconds. boiling. 5. Add bean sprouts and stir for another minute. 7. When chicken legs are tender, soup is ready. 6. Add chicken stock, water, nappa cabbage, sliced tofu and sesame oil. Bring to boil and 8. Season with salt to taste and garnish with scallions before serving. add salt to taste. 7. Once boiling, lay fish on the surface of the soup, slice by slice so they do not clump together. 8. Carefully submerge the fish slices in the hot liquid. Bring to boil. 9. Serve with scallion and cilantro. www.chinainsight.info arts & culture February 2020 / PAGE 9 “Chang Dai-chien: Painting from Heart to Hand” at Asian Art Museum SF through April 26

According to Professor Mark Johnson, San Francisco State University, Chang Dai-chien (張大千) is “unquestionably one of the most important painters of the 20th century.” Jay Xu, director and CEO of the Asian Art Museum, said, “This exhibition illuminates how even the most significant NEW VIP artists of today continue to find rich seams of inspiration in the past, and we are excited to explore how our own local landscapes fueled Chang’s boundary-pushing work.” HIGH LIMIT Featuring 18 works from the museum’s holdings, as well as 16 loans from private collections and museums, the exhibition showcases Chang’s early genius in replicat- BACCARAT ing ancient styles alongside his later accom- plishment in expanding the possibilities of traditional ink art. It was during Chang’s years living in Northern California in the ROOM Chang Dai-chien, 1899–1983 1960s and ’70s that his distinctly original style matured. His paintings from this The Asian Art Museum has long period synthesized a deep understanding of had a close connection with the artist, Only 25 Minutes North of Downtown China’s classical past with a keen observa- partially through the museum’s former Visit us at Runaces.com for more details tion of the natural world. director René-Yvon d’Argencé, who not “Although he is best known as a vir- only helped Chang present his first solo tuoso of traditional Chinese art, Chang’s show in Paris in 1956 but also organized vibrant splashed-color landscapes drew his first retrospective in San Francisco in inspiration from modern cultural and ar- 1972. Chang’s retrospective was the Asian tistic influences — especially during his Art Museum’s first ever exhibition of work extensive sojourns in the Americas, and by a living artist, one who happened to be California in particular,” says exhibition residing at the time in nearby Pebble Beach. RunAces.com organizer and Asian Art Museum Barbara Works by the artist were also included in the and Gerson Bakar Curator of Chinese art, foundational gift to the museum by Avery Dr. Fan Jeremy Zhang. “Chang’s paintings Brundage in the 1960s; three of these will deftly fuse classical and modern elements be featured in the exhibition. and bridge Eastern and Western aesthetics, The exhibition is broadly organized generating a unique expressionism that into three themes that touch on Chang’s speaks to an international audience.” “pursuit of the past,” his “learning from nature,” and his finding “inspiration from within.” Highlights include: Landscape of Waterfalls and Overlapping Peaks (1951), which features dense brushwork echoing the styles of Song and Yuan masters and a special inscription marking the artist’s post-1949 self-exile overseas; White Lotus ANCIENT MEDICINE (1948), a playful, close-up depiction of a lusty bloom associated more with spiritu- FOR MODERN HEALTHCARE ality than the carnal desire alluded to by the colophon, which describes its color as bright as a woman’s red makeup; and one of Chang’s most abstract works, Mountains in Summer Clouds (1970), which demonstrates his absolute mastery of splashed-ink and wash techniques, harnessed here to evoke celestial mountains that reflect the artist’s own inner vitality. Chang was born in Sichuan Province in 1899 to an artistic family. He traveled extensively seeking sources of inspiration in the historical past and in nature. He left China for Brazil in 1949 because of the Diversity political climate, eventually ending up in Scholarships Carmel, Calif. In 1977, he left California Available Receive 50% for Taipei, Taiwan. He was a most intrigu- Off Tuition ing, prolific and versatile artist. “Chang Dai-chien: Painting from Heart to Hand” is organized in conjunction with Johnson to mark the 120th anniversary of Join a growing integrative healthcare movement and help improve the artist’s birth. lives by providing non-invasive and drug-free treatments as a Doctor of Chinese Medicine. The Asian Art Museum is located at 200 “White lotus” hanging scroll, 27.5” x 56” Larkin St., San Francisco. ♦ ChiropracticMassageMassage • Massage Therapy Therapy Therapy •• AcupunctureAcupuncture • Acupuncture && ChineseChinese & Chinese Medicine Medicine Medicine

nwhealth.edu/ChinaInsight [email protected] 952-885-5409952-885-5409 952-885-5409 Read ChinaInsight online nwhealth.edunwhealth.edu www.chinainsight.info nwhealth.edu/ChinaInsight PAGE 10 / February 2020 arts & culture www.chinainsight.info The Kitchen God report By Elaine Dunn

