Editor: Kathleen M. Barry

Volume 46 Autumn 2016 Number 1

Fifty Years of History Trails: Highlights from a Half-Century of Stories Tracing County History

Different mastheads, 1966 to present. History Trails Archive, HSBC Collections.

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INTRODUCTION

With this issue of History Trails, we are proudly Founding Publication Committee, 1966-1971: marking the journal’s fiftieth anniversary with some reflections on its history and highlights from issues Myrtle S. Eckhardt (Chair), Eva A. Akehurst, past. September of 1966 brought the first edition of Bertha Bland, Dr. Mary S. Braun, E. Bennett History Trails by the Publication Committee of the Bowen, Mrs. T. Newell Cox, Edwin Gontrum, Baltimore County Historical Society. In the fifty Jennie E. Jessop, and Mr. and Mrs. Carroll E. years since, History Trails has changed with the Saumenig times in many ways. But it has consistently offered Acknowledgement is also due to: readers fact-filled journeys through the history of Mrs. George Gompf (typist, 1966-1971) Baltimore County and its people, places, properties, and organizations. Whether tackling local stories of Editor, 1971-1973: war, industry, agriculture, sport, or commerce, or Robert David Williams excerpting amusing tidbits from nineteenth-century newspapers, History Trails has been a steady source Editors, 1974-1977: of edification and engagement. It is truly among the John W. McGrain and Robert W. Barnes most important and enduring of the Historical

Society’s contributions to preserving, interpreting, Editors, 1977-2008: and promoting Baltimore County history. History Trails could not have reached its fiftieth John W. McGrain and William Hollifield* anniversary without the volunteer contributors and editors who have provided content and made Layout and Editing, 2008-2010: publication possible over five decades. We offer our Adam J. Youssi and Ann Blouse sincerest thanks to the many who have worked on History Trails since its inception. While not all Editor, 2010-2016: contributors and editors have been named over the Adam J. Youssi years, we are nonetheless grateful to all. The following are some who have played particularly important roles in the journal’s history:

*A special note of appreciation is due to John McGrain and William Hollifield. Both not only served as longtime editors of History Trails, but have also been generous contributors. John McGrain in particular has been the author of scores of articles before, during, and after his thirty four-year tenure as editor. They, more than anyone, deserve credit for the success and endurance of History Trails. Many thanks!

William Hollifield and John McGrain, ca. 1973. Gift from Alice Martin, HSBC Collections.

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HIGHLIGHTS

The following are summaries with excerpts of History Trails articles that stood out to us as we reviewed the many interesting articles since 1966. Some highlight the work of the Historical Society, while others focus on topics of enduring general interest, such as place names and “ghost towns.” All are articles that struck us as particularly apt examples of the appealing topics and careful research that have defined History Trails over the years. We hope you enjoy them. —Tom Graf, President of the Board of Directors of the Historical Society, and Kathleen Barry, current editor and Executive Director of the Historical Society Gorsuch Tavern, 15910 York Rd. at Ensor Mill Rd., built by Joshua Gorsuch as an inn, ca. 1812. Photographed in      1974. P000432, HSBC Collections.

“History Markers,” September 1966 (Vol. 1, No. heart’s content amid the latest importations 1). The inaugural issue of History Trails described of fine fabrics, frocks, hats, shawls, HSBC’s effort to identify and erect Baltimore perfumes, jewelry, as well as tea, coffee and County historical markers. Initiated by local sugar - additional luxuries. Historical Societies in 1930, the State Road Commission launched a statewide roadside      marker program in 1933, with responsibility now under the Maryland Historical Trust. Approximately “Origin of Names,” June 1967 (Vol. 1, No. 4). 800 markers have been erected on Maryland The fourth issue of History Trails explained the roadways, with over seventy located in Baltimore origins of many of Baltimore County’s place names. County. “Even though sources may not always agree, even Among the markers erected by HSBC was a sign though some findings may not be absolutely recognizing the location of the Gorsuch Tavern, authentic, nevertheless, the attempt to find how built in 1810, and a popular gathering place in some of our place names originated can become a northern Baltimore County. The article noted: bit of interesting research.” The article discussed the origins of local place names under thematic Strategically located on the York Road, the headings: “From Our Indian Heritage” (the tavern was a busy place. It catered to the Chesapeake, the Patapsco, the Sweathouse Road); teamsters and shippers who brought huge “From Large Landholdings” (Sweet Air, My Lady’s grain shipments from the rich Manor); “From the Pages of History” (Relay, farms to the north and hauled them on to Harrisonville, Fort Howard, Pulaski Highway); Baltimore Town for export. Stories abound “From Industry” (Owings Mills, Dundalk); “From about the genial hospitality of the host and Other Lands” (Perry Hall, Hereford); “From Family his helpers, the good food and lodging, and Names” (Parkton, Kingsville); “From the a bar that offered the finest of local and Geography of the Area” (Fork, White Marsh, Green imported beverages. Then, too, there was Spring Valley, Long Green Valley); “From Famous the well-stocked store for the ladies of the Old Inns” (Johnnycake Road, Wiseburg/Weisburg); countryside where they could shop to their and “From the Unusual” (Glyndon, English

