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Volume 8, Issue 9 September 2017 Just CERFing

The Coastal Education and Research Foundation, Inc. (CERF) Official publisher of the Journal of Coastal Research (JCR)

Dr. Charles W. Finkl Dr. Christopher Makowski Barbara Russell Editor-in-Chief Deputy Editor-in-Chief Managing Editor Just CERFing Vol. 8, Issue 9, SeptemberJust CERFing 2017 Just CERFing Just CERFing 1 Back Table of Contents Next IN THIS ISSUE CERF Regional Vice Presidents Coastal Education & Research The Effect of Rock Collapse on Coastal Cliff Retreat along the Chalk Cliffs of Northern France Foundation, Inc. [CERF] In Memoriam: Paolo Antonio Pirazzoli (1939-2017) Now Available JCR Special Issue #79 Officers of the Foundation Analysis of Variance of Flood Events on the U.S. East Coast: The Impact of Sea-Level Rise on Flood Event Severity and Frequency Coasts in Crisis: A Global Challenge Distribution Pattern and Influencing Factors for Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) in Mangrove Communities at Dongzhaigang, China Coastal Wetlands: Alteration and Remediation Under the Sea: Archaeology and Palaeolandscapes of the Continental Shelf Coastal Research Library (CRL) Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series Encyclopedia of Marine Science Validating Sidescan Sonar as a Fish Survey Tool over Artificial Reefs The Edge: Advanced Title Information Stability of Seabed Sediments in the Embayments of North Rustico, Prince Edward Island, Canada International Coastal Symposium (ICS2018) President & Executive Director Senior Vice President & Assistant Director GeoArch-Hazards: International Conference Announcement Dr. Charles W. Finkl Dr. Christopher Makowski Combining Remote Sensing and Field Mapping Methods to Study the Vegetation [email protected] [email protected] Dynamics within a Coastal Wetland and Determine the Habitat Effects of a Threatened Bird Species (Emberiza schoeniclus witherbyi) CERF Website Membership Options Publish Your Photos CERF Board of Directors JCR Editorial Board CERF Lifetime Members CERF Patron Members Secretary Executive Assistant Heather M. Vollmer New CERF Members Barbara A. Russell [email protected] Current CERF Members JCR External Reviewers 2016 JCR Current Issue, Cover Photo 2 Just CERFing Vol. 8, Issue 9, September 2017 3 Back Table of Contents Next CERF RVP Coastal Education and Research Foundation [CERF] is pleased to announce our newly appointed Region- al Vice Presidents (RVP), who throughout the international scientific community continue to provide outstanding representation of our coastal research society. Please join us in honoring the following individuals for their tremendous service and support of CERF and the JCR.

CERF Regional Vice Presidents

Southeast Asia Western Europe Nobuo Mimura, D.Eng. Luciana S. Esteves, Ph.D. Carlos Pereira da Silva, Ph.D. North America Michael Phillips, Ph.D. James R. Houston, Ph.D. Marcel J.F. Stive, Ph.D. Victor V. Klemas, Ph.D. Orrin H. Pilkey, Jr., Ph.D. Oceania Charles Lemckert, Ph.D. South America Anja Scheffers, D.Sc. Vanda Claudino-Sales, Ph.D. Vic Semeniuk, Ph.D. Omar Defeo, D.Sc. Andrew D. Short, Ph.D. Eastern Europe Niki Evelpidou, Ph.D. Kazimierz K. Furmańczyk, D.Sc.

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CERF RVP (Southeast Asia) CERF RVP (South America) Nobuo Mimura, D.Eng. Vanda Claudino-Sales, Ph.D. Nobuo Mimura, D.Eng., is currently serving as the President of Ibaraki Vanda Claudino-Sales holds a Ph.D. in Geography from the Sorbonne University. His academic areas of expertise are global environmental engi- University and a Post-Doctorate in Coastal Geomorphology from the Uni- neering, coastal engineering, and adaptation policy to climate change. Dr. versity of South Florida; coming back later to those universities as visiting Mimura has also been a member of the advisory committees for Ministry of professor. Now, she is a professor in the Department of Geography at the Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Infrastructure, Land and Transportation, Min- Federal University of Ceará and part of the Master in Geography program istry of the Environment and Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, and at the State University Valley of Acarau, in Brazil. Her research focuses on Science and Technology. areas of geoscience, acting mainly in coastal geomorphology, environmental geomorphology and geoconservation. With her graduating students and CERF RVP (North America) her research team, she is currently studying the coastal dynamics and the impacts of development in tropical coasts. She also has an interest in coastal James R. Houston, Ph.D. management and participates in environmental social actions in Brazil. Jim Houston, Ph.D., is Director Emeritus of the U.S. Army Engineer Re- Omar Defeo, D.Sc. search and Development Center (ERDC), which includes all the research Omar Defeo, D.Sc., is a professor in the Marine Science Unit at the Uni- and development laboratories of the Corps of Engineers. He managed one of versidad de la República in Uruguay. He is also among a select group of the most diverse research organizations in the world – seven laboratories at ecologists worldwide working on sandy beach ecosystems and how they are four geographical sites, with over 2,000 employees and an annual program threatened by climate change. For the past 15 years, Prof. Defeo has also budget of $1.3 billion. Dr. Houston has published over 130 technical reports been involved in artisanal shellfisheries, ecology, and conservation of coast- and papers and has received several honors and awards including three Pres- al marine invertebrate biodiversity research in Latin America, primarily in idential Rank Awards and the National Beach Advocacy Award. Mexico and Chile. Vic Klemas, Ph.D. Vic Klemas, Ph.D., is Professor Emeritus in the University of Delaware’s CERF RVP (Eastern Europe) College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment. He directed UD’s Applied Ocean Science Program from 1981-98, and he has co-directed UD’s Center for Re- Niki Evelpidou, Ph.D. mote Sensing for more than 30 years. Dr. Klemas has served on six scien- Dr. Dr. M.Sc. Niki Evelpidou is an Associate Professor at the Faculty of Ge- tific committees of the National Research Council and received a number ology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Ath- of awards, including, in November 2010, the Science Prize of the Republic ens. She is a distinguished Doctor in both the Faculty of Geology and Geo- of Lithuania. The honor recognized his lifetime achievements in applying environment of the University of Athens and the Faculty of Geoarchaeology remote sensing and other advanced techniques to study coastal ecosystems. of the University of Franche Compte (France). Dr. Dr. Evelpidou is actively Orrin H. Pilkey, Jr., Ph.D. involved in the research fields of geomorphology, coastal geomorphology, sea level changes, palaeogeography, geology, spatial technologies, study and Orrin H. Pilkey, Ph.D., is a James B. Duke Professor Emeritus of Geology modelling of natural hazards, while emphasizing on the use of new technol- within the Division of Earth and Ocean Sciences and Director Emeritus of ogies and innovation. She counts more than 180 scientific publications and the Program for the Study of Developed Shorelines (PSDS) in the Nicho- 17 books and textbooks, while she has given many lectures in Greece and las School of the Environment and Earth Sciences at Duke University. Since abroad. 1965, Dr. Pilkey has been at Duke University with one-year breaks with the Department of Marine Science at the University of Puerto Rico, Mayaquez, Kazimierz K. Furmańczyk, D.Sc. and with the U.S. Geological Survey in Woods Hole, Massachusetts. His re- Kaz Furmańczyk, D.Sc., is currently Full Professor at the University of Szc- search career started with the study of shoreline/continental shelf sedimen- zecin and the Head of the Remote Sensing and Marine Cartography Unit at tation, progressed to the deep sea with emphasis on abyssal plain sediments, the Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences. Author and co-author of over and back to the nearshore with emphasis on coastal management. Dr. Pilkey 100 scientific publications including books (2) and chapters, journal articles, has published more than 250 technical publications and has authored, coau- abstracts, and conference papers. Contributions are mainly in the disciplines thored, or edited 39 books. of remote sensing, coastal sciences, hydrology, and oceanography. In May 2011, he served as the local Chair and Co-organizer of the 11th International Coastal Symposium (ICS) that took place in Szczecin, Poland.

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Luciana S. Esteves, Ph.D. Michael Phillips, Ph.D. Luciana Esteves, Ph.D., is a principal academic in the Faculty of Science Professor Mike R. Phillips (BSc, PGCE, MSc, PhD, MIEnvSc, FRGS) serves and Technology and Global Engagement Leader for the Department of Life as Pro Vice-Chancellor of Research, Innovation, Enterprise, and Commer- and Environmental Sciences, Bournemouth University, U.K. The scope of cialization at the University of Wales Trinity Saint David (Swansea Metropo- her research includes monitoring and quantifying coastal changes driven by lian). Professor Phillips research expertise includes coastal processes, mor- natural and human-induced process and the implications to coastal manage- phological change and adaptation to climate change and sea-level rise. ment. More recently, her work on managed realignment schemes in Europe Consultancy includes beach replenishment issues and developing techniques and practical applications of ecosystem based management in northeast to monitor underwater sediment movement to inform beach management. Brazil have led to capacity building workshops for government practitioners He is widely published and recently organized a session on Coastal Tourism and researchers in South Africa and Latin America. She was involved in the and Climate Change at UNESCO Headquarters in Paris as part of his role organising committee of the International Coastal Symposium 2013 and as a member of the Climate Change Working Group of the UNEP Global will co-chair the ICS in 2022. Dr. Esteves actively promotes gender equity Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands. in science (she is a founding member of the international network Women in Coastal Geosciences and Engineering) and undergraduate students engagement in research (she chaired the British Conference of Undergraduate Marcel J.F. Stive, Ph.D. Research in 2017 and coordinates the Showcasing Undergraduate Research Until 2010, Marcel Stive, Ph.D., was Scientific Director of the Water Re- Excellence conferences at Bournemouth University). search Centre Delft, which is now embedded in the Delft Research Initiative Environment. He currently holds the positions of: Chair of Coastal Engi- neering in the Section of Hydraulic Engineering and Department Head of Carlos Pereira da Silva, Ph.D. Hydraulic Engineering at Delft University of Technology. Dr. Stive was re- Carlos Pereira da Silva, Ph.D., is the Director of e-GEO within the Research cently appointed Knight in the Order of the Dutch Lion in theatre the Ri- Centre for Geography and Regional Planning at the Universidade Nova de jswijkse Schouwburg in Rijswijk. He was presented with this award for his Lisboa, Portugal. Dr. Pereira da Silva's research interests are mainly focused outstanding record as a top researcher, much consulted expert, distinguished on coastal zone management, with specific emphasis in beach management, engineer, and inspiring teacher. public participation studies, and carrying capacity. A long time supporter of CERF and the JCR, in April 2009, he served as the local Chair and Co-organizer of the 10th International Coastal Symposium (ICS) that took place in Lisbon, Portugal.

