Arctoa (2007) 16: 35-46

THE BRYOPHYTES OF THE SOUTHERN CURONIAN SPIT (BALTIC SEA COAST) МОХООБРАЗНЫЕ ЮГА КУРШСКОЙ КОСЫ (БАЛТИЙСКОЕ ПОБЕРЕЖЬЕ) CHRISTIAN DOLNIK1 & MAXIM G. NAPREENKO2 ХРИСТИАН ДОЛЬНИК1, МАКСИМ Г. Н АПРЕЕНКО2

Abstract

We present a first overview of the bryophyte flora of the Russian part of the Curonian Spit as part of the Kaliningrad Province, Baltic Sea region. Based on more than ten years of field investigation, herbarium revisions and literature studies, a total of 223 taxa of bryophytes are recorded, of which 203 species, one subspecies and three varieties were found within the past 30 years and 15 species are known only from old literature quotations. Bryum elegans, B. klinggraeffii, Dicranum tauricum, Ephemerum minutissimum, Rhynchostegium megapolitanum and Schistidium crassipilum are recorded as new for the territory of the Kaliningrad Province. We give comments on main habitats and distribution of all species and additional notes on invasive and rare species.

Резюме

На основе обработки и анализа бриологических материалов, собранных в ходе десятилетнего полевого исследования в национальном парке «Куршская коса» (южная часть, относящаяся к Калининградской области РФ), а также с учётом ревизии литературных и гербарных данных впервые после 1945 г. приводится список мохообразных для данной территории, отнесённой к объектам всемирного наследия ЮНЕСКО. Список насчитывает 223 вида и внутривидовых таксонов из всех трёх классов отдела Bryophyta, из которых 203 вида, 1 подвид и 3 формы найдены за последние 30 лет; 15 видов известны только по старым литературным источникам. Виды Bryum elegans, B. klinggraeffii, Dicranum tauricum, Ephemerum minutissimum, Rhynchostegium megapolitanum и Schistidium crassipilum являются новыми для Калининградской области. Список снабжён комментариями о распространении видов и основных местообитаниях, а для адвентивных и редких видов – дополнительными примечаниями.

INTRODUCTION Kaliningrad Province, the Northern part belongs The Curonian Spit is an unique natural area to the Lithuanian Neringa National Park. Since where a number of picturesque landscapes are sit- 2000 the Curonian Spit became an area of uated on a rather small territory. It is a 98 km long UNESCO World Natural Heritage. and 0.4 to 4 km broad sand barrier at the South- There are only few and scattered literature data Eastern part of the Baltic Sea coast (Fig. 1). The about the bryophytes of the area cited in a mono- geographical range is between 54°57’N, 20°29’E graph about bryophytes of Prussia by Dietzow near the town Zelenogradsk and 55°43.3’N, (1938). Most records are from a small raised bog 21°05.7’E near the town Klaipeda. The Southern near the town Zelenogradsk, known as ‘Cranzer part of the Curonian Spit belongs to the Russian Moor’ or ‘Schwendlunder Moor’ in the Eastern National Park “Kurschskaya Kosa” (6621 ha), Prussian periode or as todays Svinoye boloto. This

1 – Department of Landscape Ecology, Ecology Centre Kiel University, Olshausenstr. 4, D-24098 Kiel, Germany 2 – Department of Botany and Plant Ecology, Immanuel Kant State University of Russia, Universitetskaja str. 2, 236040 Kaliningrad, Russia 36 CHRISTIAN DOLNIK & MAXIM G. NAPREENKO Ô

