Environmental Impact Assessment for Relocation of Powerhouse at Ga

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR RELOCATION OF POWERHOUSE AT GA.MAAMENDHOO, GA.NILANDHOO, AND Prepared by: GDH.THINADHOO Mahfooz Abdul Wahhab (EIA P22/2016) Nashfa Nashidh (EIA T02/2020) Aishath Alhan Hameed (EIA T11/2019)

June 2020 Table of Contents Letter of commitment ...... ix Declaration of proponent ...... x Declaration of consultant ...... xi Executive summary ...... xii ާސާލުޚ ާދާސ ...... xiv 1. Introduction ...... 16 1.2 Structure of the EIA ...... 16

1.2 Project background ...... 17

1.3 Need for the project ...... 17

1.4 Project objectives ...... 17

1.5 The EIA process ...... 17

1.6 Purpose of this EIA...... 18

1.7 Terms of reference (ToR) ...... 18

1.8 EIA implementation ...... 18

1.9 The proponent ...... 18

1.9.1 Power generation services ...... 19 1.9.2 Water and wastewater services ...... 19 1.9.3 Waste management services ...... 20 2. Statutory Requirements ...... 21 2.1 Law on general public services (4/96) ...... 21

2.2 Maldives Energy Policy and Strategy 2016 ...... 21

2.3 National Action Plan on Air Pollution 2019 ...... 22

2.4 Environmental Protection and Preservation Act (4/93) ...... 22

2.5 1st addendum to Environmental Protection and Preservation Act (4/93) law no 12/2014 23

2.6 Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation 2012 ...... 23

2.7 2nd addendum to the Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation 2012 ...... 24

2.8 3rd addendum to the Environmental Impact Regulation 2012 ...... 24

2.9 4th addendum to the Environmental Impact Regulation 2017 ...... 24

2.10 5th addendum to the Environmental Impact Regulation 2018 ...... 25

2.11 Strategic Action Plan – SAP,2019 ...... 25

2.12 Waste management policy ...... 25

2.13 Waste Management Regulation ...... 25 i

2.14 Regulation on the provision of electricity to Male’ and islands ...... 25

2.15 Guideline for power system approval ...... 26

2.16 Regulation on the use, handling, and storage of oil...... 26

2.17 Requirement for Fire Prevention Equipment in Buildings ...... 26

2.18 National wastewater guideline ...... 29

2.19 Regulation on uprooting, cutting and transportation of palms and trees ...... 29

2.20 Built Environment regulations ...... 30

2.21 Dewatering Guideline ...... 30

2.22 Waste incinerator guideline (WIG) ...... 31

2.23 International Conventions...... 32

2.23.1 United Nations ...... 32 2.23.2 Paris Agreement ...... 32 2.23.3 The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer ...... 33 2.23.4 The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer ...... 33 2.23.5 Sustainable Development Goals ...... 33 2.23.6 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) ...... 34 2.23.7 Washington Declaration on Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities ...... 34 2.24 Regional plans and programs ...... 34

3. Project Description ...... 36 3.1 Study area, project boundary and surroundings ...... 36

3.2 Relevant development(s) in the area ...... 39

3.2.1 GA.Maamendhoo ...... 39 3.2.2 GA.Nilandhoo...... 39 3.2.3 GDh.Thinadhoo ...... 39 3.3 Purpose and scope of the project ...... 39

3.4 Description of existing facilities ...... 39

3.4.1 GA.Maamendhoo ...... 39 3.4.2 GA.Nilandhoo...... 39 3.4.3 GDh.Thinadhoo ...... 40 3.5 Proposed works...... 40

3.5.1 Construction of the new powerhouse ...... 40 3.5.2 Construction of Admin building ...... 40 3.5.3 Transfer and installation of generators and panel boards ...... 40 3.6 Powerhouse and Admin building ...... 40

3.6.1 Design ...... 41 3.6.2 Doors and Windows ...... 42 3.6.3 Roof and Wall Cladding system ...... 42

3.6.4 Lighting, small power, air conditioner and fans ...... 43 3.6.5 Safety Precautions ...... 43 3.6.6 Depth of foundation ...... 43 3.6.7 Emergency power mechanism ...... 43 3.6.8 Measures to increase power efficiency ...... 44 3.6.9 Safety components ...... 44 3.6.10 Fuel Management ...... 44 3.7 Project inputs and outputs...... 45

3.8 Construction method...... 46

3.8.1 Project Management ...... 46 3.8.2 Mobilization...... 47 3.8.3 Establishment of temporary project facilities ...... 47 3.8.4 Finishing ...... 47 3.8.5 Decommissioning ...... 47 3.9 Health and safety measures ...... 47

3.10 Project tasks already completed ...... 48

3.10.1 GA.Maamendhoo ...... 48 3.10.2 GA.Nilandhoo...... 48 3.10.3 GDh.Thinadhoo ...... 49 4 Methodology ...... 50 4.1 Terrestrial vegetation and wildlife ...... 52

4.2 Water quality ...... 53

4.3 Air quality ...... 53

4.4 Noise level ...... 54

4.5 Coastal environment...... 54

5 Existing environment ...... 55 5.1 The Maldivian Setting ...... 55

5.2 Climatic conditions ...... 56

5.2.1 Temperature ...... 57 5.2.2 Rainfall ...... 57 5.2.3 Wind ...... 58 5.3 General setting of study areas ...... 59

5.3.1 GA.Maamendhoo ...... 60 5.3.2 GA.Nilandhoo...... 60 5.3.3 GDh.Thinadhoo ...... 60 5.4 Terrestrial vegetation ...... 60

5.4.1 GA.Maamendhoo ...... 60 5.4.2 GA.Nilandhoo...... 61 5.4.3 GDh.Thinadhoo ...... 62 5.4.4 Land clearance ...... 62 5.5 Water quality ...... 62 iii

5.5.1 GA.Maamendhoo ...... 63 5.5.2 GA.Nilandhoo...... 63 5.5.3 GDh.Thinadhoo ...... 64 5.6 Air quality ...... 64

5.6.1 GA.Maamendhoo ...... 64 5.6.2 GA.Nilandhoo...... 65 5.6.3 GDh.Thinadhoo ...... 65 5.7 Noise level ...... 65

5.8 Coastal environment ...... 67

5.9 Socioeconomic status ...... 68

5.9.1 GA.Maamendhoo ...... 68 5.9.2 GA.Nilandhoo...... 68 5.9.3 GDh.Thinadhoo ...... 69 5.10 Hazard vulnerability ...... 70

5.10.1 Storms ...... 70 5.10.2 Cyclonic winds ...... 70 5.10.3 Storm surge ...... 71 5.10.4 Flooding ...... 72 5.10.5 Tsunami ...... 73 5.10.6 Fire, electrical, and explosion ...... 73 6 Stakeholder consultation ...... 75 6.1 Public consultation ...... 75

6.1.1 GA.Maamendhoo ...... 75 6.1.2 GA.Nilandhoo...... 76 6.1.3 GDh.Thinadhoo ...... 77 6.2 Consultation with island council ...... 78

6.2.1 GA.Maamendhoo ...... 78 6.2.2 GA.Nilandhoo...... 78 6.2.3 GDh.Thinadhoo ...... 79 6.3 Consultation with FENAKA branch staff ...... 80

6.3.1 GA.Maamendhoo ...... 80 6.3.2 GA.Nilandhoo...... 80 6.3.3 GDh.Thinadhoo ...... 81 6.4 Consultation with HPA ...... 82

6.5 Maldives Energy Authority (MEA) ...... 83

6.6 Ministry of Planning and Infrastructure and Maldives Land Survey Authority .... 83

7 Options assessment ...... 84 7.1 Purpose and need for the proposed development ...... 84

7.2 Alternatives ...... 84

7.2.1 Option 1: Maintain status-quo ...... 84 7.2.2 Option 2: Alternative locations...... 85 iv

8 Potential impact analysis ...... 90 8.1 Proposed sites ...... 90

8.2 Risk assessment methodology ...... 90

8.3 Limitations and uncertainties in impact prediction ...... 92

8.4 Constructional impacts ...... 92

8.4.1 Impacts on air quality ...... 93 8.4.2 Noise pollution ...... 93 8.4.3 Impacts from waste ...... 93 8.4.4 Oil leakage during machinery transfer ...... 93 8.4.5 Vegetation clearance ...... 94 8.4.6 Trenching impacts ...... 94 8.5 Operational impacts ...... 94

8.5.1 Air quality ...... 95 8.5.2 Noise pollution ...... 95 8.5.3 Socio-economic impacts ...... 95 8.5.4 Health impacts ...... 95 8.5.5 Water quality ...... 95 8.5.6 Impacts from waste oil ...... 96 8.5.7 Fire risk ...... 96 8.5.8 Vibration impacts ...... 96 8.5.9 Flooding ...... 96 9 Environmental management ...... 97 9.1 Proposed mitigation measures ...... 97

9.2 Risk management and incident response ...... 99

9.3 Sustainable development management policy ...... 99

9.4 Managing uncertainties ...... 99

9.5 Environmental monitoring ...... 99

10 Justification and conclusion...... 102 11 Acknowledgements ...... 103 12 References ...... 104 13 Appendices ...... 105 14 Appendix A- list of abbreviations ...... 106 15 Appendix B- Terms of reference ...... 107 16 APPENDIX C- Attendance sheets ...... 108 17 Appendix D- Fuel handling procedure of FENAKA Corporation Ltd...... 109 18 Appendix E-Land registrations for proposed locations of new powerhouses ..... 110 19 Appendix F- Land use plans ...... 111 20 Appendix G-Site plan for the proposed project ...... 112 21 Appendix H-Structural details of the proposed powerhouse ...... 113 22 Appendix I-Letters to stakeholders...... 114 23 Appendix J-Tentative work plan of the proposed project ...... 115 24 Appendix K- Groundwater test results from MWSC ...... 116 25 Appendix L-Vegetation compensation ...... 117 v

26 Appendix M- Health & safety procedure ...... 118 27 Appendix N- Curriculum vitae ...... 119 28 Appendix O- Atoll council receipt ...... 120

List of Figures Figure 1: Locations of the existing and proposed powerhouse in GA.Maamendhoo ...... 36 Figure 2: Locations of the existing and proposed powerhouse in GA.Nilandhoo ...... 37 Figure 3: Locations of the existing and proposed powerhouse in GDh.Thinadhoo...... 38 Figure 4: Cross-section of the Powerhouse building and chimney in Maamendhoo and Nilandhoo ...... 41 Figure 5: Cross section of the powerhouse building and chimney in Thinadhoo ...... 42 Figure 6: Construction progress in Maamendhoo ...... 48 Figure 7: Construction progress in Nilandhoo ...... 49 Figure 8: Construction progress in Thinadhoo ...... 49 Figure 9: Sampling points for groundwater, noise level, and air quality in GA.Maamendhoo (noise and air quality are taken at the same sampling points) ...... 50 Figure 10: Sampling points for groundwater, noise level, and air quality in GA.Nilandhoo (noise and air quality are taken at the same sampling points) ...... 51 Figure 11: Sampling points for groundwater, noise level, and air quality in GDh.Thinadhoo (noise and air quality are taken at the same sampling points) ...... 52 Figure 12: Locations of MET stations of Maldives and the project islands ...... 56 Figure 13: Mean, minimum, and maximum monthly temperatures for Kaadehdhoo from 1994 to 2019 (Data obtained from the Bureau of Meteorology, Maldives) ...... 57 Figure 14. Mean monthly rainfall (mm) for Kaadehdhoo from 1994 to 2019 (Data obtained from the Bureau of Meteorology, Maldives) ...... 58 Figure 15: Mean (right) and maximum (left) wind speeds for Kaadehdhoo from June 1994 to 2019 (Data obtained from the Bureau of Meteorology, Maldives) ...... 59 Figure 16: Location of project islands within Gaafu Alif and Gaafu Dhaal atoll ...... 59 Figure 17: Existing powerhouse and the vegetation in the rest of the plot that were cleared for the development of the new powerhouse ...... 61 Figure 18: New powerhouse location before vegetation clearance in GA.Nilandhoo ...... 61 Figure 19: Powerhouse site in GDh.Thinadhoo (left:before clearance, right:after clearance) ...... 62 Figure 20: Erosion at northern tip of GA.Maamendhoo ...... 67 Figure 21: Erosion near the desalination plant in GDh.Thinadhoo ...... 67 Figure 22: Cyclonic wind hazard map of the Maldives; category 5 is the highest risk zone and category 1 is the lowest (Adapted from UNDP, 2006) ...... 71 Figure 23: Storm hazard map of the Maldives from red to green red being highest risk (Adapted from UNDP, 2006)...... 71

Figure 24: Rainfall anomalies for Kaadehdhoo from 1994 to 2019 with the 10-year moving average. Red lines indicate +1 and -1 standard deviations from the mean. (Data obtained from the Bureau of Meteorology, Maldives)...... 72 Figure 25: Tsunami hazard zoning map (left) and hazard zones and their probably maximum wave height (right) of the Maldives; (Adapted from UNDP,2006) ...... 73 Figure 26: Map showing the Alternative location studied in Maamendhoo ...... 85 Figure 27: Map showing the Alternative location studied in Nilandhoo ...... 87 Figure 28: Map showing the Alternative location studied in Thinadhoo...... 88

List of tables Table 1: Existing generator capacity and fuel consumptions...... 39 Table 2: Existing generator capacity and fuel consumptions...... 39 Table 3: Existing generator capacity and fuel consumptions...... 40 Table 4. Major inputs required for the proposed project (per island) ...... 45 Table 5. Project outputs anticipated to be generated from the proposed project ...... 46 Table 6. Work profile required for implementation of the proposed project ...... 46 Table 7: Descriptions of water quality sampling location with GPS coordinates GA.Maamendhoo ...... 53 Table 8: Descriptions of water quality sampling location with GPS coordinates GA.Nilandhoo ...... 53 Table 9: Descriptions of water quality sampling location with GPS coordinates GDh.Thinadhoo ...... 53 Table 10: Descriptions of air quality and noise levels sampling location with GPS coordinates in GA.Maamendhoo ...... 53 Table 11: Descriptions of air quality and noise levels sampling location with GPS coordinates in GA.Nilandhoo ...... 54 Table 12: Descriptions of air quality and noise levels sampling location with GPS coordinates in GDh.Thinadhoo ...... 54 Table 13: Number and type of trees that were present at the site in GA.Maamendhoo (names from “Common plants of Maldives” by Kerala Forest Research Institute) ...... 60 Table 14: Number and type of trees that were present at the site in GA.Nilandhoo (names from “Common plants of Maldives” by Kerala Forest Research Institute) ...... 61 Table 15: Number and type of trees that were present at the site in GDh.Thinadhoo retrieved from initial EIA for Development of new powerhouse at GDh.Thinadhoo-2016 (names from “Common plants of Maldives” by Kerala Forest Research Institute)...... 62 Table 16: Water quality optimal ranges ...... 62 Table 17: Water quality test results from the existing powerhouse and proposed site at GA.Maamendhoo ...... 63

vii

Table 18: Water quality test results from the existing powerhouse and proposed site at GA.Nilandhoo ...... 63 Table 19: Water quality test results from the existing powerhouse and proposed site at GDh.Thinadhoo ...... 64 Table 20: Ambient air quality at surveyed locations in GA.Maamendhoo ...... 64 Table 21: Ambient air quality at surveyed locations in GA.Nilandhoo ...... 65 Table 22: Ambient air quality at surveyed locations in GDh.Thinadhoo ...... 65 Table 23: Ambient noise level at surveyed locations in GA.Maamendhoo ...... 66 Table 24: Ambient noise level at surveyed locations GA.Nilandhoo ...... 66 Table 25: Ambient noise level at surveyed locations GDh.Thinadhoo ...... 66 Table 26: Population details of GA.Maamendhoo (sourced from Census 2014 by National Bureau of Statistics and the local island council) ...... 68 Table 27: Population details of GA.Nilandhoo (sourced from Census 2014 by National Bureau of Statistics and the local island council) ...... 68 Table 28: Population details of GDh.Thinadhoo (sourced from Census 2014 by National Bureau of Statistics and the local island council) ...... 69 Table 29: Details of residents that participated in the survey ...... 75 Table 30: Details of residents that participated in the survey ...... 76 Table 31: Details of residents that participated in the survey ...... 77 Table 32. Risk assessment matrix ...... 91 Table 33. Grading scale of the characteristics of impacts ...... 91 Table 34. Predicted impacts and risk analysis anticipated during the construction phase of the project...... 92 Table 35. Summary of impacts during the construction phase of the project ...... 93 Table 36. Predicted impacts and risk analysis anticipated during the operation phase of the project ...... 94 Table 37. Summary of impacts during the operation phase of the project ...... 94 Table 38. Proposed mitigation measures for the identified risks during the construction and operation phases of the proposed project ...... 97 Table 39. Proposed environmental monitoring plan for construction and operation of the powerhouse ...... 100 Table 40. Monitoring schedule recommended for the construction of new powerhouse . 101

viii

LETTER OF COMMITMENT

ްޑެޓިމިލ ްނަޝޭރަޕރޯކ ަކަނެފ މާލެ، ދިވެހިރާއްޖެ

Environmental Protection Agency Male’ Republic of Maldives 6th June 2020

Dear Mr. Ibrahim Naeem

RE: Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Powerhouse Relocation at GA.Maamendhoo, GA.Nilandhoo, and GDh.Thinadhoo

As per the requirements of the EIA regulation, we hereby confirm our commitment to implement the mitigation measures and monitoring program according to what is proposed in the EIA report attached herewith.

Yours Sincerely,

Athhar Haleem

Director

Water, Sewerage and Environment Department

Fenaka Corporation Limited ްޑެޓިމިލ ްނަޝޭރަޕރޯކ ަކަނެފ th ޕޯރޓްސް ކޮމްޕްލެކްސް ބިލްޑިންގ 7 ވަނަ ފަންގިފިލާ، ހިލާލީ މަގ Ports Complex Building 7 Floor, HilaaleeMagu Male’ 20307, Republic of Maldives މާލެ 20307 ، ދިވެހިރާއްޖެ Tel: [960] 300 7555 : ްނޯފެލެޓ Email: [email protected] : ްލިއެމ.ީއ Fax: [960] 332 7555 : ްސްކެފ Website: www.fenaka.com.mv : ްޓިއަސްބެވ DECLARATION OF PROPONENT

ްޑެޓިމިލ ްނަޝޭރަޕރޯކ ަކަނެފ މާލެ، ދިވެހިރާއްޖެ

Declaration of proponent

As the representative of the proponent of the proposed project, I assure that I have read the report thoroughly and that to the best of my knowledge all information provided here is accurate and complete. In addition, I confirm our commitment to making sure that the contractor implements all mitigation measures proposed in the present report and adhere to the monitoring schedule given.

Name: Athhar Haleem Date: 6th June 2020

Signature:

This EIA has been prepared in accordance with the EIA regulation 2012. I certify that the statements made in this EIA are true, complete and correct to the best of my knowledge and abilities.

Mahfooz Abdul Wahhab (EIA P22/2016)

Nashfa Nashidh (EIA T02/2020)

Aishath Alhan Hameed (EIA T11/2019)

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. The purpose of this EIA is to critically analyse and assess the potential environmental impacts associated with the development of new powerhouses at GA.Maamendhoo, GA.Nilandhoo, and GDh.Thinadhoo and present the solutions and preferred alternatives as well as mitigation measures to minimize any negative impacts whilst trying to derive the maximum positive impacts from the project;

2. Existing power generating facilities at the aforementioned island is located in the middle of residential area. The close proximity of powerhouse to residential area has stirred up public uproar due to health impacts associated with the operation of a power plant. Noise and air pollution are among the major health impacts faced by locals living at the vicinity of the existing powerhouses. Indirect effects include collection of potable rainwater being close to impossible due to rainwater being polluted by soot deposition on rooftops;

3. In addition to this, the existing power house does not comply with the requirements of the MEA standards. Therefore, it is understood that the locals of GA.Maamendhoo, GA.Nilandhoo, and GDh.Thinadhoo that are residing within close proximity of the powerhouse are in dire need of a solution to the above-mentioned problems;

4. The powerhouse is proposed to be constructed at a location whereby public nuisance could be minimised. The project will also involve construction of admin buildings, fuel storages and transfer of generators from existing powerhouses to the new powerhouse. The generator beds will be rolled over metal rollers to the new powerhouses. All the components of the powerhouses will be constructed according to BS standards complying to both MEA and EPA regulations;

5. A full baseline of air quality, water quality and noise level were established. Noise level within the vicinity of generators were very high.

6. Additionally, this study also involved identification of alternative locations for the development of new powerhouses and selecting the most ideal location based on thorough study of the wind direction, seasonal changes, proximity to the residential area and ease of fuel transfer. The preferred locations were selected based on best socioeconomic and environmental options;

7. The construction works of new powerhouses presented in this report are not expected to adversely impact the environment if the mitigation measures mentioned in the report are followed. The most important mitigation measures are daily maintenance of machinery, following chemical handling procedures, waste segregation and storage in closed labelled

xii

containers until disposal to Thilafushi and most importantly following the fuel handling procedure;

8. Potential groundwater contamination from chemical spills and oil spills during fuel handling and vegetation clearance are the most significant environmental impacts associated with the project. Therefore, handling of fuel or other chemical substances has to be as per the fuel handling procedure. Since the proposed location was moderately vegetated, vegetation clearance was inevitable;

9. Overall, the proposed project is expected to bring in positive outcomes. It is expected that the newly established powerhouse will ensure reliable electricity services to the island in addition to greatly reducing any smoke and noise disturbance to the community and the environment

10. Monitoring is essential to ensure that environmental thresholds are not exceeded and mitigation measures proposed are working. Water quality and air quality monitoring will be done according to the proposed monitoring schedule.

xiii

ާސާލުޚ ާދާސ

1. މި އީ.އައި.އޭ ގެ ބޭނުމަކީ ގއ.މާމެންދޫ، ގއ.ނިލަންދޫ، އަދި ގދ.ތިނަދޫގައި މިހާރު އިންޖީނުގެ ހުރި ސަރަޙައްދުން ުލްއަހ ްއަތަލަސްއަމ ިމ ެނަގެނެދ ްއަތަލަސްއަމ ެނާދެވާމިދ ްށަޓްއެވާމިތ ްނުބަބަސ ެގުމުރުކުލަދަބ ްށަކަދްއަޙަރަސ ްނެހެއ ކުރާނެ ގޮތްތައް ހޯދާ މި މަޝްރޫޢުގެ ސަބަބުން ކުރާނެ ފައިދާތައް ބަޔާންކުރުމެވެ؛ 2. ގއ.މާމެންދޫ، ގއ.ނިލަންދޫ، އަދި ގދ.ތިނަދޫގައި ކުރިން ބޭނުން ކުރަމުން އައި އިންޖީނުގެ ހެދިފައިވަނީ މީހުން ިއާމުވުފާސުނިއަވ ިއަގޭރެތެގޭއ .ެވެއަފިހެޖ ްނާލިތަމިރުކ ާކަތިތަދ ިތެޑޮބ ީނަވ ްށަންނުމްނާޢ ްނުމަކ ިއަގުދްއަޙަރަސ ޭޅުއިރިދ ީނަވ ިއަފިދެހ ެގުނީޖްނިއ ެގީރުކ ިދައ .ެވެއެނެމިހ ްނުގެނުނ ްނެފޯބ ްނުޅާރުފ ެގޭގޭގ ިރިއަކ ްނުރުތިއ ެގުމުވަދަގ ުޑައ އެމް.އީ.އޭ އާއި އީ.ޕީ.އޭ ގެ ގަވާއިދުތަކާ އެއްގޮތްވާ ގޮތުގެ މަތިންނެއް ނޫނެވެ؛ 3. އަލަށް އަޅާ އިންޖީނުގެ އެޅުމަށް ހަމަޖެހިފައިވަނީ އާ ސަރަހައްދެއްގައެވެ. މި މަޝްރޫޢުގައި އެޑްމިން ބިލްޑިން، ފިއުލް ުއައ .ެވެއެނާދްނެގިނެމިހ ްނުޔިދްނެގ ްއައެގުނީޖްނިއ ުއައ ްއަތުނީޖްނިއ ިރުހ ިއަގޭގ ުނީޖްނިއ ިރުހ ުރާހިމ ިދައ ްޖޭރޯޓްސ އިންޖީނުގޭގެ ހުރިހާ ކަމެއްވެސް ކުރިއަށް ގެންދިއުމަށް ހަމަޖެހިފައިވަނީ އެމް.އީ.އޭ، އީ.ޕީ.އޭ އަދި ބީ.އެސް ;ެވެށަތޮގްއެއ ާއ ާކަތްޑރަޑްނޭޓްސ 4. އެއަރ ކޮލިޓީ، ވޯޓަރ ކޮލިޓީ އަދި ނޮއިސް ލެވެލްގެ ބޭސްލައިން އެއް ވަނީ ކަނޑައެޅިފައެވެ. ކުރީގެ އިންޖީނުގޭގެ އަޑު ުރާހިމ ިއާއަގީރިއަކ ެގުނީޖްނިއ ާވިއަފިހެޖަމަހ ްށަމުޅެއ ްށަލައ ީނަވ ީޓިލޮކ ރައެއ .ެވެއެވެރުކ ަގަހާފ ްށަމަކ ަދަގ ްށަރަވ .ެވެއަފިލެބ ިއަގީރިއަކ ެގުނީޖްނިއ ިރުހ ްނުތޮގިމ .ެވެމުޅެއަޑނަކ ްއެކަތުދްއަހަރަސ ުރުތިއ ެނާދިޅެއ ެގުނީޖްނިއ ާޅައ ްށަލައ ީކަޔަބ ުނުވެލެބ ްށަރުތިއ ިއަގާސާރިދިމ .5 ވައި ޖެހޭ ދިމާލާއި، މީހުން ދިރިއުޅޭ ސަރަހައްދާއި ހުރި ދުރުމިނާއި، ތެޔޮ ގެންދިއުމުގެ ފަސޭހަކަމާއި، ތިމާވެއްޓަށް އެންމެ ގެއްލުން ކުޑަ މިންވަރާއި، މިކަންކަމަށް ބެލުމަށްފަހު 3 ސަރަޙައްދުގެ ތެރެއިން އެންމެ ރަނގަޅު ސަރަޙައްދެއް ވަނީ ކަނޑައަޅާފައެވެ؛ ުޑޮބ ާމ ްށަޓްއެވާމިތ ަމަނެޖްއިވެރުކ ުލަމައ ްށަތޮގ ާވިއަގްޓޯޕިރ ިމ ިއަގުމުރުކ ްތަކްއަސަމ ެގޭގުނީޖްނިއ ާޅައ ްށަލައ .6 ްނުހަވުދ ީނެވެރުކ ަގަހާފ ިއަގުތޮގ ްއެމަކ ުމްއިހުމ ެމްނެއ ްނުތޮގިމ .ެވެއެވެރުކުނ ްއެލޫބަޤ ްށަކަމަކ ެނާރުކ ްއެރަސައ ދުވަހަށް މެޝިނަރީ މެއިންޓަނަންސް އަށް ކުރަންޖެހޭ މަސައްކަތްތައް ކުރުމާއި، ކެމިކަލް ގެންގުޅުމުގައި ފަރުވާތެރިވުމާއި، ކުނި ފަދަ ތަކެތި ތިލަފުއްޓަށް ގެންދެވެންދެން ލޭބަލް ކުރެވިފައިވާ ކޮންޓެއިނަރގައި ރަނގަޅަށް ބަންދު ކޮށްފައި ބެހެއްޓުމާއި، ;ެވެއެނެމިހ ްނުވިރެތާވުރަފ ިއަގުމުޅުގްނެގ ްލުއިފ ްނުބަބަސ ެގުމުދ ިއާންނުމުވަދަގ ުޑައ ެވުޅަގނަރ ްތަމުދިޚ ެގުޓްނަރަކ ްނުބަބަސ ެގޭގުނީޖްނިއ ުއައ ިމ ްނުތޮގ ޭވެރުކާފަލ .7 ;ެވެއެނާދްނެގެވަޑުކ ްއަތޫގަދނުއ ާވާމިދ ްށަންނުހީމ ެގްލުއިފ ަތަވުނ ްލަކިމެކ ްނެފ ެގުމިބ ީނެވެރުކަގަހާފ ްށަމަކ ްއެރަސައ ޭވެދޭނ ުޑޮބ ެމްނެއ ެނާދެމުކުނ ްނިއުޢޫރްޝަމ ިމ .8 ިއަގުމުޅުގްނެގ ްލަކިމެކ ިދައ ްލުއިފ ީކަމަކ ިމ ްސެވަމަނ .ެވެމުހެޖ ްނަޑނަކ ްއެކަތްސަގ ަނިގ ިއާމުވުރަޔްއަޣަތ ްނުބަބަސ ްއަތްނަކ ެގުއޫރްޝަމ ްށ ަތޮގްއެއ ާއ ްނޭލްޕ ްނިލްޑްނޭހ ްލުއިފ ްނުމަކ ްނެހެއ .ެވެކެމަކ ެނާދެވާމިދ ަމަނެޖްއެވުނ ިރެތާވުރަފ ުޅަގނަރ ްށަންނުތިޔްއަރ ެގުށަރްށަރިމ ީނާވ ްށަކައާދިއަފ ުޑޮބ ެމްނެއ ެގުއޫރްޝަމ ިމ .ެވެމްއިހުމ ްނުއިދްނެގ ްށައިރުކ ިދައ ;ެވެމުއިދްނެގިބިލ ްތަމްދިޚ ެގުޓްނަރަކ

xiv

ެގުކަތ ްސރާޝެމ ްނަޝޭގިޓިމ ާވިއަފިޅެހަށުހ ީއެއ .ެވެމްއިހުމ ްށަރަވ ްނުރުކ ރަޓީނޮމ ްށަޅަގނަރ ްސެވްއެމަކ ާހިރުހ .9 .ެވެންނުމުވެރުކ ރަޓިނޮމ ީނޭގނެއ ްސެވްނަކްނަކ ޭހެޖ ްނަރުކުޅަގނަރ ިދައ .ެވެންނުރޭއ ީނޭވެނަގެނެދ ްސަންވިޓްކެފެއ

1. INTRODUCTION 1.2 Structure of the EIA This Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) addresses the potential impacts of the proposed development on the physical, biological, environmental and socio-economic aspects of the development area in addition to providing safeguards to reduce any environmental effects. In addition to forming a basis for the assessment and approval of the proposed changes, this EIA provides the community and government authorities with information on all aspects of the proposal. The EIA has been divided into the following sections:- • Section 1: INTRODUCTION- Provides an outline of the structure and purpose of the EIA as well as objectives of the proposed development; • Section 2: STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS- Outlines the relevant legislative requirements pertaining to the proposed project; • Section 3: PROJECT DESCRIPTION- Described the proposed development in detail; • Section 4: METHODOLOGY- Describes the detailed methods used for data collection on the existing environment and baseline conditions; • Section 5: EXISTING ENVIRONMENT- Describes the present conditions of the physical components of the study area and sets baseline conditions; • Section 6: STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION- Provides details on the consultation process and parties consulted for this study; • Section 7: OPTIONS ASSESSMENT- Discusses all the available alternatives for the project and justifies the preferred option; • Section 8: POTENTIAL IMPACT ANALYSIS- Describes the prevailing environmental characteristics and constraints of the site and locality being investigated and an assessment of the potential environmental impacts associated with the proposed changes. Mitigation measures that would be implemented to reduce any potential adverse impacts are also identified; • Section 9: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT- Outlines the environmental management plans which would be used to mitigate/monitor the changes; • Section 10: JUSTIFICATION AND CONCLUSION- The conclusions drawn from the proposed project and impact analysis with the justification of the preferred options; • Section 11: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS; and • Section 12: REFERENCES Supporting documents are provided as appendices to this EIA.