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Charles Lemckert, Ph.D. Vic Semeniuk, Ph.D. Charles Lemckert, Ph.D., is the Head of Discipline of Civil Engineering at Vic Semeniuk, Ph.D., is a natural history research scientist, specialising in Griffith University's School of Engineering. He has active research interests coastal, estuarine and wetland environments, and mangrove and tidal flat in the fields of physical limnology, coastal systems, environmental moni- environments. He has 45 years experience in scientific research in Australia, toring techniques, environmental fluid dynamics, coastal zone manage- Europe, Canada, the USA, Ireland, the United Kingdom, and South Afri- ment, and engineering education. Along with his postgraduate students and ca. Dr. Semeniuk is currently the Director of the Research & Development research partners, Dr. Lemckert is undertaking research studies on water Firm, the V & C Semeniuk Research Group, and has over 130 publications in treatment pond design (for recycling purposes), the dynamics of drinking refereed scientific journals. He also has a proactive interest in conservation water reservoirs, the study of whale migration in southeast Queensland wa- and coastal management, and has published multiple scientific works direct- ters, and ocean mixing dynamics. In 2007, he served as the local Chair and ly and indirectly leading to this objective. Co-organizer of the 9th International Coastal Symposium (ICS) along the Gold Coast of Australia. Andrew D. Short, Ph.D. Andy Short, Ph.D., served as the Director of the Coastal Studies Unit at The Anja Scheffers, D.Sc. University of Sydney and has been the National Coordinator of the Austra-lian Anja Scheffers, D.Sc., is currently Full Professor at Southern Cross University Beach Safety and Management Program in cooperation with Surf Life Saving in Lismore, NSW, Australia. Her main area of study is coastal evolution, in- Australia. Dr. Short is mainly interested in the processes and mor-phology of cluding sea-level change and marine physical natural hazards. Her research coastal systems. His present research focuses on the beach and barrier systems specializes in using sedimentary signatures to decipher long-term records of Australia, as it relates to the morphodynamics of repre-sentative systems in of environmental change from the natural environment. She is particular- variable wave and tide environments, and in the nature, hazards, and usage of ly interested in processes that shape and modify coastal landscapes over a all Australia beach systems. variety of length and time scales and the coupling and feedback between such processes, their rates, and their relative roles, especially in the contexts of variation in climatic and tectonic influences and in light of changes due to human impact. Dr. Scheffers is also the recipient of the ARC Future Fel- lowship Award for "Unraveling Western Australia's Stormy Past - A Precise- ly-Dated Sediment Record of Cyclones over the past 7000 years" and has been awarded multiple research grants from such prestigious entities as the German Research Council, the German Research Foundation, and the Aus- tralian Research Council.

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The Effect of Rock Collapse on Coastal Cliff Retreat along the Chalk Cliffs of Northern France

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The Effect of Rock Collapse on Coastal Cliff Retreat along the Chalk Cliffs of Northern France

Jamal El Khattabi, Erick Carlier, and Barbara Louche

Civil Engineering and Geo-Environment Laboratory University of Lille 1 Polytech'Lille 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France

ABSTRACT ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS: Fracturing, geomechanics, collapse, coast- Coastal retreat is a topic that concerns all countries located on the coastal line retreat, modeling. edge. This is the case for the chalky cliffs located in the north of France. Here, INTRODUCTION the cliff base is characterized by chalk rock rich in clay with low mechanical Coastal erosion is a natural phenomenon, but this process is not always the characteristics. To understand the appearance of rock collapses causing cliff result of natural causes, because anthropogenic actions can lead to an im- retreat, the methodology applied in this report is based on an analytical study balance, notably by limiting the volume of sand required for the stability of and numerical modeling. The model developed with CESAR (i.e. finite ele- beaches (Paskoff, 1998). Littoral areas are naturally dynamic, and changes can ment software dedicated to stability) shows deformation affecting gray and blue occur on a short timescale and must be quantiﬁed to reach an understanding chalk with separations reaching 3 cm. Simulations carried out with UDEC (i.e. of the mechanisms at work. The evolution of the coastline is a very good indi- Universal Distinct Element Code) show that constraints are organized around cator of these changes. Therefore, knowledge of coastal dynamics is a necessary joints when the blocks rearrange themselves, and the effects are mainly seen at precondition for the management of coasts and, in particular, beaches, which the base of the cliff. This study demonstrates the appearance of irregular conju- may contribute signiﬁcantly to a local economy. To complete such an investigate fractures within the marly levels of the blue chalk. This type of fracture ap- gation successfully, it is often necessary to characterize how the position of the pears as a result of pressure from the overlying layers and the influence of lateral coastline has changed overtime (Grenier and Dubois, 1990; Paskoff, 1993). stress induced by the “Grand Blanc Nez” formation. These fractures propagate The morphological characteristics and historical context of the north coast of towards the gray chalk and set the limits of different blocks. The displacement France (Opale coast), extending for 140 km from Authie’s estuary in the south of these blocks leads to the obstruction of conduits, which increases the water to the Belgian border in the north, have been the focus of several erosion stud- pressure. The destabilization of the cliff is reflected in the appearance of release ies (Battiau-Queney et al., 1995, 2003; Briquet, 1930). cracks, which are strongly influenced by variations in groundwater level. These findings were verified by numerical modeling. This example demonstrates that Natural phenomena (mass movements, erosion) can affect the stability of the rock collapses are responsible for coastline retreat in this area. The combination coastline by contributing to coastline retreat and threatening bordering hous- of unpredictable natural phenomena associated with a concentrated spatial area es or other structures or infrastructure (Genna et al., 2005). Since the Second creates a high-risk coastal area retreating at around 0.25 m/y. World War, techniques for the characterization of shoreline variations have ad-

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vanced immensely (aerial photography, software for terrain correction, usage housse, 2006). Thus, retreat was measured at 0.25 m/y at Grand Blanc-Nez, of GIS; e.g., Chaaban et al., 2012; Crowell, Leatherman, and Buckley, 1993; 0.14 m/y at Petit Blanc-Nez, and 0.08 m/y at Cran d’Escalles for the period Gaillot and Chave-rot, 2001; Moore, 2000; Robin, 2002). At a global level, as between 1944 and 1999 (Figure 2). in France, the general trend is for coastal erosion. Thus, on sandy coasts, aver- However, between 1999 and 2002, a series of rock collapses at Cran d’Es- age retreats of between 0.5 and 1 m/y are most frequent, but these values can calles alerted the authorities about the dangers of the site (Figure 3). This se- occasionally be much greater, for example, in the center of Wissant Bay (more ries of movements coincided with high tides and storms with heavy rainfall. than 4 m/y) in the Pas-de-Calais region (Meur-Férec and Morel, 2004). The highest retreat values (between 6 and 8 m) were observed immediately to Retreat of coastal cliffs is directly linked to the stability of rock masses. Mass the north of Cran d’Escalles (Pierre and Lahousse, 2004). movements depend on instability factors (e.g., El Khattabi and Carlier, 2004; The elevation of the Grand Blanc-Nez and the Petit Blanc-Nez areas, com- Ghosh, Kumar, and Bora, 2014; Sjoberg, 1999), which can be internal (i.e. bined with rainfall and groundwater levels, gives rise to a discontinuous evolu- groundwater, geomechanics, slope, structure, and geological nature, etc.) and/ tion, composed of generalized or isolated events. Cliff height can be a signifi- or external (i.e. anthropogenic, swell, sea spray, wind, rainfall, etc.). cant factor for instability (Pierre and Lahousse, 2006). In order to check these In Upper Normandy and Picardy (France), or in East Sussex and Kent (U.K.), postulates, this study aimed to determine the origin of instability factors that cliff retreat occurs as a result of unpredictable and sudden collapses of vertical affected the cliffs in the area of Cran d’Escalles between 1998 and 2005. coastal cliffs composed entirely of chalk (Duperret et al., 2004; Hutchinson, In the case of rock mass instability phenomena, rupture is observed when 2002; Mortimore et al., 2004). In the north of France, coastline evolution there is a geometric combination of discontinuities that form blocks that are depends on the nature of the shoreline (sand or bedrock) but also on the geo- kinematically free to move. The expression ‘‘planar rupture’’ is used when logical nature of the cliffs (Figure 1). Thus, sandy coasts are marked by retreat, the surface shows simple discontinuity, two discontinuities intercepting each which can be more than 4 m/y; this is the case in Wissant Bay. The cliffs there other, or a combination of several interconnected discontinu-ities. The large consist of lithological successions of sandstones and clays of Upper Jurassic blocks or assemblies of several small blocks may be free to move. Moreover, age, which differ from the chalk cliffs of the Cretaceous in having a significant- overturned ruptures may occur in rock columns composed of quasi-vertical ly higher rate of retreat. The protected area, cape ‘‘Grand Blanc-Nez,’’ which is discontinuities (e.g., Goodman and Bray, 1976; Hoek and Bray, 1981). Good- not really a cape, accommodates approximately a million visitors annually. In man and Bray (1976) made a distinction between primary overturn (which spite of its slow evolution, this area is of interest because of the risks related to only occurs under gravity and in situ constraints) and secondary overturn rock collapses. (which is provoked by other phenomena). The expressions ‘‘overturn under The retreat values for the chalky cliffs in the Grand Blanc-Nez were report- declivity’’ and ‘‘rupture by subsidence’’ are employed to discuss slope ruptures ed for the first time in 1930 by Briquet. Other authors (Lahousse, Pierre, where discontinuities have the same direction. and Lanoy-Ratel, 2000) used methods based primarily on historical analysis Numerical modeling allows most mechanical problems to be examined thanks of site evolu-tion, starting from historical documents (land registers, vertical to recent major advances in computing. However, the more parameters in- and oblique aerial photographs) and followed up by contemporary evidence. volved, the more difficult modeling becomes. Consequently, a methodology is Regarding the pace of evolution, Blanc-Nez and cape Petit Blanc-Nez have required to describe the preparation of data files for model application (e.g., El undergone isolated and major collapses responsible for a high rate of retreat. Khattabi et al., 2002; Le Cossec et al., 2011). This study uses both analytical Other sectors are eroded more slowly but more consistently (Pierre and La-

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and laboratory studies as well as digital modeling to characterize the evolution out by Colbeaux et al.(1993) over more than 30 km from Boulogne to Cal- of the chalk cliffs in the north of France affected by rock movements. It focuses ais. Those observations cover units spanning from the Upper Jurassic to the on explaining the genesis of the rock collapses that have affected these cliffs. Upper Cretaceous. Geological and Geographical Context From a hydrogeological point of view, three levels are distinguished from Cape Grand Blanc-Nez no longer has a cape morphology because of shoreline the top to the bottom of the cliff (Figure 3): (1) chalk and marly chalk down retreat. It represents the northern section of Artois around the area of Boulon- to the limit of the Middle Turonian characterized by high permeability; (2) nais. Situated 13 km west of Calais (Figure 1), it covers an area of around 50 gray and blue marls from the Lower Turonian to Cenomanian, which are less hectares. From Sangatte, there is a relatively gentle and regular slope up to the permeable; and (3) Albian Gault Clay, which is gray-blue and impermeable. top of the plateau (134 m), and then it suddenly drops off in the direction of It is not present in the cliff at deeper levels. Escalles (Figure 3). Piezometric fluctuations can be assessed from measurements carried out in a The whole cliff is characterized by a chalk formation enriched with marl at borehole situated 150 m from the site. These groundwater-level variations are depth. From the beach to the top of the cliff, there is an Upper Cretaceous controlled by precipitation. Moreover, examination of springs on the cliff face succession (Figure 3). Observations of joints and fractures have been carried suggest that these flows are controlled by the density of fracturing. Injection tests carried out by Bracq and Brunin (1999) showed that groundwater flow is characteristic of a fissured environment.