The Festival of the Kitchen God (aka family will receive in the new year. So, it his lips are often smeared with honey to Little New Year, Xiaonan), usually takes pays to butter the Kitchen God up! sweeten his words. place a week before the Lunar New Year. One way to ensure a sweet report is to On New Year’s Day, the Kitchen God is This year, it fell on Jan 17. Kitchen God (灶 offer a sweet sticky rice cake. Other treats welcomed back via the posting of a new pa- 君) is the deity who oversees the activities can include sweet bean paste, ripe melons, per image of him beside the stove, a vantage of the kitchen as well as the moral character fruits, honey and sugar candies. The reason point where the Kitchen God will oversee of each household. Throughout the year, the behind this choice of offerings is to seal and protect the household for another year. household offers the Ktichen God food and his lips and to bribe him into presenting a Those households who also have a statue incense. But on the Festival of the Kitchen “sweet” picture of the household. Therefore, of the Kitchen God will make sure it gets God, the day he returns to heaven, special the sweeter the offerings, the better. a bath! attention is paid to the offering. After the food offering, a paper image Other preparations for welcoming the It is believed that the Kitchen God re- of the Kitchen God is burnt, dispatching the Kitchen God’s return include an overall turns to heaven to report the good and bad god's spirit to heaven. Some households also thorough cleaning of the home, decorating deeds of each household over the course of burn papier-mâché sedan chair or horses to with red paper cuts and couplets.♦ a year to the Jade Emperor. This report in- speed and ease the god’s journey to heaven. fluences the prosperity and abundance each If a paper effigy of the Kitchen God is burnt, Paper image of the Kitchen God The Allure of Matter: Material Art from China Date: Feb. 7-May 3 Locations: Smart Museum of Art, University of Chicago, 5550 S. Greenwood Ave. Chicago; Wrightwood 659, 659 W. Wrightwood, Chicago

Since the 1980s, artists working in China unique trend throughout recent history. “Untitled, Divine Proportion” by Ai Weiwei have experimented with various materials, The exhibition features 48 two- and three- transforming seemingly everyday objects dimensional works made from a range of into large-scale artworks. These artists unique and humble materials. have exploded fireworks into paintings, “Through their under-studied experi- felted hair into gleaming flags, stretched mentations and often overlooked use of un- pantyhose into monochromatic paintings, conventional materials, the artists featured deconstructed old doors and windows to in “The Allure of Matter” have broken away make sculptures, and even skillfully molded from past art practices and styles. Their porcelain into gleaming black flames. monumental works represent a multifac- Artists continue to explore and develop eted phenomenon that inspires us to ask this creative mode, with some devoting de- big questions about our relationship to the cades of their practice to experiments with everyday material world around us as well a single material. This exhibit, for the first as the interrelationship between Chinese time, brings together works in which con- art and broader trends in contemporary art scious material choice has become a means globally,” said Orianna Cacchione, exhibi- of the artists’ expression, representing this tion co-curator and Smart Museum Curator of Global Contemporary Art. From gunpowder to human hair, and silk to cigarettes, the materiality of contemporary art from China will be on display in two iconic Chicago neighborhoods this winter: the Smart Museum of Art on the South Side and Wrightwood 659 on the North Side. Guests are encouraged to visit both locations.♦ “United Nations: American Code” by GU Wenda. Material: human hair www.chinainsight.info society February 2020 / PAGE 11 Han Dynasty: Confucianism, consumerism and the pursuit of wealth in a changing China By Jackson Venjohn