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Consul). Offering a final list of local names that acre site to furrier and developer Mano Swartz for might provoke curiosity, the article explained, $43,000 at auction. Lacking indoor toilets, the remaining houses were polluting Loch Raven Black Rock, White House, Greystone, Blue Reservoir and in the 1980’s the village was sold Mount, Beaver Dam, Cub Hill, Featherbed again. It was renovated/rebuilt and is now the Lane, Devil’s Backbone, Frog Pond, Turkey development you can see today adjacent to the Point, Bear Creek and Maiden Choice are Western Run. among the quaint old names of the county which incite interest in their origin. More or less descriptive in nature, many of the above were assigned for quite obvious reasons. Buzzards’ Glory, near Grave Run, was so named (according to a story that is told) because several old men in the neighborhood sat on a nearby fence every morning to enjoy a bit of gossip. One of the disapproving housewives remarked “look at the old buzzards sitting there wasting time.” The name Buzzards’ Glory followed and has stuck ever since. Joppa Town historic marker (now in Harford County). “In the selection of names for towns, villages, This site was the county seat of Baltimore County from valleys, streams, and roadways,” the article 1712-1768. P001535, HSBC Collections. concluded, “Baltimore Countians, over the years, have shown consistently a keen appreciation for the Joppa was an early settlement and shipping port, fine natural, historical and cultural background with serving as the county seat of Baltimore County in which they were favored.” the mid-1700’s. Joppa was blessed with a wide harbor, ample water power, and a thriving social      center. “Dances, horse races, exciting trials, lively elections, punishment by pillory, whipping posts, Jennie E. Jessop, “Ghost Towns of Baltimore and gallows tree were part of everyday life.” But County,” December 1969 (Vol. 4, No. 2). This little of it remains today: issue explored the history of Baltimore County’s ghost towns, such as Hoffmanville and Marblevale. Why did this settlement which gave so much Warren was a busy textile mill town with nearly promise in the beginning days of Maryland’s 1,000 residents in the mid-1800’s, until business history, lose its prestige and gradually declined and Baltimore’s need for a stable water become an abandoned city? Marsh land supply led to the village’s sale and eventual filled up what was once Joppa’s excellent flooding after the second Loch Raven dam was harbor, for the clearing of timber from the constructed in 1922 (note: History Trails revisited surrounding area brought down tons of mud Warren in Vol 39, No. 4). Ashland was the site of and silt to the river’s mouth. Malaria and an an around-the-clock iron works, with three active epidemic of small pox took their toll causing furnaces and houses nearby for more than 200 many to seek new homes. In 1768 the county skilled artisans and unskilled laborers. Following a seat was moved from Joppa to Baltimore - a major fire in 1880 and facing declining demand for deathblow to the town on the Gunpowder. pig iron, the machinery was moved to Sparrows For these reasons Joppa became a deserted Point and the Ashland iron works were closed. The village dwindling down through the years to village remained, but the city sold the thirty four- one building known as the Rumsey Mansion

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and to one grave stone with an epitaph to Harford County; and in 1836, Carroll County (note: David McCulloch, dated 1766. The mansion other sources may give slightly different dates). and the grave-stone are the sole reminders Baltimore County’s borders shrank further to of the vanished glory of old Joppa Towne. their present size with the expansion of its former county seat, Baltimore City, which was officially      separated from the County in 1851 by a revised state constitution. “Baltimore County Territorial Changes: 1659- 1919,” Winter 1972-1973 (Vol. 7, No. 2). “At one The city of Baltimore, beginning in 1816, time,” this brief article explained, “Baltimore began to expand its boundaries—first County embraced the entire northern part of the area northward to Boundary Avenue (now North of Maryland from the Patapsco on the West to the Avenue). (The line was along the north side Chester River on the Eastern Shore.” Illustrated of the street including the front steps but not with a map (reprinted below), it noted how the houses on that side!) [sic] then again in Baltimore County lost territory successively to 1888 annexing to the west and again adjacent counties. Those counties included: in 1674, northward taking in an additional seventeen Cecil County; in 1726, Anne Arundel County (parts square miles and another 35,980 people. of which later became Howard County); in 1773,