Figure 1. Nord-Pas-de-Calais coastline evolution between 1963 and 2000 showing areas of erosion, sometimes >115 m in the sandy coasts, and areas of progradation (Chaverot, 2006).

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Figure 2. Quantiﬁcation of cliff retreat between Petit Blanc-Nez and Fond du Guet (period: 1944–99) by photogrammetric analysis (Pierre and Lahousse, 2006). The cape Blanc-Nez shows the most retreat (0.25 m/y).

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Figure 3. Area of Cape Grand Blanc-Nez. (A) Geographical location and panoramic view of cliffs affected by rock collapses. (B) Cliff lithostratigraphy showing different chalk layers of Lower Cenomanian to Upper Turonian age.

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Figure 4. Fracturing of chalk cliffs in northern France. The study area shows an important density of fracturing.

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Figure 5. Release cracks and setting up of concrete blocks. The measuring device composed of concrete blocks was placed on top of the cliff to continuously measure the opening of release cracks.

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Figure 7. Images showing conjugate fractures at different locations on the cliff. Two types of fractures were identiﬁed: (A) regular conjugate fractures (uneven azimuths), and (B) irregular conjugate fractures (even azimuths).

Figure 6. Representation of fracturing from the whole cliff on a Schmidt stereogram: (A) poles and plane directions, (B) rose diagram, (C) pole density, and (D) poles of poles and their directions.

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Figure 8. Main directions of measured fractures in the study area: Cran d’Escalles (poles and directions, density of poles, rose diagram).

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Figure 9. Groups of fractures (A, B, C, D) according to apparent dip value (Cran d’Es- calles).

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Figure 11. Measured movements related to blocks: (A) horizontal and (B) vertical. These movements became signiﬁcant from October 2000.

Figure 10. Example of distribution of fractures per sample for group A. I, density; II, number; III, length.

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Figure 12. Stress distribution within the mass, showing isovalues of major (A) and minor (B) stresses.

Figure 13. Distribution of displacement vectors for blocks within the cliff. (A) Cal- culation of displacements in the rock mass without any water showsan important concentration at the base of the cliff. (B) Calculation of displacements in the rock mass with presence of water shows ascending movements.

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Figure 14. Conjugate fractures observed near Grand Blanc-Nez. (a) Conjugate fractures in white chalk. (b) Conjugate fractures limited to blue chalk. (c) Intense crushing zone. (d, e) Extension of fractures with change of dip (refraction).

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Figure 15. Two-dimensional model of the cliff: isovalues of displacement. The study area (Cran d’Escalle) shows the most important displacements (3.06 cm).

To access this full JCR Research Article, please visit: http://www.jcronline.org/doi/abs/10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-16-00116.1

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Paolo AntonioIn Memoriam Pirazzoli (1939-2017)

Above are some recent photos, arranged in a collage, of Paolo during his last fieldworks and research activities. He was active until the end, a wish probably held by most of us. Paolo Pirazzoli was an Associate Editor of the Journal of Coastal Research since 1985 when the in- Kenya) and the Indian Ocean area (Seychelles, Indonesia, Iran, French "Iles Eparses"). augural issue was published. He was a long-time friend that will be very much missed. The following He published several books and more than 250 professional papers in scientific journals. In ad- are some random comments about the man and his professional accomplishments. dition to being an Associate Editor of the Journal of Coastal Research (published by the Coastal Ed- Paolo Antonio Pirazzoli was born in Venice (Italy) in 1939 and became a naturalized French citizen ucation and Research Foundation), he was Editor of Global and Planetary Change (Elsevier) since its in 1979. Paolo had educational and professional backgrounds in civil engineering, coastal geomor- foundation in 1989. phology, and physical geography. Perhaps most notably, he was the international leader of IGCP [In- Beyond being an excellent scientist and accomplished researcher, Paolo was a wonderful colleague, ternational Geological Correlation Programme] (Unesco-IUGS) Project 200 "Sea-Level Correlation teacher, and mentor. He loved his professional research activities and was active until the very last and Applications" (from 1983 to 1987) that included more than 600 participants from 67 countries. moment. His most recent (last) paper was published in September of 2017. He served science with Paolo also actively participated in several subsequent IGCP international research projects related to pride, honesty, dignity, as was his whole attitude towards life. sea-level changes in the Quaternary. A few years ago, in the beginning of winter for 10 continuous days he was swimming and diving Paolo was a partner in several European Commission research projects: "Investigation of Past and along the rocky coasts of the Euboean Gulf from sunset to sundown. He was there, always first, Future European Sea-Level Changes and their Impacts" (1987-1990); "Climate Change, Sea-Level with a smile and a willingness to pass on his knowledge and experience. When he went back home, Rise and Associated Impacts in Europe" (1991-1993); and "Relative Sea-Level Changes and Ex- he had open-heart surgery. A few months later he was fearless, proud, tireless, in the central Aegean, treme Flooding Events around European Coasts" (1993-1995). He also took part in the EC project swimming and diving in the middle of nowhere in the name of research! "Storminess and Environmentally Sensitive Atlantic Coastal Areas of the European Union" (1997- Nothing could stop Paolo from accomplishing what he wanted as he was truly dedicated to science. 2000), in the interregional (U.K.-France) project "Beaches at Risk" (2003-2005), and in several scien- Paolo was a great teacher and a unique mentor to all those who came in contact with him. Paolo is tific cooperation programmes between France and Greece (1990-1991), France and Italy (1996-1997 now gone but he will always be here in our hearts! Because of his high morals and inviting character, and 1999-2000), and France and Hong Kong (2001-2003). In the late 1990s Paolo participated in a his amicable personality helped to shape the persona of many of his colleagues in a positive way. working group of the City of Venice for an assessment of safeguard activities against flooding in the This remarkable attribute of Paolo's personality was reflected in his down to earth approach to life lagoon. More recently, he was an active partner in the French project related to near-future sea-level and work, so much so that all those who came in contact with this remarkable man appreciated his extremes "Discobole" (2004-2007) (http://discobole.cetmef.equipement.gouv.fr/discobole). humility. In a word, Paolo was a beacon that showed the life, the way, and honor for many of us. Paolo's field experience includes geomorphological surveys in several countries of the Mediter- ranean area, of the Pacific region (Japan, Taiwan, French Polynesia), Africa (Senegal, Mauritania, Niki Evelpidou (Greece) Charles W. Finkl (U.S.A.)

42 Just CERFing Vol. 8, Issue 9, September 2017 43 Back Table of Contents Next Now Available Cover image: Longreach Bay on Rottnest Island, JCR Special Issue #79 Perth, Western Australia

Cover image: Longreach Bay on Rottnest Island, Perth, Western Australia. Longreach Bay is a popular swimming location on Rottnest Island, Western Australia. Rottnest Is- land lies 18 kilometers west of the coastline of Perth, Western Australia, and is 4.5 km at its widest and 11 km long. Longreach Bay is located along the northwest coast of Rottnest Island and offers safe bathing for many novice swimmers. However, those more experienced bathers can feel the excitement of swimming in deep water by rounding the bends of the reefs and venturing out to the open great pools that lie beyond. This area is shielded and sharks cannot enter, so the main hazard to fear are Atlantic Portuguese man o' war (Physalia physalis), which are locally known as blue-bottles. Overall, the waters of Longreach Bay are an absolute delight to all swimmers, as it feels like the seas' best vintage was filtered through miles of reefs. (Photograph taken 28 January 2016 by Dr. Jooyong Jay Lee, Sungkyunkwan University [SKKU], Suwon, Republic of Korea). Please visit our official JCR online website to view this content: http://www.jcronline.org/toc/coas//79

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Analysis of Variance of Flood Events on the U.S. East Coast: The Impact of Sea-Level Rise on Flood Event Severity and Frequency

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Analysis of Variance of Flood Events on the U.S. East Coast: The Impact of Sea-Level Rise on Flood Event Severity and Frequency

John R. Schedel Jr.† and Angela Luzier Schedel‡

†Mechanical Engineering Department ‡Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering Department U.S. Naval Academy U.S. Naval Academy Annapolis, MD 21402, U.S.A. Annapolis, MD 21402, U.S.A.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION This is an investigation to quantify the severity and frequency of coastal flood Since Hurricane Katrina devastated New Orleans in 2005 and Hurricane events on the U.S. East Coast. Flood events are defined as instances during Sandy ravaged New Jersey in 2012, the mainstream media report regularly that which the water level exceeds a predetermined threshold. An examination of storm events in the United States, especially on the East Coast, are becoming monthly water-level data from 13 locations on the U.S. East Coast shows an more severe and more frequent. However, there is no consensus among scien- increasing mean sea-level trend. Analysis of variance was used to compare the tists that storm variability shows an increasing trend. Various studies report frequency of flood events. At all 13 locations, flood events were compared to that storms along the U.S. East Coast show an increased frequency and in- established moderate and minor flood stages in the pre-1990 and post-1990 tensity over the past few decades (Landsea et al., 2010; Nebel, Trembanis, and time frames. Flood stages are defined as water-level heights associated with Barber, 2013). Other research suggests no evidence supports increased storm various levels of flooding. For all locations, compared to absolute water heights trends (Pielke et al., 2008; Zhang, Douglas, and Leatherman, 2000). based on a fixed datum, these flood stages were exceeded more frequently to- In low-lying areas, coastal flooding shows an apparently worsening trend. day than in the past. However, when the effects of sea-level rise were negated, Residents of Annapolis, Maryland; Norfolk, Virginia; and Miami Beach, Flor- flood events were shown to occur at similar rates today as in the past. Flood ida, for example, have personal relationships with regularly occurring floods events that were significantly higher than the mean sea level occurred with the (Spanger-Sieg-fried, Fitzpatrick, and Dahl, 2014). The threat of flooding af- same frequency over the past century. Based on absolute water levels, flood fects their daily commutes, where they park their cars overnight, and how events are more severe and more frequent than in the past. However, if the much longer they plan to live in their current homes. Throughout America, effects of sea-level rise are negated, flood events show little to no change in residents of coastal communities have experienced similar issues. severity or frequency. Coastal flood events are starting from a higher baseline Coastal flood events, instances during which the water level exceeds a set height because of sea-level rise. Thus, the same severity of a flood event today threshold, seem to occur more often and with greater intensity than ever be- reaches a greater absolute height than an identical flood would have reached fore. Publicly available, historical water-level data from National Oceanic and 50 or 100 years ago. Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) tidal gauges support this hypothesis. ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS: ANOVA, tidal statistics, sea-level change. This research is a closer investigation to quantify the severity and frequency of

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coastal ﬂood events on the U.S. East Coast, using analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistical methods to analyze data trends over time.