1.2 Project background The project involves the construction of new powerhouses at GA.Maamendhoo, GA.Nilandhoo. and GDh.Thinadhoo for which FENAKA Corporation will be the service provider. Certainly, the existing power generation facility being amidst the residential area has posed great difficulties to the neighboring households. The main complaint is noise and air pollution. Therefore, with the repeated requests from the customers and the island councils, FENAKA Corporation intends to relocate such powerhouses to more appropriate places. During the relocation process, the powerhouses would be upgraded to MEA standards in order for more efficient operation, service provision and to reduce nuisance to the community and environment. An EIA was previously done for GDh.Thinadhoo in June 2016 but since construction is to be resumed after the DS period, a new EIA is to be done according to EPA regulations. 1.3 Need for the project The existing power generation facilities at GA.Maamendhoo and GA.Nilandhoo have stirred up public uproar due to health impacts associated with the operation of the powerhouses. Inhalation of soot released from burning of fuels for energy generation and noise pollution are among the health impacts faced by the locals living in the vicinity of the existing powerhouses. Indirect effects faced include collection of potable rainwater being close to impossible due to rainwater being polluted by the released gases. In Maldives, rainwater is harvested for consumption purposes as most islands are not provided with alternative clean water facilities for consumption. This harvesting is almost always through rooftop catchments, however, soot deposition on the rooftops of houses at the immediate vicinity of the powerhouses has been a great obstacle for potable rainwater collection. In addition to this, the existing powerhouses are old and have been in almost the same condition as when it was run by locals and does not comply with the current requirements of the MEA standards. The powerhouse in Thinadhoo burnt down and is currently run in a temporary building fashioned out of tin. Therefore, it is understood that the locals residing within close proximity to the powerhouse are in dire need of a solution to the aforementioned problems. From a human health perspective, the operation of such facilities should immediately be ceased and an alternate solution provided imminently. 1.4 Project objectives The primary objective of the proposed project is to relocate the powerhouses in GA.Maamendhoo, GA.Nilandhoo, and GDh.Thinadhoo in a more sustainable manner with minimum disturbance to the residents. 1.5 The EIA process The EIA process in the Maldives is coordinated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the Maldives in order to ensure that environmental considerations are included in decisions regarding projects which may have an adverse impact on the environment.

The first step in the process involves screening the project to determine whether a particular project warrants the preparation of an EIA. Based on this decision, the EPA then decides the scope of the EIA which is conferred to the project proponents, the consultants as well as any relevant stakeholders to the project at a scoping meeting. A document ideally encompassing the issues and impacts that have been identified during the scoping meeting will then be issued known as the Terms of Reference (ToR). The consultant then prepares the EIA in accordance with the ToR and/or the range of issues identified during the scoping process. Once the findings of the EIA have been reported to the EPA, it gets reviewed following which an EIA Decision Statement (DS) is issued to the proponent who is responsible for implementing the project according to the DS and undertake appropriate environmental monitoring if required and report to the EPA. 1.6 Purpose of this EIA As per article 5 (a) of the Environmental Protection and Preservation Act of the Maldives (Law No. 4/93) and the EIA Regulation 2012 of the Maldives, any development projects/activities that may have a significant impact on the environment are required to have an EIA submitted to the EPA prior to implementation. The purpose of this EIA is to critically analyze the environmental and socio-economic impacts which may arise due to the construction of the proposed powerhouses at GA.Maamendhoo, GA.Nilandhoo, and GDh.Thinadhoo. After analyzing the impacts, it would be then possible to suggest proper mitigation measures to prevent/reduce any negative impacts and to enhance any positive impacts. The study involves the evaluation of baseline conditions, prediction of the likely impacts, stakeholder consultation, and design mitigation measures. 1.7 Terms of reference (ToR) As part of the EIA process, a scoping meeting for the proposed project was held at the EPA. The scope of the meeting as discussed at the meeting were approved and the ToR issued on 19th December 2019. 1.8 EIA implementation This EIA has been prepared by registered consultants as per EIA Regulation 2012 of the Maldives. The team members were:- • Mahfooz Abdul Wahhab (EIA P22/2016) • Nashfa Nashidh (EIA T02/2020) • Aishath Alhan Hameed (EIA T11/2019) • Suma Khalid Mohamed 1.9 The proponent The proponent, FENAKA Corporation Limited was established on 18 June 2012 by a presidential decree under the Companies Act of 10/96, as a limited liability company. The company is registered on 1st of August 2012 and it is 100% Government-owned utility company with a mandate to provide island communities with electricity, water, and sewerage.

Today, FENAKA Corporation is a multi-disciplinary engineering organization, dealing contracts involved in civil, mechanical, electrical, water and wastewater engineering. 1.9.1 Power generation services Out of a total of 196 inhabited islands in the country, FENAKA Corporation provides electricity services to 153 islands. 24 / 7 sustainable electricity provision was not achieved to outer islands until recently and FENAKA Corporation started providing its services to the islands. In its short history, the company has carried out numerous projects for the betterment of service provision, one such example is the 77 Genset project which aided in sustainable service provision. Furthermore, as electricity services were provided by the island communities themselves in the past, the location, infrastructure, and operations were not ideal. This causes negative impacts and disturbance to the communities and the environment. Therefore, every year the company carries out a number of projects in powerhouse relocation, refurbishment and generated set upgrading throughout the country. Electricity is mainly generated through diesel; however, the company is now slowly shifting towards renewable energy as a form of power generation. The company is also an important implementing partner in the mega projects of the Government’s renewable energy. Some of these projects include:- • Preparation of outer islands for Sustainable energy development (POISED), funded by Asian Development Bank; and • Accelerating Sustainable Private Investments in Renewable Energy (ASPIRE), funded by the World Bank. 1.9.2 Water and wastewater services At FENAKA Corporation, safe water is provided to the public after desalinating seawater into potable drinking water through the process of reverse osmosis (RO). Water produced and distributed by the company adheres to the standards set by EPA in the Maldives. Currently, the company operates fully-fledged systems with complete RO plants, distribution networks and pipe distribution to households in several islands. Some of these islands are operated under the principles of Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) where conjunctive use of water is practiced, whereby 25% of the total demand is catered by rainwater by catchment from public rooftops. This is in line with the county’s global commitments of the Sustainable Development Goals where the adaptation of IWRM principles is a specified goal. Other than the fully-fledged systems, the company also has standalone RO plants, some with community tap bay systems where services are mainly to the fishing vessels and any other need of the community. Other than service provision, the company also implements one of the largest water projects of the nation, which is the provision of water supply services to the allied islands of Addu City. The project is nearing completion and is expected to be completed within this year. FENAKA Corporation operates sewerage systems of around 56 islands by means of a gravity and vacuum system and effluent is discharged to the open ocean by means of pump stations and sea outfalls.

1.9.3 Waste management services At present FENAKA Corporation provides waste management services to 7 islands, Ha. Kelaa, HA. Ihavandhoo, HA. Dhihdhoo, HDh Kulhudhufushi, Lh. Hinnavaru, Th. Vilufushi and GDh Thinadhoo, among which, waste collection services are provided to just 2 islands – HA. Ihavandhoo and HA. Dhihdhoo. The only disposal method used in the islands is open burning, where the combustible wastes are burnt. Non-combustibles such as cans, bottles, and metals are stored in the waste management centers until it can be transferred to Thilafushi or sold to organizations which export these recyclables. The majority of the islands lack basic waste management infrastructure, such as an engineered disposal site, and waste processing equipment such as shredders for green waste crushers for glass and plastic. Thus, difficulties in providing proper and safe waste management services.

2. STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS All statutory requirements pertaining to this project have been considered in the concept development and assessment of this proposal. It is considered that all matters have been addressed where applicable and that the proposal fully complies with the objectives and requirements of all relevant statutory instruments. National legislations, existing policies, and guidelines as well as international conventions relevant to the proposed project are outlined below:- 2.1 Law on general public services (4/96) Under this law, the general public services are electricity, telephone, water, and sewerage services. Relevant articles under this law pertaining to the proposed project are:- • Article 3 states that any party can provide general public services only after getting registered in the competent authority and according to its regulations; • Article 4 states that any public service must be provided after a contract agreement has been made between the service provider and the customer. The agreement must be made according to the regulations put forward by the competent authority; • Article 5 states that a transfer of service between customers must be made only after a contract has been made between the customers according to the service provider's regulations. If the customer fails to comply with the agreement, the service provider can discontinue service only after approval from competent authority; • Article 7 states that the service provider can permanently discontinue its services according to the regulation mentioned in article 3 of this law. However temporary discontinuation can be made after giving prior notification to the customers and according to the agreement made between the service provider and the customer; • Article 8 states that the tariffs for the services must be approved from the competent authority prior to implementation. Further, any amendments to the tariff structure also must be approved from the competent authority before implementation; and • Article 9 states that any damage made to service provider’s facilities by anyone, he can be charged with 10 prison penalty or banishment. Further, any action against this law (excluding what is mentioned in article 9 (a) of this law) can be charged between MVR 100 to MVR 5000 by the competent authority. 2.2 Maldives Energy Policy and Strategy 2016 Maldives Energy Policy and Strategy 2016 consists of revised policies derived from Maldives Energy Policy and Strategy 2010. The 9 policies are reduced to 5 key policy statements. Policy 1. Strengthen the institutional and regulatory framework of the energy sector Policy 2. Promote energy conservation and efficiency 2.07 Developing and enforcing standards for exhaust emissions for power plants, vehicles and vessels that use fossil fuel in order to improve air quality

Policy 3. Increase the share of renewable energy in the national energy mix Policy 4. Improve the reliability and sustainability of electrical services and maintain universal access to electricity 4.01 Devising means to reliably meet energy demands in a consistent manner assuring security and reliability of supply 4.02 Improve the operational performance of service providers to manage the electrical power infrastructure 4.03 Increase efficiency of the energy systems and quality of energy services provided 4.04 Review and regularly implement electricity tariff adjustments 4.05 Develop and update an integrated system management and expansion plan for utilities Policy 5. Increase national energy security 5.05 Ensure environmentally safe and adequate storage, supply and distribution of fuel to meet 2.3 National Action Plan on Air Pollution 2019 The National Action Plan on Air Pollutants, for the first time, formulates that the reductions in air pollution have been quantified for measures originally developed with the aim of reducing greenhouse gases. It also describes the pollutants in detail, including the emission levels of different pollutants in the Maldives, and their likely progression in the future. This Action Plan also includes mitigation measures that are in line with the existing national plans to reduce greenhouse emissions from the key source sectors. To this end, the measures selected for this Action plan were compiled firstly from the mitigation measures that have been included in the Maldives’ long-term climate goals, also known as Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC), and then from the planned measures from different sectors which were not part of the NDC. 2.4 Environmental Protection and Preservation Act (4/93) The Environmental protection and Preservation Act of the Maldives was enacted to protect the environment and its resources for the current and future generations. Relevant articles under this law pertaining to the proposed project are:- • Article 2 states that the instructions for environmental protection will be given from the competent authority and everyone must respectfully follow these instructions; • Article 3 states that all matters relating to environmental protection and preservation must be handled by the Ministry of Planning, Human Resource and Environment (MPHRE); • Article 4 states that MPHRE must declare protected sites and species and formulate the regulations to manage them. If any other party wants to declare a protected site or species they must be registered in the MPHRE and managed according to regulations made by the Ministry;

• Article 5 states that any projects which pose significant impacts on the environment, an EIA report has to be made and submitted to the MPHRE. The projects which require an EIA and the regulation must be made by MPHRE; • Article 6 states that if any project is found to cause significant adverse impacts, MPHRE have the right to stop the project; • Article 7 states that any waste, oil or hazardous gas must not be dumped into any part of the Maldives, however, if strictly needs to be disposed of it should be disposed of in an area designated by the Government. If such hazardous gas, waste or oil is to be disposed by combustion, it should be done in a way it does not impact human health and environment; • Article 8 states that any hazardous waste must not be disposed into any part of the Maldives. Before trans-boundary transfer of such waste, approval must be taken from the Ministry of Transport and Communication by writing to the Ministry at least 3 months beforehand. • Article 9 states that any party who violates this law or any regulation under this law is punishable to no more than MVR 100 million according to the offence. The fine will be applied by the MPHRE. • Article 10 states that any offence to this law or any regulation under this law or any action resulting in environmental damage, the compensation for such damages can be taken through judicial processes. 2.5 1st addendum to Environmental Protection and Preservation Act (4/93) law no 12/2014 Article 3 and 11 of the Environmental Protection and Preservation Act (4/93) of Maldives is amended as follows: - Under article 3, all matters relating to environmental protection and preservation must be handled by the Ministry charged with the implementation of environmental policy. 2.6 Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation 2012 The EIA Regulation, which came into force in 2007, has been revised and this revised EIA Regulation is currently in force since May 2012. The Regulation sets out the criteria to determine whether a development proposal is likely to significantly affect the environment and is therefore subject to an EIA. Schedule D of the EIA Regulation defines the type of projects that would be subject to EIA. The main purpose of this Regulation is to provide step-by-step guidance for proponents, consultants, government agencies and the general public on how to obtain approval in the form of an Environmental DS. Since the development of a new powerhouse is in the inclusive list, an EIA report needs to be submitted to the competent authority before the implementation of the project. An EIA application form was submitted to the EPA and a scoping meeting was held on 21 October

2019. During the meeting the ToR for the project was issued. The EIA report is this document and will be submitted to EPA for approval. 2.7 2nd addendum to the Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation 2012 With the 2nd addendum to the environmental impact assessment regulation 2012, there were some procedural changes made to the EIA process. The most important was the shifting of tourism-related development projects EIAs to the Ministry of Tourism. Other than that slight changes were made to the process such as the finalization of the ToR during the scoping meeting (article 11(b)) and changes in the fees for the review processes under three different categories (article 7(c)). Under article 8(a) the decisions for a screening form is as follows: - 1) Environment Management Plan; 2) Initial Environmental Examination; 3) Environmental Impact Assessment; 4) Approval to go forth with the screened project; and 5) Approval to go forth with the project according to the mitigation measures proposed by EPA. Under article 9(b) the decisions for an IEE is as follows: - 1) Environmental Impact Assessment report if the project is anticipated to have major environmental impacts; 2) Environment Management Plan; and 3) Approval to go forth with the project if the project is not anticipated to have major environmental impacts. Under article 10 two reviewers are required to review the Environmental Management plan. The reviewers are to be selected according to article 13(b) of the regulation. 2.8 3rd addendum to the Environmental Impact Regulation 2012 One of the main modifications to the EIA regulation is that the EIA consultants are classified into 2 categories. To be eligible for a category A consultant, the applicant should hold a minimum of level 7 qualification in an environment-related field recognized by the Maldives National Qualification Framework. Likewise, to be eligible for a category B consultant, the applicant should hold a minimum of level 7 qualification in specific fields relevant to the nature of the project recognized by the Maldives National Qualification Framework. As such, this report is prepared by registered category A EIA consultants.

2.9 4th addendum to the Environmental Impact Regulation 2017 One of the main modifications to the EIA regulation is that the exclusive list for EIAs were changed such that EIAs are not required for reclaimed lands until three years from the reclaimed date unless the project involves dangerous chemicals, oil storage, incinerators, release of toxic chemicals to atmosphere, and fiber works.

2.10 5th addendum to the Environmental Impact Regulation 2018 The main modification brought in this addendum is the addition of tourism related developmental EIA regulations. 2.11 Strategic Action Plan – SAP,2019 On 1st October 2019, the government implemented The Strategic Action Plan (SAP), a central policy framework and planning document that guides the overall development direction of the Maldives. SAP has 5 main sectors encompassing a total of 33 subsectors. Sector 3 jazeera dhiriulhun outlines priorities relevant to community infrastructure and services under which, strategy 3.2b outlines the government’s plan to increase fuel storage capacity in all islands to cater for a minimum of 88 days. 2.12 Waste management policy The waste management policy which came into effect in 2015 is to ensure that the Maldivians are well aware of the waste management techniques and maintains cleanliness as well as the natural aesthetics and clean air quality of the country is well maintained. Under this policy, all the inhabited islands need to implement a waste management plan and manage all the wastes generated from that island in accordance with that policy. This project will comply with this guideline such that any wastes generated during the construction and operation phases of this project will be dealt with in accordance with the waste management plans of the island under concern. 2.13 Waste Management Regulation The waste management regulation dictates the principles needed to follow when handling waste. The aim is to minimize adverse impacts on the environment and human health from waste. Under this regulation, island councils are required to make a waste management plan and submit it to the competent authority. This plan must be reviewed at least every five years. Waste generated during the construction and operational phases of this project will be treated in accordance with the waste management plan of the respected island. 2.14 Regulation on the provision of electricity to Male’ and islands This regulation was made in accordance with article of Law on general public services (4/93) and is enforced by MEA. This regulation governs the standards which need to be followed by the service provider as well as the agreements that have to be made between the service provider and customer. Article 8 of the regulation lists the powerhouse specifications 8.1 The generators should be kept inside the powerhouse, on the foundation which is constructed after calculating the expected vibrations and the mechanical load. An anti-vibration mounting should be placed between the generator and the foundation. 8.2 The chimney of the powerhouse should be 24 feet from ground level if the height of the powerhouse is 14 feet. If the height of the powerhouse is more than 14 feet, the chimney should be more than 4 feet from the highest point of the powerhouse.

8.4 Powerhouse should be located 200 feet from the residential area to prevent disturbances from noise and emissions from the powerhouse. 8.5 If land not available to fit the requirement in 8.4, the powerhouse location will be determined by Maldives Energy Authority. 8.6 The temperature inside the generator room should be ventilated enough that it does not exceed 10°C from ambient temperature. 2.15 Guideline for power system approval The guideline for power system approval highlights the sets of information required to be submitted to MEA for the approval process which includes details about the generation system, generator control panel and distribution panel, fuel system, distribution network, electric cable, firefighting system and lighting protection, EIA of the generation facility, tariff and rules and regulations of powerhouse for consumers. 2.16 Regulation on the use, handling, and storage of oil The purpose of the regulation is to reduce fire hazards caused by the mishandling of oil, to raise awareness on the proper handling methods of oil and to standardize the infrastructure of oil handling and storage facilities. Article 2 of the regulation details out all the aspects of vehicles that handle and transport oil on land. The third article deals with all the aspects of petrol handling in storage areas and service centers. The fourth article highlights the aspects of fuel handling in diesel and kerosene service centers. The fifth article highlights the aspects of fuel pipeline from storage to meters. All the relevant sections in the regulations are understood for the proposed project. The fuel handling procedure for the powerhouse owned by FENAKA Corporation, soon to be implemented, is attached in Appendix D of this report. 2.17 Requirement for Fire Prevention Equipment in Buildings This is a guideline enforced by the Ministry of Defense and National Security of the Maldives which sets out a list of requirements and standards that need to be met in fire prevention equipment provided in buildings prone to fire hazards. As the whole guideline pertains to any power generating facility, hence to this project, the main points have been highlighted as follows:- • Hose reel: Should comply with the specified standards under the guideline. The overall width of the reel should be no more than 850mm. The overall height of the Reel should be less than 850mm including Hose and integral Flexi guide for hose withdrawal guide. The overall depth of the hose reel should be no more than 150mm. The colour of the Reel should be Red, fitted with an operating instruction plate. The Hose Reels nozzle retainer or hose guide and the inlet valve should be fitted at a height of about 900mm above floor level; • Hose reel cabinets: The hose reel cabinet should be Recess mounting type with or without glass-paneled door for use with the above-mentioned sized Hose Reels. Hose Reel Cabinet dimension should be no more than 900mm in width, 900mm in height, 160mm in depth (including door). The colour of the cabinet should be Red. 26

Special permission should be taken for other Colour. Recessed Latch Type handle should be installed. Hose reel signage should be in accordance with BS 5499 or any other equable International Standard. Fixing hole should be provided; • Water supply for hose reel system: Should be such that when the two topmost reels in the building are used simultaneously, each should provide a jet of about 6 m in length and will deliver less than 0.5 L. Minimum storage required for the hose reel is 2275 L and 1137.5 L up to a maximum of 9100 L for each additional reel. Tanks supplying water for domestic purposes should not be used as a suction tank for hose reel installation. The pipings for the supply of water for hose reel should be in and out galvanized schedule 40. Diameter of the piping should not be less than 50 mm; • Hose reel booster pump system: Hose reel booster pump set, complete with in and out galvanized steel pipework with or without expansion vessels;

• Fire extinguishers: 2kg CO2 stored pressure Extinguisher approved to BS EN 3. Aluminium Alloy Body approved to BS5045 Part 3 or any other equable International Standard. Red body with black band or Black colored head cap, swivel Horn, English screen. Fully charged. 6 Kg DCP Extinguisher (Gas Cartridge Type) approved to BS EN 3 or any other equable International Standard. Blue Body Headcap, English Screen, Fully charged. 9 Liter Water Extinguisher (Gas Cartridge Type) approved to BS EN 3 or any other equable International Standard. Red Body Headcap, English Screen, Fully charged. Fire Extinguishers should be located in conspicuous positions on brackets or stands where they will be readily seen by person. The carrying handle of larger heavier extinguishers should be about 01m from the floor level. But smaller extinguishers should be mounted so as to position the handle 1.5m from the floor level; • Cabinets for fire extinguishers: Cabinets for fire extinguishers should be of stainless steel with or without glass-fronted doors. The colour of the cabinet should be Red or to suit the requirements of architectural surroundings. Recessed Latch Type handle should be installed. Fire Extinguisher Single Cabinets dimension should be no more than 190mm in width, 640mm in height, 180mm in depth (including door). Fire Extinguisher Double Cabinets dimension should be no more than 440mm in width, 640mm in height, 180mm in depth (including door); • Fire Blankets: Fire Blankets should be certified to BS EN 1869: 1997 or any other equable International Standard. Fire Blankets should be extremely flexible and drape easily the slim pack of fire blanket should be Red or White; • Dry riser gate valve: Dry riser gate valve to BS 5041/2, or any other equable International Standard, Gunmetal c/w Padlock strap, blank cap and chain. Inlet 2 ½” ASA 150 F/F. Outlet 2 ½” Inst. Female couplings to BS 336. Colour red;

• Dry riser outlet box: Dry riser outlet box for Dry Riser gate valve. Construction should be similar to BS 5041. Standard finish colour Red. Dry Riser outlet cabinet dimension should be as specified in the guideline; • Pumping in breeching: Twin pumping in breeching, approved to BS 5041, or any other equable International Standard, Gunmetal inlets 2 x 2 ½” BS Instantaneous Male Coupling c/w non-return valves. Outlet 4” ANSI 150 F/F flange; • Dry riser inlet box: Dry Riser inlet box for horizontal/vertical pattern. Double inlet to BS 5041 or any other equable International Standard finish color Red. Dry riser inlet cabinet dimension for flush mounting should be as specified in the guideline. • Air release valve: Air release valve, Gunmetal, Inlet 1” BSP Male; • Piping for dry riser system: The Piping for Dry Riser System should be In and Out Galvanized schedule 40. The diameter of the Piping should be not less than 100mm. • Fire doors: All fire doors should be opened to the direction of the flow of people while on emergency. These doors should be installed with a self-closing device including the Panic Latch. These Panic Latch devices should conform to BS 5725 Pt 1 or any other equable International Standard. Fire doors conforming to the method of construction as stipulated in the guideline; • Fire exit signs: Photoluminescent Fire exit signs should sign each Fire Exit Door. The Symbol height should be no more than 100mm; • Fire detection and alarm system: Fire Detection and Alarm System should conform to BS 5839 or any other equable International Standard. Fire Detection and Alarm System should be Analogue Addressable System with mimic diagram. A system in which signals from each detector and/or call point are individually identified at the control panel. Fire Detection and Alarm System should consist of Automatic Detectors, Manual Call Points, Control and Indicating equipment, etc. It should also cover System capable of providing signals to initiate, in the event of fire, the operation of ancillary services such as fixed fire extinguishing systems and other precautions and actions. Main Fire Control Panel should be located at the reception and the Repeater Panel should be located in the guardroom; • Installation and testing of wet riser system: Wet rising systems shall be provided in every building in which the topmost floor is more than 30.5 meters above the fire appliance access level. A hose connection shall be provided in each firefighting access lobby. Wet risers shall be of minimum 152.4 millimeters diameter and shall be hydrostatically tested at a pressure 50% above the working pressure required and not less than 14 bars for at least twenty-four hours. Each wet riser outlet shall comprise standard 63.5 millimeters instantaneous coupling fitted with a hose of not less than 38.1 millimeters diameter equipped with an approved typed cradle and a

variable fog nozzle. A wet riser shall be provided in every staircase which extends from the ground floor level to the roof and shall be equipped with a three-way 63.5 millimeters outlet above the roofline. Each stage of the wet riser shall not exceed 61 metres unless expressly permitted by D.G.F.S but in no case exceeding 70.15 meters; • Wet or dry rising systems for buildings under construction: Where either wet or dry riser system is required, at least one rise shall be installed when the building under construction has reached a height of above the level of the fire brigade pumping inlet with connections thereto located adjacent to a useable staircase. Such riser shall be extended as construction progress to within two floors of the topmost floor under construction and where the designed height of the building requires the installation of wet riser system fire pumps, water storage tanks, and water main connections shall be provided to serve the riser; • Wet riser booster pump system: Wet riser booster pump set, complete with In and Out galvanized steel pipework with or without expansion vessel and specified in the guideline; • Symbols, as well as installation of firefighting systems on the basis of building usage, are outlined on the table in the guideline; and • All equipment mentioned above should be approved by the Maldives National Defense Force (MNDF) fire and rescue services before installation. Special permission should be taken if different from the guideline specifications. 2.18 National wastewater guideline The purpose of the guideline is to assist all stakeholders in the water cycle to manage the discharge of wastewater in such a way that it does not limit water’s fitness for use by different water users. The guideline suggests specific values of maximum concentrations that can be tolerated by future users of each parameter potentially present in wastewater. These values may not be exceeded when treated wastewater is released back into surface water, groundwater or into the ocean. The values are generic and should be used together with the EIA and clean Production Protocols to finalize the license for the discharge of specific wastewater. All relevant sections in the guideline are conformed for the proposed project. 2.19 Regulation on uprooting, cutting and transportation of palms and trees This regulation was implemented on 1 February 2006 by the Ministry of Environment, Energy, and Water. The primary purpose of the regulation is to control and regulate large-scale uprooting, removal, cutting, and transportation of palms and trees from one island to another. According to the regulation, certain types of trees and plants that have unique attributes are prohibited to be removed from their natural environment. Also, uprooting and removal of 50 or more trees and palms are subjected to an EIA, which is required to be submitted to the EPA and written approval is required prior to implementation of the project.