Editor’s note: This is the second of a series ing is not as good as handicrafts, as you can imagine, grew to become very suggestions to open free markets as Sima of articles based on a thesis by Venjohn, and handicrafts are not as good as rich. Because of these illegal means of ac- Qian discussed during the Han Dynasty. University of Minnesota Carlson School trade; embroidering lovely patterns cruing wealth, the situation created a stigma These views toward businessmen did not of Management undergraduate and China at home is not as good as lounging at the time, that the trader or businessman change until the late 1800s after the Opium Insight intern, on how Confucianism has about the market gate. This means was thought to be an unsavory, unlawful Wars in China and Hong Kong. This is impacted consumerism in China, and the that the secondary occupations are individual. Fairbank and Goldman describe a stark contrast to the traditional philoso- trade-off between the individual’s pursuit of the best source of wealth for the an interesting “merchant-official complex” phy of the West regarding the pursuit of wealth vs virtue in Chinese society. poor man.1 where a businessman would have been able profits and is in disagreement with official Sima Qian is one of the first scholars to to grow power and influence in the govern- pronouncements and literature by Ban Gu Sima Qian (司馬遷) was a Chinese put forward and discuss economic theory ment to make changes if it were not for and other official historians throughout the historian living from 135 - 86 B.C. and one similar to contemporary free market theory, “Confucian values so strongly disesteemed Han Dynasty, which we will look at in next of the “most important historians in Chinese which F.A Hayek & John Maynard Keynes in the profit motive.” Goldman and Fair- month’s issue.♦ culture.” A chapter, “The Money-makers,” would discuss nearly 2,000 years later. Sima bank went on to explain: in his book “Records of the Grand Histori- Qian believed that in addition to agriculture, “In deference to the Confucian 1. Sima, Qian. Records of the Grand Historian of ans of China” (Shihji) provides a number of mining, crafts, trading and other secondary ideology, official pronouncements China, Vol. 2. E-book, New York: Columbia Univer- sity Press, 1971, https://hdl-handle-net.ezp1.lib.umn. examples of successful wealth accumula- occupations served the development of a for the next 2,000 years would gen- edu/2027/heb.06046. Accessed 1 Dec 2019. tors. Where Confucius was a philosopher, country. Every aspect of society serves its erally denigrate merchants, while 2. Florence, C, The Money Making in Ancient China: historian Sima Qian approached the ques- own purpose and is required for a commu- officials in practice would profit from A Literature Review Journey Through Ancient Texts, tions relating to morality and the pursuit nity to operate together effectively. When licensing, taxing, and sharing pri- Journal of Business Ethics, (2010) 91:17-35 of profits from an alternate angle. As we writing about the traders of ancient times, vate deals with them. The merchant’s 3. Fairbank, John King, and Merle Goldman. China: a New History. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of explored in last month’s article, although Sima Qian thought highly of them for their dependence on official approval or Harvard University Press, 2006. Confucius did not object to gaining wealth, intelligence and work ethic, this contradict- cooperation would seldom stimulate he was not clear on the means by which it ing prevailing thought as we will discover in risk-taking entrepreneurship.”3 was acceptable to proceed in pursuing that next month’s article. Sima Qian clarified his During this period in the Han Dynasty Sima Qian's surname (family name) wealth. Sima Qian provided useful perspec- stance toward businessmen, writing about and after, many Chinese did not aspire to is Sima, one of the rare double-charac- tives during the Han Dynasty on morally the examples of outstanding and unusually become businessmen (shangren, 商人) as ter Chinese family names. According pursuing wealth. wealthy men. In “Shihji,” he wrote: they were commonly viewed negatively to Wikipedia, “Sima” is an occupation None of them enjoyed any titles by the public and the state. We will exam- name where “si” means “control” or fiefs, gifts, or salaries from the ine in subsequent articles, Mao Zedong’s and “ma” means “horse.” The Sima government, nor did they play tricks failed policy in the 1950s and 1960s was clan was said to be descendants of the with the law or commit any crimes to largely because of his disagreements with mythological figures Gaoyang and his acquire their fortunes. They simply Sima Qian’s sentiment toward the markets. son Chongli, who served under the guessed what course conditions were Deng Xiaoping’s Reform and Opening mythical emperors Yao and Shun during going to take and acted accordingly, of China in 1978 was based on economic the Xia and Shang dynasties. kept a sharp eye out for the opportunities of the times, and so were able to capture a fat profit. They gained their wealth in the secondary occupations and held on to it by investing HOST FAMILIES NEEDED in agriculture; they seized hold of it Host a Chinese student and make a difference… in times of crisis and maintained it in times of stability. Enrich their experience and enhance your own Sima Qian recognized that traders and Sima Qian businessmen not only served their own ♦ As a host family you share American In chapter 129, “The Money Makers,” interests but implicitly helped the economy culture with a student from China memoir 69, Sima Qian writes: through their investments, providing growth and provide them more than they Only when the granaries are and stability for markets. In modern times, could learn in a classroom. full can people appreciate rites history is documented most systematically [li, 禮, correct behavior, cardinal through academia with the help of many ♦ Learn about their culture, explore Confucian belief] and obligations; sources, but in ancient times in China, his- the differences and develop new only when they have enough food tory and truth were defined by the govern- connections. and clothing can they think about ment through official historical publications. glory and disgrace. Rites [li] are “The Records of Grand Historian of China” Global Learning Alliance (GLA) is a Twin Cities based organization that born of plenty and are abandoned (“Shihji”) by Sima Qian was “never con- serves as a facilitator to assist students from China that want to study in in time of want. When superior men sidered an official historical text” as other the United States. To ensure that the students obtain the best experience [junzi] become rich, they delight in following examples we will look at were possible, GLA seeks to place the students with host families. The length of practicing virtue [de, 德]; but when considered.2 Sima Qian’s “Shihji” was con- their stay could vary from a few months to a full school year and include mean-minded men are rich, they long sidered his own ideas and attitudes, rather high school and college students of both sexes. only to exercise power. As fish by than the official position authorized by the nature dwell in the deepest pools and emperor. This aspect is important because Since we recognize that hosting a student from China may place a financial wild beasts congregate in the most through his work Sima Qian was effectively burden on some families, we will provide some financial reimbursement secluded mountains, so benevolence criticizing Confucius and the establishment and uprightness [ren, 仁, yi, 義] at- in a way that lead to controversy regarding but expect a family to be a host because of the mutual cultural exchange tach themselves to a man of wealth. his perspectives on pursuing wealth. that both will receive and not just the financial aspect. Using much of the same phrases and During Sima Qian’s time (Han Dynasty), characters as Confucius in “The Analects,” the government controlled the economy and While we are seeking host families in all parts the Twin Cities area, we are Sima Qian criticized Confucius’ belief, many aspects of life including land owner- especially seeking families in Eden Prairie. saying that the pursuit of wealth is good ship and wealth dispersion. All trading in for humans, natural and necessary before the cities was at state markets, where of- To learn more about being a host family, contact Richard He at focusing on benevolence and uprightness. ficials set commodity and currency prices, 612-987-6540 or email, [email protected]. Furthermore, Sima Qian believed those collecting taxes. Registered shop owners qualities were more of an output from in the cities were not allowed to own land, achieving a satisfactory level of life rather become government officials, or enjoy de- than an input to a happy and virtuous life as cent lifestyles. Conversely, the unregistered Confucius would suggest. Sima Qian went shop owners, developed relationships with a step further, suggesting: officials that allowed them to own land If a man is trying to work his way (unethically and borderline illegally). These up from poverty to riches, then farm- traders started inns along trading roads, and PAGE 12 / February 2020 books www.chinainsight.info “China Tomorrow: Democracy or Dictatorship?” by Jean-Pierre Cabestan By Francis P. Sempa, Asian Review of Books, Jan 1, 2020

