THIS DOCUMENT IS IN DRAFT FORM, INCOMPLETE AND SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND THAT THE INFORMATION MUST BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE SECTION HEADED “WARNING” ON THE COVER OF THIS DOCUMENT. GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS
This glossary of technical terms contains explanations of certain terms used in this document as they relate to our Company and are used in this document in connection with our business or us. These terms and their given meanings may not correspond to standard industry definitions.
“Anqing PPP Project” The PPP Project for the Enhancement of Ecological Corridors and Forestry Landscape along the River in Yingjiang District, Anqing City, Anhui Province (安徽省安慶市迎江區沿江生態 廊道及林業景觀提升PPP項目)
“Arbors” relatively tall trees with well-defined trunks extending from the roots to the canopy and are usually applied for functional purposes such as construction of quarantine belt, shelter belt and landscape greening. Depending on whether the leaves are deciduous in winter, Arbors can be divided into Evergreens and Deciduous
“CAGR” compound annual growth rate, a method of assessing the average growth of a value over time
“carbon sink” the process and mechanism of using plant photosynthesis to absorb carbon dioxide in the atmosphere into the vegetation and soil through various ways such as tree planting, forest management, and vegetation restoration, thereby reducing the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The main ecosystems that generate carbon sinks include forests, grasslands, wetlands, oceans, etc.
“carbon sink forest” forests that aim to cope with global warming via utilising the function of carbon sink of forests, and the amount of carbon fixed by the carbon sink forest is tradable in the market as carbon emission right
“Chifeng City Aohan Banner Chifeng City Aohan Banner District Greening PPP Project (赤 District PPP Project” 峰市敖漢旗城區及重點區域綠化PPP項目) located in Aohan Banner District, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia
“Chifeng City Nanshan PPP Chifeng City Nanshan Landscape Enhancement PPP Project Project” (赤峰市南山景觀綠化提升工程PPP項目) located in Nanshan, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia
“Chongli Winter Olympics The Landscape Enhancement Project for the Winter Olympics Project” Ecological Passageway in Chongli (崇禮冬奧賽事生態廊道景 觀提升工程施工第13標段項目) located in Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province
−28− THIS DOCUMENT IS IN DRAFT FORM, INCOMPLETE AND SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND THAT THE INFORMATION MUST BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE SECTION HEADED “WARNING” ON THE COVER OF THIS DOCUMENT. GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS
“commercial forests” forests with related supporting facilities for non-timber production and commercial activities. Non-timber products include fruits, nuts, oils, spices, industrial raw materials and medicinal materials. Commercial activities include forest eco-tourism, and forest-based planting and animal breeding
“Deciduous” Arbors that lose all of their leaves during winter or drought seasons
“ecological forest plantation projects that aim at creating forests with long-term ecological projects” and environmental sustainability through planned afforestation and maintenance work
“ecological forest plantation services provided for the purpose of ecological forestry services”
“ecological restoration projects” projects that seek to recover areas with degraded, damaged, or destroyed ecosystems through the application of various scientific means to revive the original chemical, biological, and physical characteristics of the water or soil as well as the surrounding plant community
“ecological restoration services” services provided for the purpose of ecological restoration
“Evergreens” Arbors that have green leaves throughout the year and are always green
“Flowering Shrubs” a type of shrub mainly for beautification purposes with various stems branching near the ground and do not have well-defined trunks
“GB/T 26424-2010” technical regulations for inventory for forest management planning and design issued by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China and the Standardization Administration of China on 14 January 2011 and adopted on 1 June 2011
“GB/T 24001-2016/ISO national standard of environmental management systems 14001:2015” issued by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People Republic of China, China National Standardization Administration Committee on 13 October 2016 and adopted on 1 May 2017
“GDP” gross domestic product
“germplasm” resources such as seeds that are maintained for the purpose of plant breeding, preservation or other research uses
−29− THIS DOCUMENT IS IN DRAFT FORM, INCOMPLETE AND SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND THAT THE INFORMATION MUST BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE SECTION HEADED “WARNING” ON THE COVER OF THIS DOCUMENT. GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS
“gully” a landform created by running water, eroding sharply into soil, typically on a hillside
“Heze Project” Landscaping and Greening Project for National Highways in Mudan District, Heze City, Shandong Province (菏澤市牡丹 區國省道綠化工程項目)
“Hulun Bei’er PPP Project” Hulun Bei’er New District PPP Project (呼倫貝爾新區棚改配 套基礎設施建設PPP項目)
“ISO” International Organisation for Standardisation, a non-government organisation based in Geneva, Switzerland, for assessing the quality systems of business organisations
“ISO 9001” a framework and systematic approach set by ISO to manage business processes to produce a product/service that conforms to customer expectations
“km” kilometer(s)
“Liyang Project” The Liyang Gucheng Forest Park (Phase 1) Project (浚縣黎陽 故城森林公園（一期）總承包項目) located in Xun County, Henan Province
“mu” the traditional Chinese unit of area (畝), one mu is equivalent to approximately 666.67 sq.m.
“national reserve forest” forests that are suitable for the cultivation of timber or other natural resources in order to meet the needs of economic and social development
“PPP” Public-Private-Partnership, a business model in which there is a cooperative arrangement between two or more public and private sector entities in terms of project management financing and operation, typically of a long-term nature and the private sector entity(ies) have equity interest in the project company, if established
“Settlement Audit” a process of a project where our customer’s designated cost consultant or auditing agent determines and certifies the final contract sum for the purpose of settlement of the outstanding payment
“shelter belt forest” forests and artificial forests built with protection functions for water and soil maintenance, water source conservation, climate regulation, pollution reduction, and mitigation of natural disasters
−30− THIS DOCUMENT IS IN DRAFT FORM, INCOMPLETE AND SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND THAT THE INFORMATION MUST BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE SECTION HEADED “WARNING” ON THE COVER OF THIS DOCUMENT. GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS
“Shengle Project” Inner Mongolia Shengle International Ecological Demonstration Zone (內蒙古盛樂國際生態示範區) in Inner Mongolia
“sq.km.” square kilometer(s)
“sq.m.” square meter(s)
“traditional model” a business model under which we are engaged as contractor or subcontractor of projects other than our PPP projects
“urban and rural greening projects that seek to improve the overall landscape of an area, projects” normally as part of urbanisation, through green (trees and herb) planting, as well as earthworks construction, such as terrain modification, and ancillary facilities building
“urban and rural greening services provided for urban and rural greening projects services”
“Xun County PPP Project” Xun County National Reserve Forest PPP Construction Project (浚縣國家儲備林PPP建設項目) located in Xun County, Henan Province
“Yu County PPP Project” The PPP Project for the Restoration of Swampy Area in Yu County (盂縣香河濱水空間環境綜合治理工程PPP項目) located in Yu County, Shanxi Province
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