The amendment to this regulation (regulation no 2014/R) has specified a set of categories and any tree falling under these categories is not allowed to be removed unless it is a project of the government approved by the parliament. 2.20 Built Environment regulations This regulation underlines the general guidelines for inhabited islands, uninhabited islands and islands used for other purposes to plan the development accordingly based on population, size, the type of works that done on the island and other factors that should be taken into account. All islands are categorized according to the above-mentioned factors to regulate the development activities. Article 16.1 defines the guidelines to consider for a powerhouse when planning the island. • 16.1 (a) Powerhouse should be located in an area at a safe distance from the residential area and institutional and public areas • 16.1 (b) The powerhouse should be proposed for an area that does not blow wind towards the residential area in both monsoons. A buffer zone shall also be planned around the powerhouse area. • 16.1 (c) Access routes for fuel transfer and oil transfer should be arranged in a way to avoid negative social and environmental impact. It should also be done in such a way to avoid any oil spill that may contaminate the groundwater lens. • 16.1 (d) Access routes for fuel transfer for the powerhouse should be in a way that it does not cause disturbance to the public. • 16.1 (e) For the planning and operations of a powerhouse, Maldives Electricity Bureau and Ministry of Home Affairs should be consulted. (This is now overseen by the Maldives Energy Authority). Annex 1 of the regulation, 5.5. • 5.5.1 Maximum area that can be allocated for a powerhouse is 45m x 45m. • 5.5.2 A distance of at least 200ft shall be kept between the residential area and the powerhouse. • 5.5.3 If the criteria mentioned above is not met for the island, the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development shall be consulted. Annex 1 of the regulation, 8 • 8.1 A buffer zone of 20m from the shoreline to the residential area shall be allocated as a coastal vegetational ring around the island. 2.21 Dewatering Guideline The dewatering regulation is enacted with aim of minimizing impacts to groundwater while carrying out dewatering activities. Article 5 states that for any economic activity water can only extracted and used after getting written approval from the competent authority. Water extracted from any project other than for a local well construction cannot be reused even for agricultural purpose.

Article 7 states that proponent must inform the people living with 100 meters of the dewatering activity via the council. Article 11 states that designated impact radius from water discharge is 30 meters from the discharge point. The proponent must inform the houses within this radius by writing 24 hours prior to dewatering. During the course of dewatering, the proponent is to provide no more than 250 liters of water per household or pay no more than MRF30 for any troubled households. Article 12 states that an option other than draining water into the ground will be considered if the water quality is bad or if the council decides that there is no space in the island for drainage. Approval to discharge water into sea will be given if a catch pit is created to trap sediments and sand. If water is to be discharge through sanitation system then it is the sanitation service operator’s responsibility to create a catch pit and install a valve such that the amount of water going into the sanitation system can be controlled. During ongoing dewatering works a copy of the approval must be at site and a sign board has to be fixed as the model in annex 3 of this regulation. Article 13 and 14 states that fines will be imposed if dewatering is carried out after the approval has expired. If the contractor wishes to carry out extended dewatering then an extension must be applied for and paid for. However, if the works were delayed due to a natural hazard or bad weather, there will be no fine or additional payment required. Article 17 states that the following actions are offenses to this regulation and will be punishable according to article 9(b) of EPPA 4/93;  For projects requiring dewatering approval, commencing project without dewatering approval  Sanitation service provider gives water discharge service to a proponent who did not get the dewatering approval according to this regulation  Re-starting the project when the project without approval, when the project was halted by the competent authority  Not complying with the project halting order mentioned in article 16 of this regulation from the competent authority Article 18 states that competent authority must inform the proponent via writing if they go against regulations. Article 19 states that the proponent has to provide a report about its activities within 3 working. Article 20 states that under this regulation the maximum fine is MVR 100 million. 2.22 Waste incinerator guideline (WIG) The waste incinerator guideline (WIG) of the EPA Maldives came into effect in 2016 aimed at facilitating the construction and operation of incinerators safely and to mitigate the adverse environmental and health impacts that may arise. The objective of the guideline is to prevent or limit, as far as practicable, negative effects on the environment, in particular pollution by emission into air, soil, surface and groundwater, and the resulting risks to human health, from combustion of waste using incinerators.

As per article 4.1 of the WIG, the site for waste incinerators must be selected in ways that it would not pose any hazard to the surrounding environment and the local community. The proposed project complies with this article such that the chimneys of the powerhouses will be installed far away from the residential area and sensitive land uses. Additionally, the site is selected so that the prevailing winds carry the emitted gases away from the residential area/island. Preconstruction environmental clearance permits and monitoring will be carried out at the proposed location and background emissions established in order to enable future changes to be identified. 2.23 International Conventions 2.23.1 United Nations UNFCCC is the first binding international legal instrument that deals directly with the threat of climate change. It was enacted at the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro and came into force on the 21st of March 1994. Signatory countries have agreed to take action to achieve the goal outlined in Article 2 of the Convention which addresses the “stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system,” Thus all Parties to the Convention are committed under Article 4 to adopt national programs for mitigating climate change, promote sustainable management and conservation of greenhouse gas (GHG) sinks such as coral reefs, to develop adaptation strategies, to address climate change in relevant social, economic and environmental policies, to cooperate in technical, scientific and educational matters and to promote scientific research and exchange of information. The Kyoto Protocol entered into force on the 16th of February 2005 and is an international and legally binding agreement to reduce GHG emissions globally. It strengthens the Convention by committing Annex I Parties to individual, legally-binding targets to achieve limitations or reductions in their GHG emissions. Maldives has signed and ratified both the Convention and the Protocol. 2.23.2 Paris Agreement The Paris Agreement is also an agreement within the framework of the UNFCCC dealing with GHG emission mitigation, adaptation, and finance proposed to start in the year 2020. Upon opening for signatories on 22 April 2016, 180 UNFCCC members have signed the treaty (including Maldives), however, only 22 of which ratified it so far which is not enough for the treaty to enter into force yet. The aim of the convention as described in Article 2 of the treaty is “enhancing the implementation” of the UNFCCC through:- i. Holding the increase in global average temperature to well below 2° C above pre- industrial level and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5° C above pre-industrial levels, recognising that this would significantly reduce the risk and impacts of climate change;

ii. Increasing the ability to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change and foster climate resilience and lower GHG emissions development in a manner that does not threaten food production; and iii. Making finance flows consistent with a pathway towards low GHG emissions and climate-resilient development. 2.23.3 The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer is a multilateral environmental agreement which entered into force in 1988. It acts as a framework for international efforts to protect the ozone layer. In 2009, the Vienna Convention became the first convention of any kind to achieve universal ratification. The objective of the Convention was for the Parties to promote corporation by means of systematic observations, research and information exchange on the effects of human activities on the ozone layer and to adopt legislative or administrative measures against activities likely to have adverse effects on the ozone layer. Maldives has signed and ratified this convention and adheres to it. 2.23.4 The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (a protocol to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer) is an international treaty designed to reduce production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances in order to phase out the production and abundance of substances that are responsible for depletion of the ozone layer. This protocol entered into force on 1 January 1989. Since its adoption, it has undergone 8 revisions and the Maldives abide by 4 of those addendums mentioned below:- • The London Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (1990); • The Copenhagen Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (1992); • The Montreal Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (1997); and • The Beijing Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (1999). 2.23.5 Sustainable Development Goals This is a comprehensive plan of actions taken globally, nationally and locally by organizations of the United Nations System, Governments and Major Groups in every area in which humans impact on the environment. It is also an outcome of the Earth Summit (UN Conference of Environment and Development) held in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil in 1992. Maldives is among the 193 countries which adopted this action plan. In September 2015, the Member States adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development which comprises of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a framework to guide development actions of governments, international agencies, civil society

33 organizations, and other institutions over the next 15 years, with the ambitious aim of eradicating extreme poverty and hunger. Of the 17 SDGs, 7 goals are related to this project. They are, SDG 3: Good health and well-being SDG 6: Clean water and sanitation SDG 7: Affordable energy SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure SDG 11: Sustainable cities and communities SDG 13: Climate Action SDG 15: Life on Land.

2.23.6 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), formally known as the Biodiversity Convention, is a multilateral treaty which entered into force on 29 December 1993. The convention has 3 main goals:- i. Conservation of biodiversity; ii. Sustainable use of its components; and iii. Fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources. The objectives of the convention are to develop national strategies for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. 2.23.7 Washington Declaration on Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities Maldives is a signatory to the Washington Declaration on Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities which intends at setting a common goal sustained and effective action to deal with all land-based impacts upon the marine environment, specifically those resulting from sewage, persistent organic pollutants, radioactive substance, heavy metals, oils (hydrocarbons), nutrients, sediment mobilization, litter and physical alteration and destruction of habitat. 2.24 Regional plans and programs In addition to the international treaties and conventions, Maldives is also a key player in the formulating and adopting various regional plans and programs to protect the environment by actively participating in activities organised by several regional bodies. As such, Maldives is committed to the following which pertains to the proposed project:- • South Asian Association for Regional Corporation (SAARC) Environment Action Plan adopted in Male’ in 1997; • SAARC Study on Greenhouse Effect and its Impacts on the Region;

• South Asian Regional Seas Action Plan and Resolutions concerning its implementation (1994); SAARC Study on Causes and Consequences of Natural Disasters; • South Asian Seas Program; and • Male’ Declaration on Control and Prevention of Air Pollution and its likely Transboundary Effects for South Asia (1998).

3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 3.1 Study area, project boundary and surroundings In general, the boundary of the island come under the parameters of the study area. However, most environmental studies were restricted to the areas where the existing powerhouses as well as the proposed areas and alternative locations for powerhouse relocation. Socio-economic impacts were surveyed for the whole island as the whole community were affected. The figures below show the study area and the surrounding. The plots for the new powerhouses have been approved by the island council and registered as a premise of FENAKA Corporation. Land registration is provided in Appendix E of this report.

Figure 1: Locations of the existing and proposed powerhouse in GA.Maamendhoo

Figure 2: Locations of the existing and proposed powerhouse in GA.Nilandhoo

Figure 3: Locations of the existing and proposed powerhouse in GDh.Thinadhoo

3.2 Relevant development(s) in the area In addition to the construction of the new powerhouse, all the ongoing and planned developmental activities projected to carry out in each island is provided below: 3.2.1 GA.Maamendhoo Current ongoing developmental projects in Maamendhoo include an outdoor gym, ATM, and rainwater harvesting system. Future planned projects which are estimated to begin this year include construction of a parents’ hut at the beach, development of sewerage plant and network, development of a swimming track, and expansion of the harbour and breakwater. 3.2.2 GA.Nilandhoo Nilandhoo council has plans to develop local tourism, harbour and jetty development, new classrooms for the school, and a new laboratory in the health centre. Development of a water and sewerage network, construction of a children’s park, and construction of an ATM are currently undergoing in the island. 3.2.3 GDh.Thinadhoo Thinadhoo has plans to develop an ice plant (works to commence soon), 47 new housing units, a tertiary hospital, and new tar roads. Construction works for a gas plant are currently ongoing. The island council also mentioned plans to develop an international port in the island. 3.3 Purpose and scope of the project The powerhouses in GA.Maamendhoo, GA.Nilandhoo, and GDh.Thinadhoo is in urgent need of upgrading to a powerhouse that meets all standards in terms of staff safety, human health, and environment. At the moment the community is constantly exposed to health hazards such as high noise, vibrations, air pollution, electrocution and possible groundwater contamination. Residents of Thinadhoo are in constant fear of another accident occurring in the powerhouse and do not believe that the current facility should be used any longer. This project intends to relocate the powerhouses and to upgrade them to MEA and EPA standards. 3.4 Description of existing facilities 3.4.1 GA.Maamendhoo Table 1: Existing generator capacity and fuel consumptions Installed genset Fuel consumption Max demand (KW) Min demand (KW) capacity per month 850 310 135 39,059

3.4.2 GA.Nilandhoo Table 2: Existing generator capacity and fuel consumptions Installed genset Fuel consumption Max demand (KW) Min demand (KW) capacity per month 464 180 80-90 21,840

3.4.3 GDh.Thinadhoo Table 3: Existing generator capacity and fuel consumptions Installed genset Fuel consumption Max demand (KW) Min demand (KW) capacity per month 3,800 2,200 1,100 275,650

3.5 Proposed works The proposed project involves the relocation of existing powerhouses at GA.Maamendhoo, GA.Nilandhoo, and GDh.Thinadhoo. The proposed location for the new powerhouses with respect to the existing powerhouses is indicated in Figure 1,2,and 3. The new powerhouses will be constructed by blockwork except for Thinadhoo where prefabricated units will be used. The project further involves the transfer of the existing generators from the old building to the new building along with installation of new gensets in some islands. The site plan for the proposed development is presented in Appendix G of this report. 3.5.1 Construction of the new powerhouse The powerhouses will be constructed based on an approved design by blockwork in Maamendhoo and Nilandhoo and with prefabricated units in Thinadhoo. 3.5.2 Construction of Admin building In addition to the generator house of the facility, an administrative building with a service area would be built. 3.5.3 Transfer and installation of generators and panel boards Metal rollers will be laid on the ground. Existing generators will be picked up using an excavator and placed on the metal rollers and rolled onto the new powerhouse. Prior to relocation, generators will be overhauled if needed. New panel boards will be installed at the new powerhouse. The output from the generators will be connected to the existing distribution grid. 3.6 Powerhouse and Admin building The construction of the powerhouse includes a number of structures that will support the power generation including the boundary wall, fuel storage tank with a bunded area, powerhouse, control room, administrative room, a chimney, transmission cables and related engineering works and earthworks. The powerhouse main building houses the power house deck room, control room and administrative room. The powerhouse is designed in accordance with MEA and EPA standards, details of which are summarized in the following sections. The components of the powerhouse and the admin building will all comply with the BS (British Standards). The BS standard is a standardization made by the United Kingdom which sets out internationally agreed specifications for manufacturers. The BS standards for electrical components are being agreed in the Maldives which is mentioned in the MEA regulations. Structural details of the powerhouses are given in Appendix H of this report.

3.6.1 Design The design of all structures will be performed in accordance with BS 449 and BS 5950. Grade 43C steel will be used or similar approved. Bolts, nuts, and washers will comply with BS 4190, BS 4320 / BS 4395. All welding consumables such as electrodes, filler rods, fluxes will comply with BS 5135. Structures will be designed for the most critical combinations of dead loads, imposed loads, equipment loads, wind loads, seismic loads and temperature loads. All walls and roofs at the powerhouse building will have galvanized profiled sandwich steel sheet cladding with a paint system applied for the marine environment. It is expected that the design will mitigate the noise propagation outside the building. All walls and roof will provide delta 35 dB noise reduction. The height of the chimney will be approximately 7.8m in Maamendhoo and Nilandhoo, and 9.9m in Thinadhoo. The height is in accordance with EPA and MEA standards. The estimated canopy height of the islands is approximately 30 ft. As the powerhouse in Thinadhoo is to be constructed with prefabricated materials, the structural designing will be done by the contractor.

Figure 4: Cross-section of the Powerhouse building and chimney in Maamendhoo and Nilandhoo

Figure 5: Cross section of the powerhouse building and chimney in Thinadhoo

3.6.2 Doors and Windows Aluminum doors, windows and glass walls as well as aluminum frames will be anodized in accordance with BS 1615 or BS 3987. Sections of aluminum profiles will not be less than 50 mm deep and 2 mm thick. Door and window elements will be fixed to the structure by means of separate rectangular hollow galvanized steel or aluminum frame. For air conditioning rooms, the aluminum windows will have double glazing. Glass wall on the wall, between the control room and the Genset room will have triple glazed. All doors will have design to mitigate noise and heat by using necessary insulation material or techniques. 3.6.3 Roof and Wall Cladding system All the walls and roofs will have insulated sandwich cladding. The roof and wall cladding will be multi-layered protected metal system consisting of a galvanized steel substrate, heavy epoxy base coat and high build exterior weather coat of polyurethane. It is expected that the design will mitigate the noise propagation outside the building. All walls and roof will provide delta 35 dB noise reduction. The cladding will be sealed with a non-drying, non-corrosive permanently elastic preformed metal sealing tape capable of performing at a temperature up to 100° C. The external weathering sheet will be secured to the galvanized sub-girths or structural support with stainless steel hexagon headed self-tapping screws, each with an integral Ethylene Propylene Die Memonoma (EPDM) washer bonded to a dished aluminium washer. Flashings required in connection with the external weather skin will be formed from > 0.5 mm thick material similar to claddings material. Profiled filler pieces will be provided at all terminal positions on the roof and sidewall areas. The fillers will be of polyethylene form and be immune to birds and insect attack.

3.6.4 Lighting, small power, air conditioner and fans All electrical installation at the building will comply with BS Standards. All electrical equipment, appliances and fittings and cables used will meet the standards. Furthermore, the electrical design of the building will be in accordance with MEA standards. Lights and sockets used for gen-set hall will be industrial type, design for hot and harsh environments. For outdoor applications, on gable end walls and corridors, only outdoor lights will be used. For all the rooms except the gen-set hall, lights design for office applications can be used. The control room and Technical staff room will be fitted with air conditioners and ceiling fans. Storeroom and tool room will be fitted with air conditioners. The workshop will have ceiling fans. Power sockets will be available on all walls of the rooms including the gen-set hall. The mean illumination level will be as follows; - Inside the Gen-set hall: 300 Lux - Control room / SWG room: 350 Lux - All other room: 250 Lux - Corridors/walls: 200 Lux - Inside the rooms/hall: 300 Lux - Corridors / outside walls: 200 Lux 3.6.5 Safety Precautions The safety precautions to be applied during the erection of the steel structures will be in accordance with BS 5531. All necessary precautions will be taken to protect personnel and property from hazards due to falls, injuries, toxic fumes, or other harm. During construction works the necessary safety signboards will be put up in working areas. Further, safety gear would be used by laborers, for instance, safety boots and hard hats. All painting and corrosion protection work, including inside the building will be performed under strict safety conditions. All necessary precautions will be taken to protect personal and property from hazards due to falls, injuries, toxic fumes, or other harm. All painting and corrosion protection work, including inside the building will be performed under strict safety conditions. 3.6.6 Depth of foundation As the design of substructure is within the scope of the contractor, the depth of the foundation will be known after the receipt of the final detail drawings. It is estimated that the minimum foundation depth will be 0.9m for the buildings and 1.2m for the chimney. As such if dewatering is required the contractor shall take the necessary permits from EPA. 3.6.7 Emergency power mechanism Movable backup gen-sets with containerized generator and control panel.

3.6.8 Measures to increase power efficiency Efficient diesel generator governor system and running time, and scheduled maintenances (de-carbonizing, top overhaul, full overhaul, and filter changes) at manufacturer recommended running intervals.

3.6.9 Safety components • Safety boards; Posters outlining the rights and responsibilities of workers, supervisors, and employers as well as providing an emergency phone number to report critical injuries will be displayed at an inconspicuous place. Additionally, printed colour posters of work attires in English and Dhivehi script shall be displayed • Fire safety system; Fire safety measures shall be designed and implemented by the contractor in accordance with the requirement for fire prevention equipment in buildings enforced by the Ministry of Defense and National Security of the Maldives. The main points of the guideline are highlighted in section 2.13 of this report. Other fire safety components such as design of fuel storage tanks and day tanks and the building shall be in accordance with the fuel handling procedure (Appendix D). • Lightning protection system. Powerhouse designers will propose all the safety systems. It will be ensured that the measures meet the minimum requirements once the supplier submits the final designs. 3.6.10 Fuel Management Fuel storage tanks of capacity 25,000 L is to be built in Maamendhoo and Nilandhoo with reinforce concrete retaining wall is proposed to be constructed which will contain the volume of fuel during emergency spills. 2 fuel storage tanks with an approximate total of 300,000 L will be used in Thinadhoo. The detailed drawings of fuel storage tanks are shown in the Appendix I; • Day tanks will be equipped with flow-meters and level detection. Tank will be installed with 150 mm concrete base; • Fuel pipe line: GI Pipelines conforming to international standards. Pipes will be laid 300 mm above ground level. Leak detection and echo-sounding in main tanks and lines will be equipped with flow-meter; and • Fuel to be transferred directly from transport vessel (moor near the powerhouse) to fuel tank at power house via hose if applicable. • Waste lubricant oil shall be stored in the store room in a closed labelled container over concrete floor. Waste lubricant oil will be transported to Thilafushi for disposal on a monthly basis.

• An air-cooling system will be utilized by all the generators for cooling of the systems. • Fuel handling procedure in Appendix D shall be followed when handling fuel, waste oils and lubricants at all times. 3.7 Project inputs and outputs The materials required for construction which are not available locally, shall be imported and shipped from Male’ to the site. The equipment required for the project are a crane and general construction tools. Some of these are available at the company and others would be sourced from available shops. The major inputs required for the construction of the powerhouse are outlined in The materials required for construction which are not available locally, shall be imported and shipped from Male’ to the site. The equipment required for the project are a crane and general construction tools. Some of these are available at the company and others would be sourced from available shops. below:-

Table 4. Major inputs required for the proposed project (per island) Input resource(s) Source/ type Qty/Volume Source of resource Construction phase Man Power Local and expatriate As needed Contractor Generators 1 Contractor Machinery and Crane 1 Contractor equipment Excavator 1 Contractor Metal rollers 10 Contractor Temporary site setup: Galvanized pipes, Small Local purchase or roofing sheets, toilet units, toilet fittings, quantities import cement, sand, timber, spun piles

Roofing, doors and windows: Steel, Large Local purchase or Bolts, quantities import nuts, washers, electrodes, filler rods, fluxes, doors, windows, glass, insulation Concrete works: reinforcement steel Large Local purchase or Construction materials bars, river sand, cement, aggregates quantities import Water and Sewer: HDPE pipes, Large Local purchase or pumps, control panels, inspection quantities import chambers, aerobic tanks Finishing: floor and wall tiles, gypsum Large Local purchase or boards, calcium silicate boards, zinc quantities import coated corrugated metal roof, paint, varnish, lacquer, thinner, dry walls, carpet etc. Petrol Large Local purchase Fuel for operation quantities Groundwater for construction Large Extraction from Water quantities local wells Electricity for operation - Obtained from Power existing grid

Operation phase Electricity grid Large FENAKA Electricity quantities Staff Small FENAKA Operators numbers Required for Operation and maintenance: Small FENAKA Machinery and Bowser, masks, gloves, protective eye quantities equipment wear, blowers, hardware tool kits Required for maintenance; lube oil, Small FENAKA Maintenance material fittings, pipes, etc. quantities For electricity generation Large FENAKA Fuel quantities

The main output of the project is a new powerhouse constructed from blockwork or prefabricated units. Other outputs anticipated to be generated from the project are outlined in the table below:- Table 5. Project outputs anticipated to be generated from the proposed project Project outputs Method of generation/Qty Method of control Construction phase Demolition wastes Demolition and green waste Waste oils gathered for one month and Green waste transferred to Thilafushi for Construction wastes Wastewater disposal Greenhouse gases, effluents Temporary outfall pipeline extending out of the reef to dispose of wastewater Small quantity Managed according to the existing Wastes generated from the waste and sewerage scheme of workforce island Localized to the project site Unavoidable, but could be minimized by limiting working Noise hours to daytime only and completing the project within the earliest possible duration. Operation phase To be built from block work and NA New powerhouse prefabricated units Electricity ~85-150kW from generators NA Burning diesel fuel Stored in barrels and transported to Thilafushi or used locally to Waste oil burn landfill waste or sometimes sold to locals

3.8 Construction method 3.8.1 Project Management During the construction phase, the following work profile will be utilized. Table 6. Work profile required for implementation of the proposed project Designation Responsibility Project manager Overall responsibility for the implementation of the project Project engineer Ensure that works are in accordance with drawings and specifications Surveyors Provide layout and levels

Site manager In charge of site work implementation and coordination Ensures that works are carried out according to project managers Implementation Supervisors instructions Assess risk and ensure that everyone follows the safety rules and Safety supervisors regulations. Laborers Carries out all the tasks 3.8.2 Mobilization The materials and equipment required for the project including heavy machinery will be brought to the island via barge and carrier vessels and unloaded at the harbour of the island. Once brought to the island, materials will be stored in the temporary storage area. Vehicles will be parked at the project site itself. 3.8.3 Establishment of temporary project facilities No temporary project housing facilities will be required to build as the required housing for the workforce will be provided from leasing residential houses on the island. The project site setup was done within the FENAKA premises of the new powerhouse locations. The temporary project site setup (if needed) includes a small hut constructed from metal pipes joined together by brackets, with tin roofing. Waste generated will be temporarily stored and transferred to Thilafushi for disposal if it cannot be disposed of locally. 3.8.4 Finishing Once the concrete works are finished, workers will use general construction tools for the blocks and masonry works. Electricians will then install all the electrical wires and equipment. Finally, the interior designers will do the finishing works. 3.8.5 Decommissioning Once the project has been completed, the contractor leaves the site after performing the required site clearance and levelling works. Any temporary project facilities will be demolished and the waste will be transported to Thilafushi for disposal. All heavy machinery brought in by the contractor will be demobilized via barge. Once the powerhouses are handed over to FENAKA Corporation, registration of the powerhouses in MEA will commence. 3.9 Health and safety measures Basic first aid facilities and safety gears shall be made readily available by the contractor during the construction phase of the project. In case of an emergency, the workers shall be taken to the health center and if the need be, taken to Male’. Other specific safety measures during construction phases are detailed in the respective components under the project description. During the operational phase, basic first aid facilities and safety gears shall be made readily available to the working staff at the powerhouses. Occupation health and safety guidelines (Appendix M) shall be strictly followed by all personnel. In case of an emergency, the workers shall be taken to the health center and if the need be, taken to Male’. Firefighting equipment and systems will be installed at all powerhouse buildings.

3.10 Project tasks already completed 3.10.1 GA.Maamendhoo Construction of the powerhouse in GA.Maamendhoo began in October 2019. At the time of the survey blockwork and roofing for the administrative building has been completed. Powerhouse building and chimney are being extended slightly within the same footprint and hence going under reconstruction. Roofing has been completed in the powerhouse building as well. The main fuel storage tank is being welded. Boundary wall foundation has been completed. The whole project is expected to be completed within the next 2 months.

Figure 6: Construction progress in Maamendhoo

3.10.2 GA.Nilandhoo Construction of the powerhouse in Nilandhoo also began in October 2019. However, only foundation works and pillars have been constructed as of the EIA survey trip. Blockwork are expected to begin soon. Foundation for the boundary wall has also been laid down.

Figure 7: Construction progress in Nilandhoo

3.10.3 GDh.Thinadhoo Construction of the new powerhouse in Thinadhoo first began in 2016 with an approved EIA but works were halted after the concrete flooring works and erection of beams.

Figure 8: Construction progress in Thinadhoo

4 METHODOLOGY The sampling points chosen to determine a baseline for the environmental parameters surveyed in each island are shown below

Figure 9: Sampling points for groundwater, noise level, and air quality in GA.Maamendhoo (noise and air quality are taken at the same sampling points)

Figure 10: Sampling points for groundwater, noise level, and air quality in GA.Nilandhoo (noise and air quality are taken at the same sampling points)

Figure 11: Sampling points for groundwater, noise level, and air quality in GDh.Thinadhoo (noise and air quality are taken at the same sampling points)

4.1 Terrestrial vegetation and wildlife Initial terrestrial vegetation survey was carried out by the respective island councils and FENAKA branch to determine if there were any trees or palm trees that required compensation be given to the locals or the local council. Site visit and aerial imagery inspection was also done to determine the vegetation clearance that had taken place in projects that have already begun. Any significant wildlife presence in the area was also determined during site visit through visual observation.

4.2 Water quality Two groundwater samples were collected from each island. Samples were collected in 500 mL plastic bottles by first rinsing the bottle with the sampling water which were then brought to Male’ to be tested by Maldives Water and Sewerage Company’s (MWSC) water quality assurance laboratory. In islands where the new powerhouse are being built within the premises of the old powerhouse, a control sample or a sample from the nearest residential has been taken. The surveying locations are shown in Figure 9, 10, and 11, and the tables below. Table 7: Descriptions of water quality sampling location with GPS coordinates GA.Maamendhoo GPS Coordinates Code Location X Y PPH Existing and proposed powerhouse 3262 35.8 78722.98 CS Control sample 326221.5 79279.38

Table 8: Descriptions of water quality sampling location with GPS coordinates GA.Nilandhoo GPS Coordinates Code Location X Y EPH Existing powerhouse 327395.4 70225.73 PPH Proposed powerhouse location 327120.3 70414.37

Table 9: Descriptions of water quality sampling location with GPS coordinates GDh.Thinadhoo GPS Coordinates Code Location X Y PPH Existing and proposed powerhouse 276617.3 58020.53 NR Nearest residential 276700.2 58105.5

4.3 Air quality Air quality was measured using a Graywolf air quality meter. Readings were taken in the engine room of the existing powerhouse, near the exhausts of the existing powerhouse, nearest house to the existing powerhouse, at the proposed powerhouse location and 2 alternative locations on each island. Parameters measured to quantify the ambient air quality were, sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen monoxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO). The surveying locations are shown in figure 9, 10, and 11, and the tables below. Table 10: Descriptions of air quality and noise levels sampling location with GPS coordinates in GA.Maamendhoo GPS Coordinates Code Location X Y EPH Existing powerhouse 326253 78712.73 PPH Proposed powerhouse location 326238.2 78748.55 NH Nearest residential house to existing powerhouse 326243 78826.29 A1 Alternative location 1 326236.1 78616.11

A2 Alternative location 2 326431.8 78451.02

Table 11: Descriptions of air quality and noise levels sampling location with GPS coordinates in GA.Nilandhoo GPS Coordinates Code Location X Y EPH Existing powerhouse 327118.3 70422.25 PPH Proposed powerhouse location 327405.3 70231.64 NH Nearest residential house to existing powerhouse 327361.4 70197.92 A1 Alternative location 1 327112.4 70572.7 A2 Alternative location 2 327052.2 70206.13

Table 12: Descriptions of air quality and noise levels sampling location with GPS coordinates in GDh.Thinadhoo GPS Coordinates Code Location X Y PPH Proposed powerhouse location 276638.7 57999.27 NH Nearest residential house to existing powerhouse 276692.2 58113.46 A1 Alternative location 1 277096.1 58639.22 A2 Alternative location 2 277743.5 59491.59

4.4 Noise level Noise level was measured using a handheld decibel meter. The readings were recorded at the existing powerhouse, nearest residency to existing powerhouse, proposed powerhouse location, and the 2 alternative locations in each island. Noise readings were taken from the same location as the air quality sampling locations. The surveying locations are shown in figure 9, 10, and 11. 4.5 Coastal environment Coastal changes and erosion were observed visually during site visit. It was also discussed during consultation meetings with the island council to get local expertise.