Baltimore County boundaries: 1959-1973. Boundary lines wandered up and down the country. At one time the boundary line between Pennsylvania and Maryland was thought to be above (Dash line at top was original Maryland Charter Boundary-1632) and at another time below Baltimore. A dispute between the Penns and the Calverts was finally settled by the employing of two English surveyors, Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon. In four years (1763-1767) they, together with a forty man brush-cutting crew and a few local Indians established the north-south line between Maryland and what is now Delaware and the east-west line between Maryland and Pennsylvania. The shaded area indicates Baltimore County territory in 1659. Baltimore City was also included in Baltimore County until 1851. Drawings by David Williams. Map and caption from History Trails, Vol. 7, No. 2, History Trails Archive, HSBC Collections.

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In 1918, the City claimed an additional fifty square miles and 100,000 residents. However, “Citizen complaints of excessive annexation and other problems eventually caused a law to be passed in 1948 forbidding further annexations except by consent of the voters in the area affected.” Baltimore County’s boundaries have not seen any major changes since the city’s last annexation in 1918.

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William Hollifield, “The Baltimore County Historical Society of 1886,” Summer 1977 (Vol. 11, No. 4). Although the current iteration of the Baltimore County Historical Society was founded in 1959, this issue tells the story of the first Historical Society, organized in 1886 by the Rev. Dr. John G. Morris (the founder of Lutherville). Rev. Morris John Gottlieb Morris (1803-1895). Oil on canvas by wrote a letter to the Baltimore County Union Oscar Hallwig, ca. 1895. Courtesy of the Maryland newspaper and proposed these objectives: Historical Society, Item ID #1896.4.3.

1. To collect and preserve all old records of floating about as traditionary [sic] stories historic value which are now lying in and many of which are founded on truth. obscurity and liable to be exterminated by These could be identified from the old conflagration, mildew, the depredations of church records, and many facts could be vermin or natural decay. There must be a gathered from some of our oldest number of old families in our county who inhabitants, but especially from the doubtless have such old papers stowed away newspapers of the olden time, which are rich in antiquated trunks and barrels, or sources of local information. neglected cupboards, which have not been disturbed for years. They would be glad to Dr. Morris invited enterprising gentlemen as have them saved from destruction by well as “ladies and the more advanced pupils of our presenting them to a historical society which school” to join. More than twenty county residents would carefully keep and properly value (all men) responded. The first regular meeting was them. held in Towson in January 1886. The last recorded 2. To perpetuate the history of persons of meeting was held in Lutherville in May 1886. It is the olden time, who have distinguished assumed that the society disbanded at about that themselves in any position of life, and whose time. As Dr. Morris summarized his experience, “In deeds should not be suffered to be forgotten January, 1886, a few of us founded a Baltimore or unrecorded. County Historical Society at Towson, Md, of which 3. There are not a few places in our county I was chosen President. It was composed of very associated with interesting historical events, few members, and no interest whatever could be which are as yet indistinctly known, and excited in the subject, and the Society soon became which should be thoroughly investigated and extinct.” brought to light. 4. There is a multitude of isolated historical      facts of deep historical interest which are