Figure 1. Global sea level shows an increasing and accelerating trend over the past century. Annapolis local sea level exhibits a similar trend but at higher rates (data adapted from Church and White, 2011; NOAA, 2016; Parris et al., 2012).

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Figure 2. Monthly maximum and mean water-level values for Annapolis show almost identical increasing trends (data adapted from NOAA, 2016).

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Figure 3. The monthly extreme flood event is the difference between the monthly maximum and the monthly mean water level. The trend of this residual value shows a slope of nearly zero for the tidal gauge at Annapolis. This supports the conclusion that the severity of coastal flood events is greatly influenced by local sea-level trends (data adapted from NOAA, 2016).

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Figure 4. The monthly maximum and mean water levels for Annapolis are shown with the major, moderate, and minor flood stage levels at that location. Each time the monthly maximum water level exceeds one of these flood stages, a significant flood event has occurred (data adapted from NOAA, 2016).

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Figure 5. The box-and-whisker plots show the number of months between ﬂood events in Annapolis. The whiskers show the minimum and maximum for each dataset. The box contains all values from the 25% to 75% quartiles. The small p value from ANOVA comparison indicates that the two datasets, pre-1990 and post-1990 for each ﬂood stage, are statistically different (data adapted from NOAA, 2016).

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Figure 6. The monthly extreme flood events for Annapolis are shown with the major, moderate, and minor flood stage levels with the effects of sea-level rise negated. Each time the residual exceeds one of these flood stages, a significant flood event has occurred (data adapted from NOAA, 2016).

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Figure 7. The box-and-whisker plots show the number of months between flood events, with the effects of sea-level rise negated, in Annapolis. The whiskers show the minimum and maximum for each dataset. The box contains all values from the 25% to 75% quartiles. The large p value from ANOVA comparison indicates that the two datasets, pre-1990 and post-1990 for each flood stage with the effects of sea-level rise negated, are not statistically different. This supports the conclusion that the frequency of coastal flood events is greatly influenced by local sea-level trends (data adapted from NOAA, 2016).

To access this full JCR Research Article, please visit: http://www.jcronline.org/doi/abs/10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-16-00205.1

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RECENTLY PUBLISHED

Coastal regions around the world have become increasingly crowded, intensively developed, and severely exploited. Hundreds of millions of people living in these low-lying areas are subject to short-term coastal hazards such as cyclones, hurricanes, and destruction due to El Niño, and are also exposed to the long-term threat of global sea-level rise. These massive concentrations of people ex- pose often-fragile coastal environments to the runoff and pollution from municipal, industrial, and agricultural sources as well as the impacts of resource exploitation and a wide range of other human impacts. Can environmental impacts be reduced or mitigated and can coastal regions adapt to natural hazards? Coasts in Crisis is a comprehensive assessment of the impacts that the human population is having on the coastal zone globally and the diverse ways in which coastal hazards impact human settlement and development. Dr. Gary Griggs provides a concise overview of the individual hazards, risks, and issues threatening the coastal zone. For more information, please visit: https://www.amazon.com/Coasts-Crisis-Challenge-Gary-Griggs/dp/0520293622

Editorial Reviews: "The roadmap to a healthy and sustainable ocean is filled with twists and turns. In Coasts in Crisis, Gary Griggs walks the reader through the science of each challenge, from the natural coastal process to the substantial impacts of human activities. This is a must-read for all of us working toward an ocean ecosystem that we would want to hand off to future generations."—John Laird, California Secretary for Natural Resources and Chair of the Ocean Protection Council "All around the world, population and economic development are increasingly concentrated in coastal regions. This means our planet’s coastal zones are both ever more vital to societal well-being and increasingly stressed by development and population. Nobody understands these natural and human dynamics better than Gary Griggs. Written with Griggs’s trademark clarity and passion, Coasts in Crisis provides a global perspective on the challenges and opportunities that are present for us all."—Kathryn D. Sullivan, Former NOAA Administrator and NASA Astronaut "Coasts in Crisis is a comprehensive and accessible book that should become a must-read for anyone who is concerned about the future of the life support system on Earth that sustains us all. Human activities have vastly altered these critical habitats and it’s time to invest in understanding and protecting them for the future. Gary Griggs’s book is a great place to develop such understanding and build momentum toward this goal."—Julie Packard, Executive Director, Monterey Bay Aquarium About the Author: Dr. Gary Griggs is Distinguished Professor of Earth Sciences at the University of California, Santa Cruz. He is author (or coauthor) of Introduction to California’s Beaches and Coast, Living with the Changing California Coast, California Coast from the Air, The Santa Cruz Coast (Then and Now), and Our Ocean Backyard. Dr. Griggs is also a member of the Journal of Coastal Research (JCR) Editorial Board and serves on the Coastal Education & Research Foundation (CERF) Board of Directors.

64 Just CERFing Vol. 8, Issue 9, September 2017 Continued on Next Page 65 Back Table of Contents Next NEW FROM UC PRESS

Coasts in Crisis A Global Challenge GARY GRIGGS

“This is a must-read for all of us working toward an ocean ecosystem that we would want to hand off to future generations.” —John Laird, California Secretary for Natural Resources and Chair of the Ocean Protection Council

“Written with Griggs’s trademark clarity and passion, Coasts in Crisis provides a global perspective on the challenges and opportunities that are present for us all.” —Kathryn D. Sullivan, Former NOAA Administrator and NASA Astronaut

“A comprehensive and accessible book that should become a must-read for anyone who is concerned about the future of the life support system on Earth that sustains us all.” —Julie Packard, Executive Director, Monterey Bay Aquarium

Coasts in Crisis is a comprehensive assessment of the impacts that the human population is Online ordering is currently available in the U.S. and having on the coastal zone globally and the diverse ways in which coastal hazards impact Canada only. human settlement and development. Gary Griggs provides a concise overview of the individual For customers in the UK and Europe: call John Wiley & Sons +44 (0) 1243 843291. hazards, risks, and issues threatening the coastal zone.

For all other territories, visit: Gary Griggs is Distinguished Professor of Earth Sciences at the University of California, http://www.ucpress.edu/go/ordering Santa Cruz. He is author or coauthor of Introduction to California’s Beaches and Coast, Living with the Changing California Coast, California Coast from the Air, The Santa Cruz Coast (Then and Now), and Our Ocean Backyard.

360 pp. 6 x 9 Illus: 174 color images 978-0-520-29361-8 $85.00 | £70.95 Cloth 978-0-520-29362-5 $29.95 | £24.95 Paper August 2017

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Distribution Pattern and Inﬂuencing Factors for Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) in Mangrove Communities at Dongzhaigang, China

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Distribution Pattern and Inﬂuencing Factors for Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) in Mangrove Communities at Dongzhaigang, China

Xing Huang†, Xueping Wang‡, Xiuzhen Li†, Kun Xin§, Zhongzheng Yan†, Yongguang Sun††, and Richard Bellerby†

†State Key Laboratory of Estuarine ‡School of Ecological §College of Life Science ††National Marine Environment and Coastal Research and Environmental Sciences Hainan Normal University Monitoring Center East China Normal University East China Normal University Haikou 571158, P.R. China Dalian 116023, P.R. China Shanghai 200062, P.R. China Shanghai 200241, P.R. China

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Mangrove wetlands constitute an important carbon pool and play an import- Mangroves are unique vegetation communities found in the upper part of ant role in the global carbon balance. Understanding the distribution and in- the tidal zone of tropical and subtropical regions. These systems have import- fluencing factors for soil organic carbon (SOC) in different mangrove commu- ant ecological service functions, such as providing baits, refuge and feeding nities can improve the estimation of carbon sink capacity. The SOC content zones for marine organisms; contributing to coastline protection; and reduc- and physicochemical properties were investigated from six mangrove commu- ing the harm done by sea-level rise (Alongi, 2008; Holguin, Vazquez, and nities dominated by Avicennia marina, Aegiceras corniculatum, Bruguiera sexan- Bashan, 2001; Kauffman et al., 2011). Mangroves are also important for mass gula, Sonneratia apetala, Rhizophora stylosa, or Ceriops tagal in Dongzhaigang, exchange between ocean and land, linking the carbon cycles, and play an im- Southern China. The SOC content ranged from 2.60 to 89.51 g kg−1 with a portant role in global carbon balance (Dittmar et al., 2006; Dittmar, Lara, mean of 18.35 g kg−1. The SOC content and density decreased with the depth and Kattner, 2001; Jennerjahn and Ittekkot, 2002; Kristensen et al., 2008). from surface to bottom and with the tidal gradient from the low intertidal Mangroves have high carbon concentration because of their high productivity, zone to the high intertidal zone except for the SOC density in the soils of the thick soils, and anaerobic conditions (Donato et al., 2011). three arbor communities (S. apetala, R. stylosa, and B. sexangula). The SOC Although the area of mangroves is less than 0.1% of the total land on Earth, content was more related to soil nutrient elements such as total nitrogen, total the carbon stocks account for 10 to 11% of the total translocation from land phosphorus, and total potassium than to pH, bulk density, conductivity, and to ocean, while about 15% of these translocations of carbon are accumulat- other soil environmental factors. Among these six mangrove plants, R. stylosa ed in modern marine sediments (Bouillon et al., 2008; Dittmar et al., 2006; and A. corniculatum should be highly prioritized during mangrove restoration Jenner-jahn and Ittekkot, 2002).When compared with other terrestrial eco- for the higher soil carbon sequestration rate and the stronger adaptive capacity. systems, mangroves soil carbon content is approximately four to eight times ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS: Physicochemical property, correlation anal- higher than that of tropical savanna and two to three times greater than that ysis. of forests (Donato et al., 2012; Twilley, Chen, and Hargis, 1992). Moreover, mangrove wetlands are among the most productive types of wetlands on Earth, capable of ﬁxing 2500 mg m-2 of carbon every day (Jennerjahn and Ittekkot,