5 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT 5.1 The Maldivian Setting Maldives, officially known as the Republic of Maldives is an island nation (Zahid, 2011) consisting of nearly 1192 islands on a double chain of 26 natural atolls (administratively divided into 20 atolls), 80-120 km wide, in the Laccadive Sea in the Indian Ocean (Ministry of Environment & Construction [MEC], 2004). Elevating less than 3 meters above mean sea level, with 80% of land area less than 1 m, Maldives is the flattest country in the world. The total area is about 107,500 km2 of which roughly 300 km2 of landmass (Zahid, 2011), with a population of about 338, 434 (as per September 2014 census) (UNFPA, 2016) spread over 194 inhabited islands (Department of National Planning [DNP], 2010). Stretching 860 km from latitude 7°6”35” N, crosses the Equator to 0°42”24” S, and lies between 72°32”19” E and 73°46”13” E longitude (Zahid, 2011). These coral Atolls are located on the 1600 km long Laccadives-Chagos submarine ridge extending into the central Indian Ocean from the SW coast of the Indian sub-continent (MEC, 2004). The Atolls vary greatly in shape and size as well as characteristics, reefs and reef islands vary considerably from north to south. The northern atolls are broad banks, discontinuously fringed by reefs with small reef islands and with numerous patch reefs and faros in the Lagoon whereas, in the southern atolls, faros and patch reef are rarer in the Lagoon, continuity of the atoll rim is greater and a larger proportion of the perimeter of the Atolls is occupied by islands. The islands also differ depending on location, form, and topography. The islands vary in size from 0.5 km2 to around 5.0 km2 and in shape from small sandbanks with sparse vegetation to elongated strip islands. Many have storm ridges at the seaward edges and a few are characterized by swampy depressions in the center (MEC, 2004). Located on the equator, Maldives experiences a warm, humid tropical climate or a monsoonal climate with two distinct seasons known as the northeast monsoon (dry season) from January to March and southwest monsoon (wet season) from May to November (MEC, 2004). The southwest season brings in torrential rain (Zahid, 2011) and rainfall varies from north to south along the atoll chain, with a drier north and wetter south (MEC 2004). Rainfall varied from 1,407 mm to 2,707 mm interannually over the last 30 years. May, August, September, and December are the wettest months and January to April the driest (MEC, 2004). The annual and seasonal temperatures vary very little with a mean annual temperature of 28°C (MEC, 2004); however, the diurnal temperature fluctuates from 31°C during the day to 23°C at night. This is associated with the small size of the islands and the tempering of the hot days by cooling sea breezes surrounding the islands (Zahid, 2011). The highest and lowest temperatures on record are 36.8°C on May 1991 and 17.2°C in April 1978 respectively (MEC, 204. Ocean currents are driven by the monsoon winds with the westerly flowing currents dominating the northeast monsoon and easterly currents dominating the southwest monsoon.

Changes in current flow patterns occur in April and December corresponding to the transition periods of the southwest and northeast monsoons respectively. Currents near the shoreline slightly differ from oceanic currents depending on the location, orientation, and morphology of the reefs and underwater topography (Zahid, 2011). Sea surface temperature (SST) is reasonably constant throughout the year and ranges between 28 to 29 °C. Mean monthly SST rises from December/January to April/May. However, May 1998 experienced a mean monthly SST of 30.3 °C which is expected to occur every 20 years. Furthermore, temperature drops rapidly to below 20 °C at a depth of 90-100 m (MEC, 2004). The sea is calm in dry conditions in the north east monsoon and the south west monsoon winds turn the seas moderate to rough. The waters surrounding Maldives is clear of sediment runoff due to the absence of rivers and runoffs. The only noticeable sedimentation occurs from urban development projects at coastal areas especially land reclamation 5.2 Climatic conditions The Bureau of Meteorology of Maldives has compiled a range of climate variables since 1975 from five different meteorological stations located across the Maldives. Climate variables including temperature, rainfall, and wind are analyzed for the nearest meteorological stations to the islands. The nearest meteorological station to the project islands is GDh.Kaadehdhoo. Locations of the meteorological stations are indicated in Figure 12.

Figure 12: Locations of MET stations of Maldives and the project islands

5.2.1 Temperature Analysis of temperature data shows that the variation in temperature throughout the year is generally very minimal, however, daily temperature ranges from 34°C during the day to 20°C at night. Looking at the monthly variation in temperature, the highest temperature was recorded for the month of April from the meteorological station in Kaadehdhoo reading an average of 31.6°C over the past 25 years. With regards to the mean minimum temperature, the lowest temperature at Kaadehdhoo, 28.1 °C was recorded in November and December as shown in the figure below.

Figure 13: Mean, minimum, and maximum monthly temperatures for Kaadehdhoo from 1994 to 2019 (Data obtained from the Bureau of Meteorology, Maldives) 5.2.2 Rainfall Maldives experiences a monsoonal climate due to it being located on the equator. The wet season (Northeast monsoon) marked from mid-May to November and the dry season (Southwest monsoon) from January to March used to see distinct rainfall patterns. Climate change has made the monsoons and rainfall patterns slightly unpredictable the past few years but the trends have stayed fairly similar. Analysis of rainfall data from 1994 to 2019 at Kaadehdhoo meteorological station shows that the mean monthly rainfall follows the traditionally defined seasons with most rain occurring from May to November and little rain falling outside these months. The highest amount of rain was observed during the month of

November with approximately 273 mm of rain on average and the lowest rain was experienced in March, averaging only about 78.7 mm of rain over the past 25 years as shown in the figure below.

Figure 14. Mean monthly rainfall (mm) for Kaadehdhoo from 1994 to 2019 (Data obtained from the Bureau of Meteorology, Maldives)

5.2.3 Wind Analysis of wind data from Kaadehdhoo meteorological station shows that the dominant wind direction is from the west, indicating that southwest monsoon is the dominant monsoon in the Maldives. In contradiction to the traditional belief that southwest monsoonal wind comes predominantly from the SW, data analysis shows that predominant wind direction was between NW and W. Winds from the SW direction was low (only about 6 % of the time for both mean and maximum wind speeds). Maximum wind speeds are also predominantly recorded from NW to W direction. The second most dominant wind direction was observed to be between N and NE, perhaps the NE monsoon. As the predominant winds were coming from the western direction all year round, it should be kept in consideration when recommending a location for the new powerhouses.

The highest mean wind speed for this region was in the range >17-21 kn and the lowest wind speed was in the range >1-3 kn. The highest maximum wind speed for this region was in the range >48-55 kn.

Figure 15: Mean (right) and maximum (left) wind speeds for Kaadehdhoo from June 1994 to 2019 (Data obtained from the Bureau of Meteorology, Maldives)

5.3 General setting of study areas

Figure 16: Location of project islands within Gaafu Alif and Gaafu Dhaal atoll 59

5.3.1 GA.Maamendhoo Maamendhoo is located in Northern Huvadhu atoll at geographic coordinates of 0°42'52.60"N and 73°26'20.42"E. The reef system which holds the island is large and holds 4 other islands and 2 sand banks. The length and width of the island is approximately 1.39 km and 0.45 km respectively. Nilandhoo is a small island with a land area of approximately 51.2Ha. 5.3.2 GA.Nilandhoo Nilandhoo is located in Northern Huvadhu atoll at geographic coordinates of 0°38'10.16"N and 73°26'48.26"E. The reef system which holds the island is small and only holds the island itself. The length and width of the island is approximately 1.42 km and 0.46 km respectively. Nilandhoo is a small island with a land area of approximately 59.5Ha. 5.3.3 GDh.Thinadhoo Thinadhoo is located in Southern Huvadhu atoll at geographic coordinates of 0°31'51.82"N and 72°59'51.81"E. The reef system which holds the island is comparatively big but only holds the island itself. The length and width of the island is approximately 2.04 km and 0.93 km respectively. Thinadhoo is a large island with a land area of approximately 185Ha after land reclamation.

5.4 Terrestrial vegetation 5.4.1 GA.Maamendhoo Table 13: Number and type of trees that were present at the site in GA.Maamendhoo (names from “Common plants of Maldives” by Kerala Forest Research Institute)

No. of Trees Type of Tree ~100 “Dhivehi ruh” coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) The whole plot was previously cleared by the locals in 1999 when the first power production facility was developed by the islanders themselves. All vegetation on site were compensated for during this time period. The mature palms that had to be cleared for the construction of the new powerhouse were young at the time they were compensated for. The island council stated that since the compensation had taken place during island chief ruling, the documentation have been lost. An estimated number of vegetation removed has been provided in the table that was provided by the construction company that cleared the site. This is a total number of mature and young coconut palms.

Figure 17: Existing powerhouse and the vegetation in the rest of the plot that were cleared for the development of the new powerhouse 5.4.2 GA.Nilandhoo Table 14: Number and type of trees that were present at the site in GA.Nilandhoo (names from “Common plants of Maldives” by Kerala Forest Research Institute) No. of Trees Type of Tree 109 “Dhivehi ruh” Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) 105 “Raanbaa” Pandan leaves (Pandanus odorus Ridl.) 2 “Olhu ala” Taro (Arum esculentum L.) 2 “Dhunburi” Cork wood tree (Cerbera parvifl ora G.) 19 “Faiykeyo” Banana (Musa acuminata) 3 “Hirundhu” Indian tulip tree (Hibiscus populneus L.) 1 “Funa” Oil-nut tree (Calophyllum bingator Roxb.) The table above shows all the vegetation that required compensation be paid. Detailed list and receipts attached in Appendix L. In addition to these, some common plants such as “Magoo” (Scaevola sericea Vahl.), “Mirihi” (Silphium trilobatum L.) and other weed plants were also cleared from this site.

Figure 18: New powerhouse location before vegetation clearance in GA.Nilandhoo

5.4.3 GDh.Thinadhoo Table 15: Number and type of trees that were present at the site in GDh.Thinadhoo retrieved from initial EIA for Development of new powerhouse at GDh.Thinadhoo-2016 (names from “Common plants of Maldives” by Kerala Forest Research Institute)

No. of Trees Type of Tree 20 “Dhivehi ruh” Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) 1 “Fithuroanu” Beefwood tree (Casuarina africana Lour.) (not stated) “Midhili” Sea almond (Myrobalanus catappa L.) (not stated) “Dhiggaa” Sea hibiscus (Hibiscus hastatus L.) The table above shows any large trees that were reported to be present at the site initially in the EIA done in 2016. In addition to these, common grass and shrubs such as “Kulhhafilaa” (Launeaea sarmentosa), “Onuhui” (Panicum maximum), and Huni gondi (Lippia nudiflora) were also reported at the site. Since the project was halted after flooring and beams had been finished, no new vegetation has grown at the site except for some common grass.

Figure 19: Powerhouse site in GDh.Thinadhoo (left:before clearance, right:after clearance)

5.4.4 Land clearance Vegetation clearance prior to construction of the new buildings is inevitable. In most local islands, unless reclaimed, it is close to impossible to find any land not vegetated. The proponent ensures that only must needed clearances will take place. Any palms or trees that can be left within the premises are left within. Details of vegetation compensated for are attached with this report in Appendix L. The estimated canopy height for all the islands is 30 feet. 5.5 Water quality Groundwater test results were compared with the EPA standards for drinking water as follows; Table 16: Water quality optimal ranges

Location Optimal Range Reference pH 6.5-8.5 EPA Conductivity (μS/cm) <1500 EPA

TDS (mg/L) <1000 EPA Turbidity (NTU) <5 EPA BOD (mg/L) NA EPA Salinity (%) NA EPA Temperature(0C) NA EPA Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (mg/L) 0 EPA Total Coliform (MPN/100ml) 0 EPA Fecal Coliform (MPN/100ml) 0 EPA Groundwater test results from MWSC water quality assurance laboratory is attached in Appendix K of this report. Traces of TPH was found in all sites. This could be due to various reasons and does not necessarily mean that the source is a powerhouse. TPH encompasses hundreds to thousands of individual compounds with a wide range of chemical and physical properties varying each of their toxicity levels as well. No single method measures the entire range of petroleum derived hydrocarbons (Fawell, 2005). It is difficult and expensive (not even done in Maldives) to test for each individual compound to determine an “acceptable” value. Furthermore, hydrocarbon transport through island groundwater aquifers is a fast process both due to their physical and chemical properties and the porosity of sand in the Maldivian islands. In small, shallow aquifers, recharge and discharge areas may be much closer or even adjacent to each other, and residence time can be restricted to a few months or years (Chilton, 1996) The entirety of the island can possibly have hydrocarbon traces in ground water samples due to the simple fact that ground water aquifers have a rapid recharge and discharge rate. 5.5.1 GA.Maamendhoo Table 17: Water quality test results from the existing powerhouse and proposed site at GA.Maamendhoo Existing PH/Proposed Parameter Control Sample PH Physical appearance Clear with particles Clear with particles Temperature (°C) 22.0 22.1 pH 7.52 7.62 Conductivity 784 567 Turbidity 0.221 0.154 Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) 0.06 0.07 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 392 284 Construction work was already being carried out and the existing powerhouse being within vicinity is expected to influence ground water parameters being tested. 5.5.2 GA.Nilandhoo Table 18: Water quality test results from the existing powerhouse and proposed site at GA.Nilandhoo Parameter Existing PH Proposed site Physical appearance Clear with particles Clear with particles Temperature (°C) 22.1 22.1 pH 7.88 7.96

Conductivity 453 1007 Turbidity 0.254 0.363 Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) 0.06 0.06 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 227 504 Construction work was already being carried out and is expected to influence ground water parameters being tested. 5.5.3 GDh.Thinadhoo Table 19: Water quality test results from the existing powerhouse and proposed site at GDh.Thinadhoo Existing and proposed Parameter Nearest residential PH Physical appearance Clear Clear Temperature (°C) 22.4 22.6 pH 7.94 6.34 Conductivity 1589 12.9 Turbidity <0.1 <0.1 Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) 0.06 0.04 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 795 6.04 Existing powerhouse being within vicinity is expected to influence ground water parameters being tested.

5.6 Air quality 5.6.1 GA.Maamendhoo

There were no traces of SO2 at any of the surveyed sites. Slight traces of NO were found only near the exhausts pipes in the existing powerhouse. CO varied but only slightly between sites, showing that there isn’t much difference in ambient air quality between sites. All parameters were within an expected range. Table 20: Ambient air quality at surveyed locations in GA.Maamendhoo Survey location Parameters

SO2 (ppm) Code Description CO (ppm) NO (ppm) CO2 (ppm) Temp (°C)

EPH1 Existing powerhouse (in) 1.7 0.0 0.0 348 33.9 EPH2 Existing powerhouse (out) 2.1 0.7 0.0 351 33.0

Nearest Residential house to NH 1.4 0.0 0.0 324 36.8 existing power house

PPH Proposed powerhouse location 1.3 0.0 0.0 327 560 A1 Alternative Location 1 2.0 0.0 0.0 294 32.8

A2 Alternative Location 2 0.2 0.0 0.0 301 34.3

5.6.2 GA.Nilandhoo

There were no traces of SO2 or NO at any of the surveyed sites. CO varied but only slightly between sites, showing that there isn’t much difference in ambient air quality between sites. All parameters were within an expected range. Table 21: Ambient air quality at surveyed locations in GA.Nilandhoo Survey location Parameters

SO2 (ppm) Code Description CO (ppm) NO (ppm) CO2 (ppm) Temp (°C)

EPH1 Existing powerhouse (in) 2.1 0.0 0.0 346 34.2 EPH2 Existing powerhouse (out) 2.8 0.0 0.0 351 30.6

Nearest Residential house to NH 2.5 0.0 0.0 342 31.3 existing power house

PPH Proposed powerhouse location 2.0 0.0 0.0 327 34.7 A1 Alternative Location 1 1.8 0.0 0.0 304 30.8

A2 Alternative Location 2 1.5 0.0 0.0 312 31.8

5.6.3 GDh.Thinadhoo

There were no traces of SO2 at any surveyed sites. Slight traces of NO were recorded at some of the sites, and CO varied but only slightly between sites, showing that there isn’t much difference in ambient air quality between sites. All parameters were within an expected range. Table 22: Ambient air quality at surveyed locations in GDh.Thinadhoo Survey location Parameters

SO2 (ppm) Code Description CO (ppm) NO (ppm) CO2 (ppm) Temp (°C)

EPH1 Existing powerhouse (in) 2.8 0.0 0.0 356 35.9

EPH2 Existing powerhouse (out) 3.5 0.6 0.0 352 34.4 Nearest Residential house to NH 1.4 0.0 0.0 320 32.5 existing power house

PPH Proposed powerhouse location 3.6 0.2 0.0 348 31.7

A1 Alternative Location 1 0.7 0.6 0.0 291 31.3 A2 Alternative Location 2 1.4 0.0 0.0 284 30.7

5.7 Noise level

Noise, defined as unwanted sound, is perceived as an environmental stressor and nuisance and is associated with physical, mental and psychological stresses in humans. Exposure to continuous noise over 85-90 dB over a lifetime can lead to progressive hearing loss with an increased threshold of hearing sensitivity. Indirect effects of noise pollution include inducing non-auditory effects such as sleep disturbance and annoyance which eventually lead to stress responses, then symptoms and possibly illness. Noise exposure during sleep may increase

65 blood pressure, heart rate and finger pulse amplitude as well as body movements. Physiological symptoms associated with noise exposure include nausea, headache, argumentativeness, mood changes and anxiety (Stansfeld & Matheson, 2003).

Noise levels requisite to protect public welfare and health against hearing loss, annoyance and activity interference as identified by the EPA of the United States specified noise levels of 70 dB as the level of environmental noise which will prevent any measurable hearing loss over a lifetime. Likewise, levels of 55 dB outdoors and 45 dB indoors are identified as preventing activity interference and annoyance. The latter are considered those which will permit spoken conversation and other activities such as sleeping, working and recreation which are part of the daily human activities (US EPA, 2016a).

Children in particular are extremely vulnerable to both auditory and non-auditory health effects of noise. Studies of children exposed to environmental noise have consistently found effects on cognitive performance, decreased motivation, cardiovascular effects, endocrine disturbances as well as noise annoyance (Stansfeld & Matheson, 2003). Table 23: Ambient noise level at surveyed locations in GA.Maamendhoo Survey location Noise level (dB) Code Description Min Max Avg EPH1 Existing powerhouse (engine room) 102.0 104.0 103.0 EPH2 Existing powerhouse (outside) 78.8 102.2 90.5 NH Nearest residential house to existing power house 46.6 58.1 52.4 PPH Proposed powerhouse location 59.8 68.0 63.9 A1 Alternative Location 1 41.5 57.5 49.5 A2 Alternative Location 2 51.8 53.2 52.5 Table 24: Ambient noise level at surveyed locations GA.Nilandhoo Survey location Noise level (dB) Code Description Min Max Avg EPH1 Existing powerhouse (engine room) 104.5 105.2 104.9 EPH2 Existing powerhouse (outside) 91.9 92.6 92.3 NH Nearest residential house to existing power house 51.4 61.6 56.5 PPH Proposed powerhouse location 45.8 58.5 52.2 A1 Alternative Location 1 52.5 54.7 53.6 A2 Alternative Location 2 52.4 47.6 50.0 Table 25: Ambient noise level at surveyed locations GDh.Thinadhoo Survey location Noise level (dB) Code Description Min Max Avg EPH1 Existing powerhouse (engine room) 98.4 99.4 98.9 EPH2 Existing powerhouse (outside) 71.5 73.3 72.4 NH Nearest residential house to existing power house 52.2 63.7 57.9 PPH Proposed powerhouse location 64.8 66.3 65.6 A1 Alternative Location 1 43.7 52.9 48.3 A2 Alternative Location 2 49.0 52.3 50.7

Sounds above 60dB are considered noise and above 85dB are harmful to humans. As expected, noise level inside the engine room and within the premises of the existing powerhouse was above safe levels. Working in such condition without proper noise 66 cancellation accessories is detriment to human health. Residents of the neighboring houses are also constantly exposed to noise levels higher than ambient levels. In rural local islands especially, noise levels as such stands out very easily and would be a source of nuisance. 5.8 Coastal environment The island councils reported cases of erosion in all three islands. Maamendhoo has been experiencing severe erosion from the northern tip of the island since the reclamation and extension of the runway in Kooddoo airport north of Maamendhoo.

Figure 20: Erosion at northern tip of GA.Maamendhoo

GDh.Thinadhoo faces heavy erosion at the northern shoreline of the newly reclaimed area as well as the southern side of the island. The shoreline near the powerhouse is subjected to strong wave action during monsoon season causing severe erosion to the point the boundary wall of the desalination plant south of the powerhouse has suffered severe damage

Figure 21: Erosion near the desalination plant in GDh.Thinadhoo

The island council of Nilandhoo also stated that the island faces severe erosion at certain parts of the island.

5.9 Socioeconomic status 5.9.1 GA.Maamendhoo Population of Maamendhoo is fairly small. As of December 2014, registered population was 1,463 out of which only 1,055 were enumerated in September of that year. This shows that many residents must have been working in resorts or immigrated to other islands. Table 26: Population details of GA.Maamendhoo (sourced from Census 2014 by National Bureau of Statistics and the local island council) Annual pop Census Both sexes Male Female growth Enumerated 2006 1000 508 492 2.0 Enumerated 2014 1,055 544 511 0.63 Registered 2014 1,463 787 676 - Registered 2019 1,515 - - - As of 2019 the registered locals occupy approximately 219,424 m2 of the total land area giving a population density of 0.0069 people per m2. Economic ventures and social amenities Most youth of Maamendhoo are employed in the tourism sector while some older generations practice agriculture. However, these lands are not officially leased by the council and often get disturbed or damaged by local criminals. The island school teaches up to the 10th grade and the health center only has 1 doctor. Proposed development projects Significant developmental projects planned by the council for the island include establishing a swimming track, outdoor gym, and a Bank of Maldives ATM. Furthermore, there are ongoing efforts for the expansion of the harbor and establishing a water and sewerage system in the island. 5.9.2 GA.Nilandhoo Population of Nilandhoo is also fairly small but has seen a considerable growth in the past decade. As of December 2019, registered population was 1102 out of which only 597 were enumerated. This shows that many residents must have been working in resorts or immigrated to other islands. Table 27: Population details of GA.Nilandhoo (sourced from Census 2014 by National Bureau of Statistics and the local island council) Annual pop Census Both sexes Male Female growth Enumerated 2006 534 258 276 3.5 Enumerated 2014 501 266 235 -0.75 Registered 2014 853 431 422 - Enumerated 2019 597 - - - Registered 2019 1102 - - - As of 2019 the registered locals occupy approximately 142,279m2 of the total land area giving a population density of 0.0041 people per m2. Economic ventures and social amenities

Locals of Nilandhoo are heavily invested in agriculture. There is a total of 5000 square feet of land being used for for agricultural purposes (210 fields). More than half of the island is allocated for agriculture. Some men are also in the fisheries industry while many of the youth are employed in the tourism sector. The local school teaches up to the 10th grade and the health center only has 1 doctor and 2 nurses. The island council is trying to take measurements to locally preserve the ruins of a temple as a heritage site which has long been buried. Proposed development projects Significant development projects planned for the island include development of local tourism, expansion of harbor and jetty, a children’s park, and ATM, new classrooms for the school, laboratory facilities for the health center, and development of a water and sewerage system. 5.9.3 GDh.Thinadhoo Thinadhoo is 5th most populous island of Maldives. As of December 2019, registered population was 7,818 while a total of approximately 12,000 people live on the island including foreigners. Table 28: Population details of GDh.Thinadhoo (sourced from Census 2014 by National Bureau of Statistics and the local island council) Annual pop Census Both sexes Male Female growth Enumerated 2006 4,442 2,168 2,274 -1.6 Enumerated 2014 4,669 2,340 2,329 0.59 Registered 2014 6,991 3,540 3,451 - Enumerated 2019 12,000 - - - Registered 2019 7,818 - - - As of 2019 the locals occupy approximately 929,805 m2 of the total land area giving a population density of 0.0012 people per m2. Economic ventures and social amenities Thinadhoo is an economically developed island with many retail and wholesale businesses along with a well-established fisheries sector and transport system. The island council also stated that there are 34 small scale agricultural fields. Many people are employed in the nearby Kaadehdhoo airport as well. The island has 4 preschools, 2 primary schools, 1 secondary school, 1 university campus, and 2 college campuses on the island. The island also has a well- established hospital with water storage and backup electricity generation facilities in case of an emergency. Proposed development projects There are plans to develop an international port on the island which would further diversify its economic status. Furthermore, a new tertiary hospital is to be built in the island along with upgrading the current hospital in terms of acquiring more medical machinery and equipment. Other significant developmental plans for the island include development of a gas plant, an ice plant, and more housing units.

5.10 Hazard vulnerability The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) has compiled a very thorough study to develop a risk profile for the Maldives in order to determine the probability of hazards across different regions of Maldives based on geological evidence, historical data and projections derived from theoretical analysis (UNDP, 2006). A detailed island risk and vulnerability assessment was done for GDh.Thinadhoo in 2013 under the Integrating Climate Change Risk into Resilient Island Planning in the Maldives initiative by the Ministry of Environment and Enegery. Likelihood of storm hazards for the island under concern are analyzed using this disaster risk management study done by the UNDP and likelihood of flooding is analyzed using rainfall data from the nearest meteorological center to each island. Some island specific data are also obtained from consultation with island councils and personal communication with the islanders. 5.10.1 Storms

In addition to monsoonal heavy rains and strong winds, hazardous weather events which regularly affect the Maldives are tropical storms or tropical cyclones and severe local storms (thunder storms/thunder squalls) (UNDP, 2006).

Ever so often, tropical cyclones hitting the Maldives are highly destructive due to associated strong winds that exceed a speed of 150 km/hr, heavy rainfall of above 30-40 cm in 24 hrs and storm tides that often exceed 4-5 m. Strong winds often damage vegetation, houses, communication networks and roads. Heavy rainfall is associated with serious flooding. Cyclonic winds can sometimes cause a sudden rise in sea level along the coast, leading to a storm surge. The combined effect of surge and tide, which is known as ‘storm tide’, can cause catastrophic events in low lying areas, flat coasts and islands such as the Maldives (UNDP, 2006).

Hazards associated with thunder storms include strong winds often exceeding a speed of 100 km/hr, heavy rainfall, lightning and hail. Such thunder storms are very frequent in the equatorial region, which is where the Maldives lie, however, they are less violent at this region. Moreover, land areas are more frequently hit by thunder storms than the open ocean. Strong winds generated by severe local storms generate large wind-driven waves which are hazardous for the Maldives (UNDP, 2006). 5.10.2 Cyclonic winds

Studies of historic data suggests that even though the northern islands of the country were affected by weak cyclones which formed in the southern part of Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea, in general the Maldives islands were less prone to tropical cyclones. According to the cyclonic wind hazard zone classification, the north most islands represent the highest risk region and the hazard risk decreases moving down south (UNDP, 2006).

On a scale of 1-5, with 5 being the highest risk zone, Gaafu Alif and Gaafu Dhaalu falls under the very low-risk zone as shown in the figure below (UNDP, 2006). Therefore, it can be deduced that the risk of cyclones hitting the islands are extremely low, however, it should be noted that only 11 cyclones have been recorded across the Maldives since 1877.

Figure 22: Cyclonic wind hazard map of the Maldives; category 5 is the highest risk zone and category 1 is the lowest (Adapted from UNDP, 2006)

5.10.3 Storm surge According to the bathymetric surveys of the entire Maldives, the ocean slope towards the eastern side is steeper than the west coast which indicates that the eastern islands of the Maldives are more vulnerable to higher surge hazard compared to the western islands. Accordingly, the country has been divided into 5 broad storm surge hazard zones from 1-5, with 5 being the highest risk category. According to this zoning, Gaafu Alif and Gaafu Dhaalu atoll is in the very low-risk zone (UNDP, 2006)

Figure 23: Storm hazard map of the Maldives from red to green red being highest risk (Adapted from UNDP, 2006).