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John W. McGrain, “The Presidents in Baltimore County, Parts 1-3,” Summer, Autumn, Winter 1987 (Vol. 21, No. 4, Vol. 22, Nos. 1-2). At the beginning of this three-part series, Mr. McGrain explained that he has been collecting random mentions of presidential visits to Baltimore County for years, aspiring to create a comprehensive list including every president. Hence this article, which covers every president to have served until the time of writing. “When no incursion into the county could be proved,” he explained, “visits to Baltimore City have been listed as the next best thing. Only after the development of the helicopter, could a president skip over the county and land inside the confines of Charm City.” As a final point he added, “While this article may not be a contribution to learning, it is at least a tour de force and a bit of fun, or is intended to be.” So what did all those Presidents of the United States do while in Baltimore County (or City)? The Chromolithograph picture of , ca. earliest presidents dined and lodged in local inns. 1884, unsigned. 1962.13.02, HSBC Collections. President Monroe visited Fort McHenry and the visited the private stately homes at Montebello and Battle Monument in 1817. President John Quincy Clifton. President Garfield had the misfortune of Adams walked in the funeral procession of John passing through via train three times in illness and Eager Howard in 1827, one of many visits. then posthumously in 1881, after being shot by an President Jackson enjoyed the first-ever assassin on July 2 and eventually dying on presidential train trip on the B&O in 1833. September 19. Again, in 1901, locals turned out to Subsequent presidents availed themselves of the pay respects to an assassinated president: thriving local rail system, and several were brought to Baltimore, among other cities, to lie in state. A number of citizens of Towson and vicinity President Franklin Pierce, accompanied by General went to Sherwood, Northern Central Jefferson Davis, greeted a city crowd of some Railway, to see the funeral train bearing the 100,000 in 1853, while President-elect James body of President McKinley from Buffalo to Buchanan passed through almost unnoticed en Washington, D.C. The casket was on a route to his inauguration in 1857. raised bier covered with an American flag, President Lincoln traveled through repeatedly, in full view of the many thousands who including on his historic visit to Gettysburg. He gathered along the lines of route to view the came on April 18, 1864 to open the Maryland State funeral train. Fair for the Benefit of the Sanitary and Christian Commission. The following year, after his As travel became easier in the twentieth century, assassination, Lincoln’s funeral train passed presidents paid more frequent visits to the through the city and “ground slowly through Baltimore area for ceremonial events, political northern Baltimore County, where crowds of campaigning and other various reasons. President people turned out at Lutherville, Phoenix, and Coolidge, however, failed to appear at the opening Monkton.” of the Fair of the Iron Horse in Halethorpe on 1927 In 1876, President Grant attended (marking the centennial of the B&O) as the local commencement at the Notre Dame Institute, where press had predicted. In attendance instead was his niece was a student, and, in a subsequent trip, future president Herbert Hoover, then Secretary of

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Commerce. President Franklin Roosevelt visited Martha A. Hendrickson, “The Montebello Middle River in 1940 to see construction of Water Filtration Plant: Clean Water for City & bombers at the Glenn L. Martin plant. After his Suburb Alike,” Summer 2012 (Vol. 43, Nos. 3-4). death, Roosevelt’s body crossed eastern Baltimore Baltimore’s water system serves as a foundation to County on the , on the first the city and county’s growth, stability, safety, and electric-powered funeral train. Only a few weeks health. In the late nineteenth century, our city before, then-Vice President Harry Truman planners recognized the essential need for a clean addressed the Maryland Historical Society on and plentiful water supply and a reliable sewage Maryland Day, March 25, 1945. Truman later system. The great fire of 1904 created an visited Alto Dale in Reisterstown and appeared at opportunity to rebuild large portions of the city and the Pikesville Armory in 1958. Presidents install underground water, sanitary, and storm Eisenhower and Kennedy, traveling by helicopter, sewerage pipes and modernize the system for the were the first to visit the city without setting foot in city and county. The Montebello Water Filtration the county, though Kennedy had previously visited Plant, drawing water from Loch Raven Reservoir, Towson and Pikesville while campaigning in 1960. was completed in 1915. It received universal Whatever else we might say about President acclaim for its contributions to the public’s health Nixon, he is the only US president to have worked and well-being, and is still in use today. in Baltimore County. He oversaw government The Baltimore Water Board selected James W. contracts at Glenn L. Martin in 1944-1945. Among Armstrong to design the plant and head the other visits, Nixon and his wife attended the Filtration Division. Armstrong had extensive wedding of his Vice-President Spiro T. Agnew’s training in design, engineering, and architecture daughter at Towson Presbyterian in 1969. President and spent formative years involved in the design Ford kicked off a year of bicentennial celebrations and construction of the water at Fort McHenry on July 4, 1975. President filtration plant. After consulting for other plants Reagan, the current office holder at the time of the around the country, Armstrong came to Baltimore article’s appearance in 1987, had not set foot on to work on the Montebello project. Construction of County soil, though he had thrown out the first the plant begin in 1913 and opening ceremonies pitch at an Orioles’ game and visited Fort were held during the celebration of Defenders Day McHenry. in September 1915. The Morning Sun wrote:

Taxpayers who like to see how their contributions to the city’s maintenance are spent will have an opportunity to do so if they are present at 11’ o’clock this morning when Mayor Preston formally turns on the water at the great filtration plant that will henceforth purify Baltimore’s water supply. A view of this interesting and intricate bit of mechanism will make the taxpayer realize that the $5,000,000 water plant is a big asset and something he can be proud of when telling his friends in other cities of the Celebration at Fort McHenry, June 14, 1986, advantages of Baltimore. The filtered water with President and Mrs. Reagan, Governor Hughes and Senator Mathias, among others. Photographed by White is now going into every home and the House photographer. P003014, HSBC Collections. unpalatable water of the past soon will be a memory only.