Fig. 1. Study area. bog was famous in Eastern Prussia for records of old podsols southwards of Lesnoye (old Kings Splachnum ampullaceum and Odontoschisma Forest Sarkauer Wald). Northward of Lesnoye soil sphagni and visited by bryologists like H. Groß, development started only within the last 150 years H. Preuß, H. Steffen, H. Gams, E. Boehm, G. Führ- when after the anthropogenic forest destruction er, K. Koppe, C. Konopka, L. Dietzow, E. Weber of the 18th and 19th century the drifting dunes where and W. Benrath. Only recently the bryological stabilised with pine plantations and pioneer grass- studies in the area were continued by records of land vegetation (Paul, 1944). The pH of soil of Sphagnum species by Napreenko & Razguljaje- drifting dunes is 6.5 to 7.0 and the thin Ah-hori- va (1999) or the confirmation of Odontoschisma zon layer in open grasslands has still a pH be- sphagni by Potemkin (1998) and new records of tween 5.5 and 6.5. Only in older pine forests with the invasive bryophytes Orthodontium lineare and developed podsol soils southward of Lesnoye and Campylopus introflexus for Russia (Razgulyaeva in old plantations around Rybachy pH of the Ae- & al. 2001). After extensive studies of the bog, horizon falls down between 3.0 to 4.0. forest, dune and ruderal vegetation (Dolnik, 2003) The climate is strongly influenced by the Bal- and several field excursions, we present the first tic Sea and characterised by mild summer (aver- list of all bryophytes found in the area of the South- age July temperature 17°C) and mild winter (av- ern Curonian Spit. erage January temperature –3°C) and a high an- INVESTIGATION AREA nual precipitation of 643 mm (Motiejûnaitë et al., Main habitats for bryophytes on the Curonian 1998). Spit are forest plantations (71%) of Pinus sylves- METHODS AND NOMENCLATURE tris L., Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn., Alnus inca- The nomenclature for mosses follows Hill & na (L.) Moench., Betula pendula Roth, Betula pu- al. (2006), for hornworts and liverworts Grolle & bescens Ehrh., Populus tremula L., Picea abies Long (2000) with additions for the Lophozia ven- (L.) Karst., Pinus mugo var. rotundata (Link) tricosa group in Bakalin (2001). For determina- Hoopes, Pinus mugo var. rostrata (Ant.) Gord., tion we used the keys of Savicz-Lyubitskaya & Pinus nigra Arnold and Pinus banksiana Lamb., Smirnova (1968, 1970); Melnichuk (1970); Smith dry grasslands on sand and drifting dunes, a 250 (1978); Nyholm (1986, 1989, 1993, 1998); Frahm ha peatbog (Cranzer Moor), and the villages Les- & Frey (1992), Frey & al. (1995), Dierßen (1996); noye (Sarkau), Rybachy (Rossitten) and Morskoye Paton (1999); Nebel & Philippi (2000, 2001); Ig- (Pillkoppen). Old broad-leaved forest with Quer- natov & Ignatova (2003, 2004). cus robur L., Fraxinus excelsior L., Acer pla- Specimens of all found species are placed in tanoides L., Acer pseudoplatanus L., Ulmus lae- the Herbarium of the Immanuel Kant State Uni- vis Pall., Tilia cordata Mill., Carpinus betulus L. versity of Russia (Kaliningrad). and Corylus avellana L. are northward of the town Most data were collected during geobotanical Zelenogradsk and southward of Rybachy. field investigations of the authors in the years 1998 The spit was formed in the post glacial period to 2005. Several records are based on 130 geo- (Paul, 1944). Due to several periods of aeolic sand botanical relevés published in Dolnik (2003). Lo- accumulation the soils of the area are rather young. cation of the geobotanical investigation sites as The oldest soil surfaces are few thousand years well as sites of single gatherings are given by the The bryophytes of the Southern Curonian Spit 37 number of the 174 forest management units of the Two other localities, one southwards of Lesnoye forest districts “Zoloty’ye Dyuny”, or Rybachy (R) and another one northwards of Rybachy are men- and Zelenogradsk (Z). The size of such units var- tioned in Razgulyajeva & al. (2001). ies between 12 and 297 ha. Forest district Rybachy CHANGES IN BRYOPHYTE VEGETATION starts at the border to Lithuania (1R) and ends at About half of the species were not recorded road kilometre 28.5 (83R) and includes the non from the Spit before, but according to Dietzow forested village districts Morskoye (84R) and Ry- (1938) most of them were common in the region bachy (85R). Forest district Zelenogradsk starts at and probably also occurred on the Curonian Spit. road km 28.5 (1Z) and ends at the beginning of the We can refer changes in the bryophyte vegetation spit with forestry units 76/77Z northwards of the only to the raised bog ‘Cranzer Moor’ (‘Svinoye grave yard of Zelenogradsk. For administrative rea- boloto’), because only there the bryophytes were sons the bog and mire at the Curonian Lagoon near studied in detail before. Continuous melioration Zelenogradsk (units 78Z to 89 Z) belong to the for- of the bog in the 20th century and afforestation of est district Pionerskij. At the moment the raised bog areas with former peat digging as well as repeat- is not a part of the National Park. ed fires reduced the open raised bog from 150 to No location is given for common species with about 55 ha. The former dominance of Sphagnum more than 10 records in the whole area. These fuscum with S. magellanicum and S. fallax (Groß, species can surely be found as well in other suit- 1914) changed to a dominance of S. rubellum with able areas of the Curonian Spit. S. fallax and S. magellanicum and a vegetation INVASIVE BRYOPHYTES ORTHODONTIUM cover of Calluna vulgaris of 60-70%. Only 5 tiny LINEARE AND CAMPYLOPUS INTROFLEXUS ON patches of Sphagnum fuscum were rediscovered in THE CURONIAN SPIT 2001 after intensive seeking. If the process of me- Since Orthodontium lineare (in 1990) and lioration and frequent burning continues, the spe- Campylopus introflexus (in 2000) were collected on cies will become extinct soon. The peat moss S. the Curonian Spit for the first time in Russia (Razgu- imbricatum was already rare at the beginning of lyaeva et al. 2001), we collected more information the 20th century, recorded by Groß (1914), Diet- about the distribution of these species in the area. zow and Boehm in Dietzow (1938) and can be con- Orthodontium is a widespread species in pine sidered as extinct now. According to the peat ana- plantations. It is most common on humus litter and lysis of Benrath (1934), S. imbricatum is the main trunk bases in young pine plantations around the peat moss within the upper peat layer. Recent in- raised bog ‘Svinoye Boloto’ (forestry units 82Z, vestigations by Napreenko in 2003 showed anoth- 83Z, 84Z), where it grows also on rotten wood or er dominance peak in peat depths of 4 m. epiphytic on bark. It was also found scattered in Also some other bryophytes were not found forests southwards of Lesnoye (48Z, 59Z) and near any more. Splachnum ampullaceum, recorded by Rybachy (38R, 52R, 64R). Groß (1914) on elk’s dung, is probably extinct A large population of Campylopus introflexus now, although elks are still common in the area. was discovered in 2001 in a forest gap of a Pinus Other probably extinct bryophytes of the raised mugo-plantation on Müllers dune near Rybachy bog are Calliergon stramineum, Polytrichum (leg. C. Dolnik, 2001, LE and Hb. Im. Kant Univ., longisetum, recorded by Preuß (1912), Jamsoniel- 55°08.88’N, 20°48.66’E, 50 m southwards of old la autumnalis, Gymnocolea inflata, Sphagnum tower on dune top, 62R). Here, along a forest trail teres, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranodontium about 9 sq.m were densely covered by Campylo- denudatum, Warnstorfia fluitans by Groß (1914), pus introflexus, other plants of the stand were Cephalozia lunulifolia by Führer and K. Koppe Corynephorus canescens, Festuca filiformis, Di- (Koppe & Steffen, 1927) and Cephalozia loitles- cranum scoparium, Polytrichum piliferum, Cla- bergeri, Sphagnum subnitens by L. Dietzow, G. donia macilenta ssp. floerkeana, C. gracilis, C. Führer 1918 in Dietzow (1938). Records of Lo- phyllophora, C. foliacea, C. arbuscula ssp. mitis. phozia porphyroleuca (Nees) Schiffn. by Dietzow The size of the population indicates that the spe- (1938) probably belong to Lophozia ventricosa cies arrived at the Curonian Spit several years ago. sensu Bakalin (2001). The samples of L. ventri- 38 CHRISTIAN DOLNIK & MAXIM G. NAPREENKO cosa (leg. C. Dolnik 2001) show nonbiconcentric crassipilum are recorded as new for the region, oil bodies, a feature of the neotypified Lophozia but have been collected by other authors under ventricosa by Grolle & Long (2000) but in the different names before. Further details about all past often connected with L. silvicola and L. longi- these species are provided in the following list. folia (Paton, 1999). Other peat bog species like LIST OF BRYOPHYTES OF THE SOUTHERN Sphagnum obtusum, Sphagnum molle and Cepha- CURONIAN SPIT (RUSSIA) loziella spinigera were recorded only recently This list presents 223 taxa of bryophytes from (Napreenko & Razguljajeva, 1999; Dolnik, 2003). the Russian part of the Southern Curonian Spit The data regarding bryophytes in other ha- that we accept after our field investigations, liter- bitats on the Curonian Spit are poor. Only Stef- ature studies and a critical herbarium revision. The fen (1931) gave some interesting vegetation rele- species concepts follow the European checklist vés with a profound bryological background, of Hill & al. (2006) and Grolle & Long (2000). whereas Paul (1953) mentioned only well known About 204 species, one subspecies and three va- and common species. Steffen, for instance, de- rieties were recorded from the area within the past scribed Fissidens adianthoides from wet mead- 30 years and 15 species are known only from old ows near the raised bog. Today’s locality of that German literature quotations. In total, 178 moss- species is restricted to mortar of a ruin near the es, 44 liverworts and one hornwort are known from raised bog. Further old records of species which this rather small territory. This underlines the high were not found anymore are Pohlia annotina value of the Curnonian Spit for bryophyte diver- mentioned by Preuß (1912: 216) from spruce sity and nature protection in Russia. Species forest near Cranz (Zelenogradsk) and Bryum in- known only from old literature are marked by an termedium (leg. Konopka, near Sarkau (Les- asterisk (*). For all species we give short com- noye), in Dietzow, 1938). ments on commonness, main habitats and distri- Other species were not mentioned from the bution on the spit. Additionally we localize rare Curonian Spit before but are remarkable because species by the number of the forest management they had not been recorded for the Kaliningrad units and give short comments on literature region yet or were always rare. Old coastal Am- records. Some commonly used bryophyte names mophila dunes and dry grassland vegetation cov- (cf. Ignatov & Afonina, 1992) were changed in er large parts of the Curonian spit and host Rhyn- the checklist of Hill et al. (2006), so we included chostegium megapolitanum and Bryum elegans, some synonyms in the list in brackets. which are new to the Kaliningrad Province. Re- ANTHOCEROTHAE - HORNWORTS markable is also the red-listed Bryum warneum, Anthoceros agrestis Paton – one record with few plants which was found on sand deposits on the Curoni- from a small disturbed patch in the meadows southwards an Lagoon near Morskoye. Rare forest species are of Rybachy, on sandy clay, leg. C. Dolnik 2001 (85R). Cynodontium strumiferum and Dicranum tauri- HEPATICAE - LIVERWORTS cum in alder carrs and Dicranum flexicaule on Barbilophozia barbata (Schreb.) Loeske – few records birch and pine trees. On dead wood in the pine on humus rich sandy soil in pine plantations (13R, forest surrounding the raised bog Swinoye, we 76R, 65R). have found Odontoshisma denudatum. Loamy soil B. kunzeana (Huebener) Müll. Frib. – single record from and silt is restricted to the old moraine island of an old sand pit in pine plantations near the road, 65R, the Rybachy Plateau, where Anthoceros agrestis, leg. Dolnik 1999. Bryum klinggraeffii, Ephemerum minutissimum B. lycopodioides (Wallr.) Loeske – few records in old and Pohlia lescuriana have been found on former pine plantations on sand (13R, 64R, 70R) . Blasia pusilla L. – only two records, one from disturbed arable land and old hay meadows; these species sandy soil in an alder plantation near lake Lebed (9R) were associated with the more common Riccia so- and another from wet humus rich sand of a lane, for- rocarpa, Tortula modica, Weissia brachycarpa est road (64R). and others. Finally, due to recent taxonomical stud- Calypogeia integristipula Steph. – few records, sandy ies and changes, the common and widely distrib- ditch for melioration of forest, King Forest south- uted Racomitrium elongatum and Schistidium wards of Lesnoye (leg. Dolnik 2000, 57Z) . The bryophytes of the Southern Curonian Spit 39