5.10.4 Flooding Rainfall data from 5 meteorological stations representing the whole of Maldives have been used to analyze the flood and drought years across the country. Data has been standardized against the overall mean from each station. Deducing from standard deviation of rainfall from long-term mean, it can be concluded that if the difference between long-term mean and standard deviation is >1, that corresponding year is a flood year whereas if this difference is <- 1 it may be considered a drought year. The concerned islands are located at the southern quadrant of the Maldives with the nearest MET station being Kaadehdhoo within the same geographic atoll. Analysis of rainfall data from Kaadehdhoo station showed that this part of the Maldives experienced more rain deficient years than heavy rainfall years. As for flooding, 4 years observed rainfall >1 standard deviation from the long-term mean (Figure 22) indicating that flooding is a rare occurrence at this part of the Maldives.

There are other factors that also greatly influence risk of flooding for instance, alterations to the islands size, width and topography, an island’s risk to flooding may vary despite similar rainfall patterns. Generally reclaimed land is more vulnerable to flooding.

Maamendhoo is reported to flood occasionally during rainy season and when storm surges carry saltwater into the island. Nilandhoo also reported ocassional floods due to heavy rainfall. Thinadhoo also experiences frequent flooding from rainfall due to unplanned reclamation projects that have been carried out without addressing drainage issues (Riyan Pte.Ltd, 2013) 5.10.5 Tsunami Tsunamis are destructive oceanic waves generated due to disturbances on the sea floor such as earth quakes, volcanic eruptions, underwater landslides, or even meteorite impacts. In 2004 the second largest tsunamigenic earthquake globally recorded hit Indonesia and generated tsunamis 3-10 meters high travelling across the Indian Ocean striking Maldives with waves ranging 1.2-4.2 m. Out of 198 inhabited islands, 13 were destroyed, 56 sustained major physical damage, and 121 faced moderate damage from flooding. 95% of tsunamis that effect Maldives are generated from the eastern source zones. The risk is high for eastern fringe of eastern atolls, though eastern fringe of some western atolls is also at high risk. By observing bathymetric contours, the islands have been categorised into 5 zones with 1 being the lowest hazard level. As shown in the map below, a large part of the outer rim of Gaafu Alif and Gaafu Dhaalu atoll is shown to be high risk areas. Maamendhoo and Nilandhoo are within the red zone meaning they are at a very high risk of being effected by a tsunami while Thinadhoo is in a moderate risk zone.

Hazard Range of probable zone maximum wave height (cm) 1 Less than 30 2 30-80 3 80-250 4 250-320 5 320-450

Figure 25: Tsunami hazard zoning map (left) and hazard zones and their probably maximum wave height (right) of the Maldives; (Adapted from UNDP,2006) 5.10.6 Fire, electrical, and explosion Due to the nature of the project, the risk of fire, electrical and explosion hazards are very high. For instance, as the project includes construction of fuel powered powerhouses, the risk

73 of fire hazard is high. In 2016, GDh. Thinadhoo experienced a catastrophic fire event in which the whole powerhouse burnt down severely. Risk factors associated with fire hazards and preventative measure are discussed in more detail in the risk analysis and environmental management and mitigation sections of this report.

6 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION An integral part of this EIA has been consultation with all relevant parties including general public, island council members, FENAKA branch staff, and relevant government authorities 6.1 Public consultation Public consultations were carried out by the respective FENAKA Branch staff. A door-to- door survey approach was followed to complete a questionnaire prepared by the EIA Consultant. In addition to the neighboring houses within the immediate vicinity of the existing powerhouses, few more households were randomly selected on the island including households near the proposed powerhouse locations for public consultation. A brief of the new proposal was given and the consulted parties were given the opportunity to raise any concerns. 6.1.1 GA.Maamendhoo The survey in GA.Maamendhoo was carried out on 16th January 2020 Table 29: Details of residents that participated in the survey Name Address Mohamed Saeed Diamond Villa Jaadhu Coral Berry Abidh Roazareege Khadheeja Shiuna Cute Nasih Afeef Oasis View Mohamed Saeed Mars Ali Waheed Mehmaansara Ibrahim Nasih Asrafee Villa Mohamed Kulsham Mark Anas Rasheed Azuma Villa Vishah Red Rose Ahmed Azeez Thesna Mohamed Naafiz Minivan Hiyaa Hamdhoon Hassan Sunlight Villa Mohamed Sharam Hithilaage Mohamed Nasheed Gulshan Shama Sidheeq Gandaamuge Abdulla Muaz Azeez Green Meed Mohamed Layaan Night Star Mohamed Shah Bageechaage Ibrahim Sabir Rosebed

The existing powerhouse is located south and further away from the residential areas of the island. Hence, there are no residents living within the immediate vicinity of the powerhouse. The residents living in the house nearest to the powerhouse were visited and interviewed and there are no major and severe concerns highlighted by them. Based on the public consultation door-to-door survey conducted by the FENAKA Branch staff, the most serious concern raised by the residents was that the control panel of the generator sets is located exposed in the administrative office space of the existing powerhouse, right next to the bill payment counter. This poses an electrical hazard as the control panel is accessible to

75 anyone who passes by, especially children who may try to play with the control panel. Moreover, the two engine rooms sandwich the administrative office space in the existing powerhouse. This results in a noisy environment for the residents who visit the powerhouse to pay the electricity bills. The most commonly addressed issue in the public consultation was voltage drop issues which results in damage to the household electronic appliances. In general, the respondents are content and satisfied with the proposed powerhouse location, which is located right next to the existing powerhouse, away from the residential areas. 6.1.2 GA.Nilandhoo The survey in GA.Nilandhoo was carried out on 17th January 2020 Table 30: Details of residents that participated in the survey Name Address Adila Saeed Raagolhaage Mohamed Manik Kan’dufennage Simaz Ali Rocketge Mohamed Shamheed Han’dhuvaree aage Ali Waheed Dhekunuge Nadheem Ahmed Silver Beach Javid Shahid Diamond Villa Inasha Ashraf Ahchamuge Mohamed Lihaz Adam Annaarumaage Mohamed Saeed Lilymaage Mohamed Labeeb Rihiveli Mariyam Didi Ruhdhoshuge Haleemath Manike Sky Shadow Mohamed Hassan Sheereena Manzil Ali Najeeb Aroma Saeedha Aboobakur Finihiya Villa Latheefa Dheyliyaage Hassan Futhu Fehivina Mohamed Didi Zurich Villa Shahid Ali Morning Sun Ali Zahir Night Star

The existing powerhouse is located at the centre of the island, close to the residential areas. The residents living in the house nearest to the powerhouse were visited and interviewed. The major concerns highlighted by them include loud noise, smoke, smell of diesel and voltage drop issues. Based on the public consultation door-to-door survey conducted by the FENAKA Branch staff, the most commonly addressed concerns raised by the residents were voltage drop issues due to old cable network and frequent power cuts. These problems result in damage to the household electronic appliances. Some residents were unhappy about the fact the plot had not been properly cleared and levelled before the initiation of the civil works of the project. In general, the respondents are content and satisfied with the proposed powerhouse location, which is located on the east side of the island, from where the wind from North-west will not cause smoke and soot to sweep into the island.

6.1.3 GDh.Thinadhoo The survey in GDh.Thinadhoo was carried out on 29th January 2020 Table 31: Details of residents that participated in the survey Name Address Agleema Aslu Udhuheyythari Udhuheythari Nasreen Mohamed (address not provided) Eemaanullah Ibrahim (address not provided) Hassan Sujaau (address not provided) Saarim Ali (address not provided) Rashwan Mohamed (address not provided) Aishath Zahira (address not provided) Hassan Saathir (address not provided) Aminath Raudha (address not provided) Raahidha (address not provided) Sheez (address not provided) Musthafa Hassan (address not provided) Hassan Shaazly (address not provided) Ahmed Siyaah (address not provided) Anonymous (address not provided) Anonymous (address not provided) Aminath Abdulla Rabarumaage Maashitha Mohamed (address not provided) Mohamed Shameem (address not provided) Amir Hussain (address not provided)

The existing powerhouse is located at the southern end of the island and there are no residential areas within the 200 feet radius from the powerhouse. The residents living in the two houses nearest to the powerhouse were visited and interviewed. There are no major concerns highlighted by them regarding smoke and noise. However, they have observed smell and oil traces in groundwater and face difficulty in collecting rainwater from the roofs. Fortunately, the water produced by the FENAKA RO Plant is of high quality which has encouraged the people to switch from rainwater to desalinated water. Hence, there is very less demand for rainwater. Based on the public consultation door-to-door survey conducted by the FENAKA Branch staff, the most commonly addressed concern raised by the residents were that the temporary facility of the existing powerhouse is not a safe and suitable work environment for the staff. Moreover, there are concerns of frequent power cuts which results in damage to the household electronic appliances, and that the powerhouse staff do not answer the calls made regarding the electricity service provision. The proposed powerhouse plot is adjacent to the existing powerhouse. In general, the respondents are content and satisfied with the proposed powerhouse location, which is located on the south side of the island, from where the wind from North-west will not cause smoke and soot to sweep into the island.

6.2 Consultation with island council 6.2.1 GA.Maamendhoo The consultation with the GA. Maamendhoo Island Council was held on 16th January 2020. A list of participants who attended the meeting is attached in Annex C. The main discussions during this meeting are highlighted below: • The proposed plot is as extension of the existing powerhouse plot. This plot is allocated in the Land Use Plan (LUP) of the island. There are ongoing efforts to update the LUP. • The Council has not received any complaints regarding the location of the powerhouse as it is situated away from the residential areas. However, the Council has received complaints regarding the electricity service provision which includes voltage drop issues and frequent power cuts. The Council believes that the cable network needs to be upgraded to solve these issues. • When the plot was taken for the powerhouse in 1999, compensation was given for the palms and trees on site. Unfortunately, the Council may not be able to provide this old document as it may not be available in the Council Records. • The Council looks forward to the development of the island as they plan to establish a swimming track, outdoor gym, Bank of Maldives ATM and there are ongoing efforts for expansion and lighting of the harbor, and water and sewerage systems. • There is a dump site located on the south of the island where the waste is burnt. However, there is a plan for a Waste Management Centre in the near future. • There is major erosion at the Northeast side of the island where 50ft of beach is eroding and many palms and trees have fallen. The Council suspects that the erosion worsened after the Kooddoo harbour expansion project. There are no heritage sites and protected trees on the island. 6.2.2 GA.Nilandhoo The consultation with the GA. Nilandhoo Island Council was held on 16th January 2020. A list of participants who attended the meeting is attached in Annex C. The main discussions during this meeting are highlighted below: • The proposed plot was registered in 2017. There are ongoing efforts to design the LUP based on the available chart of the island. • The Council has received numerous complaints regarding the existing powerhouse as it is situated in the close proximity from the residential areas. The main complaint addressed is that the wind from northwest into the island causes carbon from the chimneys to deposit on the roofs of houses located in the immediate proximity of the existing powerhouse. This results in the difficulty in collecting rainwater from the roofs. • The compensation for the palms and trees on site was given on 17th October 2019. This document is attached in Annex L.

• The Council has plans for the development of the island which includes local tourism, expansion of harbour and jetty, children’s park, Bank of Maldives ATM, new classrooms for the school, laboratory facility for the Health Centre and water and sewerage systems. • The works at the WMC has been halted and the Council has difficulty in managing waste on the island. Currently, the Council takes a waste collection fee of MVR 150.00 from each household and collect the waste in a dump site where the waste is burnt. • There is an ancient temple ruins located north of the existing powerhouse. However, it has not yet been classified as a heritage site. 6.2.3 GDh.Thinadhoo • The consultation with the GDh. Thinadhoo Island Council was held on 20th January 2020. A list of participants who attended the meeting is attached in Annex C. • The main discussions during this meeting are highlighted below: • The proposed plot is as extension of the existing powerhouse plot. This plot is allocated in the Land Use Plan (LUP) of the island. • After the fire incident of the former powerhouse, temporary arrangements were made to provide electricity for the island. Generators were placed in cargo containers and one generator on the road. GDh. Thinadhoo FENAKA branch had sheltered these generators using roofing sheets. • The Council receives complains regarding frequent power cuts which causes damage to the household electronic appliances. • The proposed powerhouse plot is a reclaimed land; hence, no vegetation clearance was needed. • The Council has plans for the development of the island which includes Gas Plant, Ice Plant, International Port, Tertiary Hospital, housing units and upgrading of the Hospital in terms of more medical machineries and equipment. According to the information given from the Hospital, with these developments, the 150kW backup generator set will need to be upgraded to prevent disruption to service provision at the hospital. • The WMC is managed by the Council. Currently, there are no incinerators and waste are burnt at site. Waste segregation is followed at household and WMC level to promote recycling and reusing. • There is major erosion at the north side of the island where the Phase 2 Reclamation of Land has been completed and at the west side of the island. Storm surges happen from the harbour of the island which has caused damaged to the vessels at the harbour. • There are a few ancient heritage site in the island. There are ongoing efforts to protect most of these sites.

6.3 Consultation with FENAKA branch staff Consultations with the FENAKA Branch staff regarding the proposed development were held at each respective FENAKA Branch Office. 6.3.1 GA.Maamendhoo The consultation with the GA. Maamendhoo FENAKA Branch was held on 15th January 2020. A list of participants who attended the meeting is attached in Annex C. The main discussions during this meeting are highlighted below: • The main problems faced in the existing powerhouse include the Control Panel being placed in the administrative building, which is sandwiched by the two Engine rooms. This poses electrical hazards for the residents who visit to pay the bills and creates a noisy environment for both the staff and visitors. • There are no major complaints received from the public regarding the location of the existing powerhouse. However, the most commonly addressed concern is voltage drop issues caused by the old and thin cable network. The staff believes that the cable network needs to be renewed. • In general, the staff are content with the proposed powerhouse design. However, since the space allocated for the workshop was taken to add another engine bed, they need additional space for a workshop. They also suggest another gate on the east side of the proposed powerhouse for a better evacuation plan. • The power produced in the existing powerhouse is 310 kWh during peak hours and 135 kWh during off peak hours. The fuel storage capacity is 12000L which needs to be refilled once a week. • Currently there are 3 generator sets in running condition in the existing powerhouse; 1 x 400kW, 1 x 250kW and 1 x 200kW, out of which the new 400kW generator has minor issues such as oil leaks. All the generator sets are of the Cummins brand. • There are no safety equipment available and fire extinguishers have been expired at the existing powerhouse. • The waste oil from the existing powerhouse are handed over to the Island Council for waste management. • The survey for the solar POISED project has been completed in GA.Maamendhoo. • Currently, the fuel for the powerhouse is transported in syntax tanks in a pickup. The staff prefers a bowser for fuel transport and proposed a channel to be dredged in front of the proposed powerhouse during the harbour expansion project. This will allow the fuel supply barge to be brought close to the powerhouse and supply fuel easily via a fuel line. 6.3.2 GA.Nilandhoo The consultation with the GA. Nilandhoo FENAKA Branch was held on 16th January 2020. A list of participants who attended the meeting is attached in Annex C.

The main discussions during this meeting are highlighted below: • The main problems faced in the existing powerhouse include overheating due to roofing sheets walls and roofs, lack of office space, roof damage, and unsafe fuel storage in old syntax tanks. • There are no major complaints received from the public regarding the location of the existing powerhouse. However, the most commonly addressed concern is voltage drop issues caused by the old and thin cable network which causes damage to household electronics. The staff believes that the cable network needs to be renewed. • In general, the staff are content with the proposed powerhouse as it is away from the residential areas. • The power produced in the existing powerhouse is 180 kWh during peak hours and 80- 90 kWh during off peak hours. The fuel storage capacity is 15000L which needs to be refilled 2 to 3 times a month. • Currently there is only 1 generator set in running condition in the existing powerhouse; which is of 264kW. The 200kW generator set can only be run for 1 hour daily. All the generator sets are of the Cummins brand. • There are no safety equipment available and fire extinguishers have been expired at the existing powerhouse. • The waste oil from the existing powerhouse are handed over to the Island Council for waste management. • The survey for the solar POISED project has been completed in GA. Nilandhoo. • Currently, the fuel for the powerhouse is transported in syntax tanks in a pickup which is hired for every transfer. The staff prefers FENAKA to have its own pickup, proper training for staff and additional technicians. 6.3.3 GDh.Thinadhoo The consultation with the GDh. Thinadhoo FENAKA Branch was held on 19th January 2020. A list of participants who attended the meeting is attached in Annex C. The main discussions during this meeting are highlighted below: • The main problem faced in the existing powerhouse is lack of an engine room as generator sets are placed inside cargo containers and 1 generator set on the road which has been sheltered by the powerhouse staff. There are also problems arising due to overheating due to roofing sheets walls and roofs, high voltage cable being exposed and flooding during rainy season. • There are no major complaints received from the public regarding the location of the existing powerhouse. • In general, the staff are content with the proposed powerhouse as it is away from the residential areas. However, the staff believes that the proposed powerhouse design is too small in size and will need to be extended soon after operations begin.

• The power produced in the existing powerhouse is 2200 kWh during peak hours and 1100 kWh during off peak hours. The fuel storage capacity is 60000L. • Currently there are 4 generator sets in running condition in the existing powerhouse; 1 x 800kW and 3 x 1000kW, out of which the generator sets except the new 1000kW generator sets have low efficiency. There is 1 x 1000kW in the existing powerhouse is broken. All the generator sets are of the Cummins brand. • There are no safety equipment available and fire extinguishers have been expired at the existing powerhouse. • The voltage drop issue has been solved after the installation of the feeder and new cables. • The waste oil from the existing powerhouse are handed over to the Island Council for waste management. • The POISED solar project of capacity 758kW has been completed and connected to the main grid which contributes 200kW of energy. 6.4 Consultation with HPA An email request for a stakeholder consultation meeting was sent to Health Protection Agency of Maldives on 9th January 2020. However, no response was received from the ministry. The copy of email is attached to this report in Appendix I. However, the following outlines the general concerns by HPA in other powerhouse project consultations. • Construction workers’ safety and hygiene is very important. There have been multiple cases of disease outbreaks from construction sites. • Personal protective equipment and site safety must be ensured at the construction sites. • Precautions for any possible falling objects must be taken. • Recommend using lead free paint. • Sound proofing is important. • Any possible measures that can be taken to decrease emission of carcinogens in smoke must be taken. • Currently there are no proper surveys done on effects of powerhouses. However, small scale surveys have been done following complaints received from households living near powerhouses.

6.5 Maldives Energy Authority (MEA) A meeting was conducted at Maldives Land and Survey Authority on the 12th February 2020. A list of participants who attended the meeting is attached in the Annex C. A summary of the discussions are provided below. • An MEA licensed engineer should work on and approve the powerhouse designs. • The design and operations should be conducted according to the regulations of MEA and EPA • Temperature inside the engine room should not exceed 40˚ Celsius. • Radiation fans are recommended in order to keep a positive pressure within the powerhouse to allow high suction of air into the engine room. • MEA also noted that the cables used should be ones that are approved from the authority.

6.6 Ministry of Planning and Infrastructure and Maldives Land Survey Authority Meeting were held with MLSA regarding the location on these islands on 5th and 11th February 2020. List of attendees is attached in Appendix C. Summary of the discussions regarding the 3 islands is provided below: • Since the proposed location in GA.Maamendhoo slightly encroaches the 200ft buffer zone from residential houses, MLSA stated that they will have to have some further discussions regarding the approval of this location. • MLSA is unsure regarding the location in GA.Nilandhoo and said they would reach back after they check the LUP. • Since the location in GDh.Thinadhoo is within the existing premises and is shown in an approved LUP MLSA stated that no further approval needs to be given for this location.

7 OPTIONS ASSESSMENT 7.1 Purpose and need for the proposed development As discussed in the introductory section of this report, residents of GA.Maamendhoo and GA.Nilandhoo are at a great risk of health consequences which may arise, if not already, due to living in close proximity to a power generating facility that is old. Particularly since such facilities are run 24/7, the residents are in constant exposure to the polluted air and high noise level. The staff are also working in dire conditions exposed to extreme conditions inside the engine room. Residents of GDh.Thinadhoo live in the constant fear that a power outage might happen due to an incident such as the disastrous fire in 2016. 7.2 Alternatives The possible causes of actions, in place of another that would meet the same purpose and need, otherwise known as alternatives, have been well considered in this study as alternatives are essential to a sound decision-making process and central to an effective EIA. With due consideration to the purpose and need for the proposed project, there are two alternatives identified for this project. The “do nothing” or no project scenario and choosing a different location other than the proposed location for the new powerhouses. Details of which are further discussed below:- 7.2.1 Option 1: Maintain status-quo The first option is a “Do Nothing” scenario, whereby the powerhouse will remain at the same location and condition as they are now. Under this scenario, no trees will be removed, there will be no wastes generated during construction and any construction-related hazards will be avoided, however, the social consequences which may arise are as follows: - • As the powerhouses are old and amidst residential area, the neighboring residents will remain in a constant exposure to polluted air released from the powerhouses as well as to the high noise level. This will further increase the health risks associated with living in a polluted environment; • A solution to nearby residents not being able to harvest drinkable rainwater through rooftops due to soot deposition will not be achieved; • Powerhouse will remain in their current state even though they were not built according to the building codes of standard of a power generating facility; and • Reduces reliability of service provision by FENAKA Corporation to the islands and lead to a loss of credibility of the Company. • GDh.Thinadhoo will continue run its’ powerhouse in the temporary facility with no proper facilities. Additionally, to not improve the services provided by FENAKA Corporation and to overlook the obvious health hazards faced by the customers would put the Company at odd with its mission statement:

“We intend to provide integrated, sustainable, reliable and eco-friendly utility services by implementing the finest standards, cutting-edge technology and use of our skilled expertise to satisfy our stakeholders.” 7.2.2 Option 2: Alternative locations The second option considered is to construct the new powerhouse facilities at a different location than the proposed location. These alternative locations were assessed by the FENAKA branch along with the island council members before choosing the current final proposed location. In Thinadhoo, the current powerhouse vicinity is large enough to hold a new powerhouse. The alternate options with respect to the proposed locations are discussed below:- 7.2.2.1 GA.Maamendhoo

Figure 26: Map showing the Alternative location studied in Maamendhoo

a. Alternative location 1 This location is approximately 100 meters south of the existing powerhouse. The island council had previously considered this location for the powerhouse relocation but ultimately decided that this location will be reserved for future local tourism purposes. This location would be more preferable to the proposed location as it maintains a larger distance between residential areas. However, there are no proper roads accessing this site which means more vegetation clearance will be required to create a fuel transfer route. The site itself contains large trees and some coconut palms but considerably less compared to the proposed site. b. Alternative location 2 A2 is also located on the southern side of the island. This location was also considered by the council as a prospective powerhouse relocation site. This location is the most ideal environmentally as it is the furthest from the residential area and most of the vegetation in this area are common shrubs such as magoo (Scaevola sericea), and mirihi (Silphium trilobatum). However, this location is also economically not ideal as a new cable network would need to be laid down before the powerhouse can even begin operation. Furthermore, there are no roads leading to this location either and would require a road be cleared for fuel transfer. c. Preferred location and justification The proposed location is not ideal environmentally or socially as this places the powerhouse close to the residential area. Economically this location is strategic as the existing power grid would not require any upgrades for the new powerhouse to begin operation. This location being within the vicinity of FENAKA grounds avoids the conflict with owners regarding vegetation removal and compensation. The current fuel transfer route can also be utilized for the new powerhouse as well without requiring anymore vegetation clearance. The most ideal and preferred location is Alternative location 2. 7.2.2.2 GA.Nilandhoo a. Alternative location 1 This location is near the island’s waste management center on the northeast side of the island. This location is the furthest away from residential area making it the most environmentally and socially ideal location amongst the 3. Since winds are predominant from the western side, chances of any wind blowing into residential areas or the agricultural fields is the lowest in this location as well. However, there is no existing network in this area which would mean that the network would have to be upgraded before the new powerhouse can begin operation. Being far away from easily accessible roads also mean that a proper road will have to be developed which would lead to more vegetation clearance and adds the cost of fuel transfer.

Figure 27: Map showing the Alternative location studied in Nilandhoo

b. Alternative location 2 This location is on the western side of the island near the harbor. Being located near the harbor decreases cost of fuel transfer and decreases the chances of oil spilling and contaminating the soil and ground water. However, this location puts the powerhouse directly in line of the wind direction which would cause most of the emissions to be blown into the residential area. A portion of this location is reclaimed area and hence barely vegetated with only grass. Approximately 20 coconut palms would also fall into the premises if this location is to be chosen. c. Preferred location and justification This proposed location had been decided by the council a long time back after giving much consideration to many other locations. A large part of the Nilandhoo is reported to have muddy soil which should be avoided when constructing utility buildings such

as powerhouses; which made it difficult to choose a proper location for the powerhouse construction. Since predominant winds are observed from west to east, the proposed location is more ideal compared to alternative location 2. One of the island’s main roads straight from the jetty can reach this location as well. However, the most ideal location is Alternative location 1. 7.2.2.3 GDh.Thinadhoo

Figure 28: Map showing the Alternative location studied in Thinadhoo

Thinadhoo is a rapidly developing island with its population increasing rapidly as well. The island has been reclaimed for the second time now to meet the increasing demand for land. With most of the land being allocated for residential housing purposes, it was difficult to choose alternative locations that would be fit for a utility building. a. Alternative location 1 This location is on the north eastern side of the island in the newly reclaimed area. The location has been marked on the LUP as for utility and municipal uses. This location is not ideal economically as an entire upgrade will need to be brought to the cable network since this is a newly reclaimed area and is directly opposite of the existing powerhouse. Northern locations are ideal socially and environmentally since winds are observed blowing from west to east and east. However, if a powerhouse is to be built in this location, in order to adhere to the 200ft distance from residential housing requirement, some of the residential plans nearby will need to be given up or repurposed. b. Alternative location 2 This location is on the northeastern side of the island also in the newly reclaimed land. Also allocated for utilities and municipal uses, this location is also surrounded by planned residential housings, meaning a 200ft zone surrounding the powerhouse will have to be reallocated for another use. This location also faces the same issues as Alternative 1 economically. Furthermore, there are chances of smoke blowing into the island with winds blowing from NNW.

c. Preferred location and justification The proposed location is the most preferred and ideal location for the construction of the new powerhouse. This location is within the existing powerhouse premises eliminating extra cost of laying down new cable networks. And since works have already commenced in the location in 2016, it is best to continue the construction instead of choosing another location. The location is also strategic environmentally as chances of wind blowing into the island is extremely unlikely as observed in the Kaadehdhoo data as shown in chapter 5.2.3. Furthermore, there is an approximate 300ft distance from this location to the nearest residential houses making this location the most ideal among the 3 options.