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Loch Raven Dam under construction, 1921. P009084, HSBC Collections.

The Montebello Plant became known nationally The third Baltimore County Almshouse, the for its architectural design and engineering Upland Home, was built to serve county residents achievements, and was widely featured in following the city-county separation in 1851. newspapers and engineering journals. Visitors County Commissioners purchased the land in came from around the world to view the Texas, Maryland from Dr. John Galloway in 1870, construction (which could only be appreciated the County appropriated $60,000 for the while it was being built, since much would be construction of the building, and construction was underground during operation). Armstrong led the completed in 1874. reported: filtration division for twenty-five years, continuing his significant contributions to the quality of our The new Baltimore county almshouse, a fine water supply: completing designs for raising the stone building, three stories high, with attic, Loch Raven Dam, designing a second Montebello situated five miles beyond Towsontown, on Plant, developing the designs for the Prettyboy the Northern Central railroad, has been Dam, and proposing locations for the Liberty Dam. fully completed. Yesterday the inmates of the old structure, seventy-two in number,      comprising forty-four males, twenty-eight females and eighteen colored persons, were Patrick Cutter, “When No One Else Cared: The removed to the new building by A. Cole, the Story of the Upland Home, the Third and Last superintendent of the institution. Several Baltimore County Almshouse,” Autumn 2013 insane people of the county, from the State (Vol. 44, No. 2). Almshouses were charitable hospital at Catonsville are also to be placed homes for the elderly, poor and sick, unable to care in the new quarters shortly. for themselves, and people deemed “insane” with no other family to care for them. Maryland first The Upland Home was a self-sustaining farm, established support for relief and aid in 1768, with with a range of livestock and gardens and orchards, Baltimore County passing Chapter 30 in 1775 to supported by mentally and physically fit inmates. If provide “good, strong, sufficient and convenient unable to provide physical labor, inmates were houses, habitations and dwellings for the reception assigned duties within the house such as tailoring, of the poor of said county, and of such vagrants, cooking, cleaning, and even babysitting for the beggars, vagabonds and other offenders.” superintendent’s children. The farm produced

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or those with no family or money were buried.

In the 1890’s, some residents began to move to specialized facilities, such as the Sheppard and Hospital. Most of the remaining inmates were elderly and those suffering from dementia. Improved health care and social services continued in the twentieth century, and with the rise in nursing homes, the Almshouse population steadily decreased until costs exceeded the value to the county. In 1958, the third Baltimore County Almshouse was closed. The 280 acres surrounding the farm were divided and the main building was

The Almshouse (with unidentified visitors or staff) before allocated to other County services, such as the a major fire on Dec. 31, 1918, destroyed the original Farm Bureau, the 4-H Club, and the Civil Defense façade seen here. P009107.02, HSBC Collections. Hospital Unit. In 1959, it began serving as the home for the newly incorporated Baltimore County revenue and supplies for the Almshouse and the Historical Society. county.

Inmates were placed in the Almshouse for a      variety of reasons:

Teri Rising, “United by Service: The African [D]estitution, epilepsy, paralysis, measles, American Fraternal Organizations of Winters consumption, “feeble mindedness,” insanity, Lane,” Spring 2014 (Vol. 44, No. 3). In the dysentery, neuralgia, fistula, ulcers, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, American remittent fever, burns, heart trouble, fraternal organizations offered fellowship, “imbecility,” dropsy, old age, crippled community, and status. Typical members were limbs, stomach troubles, deafness, muteness, white, middle-class men, although the wealthy and and blindness. The records kept by the working class participated. When African almshouse share a large selection of American men sought the same benefits, they were “symptoms” that could warrant one’s turned away from joining the existing lodges and internment in the almshouse. Some unlucky established their own organizations, attuned to their individuals only went there in death, and needs and communities. This issue describes the were subsequently buried in “Pauper’s growth of the African American fraternal Field,” the unmarked gravesite in the back organizations in the Winters Lane area of of the property where unknown individuals Catonsville.