C. muelleriana (Schiffn.) Müll.Frib. – few records on bog Swinoye. plant debris in a spruce forest (45Z), in pine forest Lophocolea bidentata (L.) Dumort. – fairly common and heath of the raised bog Swinoye (82Z, 84Z, 85Z, in the ground floor vegetation of pine plantations and 87Z); mentioned already by Preuß (1912). Salix daphnoides stands on acidic dune sand. C. sphagnicola (Arnell & Perss.) Warnst. & Loeske – L. heterophylla (Schrad.) Dumort. – very common on common on peat and plant debris, but restricted to dead wood, humus and trunk bases in forest and dry the raised bog Swinoye (79Z, 83Z, 84Z, 86Z, 87Z); grassland vegetation throughout the area. mentioned already by Groß (1914). Lophozia exisa (Dicks.) Dumort. – scattered on humus Cephalozia bicuspidata (L.) Dumort. – few records on in dry grasslands and open patches between pine wet soil of alder carrs near lake Lebed (8R, 9R) and plantations on sand dunes (76R, 7Z, 8Z, 13Z, 24Z). wet soil near a track (82Z). L. ventricosa (Dicks.) Dumort. – rare on peat of the C. connivens (Dicks.) Lindb. – common on peat and raised bog Swinoye (83Z, 85Z); old records of Lo- plant debris, but restricted to the raised bog Swinoye phozia porphyroleuca (Nees) Schiffn. by Dietzow (79Z, 83Z, 84Z, 85Z, 86Z, 87Z, 88Z), recorded al- (1938) may belong to L. ventricosa sensu Bakalin ready by Preuß (1912) and Groß (1914). (2001), because of inconsistent separation of L. ven- *C. loitlesbergeri Schiffn. – only one old record by L. tricosa and its varieties in older literature and confu- Dietzow and G. Führer 1918 (in Dietzow, 1938) from sion of names. the raised bog Swinoye. Marchantia polymorpha subsp. polymorpha L. – rare *C. lunulifolia (Dumort.) Dumort. – only one old record in alder carrs (26R, 59R), but already mentioned by by Führer and K. Koppe (in Koppe & Steffen, 1927). Groß (1914) and Steffen (1931) from alder carrs near Cephaloziella divaricata (Sm.) Schiffn. – very com- the raised bog Swinoye. mon in dry grassland vegetation throughout the spit. – subsp. ruderalis Bischl. & Boisselier – scattered in dis- C. elachista (Jack ex Gott. & Rabenh.) Schiffn. – com- turbed places under anthropogenic influence (84R, 85R). mon on peat and plant debris, but restricted to the Metzgeria furcata (L.) Dumort. – only scattered as epi- raised bog Swinoye (83Z, 84Z, 86Z, 87Z, 88Z), re- phyte in old broad-leaved forests (66R, 67R) on the corded already by Dietzow 1918 (in Dietzow, 1938). Curonian Spit, although frequent elsewhere. C. hampeana (Nees) Schiffn. – scattered on peat and Mylia anomala (Hook.) Gray – common on peat and plant debris, but restricted to the raised bog Swinoye plant debris, often in ditches, but restricted to the (83Z, 85Z, 86Z), leg C. Dolnik 2001, conf. L. Mein- raised bog Swinoye (79Z, 83Z, 86Z, 87Z), recorded unger 2005. already by Preuß (1912) and Groß (1914). C. rubella (Nees) Warnst. – scattered on humus, peat Odontoschisma denudatum (Mart.) Dumort. – record- and dead wood (58R, 64R, 72R, 76R, 87R). ed only once from dead wood in a pine forest of the C. spinigera (Lindb.) Warnst. – rare on peat of the raised bog Swinoye (84Z, Oberjägerdamm, 54°58.12’N, bog Swinoye (85Z, 86Z). 20°31.35’E, leg. C. Dolnik 2001). Chiloscypus pallescens (Ehrh. ex Hoffm.) Dumort. – O. sphagni (Dicks.) Dumort. – common on peat and few records from wet humus in alder swamp forests plant debris, but restricted to the raised bog Swinoye, (9R, 59R, 74Z). were it was frequently found since the records of Groß Conocephalum conicum (L.) Und. – rare, but mentioned 1914 (79Z, 83Z, 84Z, 85Z, 86Z, 87Z, 88Z). already by Groß (1914) from a birch forest of the Pallavicinia lyellii (Hook.) Carruth. – one record from bog Swinoye. a ditch in a birch carr at the Curonian Lagoon (88Z). Frullania dilatata (L.) Dumort. – scattered in broad- Pellia neesiana (Gottsche) Limpr. – one record from a leaved forest of the Spit (66R, 67R, 70Z, 75Z, 76Z). spring in an alder forest at lake Lebed (9R). *Gymnocolea inflata (Huds.) Dumort. – only old Plagiochila asplenioides (L.) Dumort. – rare, on hu- records from Groß (1914) and Dietzow & Führer in mus in birch and spruce forest (45Z) southwards of Dietzow (1938) from the raised bog Swinoye; prob- Lesnoye. ably extinct due to melioration. P. porelloides (Torrey ex Nees) Lindenb. – rare epi- *Jamsoniella autumnalis (DC.) Steph. – only one old phyte on deciduous trees. record (Groß, 1914) from the raised bog Swinoye. Ptilidium ciliare (L.) Hampe – common mainly in pine Kurzia pauciflora (Dicks.) Grolle – rare on peat and plantation on humus rich sand and dead wood, but dead wood of the raised bog Swinoye (79Z, 85Z, also in older dry grassland vegetation. 87Z) but already mentioned by Koppe & Steffen P. pulcherrimum (G. Web.) Vaino – common on dead (1927). wood and acidic bark, mainly of birch and mountain Lepidozia reptans (L.) Dumort. – fairly common on pine. humus and dead wood in spruce forests as well as in Radula complanata (L.) Dumort. – common only in birch and pine forests in the surrounding of the raised broad-leaved forest northwards of Zelenogradsk and 40 CHRISTIAN DOLNIK & MAXIM G. NAPREENKO