8 POTENTIAL IMPACT ANALYSIS The impacts from any project can be categorized into two broad categories; constructional and operational impacts. Constructional impacts are the potential impacts which might arise during the construction stage of new powerhouses. Operational impacts are the potential impacts that might arise once the new powerhouses become operational. 8.1 Proposed sites Proposed locations for the construction of a new powerhouses are away from residential areas as the primary objective of the proposed project is to minimize public exposure to air and noise pollution generated from operation of the powerhouses. 8.2 Risk assessment methodology The proponent and the consultants have conducted a risk-based environmental review as part of the planning process. Data has been drawn from a wide range of sources, including existing similar EIA reports. The risk assessment was conducted based on the professional judgment and expertise of the consultants as well as evaluation of the baseline data and consultation with the stakeholders. This provides an outline on how to identify potential hazards associated with the proposal and evaluate the likelihood and consequences. The risk assessment methodology utilized was also consistent with the methodology outlined in AS/NZS ISO31000 Risk Management- Principles and Guidelines. The first stage of this methodology was to identify hazards. To ensure that all potential hazards were identified, it was important that any specific environment and/or community impact issues were determined based on the location of the powerhouses and type of service to be provided. As such, the hazards identified were:- 1. Constructional impacts:- • Air quality- GHG emissions; • Noise pollution- operation of heavy machinery; • Water quality- oil spills, chemical spills; • Generation of constructional and decommissioning wastes; • Oil leakage during transfer of equipment and machinery from old to new powerhouse; • Vegetation clearance; and • Trenching; 2. Operational impacts:- • Air quality- GHG emissions; • Noise pollution- operation of engines; • Socio-economic- reliability of electricity services; • Health- implications for staff; • Water quality- from oil spills; • Generation of waste oils;

• Fire hazard risks and fire safety; • Vibration impacts; • Risk of flooding Hazards were assessed using the following matrix. Table 32. Risk assessment matrix Consequences

Minimal (1) Minor (2) Moderate (3) Major (4) Catastrophic (5) Remote (1) Negligible Negligible Very low Low Medium Unlikely (2) Negligible Very low Low Medium High Possible (3) Very low Low Medium High Very high Likelihood Likely (4) Low Medium High Very high Significant Certain (5) Medium High Very high Significant Significant The criteria used for assessing the identified hazards are as follows. Note that the realistic and consequences were judges based on the design consideration for the proposed facility. These criteria were measured against the impact (if the impact occurred), to ecological and/or human health:- • Likelihood:- o Remote- May occur only in exceptional circumstances; o Unlikely- Could occur at some time; o Possible- Might occur at some time; o Likely- More likely to happen than not (i.e. a probability of > 50 %); and o Certain- Will probably occur in most circumstances. • Consequences:- o Minimal- Impact has no significant risk to the environment either short term or long term; o Minor- The impact is short term and causes very limited risk to the environment ; o Moderate- Impact gives rise to some concern, may cause long term environmental problems but are likely short term and acceptable; o Major- Impact is long term, small scale and environmentally risky. Impact severely damages the environment; and o Catastrophic- Impact is long term and irreversible, large scale and detrimental to the environment. The likelihood measures the probability of occurrence of an event whereas consequences evaluate the significance of the impact on the environment in the event of an incident. Based on the likelihood and consequences for each of the identified hazards, the level of risk is determined (Table 32). In addition to the level of risk, other impact characteristics such as the type of impact, nature of the impact, impact range, impact duration as well as reversibility of the impacts are also assessed, grading scales for which are given in Table 33 below. Table 33. Grading scale of the characteristics of impacts Characteristic of impact Grading Explanation Type Direct Direct impacts without intervening factors or intermediaries

Indirect Triggered by but not immediate effect of the proposed project Nature Positive Impacts resulting in a desirable effect Negative Impacts resulting in an undesirable effect Range Local Impacts limited to project site Island Impacts of importance at island level Atoll Impact of importance at Atoll level Nation Impacts of national character Duration Short-term Occurring over a short period of time Intermittent Impacts occurring at irregular intervals Long-term Occurring over a long period of time Continuous Impacts occurring continuously Reversibility Reversible Previous state (or equivalent) can be restored Irreversible Not able to alter the consequence of impact 8.3 Limitations and uncertainties in impact prediction Risks and uncertainties are inherent in any environmental and ecological problem-solving technique and needs to be acknowledged and incorporated in any decision-making process. Risk is the chance that an adverse outcome occurs while uncertainty arises from an imperfect understanding of a system due to uncertainty about facts (McAlpine et al., 2010). Our understanding of the environment is limited mainly due to the lack of long-term data and complexity of the ecosystem. While every attempt has been made to accurately predict the potential impacts from this project, there are unforeseen and uncertain factors which might cause deviations in the impacts outlined herein. For instance, a natural phenomenon. Moreover, assessment of existing conditions requires a benchmark against which these conditions can be compared, however, lack of such benchmarks is a great hindrance to analyzing the environmental impacts in some instances. In addition to this, limited time availability and lack of available factual information are among major limitations to impact predictions. In the Maldives, more often than not, limited availability of published information on environmental and social environment of the islands has led to the dependency on verbal communication with locals and island councils which are not always very accurate. Furthermore, carrying out the EIA survey after the project had already been mobilized also limited many aspects of the study. Anyhow, based on the risk assessment outlined above, the environmental impact assessment is set out below:- 8.4 Constructional impacts Table 34. Predicted impacts and risk analysis anticipated during the construction phase of the project Potential impacts Likelihood Consequence Risk rating Air quality- GHG emissions Certain Minimal Medium Noise pollution due to the operation of heavy machinery Certain Moderate Very high Water quality from oil and chemical spills Possible Moderate Medium Water quality from wastewater Certain Moderate Very high Generation of constructional and decommissioning wastes Certain Minimal Negligible Oil leakage during transfer of machinery and equipment from Possible Moderate Medium the old powerhouse Vegetation clearance Certain Major Significant Impacts of trenching Remote Minimal Negligible

Impacts during the construction phase of the project are mainly anticipated to be short-term and reversible (Table 35) as most impacts will last only for the duration of the construction phase of the project. Table 35. Summary of impacts during the construction phase of the project Reversibili Potential impact Type Nature Range Duration ty Air quality- GHG emissions Direct Negative Local Short-term Reversible Noise pollution due to the operation of heavy Direct Negative Local Short-term Reversible machinery Water quality from oil and chemical spills Direct Negative Local Short-term Irreversible Water quality from wastewater Direct Negative Local Short-term Irreversible Generation of constructional and Direct Negative Local Short-term Reversible decommissioning wastes Oil leakage during transfer of machinery and Direct Negative Local Short-term Irreversible equipment from the old powerhouse Vegetation clearance Direct Negative Local Long-term Irreversible Impacts of trenching Direct Negative Local Short-term Reversible 8.4.1 Impacts on air quality Impacts on air quality during the constructional phase are generally credited to operation of machinery and equipment which require electricity and vehicles which burn fuel. Release of GHGs and any other gases into the atmosphere during the construction phase is very low and since construction site is close to the coast, it is expected that any released gases will not remain stagnant to a particular area to cause a public nuance. Risk analysis shows that impacts on air quality are medium and are expected to be limited to project site and last only for the duration of the construction phase of the project hence is not expected to cause any significant adverse impacts on the environment and community. 8.4.2 Noise pollution Similar to air quality, impacts on noise level during the constructional phase are generally credited to operation of machinery, equipment, and vehicles. Although this aspect scored a risk rating of “very high” it is anticipated that the noise levels will be localized to the project site and will be short-term. 8.4.3 Impacts from waste It is expected that the waste generated would be minimal. Majority of this waste expected to be from the construction material. Any waste generated would be localized to the plant house area and people working in the powerhouse. Although the solid waste from packaging waste would be immediately levitated, once the waste is transported to the waste management center. Therefore, the impacts from waste are of negligible significance. This is also a short-term and reversible impact. 8.4.4 Oil leakage during machinery transfer There is the possibility of oil leakage during the transfer of materials from the old powerhouse to the new powerhouse. The leaked oil could seep into the ground, contaminating

93 groundwater. Although this is a localized impact, in cases where the distance between the two powerhouses are high, a large area will be affected and is rated an impact of medium nature. 8.4.5 Vegetation clearance It is proposed that only the building footprint area will be cleared and vegetation in all other area are to be retained. Any small trees which can be replanted will be replanted in another area within the FENAKA premises. Trees would be removed in such a way that minimal damage would be caused to the root system of the tree so that it could be replanted elsewhere. Vegetation clearance would perhaps create the most significant impacts due to construction projects such as this one. Vegetation clearance from the sites were inevitable for a project such as this. 8.4.6 Trenching impacts One of the main impacts during trenching includes generation of dust, however, it is not anticipated that the dust generation will be severe enough to affect nearby vegetation to survive or cause any breathing difficulties in humans, therefore, is considered to be negligible. 8.5 Operational impacts Table 36. Predicted impacts and risk analysis anticipated during the operation phase of the project Potential impact Likelihood Consequence Risk rating Air quality- GHG emissions Unlikely Moderate Negligible Noise pollution Certain Minimal Medium Socio economic Certain Major Significant Health impacts Possible Moderate Medium Water quality from oil spills Possible Major High Water quality from wastewater disposal Possible Major High Generation of waste oils Certain Minimal Medium Fire risks Likely Catastrophic Significant Vibration impacts Unlikely Minimal Negligible Flooding Possible Major Medium Unlike constructional impacts, operational impacts are anticipated to be more long-term and irreversible since the powerhouses need to run continuously once they become fully established and operational. It should be noted that with the application of proper mitigation measures as outlined in section 9 of this report, almost every negative impact could be minimized. Table 37. Summary of impacts during the operation phase of the project Potential impact Type Nature Range Duration Reversibility Air quality- GHG emissions and smoke Direct Negative Local Long-term Irreversible Noise pollution Direct Negative Local Long-term Irreversible Socio-economic Direct Positive Island Long-term Irreversible Health impacts Direct Negative Island Long-term Reversible Water quality from oil spills Direct Negative Island Long-term Irreversible Water quality from wastewater disposal Direct Negative Local Long-term Irreversible Generation of waste oils Direct Negative Local Long-term Reversible Fire risks Direct Negative Local Short-term Reversible Vibration impacts Direct Negative Local Long-term Irreversible Flooding Direct Negative Local Short-term Reversible

8.5.1 Air quality The tall chimney installed in the new powerhouses will prevent the black soot from being released to the air. Furthermore, the strategic location of the powerhouse ensures less wind would blow exhaust fumes into the residential area. Consequently, impacts on air quality are considered negligible. However, over time the condition of the generators may lead to thicker smoke emissions and therefore may have negative impact around the powerhouse area. 8.5.2 Noise pollution It should be acknowledged that loud noise is inevitable during operation and continuous running of a powerhouse, however, since the new powerhouse shall have attenuators to reduce the noise and located far away from the residential areas, the risk rating is considered to be of medium nature. Noise level inside the powerhouses, on the other hand, will be high. 8.5.3 Socio-economic impacts Impacts on the socio-economic well-being of the society are anticipated to be positive as the new powerhouses will increase the reliability of electricity service of the island. This is also the most important component of the project as the primary objective of the proposal is to build powerhouses on the islands under concern in a more sustainable manner with minimum disturbance to the residents. Constructing the powerhouses away from residential areas in a location not in the way of the wind, will put an end to the problems of noise disturbance and inhalation of polluted air by the locals residing near the powerhouse areas. Moreover, this will also enable rainwater harvesting from rooftops. Since this impact is a positive long-term impact on the entire island community, it is of high significance. 8.5.4 Health impacts While impacts due to this project are anticipated to bring positive outcomes on the overall well-being of the island populations, powerhouse staff may be exposed to some minor health risks. Cleaner, breathable air, and reduced noise levels will decrease health risks associated with living with air and noise pollution. Moreover, improved groundwater quality will have added advantages to human health. Health implications to the powerhouse personnel include exposure to grease, oil, grit and other hazardous chemicals in addition to exposure to high noise levels, however, if proper health and safety guidelines are followed it could be minimized. 8.5.5 Water quality During the operation and maintenance of generators, there is a small risk of water contamination by accidental spillage. Impacts from any spills will be localized to the powerhouse area and is irreversible. Even though the likelihood of an oil spill occurring is low, the irreversible nature of the impact makes the consequences of it a major concern, therefore, the risk factor is high.

8.5.6 Impacts from waste oil Waste oil generated from the generators pose great risks to the environment if not managed properly and is rated as a high-risk hazard. The risks could be minimized given that proper mitigation measures are followed when handling waste oils from the powerhouses. 8.5.7 Fire risk The likelihood of fire risk is high at a fuel-powered power station. Common hazard risk factors include oil-filled transformer, day tanks, storage tank, oil barrels, electric cables, waste oils as well as during oil refilling. In the event that a fire does occur, depending on the degree of fire, the effects could range from low to catastrophic therefore is considered a significant impact. Impacts of fire are normally short-term and reversible over time however could be costly deepening on the severity of impacts. 8.5.8 Vibration impacts According to the current regulation of MEA, at least a 200 ft buffer radius should be given between the powerhouse and the nearest residential area, therefore, impacts from vibration are unlikely hence risk factor is negligible. 8.5.9 Flooding According to the island councils none of the proposed sites for the new powerhouse face any flooding issues.

9 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT In order to achieve its vision statement “Bench-marked utility service provider nation- wide”, FENAKA Corporation targets at strengthening the environmental management policy for a sustainable and more eco-friendly service provision. Risk prevention is a main priority as is one of the main goals of the proposed project. The company also intends at implementing stricter environmental and occupational health and safety management systems (For example occupational health and safety manual on Appendix M, fuel handling procedure in Appendix D) and keep abreast of legislative changes and governmental regulations. This section describes the environmental and operational management systems and plans for the new power generation facilities including practical mitigation measures for all identified impacts, a risk management plan, and the company’s approach at sustainable development as well as environmental monitoring programs. 9.1 Proposed mitigation measures The mitigation measures outlined below is proposed with due consideration to their cost- effectiveness and feasibility to be implemented. The mitigation measures mainly relate to fuel handling practices, design, and quality of the new powerhouse buildings and appropriate training which would ensure that environmental impacts would be minimized as effectively as possible. It is the responsibility of the implementing agency to adhere to the proposed mitigation measures and bear any costs related to establishing them. Table 38. Proposed mitigation measures for the identified risks during the construction and operation phases of the proposed project Aspect Mitigation measure Implementing agency CONSTRUCTION PHASE Air quality • Daily maintenance of vehicles and machinery Contractor • Use of light fuel (low sulfur content) • Avoid unnecessary use of machinery Noise • Well maintenance of vehicles and machinery Contractor pollution • Avoid unnecessary use of machinery • Restrict working hours to day time only • Workers could wear voice cancelation headphones Water • Oil/chemical handling procedures should be made known Contractor quality to all staff members • Follow the corresponding chemical handling procedure when handling chemicals • All machinery and equipment should be well maintained to avoid accidental spillage • Relevant staff members should be well trained about proper use of machinery and equipment • Have emergency oil spill cleanup crew on standby during construction • Wastewater should be disposed of through sea outfall pipes • Proper care should be taken as not to spill any oils or wastewater into the ground • Proper care should be taken during machinery transfer to avoid accidental oil leakage

Waste • Littering, accidental disposal and spillage of any Contractor construction wastes should be avoided by pre-planning ways of their transportation and unloading • Careful planning of the work activities can also reduce the amount of waste generated • Waste segregation on-site and reuse as much as possible • Health and safety materials should be made available to workers specifying instructions on how to handle hazardous wastes and how to act during a chemical spill Vegetation • Replantation of any smaller trees within powerhouse Contractor clearance footprint areas • Proper care should be taken when uprooting deeply rooted trees • Removed vegetation should be disposed of as green waste • Vegetation occurring outside building footprint area should not be harmed Trenching • If necessary, the area should be sprayed with water to Contractor minimize human exposure to dust • Trenched material should be stockpiled at a designated area OPERATIONAL PHASE Air quality • All exhaust pipes will be fitted with filters and according to FENAKA Corporation MEA standards • Well maintenance of exhaust pipes and the filters • Generators must be well maintained • Dislodging of soot or any harmful chemicals should be immediately reported • Raising the chimney height above canopy of the island Noise • New buildings are to be soundproofed FENAKA Corporation pollution • Powerhouse personnel should wear voice cancelation headphones Human • All personnel must strictly abide by the occupational health FENAKA Corporation health and safety procedure (Appendix M) • Follow chemical handling procedures • Wear essential personal protection attires at all times • Staff training on chemical handling procedures • Follow the emergency response plan Water • Machinery should be well-maintained FENAKA Corporation quality • Chemical handling procedures should be followed to avoid any spillage • Staff training on emergency spill cleanup • Emergency response plans should be implemented and followed (Fuel handling procedure on Appendix D) • All personnel must strictly abide by the fuel handling procedure (See Appendix D) • Oil spill cleanup materials should be made available Waste oil • Waste oil should be well contained and stored safely at a FENAKA Corporation designated area • Waste oils should be taken to Thilafushi for proper disposal at regular intervals • Follow waste oil handling procedure as stated on the fuel handling procedure (See Appendix D) Fire risk • New powerhouses will be installed with proper firefighting FENAKA Corporation equipment • Signs for emergency procedures will be in the vicinity • All powerhouses should be fitted with smoke detectors • All powerhouses should have lighting rods

• Follow waste oil handling procedure as stated on the fuel handling procedure (See Appendix D) Vibration • Ensure that a 200 ft buffer zone is given around the new FENAKA Corporation powerhouse Flooding • In the islands where necessary, the new powerhouse floors FENAKA Corporation will be slightly elevated 9.2 Risk management and incident response FENAKA Corporation aims at strengthening its risk management procedures by adopting a more systematic risk management approach to safety. This is achieved by identifying all foreseeable hazards, assessing the risk of each hazard and providing a means to control the risks (mitigation measures). Additionally, new powerhouses are to be built in accordance with the building codes of a power generating facility and need to be equipped with modern facilities to ensure that the risks are minimized as much as possible. Moreover, the implementation of proper fuel handling procedures (Appendix D) and occupational health and safety procedures (Appendix M) should strengthen risk management procedures of the company. 9.3 Sustainable development management policy As FENAKA Corporation is aiming towards a more sustainable development management policy, to ensure this, the company has adopted some guiding principles as underlined below:- • Ensure environmental compliance with the Governmental policies and regulations; • Protect people, property and the local environment; • Reduce ecological impacts of the services provided; and • Increase customer satisfaction. 9.4 Managing uncertainties Uncertainty is an integral part of an EIA as EIA preparation involves prediction. The two types of uncertainties associated with the EIA process include those associated with the process and those associated with predictions. With the former, the question is whether the most important impacts have been identified and whether the recommendations will be acted upon. In order to reduce such uncertainties, a wide range of stakeholders have been consulted in the EIA process in order to minimize the risk of missing important impacts. For the latter, the uncertainty is in the accuracy of the findings. This can be improved by the research and quality of the survey. It should also be noted that even though EIA cannot give a precise picture of the future, it enables uncertainties to be better managed and is an aid to better decision making. 9.5 Environmental monitoring Monitoring is an essential part of the EIA and project implementation and serves 3 purposes: 1. Ensures that the proposed mitigation measures are being implemented; 2. Evaluates whether the proposed mitigation measures are working effectively; and 3. Validates the accuracy of models or projections that were used during the impact assessment process.

The purpose of monitoring is to compare the predicted impacts with that of the actual impacts, particularly if the impacts are either very important or the scale of the impact cannot be predicted accurately. The results of monitoring can then be used to manage the environment, particularly to highlight problems early on so action can be taken. Monitoring should not be seen as an open-ended commitment to data collection and to minimize the expenses associated with collecting unnecessary data, the data collection should cease when the need for monitoring ceases. Therefore, it is important that a proper monitoring schedule is adhered to. Conversely, monitoring may also indicate the need for more intensive study. The information obtained from monitoring can be extremely useful for future EIAs in making them more accurate as well as more effective. The baseline data collection for the construction of new powerhouses were conducted in October 2019. Baseline surveys were conducted to determine the reference range so that comparisons can be made during the monitoring to determine the change. All monitoring activities must be carried out under the supervision of a registered EIA consultant. Details of the monitoring program are given in the table below.

Table 39. Proposed environmental monitoring plan for construction and operation of the powerhouse Parameter Phase Method Indicators Frequency Cost (MRF) Groundwater Construction Testing groundwater Hydrocarbons Every 3 800 quality and operation parameters months during construction and every 6 months during operation Noise Level Operation Monitoring using decibel Noise level Before and 3500 meter after operation Air quality Operation Monitoring using air quality Concentration Every 6 4500 meter of air months during pollutants operation Vegetation Construction Monitoring and keeping logs Observational Regular N/A and operation of removal, or translocation, or replantation of trees within FENAKA premises Periodic monitoring of 2:1 replantation and health of these trees Health and Construction Monitor for use of personal Observational Regular N/A safety and operation protective equipment and implementation of mitigation measures

100

Monitoring reports must be submitted to the EPA as specified under the monitoring schedule below:- Table 40. Monitoring schedule recommended for the construction of new powerhouse Description Date EIA Decision statement issued 2020 April Monitoring report during construction- 1 2020 July Monitoring report during construction - 2 2020 October Monitoring report during construction - 3 2021 January Monitoring report after project completion- 4 2022 January Monitoring report after project completion - 5 2023 January Monitoring report after project completion - 6 2024 January Monitoring report after project completion - 7 2025 January Monitoring report after project completion - 8 2026 January

101

10 JUSTIFICATION AND CONCLUSION There are two types of environmental impacts associated with this project, that is constructional and operational impacts. While impacts due to construction phase of the project are temporary and short-term, impacts during the operational phase are long-term and permanent. The impacts of highest significance from this project would be on groundwater and terrestrial vegetation. Although the impacts on groundwater could be minimized or prevented altogether given that the proper mitigation measures are followed, impacts on vegetation are inevitable. It should be noted that even though some of the impacts are irreversible and could have detrimental effects on the environment, it should not be seen as a hindrance to the development of any place. As the main purpose of an EIA as well as environmental consultation is to facilitate sustainable development, this report ensures that the best possible environmental solutions are provided for the development of new powerhouses. The proposed locations for new powerhouses has been chosen with the due consideration of the direction of wind, seasonal changes, proximity to the residential areas and ease of fuel transfer from the harbor. Mitigation measures have been proposed with respect to the predicted outcomes as well as professional expertise of the consultants. However, it should be noted here that since the construction of the powerhouses were ongoing during the survey, the baseline conditions set would not reflect the actual baseline and thus it would be very difficult to ascertain the impacts from this project. Furthermore, it was very difficult to recommend the mitigation measures and most environmentally sound alternative locations for powerhouse development as the construction has already begun, and there is a lack of another ideal available land anywhere else on the island. Therefore, it is highly recommended that the proponent follow the EIA process before commencement of any powerhouse relocation projects in the future. Even though risk analysis shows that the only positive outcome of the project is on the socio-economic component of this project, looking at a broader picture, impacts on every category is anticipated to be positive. For instance, impacts on air quality and noise pollution will be minimized to a great extent. Impacts on groundwater will be minimized and any further impacts could be avoided. Risks of fire hazards will also be lowered with the establishment of more contemporary powerhouse designs and equipment. Thus, the proposed project, in general is for the betterment of the environment and the society. Overall, the consultants conclude that the proposed projects is feasible and if the proper mitigation measures are applied accordingly, any negative environmental impacts could be minimized or even prevented.

102

11 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Consultants would like to extend sincere gratitude to everyone who has contributed to this report. Thanks are due to representatives of island council members of GA.Maamendhoo, GA.Nilandhoo, and GDh.Thinadhoo as well as to the personnel of FENAKA working in the respective branches. Those who contributed to the public consultation meeting is highly appreciated. The engineering team of FENAKA Corporation as well as different departments at the head office are appreciated for their generosity in providing any requested information for the compilation of this EIA report.

103

12 REFERENCES Department of National Planning (2010). Statistical Yearbook of Maldives 2010. DNP, Male’, Maldives. McAlpine, C. A., Seabrook, L. M., Rhodes, J. R., Maron, M., Smith, C., Bowen, M. E., Butler, S. A., Powell, O., Ryan, J. G., Fyfe, C. T., Adams-Hosking, C., Smith, A., Robertson, O., Howes, A., & Cattarino, L. (2010). Can a problem-solving approach strengthen landscape ecology’s contribution to sustainable landscape planning? Landscape Ecology, 25(8), 1155- 1168. Ministry of Environment & Construction (2004). State of the Environment 2004. MEC, Male’, Maldives. Stansfeld, S. A., & Matheson, M. P. (2003). Noise pollution: non-auditory effects on health. British Medical Bulletin, 68, 243-257. Sujanapal, P., & Sankaran, K.V. (2016). Common plants of Maldives, FAO, United Nations & Kerala Forest Research Institute. United Nations Development Program Maldives (2006). Developing a Disaster Risk Profile for Maldives, Volume 1: Main report. UNDP, Male’, Maldives. United Nations Population Fund. (2016). Maldives’ Population Dynamics: Policy Prospects for Human Growth and Opportunity. UNFPA, Male’, Maldives. US Environment Protection Agency [US EPA]. (2016a). EPA Identifies Noise Levels Affecting Health and Welfare. Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/aboutepa/epa-identifies- noise-levels-affecting-health-and-welfare

US Environment Protection Agency [US EPA]. (2016b).Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

Standards- Table of historical NO2 NAAQS. Retrieved from https://www3.epa.gov/ttn/naaqs/standards/nox/s_nox_history.html World Health Organization [WHO]. (1996). Guidelines for drinking-water quality, 2nd ed. Vol. 2, Geneva, Switzerland. Zahid., 2011, The influence of Asian monsoon variability on precipitation patterns over the Maldives, Ph.D. thesis, University of Canterbury, Newzealand. Riyan Pte.Ltd. (2013). Detailed Island Risk and Vulnerability Assessment GDh.Thinadhoo. Ministry of Environment and Energy.

104

13 APPENDICES

105

14 APPENDIX A- LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS EIA-Environmental Impact Assessment MEA-Maldives Energy Authority EPA-Environmental Protection Agency ToR-Terms of Reference DN-Decision Note RO-Reverse Osmosis IWRM-Integrated Water Resource Management MPHRE-Ministry of Planning, Human Resource and Environment MNDF-Maldives National Defense Force WIG-Waste incinerator guideline UNFCCC-United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change GHG-Greenhouse gas UN-United Nations CBD-Convention on Biological Diversity SAARC-South Asian Association for Regional Corporation BS-British Standards EPDM-Ethylene Propylene Die Memonoma MWSC-Maldives Water and Sewerage Company GPS-Global Positioning System CO2-Carbon dioxide NO2-Nitrogen dioxide NO-Nitrogen monoxide SO2-Sulphur dioxide SST-Sea surface temperature TPH-Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon H2S-Hydrogen sulfide UNDP-The United Nations Development Program FAO-Food and Agriculture Organization

106

15 APPENDIX B- TERMS OF REFERENCE

107

16 APPENDIX C- ATTENDANCE SHEETS

108

Environmental Protection Agency Male', Rep ofMaldives

lo a"tsq Meeting: PtaPase el pa,oe' f€lara+i>,1 t!1 6A, il6nalhoa, 4A. @aavnendt'roo , a")V\h,-a.1h.., o Date: (1.12 .2.,13 Tirne, loiOc) MEETING ATTENDANCE

Name Designation otfice Email Phone No. signature 01 w,*vupton (v\yu\ tq QtA 6.",,rrta"+ '"u"r^,e-ô K +qc, 07 N"sl"€* Nasltrdu f€NA k- A nasi{a - na+"idt^ @ffi' 2,.,\8t2t ,*tb 03 rqlhan !lo-ee.l gq6iri S"'veg,r, al'ln.JL. arhâ. O f€nakq. TDta Zg'9 ,A*Le h.h.^c4 . ).i lcteh ? olP /7 I o4 Ad^.,.-a./ l>1tlât, AdL e*4rud? reNfia a '" 47czl a.lle G r^Prof-[f,-ct"nat' }fi 05 ia,qs rbrari- Hdla{ A9fi. eN6$teEp. Moe t4 . a i lld @ ev.q' on w, E qq.6 v 71Mtt ,dd 06 td;h tb/Q?,r*- - a8)221tr '' / [email protected] //..,dk/r' 'ttz.o44 i*,p,@"a-frv-"''L '* 144, o7 doha144 A4-fu4 @arubr @*d/,oo o,-"t a,,iAd fu/'4 ct c,4t4 (X *nl' u" lst3Lw 08 MW /e(/r4/7v cocp^lc(L P@Airr $A.Ntr*xDtre haeiLgoQ,lr"frr,(,*t 7?flrlz Au 09 4.4r'*/"/'d/u, Z.t'€/t4 llhhl/A c,*tnzi / 2rzt /tn/ oal,larrr.t& / /14"4", ta/2.; a,,u; l -n frt+,atn N(Y 10 - MUAAT*rl F*//P k naqaerfil I q/./il4ao@/bl > ou,n/atrt44ifi^^;ua ??17t? s ,a44;'- N/\ ftss-' s lc.'*+, t;K or<'ccf

17 APPENDIX D- FUEL HANDLING PROCEDURE OF FENAKA CORPORATION LTD.

109

Procedure for Storage and Handling of Fuel at powerhouses Prepared by: Mariyam Shujaa-ath A. Fathah Mahfooz A. Wahhab

June 2016 Introduction This document provides guidance on acceptable practice of managing fuel handling, transportation and storage in the islands of Maldives. The proposed actions are intended in view of the regulation on safe use, handling and storage of fuel (2015/R-160) gazette on 12 August 2015 by the Ministry of Defense and National Security of the Maldives. The purpose of this legislation was to minimize oil related fire hazards and to protect lives and assets of the locals due to such incidents, to inform locals about the safe use of hydraulics as well as to ensure that the buildings constructed for oil trade meets an acceptable standard for safe storage and handling.

Purpose It can be reasonably expected that a discharge of fuel or oil will enter groundwater, and possibly surrounding marine environment, polluting the environment. The objective of this manual is to implement and enforce a spill prevention and control plan for all the powerhouses owned by FENAKA Corporation and in the event of a spill, to minimize the adverse impacts of spill on the environment.

Fuel use All fuel types maintained and owned by FENAKA Corporation shall only be used to operate machinery/equipment registered to FENAKA Corporation. Any unauthorized use is a serious offence and may subject the offender to dismissal.

Delivering and dispensing of fuel Current delivering and fuel dispensing procedure Fuel delivery methods for the islands of Maldives depend on population size and capacity of the fuel storage tank. Currently followed fuel delivery procedures are summarized below:-

 For the islands with a fuel storage capacity of 1000 L or more and the distance between the unloading harbor and the storage tank is within a 300 feet radius, fuel is delivered by the Fuel Supplies Maldives Pvt. Ltd. (FSM) directly to the island via oil tankers after which fuel is directly transferred from the oil taker to the storage tanks with the aid of a fuel hose. FSM also delivers fuel up to 150 feet additional distance (due to pressure issues) where FENAKA provide the extra hose.  If the distance between the unloading harbor and the storage tank is greater than 300 feet for the islands with a high fuel storage capacity, fuel is first dispensed to a bowser via a hose and then transferred to the storage tank.  For the islands with a smaller storage capacity, oil is contained in metal and plastic barrels and supplied to the island via carrier boats. The metal barrels are unloaded at the harbor and transported to the powerhouses either by rolling the barrels all the way up to the powerhouse or by mounting to a wheelbarrow or a truck.  Islands which does not have bowser, fuel in transferred to metal and plastic barrels at the harbor by fuel supplier. Barrels are transported on vehicle (pickup) in islands where there is a vehicle and in islands where there are no vehicles it is taken to powerhouse by rolling the barrels.

Additional fuel delivery/dispensing requirements at berth  At a berth, fuel shall not be dispensed to the storage tank while:- o Oil tanker’s engine is running; o Any source of ignition is present within 3 m of the dispensing nozzle where it enters the tank to be refueled; and o There is a source of ignition on board  The fuel tanker or marine vessel shall be securely mounted to the harbor or wharf with proper marine lines prior to fuel unloading; and  The attendant shall be particularly vigilant in scanning the water area adjacent to the fuelling operation for possible leaks or spills.