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2002). In the Pacific tropical region, the carbon stock in mangroves is 830 to Wong, 1998; Wang et al., 2013). These studies showed that the influencing 1218 Mg ha-1,with 631 to 754 Mg stored in the soil, which is higher than the factors of SOC distribution were complicated and that quantitative analysis of total carbon stock of other ecosystems (Donato et al., 2012). influencing factors for SOC accumulation is valuable and necessary for differ- In mangrove ecosystems, 62 to 76% of the carbon is stored in the soil (Dona- ent areas. to et al., 2012). In the Indo-Pacific region, the carbon stock in the mangroves In China, mangroves are naturally distributed along the coasts of the Hainan, had an average of 1023 Mg ha-1 and accounted for 49 to 98% of carbon stor- Guangdong, Guangxi, and Fujian Provinces. Among them, the Dongzhaigang age in soil from 0.5 to more than 3 m (Donato et al., 2011). In the Kandelia mangrove wetland in NE Hainan Island is the largest and earliest national obovata forest of the Manko wetland at Okinawa Island, Japan, the soil organic mangrove nature reserve in China. However, stocks, distribution character- carbon (SOC) content within a depth of 1 m was 57.3 Mg ha-1, almost equal istics, and influencing factors of the mangrove SOC at Dongzhaigang have to the storage of organic carbon (OC) in the mangrove plants (Khan, Suwa, not been fully studied yet (Xin et al., 2014; Zhan et al., 2015). Therefore, the and Hagihara, 2007). In the Hinchinbrook Channel of Australia, the OC con- specific objectives of this study were to investigate the distribution of SOC in tent of mangrove soil from 0 to 50 cm was 296 t ha-1, accounting for 64% of different mangrove communities and to reveal the relationship between the the total OC stock in this region (Matsui, 1998). In Micronesia, mangrove physicochemical properties of soil and the SOC. This will contribute to the ecosystem carbon storage ranged from 479 to 1385 Mg ha-1, and nearly 70% estimation accuracy of the global coastal carbon pool and provide a scientific of the carbon was deposited in soil within a depth of 1 to 2 m (Kauffman et basis for wetland restoration along the China coast. al., 2011). Overall, these findings indicate that mangrove forests are important surface carbon pools that vary greatly spatially and vertically (Kristensen et al., 2008). The growth environment of mangroves is complex and diverse, resulting in diversified carbon storage (Kristensen et al., 2008). Previous studies indicated that the SOC of mangroves is influenced by plant types (Wang et al., 2013), soil depths (Donato et al., 2012), phenolic material concentration (Saraswati et al., 2016), and soil physical and chemical factors such as nitrogen (N; Batjes, 1996), phosphorus (P; Boto and Wellington, 1984), the carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio (Bouillon et al., 2003), potassium (K; Xin et al., 2014), pH (Tam and Wong, 1998), bulk density (Avnimelech et al., 2001), and water content (Wang et al., 2009). Even in the same area, the distribution of SOC is not homogeneous as a result of the different vegetation biomass and soil physicochemical properties (Huxham et al., 2010; Sherman, Fahey, and Martinez, 2003). At different positions of intertidal zone, the conditions of nutrient elements are different in both soil and plant organs, which generally increased along with the tidal elevation (He et al., 2007). Furthermore, the change of total ecosystem carbon pools, including carbon accumulated in both biomass and soil, was mainly influenced by the change of tidal elevation (Tam and

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Figure 1. A. marina community in Dongzhaigang, Hainan Island.

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Figure 2. S. apetala community in Dongzhaigang, Hainan Island.

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Figure 3. Sampling sites in the study area. Site I, R. stylosa: 20.002° N, 110.541° E; Site II, A. corniculatum: 19.975° N, 110.543° E; Site III, C. tagal: 19.9718 N, 110.551° E; Site IV, A. marina: 19.978° N, 110.563° E; Site V, S. apetala: 19.930° N, 110.589° E; Site VI, B. sexangula: 19.929° N, 110.589° E.

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Figure 4. Distribution of SOC content at different depths in Figure 5. Distribution of SOC density at different depths in the the six mangrove communities at Dongzhaigang, Hainan Is- six mangrove communities at Dongzhaigang, Hainan Island. (a) land. (a) to (d) Signiﬁcant difference (p < 0.05) among differ- to (d) Signiﬁcant difference (p < 0.05) among different depths ent depths according to the one-way ANOVA. according to the one-way ANOVA.

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Figure 6. Distribution of SOC content and density for different mangrove communities at Dongzhaigang, Hainan Island. Figure 7. Ordination diagram of the RDA between the SOC content and density and the different soil physicochemical properties. SOCC, SOC content; SOCD, SOC density.

To access this full JCR Research Article, please visit: http://www.jcronline.org/doi/abs/10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-16-00207.1

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This book delves into human-induced and natural impacts on coastal wetlands, intended or otherwise, through a series of vignettes that elucidate the environmental insults and efforts at amelioration and remediation. The alteration, and subsequent restoration, of wetland habitats remain key issues among coastal scientists. These topics are introduced through case studies and pilot programs that are designed to better understand the best practices of trying to save what is left of these fragile ecosystems. Local approaches, as well as national and international efforts to restore the functionality of marsh systems are summarily approached and evaluated by their efficacy in producing resilient reclamations in terms of climate-smart habitat conservation. The outlook of this work is global in extent and local by intent. Included here in summarized form are professional opinions of experts in the field that investigate the crux of the matter, which proves to be human pressure on coastal wetland environments. Even though conservation and preservation of these delicate environmental systems may be coming at a later date, many multi-pronged approaches show promise through advances in education, litigation, and engineering to achieve sustainable coastal systems. The examples in this book are not only of interest to those working exclusively with coastal wetlands, but also to those working to protect the surrounding coastal areas of all types. For more information about this volume in Springer's Coastal Research Library (CRL), please visit: http://www.springer.com/us/book/9783319561783

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G. Bailey, J. Harff, D. Sakellariou (Eds.) Under the Sea: Archaeology and Palaeolandscapes of the Continental Shelf Series: Coastal Research Library, Vol. 20

▶ Presents a unique combination of marine sciences, archaeology and cultural heritage management of interest to a wide audience of researchers, students and professionals ▶ Offers a wide range of themes covering methods, principles, case studies, legal and management issues, and collaboration with industry ▶ Includes examples drawn widely from all coastal regions of Europe Abundantly and well illustrated

This book focuses on issues of method and interpretation in studies of submerged Recently Published as part of the 1st ed. 2017, XIII, 436 p. 218 illus., 168 illus. landscapes, concentrating on illustrations and case studies from around Europe with in color. additional examples from other parts of the world. Such landscapes were once exposed as Coastal Research Library (CRL) dry land during the low sea levels that prevailed during the glacial periods that occupied most of the past million years and provided extensive new territories for human Printed book exploitation. Their study today involves underwater investigation, using techniques and strategies which are clearly set out in these chapters. The underwater landscape provides a Hardcover rich source of information about the archaeology of human settlement and long-term ▶ 149,99 € | £112.00 | $179.00 changes in environment, climate and sea-level. This book highlights how such information ▶ *160,49 € (D) | 164,99 € (A) | CHF 165.00 can be revealed and interpreted.

eBook The examples presented here and the focus on techniques make this book of worldwide relevance. Chapters describe examples of underwater archaeological investigation as Available from your library or well as collaboration with offshore industries and legal, management and training issues ▶ springer.com/shop relating to underwater cultural heritage. Such studies point to the significance of this drowned landscape, and readers are invited to consider its human impact in terms of past MyCopy settlement and population dispersal through palaeolandscape reconstruction and interpretation in relation to broader themes in human prehistory. Printed eBook for just € | $ 24.99 ▶ This volume is based on work from COST Action SPLASHCOS, a four-year multi-disciplinary ▶ springer.com/mycopy and multi-national research program supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) and has something to benefit all those with an interest in the sea floor of the continental shelf and the archaeological and social impact of sea-level change, including archaeologists, marine scientists, geographers, cultural-heritage managers, commercial and governmental organisations, policy makers and interested members of the public.

Order online at springer.com ▶ or for the Americas call (toll free) 1-800-SPRINGER ▶ or email us at: [email protected]. ▶ For outside the Americas call +49 (0) 6221-345-4301 ▶ or email us at: [email protected]. The first € price and the £ and $ price are net prices, subject to local VAT. Prices indicated with * include VAT for books; the €(D) includes 7% for Germany, the €(A) includes 10% for Austria. Prices indicated with ** include VAT for electronic products; 19% for Germany, 20% for Austria. All prices exclusive of carriage charges. Prices and other details are subject to change without notice. All errors and omissions excepted.