Author: Jean-Pierre Cabestan Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield Publication date: July 2019 Softcover: 217 pages Cabestan is professor of political scienceand head of the De- partment of Government and Internatitonal Studies at Hong Kong Baptist University. He is also senior research fellow at the French Centre for Research on Contemporary China in Hong Kong. From 1994 to 1998, he was director of the Taipei Office of the CEFC (French Centre for Research on Contemporary China). In 1990-1991, he was a lecturer at the Politics Depart- ment of the School of Oriental and African Studies. He also has published numerous articles and contributions in English on China’s political system and reform, Chinese law, the relations across the Taiwan Strait, and Taiwanese politics. He received his Ph.D. from the University Paris 1 Panthéon- Sorbonne.

Whither China? It is perhaps the most contributing to the current Chinese regime’s in the manner of Singapore; and activists [W]hen taxpayers want to be important question on the minds of states- resilience and stability: the omnipresent and public intellectuals who call for a full- politically represented, and when men, diplomats, and scholars. French po- Party-state bureaucracy; the regime’s con- fledged multi-party democracy. elites and society find it unaccept- litical scientist Jean-Pierre Cabestan, who trol over economic enterprises and elites; the Those potential vulnerabilities, however, able to jail people for their ideas, teaches at Hong Kong Baptist University, Leninist nature of the Chinese Communist will not be sufficient to overcome, at least have had enough of being ruled by attempts to supply the answer in his new Party which oversees and administers “an in the near term, the regime’s unbending a secret society—the CPC—and book China Tomorrow: Democracy or efficient system of repression”; the inces- commitment to avoid suffering the fate of conclude that only a democratic Dictatorship? tuous nature of the economic and political the Soviet Communist Party. This com- China can become a respected The title of the book is a bit misleading interests of the Chinese nomenklatura; the mitment was demonstrated at Tiananmen great power and full member of the because from the outset Cabestan contends Party’s control of the military and security Square in 1989 and is being demonstrated international community. that China will continue to be a one-party services; a growing and satisfied middle in the streets of Hong Kong today. China’s And Cabestan believes that the Western authoritarian state for the foreseeable future. class; and the leadership’s cautious approach leadership, according to Cabestan, has made democracies can promote such democratic China’s Communist Party has installed what on the international stage. stability its top priority: tendencies in China by exercising a prudent Cabestan calls a “‘new authoritarian equilib- The author recognizes potential regime [T]o a large extent the party is mix of engagement and confrontation. rium,’ which should help with maintaining vulnerabilities, including increasing expo- able to stem overly direct political Cabestan believes that Francis Fuku- its dictatorship for a long time.” Communist sure to liberal Western ideas of democracy expressions, relying on major re- yama’s theory of “the end of history” is ideology is still utilized by the regime, but and political rights; public demonstrations pressive as well as ideological, orga- correct, and that China, presumably like all Cabestan, like other China watchers, be- of those rights by citizens of Taiwan and nizational, economic, and financial countries, will eventually evolve towards lieves the regime’s continuing legitimacy Hong Kong; domestic protests by national means to ensure the collaboration democracy. China, however, does not have depends much more on economic success minority groups in places like Tibet and of large sections of society, with its to become a democracy to become a “re- and appeals to nationalism. Xinjiang; “liberal” elites who favor a move monopoly hold over politics as well spected great power” and a “full member Cabestan cites the following factors as toward a less stringent authoritarianism as its acts of coercion and control. of the international community.” It is now both and is still an authoritarian dictatorship. The Chinese Communist Party will do Fukuyama’s theory, which he advanced at what it has to do to stay in power. Cabestan the end of the Cold War, looks weaker with notes President Xi Jinping’s accumulation each passing year. ♦ Be Your Own Boss! of dictatorial powers, but senses that some members of the Chinese nomenklatura China Insight is seeking a self-motivated individual oppose granting Xi Mao-like authority. If About the reviewer to sell advertising space for our newspaper. China there is such an internal struggle, however, Insight has been publishing for 15 years. The ideal it seems quite clear that Xi is winning. And Francis P. Sempa is the author of individual we seek must be passionate about our Xi has unambiguously used economic suc- “Geopolitics: From the Cold War to the mission, be resourceful, creative and capable of cess and promoted nationalism as tools for 21st Century” and “America’s Global working independently. We offer a very generous maintaining the Party’s hold over society. Role: Essays and Reviews on National commission structure and you get to set your Yet, in the book’s concluding chapter, Security, Geopolitics and War”. His own hours. Cabestan describes the Chinese Communist writings appear in The Diplomat, Party as a regime on “extended reprieve.” Joint Force Quarterly, the University Contact Greg Hugh at 612-723-4872 or email He believes that in the long term, China Bookman and other publications. He is [email protected] is destined to become a democracy. The an attorney and an adjunct professor of current Chinese regime will end, he writes, political science at Wilkes University. www.chinainsight.info books February 2020 / PAGE 13 “The Shenzhen Experiment: The Story of China’s Instant City” by Juan Du Reviewed by Jonathan Chatwin, Asian Review of Books, Jan 18, 2020

Author: Juan Du Publisher: Harvard University Press Publication date: January 2020 Softcover: 369 pages Du, an award-winning architect and urban planner with extensive experience in China, Europe, and the United States, has been featured in international publications as one of Asia’s top designers. She is Associate Dean of the Faculty of Archi- tecture at the University of Hong Kong and was formerly on the faculty of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She leads IDU_Architecture, a research and design office based in Hong Kong. Du is also the founding academic director of the Shenzhen Center for Design and is actively involved in the ongoing development and planning of the city.