near Rybachy (66R, 67R, 76Z, 78Z). ows, but also on dead wood and trunk bases. Forms Riccia cavernosa Hoffm. – very local on lake sediments in wet habitats are very similar to the dioicous B. of dryed ponds around Rybachy, but sometimes fre- rivulare Schimp., but all samples were autoicous. Fol- quent (66R). lowing Wigh (1976) they are treated here as modifi- R. fluitans L. – very local on lake sediments of dried cations of B. rutabulum. ponds around Rybachy, but sometimes frequent (66R, B. salebrosum (Hoffm. ex F.Weber & D.Mohr) Schimp. 85R), and in wet alder carrs. – common in the gound floor vegetation of forests, on R. sorocarpa Bisch. – rare in open soil patches of hay dead wood and more rare as epiphyte on deciduous trees. meadows (disturbed by wild boar) southwards of Bryoerythrophyllum recurvirostrum (Hedw.) P.C.Chen Rybachy, on sandy loam (85R). – rare in ruderal places on anthropogenic substrates. Ricciocarpos natans (L.) Corda – local on lake sedi- Bryum algovicum Sendt. ex Müll. Hall. var. rutheanum ments of dried ponds southwards of Rybachy (66R). (Warnst.) Crundw. – rare in wet depressions of coastal MUSCI - MOSSES medows on the Curonin Lagoon in Rybachy (leg. C. Abietinella abietina (Hedw.) M.Fleisch. (= Thuidium Dolnik 1998). abietinum (Hedw.) Schimp.) – rare in small meso- B. archangelicum Bruch & Schimp. (= Bryum inclina- xerophytic swards of the Rybachy Plateau near the tum (Brid.) Turton) – one record from a wet dune Curonian Lagoon (85R) and in dune vegetation at slack northwards of Rybachy (28R) (leg. C. Dolnik the central road northwards of Lesnoye (30Z). 2000). Amblystegium serpens (Hedw.) Schimp. (incl. Amblys- B. argenteum Hedw. – very common on walls, mortar tegium juratzkanum Schimp.) – common epiphyte and ruderal places around settlements but also in dry in birch and alder forests and also epilithic on con- grassland vegetation. crete and other anthropogenic substrates. Larger B. caespiticium Hedw. – scattered in dry grassland and forms with a strong leaf nerve (A. s. var. rigescens disturbed places in forests and meadows as well as (Limpr.) Loeske) and slightly denticulate leaf mar- ruderal in settlements. gin (A. juratzkanum Schimp.) are recognized by some B. capillare Hedw. – scattered in ruderal places around authors as distinct taxa but are treated in Hill & al. settlements but also in dry grasslands. (2006) as synonyms of A. serpens. They are fairly B. dichotomum Hedw. (= Bryum bicolor Dicks.) – scat- common in the ground floor vegetation of wet mead- tered in ruderal places around settlements and along ows, in alder carrs and on dead wood. roads. A. subtile (Hedw.) Schimp. – rare epiphyte on Ulmus laevis B. elegans Nees – this species was found on humus in a broad-leaved forests southwards of Rybachy (66R). rich dune sand with low pH values. Such material Anomodon attenuatus (Hedw.) Huebener – rare epi- was also described as Bryum stirtonii Schimp. in con- phyte on deciduous trees. trast to “typical forms” from basic rocks. The mate- Atrichum undulatum (Hedw.) P.Beauv. – very common rial from the Curonian spit matches the description in damp forests and meadows. of B. elegans in Zolotov (2000), who also treats B. Aulacomnium androgynum (Hedw.) Schwägr. – very stirtonii as a synonym of B. elegans. The species be- common on log bases and on humus in all types of longs to the Bryum capillare complex and was prob- forests. ably not distinguished before. Vegetation descriptions A. palustre (Hedw.) Schwägr. – common in wet forests, from dry grasslands are given by Dolnik (2006). In meadows and on raised bog. Dietzow (1938) only two records for the southern Barbula convoluta Hedw. – scattered in rural habitats part of Eastern Prussia (now Poland) are mentioned, around the settlements. and this species is new for the territory of Kalinin- B. unguiculata Hedw. – common in rural habitats grad Province. around settlements. *B. intermedium (Brid.) Bland. – collected by C. Brachytheciastrum velutinum (Hedw.) Ignatov & Hut- Konopka, near Sarkau (Lesnoye) (cited in Dietzow, tunen (= Brachythecium velutinum (Hedw.) Schimp.) 1938) but not found since that time. – common on dead wood, humus and humus rich B. klinggraeffii Schimp. – was found on loamy sand in soil in broad-leaved forests, birch and alder carrs. a hay meadow southwards of Rybachy, together with Brachythecium albicans (Hedw.) Schimp. – very com- Dicranella schreberiana, Phascum cuspidatum, and mon in dry grassland vegetation on sand dunes and Ephemerum minutissimum. Probably it is a wide- ruderal dry places around settlements. spread species in the region but it was not mentioned B. mildeanum (Schimp.) Schimp. ex Milde – rare, in by Dietzow (1938) for Eastern Prussia (leg. C. damp meadows. Dolnik, 2000, 55°08.38’N, 20°49.96’E). In the Cu- B. rutabulum (Hedw.) Schimp. – very common in wet ronian Spit suitable habitats with loamy soil are re- and mesic forest ground floor vegetation and mead- stricted to the Rybachy area. The bryophytes of the Southern Curonian Spit 41