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Coastal Research Library Titles Currently in Press: Series Editor: Charles W. Finkl Beach Management Tools: Concepts, Methodologies and Case Studies Edited by C.M. Botero, O.D. Cervantes, and C.W. Finkl Diversity in Coastal Marine Sciences: Historical Perspectives and Contemporary Research of Geology, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Publish your next book in this series and benefit from being part of the and Remove Sensing Edited by C.W. Finkl and C. Makowski largest eBook collection in Earth and Environmental Sciences Titles Currently Under Development: Coastal Ecosystems of the World: An Illustrative Reference of Biophysical Zones and Habitats By C.W. Finkl and C. Makowski Aims and Scope Ecological Coastal Engineering Edited by M. Sedat Kabdaşlı , V. Ş. Özgür Kırca, Nilay Elginöz, and M. Adil Akgül The aim of this book series is to disseminate information to the coastal research community. The Siak, A blackwater River in Sumatra, Indonesia Edited by Tim Rixen, Wolfgang Balzer, and Joko Samiaji The Series covers all aspects of coastal research including but not limited to relevant aspects Ground-Penetrating Radar Applications in Coastal Research By I. Buynevich of geological sciences, biology (incl. ecology and coastal marine ecosystems), geomorphol- World Coastal Heritage Sites By Vanda Claudino-Sales ogy (physical geography), climate, littoral oceanography, coastal hydraulics, environmental Threats to Mangrove Forests: Hazards, Vulnerability, and Management Edited by C. Makowski and C.W. Finkl (resource) management, engineering, and remote sensing. Policy, coastal law, and relevant Impacts of Invasive Species on Coastal Environments Edited by C.W. Finkl and C. Makowski issues such as conflict resolution and risk management would also be covered by the Series. Dunes of the Polish South Baltic Coast: Morphology and Development By T.A. 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►Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics (2 volumes) Edited by Harsh Gupta Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series June 2011 The Springer Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series provides comprehensive and authoritative ►Encyclopedia of Agrophysics coverage of all the main areas in the Earth Sciences. Each volume comprises a focused and carefully Edited by J. Glinski, J. Horabik and J. Lipiec chosen collection of contributions from leading names in the subject, with copious illustrations and June 2011 reference lists. These books represent one of the world's leading resources for the Earth Sciences community. Previous volumes are being updated and new works published so that the volumes will ►Encyclopedia of Geobiology continue to be essential reading for all professional earth scientists, geologists, geophysicists, Edited by Joachim Reitner and Volker Thiel, 2011 climatologists, and oceanographers as well as for teachers and students. Most volumes are also available online. ►Encyclopedia of Modern Coral Reefs Edited by David Hopley, 2011

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Honored with the GSIS Mary B. Ansari Best Research Resource Work Award 2017! The Editors:

Editors: J. Harff, University of Szczecin, Poland Jan Harff is Professor of Geosciences and Seafloor Geology at the University of Szczecin, Poland. His previous research M. Meschede, University of Greifswald, Germany focused on sedimentary basin analysis at the Central Institute for Physics of the Earth (ZIPE, subsequently the GeoForschungs Zentrum, GFZ), Potsdam, and marine geology at the Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research S. Petersen, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Germany Warnemünde and the University of Greifswald, Germany.He cooperates, on a permanent basis, with marine research J. Thiede, Saint Petersburg State University, Russia institutes of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese universities and the Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou, China. His research interests concern marine geology in general, sedimentology, coastal geology, palaeo- oceanography, palaeoclimatology, mathematical geology and basin modelling. In addition to having authored and co- Encyclopedia of Marine authored numerous research papers and having served as editor of other scientific publications, he acted as corresponding editor of “Modeling of Sedimentary Systems” (Springer, 1999) and “The Baltic Sea Basin” (Springer, 2011). Geosciences

▶ Offers an overview of the oceans’ and marginal seas’ geo-resources Martin Meschede is Professor of “Regional and Structural Geology” at the Institute of Geography and Geology, University 1st ed. 2016, XXXIII, 961 p. 458 illus., 344 ▶ Presents an interdisciplinary synopsis of the whole scale of marine illus. in color of Greifswald, Germany. His research interests focus on geodynamic processes at plate margins, subduction, large geosciences igneous provinces, exhumation, paleogeography, paleoclimatology, basin evolution, and glacial tectonics. He ▶ ISBN 978-94-007-6237-4 (Print) Incorporates geology, geophysics, hydrography, biology, climatology, participated in several marine research expeditions, among these are the Joides Resolution of IODP and a diving cruise ISBN 978-94-007-6238-1 (Electronic) ecology, and economic geology ISBN 978-94-007-6239-8 (P+E) with Shinkai 6500. Besides a number of scientific publications, he is author and coauthor of several textbooks on plate ▶ Integrates knowledge in basic and applied sciences, connecting natural tectonics, structural geology, and regional geology of Germany. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series and engineering sciences ▶ Addresses some 195 topics through the work of international specialists

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techniques is addressed, from students and scholars in academia to engineers Atlantic, and Indian Ocean. Major aims of his research are to understand their chemical variability, the use of mobile Print (Book) and decision makers in industry and politics. drilling techniques and geophysical methods to investigate their sub-seafloor extent as well as the use of autonomous ▶ 399,00 € | £359.50 | $549.00 underwater vehicles for their exploration. ▶ *426,93 € (D) | 438,90 € (A) | CHF 531.50 Globally growing demand of energy and mineral resources, reliable future

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Validating Sidescan Sonar as a Fish Survey Tool over Artificial Reefs

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Validating Sidescan Sonar as a Fish Survey Tool over Artificial Reefs

Michael A. Bollinger and Richard J. Kline

School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences University of Texas Rio Grande Valley Brownsville, TX 78520, U.S.A.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Visual observation methods via SCUBA are commonly used to survey arti- There are over 4000 oil and gas structures in the Gulf of Mexico and hun- ficial reef fish, although conditions in the Gulf of Mexico often make surveys dreds of artificial reefs comprising numerous structural types, which are chal- difficult or even dangerous for divers. In this study, sidescan sonar was used to lenging to assess and monitor efficiently. Many of these oil-drilling structures quantify water-column fish abundance and was compared to the established are being decommissioned and converted into artificial reefs via the Rigs to visual observation methods on SCUBA over four reef sites. Calibrated inten- Reefs program (Dauterive, 2000). Artificial reefs serve an essential function as sity values measured from sidescan sonar echo returns were used to estimate fish habitats (Brickhill, Lee, and Connolly, 2005). While these reefs generally fish body length and to calculate scaled biomass (g/m2 reef) from a pooled harbor large fish populations (Bohnsack, 1989), questions remain regarding fish length–weight relationship of commonly observed reef fish in the area. their costs and benefits. In addition, it is still unclear which types of structure Sidescan sonar methods were equivalent to SCUBA surveys for measuring provide the best outcomes over the long term and which factors drive differ- fish abundance over the same reef areas; however, overall reef-associated abun- ences between reef configurations. These questions remain difficult to answer dances measured with sidescan were significantly higher because the sidescan because of the extreme size of some artificial reef complexes and the depths at could measure a larger water-column area and furthermore allowed for a rapid which they lie. The increased availability and advances in processing of sidescan assessment of abundance on a greater number of reefs in a single sampling sonar data make it a good candidate for artificial reef survey and assessment. day. Scaled abundance and biomass differed significantly between structural Currently, the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD) Artificial Reef types, with the reefed oil-jacket structures in deeper, federally managed waters Program (ARP) monitors 76 permitted reef sites along the Texas coast. These showing the highest scaled abundance and biomass. With sidescan methods, artificial reef sites greatly vary in size from 40–381 acres. Current monitoring five reef sites could be surveyed in one day, demonstrating the capability for protocols for artificial reefs include vertical longline fishing for size metrics of macroscale comparisons of fish abundance, biomass, and structural preference red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus; Poey, 1860), remotely operated vehicle among sites. surveys, and visual SCUBA surveys. SCUBA surveys remain the most common survey method to quantify fish abundance and biomass but can only ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS: Fish quantification, acoustics, biomass, reef comparison. be performed under limited conditions (Edgar, Barrett, and Morton, 2004; Froehlich and Kline, 2015; Hicks et al., 2016; Watson, Carlos, and Samoilys,

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1995). SCUBA visual census techniques are only useful in the range of tens of penseridae) in the rivers of North Carolina (Flowers and Hightower, 2013, meters in the clearest waters, and the presence of a nepheloid layer (stratified 2015), and the counting and mapping of pelagic fish schools (Smith, 1970). layer of suspended sediments in the water column) (Shideler, 1981) in the While size classifications have been conducted with sidescan sonar, no biomass western Gulf makes visual surveys challenging during certain times of year estimates have been noted. (McGrail and Carnes, 1983; Shideler, 1981). Divers are also severely limited Some of the most important applications of fisheries acoustics are estima- regarding both the time spent at depth and the reef area that can be covered tions of density, abundance, and biomass of fish (MacLennan, Fernandes, and and compared. Dalen, 2002). Biomass is commonly estimated as an integration of acoustic Artificial reefs off the Texas coast contain many essential recreational and com- energy scattered from discrete targets per unit volume of water, where each mercial fish species. In terms of biomass, most of the economically important discrete target’s acoustic intensity is its target strength (TS). Fish length has fish species reside in the water column above reef structures; a fact that lends beenestimated with TS in several studies (Boswell et al., 2008; Foote, 1987; itself to the use of sonar monitoring (Simmonds and MacLennan, 2005). The Love, 1977; MacLennan and Holliday, 1996) using an equation originally pre- red snapper is one of the most recreationally and commercially harvested fish sented by Love (1969). Fish length is then converted to weight using known species (Gillig, Griffin, and Ozuna, 2001; Southwick Associates Staff, 2012) length-to-weight relationships for commonly sampled fish species within the that typically inhabits depths from 10 m to 130 m in the Gulf of Mexico survey area (Boswell, Wilson, and Wilson, 2007). An essential requirement (Allen, 1985; Gallaway, Szedlmayer, and Gazey, 2009). Other common spe- of estimating biomass with sonar is the use of solid sphere calibration (Foote, cies include grey snapper (Lutjanus griseus), grey trigger-fish (Balistes capriscus), 1990; MacLennan, 1981). Because of the lack of information regarding spe- sheepshead (Archosargus probatoce-phalus), Atlantic spadefish (Chaetodipterus cies identification from individual sonar returns, biomass estimates are gener- faber), cobia (Rachycentron canadum), greater amberjack (Seriola dume-rili), alizations based on the fish community sampled (Boswell, Wilson, and Wil- and African pompano (Alectis ciliaris) (Ajemian et al., 2015a). son, 2007). Another challenge when estimating biomass is the lateral position Sidescan sonar was created in the 1940s when relatively high frequency echo- of the fish when surveyed. Fish that shoal or school can be expected to face sounders were positioned to ensonify a wide area of the seafloor (Fish and multiple directions that can lead to errors in fish-size classifications (Boswell Carr, 1990). Side scan sonar technology developed rapidly in the 1970s and et al., 2008; Boswell, Wilson, and Cowan, 2008; MacLennan, Hollingworth, 1980s and has since been used as a high resolution imaging device to search and Armstrong, 1989). Therefore, estimations using any sonar technique in for shipwrecks, to look at sea-floor configuration for the oil industry, and to the field likely underrepresent total biomass present. map benthic habitats (Cuevas, Buchanan, and Moss, 2002; Fish and Carr, Sonar-based research is becoming more prevalent as the cost of equipment 1990). The wide angle of emitted sound (beam angle) of sidescan sonar allows decreases and as the technology improves. Early versions of sidescan units that a greater volume of water to be sampled than is possible with vertical-single printed echograms on paper have been supplanted by ones that use convenient beam echosounders (Trevorrow, 1997, 1998; Trevorrow and Pedersen, 2000). data-recording methods and higher frequencies (400–900 kHz). They have be- Sidescan units produce high-quality images, and sidescan sonar transducers come popular for both recreational and commercial fishing applications, and can be either attached to the hull of a vessel or mounted on a towfish. Several they function as a tool readily adapted to survey reef-associated fish (Daniels studies have utilized sidescan to observe fish populations. Specifically, these et al., 2009). In addition to covering vast areas, sidescan sonar can be used to studies have focused on the migration of salmon (Salmonidade) and herring assess reef function by determining fish use of habitat both spatially and tem- (Clupeidae) in Canadian channels (Trevorrow, 1997, 1998; Trevorrow and porally, metrics that have posed constant challenges to researchers in the past. Claytor, 1998; Trevorrow and Pedersen, 2000), the surveying of sturgeon (Aci- Sidescan sonar has been used to locate and characterize artificial reef struc-

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tures (Arney, Froehlich, and Kline, 2017; Froehlich and Kline, 2015), and work has been done to characterize the fish over these habitats (Alexander, 2015; Garcia, 2013); it is clear that additional tools to quantify and compare the abundant fish populations across entire reef areas are needed. The aim of this research is to validate sidescan sonar as an artificial reef survey method by comparing abundances obtained via SCUBA observations to those obtained via sidescan sonar echo returns. Going a step further, this study used abundance data and calibrated sidescan sonar biomass estimates to compare a variety of reef structure types and temporal differences in these same reefs. Biomass data and fish-length size classes were used to analyze differences in the fish community across structure type and time of day.