Is Shenzhen now China’s most impor- tionship, albeit distant, with reality. Howev- reforms: Deng as a kindly “old man,” and in the countryside must begin with tant city? In August of 2019, the country’s er, the evolution of this city has been far less the “miracle” of Shenzhen. an understanding of the country- State Council released a statement announc- straightforward — and straightforwardly Jiang became successful songwriter, side before industrialization. ing that Shenzhen was to be developed into positive — than this founding mythology composing other laudatory musical ac- a “pilot demonstration area of socialism suggests. counts of China’s leadership: in 2010, his Later sections examine the modern ur- with Chinese characteristics”, with the aim The book begins not with an abstract Shenzhen transformation complete, he was ban development of the city, and the tension of it becoming a “global benchmark city”. story of Shenzhen’s early history, but a named one of “Thirty Outstanding People between lucrative redevelopment and the The timing of the announcement was un- personal tale which epitomizes its spirit of Shenzhen.” The story of Jiang and his preservation of Shenzhen’s urban villages, surprising; the government attention to be of transformation. Jiang Kairui made his song is foregrounded in “The Shenzhen which provide essential housing to newcom- lavished on Shenzhen is in direct response way to Shenzhen from the far north-east Experiment” because, the author observes, ers to the city as well as being fortresses to the current situation in Hong Kong. An of the country in 1992, a few months after of vibrancy and diversity in a city which editorial in the Global Times put it: Deng Xiaoping’s now equally mythologized [T]he story of Shenzhen is not is becoming increasingly homogenized, “Southern Tour,” in which the ostensibly simply one of reforms and policies; at least in architectural terms. At all times Shenzhen has become a key retired leader toured Shenzhen and other it is a collection of stories of per- the individual experience of the city is fore- ground for China to tackle tricky is- nearby cities to affirm the policies of reform sonal struggles and redemptions. grounded, ensuring the reader retains a sense sues from a seemingly never-ending and opening which he had pioneered. of the personal within the urban. trade and technological battle with At 57, Jiang was unusually old for an This employment of personal anecdote As we try to read the runes of last sum- the US to chaos in the Hong Kong incomer to the city; this was a place where is carried over to the book’s other sections, mer’s announcement that Shenzhen is to Special Administrative Region. the average age was under 25. He found a and “The Shenzhen Experiment” does an become once more a pioneering model job, however, and settled in to his new life. excellent job of balancing broader historical city for China, Juan Du’s book provides a Juan Du’s new book “The Shenzhen Ex- A budding lyricist, in December of the same narratives of the city’s development with nuanced and detailed historical grounding, periment: The Story of China’s Instant City,” year he was moved to write a song about smaller scale stories of individual and com- drawing on a diverse range of sources and is welcome, then, in providing some histori- the city which had become its home. It was munity experiences, thus avoiding the syn- primary research. Blending the personal and cal context on this city’s development. And called “The Story of Spring”: ecdochical dangers of talking of Shenzhen the historical, it is an outstanding primer on context is sorely needed; much coverage of as a homogeneous, conscious entity. the fascinating fortunes of a city which will Shenzhen’s development repeats the same The year of 1979 As well as relating the personal stories only grow in national and global signifi- lazy, CCP-derived tropes of a “fishing vil- That was a spring of the city, “The Shenzhen Experiment” also cance over the course of the next decade.♦ lage turned megalopolis” or a technological There was a great man endeavors to move beyond the caricature city of the future. The author notes in her Drawing a circle by the South of Shenzhen as a history-less tabula rasa: a introduction: China Sea blank landscape onto which Deng Xiaoping Mythically building a great city simply drew a circle. The area which would About the reviewer Whether viewed as cliché or Miraculously forming a moun- become “Shenzhen” was a well-populated cherished as an origin story, the tain of gold and culturally rich landscape, and its history Jonathan Chatwin is the author of Shenzhen myth embodies China’s Shenzhen! Shenzhen! is here outlined in detail. The author quite travelogue “Long Peace Street: A walk global rise at the turn of the twenty- The Test Pilot of China’s Re- rightly comments: in modern China.” He holds a Ph.D. first century. The myth has become form and Opening. in English literature, and is author more powerful than any facts about The region’s long history can- of “Anywhere Out of the World,” a the city. The song would eventually become a not be discounted in any narrative literary biography of the traveller and huge national hit and forever entwined two of post-1979 Shenzhen, and any writer Bruce Chatwni (no relation). Like all myths, Shenzhen’s has a rela- images in the story of China’s economic understanding of industrialization PAGE 14 / February 2020 travel www.chinainsight.info Wuhan Continued from page 1