B. moravicum Podp. (= Bryum subelegans non Kindb., Climacium dendroides (Hedw.) F.Weber & D.Mohr – B. flaccidum auct.) – it is a widespread species in common in most vegetation types. young dry grassland vegetation along the coastal Cynodontium strumiferum (Hedw.) Lindb. – very rare, dunes of the Curonian Spit. The diagnostic filamen- few cushions on trunk of Alnus glutinosa in an alder tous gemmae in leaf axils are common only in au- carr around lake Lebed (9R) north of Morskoye tumn, and it is difficult to separate it from B. capil- (55°14.78’N, 20°56.59’E). lare. The differences between Bryum subelegans and Dicranella cerviculata (Hedw.) Schimp. – common on B. flaccidum, stressed by Nyholm (1993), were not wet peat in ditches of the raised bog, grows also on accepted by other authors. Holyoak (2004) discov- humus in spruce forests. ered that the lectotype of B. subelegans Kindb. actu- D. heteromalla (Hedw.) Schimp. – common in dry ally belongs to Bryum oeneum Blytt ex Bruch. & ground floor vegetation in forests. Schimp. Plants similar to typical Bryum flaccidum D. schreberiana (Hedw.) Dix. – rare, restricted to the were found on dead wood in a swampy forest north area with loamy soils around Rybachy, in meadows of Morskoye. (85R). B. pseudotriquetrum (Hedw.) P. Gaertn., E.Mey. & *Dicranodontium denudatum (Brid) Britt. – only one Scherb. – rare, only few recent records from dune historical record by Groß (1914) from the raised bog slacks (31R) and other damp places; already record- area. ed by Preuß (1912). Dicranoweisia cirrata (Hedw.) Lindb. – rare epiphyte B. rubens Mitt. – common, on loamy soil in meadows in alder carrs (59R). and former arable land around Rybachy (84R). Dicranum flagellare Hedw. – rare on rotten logs of Pi- B. warneum (Röhl.) Brid. – found on sand barriers at nus sylvestris, in pine forest (81Z). the shore of the Curonian Lagoon in Morskoye. Large D. flexicaule Brid. – rare epiphyte on Pinus sylvestris population grew here, with Bryum argenteum, Pohlia and Betula pendula (69R, 81Z). nutans, Marchantia polymorpha ssp. ruderalis, Jun- D. fuscescens Sm. – scattered on pine and birch trees cus acicularis, J. bufonius, Sagina nodosa, S. proc- or on humus and wood (10R, 13R, 17R). umbens and Limosella aquatica (c. fr., leg. C. Dolnik D. majus Turn. – common in spruce forests, but also in & A.A. Sokolov, 2000). B. warneum is the only spe- birch and pine woods. cies on the Curonian spit listed in the Red Data Book D. montanum Hedw. – very common epiphyte on acid- of European Bryophytes (Schumacker & Martiny, ic bark (Pinus sp., Betula sp., Alnus glutinosa), grows 1995) as endangered. also on humus and dead wood. Buxbaumia aphylla Hedw. – few records from open D. polysetum Sw. – very common in conifer planta- patches with dry grassland vegetation in pine plan- tions, grows also in dry grasslands. tations (27R, 75R, 76R, 12Z), but probably also over- D. scoparium Hedw. – very common moss of the ground looked. floor vegetation in forests and older dry grasslands, Calliergon cordifolium (Hedw.) Kindb. – common also common on dead wood and on tree trunks. in wetlands and wet birch, spruce and alder fo- D. tauricum Sap. – very rare, only one record on trunk rests. of Alnus glutinosa, near lake Chaika (62R, 55°08.79’N, Calliergonella cuspidata (Hedw.) Loeske – common in wet- 20°48.88’E, leg. C. Dolnik 1999), in small quantity. lands, meadows, birch, spruce and alder forests. This species was not mentioned by Dietzow (1938) *Campylopus flexuosus (Hedw.) Brid. – recorded by for Eastern Prussia and is probably new in the area. Groß (1914) from wetlands around the raised bog An increase of distribution range of that species was but not found since that time, probably overlooked. recorded for England (Smith, 1978) and Germany C. introflexus (Hedw.) Brid. – neophyte known from (Düll & Meinunger, 1989). three places on the Curonian spit (41R, 62R, 56Z), D. undulatum Schrad. ex Brid. (= Dicranum bergeri (Razgulyaeva et al. 2001). Blandow ex Hoppe) – rare, only in small cushions C. pyriformis (Schultz) Brid. – common on humus and on Sphagnum hummocks of the raised bog (79Z, 83Z, peat, mainly in forests. 85Z, 86Z, 87Z). Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid. subsp. purpureus Didymodon fallax (Hedw.) R.H. Zander – rare, restrict- – most common moss in dry grassland vegetation ed to places with basic soil. Introduced to pine plan- but also in meadows, forests and ruderal places tations on clay with planting soil for pine trees. around settlements. D. rigidulus Hedw. – rare, but probably overlooked, Cirriphyllum piliferum (Hedw.) Grout – scattered in on concrete of a ruin on Epha’s Dune near Morskoye the ground floor vegetation of broad-leaved (67R) (14R), sterile, but with plenty of globose gemmae in and birch forests (10R, 18R, 60R, 76R) and in alder leaf axils. forests (41Z, 43R). Drepanocladus aduncus (Hedw.) Warnst. – common 42 CHRISTIAN DOLNIK & MAXIM G. NAPREENKO