Figure 1. Sidescan images of the five structural types sampled in this study. (A) Port Mansfield, concrete culverts. (B) Port Isabel Reef, three-pile oil-drilling jacket. (C) Port Mansfield Liberty Ship Reef, four-pile oil-drilling jacket. (D) Texas Clipper Reef, ship; (shown afloat to the left). (E) Big Sea Bree, natural reef.

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Figure 2. The Humminbird 1198c head unit and towﬁsh with sidescan transducer used in this study.

Figure 4. Weight (g)–length (cm) ratios for common midwater column ﬁsh (nine total) in the Western Gulf of Mexico (Ajemian et al., 2015a). The average of the ratios was calculated and plotted in bold.

Figure 3. (A) Example of a raw sidescan sonar image. (B) Example of a processed image with a threshold applied in ImageJ. Fish counted manually = 340. Automated ﬁsh count = 305 × 1.1417 (correction Figure 5. Examples of sidescan imagery with ﬁsh from each size class: (A) small factor) = 348. =<30 cm, (B) medium = <30–60 cm, (C) large = 60–90 cm, and (D) extra-large = >90 cm.

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Figure 6. Comparison of survey methods used over artificial reefs. (A) Sidescan surveys limited to structural area (structure limited scan) compared with SCUBA surveys of structural area ± SE (bars). (B) Sidescan transects quantifying all fish returns within 100 m of the structure area, utilizing entire range of sidescan sonar as compared to SCUBA surveys of structural area ± SE (bars). A paired t test for limited scan and SCUBA were not significantly different (t = 0.259, df = 35, p = 0.797) while a paired t test for the entire scan and SCUBA was significantly different (t = -3.653, df =35, p = 0.001). Further site specific paired t tests show the four-pile oil-drilling structure was the only structure driving the significance. Sample size included in parenthesis.

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Figure 7. Abundance (A) and biomass (B) estimates (6SE bars) per reeﬁng area footprint for each of the artiﬁcial reef structures averaged over the study time. The ANOVA (abundance: F = 14.752, df = 4, p < 0.001; biomass: F = 7.200, df = 4, p < 0.001). Sample size included in parenthesis.

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Figure 8. Abundance (A) and biomass (B) measures for each reef structure ± SE (bars) for the rapid reef assessment. (A) The four-pile oil-drilling-jacket structures (a) had signiﬁcantly higher abundance than the other structures besides the ship (Natural Reef [NR]: p = 0.001; three pile [3-P]: p = 0.012; concrete culverts [CC]: p = 0.002; ship: p = 0.334). (B) A similar trend was observed in biomass with higher biomass on the four-pile oil-drilling jacket than the other structures except for the ship (NR: p = 0.01; 3-P: p = 0.004; CC: p = 0.008; ship: p = 0.075).

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Figure 9. Fish abundance by size class for each reef structure scaled to 100% of the total abundance.

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Figure 10. Abundance (A) and biomass (B) estimates on the SE side, NW side, and over the top of four-pile oil-drilling-jacket structures at the Port Mansﬁeld Liberty Ship Reef (PS-1070) ± SE (bars). The overstructure abundance decreased during a daily sampling regime (repeated measures ANOVA: F = 31.034, df = 1, p = 0.001), while biomass decreased slightly during the midday samples. Fish abundance and biomass on either edge of the structure did not change signiﬁcantly with time.

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Figure 11. Fish abundance by size class for each platform (plat) structure and time scaled to 100% of the total abundance. To access this full JCR Research Article, please visit: http://www.jcronline.org/doi/abs/10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-16-00174.1

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Advance Title Information The Edge The Pressured Past and Precarious Future of California’s Coast by Kim Steinhardt and Gary Griggs Publication Date: October 1, 2017 $18.95 US • Trade Paperback • 6" x 9" • 300 pages ISBN 978-1-61035-309-0 NATURE / Coastal Regions & Shorelines • BISAC NAT045050 Over 100 full color photographs • Index The Pacific coast is the most iconic region of California and one of the most fascinating and rapidly changing places in the world. Densely populated, urbanized and industrialized — and also home to complex, fragile ecosystems — the coast is the place where humanity and nature coexist in a precarious balance that is never perfectly stable. The Edge: The Pressured Past and Precarious Future of California’s Coast is a dramatic snapshot of the California coast’s past, present and probable future in a time of climate change and expanding human activity. Written by two marine experts who grew up on the coast, The Edge is both a celebration of the coast’s natural and cultural uniqueness and a warning of the many complex changes that threaten that uniqueness. As ocean levels rise, coastal communities are starting to erode, and entire neighborhoods have been lost to the sea. Coastal ecosystems and wildlife that were already stressed by human settlement now face new dangers. The competing impacts of climate change, housing and commercial growth, commercial fisheries, oil drilling and production, and environmental advocacy all combine to define the future of the region. The Edge examines the current state of the coast’s natural and social environments, gives the historical causes for the coast’s present endangerment and offers informed projections on possible scenarios of the coast’s future. A masterful and sweeping synthesis of environmental and social science, The Edge presents a comprehensive portrait of the history, people, communities, industries, ecology and wildlife of the California coast. Audience: Readers interested in environmental issues, marine wildlife, climate change and California history. About the Authors: A widely recognized marine wildlife photographer, former administrative law judge, and a long-time conservation advocate, Kim Steinhardt delivers popular lectures and photographic programs on coastal conservation and ocean stewardship issues for aquariums and marine centers, universities, state parks and other audiences. Gary Griggs has written or co-authored nine books about the coast and coastal issues both in California and globally. As a Distinguished Professor of Earth and Planetary Sciences at the University of California at Santa Cruz, he is known for his expertise in oceanography and coastal geology. He serves as the director of the Institute of Marine Sciences at UC Santa Cruz. Craven Street Books Contact: Jaguar Bennett, Marketing Director An Imprint of Linden Publishing [email protected] 2006 S. Mary St. Craven Street Books is distributed to the book trade Fresno CA 93721 by Ingram Publisher Services and Baker & Taylor, (800) 345-4447 • Fax (559) 233-6933 or by calling 1-800-345-4447. CravenStreetBooks.com Distributed in Canada by Manda Group.

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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE ecosystems and wildlife that were already stressed by human settlement now face new dangers. Book Publication Date: October 2017 Media Contact: Jaguar Bennett But the coast has its heroes and defenders as well. The Edge presents exciting profiles of the people, Quill Driver Books organizations and programs that are working to maintain the coast’s equilibrium, biodiversity and capacity to [email protected] (800) 345-4447 support wildlife. Co-authors Kim Steinhardt and Gary Griggs give their personal stories of how their coastal **digital cover image available** childhoods and personal love of the ocean fostered their commitments to environmental research and activism. Blending science, history and ecology, The Edge Each chapter includes testimonies from ordinary Californians on what the coast means to them and why they think it is worth protecting. presents a dramatic portrait of California’s Among the topics covered in The Edge are: breathtaking and endangered coastline —A migrating edge: The line where the land meets the sea is never static, and now climate change is “The Edge is an important reminder that life in nature can only survive steadily eroding the California coastline. The Edge gives a lucid explanation of the science of sea-level rise, how if we accept our responsibility to be good stewards.” rising waters are reshaping the California coastline, and how nature is whittling away at coastal land, transforming —from the Foreword by former congressman Leon Panetta the California real estate market. —Oil on the edge: One of the most contentious issues on the coast is offshore oil drilling.The Edge outlines The Pacific coast is the most iconic region of California and one the science of petroleum formation, the history of oil industry in California, and how oil drilling has repeatedly of the most fascinating and rapidly changing places in the world. Densely challenged and galvanized the environmental movement. populated, urbanized and industrialized — and also home to complex, —Sea otter survival: Cute, playful and photogenic, sea otters have long been the poster child for coastal fragile ecosystems — the coast is the place where humanity and nature wildlife preservation. The Edge profiles the sea otters’ pivotal role in the history of California, their comeback from coexist in a precarious balance that is never perfectly stable. the verge of extinction, and the ongoing threats this remarkably resilient species still faces. Two marine experts who grew up on the coast present a dramatic —Additionally, The Edge covers the history of human settlement in California, the successes and failures snapshot of a region undergoing massive change in The Edge: The Pressured of the environmental movement, detailed accounts of wildlife and human activity, and more. Past and Precarious Future of the California Coast (Craven Street Books, A masterful and sweeping synthesis of environmental and social science, The Edge presents a comprehensive October 2017). portrait of the history, peoples, communities, industries, ecology and wildlife of the coast. Written in clear language for the layperson, The Edge presents an Book Details: accessible survey of a huge range of topics, from sea-level rise to the history Title: The Edge: The Pressured Past and Precarious Future of California’s Coast of offshore oil drilling to the health of the sea otter population. The Edge Authors: Kim Steinhardt and Gary Griggs Publisher: Quill Driver Books, an imprint of Linden Publishing examines the current state of the coast’s natural and social environments, gives the historical causes for the coast’s Publication Date: October 1, 2017 Price: $18.95 US present endangerment and offers informed projections on possible scenarios of the coast’s future. Category: NATURE / Coastal Regions & Shorelines A fascinating blend of science, history, sociology and ecology, The Edge is both a celebration of the coast’s ISBN 978-1-61035-309-0 6" x 9" trade paperback, 300 pages, over 100 full color photographs, index. Also available in e-book formats. natural and cultural uniqueness and a warning of the many complex changes that threaten that uniqueness. Available from bookstores, online booksellers and In this era of rapid climate change, the threats to the California coast are serious. As glaciers melt and ocean Quill Driver Books 2006 S. Mary St., Fresno CA 93721 • 1-800-345-4447 levels rise, coastal communities are starting to erode, and entire neighborhoods have been lost to the sea. Coastal QuillDriverBooks.com –more– ###