156 provincial and municipal key cultural watch tower. It had been destroyed and Located in central Wuhan, there are four The centuries-old Hubu Alley is situated relics protection units. Famous landmark reconstructed seven times. The last tower areas within the East Lake scenic area: Ting- at Simenkou, Wuchang District. Known as architecture includes the Wuhan Yangtze was built in 1868, but burnt down in 1884. tao (Listening to Surging Waves), Mo Hill "the First Alley for Chinese Snacks" because River Bridge, Yuefei Pavilion and the Yel- In 1981, Wuhan City Government decided (Millstone Hill), Chuidi (Playing Flutes) and of numerous delicious snacks, it is about 50- low Crane Tower. to rebuild the tower at its present location. Luoyan (Diving Wild Goose), each with its ft. long and 9-ft. wide, one of the must-visit But to history buffs, Wuhan is famous It was completed in 1985. An elevator was own unique features places in Wuhan. for something much bigger! The metropo- added to the new structure. The lake is surrounded by mountains Hubu Alley has been serving Chinese lis has a 3,500-year-long history. During and rivers. In early March through April, traditional breakfasts, such as hot and dry the Taiping Rebellion (1850-1864), the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge East Lake is famous for its plum blossoms, noodles, beef noodles, Chinese doughnuts Wuhan area had been under the control 武漢長江大橋 followed by cherry blossoms. The cherry and soup dumplings. The alley’s name is of rebel forces for many years. When the trees were planted during the Japanese oc- based on its location in the Ming Dynasty, Qing Dynasty lost the second Opium War cupation of Wuhan. which was the “hubu,” Ministry of Revenue (1856-1860), they had to sign the Treaties of in feudal China. Since 2002, the narrow al- Tianjin and the Convention of Peking, which Jianghan Pedestrian Street ley has been expanded to four parts: the old stipulated 11 cities or regions as trading 江漢路步行街 alley of Hubu Alley, middle section of Ziyou ports. Hankou was one of them. (Hankou Road, west end of Minzhu Road and south had been a fairly busy trading port even section of Dufudi, forming a great block to during the Han Dynasty.) taste authentic local food and experience By 1900, Hankou had flourished. Secret the local culture. Also, it is only about a societies against the Qing Dynasty were ac- 20-minute walk to the Yellow Crane Tower. tive in Wuhan. Eleven years later, October 1911, Sun Yat-sen’s followers launched the Yangtze River is the longest river in Hubei Provincial Museum Wuchang Uprising that eventually led to the China and the third longest in the world. The 湖北省博物馆 demise of the Qing Dynasty and the found- bridge was “the Chinese People's first try to ing of the Chinese Republic. overcome the Yangtze River,” connecting Wuhan became the capital of the left the north and south banks and the Beijing- Located in the center of Hankou District, wing of the Kuomintang, in opposition to the Wuhan Railroad and Wuhan-Guangdong Jianghan Street stretches nearly a mile from faction led by Chiang Kai-shek. When Nan- Railway. It is also the first double-decker Yanjiang Avenue in the south to Jiefang king fell during the second Sino-Japanese bridge over the Yangtze (upper level for Avenue in the north. It is claimed to be the War in December 1937, Wuhan became the cars, lower deck for railway). longest pedestrian street in all of China. provisional capital of the Kuomintang. It Construction of the bridge began in Boasting various kinds of architecture came under Japanese occupation by 1938 1955 and finished in 1957 and contributed -- Roman, Byzantine, European or classic and the major Japanese logistics center for to national economic development. styles -- the 100-year-old street is known as Japanese operations in southern China. As Additional sites to visit in Wuhan: "Wuhan's architectural museum of the 20th a result, it came under heavy attack in De- century." Its night market, lined with booths cember 1944 – bombs dropped from 77 U.S. selling local snacks, clothes and pets, is also bombers set off a firestorm and destroyed Heptachord Terrace 武漢七頭陽臺 extremely popular with locals and visitors. Bronze bells, past of the Music Hall exhibit, much of the city. Hubei Provincial Museum Not only has Wuhan overcome all the Guiyuan Temple 歸元寺 conflicts and battles, it has grown into an Located in Wuchang District, it is the important trade, finance, transportation and only comprehensive museum in the entire information technology center. It has foreign province. Covering almost half a million investments from 80 countries and includes square feet, it houses more than 200,000 engineering, materials and environmental historical and cultural relics, including pot- protection industries. Former U.K Prime tery, porcelains, jade, bronze and ancient Minister Teresa May visited the city and musical instruments, of which nearly 1,000 some of its well-known tourist attractions are listed as first-class relics of China. The in 2018. Chime Bells Exhibition Hall contains two Two of the tourist attractions May vis- parts: The Exhibition Hall and the Music ited were: Hall - the largest ancient instrument exhibition hall in China. 黄鹤楼 Located in the north of Hanyang District Yellow Crane Tower on the banks of Moon Lake, it is a reminder of the legend of Yu Boya, a famous official Wuhan art scene who was an expert heptachord player. The Guiyuan Temple was built in 1658, Wuhan Art Gallery’s stunning Chinese terrace was built in honor of the friendship during the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), by watercolour paintings are just a snippet between Yu and a woodcutter who appreci- a monk named Bai Guang. Covering an of what’s going on in Central China’s art ated Yu’s music. When the woodcutter died area of 11.5 acres, the temple is famous scene. The city is now attracting more before a planned meeting between the two for its magnificent architecture, elegant and more international exhibitions given friends, Yu was grief-stricken. He set up an sculptures and abundance of Buddhist texts, Wuhan’s rich cultural heritage, romantic altar by his friend’s grave and played the statues, stone sculptures, calligraphy works landscapes and arty areas such as Tan Hua two pieces his friend so enjoyed and that and ancient codes and records in foreign Lin walking street. These areas are packed was the last time he played the heptachord! languages. with bohemian stores and showcase some Water surrounds the stone terrace on The main building in the northern court- of the best of Wuhan’s handicrafts and their three sides. There is a courtyard, teahouse yard was originally built from 1920 to 1922. creators in action. This tower is recognized as one of the and an arboretum. There also is a wax ex- The two-storey pavilion-style building is Now may not be the time to visit Wuhan, three most notable towers in the south of the hibit depicting how the two men became about 75 feet tall. It is the only ancient build- but when the virus blows over, Wuhan has Yangtze River (the other two are Yueyang good friends and a white marble statue of ing with brick-wood construction in Wuhan. much to offer: vast and picturesque lakes, Pavilion in Hunan Province and Tengwang Yu playing the haptachord. variety of architecture, street vendor foods, Pavilion in Jiangxi Province). It is said that 戶部巷 and at a much more affordable level than even a 4-year-old Chinese kid may know Hubu Alley East Lake 武漢東湖風景區 Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. So, get of this tower because of the famous poem a head start on your trip planning now. ♦ "Huang He Lou," which translates to "Yel- low Crane Tower." The tower was said to have been an inspiration destination for many, including poet Li Bai, as it provides a good vantage point to see the entire city of Wuhan as well Read ChinaInsight online as the Yangtze River. www.chinainsight.info It was originally built in A.D. 223 during the Three Kingdom period as a military Cherry blossoms in full bloom, East Lake www.chinainsight.info commentary February 2020 / PAGE 15 Excelling and striving for prominence as Americans By Major General Bill Chen, U.S. Army, retired