The Almshouse in 1962, front view (west side), with two staff houses to left that no longer exist. P002025, HSBC Collections.

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Until the Great Depression, fraternal lodges among African Americans were the most popular community institution, “no other organization, except the church, could boast of reaching into the masses of the Negro population and at the same time into the middle class.” White orders made several attempts to legally challenge the legitimacy of certain African American organizations, but the legal fight mounted by the targeted membership was not only for their right to organize but also as a matter of racial pride. Winters Lane, 2015. Landmark Lodge No. 40 is the building The African American community in with the projecting entryway with hipped roof. Photo by Catonsville generally resided in the Winters Lane Evart Cornell, HSBC Staff Files. area, beginning with former slaves settling in the northern end and the establishment of a “colored” The African Lodge’s rejection by white school at the southern end. By 1910, over seventy- Freemasons highlighted the dual standard five percent of Catonsville’s African Americans that existed in the United States at the time. lived on Winters Lane and adjacent streets. The In 1795, Samuel Dexter, a merchant period between 1870 and 1910 has been called the and patriot, noted the irony of the situation, “Golden Age of Fraternalism” and so it was in the “in Boston there is a lodge of free and Winters Lane community, which became home to accepted Masons, the brethren of which are several fraternal organizations including the negroes... they cannot be denied without Freemasons, the Odd Fellows, and the Elks. violating the spirit and design of the institution.” Freemasonry quickly spread As the neighborhood grew so did the need among African American males in New for civic institutions. The lodge building and into other urban centers on the itself was very important and became the east coast. Prince Hall would go on to central location for the secret rituals, distinguish himself as an important figure recitations and social activities that went that used the structure and idealism of along with the organization. Due to the Freemasonry as a basis for his public voice. popularity of fraternal organizations in that In 1797, Hall delivered what is considered era, the need for lodge space was great. to be the earliest publicly recorded anti- slavery address by an African American. The Landmark Lodge No. 40 of Free and Accepted Masons, established in 1904, is located Although most of the Winters Lane lodges have on 48 ½ Winters Lane. Most African American disbanded due to loss of members, the Landmark Freemasons are affiliated with the Prince Hall Lodge No. 40 remains active, and is the only Prince Grand Lodge, considered the oldest continuous Hall-affiliated lodge meeting in Baltimore County. African American institution in the United States. Prince Hall, a free craftsman in Boston, founded      the first African American Freemason lodge in 1775. White Freemasons would not grant a charter to Hall; the lodge remained provisional until 1785 when the Grand Lodge of England granted a permanent charter.

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History Trails is a publication of the Images Except where otherwise noted, the images included in this issue are from the photograph collections of the Historical Society of Baltimore County. With some 8,000 items, the photograph STEWARDS OF THE PAST collections are a rich resource for exploring local FOR THE PRESENT AND FUTURE history. For more information, please call or email the Society (contact information below).

Board of Directors Submissions Tom Graf, President While the subject matter of History Trails has Dale Kirchner, Vice President traditionally focused on local concerns, we are H. David Delluomo, CPA, Treasurer interested in expanding its scope into new areas. For Len Kennedy, Secretary example, where one article might focus on a single Phyllis Bailey historic building, person, or event in the county, Scott Batton others may develop and defend a historic argument, Brian Cooper compare and contrast Baltimore County topics to Evart ‘Bud’ Cornell other locales, or tie seemingly confined local topics Geraldine Diamond to larger events. John Gasparini Articles abiding by the Manual of Style John Gontrum Documentary Note (or Humanities) system will be Jeff Higdon given priority. For an abbreviated guide to Chicago- Sarah Koch style citations, see Kate L. Turabian’s A Manual for Jim Long Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Mike McCarthy Dissertations (University of Chicago Press, 2007; Larry Trainor http://www.press.uchicago.edu/books/turabian/turab Donna Tyree ian_citationguide.html). Vicki Young Digital and/or hard copies of articles may be submitted to the attention of the History Trails Honorary Board editor at the address below. E-mailed and digital copies are preferred. Louis Diggs Dr. Robert Dubel Hon. Adrienne Jones The Historical Society of

Baltimore County 9811 Van Buren Lane Find us on social media: Cockeysville, MD 21030 (Phone) 410-666-1878 (Web) www.hsobc.org (Email) [email protected]