in wetlands along the Curonian Lagoon and near es on tracks and around settlements. ponds and lakes. Leptodictyum riparium (Schimp.) Warnst. (= Amblys- Encalypta streptocarpa Hedw. – rare, on basic soil. tegium riparium (Hedw.) Schimp.) – common in Ephemerum minutissimum Lindb. – common ephem- wetlands along the Curonian Lagoon, also in alder eral moss in the hay meadows southwards of Ry- carrs. bachy, best recognized in autumn. In Dietzow (1938) Leskea polycarpa Ehrh. ex Hedw. – rare epiphyte on it was mentioned only for the area of Western Prus- trees near the lagoon (85R). sia but was probably not distingiushed from E. ser- Leucobryum glaucum (Hedw.) Ångstr. – fairly com- ratum in other areas. The latter was mentioned al- mon in older pine plantations. ready by Preuß (1912: 195) for the Curonian Spit. Leucodon sciuroides (Hedw.) Schwägr. – rare on the Eurhynchium angustirete (Broth.) T.J. Kop. – common Curonian Spit, recorded as epiphyte from Ulmus lae- in damp birch, alder and pine woods. In former times vis in a lime tree wood southwards of Rybachy (66R), not separated from E. striatum. but much more common in other regions of Kalinin- Fissidens adianthoides Hedw. – mentioned already by grad Province. Steffen (1931) from damp meadows around the raised Mnium hornum Hedw. – very common in forests on bog, but today known only as epilithic from mortar humus and rotten wood. of a ruin (86R). Neckera pennata Hedw. – rare epiphyte, one gathering F. taxifolius Hedw. – scattered on clay in alder carrs from deciduous forest northwards of Zelenogradsk. and meadows around Rybachy (85R). Orthodontium lineare Schwägr. – neophyte, common Funaria hygrometrica Hedw. – common ephemere on on humus litter and trunk bases in young pine plan- disturbed places and nutrient enriched soil in ruder- tations around the raised bog Swinoye, where it grows al grasslands and forests. on rotten wood or as epiphyte on bark. Grimmia pulvinata (Hedw.) Sm. – common epilithic Orthotrichum affine Brid. – common epiphyte on de- moss on walls, buildings and concrete. ciduous trees. Herzogiella seligeri (Brid.) Z.Iwats. – very common O. anomalum Hedw. – epilitic on walls and rocks, but on rotten wood in forests. restricted to anthropogenic substrates. Homalia trichomanoides (Hedw.) Schimp. – scattered, O. diaphanum Brid. – common epiphyte on deciduous on rotten stumps in an alder carr (25Z) and in broad- trees, but also on rocks and concrete near the Curo- leaved forests north of Zelenogradsk (76Z, 78Z). nian Lagoon. Homalothecium lutescens (Hedw.) H.Rob. – rare, in O. obstusifolium Brid. – scattered, epiphyte on decid- dry birch forest north of Morskoye and in Avenula ous trees. pubescens grassland near Rybachy (10R, 85R). O. pallens Bruch ex Brid. – scattered, epiphyte on de- H. sericeum (Hedw.) Schimp. – rare epiphyte on de- cidous trees (10R, on Betula pendula and Populus ciduous trees near Zelenogradsk and Rybachy (66R), tremula; 85R, Rybachy, on Fraxinus excelsior), men- but very common outside the Curonian Spit. tioned by Dietzow (1938) from the Lithuanian part Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) Schimp. – very com- of the Curonian Spit. mon in birch and conifer forests. O. pumilum Sw. – scattered, epiphyte on deciduous Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. var. curessiforme – very trees, (77R, on Acer pseudoplatanus). common epiphyte, but grows also on other substrates. O. speciosum Nees – common epiphyte on deciduous – var. lacunosum Brid. – common in humus rich dry trees. grasslands on sand. O. stramineum Hornsch ex Brid. – rare epiphyte in H. jutlandicum Holmen & Warncke – in pine planta- broad-leaved forests of the spit, on Quercus robur tions and Calluna vulgaris heath on the raised bog southwards of Rybachy (66R). Swinoye. Oxyrhynchium hians (Hedw.) Loeske (= Eurhynchium H. pallescens (Hedw.) P. Beauv. – rather common epi- hians (Hedw.) Sande Lac.) – very common in for- phyte in Alnus glutinosa forests (9R, 26R, 28R, 66R). ests and meadows. Isothecium alopecuroides (Dubois) Isov. – rare, on dead Phascum cuspidatum Hedw. – common only in ruder- wood (85R, 76Z). al places and meadows around Rybachy. Isothecium myosuroides Brid. – rare epiphyte on de- Philonotis caespitosa Jur. – only one recent record from ciduous trees. a small spring water creek at lake Lebed north of Kindbergia praelonga (Hedw.) Ochyra (= Eurhynchi- Morskoye (55°14.98’N, 20°55.39'E). Paul (1953) um praelongum (Hedw.) Schimp.) – very common mentioned already Philonotis fontana from the Cu- in most habitats of the Curonian Spit. ronian Spit. Because P. caespitosa is a member of Leptobryum pyriforme (Hedw.) Wils. – common on the P. fontana group, we suggest that the record re- humid soil in alder carrs, at ponds and disturbed plac- fers to P. caespitosa. The bryophytes of the Southern Curonian Spit 43