America is a land of immigrants. We descriptor? After all, we are and must think speaking their native language even as they of origin. are all immigrants or descendants of im- of ourselves as Americans. We must excel transition to be Americans. Assimilation On May 16, 2019, I.M. Pei died in migrants, unless we are Native Americans. and strive for excellence and prominence is less a need and less emphasized in our Manhattan, New York. He was an American As a descendant of a Chinese railroad as Americans. environment. architect of Chinese ancestry. The New worker, in May last year, I was invited to I betray my age when I say that in the For those who are of Chinese or Asian York Times gave tribute to him as “the most speak at the Golden Spike Conference at 7th grade in Washington, D.C., my social ancestry, no matter how many generations prominent American architect of his genera- Salt Lake City to celebrate the 150th An- studies book talked of immigrants com- in America and even though we are native tion.” The New York Times did not write niversary of the Transcontinental Railroad. ing to America for political, religious, and or natural born Americans -- we continue to of him as a prominent Chinese American I highlighted the contributions of Chinese economic reasons, and described America get viewed as foreigners by our skin color. In architect, or that Chinese American architect railroad workers and conveyed that they as a melting pot. Those were the days when one quick generation, Northern and South- I.M. Pei passed away. The recognition given were a part of the Legacy of Progress of assimilation was a more commonly used ern European immigrants become known as to him was that he was the most prominent Chinese Americans in the United States. I term. Terms like diversity, inclusion, and Americans. We seldom hear of Norwegian American architect in his generation. He just continued by saying that with the freedom multiculturalism were yet to be invented Americans, German Americans, or Italian happened to be of Chinese ancestry. that we have and our rule of law in this and used. Americans. Yet we continually hear of Yes, let’s be proud of the language, great country of ours – only in America can Whether or not Americans of Chinese Japanese Americans, Korean Americans and culture and heritage of our country of an- descendants of Chinese railroad workers ancestry were considered in the melting pot Chinese Americans. Why is that? Because cestry. But, let’s get rid of our qualifiers. go on and attain prominent positions in our can probably be debated. I do know that as a the latter group has not totally assimilated. In whatever profession we are in, let’s get society and country. I arbitrarily set a goal of youngster growing up in the 1950s, I wanted And, members of the latter group like to known as Americans. Let’s excel and strive 50 years and conveyed a vision, “Wouldn’t to be an American -- speaking nothing but classify themselves as Americans with the for prominence as Americans. ♦ it be nice if at the 200th Anniversary of the English, and not much interested in learn- qualifier of their country of ancestry or ori- Transcontinental Railroad, someone could ing about Chinese culture and traditions, gin, and more so to distinguish themselves say that only in America could the descen- even being ashamed to speak the little bit from native Japanese, Koreans and Chinese. Maj. Gen. William Chen is a regular dant of a Chinese railroad worker become of Chinese that my mother taught me. Was I have nothing against motivations to contributor to China Insight. His re- the president of the United States.” it because that was the time of the Korean excel or strive for prominence as Japanese cent contributions include: Story arc Visions can only transform into reality War when China was the enemy, or was it Americans, Korean Americans, Chinese of Chinese American WWII veterans, if there is some prescription of a path for- the overall environment that we are Ameri- Americans, or other “type” Americans. China Insight, November-December ward. My prescription, quite simply, is that cans and must be Americans to be integrated However, I would like to offer as an objec- 2019 and 150th anniversary of the perhaps it’s time for us to stop talking about into society? tive that we -- and particularly the younger Transcontinental Railroad, China In- ourselves as Chinese Americans or Asian Times are now different. The climate generation -- excel or strive for prominence sight, June 2019. Americans. Do we need that adjective or now is that immigrant families want to retain as Americans, with no qualifier of country