Fuel transporter vehicles The following actions are proposed in light of article 5 of the fuel use, storage and handling regulation of the Maldives:-

 All fuel transporter vehicle shall be installed either with an intrinsically safe flashing light or shall have a safety reflector;  The transporter vehicle shall not be parked within a 5 m radius of residential area. This excludes cases where the vehicle has broken down, in which case the driver shall not leave the vehicle and if at night, the flash light or the safety reflector shall be on at all times;  The transporter vehicle shall be parked at designated areas allocated exclusively for such vehicle by the island council and during loading and unloading, the vehicle driver shall be present at all times;  The transporter vehicle shall be an authorized vehicle for transportation of hydraulics by any government authority and shall only be unloaded at designated areas authorized by a government authority;  The transporter vehicle (1.5 T) shall be installed with at least two fire extinguishers (foam and powder) of 9 kg each at an easily accessible position;  All transporter vehicle shall be maintained in a clean state and ensure that there is no leakage from the vehicle;  If transporting via other means of transporter vehicle, oil shall be contained in metal barrels only;  In the incidents of leakage, the vehicle shall be stopped, the ignition switched off and the MNDF or Fire and Rescue Services immediately be notified; and  Oil container barrels shall be installed with vents to prevent fire incidents due to pressure differences. Additionally, the barrels shall have pressure release valves installed to allow auto release of pressure which might build up inside the barrels.

Fuel dispensing The following procedure shall be followed when dispensing fuel to the storage tanks from the oil tanker/oil barrels as well as while dispensing fuel from the storage tank to the day tanks:-

 All dispensing or transferring of fuel should be attended for the duration of the operation by a competent powerhouse personnel. The attendant must be aware of proper fuel handling procedures to minimize the risk of a spill and shall continuously scan the area adjacent to the fueling operation for possible leaks or fuels;  Bowsers shall only be operated by a competent person;  The transferring and dispensing of fuel shall be done with pumping equipment, an approved hose and top fill nozzle;  Ensure that a site-appropriate spill containment kit is readily available. Refer to Appendix A of this document for a sample spill containment kit which shall be provided to all powerhouses owned by FENAKA Corporation;  When unreeling the fuel transfer hose and nozzle, the nozzle must be in upright position and the nozzle shall be kept clear of ground when returned to the reel or storage position;  Verify that there is a proper connection between the fuel hose and the fill pipe of the bowser. Also, verify that the fill valve is open.  Transfer of fuel must be stopped prior to overflowing, mobile refueling tanks on vehicles are not to be overfilled;  The operation of a moving equipment in the immediate fueling area shall be suspended; and  Maintain regular inspections of fuel systems and their components. Check for leakage, deterioration or damage. Spills Preventative measures are the best means of avoiding an accidental release of petroleum products, however, in the event of an accidental release, the following shall be immediately executed:-

 The powerhouses shall be equipped with appropriate spill response equipment readily available;  Cleanup action shall follow the spill contingency plan. All spills or suspected spills of petroleum products, on land or into the water, regardless of the size, shall be reported immediately to the station manager. The station manager shall ensure notification to appropriate authorities at FENAKA Corporation.

Fuel storage  Fuel shall be stored in appropriate containers/ storage tanks. Currently used fuel storage tanks include, syntax HBP tanks, metal storage tanks, metal barrels and plastic barrels.  The fuel storage tanks shall be properly bunded in a concrete chamber to prevent oil leachate into the soil and groundwater in case of leakage or oil spills. As per the fuel use, storage and handling regulation. Refer to Appendix B for a sample site plan of a bunded storage tank :- o The bundwall shall be slanted by 1 % at least 15 m from the storage tanks; o The bundwall capacity shall be larger than the storage tanks and shall be able to contain the full volume of oil in case of a large spill; o The bundwall shall be made of metal or concrete in order to prevent leachate; o The pipeline shall be laid over the bundwall; o The bundwall shall be designed in such a way that any spillage does not contaminate the waterway or sewer near the bunding; o No combustibles (including empty oil containers) shall be kept inside or near the bundwall area; o Bundwall shall be constructed with a permanent staircase to allow easy access to in and out of the chamber;  At least 2 DCP fire extinguishers of 9 kg shall be located near fuel storage areas of and be of a suitable type and size to permit the evacuation of workers during a fire.  Smoking shall not be permitted in the area of the fuel storage tank and “NO SMOKING” signs in both English and local script shall be posted. Smoking shall not be permitted during any fueling operation. “No Smoking” signs are to be maintained in good condition;  In addition to no smoking signs, the storage tanks shall have the following signs posted both in English and local script:- o NO NAKED LIGHTS o FLAMMABLE LIQUID  Waste oils, lubricants, greasy or oily rags, or any other materials subject to spontaneous combustion shall be retained in a labelled container used for that purpose exclusively and shall be disposed of at frequent intervals by transferring to Thilafushi, until then, they shall be stored safely in appropriate containers, for e.g. metal barrels;  Appropriate emergency spill equipment shall be made available in the fuel storage area. See Appendix A for a list of such equipment which shall be provided to all the powerhouses owned by FENAKA Corporation;  No “hot work” shall take place within 3 m of the storage zone;  Fuel storage rooms as well as engine rooms and control room shall be installed with an appropriate number of fire extinguishers as per section haa of article 4 of the fuel use, storage and handling regulation of the Maldives;  The main switch of the storage room shall be installed outside the room;  The cleanliness of the storage room shall be strictly maintained;  If there are more than 1 storage tank, a gap of at least 1 m between the storage tanks shall be maintained;  There shall be enough space between the bundwall and the storage tank to allow for pressure release and the tank shall be designed with auto pressure release systems in case of fire;  No combustible activities shall be carried out anywhere near any area where combustible gases are being released, particularly inside the bundwall;  Containers shall be tested at least once every 5 years, on suspicion of leakage or after every maintenance. These tests shall only be done by technical experts only after making the containers gas free and in accordance with the NFPA 30 “Flammable and Combustible Liquid Code”;  The area shall be bonded in accordance with the NFPA 780 “Lightning Protection Code”;  Wiring near the storage tanks shall comply with the standards of Maldives Electricity Bureau, in addition, the siring shall be enclosed with conduit pipes. Lightings, switches and plugs installed shall be flame proof;  Storage tanks of 3000 L or more shall be installed with automatic foam spring systems as well as automatic drencher systems;

Refueling of day tanks  Day tanks shall be kept at a separate room to that of the engine room at all times;  Day tanks shall be properly bunded in a concrete chamber to prevent oil leachate into the soil and groundwater in case of leakage or oil spills;  In cases where auto level sensors are absent, proper care should be taken to prevent overflow.

Posting of procedure This procedure shall be posted to all the powerhouses owned by FENAKA Corporation and shall be incorporated in the company safety policies and procedures and shall be accessible from the company website.

References U.S. Department of the interior: Office of aircraft services, (1994). Aviation fuel handling handbook. U.S.A.

Appendix A - Spill response equipment to be available at all the powerhouses The following supplies shall be kept readily available to respond to and contain a diesel fuel spill:-

1. 3” dia. x 48” oil socks. Quantity: 10 2. 3” dia. x 10” oil socks. Quantity: 3 3. 17” x 19” oil pads. Quantity: 40 4. 18” x 18” x 2” pillows. Quantity: 8 5. Disposable material containment bags. Quantity: 10 6. Latex gloves. Quantity: 2 pairs 7. Granular absorbent. Quantity: 4 gal 8. Polyethylene salvage drum container. Quantity: 1 with 55 gal. capacity

Appendix B- Sample floor plan of a bunded storage tank

Source: Fuel use, storage and handling procedure of Maldives

18 APPENDIX E-LAND REGISTRATIONS FOR PROPOSED LOCATIONS OF NEW POWERHOUSES

110

;ll;)t t 1.1.///;-/.

.AF cvi./i Y .rl: 527.*an l/-t f --rl trPalt/ Secretariat of thc'l'hinaclhoo Cor.urcil, South l-{r.n,adhuatholhu a o// a >r. ",'""i c u n. rn r n ffi *?r,i . rM a r cr i v e s.

OO / C2.O /2 / CrD O//OrG Cr/.2/ J. e-e./ -, tlJo7e grr/ 2, t? ./t/-to.f.f e -tJ< tlrP lz / / /- /

,aaa oo a 415-MS/GtRt20t6t3 irorz :e-1, ,2, .tr o. ,Da /7' l.r15r2.roaa O O 2/ 22/ 2 2 , a ,X/ ,/ 2 oa. 3 a, /*l-aY//// l/.-t ,e/-Yl tr.r'rJ2/ icl.ll2 tz' oc el 4.? zz c oa. , ra. a t e //2/ -/'r'J<.| , v/) lors ;u2l.c.ro O/ 2 C a > O )2/ o r4 42 . ./-22u JJeC-r-a ,,s_t :-ro ' rrtzo' +/ l/1p try aa c ,- G, 725AA ir2to t2o (E;tt ) 250'x290' aa /2 c a , oo . o 2016 ,.rc 18 :)ra ,yae-l, n,

o a. , , :rr-r.?r,a o/ ala/r a ol, o/2 a2o/. ,22/ >x/ 2/ 2 a 2-a ,e:a /-rr-rJyy.pJ /-2241 _?2,r'2 se/--/y asl../-.? tr'212/ Y2o2 /, f --'/ 4 aa // a / o / a // 2e) FNK-B/41 5t20t611705:.1, r.x7 :i3- ,2-) o .tv27c a / c 2r, ti ?i/ I :," ,e*gn: t:):/vrr a a a oo / 2 a //2 a ,tvzr'ePc/ 2la/t/ /-ttJo c 2 azsa2,/z0c .rre*o (2016

o//oa t437 22a>p 14 /2 20r6t .12C 18

> / 2/ 2u ,-/ ,,;2za

// /a 1 O O 2. ,r/ 2 2 2 a ry-, sl*rav ,;7-P ,@-r-v/ tJP arS t / 19 APPENDIX F- LAND USE PLANS

111

20 APPENDIX G-SITE PLAN FOR THE PROPOSED PROJECT

112

96012 [315'] 2000 [6'-7"]

FUEL STORAGE 4680 [15'-4"]

5440

[17'-10"] 15800 [51'-10"] 16000 19100 [52'-6"] [62'-8"]

4225 7800 [13'-10"] [25'-7"]

CHIMNEY 2000 [6'-7"]

EXISTING POWER HOUSE BUILDING

PROPOSED POWER HOUSE BUILDING [160']

AREA=179.05M2 48768 10716 [35'-2"] 10266 [33'-8"] 5480 [18'] 9680 [31'-9"]

21900 16419 [71'-10"] [53'-10"] PROPOSED OFFICE BUILDING AREA=104.56M2 10075 [33'-1"] 8600 [28'-3"] G2 G1

NORTH SITE PLAN

SCALE - 1:400 CONTRACTORS MUST CHECK ALL DIMENSIONS ON SITE BEFORE STARTING ANY WORK OR SHOP DRAWINGS, FIGURED DIMENSIONS TO TAKE PRECEDENCE OVER SCALE READINGS. DO NOT SCALE DRAWINGS, IN CASE DOUBT, PLEASE ASK. 45720 [150']

W W SEPTIC TANK CHIMNEY 1.2M WELL 15.60 SQM 6500 [21'-4"]

DAY TANK DAY TANK DAY TANK

PROPOSED POWER HOUSE

BUILDING W W 208.20 SQM 10266 [33'-8"]

7634 [25'-1"] 22470 [73'-9"] [150'] [150'] 45720 45720

15010 6050 OPEN AREA [49'-3"] [19'-10"]

W W PROPOSED OFFICE BUILDING 3400 6000 10075 [11'-2"] [19'-8"] [33'-1"] 158.26 SQM W 6000 FUEL [19'-8"] STORAGE 36.00 SQM

6126 FLAG POST G1 [20'-1"] (REFER DETAIL)

2400 W W [7'-11"]

1.2H 1.5H 1.2H 1.5H 1.2H 1.5H 1.2H 1.5H 1.2H 1.5H 1.2H 1.5H 1.2H 1.5H 1.2H 1.5H

45720

[150'] MAIN ROAD MAIN

NORTH BOUNDARY WALL PLAN SCALE - 1:400

AREA: BOUNDARY WALL COLUMNS (SC) @ 3.9M INTERVALS TOTAL PLOT AREA = 2097.17 SQM WEATHER PROOF WALL MOUNT LIGHT TOTAL BUILT UP AREA = 418.06 SQM W TOTAL OPEN AREA = 1679.11 SQM 200MMx200MMx300MM SOLID BLOCK@3M C/C MAIN FUEL LINE CONTRACTORS MUST CHECK ALL OUT DOOR SS STAND LAMP (2FT HEIGHT) DIMENSIONS ON SITE BEFORE STARTING ANY WORK OR SHOP DRAWINGS, FIGURED DIMENSIONS TO TAKE PRECEDENCE OVER SCALE READINGS. DO NOT SCALE DRAWINGS, IN CASE DOUBT, PLEASE ASK.

21 APPENDIX H-STRUCTURAL DETAILS OF THE PROPOSED POWERHOUSE

113

A B C D E F G

UPPER LEVEL ROOFTOP

LOWER LEVEL ROOF TOP

UPPER LEVEL ROOF BEAM

LOWER LEVEL ROOF BEAM

GROUND FLOOR LEVEL

NATURAL GROUND LEVEL

ELEVATION-A SCALE - 1:100 X A B C D C E F G

5356 3200 3500 2700 3550 3294 [17'-7"] [10'-6"] [11'-6"] [8'-10"] [11'-8"] [10'-10"] 950 3900 3900 [3'-1"] [12'-10"] [12'-10"]

D7 CHIMNEY D7 75MM THICK RC SLAB +150MM 2000 [6'-7"]

13244 [43'-5"] 100MM THICK RC SLAB 2625 [8'-7"] ATTENUATOR ATTENUATOR +450MM ATTENUATOR DAY TANK DAY TANK DAY TANK TO MAIN 01 02 03 FUEL TANK 3516 CABLE LINE 1200 FUEL TRENCH - CT2 [11'-6"] JUNCTION V1 V1 D6 1

TOILET STORE ROOM 1200 PANTRY AREA=4.23M2 [4'] AREA=5.75M2 D4 AREA=2.38M2 1225 W1 MANAGER ROOM D6 2549 [8'-4"]

AREA=8.07M2 6"DIA PVC PIPE DUCT 6"DIA PVC PIPE DUCT 6"DIA PVC PIPE DUCT

D3 D3 D3 4508 D [14'-9"] FG2 W4

W1 FG3 4000

Y DEG RAFT 01 DEG RAFT 02 DEG RAFT 03 Y DR SZ. 1.2Mx3.5M DR SZ. 1.2Mx3.5M DR SZ. 1.2Mx3.5M 2 B WORK SHOP CABLE TRENCH - CT3 (SIZE 0.3Mx2.8M) CABLE TRENCH - CT3 (SIZE 0.3Mx2.8M) OFFICE CABLE TRENCH - CT3 (SIZE 0.3Mx2.8M) CABLE TRENCH - CT3 (SIZE 0.3Mx2.8M) CABLE TRENCH - CT3 (SIZE 0.3Mx2.8M) CABLE TRENCH - CT3 (SIZE 0.3Mx2.8M) +300MM 75MM THICK RC SLAB CABLE TRENCH - CTI (SIZE 0.6Mx11.173M) AREA=23.92M2 AREA=22.32M2 +450MM AREA=22.62M2 CONTROL ROOM CABLE TRENCH - CTI (SIZE 0.6Mx8.966M)

D3 ENGINE ROOM FG1 750 MM HEIGHT 100MM THICK RC SLAB 4508

[14'-9"] +450MM AREA=75.76M2

D3 D3 D2 RECEPTION LOBBY W1 AREA=10.46M2 2150 [7'-1"] W3 D5 W3 +300MM D1 D3 D2 W2 75MM THICK RC SLAB 3 W1 CABLE LINE JUNCTION +150MM RAMP RP2 +450MM 2800 MM HIGH MASONRY WALL [4']

1225

+300MM RAMP RP1 +150MM

A X

GROUND FLOOR PLAN CONTRACTORS MUST CHECK ALL DIMENSIONS ON SITE BEFORE STARTING ANY WORK OR SHOP DRAWINGS, SCALE - 1:100 FIGURED DIMENSIONS TO TAKE PRECEDENCE OVER SCALE READINGS. DO NOT SCALE DRAWINGS, IN CASE DOUBT, PLEASE ASK. 3 2 1

C15015 "C" PURLINE@600 C/C UPPER LEVEL ROOFTOP BHP LYSAGHT ROOFING SHEET 50MM THK ROCK WOOL AT (LOWER ROOF) RB1 LOWER LEVEL ROOF TOP

UPPER LEVEL ROOF BEAM

CHIMNEY LOWER LEVEL ROOF BEAM CENTER LINTEL BEAM REFER "CB" DETAILS

25MM GAP RB1 AROUND DEG FOUNDATION FILL WITH SEALANT ENGINE ROOM

ATTENUATOR

GROUND FLOOR LEVEL

NATURAL GROUND LEVEL COMPACTED EARTH COMPACTED EARTH TIE BEAM TIE BEAM FOUNDATION DEPTH TIE BEAM

SECTION-X SCALE - 1:100

CONTRACTORS MUST CHECK ALL DIMENSIONS ON SITE BEFORE STARTING ANY WORK OR SHOP DRAWINGS, FIGURED DIMENSIONS TO TAKE PRECEDENCE OVER SCALE READINGS. DO NOT SCALE DRAWINGS, IN CASE DOUBT, PLEASE ASK.

` ްޑެޓިމިލ ްނަޝޭރަޕރޯކ ަކަނެފ

ެޖްއާރިހެވިދ

Figure 25: floor plan of powerhouse

Fenaka Corporation Limited ްޑެޓިމިލ ްނަޝޭރަޕރޯކ ަކަނެފ Ports Complex Building 7th Floor, Hilaalee Magu ޕޯރޓްސް ކޮމްޕްލެކްސް ބިލްޑިންގ 7 ވަނަ ފަންގިފިލާ، ހިލާލީ މަގު Male’ 20307, Republic of Maldives މާލެ 20307 ، ދިވެހިރާއްޖެ Tel: [960] 300 7555 : ްނޯފެލެޓ Email: [email protected] Fax: [960] 332 7555 : ްލިއެމ.ީއ : ްސްކެފ Website: www.fenaka.com.mv : ްޓިއަސްބެވ

ްޑެޓިމިލ ްނަޝޭރަޕރޯކ ަކަނެފ

ެޖްއާރިހެވިދ

Figure 26: sectional elevation of powerhouse

126 | P a g e

Fenaka Corporation Limited ްޑެޓިމިލ ްނަޝޭރަޕރޯކ ަކަނެފ Ports Complex Building 7th Floor, Hilaalee Magu ޕޯރޓްސް ކޮމްޕްލެކްސް ބިލްޑިންގ 7 ވަނަ ފަންގިފިލާ، ހިލާލީ މަގު Male’ 20307, Republic of Maldives މާލެ 20307 ، ދިވެހިރާއްޖެ Tel: [960] 300 7555 : ްނޯފެލެޓ Email: [email protected] : ްލިއެމ.ީއ Fax: [960] 332 7555 : ްސްކެފ Website: www.fenaka.com.mv : ްޓިއަސްބެވ

ްޑެޓިމިލ ްނަޝޭރަޕރޯކ ަކަނެފ

ެޖްއާރިހެވިދ

Figure 27: front and side elevation of powerhouse

127 | P a g e

Fenaka Corporation Limited ްޑެޓިމިލ ްނަޝޭރަޕރޯކ ަކަނެފ Ports Complex Building 7th Floor, Hilaalee Magu ޕޯރޓްސް ކޮމްޕްލެކްސް ބިލްޑިންގ 7 ވަނަ ފަންގިފިލާ، ހިލާލީ މަގު Male’ 20307, Republic of Maldives މާލެ 20307 ، ދިވެހިރާއްޖެ Tel: [960] 300 7555 : ްނޯފެލެޓ Email: [email protected] : ްލިއެމ.ީއ Fax: [960] 332 7555 : ްސްކެފ Website: www.fenaka.com.mv : ްޓިއަސްބެވ 22 APPENDIX I-LETTERS TO STAKEHOLDERS

114 [email protected]

From: [email protected] Sent: Thursday, January 9, 2020 12:12 PM To: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Cc: [email protected] Subject: Request for Stakeholder meeting Attachments: Project Brief - Finey, Miladhoo, Fulhadhoo.pdf; Project Brief GA.Maamendhoo, GA.Nilandhoo, GDh.Thinadhoo.pdf; Project Brief R.Kinolhas, R. Rasgatheemu, B.Kendhoo, B.Goidhoo-.pdf; Project Brief HA.Utheemu, HDh.Nolhivaram, Sh.Feydhoo, Sh.Noomara,N.Kendhikulhudhoo-.pdf; Project Brief - M.Raiymandhoo, F.Feeali, Dh.Maaenboodhoo, Dh.Hulhudheli-.pdf; Project Brief - L.Kunahandhoo, GDh.Gahdhoo, GDh.Nadella-.pdf; Project Brief - Addu CPP-.pdf

Dear sir/madam,

We are currently in the process of doing an Environmental Impact Assessment report for the relocation of the powerhouse in the following Islands.

1. HA.Uligam 2. HA.Utheemu 3. HDh.Nolhivaram 4. HDh.Finey 5. Sh.Feydhoo 6. Sh.Noomaraa 7. N.Miladhoo 8. N.Kendhikolhudhoo 9. R.Kinolhas 10. R.Rasgatheemu 11. B.Goidhoo 12. B.Fulhadhoo 13. B.Kendhoo 14. M.Raiymandhoo 15. F.Feeali 16. Dh.Maaenboodhoo 17. Dh.Hulhudheli 18. L.Kunahandhoo 19. GDh.Gahdhoo 20. GA.Nilandhoo 21. GA.Maamendhoo 22. GDh. Nadella 23. GDh.Thinadhoo 24. S.Hithadhoo

It is an important component of an EIA to consult with stakeholders to discuss any concerns and recommendations regarding the project. As such, if there are any concerns to be discussed regarding this project, please arrange for a meeting to be held with our EIA staff.

Project briefs has been attached with this email.

Best Regards, Nashfa Nashidh

1 Engineer Water, Sewerage and Environment Department (WSED)

2 23 APPENDIX J-TENTATIVE WORK PLAN OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT

115

No: P01852018 Project Work Schedule

PROJECT: PROPOSED POWER HOUSE BUILING CLIENT: FENAKA CORPORATION LIMITED PROJECT LOCATION : GA.MAAMENDHOO, REPUBLIC OF MALDIVES PROJECT DURACTION : 60 DAYS DATE : 19 - 10 -2019 POWER HOUSE #SL.NO DESCRPTION OF WORKS 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60

1 SITE PREPARATION Moblization site cxlearing - any demolition of existing works Coconut tree cutting and clear 2 FOUNDATION Foundation excavaction Foundation concrete 3 Ground floor Column &roof beam concrete works 4 MASONDARY WORKS Ground floor 5 PLASTERING WORKS Internal plastering extrnal plastering 6 ROOFING WORKS AND CELLING WORKS Roofing works Other wood works 7 DOOR AND WINDOW ground floor door and windows fixing works 8 FINISHING WORKS ( PAINTING , TILEING ETC.. ) extrnal painting internal painting tilesing other finishing works metel works other similer works 9 ELECTRICAL WORKS Ground floor electrical works Checking and commitiong of the electrical 10 PLUMBING WORKS Ground floor plumbing works Checking and commitiong of the plumbing 11 Hand over the building

PROJECT: PROPOSED OFFICE BUILDING CLIENT: FENAKA CORPORATION LIMITED PROJECT LOCATION : GA.MAAMENDHOO, REPUBLIC OF MALDIVES PROJECT DURACTION 40: DAYS DATE : 19 - 10 -2019 OFFICE #SL.NO DESCRPTION OF WORKS 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

1 SITE PREPARATION Moblization site cxlearing - any demolition of existing works 2 FOUNDATION Foundation excavaction Foundation concrete 3 Ground floor Column &roof beam concrete works 4 MASONDARY WORKS Ground floor 5 PLASTERING WORKS Internal plastering extrnal plastering 6 ROOFING WORKS AND CELLING WORKS Roofing works Other wood works 7 DOOR AND WINDOW ground floor door and windows fixing works 8 FINISHING WORKS ( PAINTING , TILEING ETC.. ) extrnal painting internal painting tilesing other finishing works metel works other similer works 9 ELECTRICAL WORKS Ground floor electrical works Checking and commitiong of the electrical 10 PLUMBING WORKS Ground floor plumbing works Checking and commitiong of the plumbing 11 Hand over the building

PROJECT: PROPOSED 60 CUBIC METER TANK CLIENT: FENAKA CORPORATION LIMITED PROJECT LOCATION : GA.MAAMENDHOO, REPUBLIC OF MALDIVES PROJECT DURACTION 25: DAYS DATE : 19 - 10 -2019 60 CUBIC METER TANK #SL.NO DESCRPTION OF WORKS 5 10 15 20 25

1 SITE PREPARATION Moblization site cxlearing - any demolition of existing works

2 FOUNDATION Foundation excavaction Foundation concrete

3 METAL WORKS Diesal Tank Fabrication of ms plates Truss roof works Air vent projection Manohole projection Mechanical fuel flow meter Appropriate capacity Electric fuel pump Tank internal&external painting

4 DAY TANK 700 ltr capacity day tank - PVC Day tank plumping pipe line works

5 PAINTING WORKS Floor painting Boundary wall pinting

6 25 CUBIC METER TANK Hand over the tank

PROJECT: CHIMNEY CLIENT: FENAKA CORPORATION LIMITED PROJECT LOCATION : GA.MAAMENDHOO, REPUBLIC OF MALDIVES PROJECT DURACTION :15 DAYS DATE : 19 - 10 -2019 CHIMNEY #SL.NO DESCRPTION OF WORKS 5 10 15 1 SITE PREPARATION Moblization site cxlearing - any demolition of existing works 2 FOUNDATION Foundation excavaction Foundation concrete 3 MASONDARY WORKS Block works Plastering works

4 DOOR AND WINDOW Door and windows

5 PAINTING WORKS Floor paint External painting

11 Hand over the CHIMNEY

Tic Tac Investment, MA. Facination 1st Floor, Iskandharu Magu Male, Rep.of Maldives M: 9607775226, Email: [email protected] Web: www.tac.mv NO: P01852018, TIN: 1099879GST501, BPT TIN: 109979BPT001 No: P01852018 Project Work Schedule PROJECT: BOUNDARY WALL CLIENT: FENAKA CORPORATION LIMITED PROJECT LOCATION : GA.MAAMENDHOO, REPUBLIC OF MALDIVES PROJECT DURACTION 27: DAYS DATE : 19 - 10 -2019 BOUNDARY WALL #SL.NO DESCRPTION OF WORKS 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 1 SITE PREPARATION Moblization site cxlearing - any demolition of existing works 2 FOUNDATION Foundation excavaction Foundation concrete 3 Masondary works Block works Plastering works

4 DOOR AND WINDOW Door and windows 5 PAINTING WORKS Internal painting External painting 6 ELECTRICAL & SPECIFIC INSTALLATIONS Boundary wall electrical works

7 Hand over the Boundary wall

Tic Tac Investment, MA. Facination 1st Floor, Iskandharu Magu Male, Rep.of Maldives M: 9607775226, Email: [email protected] Web: www.tac.mv NO: P01852018, TIN: 1099879GST501, BPT TIN: 109979BPT001 PROPOSED POWER HOUSE RELOCATION GA.NILANDHOO DURATION WORK PLANING SL# DESCRIPTION STARTING FINISHING 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 Oct-19 Nov-19 Dec-19 Jan-20 Feb-20 Mar-20 Apr-20 May-20 1.0- POWER HOUSE 1.0 MOBILIZATION 19-Oct-19 18-Nov-19

2.0 SITE CLEANING & EARTH WORKS 19-Oct-19 7-Nov-19

3.0 CONCRETE 25-Oct-19 20-Dec-19

4.0 MASONRY AND PLASTERING 20-Nov-19 19-Jan-20

5.0 METAL WORKS 5-Jan-20 20-Mar-20

12.0 ROOF TRUSS AND COVER 20-Feb-10 30-Mar-10

6.0 CEILING 1-Apr-20 11-May-20

7.0 DOORS AND WINDOWS 11-Apr-20 26-May-20

8.0 FINISHES 1-Mar-20 8-Apr-20

9.0 HYDRAULICS & DRAINAGE 11-Jan-20 29-Feb-20

10.0 PAINTING 21-Feb-20 20-Mar-20

11.0 ELECTRICAL & SPECIFIC INSTALLATIONS 1-Feb-20 20-Mar-20

2.0- 25 CUBIC METER TANK

1.0 EARTH WORKS 19-Oct-19 7-Nov-19

2.0 CONCRETE WORKS 25-Oct-19 10-Dec-19

3.0 METAL WORKS 11-Dec-19 14-Feb-20

4.0 PAINTING 21-Feb-20 20-Mar-20

3.0- OFFICE

1.0 SITE CLEANING & EARTH WORKS 19-Oct-19 7-Nov-19

2.0 CONCRETE 25-Oct-19 20-Dec-19

3.0 MASONRY AND PLASTERING 20-Nov-19 19-Jan-20

4.0 METAL WORKS 5-Jan-20 20-Mar-20

11.0 ROOF TRUSS AND COVER 20-Feb-10 30-Mar-10 PROPOSED POWER HOUSE RELOCATION GA.NILANDHOO DURATION WORK PLANING SL# DESCRIPTION STARTING FINISHING 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 Oct-19 Nov-19 Dec-19 Jan-20 Feb-20 Mar-20 Apr-20 May-20 5.0 CEILING 1-Apr-20 11-May-20 PROPOSED POWER HOUSE RELOCATION GA.NILANDHOO DURATION WORK PLANING SL# DESCRIPTION STARTING FINISHING 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 Oct-19 Nov-19 Dec-19 Jan-20 Feb-20 Mar-20 Apr-20 May-20 6.0 DOORS AND WINDOWS 11-Apr-20 26-May-20

7.0 FINISHES 1-Mar-20 8-Apr-20

8.0 HYDRAULICS & DRAINAGE 11-Jan-20 29-Feb-20

9.0 PAINTING 21-Feb-20 20-Mar-20

10.0 ELECTRICAL & SPECIFIC INSTALLATIONS 1-Feb-20 20-Mar-20

4.0- CHIMNEY

1.0 EARTH WORKS 19-Oct-19 31-Oct-19

2.0 CONCRETE 25-Oct-19 31-Dec-19

3.0 MASONRY AND PLASTERING 11-Dec-19 24-Feb-20

4.0 DOORS AND WINDOWS 11-Apr-20 9-May-20

5.0 FINISHES 11-Apr-20 19-May-20

6.0 PAINTING 11-Apr-20 18-Jun-20

5.0- BOUNDARY WALL 19-Oct-19 31-Oct-19 1.0 EARTH WORKS 15-Sep-19 10-Nov-19 2.0 CONCRETE 1-Oct-19 30-Nov-19 3.0 MASONRY AND PLASTERING

4.0 DOORS AND WINDOWS 1-Feb-20 29-Feb-20

5.0 PAINTING 21-Feb-20 20-Mar-20

6.0 ELECTRICAL & SPECIFIC INSTALLATIONS 1-Mar-20 20-Mar-20

HAND OVER THE PROJECT 20-Jun-20 220 230 240 0 Jun-20 220 230 240 0 Jun-20 220 230 240 0 Jun-20 24 APPENDIX K- GROUNDWATER TEST RESULTS FROM MWSC

116

25 APPENDIX L-VEGETATION COMPENSATION

117

e,y',?