Physcomitrium pyriforme (Hedw.) Brid. – scattered on and L. Dietzow & G. Führer (in Dietzow, 1938) from humus rich soil in wetlands and alder carrs (85R, the raised bog Swinoye. This species is difficult to 41Z, 50Z). separate from P. nutans and it is not clear, whether Plagiomnium affine (Funck) T.J. Kop. – very common the old records refer to dioicious P. sphagnicola or in humid to dry forests and grasslands. to modifications of P. nutans. It was not recorded P. cuspidatum (Hedw.) T.J. Kop. – common in humid since, and severe drainage of the bog could have led to dry forests and grasslands, already recorded by also to its extinction. Steffen (1931). P. wahlenbergii (F. Weber & D. Mohr) Andrews – scat- P. elatum (Bruch & Schimp.) T.J. Kop. – very common tered on basic sand in an alder carr (9R) and on loamy in humid grasslands and deciduous forests. soil of the Rybachy plateau (85R), but common out- P. ellipticum (Brid.) T.J. Kop. – common in alder carrs side the Curonian Spit. and fens. Polytrichastrum formosum (Hedw.) G.L. Sm. (= Poly- P. medium (Bruch & Schimp.) T.J.Kop. – common in trichum formosum Hedw.) – common in forests and alder carrs and fens. dry grasslands. P. undulatum (Hedw.) T.J. Kop. – very common in for- *P. longisetum (Sw. ex Brid.) G.L. Sm. (= Polytrichum ests. longisetum Sw. ex Brid.) – recorded by Preuß (1912) Plagiothecium cavifolium (Brid.) Iwats. – rather scat- from the raised bog Swinoye, but not found since. tered in deciduous forests (66R, 74Z). Polytrichum commune Hedw. – common in wet spruce, P. curvifolium Schlieph. – very common on humus and pine and birch forests. dead wood in forests, sometimes epiphytic. P. juniperinum Hedw. – common in dry grasslands. P. denticulatum (Hedw.) Schimp. var. denticulatum – P. piliferum Schreb. ex Hedw. – common in dry grass- fairly common on humus in forests. lands. – var. undulatum R.Ruthe ex Geh.(= Plagiothecium ru- P. strictum Menz. ex Brid. – common in bog vegeta- thei Limpr.) – very common in birch and alder carrs. tion and surrounding forests, frequent on recently P. laetum Schimp. – very common epiphyte, but also burned sites. on humus rich soil and dead wood in forests and Pseudoscleropodium purum (Hedw.) M. Fleisch. (= woods. Scleropodium purum (Hedw.) Limpr.) – very com- P. latebricola Schimp. – very common epiphyte in al- mon in coniferous and birch forests and older dune der carrs. vegetation. P. nemorale (Mitt.) A. Jaeger – scattered in alder carrs Ptilium crista-castrensis (Hedw.) De Not. – only scat- on trunk bases of alder or on humus (9R, 68R, 78Z). tered in spruce and pine plantations. P. succulentum (Wils.) Lindb. – common in deciduous Pylaisia polyantha (Hedw.) Schimp. – common epi- forests on trunk bases, dead wood or humus. phyte on deciduous trees. P. undulatum (Hedw.) Schimp. – scattered in spruce Racomitrium canescens (Hedw.) Brid. – according to forests on humus (59Z, 65Z). the herbarium revision R. canescens s.str. is widely Platygyrium repens (Brid.) Schimp. – common epiphyte distributed in dry grassland vegetation, were it was on deciduous trees, mainly on Alnus glutinosa. already mentioned by Steffen (1931), and also grows Pleuridium subulatum (Hedw.) Rabenh. – common only on mortar of a ruin (14R). It is the most frequent in meadows around Rybachy, on loamy soil. member of the Racomitrium canescens complex in Pleurozium schreberi (Brid.) Mitt. – one of the most the area . common bryophytes in the forest floor vegetation, R. elongatum Ehrh. ex Frisvoll – this species of the but also common in grasslands. Racomitrium canescens group was first recognized *Pohlia annotina (Hedw.) Warnst. – mentioned by on the Curonian Spit in open patches of a pine plan- Preuß (1912) from spruce forest but was not record- tation southwards of Rybachy (leg. C. Dolnik 2001, ed since. R76, 55°08,08’N, 20°48,34'E); it is probably more P. lescuriana (Sull.) Grout – rare, only one record from common on acidic dune sands but was not distin- a loamy ditch in an alder carr near Rybachy (85R), guished from Racomitrium canescens s.str. before. leg. Dolnik 2000. It was frequently found also in other areas of the Kali- P. melanodon (Brid.) J. Shaw – rare, only one record ningrad Province (coastal dry grassland near Wsmo- from a loamy ditch in an alder carr near Rybachy rye, Vistula Lagoon, 54°41’31'’N, 20°14’31'’E, leg. (85R). C. Dolnik 1998). In Dietzow (1938) it was summa- P. nutans (Hedw.) Lindb. – common on humus and peat rized under Racomitrium canescens var. ericoides in forest and bog vegetation. (Web.) Brid., which is now treated as distinct spe- *P. sphagnicola (Bruch & Schimp.) Lindb & H.Arnell cies Racomitrium ericoides (Brid.) Brid. with a more – recorded by K. Koppe (in Koppe & Steffen, 1927) arctic and alpine distribution and is not expected to 44 CHRISTIAN DOLNIK & MAXIM G. NAPREENKO