News China extends Spring Festival holiday to contain coronavirus outbreak Call for Articles… Concerned about misconceptions about China? Source: Xinhua ChinaInsight is a local newspaper fostering U.S.-China cultural BEIJING, Jan. 27 (Xinhua) -- China originally to end on Jan. 30. and business harmony. announced Monday that the Lunar New Universities, primary and middle schools Year holiday will be extended to Feb. 2 as and kindergartens across the country will We are interested in publishing articles that engage audiences in a measure to contain the novel coronavirus postpone the opening of the spring semester America. Potential topics range from understanding daily life in China outbreak. until further notice. (or for Chinese in America) to discussions of business markets from The General Office of the State Council Employees unable to take leave due to both an American or Chinese viewpoint. said in an announcement that the measure epidemic prevention and control can take is taken to effectively reduce mass gather- deferred holidays in accordance with the ings, block the spread of the epidemic, and labor Law. Their wages and remuneration For example, consider the following: to better safeguard the safety and health of for the untaken leave should be paid in ac- • Chinese movies/entertainment the Chinese people. cordance with relevant policies.♦ • Book reviews The holiday started on Jan. 24 and was • Minnesota-China ties/relationships • Recommended Chinese restaurants/food • Chinese painting/calligraphy • Chinese impressions of America • Tea Production Editor Needed • Impressions of China by Americans • Chinese musical instruments Great opportunity to gain experience in laying out China Insight, • American business people in China a monthly tabloid newspaper that has serving the community for • Questions about China 17-plus years. • Cartoons • Chinese immigrants that have succeeded in America • The right candidate must know InDesign Creative Suite • Local Chinese businesses and have graphics background. • Chinese-owned businesses in Minnesota • Reliability and ability to meet deadlines are critical. • Travel tales • A strong interest in Chinese culture and business matters • Cross-cultural exchanges in education and businesses will be an asset. • Americans who are studying Chinese – why are you learning Chinese? • Must be willing to take creative initiative and be a team • How do Chinese students adapt to America? player. • Chinese business customs

This is classified as a volunteer position, but a small stipend will If you would like to contribute an article, please contact Greg Hugh be provided to the right individual who demonstrates a strong at (952) 472-4757 or e-mail [email protected]. passion for our mission and can work with minimal supervision.

Send resumé to Greg Hugh at [email protected] or call 612-723-4872 PAGE 16 / February 2020 education www.chinainsight.info Yinghua Academy students into the Year of the Rat To get the students into the spirit of Chinese New Year, Yinghua Academy, the only In addition to the art contest, all 825 students, kindergartners through eight graders, Mandarin immersion school in Minneapolis, held an art contest open to all grades. Students participated in Yinghua’s annual Chinese New Year performances at Bethel University on were asked to submit artwork related to the upcoming new year celebrations. They could Jan. 25. Half performed in the 11:30 a.m. show and the other half in the 4:30 p.m. show. use paint, ink or pencil, and were asked to submit on 8.5 x 11” paper. The performance, “A True Friendship with Valor and Kindness,” is about the impe- Although a variety of suggested “themes” were presented to them, the majority of rial cat and five (kindergartner) mice. There were also kung fu, ribbon dance, lion dance students chose to submit their interpretation of this year’s animal, the rat! Winners were (featuring a newly purchased third lion!), dragon dance, and heartwarming songs and chosen by past-year artists as well as staff. Winning selections were featured on the stories in Mandarin. school’s Chinese New Year performance program. The week before the performances, students practiced and practiced to ensure a flaw- The rat on our front page is the work of fifth grader Emerson Scanlon less performance! ♦ Love those rats, don’t you?

Please join us for our First 2020 Sunday Tea on February 16

for a presentation of

Chinese Snuff Bottles from the Mia Collection

Sixth graders take a break from "Sleeve Dance" rehearsal (above) and fifth graders

rehearsing the lion dance (below) by

Dr. Yang Liu, Curator of Chinese Art @ Mia

Dr. Liu will speak on Mia's vast collection of Chinese snuff bottles (some currently on exhibit) and their fascinating motifs and materials. Small enough to fit in the palm of your hand, yet often incredibly ornate, these snuff bottles were made from materials such as ivory, gold, rhinoceros horn, coral, or semiprecious stones. So come to hear about their purported power of bringing wealth, health, good luck, longevity, and even immortality to their owners!

Sunday, February 16, 2020

1:00 PM – 3:00 PM

Studio 120

Traffic Zone Center for Visual Art 250 Third Avenue North, Minneapolis. $10 admission – hearty snacks will be served

RSVP: to [email protected] or 612-275-5381

Chinese Heritage Foundation Friends 6711 Lakeshore Drive, #1200 Richfield MN 55423 www.chineseheritagefoundation.org