*t* 47 5r7r.. lsrl ,-tr, tra .Pr. Nilandhoo &+ North Huvadhoo Atoll, c4rrJu Rep.Of Maldives.

Serial CC-000687 '*o27 221* No: .a

P.V No: 409-CC- 00138/2019 'llat2 g721 .o 4 Date: lTlOct/2019 . )/a a

Account No: 7712-700392401 Vl e-tt, ,j2, 'r-r- c--t. a r- ar4 ,aa ? , t/.tt *rJ Ur) J Payment Voucher . ,-. .. . L ').r4 t*r} '/r? tzrrJ *a) ' ' ze272er/*2 -- , Amount: Due Date: Invoice / Bill No: ,O. o ./a o *o |resz vla //?J*rt a. , -'.- e-t Account N0: 7712-700392-AAt Date Of Invoice . o- o- 4. c c, .ataft e S? Ylo 'r?re t2/, DrtRt Description: Sub code:

*r) ,ro t/tr, r)t2r2o4 2r/2r, :DP . a 2a ,rA o 2 7,700.00 zrtJ ,/ -22 " 1,000.00 02

750.00 ..i. 03 2,500.00 20

750.00 lo

O 2 a tt. 450.00 a/ zz.l " 200.00 loo

75.00 :1u1 0s 3,000.00 ;;;i ;; ot

45.00 tez, *J 0l

o, 55.00 /ozJ *t ol

570,00 z-u/ *J l?

1,045.00 ot

645.00 :1;;_ 0t

645.00 :;;* ot

675.00 0l

oao,22 ,-r,-O. vta,a.

20,105.00 v?*a, *, to No: o,/ . , o/ o ' 'ro// eZtv,

Functions & Designation: extension & addition checked bY: t'7.10.2019 w bY: distribution aPProved J/c 17.10.2019

authorized bY: (1)

r'7.10.2a19 (1)

authorized b1': (2) o ,o2 r' t2P/rY,/ ,^\. 17.10.2019 \/)'ztta- ,, ? i*i -i/rj received b1': -/1-=' Z- P'ta/? ryZ {ub/

G+A c12 ua, L, /- ,,,? ',H.,P Nilandhoo # >, o, J:2, North Huvadhoo Atoll. C Oz. a ar4.r/22 Rep.Of Maldives.

Serial No: cc-000688 'toz, 2rr*.a P.V No: 409-CC- 00139/2019 'r{.t CrrJ Date: lT lOct/2019 .. 4 , ),,, Account 77 l2-700392_00t No: Vl a,,r, ,j2, '/--, E-4y1 J" C ,-- ? - tf.tt ", ,r) Payment Vouchef-r) 'tla. ..- r*7J. a - lf 2zvrJ L lz' -r, ,e/-to,/ H, e?, Due I)ate: Invoice / Bill No: .o. ../ezu- v/u '/irt*1tr1 c.a Account N0: 7712-700392-00r Of Invoice: .o2C-4 a cz .a?,?te SJoyrP DrtRl 4 Sub code:

Jztz'rr trt/, 9r)/v, ?/, t2o 2-t 22t' t?cz, z, ,22?.r, < r/ o 2 /2?a *1J ,.uc 5/tr, Jr24/2 z2a s-gss).

r 6,100.00 ,rC o 2 ry) ,/ /22 23 000123 a 16,100.00 ,?*r4 -/ ): No: Account to L ezuY, 'rP 4?/v t?/v Date, Signatuer, & Designation: Functions ,

17.t0.20t9 voice extension & addition checked by: s*q --/n P:1)', O.2 ,- l t?oP, tPrt?,

17.10.2019 distribution approved by: erePP;// ,2112 ,/C e2/ 2 a 2r, .r@ ?tt?, , ?re J)url

Payment authorized by: (l) 17.10.2019 *i, 2-24../ z.zon (1) :;2;:: \_,/ :i;: 17.t0.2019 Payment authorized by: (2)

(2) 22/t/ F -2/y Payment received by: flP'/

.3F^ ,ra tr*rr, ,rt, /-tr, tr, ,r- +'t-+\^..c_ .a Nilandhoo North Huvadhoo Atoll, Crr/Jr, Rep.Of Maldives.

Serial No: cc-000689 'r--, ,r/P

P.V No: 409-CC- 00140/2019 't./tt 2221 .o a Date: l7lOctl2019 . )r,, '1712-700392-001 Account No: Vl €rava 222, '---, e-rr4 ra C ,r, + u - "' t'a) ty'at .ur) a Payment Voucher - r.. a 4 2 . rJa t-r) '/r? tr'vrJ ',) " /arz2c/Pr2r, Amount: Due Date: Invoice / Bill No: :-*31.1 ,ln

e- a AccountN0: 1112-700392-001 Of Invoice: o. o/ aa a a. :a-?-?t n s? v.t" 'irro Jr// DrtRf Description: Sub code Pr, ,/2r, ;o. ,tr, ;t .- )"_n ;; ;; -;.) ; , 6r;. 1' a _o. Jzrz'rr 2r)/, /2e trJlv2 z/, t2c Jr4 /2t, tzcz, /zr?'rJ '/te ,, *r) 22o Juta, t 2.P 2//e4 52tr)' o' 1,400.00 -.i 2,000.00 re.roi o4 1,000.00 tir, -r., ,, ,94 ..4 2 o 2 c Ol 125.00 .r)/ 4/ /21 U . , r, /'/ J"' \_ 4,525.00 (z1t *t-21 -fP/) *z tsz) '2iC Account No: Account to Credit:

' re?? ezrv, o/t 'r?zv tzrP

Date Signatuer, Name & Designation Functions ,

extension & addition checked by: 11.10.2419 ou 2 ,- Sqzl ,uoPl tP,

( distribution approved by': 17.10.2019 izg)-n7 2zrzz .rrc

Pa1'ment authorized by: (l ) 2+ry/ 2/to, ,P- t7.10.2019 ---/ -rJ az /M (r) ?zJr/ /2r' ,rt) Payment authorized by: (2) ,Ex/ o, , 17.10.2019 rzH-r'/ 2-r) \l)'rt'., -zt. t : €:'ib: Paylent received by: tl"to zr4 z4) ?tt/-

6i.., rr

F {A}'"?'

..r- tr-rav ,rru ,orr, tr, ,rt, S*+_r+ ., Nilandhoo

North Huvadhoo Atoll, Cu.s/-?.tt Rep.Of Maldives.

Serial No: cc-000690 'r--? ,trP.a P.V No: 409-CC- 0014112019 't./at grzlt Date: l7lOctl2019 .r-r, Account No 7712-700392-00t Ul ezt-t rt:a Cr.r, .,J C C- l.f.tt t2rv"' .2r)"J Payment Voucher . ,,. . . . ').r1 tP.) Pu) ' 'zo?72o/*r q 'zval 'r Amount: Due Date: Invoice / Bill No: u3.9a .ln ''1/ c7' Account N0: 7712-700392-001 Date Of Invoice o/o/4 a a/ ia#te s.cv.? 'r?ro ur) DrzRf Descrintion: Sub code: P4, ,rrla

-. , ?. .. , o*2 a 2 2r?22'rt tr)/, /2c tr)/y, v/, t2o Srte ,,t ,, /2r, tlcz, Jzt?'rt 22@ J/Jrt tzP/ 2urt /o4 Jl2Pt -rJ 2C I,400.00 z/) ,, +o' ecw . m ,2'JrY ,, /rJ -' 375.00 lJ, 4.. 500.00 zrJ ,/ ,i, ot )i;ot l- ) HaJ Jrs'

4 2 0J , o 4. 2,275.00 (z1t*-t /2?, ?rPr., */21 '22C Account No Account to Credit:

. a al o otaa 'roz? e?rv,

'rP 4?Sv t lv

Date Signatuer: Name & Designation Functions

Invoice extension & addition checked by: 17.10.2019 ,-), *r?r)', / zP azzz s4a l2 ol 2 2, 4?c// (' '*rt?, 2a Account distribution approved by: ,evra )t2412,FlC 17.10.2019 <'-= e?€**r,/ Cz, / c r./ ?tt?t arac t.rr/

Payment authorized by: (1) 17.10.2019 2-zau/ 2rret /Pz \o _v \l) 'zzla- lzrv ,* L Paymenl authorized by: (2) Prr': r-rar-y/ ,Hr) /2112 17.10.2019 a2 .^\. O ,oz Or2, € \l)'rlla- zztv ,t) o.//?.?2./ ?2),/ received b.y: )F+t/ 2//23 -z>b-A

(s {lYb?

ae .c ar, ,J- tr-z? ,orr, tr, ,t, .f*+:r+}.-l Nilandhoo North Huvadhoo Atoll, Ctr/2,P Rep.Of Maldives.

Serial No: CC-000691 'r*- ,rrH., P.V No: 409-CC- 00142/2A19 'z.taat 2z>1t .. a Date: l7lOctl2019 .,,,, . . o2 , c,.. AccountNo:'7712-70A]92401 Ul azz-a z>zz 'r--? Errvt a ra a r rz ,ra ? J t'/.tt J2.rt, ,l) t-.t) a Payment Voucher

. tr. . a - : .2/t1 tPrJ e?Y,, /rJ . n--.3;ij.7,a- 7,1- ,e Amount: Due Date: Invoice / Bill No: /rlJlr?/, >3"1tr .ln az Account N0: 7712-700392-001 Date Of Invoice: oa oa 2? a c. la.?*2o s.?vtp DrrRt Descriotion: Sub code *

.rt l2o tr2e .Ur, /zta , -) ,u i u uz-, /22' *rJ 2,PO t4€, 2?r2 t22t' '/trt -*.. o-/,625 -e ; 0l 1,250.00 c) v, 5aj, /)/ " ta 2t os 625.00 J)z 22e2/Y j.I -.it , r. *.J Jt' ,4,. 1,875.00 (t1t-1 ,-r?/ vrl tz-)'2zc Account No: Account to Credit:

',ez/ g?rv4 . oa o2 0r, 'r?vv 2?sv

Date, Signatuer Name & Designation Functions ,

Invoice extension & addition checked by: t7.10.2019 @ ,P), Pr'zr)',

< Account approved by: < ,20r 2 ,., distribution jzrzz 11.10.2019 eze*Pa// ,/C . c 02, . o. / *) '2o ,tt?, )?rc

. 4, Payment authorized by: ( I ) 17.10.2019 Pr.' zzloa ,J 'P-r-r/ N(- ll) 'zllnz 721v 2z) Payment authorized by: (2) 17.10.2019 t2-/rv/ ,-uJ /t2r12 V \l)'22>a- /z/v 2/) i-Fj: Zgr;;;/ Payment received by: 12-/o'20/2 {W plrro -rj

o$$i{rr {u'"?

Serial No: CC-000692 'ro-? 2t/P J,

P.V No: 409-CC- 00143/2019 'z.tlat EzzJ .. a Date: l7lOctl20l9 . i/,,

Account No: 7712-700392-0Al VL zrr', ,rt, ,e, Crrv. u r, C ,aa U a ilat "' ,r) -.t)a Payment Voucher

-.,. . O - '/.Ja tPrJ //? tlvr, PrJ " /az?2o/ Prtri Amount: Due Date: Invoice / Bill No: - . o. I -r.err yl, /rFJ-rtzt,. Account N0: 7712-100392-0At Date Of Invoice: o/ o/ 4 a c2 at a S? Yt 'rrro tr/) 'PJP DrzRf Descriotion: Sub code: Pr l ,rrz4 <, Zr, t2o Jrtel 2/,, /2ta J-Cn , @ ;'., *r-t ,) 2Je t/tt, tJ2r/2 .rrr€ tr€2t

1,000.00 s,l-/ )i;oz , r. P.rJ J5,

1,000.00 (t1t *--a)'zzc Account No: Account to Credit:

'/oz/ ezrvt

Date Signatuer Name & Designation: Functions ,

Invoice extension & addition checked by: 11.10.2019 o,2 4 'tyyy' t?e//

Account distribution b1': x ,, o, , 2.. approved ,2122 /t/C t7.r0.2019 eze-*r// . . 4zz z '2c ?tt4, aUro

Payment authorized by: (1) 17.10.2019 /\^ \ll 'zt>n- /2/v Jr) Palanent authorized by: (2) )< ao o2' _ o' Pr/'? J2-zrv/ 2-r) ' r7.10.2019 a. J2rz2 %, (2) ?22r, lzrv .)r) Payment received by: /?-/2'2,, ",j3i3 Hr3 zrz 'r) 26 APPENDIX M- HEALTH & SAFETY PROCEDURE

118

HEALTH AND SAFETY MANUAL

For Power Generating Facilities

FEBRUARY 24, 2016 FENAKA CORPORATION LILMITED

Health and Safety Manual

OVERVIEW TO THE HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL

This Health and Safety Manual has been designed and developed to work systematically & manage workplace health and safety at the events surrounding and associated with major events in the Sewerage System at (respective island name) run by Fenaka Corporation. This will allow Fenaka Corporation to maintain better control over the Sewerage System and to ensure the safety of the staff working at the Sewerage System.

The purpose of this document is to provide necessary health and safety instructions to the employees working in (respective island name) Sewerage System.

This Health and Safety manual is designed to complement all existing Operational and maintenance systems. It is not intended to replace an existing safety management or injury prevention system already in operation.

Fenaka Corporation Limited, 7th Floor, Port Complex Building, Hilaalee Magu, Male’ 20307, Republic of Maldives, Tel: 3007555, Fax: +960 3327555, www.fenaka.mv, Registered in the Republic of Maldives, No: C-462/2012 Page 1 Health and Safety Manual

HEALTH AND SAFETY POLICY

At Fenaka Corporation Our Occupational Health & Safety Policy is based on a belief that the well-being of people employed at work, or people affected by our work, is a major priority and must be considered during all work performed on our behalf.

The objectives of our Safety Policy are:

 To achieve an accident free workplace, by complying with all relevant health and safety regulations, operation and maintenance manuals.  To make health & safety an integral part of every managerial and supervisory position.  To ensure health & safety is considered in all planning and work activities.  To ensure all potential accident/incidents are controlled, prevented and reported.

The success of our health & safety management is dependent on:

1. Pro-active planning of all work activities with due consideration given to implementing health and safety procedures that are suitable to each given situation, including emergencies. 2. Understanding the total work process and associated health and safety risks. 3. Ensuring the work team is totally committed to achieving our objectives. 4. Ensuring that open and honest communication exists between managers and all other employees.

The responsibility for safety shall be adopted as an integral part of everyday work, therefore it is vital that every employee shares in the commitment to eliminate unsafe acts and conditions by thinking safely and acting safely at all times.

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

At (respective island name) Sewerage System, the following key personnel on site will be responsible for health and safety. Their roles and responsibilities regarding safety on site are outlined below.

Station Manager

Technical Manager/ Assistant Manager Assistant Engineer

Senior Supervisor Senior Supervisor

Employees/others Employees/others

STATION MANAGER (Respective name of personnel) is responsible for safety on the sites and duties include: - the station manager has the highest level of authority and hence is responsible for the health and safety of all of his employees - is responsible for implementing all the health and safety procedures outlined in this manual - is responsible for reporting all accidents/incidents to head office - using the health and safety principles in all design, fabrication and construction activities to minimise the risk to all employees

- carrying out site reviews with the technical manager and assistant manager team to assist in the identification of further risk reduction control measures - ensuring safe equipment and plant is provided and maintained - reviewing safety reports and inspections and initiating rectification where necessary; - participating in accident/ incident investigations; - participating in safety meetings and safety programmes; - monitoring compliance with safe work methods

TECHNICAL MANAGER AND ASSISTANT MANAGER

(Respective name of personnel) is responsible for safety on the Site and duties include:

- implementing the Health Safety and procedures - observing all health and safety requirements regarding all works on site - employee training on health and safety practices - ensuring that all works are conducted in a manner safe and without risk to employees health and safety - providing advice and assistance on health and safety to all employees - carrying out workplace safety inspections; - Investigating accidents/incidents and ensuring that corrective actions are undertaken. - supervising and ensuring compliance with safe work procedures - Monitoring and providing immediate feedback on safety practices/performance to station manager

SENIOR SUPERVISOR(S) (Respective name of personnel) is responsible for safety on the site and duties include:

- assisting the technical manager and assistant manager to implement the health and safety procedures - communicating safety performance to the technical manager and assistant manager - providing advice and assistance on health and safety to all employees - monitoring compliance with safe work procedures; - insisting on correct and safe practices at all times; - assisting the technical manager and assistant manager in accident/ incident investigations - communicating with the technical manager and assistant manager on matters relating to health and safety; - participating in regular workplace inspections and ensure that any improvements resulting from such an inspection are actioned in the required time frame; - Ensuring any recommended remedial actions after a workplace incident or accident are implemented.

HEALTH AND SAFETY PROCEDURES

Recognizing hazard at power generating facility

 Inadequate wiring is dangerous.  Exposed electrical parts are dangerous.  Wires with bad insulation can give you shock.  Electrical systems and tools that are not grounded or double-insulated are dangerous.  Overloaded circuits are dangerous.  Damaged power tools and equipment are electrical hazards.  Using the wrong PPE is dangerous.  Some on-site chemicals are harmful.  Defective or improperly set up ladders and scaffolding are dangerous.  Ladders that conduct electricity are dangerous.  Electrical hazards can be made worse if the worker, location or equipment are wet.

Electrical Appliance Handling Procedures

 All electricity work must be performed in accordance with the national wiring standards by authorized personnel only.  Before removing any terminal box cover or handling electrical connections, make sure that the electricity supply has been switched off.  No changes or modifications to any equipment must be made without prior authorization from the head office.  Before initial operation of any equipment, it’s operating and maintenance manuals must be carefully studied.  Equipment replacing and maintenance must be done according to specific instructions in the operating and maintenance manuals.

Working near live wires

Common tasks when working near live circuits include:-

 Taking voltage and current measurements.  Opening and closing disconnects and circuit breakers.  Racking circuit breakers on and off the bus.  Opening electric equipment doors for inspection.

Chemical handling procedures

 Before using any chemicals, carefully read and understand the materials safety, instructions and follow the instructions strictly.

 Chemical materials safety data sheets must be maintained and made readily accessible to all employees  Use protective gloves, protective clothing and protective goggles while handling any type of chemicals  While working with chemicals do not eat, drink or smoke.  At all times, avoid inhalation of fine dust and mist. Use local exhaust or breathing protection.  Any labels on the chemical containers must not be removed or defaced. Any labels that are damaged must be immediately replaced with labels containing the same identification, warning and source of information.

Employee behavior and attitude

 It is the sole responsibility of each and every employee to be familiar with the health and safety procedures  All employees must strictly follow the health and safety procedures according to the directions of the supervisors and managers to minimize risk to himself and other employees  Report damaged equipment and get it replaced  Avoid becoming contaminated with sewage and other hazardous chemicals  Avoid breathing in sewage dust or spray and other chemicals  After being in contact with sewage or hazardous chemicals do not touch your face or smoke, eat or drink, unless you have washed your hands and face thoroughly with soap and water.  Always change out of contaminated clothing before eating, drinking or smoking  If you become ill (fever, headache, skin infection, stomachache, chest pain) seek medical attention immediately.

Handling accidents/incidents

 Injuries which occur at the work place must be immediately treated. Any cuts must be quickly cleaned and covered with sterile water proof dressing.  Injuries requiring first aid maybe treated using the first aid kit  Emergency transport (ambulance) shall be contacted to respond to injuries requiring more extensive treatment

 Any chemical spills must be cleaned immediately and the spill area must be properly decontaminated  In case of splashing chemicals to skin: flush the affected area with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contaminated clothing and discard during flushing process. Immediately seek medical attention.

List of emergency equipment to be made available

The stations manager must ensure that the following emergency equipment are available in good working condition at the work site;

 First aid kits  Fire extinguishers  Chemical response spill kits  List of emergency contact personnel (ambulance, stations manager, assistant manager and supervisor contact details)

Employee training

 All employees must be trained on the health and safety practices that must be followed in their present work area  The aim of the training program is to ensure that all employees are adequately aware of the risks involved and what to do if an accident occurs  This training shall be provided if an employee’s initial work assignment involves health and safety risk. Further the training must be provided prior to assignments involving new exposure situations

Waste disposal procedures

 Don’t leave any sharp objects on the work site. It should be safely disposed of in cardboard boxes  Any chemical wastes must not be left on work site. It should be carefully disposed of to the designated containers

Reporting

 When an employee observes a hazardous condition that may cause injury or property damage, the employee shall report it promptly to the responsible personnel on site.  An employee who receives a report of a hazardous condition, either from the general public or another employee, shall immediately refer this information to the responsible personnel on site.

First Aid Procedure

General Directions for First Aid: Following are nine general directions for first aid in an emergency, outlined by the American Red Cross. 1. Keep the victim lying down. 2. Examine the victim - look for serious bleeding, lack of breathing, and poisoning. 3. Keep the victim warm. 4. Send someone to call a physician or ambulance. 5. Remain calm. Do not be rushed into moving the victim unless absolutely necessary. 6. Never give an unconscious victim anything to eat or drink. 7. Keep the crowd away from the victim. 8. Ensure the victim is comfortable and cheerful. 9. Don’t allow the victim see his injury.

Other General Information: Knowing what not to do in an emergency is just as important as knowing what to do. The original injury may be magnified by the wrong kind of treatment or mishandling. If a victim must be transported, ensure that methods described in a standard first aid text are used. With neck or back injuries, particularly, serious damage may occur by improperly transporting the victim. If possible, the victim should remain at the site where the injury occurred until a physician arrives, rather than risk an increase to the injury through mishandling.

Mouth-to-Mouth respiration Method:

1. If there is foreign matter visible in the mouth, wipe it out quickly with your fingers or cloth wrapped around your fingers.

2. Tilt head back so chin is pointed upward. Pull or push jaw into jutting out position. These maneuvers should relieve obstruction of airway by moving the base of the tongue away from the back of the throat.

3. Open your mouth wide and place tightly over victim’s mouth. At the same time pinch the victim’s nostrils shut and blow air.

4. Remove your mouth, turn your head to the side, listen for return rush of air that indicates air exchange. Repeat blowing effort. For an adult, blow vigorously at the rate of approximately 12 breaths per minute. For a child, take relatively shallow breaths appropriate for the child’s size at the rate of approximately 20 breaths per minute.

How to treat a victim of electric shock/burn:-

 Shut off the electric current if the victim is still in contact with the energized circuit and have someone else call for help immediately. If you cannot get to the switchgear quickly, pry the victim from the circuit with something that does not conduct electricity such as dry wood. Do not touch the victim yourself if the victim is still in in contact with the electric circuit.  Once the victim is out of contact with the electric circuit and if the victim is conscious, examine the victim for signs of major bleeding. If there is heavy bleeding, place a cloth over the wound and apply pressure. Talk to the victim until help arrives.  If the victim is unconscious, check for signs of breathing trying only to move the victim as little as possible. If the victim is not breathing, begin mouth-to-mouth respiration as directed in the section above, then check to see if the victim has a pulse. Quick action is essential! To be effective, this mouth-to-mouth respiration should be performed within 4 minutes of the shock.

119

Curriculum Vitae of SUMA KHALID MOHAMED

1. CURRENT POSITION : Engineer at Fenaka Cooperation Ltd.

2. NAME : Suma Khalid Mohamed

3. DATE OF BIRTH : 05.10.1995

4. CITIZENSHIP : Maldivian

5. E-MAIL ADDRESS : [email protected]

6. EDUCATION : BSc(Hons) in Biotechnology, 2018, University of Nottingham Malaysia

7. OTHER TRAINING : Certificate 2 in Customs Studies Course

8. LANGUAGE & DEGREE OF : Speaking Writing Reading PROFICIENCY English Excellent Excellent Excellent Dhivehi Excellent Excellent Excellent

9. MEMBERSHIP IN CIVIL, SOCIAL : Member of Women in Tech, Maldives AND PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES

10. COUNTRIES OF WORK : Maldives EXPERIENCE

11. EMPLOYMENT RECORD :

DURATION January 2019 to present EMPLOYER Fenaka Cooperation ltd POSITION HELD AND Engineer

DESCRIPTION OF DUTIES Managing Water Quality Testing

DURATION November 2014 – August 2015 EMPLOYER Maldives Customs POSITION HELD AND Officer Grade (II)

DESCRIPTION OF DUTIES -

Page (1) Curriculum Vitae of SUMA KHALID MOHAMED

12. RELEVANT WORK EXPERIENCE

Project Name : EIA for Powerhouse Relocation in F.Bilehdhoo, M.Veyvah, M.Naalaafushi, and L.Maamendhoo Employer : FENAKA Date : September 2019 to December 2019 Duties/Tasks : Stakeholder consultations and surveying

Project Name : EIA for Powerhouse Relocation in GA.Maamendhoo, GA.Nilandhoo, GDh.Thinadhoo (Ongoing) Employer : FENAKA Date : December 2019 to Present Duties/Tasks : Stakeholder consultations, surveying, and report writing

Project Name : EIA for Powerhouse Relocation in L.Kunahandhoo, GDh.Gahdhoo, and GDh.Nadella (Ongoing) Employer : FENAKA Date : December 2019 to Present Duties/Tasks : Stakeholder consultations, surveying, and report writing

13. FAMILIER WITH FOLLOWING TOOLS, EQUIPMENTS & MACHINERIES

SURVEY EQUIPMENTS : Graywolf Advanced Sense pro Environmental Monitor

Page (2) 28 APPENDIX O- ATOLL COUNCIL RECEIPT

120

Aishath Alhan

From: Aishath Alhan Sent: Tuesday, June 9, 2020 12:50 PM To: '[email protected]' Cc: '[email protected]'; 'Mahfooz AbdullWahhab' Subject: EIA for powerhouse relocation in GA.Maamendhoo, GA.Nilandhoo, and GDh.Thinadhoo

Please find attached the onedrive link for EIA for powerhouse relocation in GA.Maamendhoo, GA.Nilandhoo and GDh.Thinadhoo https://fenaka- my.sharepoint.com/:b:/g/personal/aishath_alhan_fenaka_mv/ERdMqoLyb8pPt3kLz2wA55UBnZ8OiqOkXyWjbOTkfW 8Dcw?e=tPEdpc

Best Regards,

Aishath Alhan Hameed Surveyor | Water, Sewerage and Environment Department Fenaka Corporation Limited,7th Floor,Port Complex Building Hilaalee Magu, Male' 20307, Republic of Maldives Telephone: +960 3018256

1 Aishath Alhan

From: Aishath Alhan Sent: Tuesday, June 9, 2020 12:52 PM To: '[email protected]' Cc: '[email protected]'; 'Mahfooz AbdullWahhab' Subject: EIA for powerhouse relocation in GA.Maamendhoo, GA.Nilandhoo and GDh.Thinadhoo

Best Regards,