occur in Kaliningrad Province. extinct now due to extensive melioration and burn- Rhizomnium punctatum (Hedw.) T.J. Kop. – very com- ing in the past. mon in alder carrs. S. angustifolium (C.E.O. Jensen ex Russow) C.E.O. Jensen Rhodobryum roseum (Hedw.) Limpr. – very common – very common in the raised bog Swinoye and sur- in alder carrs. rounding birch and pine forests. Rhynchostegium megapolitanum (F.Weber & D.Mohr) S. balticum (Russow) C.E.O. Jensen – common in the Schimp. – it is a rather common species in old stages raised bog Swinoye and surrounding birch and pine of coastal Ammophila arenaria dunes along the Bal- forests. tic Sea coast of the Spit (Dolnik, 2003). Neverthe- S. capillifolium (Ehrh.) Hedw. – common in damp parts less without sporophytes it is easily mistaken for the of birch, pine and spruce forests and in the raised very common Sciuro-hypnum oedipodium. The spe- bog Swinoye. Morphotypes recognized as Sphagnum cies is best recognised in late autumn when capillifolium var. tenerum auct. were also recorded sporogones are frequently developed. Dietzow (1938) from the raised bog Swinoye (Dolnik 2003: 176) but had doubts that this species occurs in the area and they are not distinguished as separate taxon by Hill gave no localities. Therefore we count the records as & al. (2006). new for the region. S. centrale C.E.O. Jensen – scatterd in damp parts of R. murale (Hedw.) Schimp. – rare, on concrete of a birch (10R) and spruce forests (56R) and around the ruin on dune Haskeberg near Müllers dune (65R). raised bog Swinoye (84Z, 88Z). Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus (Hedw.) Warnst. – very S. cuspidatum Ehrh. ex Hoffm. – common in wet de- common in forests, meadows and lawns. pressions and ditches of the raised bog Swinoye. R. triquetrus (Hedw.) Warnst. – common in birch for- S. fallax (H.Klinggr.) H.Klinggr. – common in the raised ests, scattered in pine plantations. bog Swinoye and surrounding birch and pine forests Sanionia uncinata (Hedw.) Loeske – scattered in the and scattered in damp spruce and birch forests in ground floor vegetation of birch forests, more com- other parts of the spit. mon as epiphyte on deciduous trees. S. fimbriatum Wilson – very common in the raised bog Schistidium crassipilum H.H. Blom – was newly de- Swinoye and surrounding birch and pine forests as scribed in 1996 and is recorded for the area for the well as in damp forests in other parts of the spit. first time (soil on mortar, ruin on Ephas dune near S. flexuosum Dozy & Molk. – rare in ditches of damp Morskoye, forest quarter 14 Rybachy, leg. C. Dolnik birch forests surrounding the raised bog Swinoye. 2000). Common on concrete and therefore more fre- S. fuscum (Schimp.) H.Klinggr. – rare, only few cush- quent in settlements. This species is probably much ions in the raised bog Swinoye; according to Groß more common in the region than Schistidium apoc- (1914) it was much more common a hundred years ago. arpum s. str. All seen gatherings of the S. apocar- S. girgensohnii Russow – common in damp birch, pine pum complex from the Curonian spit belong to S. and spruce plantations as well as in the raised bog crassipilum. Swinoye. Sciuro-hypnum oedipodium (Mitt.) Ignatov & Huttunen S. magellanicum Brid. – common in the raised bog Swi- (= Brachythecium oedipodium (Mitt.) A.Jaeger, B. noye and surrounding birch and pine forests, rare in curtum (Lindb.) Lindb.) – very common in dry pine damp spruce plantations. plantations and birch and willow stands. There are S. molle Sull. – very rare, only one record from the no old records from the Curonian spit, but we sug- raised bog Swinoye (54°57.94’N, 20°31.01’E, 83R) gest it was not distinguished from Brachythecium and probably new to the area. rutabulum before. Most areas where it covers large S. obtusum Warnst. – very rare, only one record from patches were afforested during the past 120 years. the ditch in the raised bog Swinoye. S. populeum (Hedw.) Ignatov & Huttunen (= Brachy- S. palustre L. – common in damp forests and the raised thecium populeum (Hedw.) Schimp.) – rare epiphyte bog Swinoye. on deciduous trees. S. riparium Ångstr. – rare in ditches of damp birch for- S. reflexum (Starke) Ignatov & Huttunen (= Brachy- ests surrounding the raised bog Swinoye. thecium reflexum (Starke) Schimp.) – common epi- S. rubellum Wilson (incl. S. rubellum var. subtile (Rus- phyte on trunk bases of deciduous trees in damp sow) Amann) – common in damp places of pine, woods. birch and spruce forests as well as in the raised bog *Sphagnum affine Renauld & Cardot (= Sphagnum Swinoye. Sphagnum rubellum var. subtile (Russow) imbricatum Hornsch. ex Russow p.p.) – only old Amann is not accepted by Hill & al. (2006) as dis- records by H. Groß (86Z) and L. Dietzow & E. Boehm tinct taxon in Europe. Therefore we mention here (79Z) from the raised bog Swinoye (Groß, 1914; that plants of this morphotype have been repeatedly Dietzow, 1938), not found since. Most probably it is found in the raised bog Swinoye (Groß, 1914; The bryophytes of the Southern Curonian Spit 45

Napreenko & Razguljajeva, 1999; Dolnik, 2003). scens (De Not.) De Not.) – rare, only one record from S. russowii Warnst. – common in damp places of pine, an slate roof of a barn in Rybachy (85R), but proba- birch and spruce forests as well as in the raised bog bly more common on roofs of the settlement. Swinoye. Tetraphis pellucida Hedw. – very common on rotten S. squarrosum Crome – common in damp places of wood and humus in damp forests. pine, birch, and spruce forests and scattered in alder Thuidium assimile (Mitt.) A. Jaeger (= Thuidium philib- woods. ertii Limpr.) – rather rare in open pine forests (13 Z) *S. subnitens Russow & Warnst. – recorded by Diet- and hay meadows (85R). zow (1938) from the raised bog Swinoye but not T. recognitum (Hedw.) Lindb. – rare, one record from a found since. According to Dietzow the species was Salix repens stand on dunes in open pine forest (C. already rare in former times, and it is confirmed now Dolnik 2000, 13Z). for the Kaliningrad Province by Napreenko & Razgu- T. tamariscinum (Hedw.) Schimp. – scattered in damp ljajeva (1999). birch and spruce forests. S. tenellum (Brid.) Pers. ex Brid. – scattered in the raised Tortula modica R.H. Zander (= Pottia intermedia (Turn- bog Swinoye (79Z, 84Z, 85Z, 87Z) and mentioned er) Fürnr.) – rare, on loamy soil in the meadows of already by Groß (1914). the Rybachy Plateau, near lake Chaika. *S. teres (Schimp.) Ångstr. – mentioned by Groß (1914) T. muralis Hedw. – common on mortar and concrete in as frequent in damp birch and alder woods surround- the settlements and surrounding. ing the raised bog Swinoye but not found since. T. truncata (Hedw.) Mitt. (= Pottia truncata (Hedw.) *Splachnum ampullaceum Hedw. – mentioned by Groß Bruch & Schimp.) – common only on loamy soil in (1914) from the raised bog Swinoye but not found the meadows and ruderal places of the Rybachy Pla- since. teau. *Straminergon stramineum (Dicks. ex Brid) Hedenäs Ulota bruchii Hornsch. ex Brid. – common epiphyte (= Calliergon stramineum (Brid.) Kindb.) – record- on deciduous trees. ed only by Preuß (1912) from the raised bog Swi- U. crispa (Hedw.) Brid. – fairly common epiphyte on noye and probably extinct now due to drainage and deciduous trees, but not as common as the previous afforestation. species. Syntrichia ruralis (Hedw.) F. Weber & D. Mohr var. *Warnstorfia fluitans Loeske – mentioned by Groß ruraliformis (Besch.) Delogne (= Tortula ruralifor- (1914) from pine wood on peat from the raised bog mis (Besch.) Ingham) – common in older dunes and Swinoye, but not found since. dry grasslands and also epilithic on mortar and slate Weissia brachycarpa (Nees & Hornsch.) Jur. – rare on roofs. Most common member of the S. ruralis com- silt in open gaps of the meadows southwards of Ry- plex in the area and should be better treated at the bachy (85R). species level. – var. ruralis (= Tortula ruralis (Hedw.) Gärtn., Mey- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS er & Scherb.) – fairly common in older dunes and We are grateful to Dr. Ludwig Meinunger and Wie- dry grassland vegetation, also on concrete, but less bke Schröder (Ludwigstadt, Germany) for the confir- common than the previous taxon. mation of Cephaloziella elachista, C. hampeana, Cyn- Syntrichia virescens (De Not.) Ochyra (= Tortula vire- odontium strumiferum and Bryum elegans and identi- fication of Amblystegium serpens var. juratzkanum.

LITERATURE CITED

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