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Kim Steinhardt delivers popular lectures and Gary Griggs has written or co-authored nine photographic programs exploring the universe of sea books about the coast and coastal issues both in otters and coastal conservation for aquariums and California and globally. As a Distinguished Professor marine centers, universities, state parks, and other of Earth and Planetary Sciences at the University of audiences. He has been recognized for his award California at Santa Cruz, he is known for his expertise winning marine wildlife photography and is currently in oceanography and coastal geology. He is a frequent working with National Geographic on publication of contact for news media on questions of climate change, a book of his sea otter images and coastal storytelling. sea-level rise, coastal erosion and other related issues. He has also served as an advisor regarding sea otters He has written a popular biweekly newspaper column for the NatGeo Kids Explore My World series and, for the last five years, has written a (“Our Ocean Backyard”) for nine years, and is in high demand for talks throughout newsletter column about marine wildlife and the ocean. As a long-time conservationist California. He serves as the director of the Institute of Marine Sciences at the drawing on his former service as a California state administrative law judge, litigator University of California at Santa Cruz, which includes the Long Marine Laboratory and public interest advocate, he helps translate ocean conservation concerns to the and the Seymour Marine Discovery Center, a popular educational destination for tens public to build support for citizen action and legislative policymaking. of thousands of visitors each year.

For more information on The Edge(Craven Street Books, October 2017) For more information on The Edge (Craven Street Books, October 2017) or to arrange an interview with co-authors Kim Steinhardt and or to arrange an interview with co-authors Kim Steinhardt and Gary Griggs, please contact Jaguar Bennett at Craven Street Books, Gary Griggs, please contact Jaguar Bennett at Craven Street Books, (800) 345-4447,[email protected]. (800) 345-4447,[email protected].

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Advance praise for The Edge

“The Edge is an important reminder that life in nature can only survive if we the living accept our responsibility to be good stewards. The legacy of the beauty of our coastline that was passed on to us must be protected for future generations. The Edge is a comprehensive portrait of the Pacific coast and why we are responsible for its future.” —from the Foreword by Leon Panetta, former congressman and chair of the Pew Oceans Commission

“This book captures the magic of the coast. It has an intimate blend of nature, science, politics, policy, culture, history, and adventure, and there is a well-informed urgency that gives readers more than just the information and heightened awareness they need to bring about real change to our ocean policies and practices: It is a personal call to action. Dive in!” —Sam Farr, former congressman and ocean advocate “Steinhardt and Griggs have created a delightful and insightful tour of California’s coastal edge, past, present, and future. They do a masterful job of weaving together the interconnections of the changing natural world over different time scales with the changing societal landscape and human interventions to modify the coastal edge as population grew and societal priorities changed. Their discussions of how those interventions were shaped by clashes between conservationists and those with strong economic motivations are infused with some of their own values. In combination with the first two chapters that introduce the reader to the backgrounds of the authors, these personal views enhance the narrative. Their stories of the boom and bust cycles of many of our fisheries and of populations of marine mammals have many lessons for us today, not only for resource managers, but for everyone concerned with human rights. I recommend this book to all who are interested in one of the most beautiful coasts in the world.” —Jerry R. Schubel, Ph.D., President and CEO, Aquarium of the Pacific “Kim Steinhardt and Gary Griggs each have had a long love affair with the California coast. You can see it in their personal stories, and how they worry about the long-term effects of human interaction between land and water. This is a must read for anyone who shares their love for the coast and concern for its f utu re .” —John Laird, California Secretary for Natural Resources, and Chair of the California Ocean Protection Council

For more information on The Edge (Craven Street Books, October 2017) or to arrange an interview with co-authors Kim Steinhardt and Gary Griggs, please contact Jaguar Bennett at Craven Street Books, (800) 345-4447,[email protected].

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Combining Remote Sensing and Field Mapping Methods to Study the Vegetation Dynamics within a Coastal Wetland and Determine the Habitat Effects of a Threatened Bird Species (Emberiza schoeniclus witherbyi)

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Luis Carrasco†, Pablo Vera‡, Eduardo J. Belda§, and Juan S. Monrós‡

†Centre for Ecology and Hydrology ‡Institute Cavanilles of Biodiversity §IGIC Lancaster Environmental Centre and Evolutionary Biology Universitat Politècnica de Valencia Bailrigg LA1 4AP, England, U.K. University of Valencia Gandía ES-46730, Spain Paterna ES-46980, Spain

ABSTRACT reed bunting, SPOT-5, vegetation classification map. Coastal wetlands are highly dynamic changing ecosystems because of the ef- INTRODUCTION fects of meteorology, wildlife interactions and human activities. They are one of the world's most threatened ecosystems, and threats to them drive the most Wetlands are among the world’s most threatened ecosystems (Dudgeon et al., specialist species to unfavorable conservation status and population trends. 2006; Strayer and Dudgeon, 2010). Loss or degradation of habitat, overex- Therefore, it is important to frequently monitor the coverage changes of the ploitation, water pollution, modiﬁcation of hydrological cycles, and invasive different vegetation types to understand these species' population dynamics. species all threaten the biological communities of wetlands (Allan and Flecker, However, frequent and detailed cartography entails costly efforts. Here, satel- 1993; Darwall et al., 2009; Revenga et al., 2005). High productivity levels and lite images with field mapping were combined to create vegetation classifica- strong selection pressure make these ecosystems excellent sites for biodiversity, tion maps for past years from SPOT-5 images in the Pego-Oliva coastal wet- which include species of notable conservation interest, e.g., marshland birds land (Spain) and obtained classification accuracies above 85%. Together with (Dudgeon et al., 2006; Haig and Mehlman, 1998), some of which are sensitive habitat selection models, this information was used to understand the changes to habitat changes (Martínez-Vilalta et al., 2002; Poulin and Lefebvre, 2002; in the habitat of a threatened bird species, the Eastern Iberian reed bunting Poulin, Lefebvre, and Mauchamp, 2002; Tanneberger et al., 2009). Because (Emberiza schoeniclus witherbyi), whose population has sharply declined in re- coastal wetlands are highly dynamic ecosystems, studying the habitats of the cent decades in Spain. A statistically significant reduction in reed–rush patches species that live there is difﬁcult (Mialon, Roger, and Fily, 2005). This is why (positively selected habitat) and an increase in homogeneous reed patches (neg- new methodologies based on mapping techniques are being rapidly developed atively selected habitat) were observed in those areas where the species disap- to monitor and plan conservation strategies for these ecosystems (Davranche, peared as breeders. This study shows the potential of remote sensing and GIS Lefebvre, and Poulin, 2009; Klemas, 2011; Poulin, Davranche, and Lefebvre, techniques for the a posteriori monitoring of variation in the habitats available 2010). for threatened species to set up management and conservation measures. In these dynamics systems, given the need to create cartographies in short ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS: Habitat selection, Mediterranean wetland, time intervals, satellite images greatly reduce the effort required and economic costs of systematically mapping vegetation in situ. Nevertheless, the selection

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of appropriate satellite images and vegetation classification methodologies is not a trivial issue (Klemas, 2013). Suitable spectral and spatial resolutions, together with sufficient satellite revisiting frequency, are crucial to identify the complex wetland vegetation types correctly (De Roeck et al., 2008; Melack and Hess, 2004). Accurate vegetation mapping is especially important for those ecologists studying how habitat changes are affecting animal populations (Rocchini et al., 2011). Combining maps of habitat changes with predictive habitat models using GIS methodologies provides an excellent tool for analyzing the dynamics of bird populations when population data are scarce or nonexistent. Until quite recently, most analyses of bird habitats have used low-spatial-resolution images, such as Landsat images (Gottschalk, Huettmann, and Ehlers, 2005; Shirley et al., 2013). However, higher-spatial-resolution maps allow researchers to deal with new studies of the combined dynamics of habitats and species’ populations based on predictive habitat models created on a small spatial scale (Keith et al., 2009; Leyequien et al., 2007; Turner et al., 2003). The species selected for this study was the Eastern Iberian reed bunting (Em- beriza schoeniclus witherbyi, hereafter called the reed bunting), an endemic subspecies of the Western Mediterranean Basin (Byers, Olson, and Curson, 1995). The population of this subspecies has sharply declined in the last decades, and its Spanish population includes only 250 to 350 breeding pairs, according to a census in 2005, which were found mainly in wetlands in the Castilla–La Mancha region (Atienza, 2006). Therefore, this subspecies is listed as endangered in the Red Book of Spanish Birds (Madroño, González, and Atienza, 2004) following International Union for Conservation of Nature criteria, and is on the Spanish List of Threatened Species (Catálogo Nacional de Especies Amenazadas, Real Decreto 139/2011). In the Marjal de Pego-Oliva Natural Park, a small coastal wetland of Eastern Spain, this subspecies was recorded as a breeder between the 1990s and 2007 (Atienza, 2006; Vera et al., 2009). Figure 1. Location map of the study area. The dotted line represents the Marjal de The present study had two objectives: (1) to obtain a classification of the veg- Pego-Oliva Natural Park limits and the thick solid line comprises the palustrian etation in Marjal de Pego-Oliva, a highly dynamic coastal wetland, for previ- vegetation and rice fields. Thin solid lines represent the high-interest regions. These ous years by combining fieldwork and SPOT-5 images and (2) to analyze veg- regions were by delimited by considering the areas with a high probability of occurrence of a territorial male (>80%) based on the habitat selection models in Vera etation changes in association with the local-scale decline of the reed bunting, et al. (2014). a species with strong habitat selection.

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Figure 2. Vegetation classification maps for the four study years. The general darkening of the classifications from 2006 (excluding the central stripe, formed by paddy fields at different flooding stages) corresponds to an overall substitution of mixed vegetation formations to pure reed.

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Figure 3. Proportions of the key vegetation formations on a wetland scale, showing Figure 4. Total pure reed surface on a wetland scale (in hectares) and the surface an abrupt general decrease of mixed reed formations (habitats positively selected of the biggest reed patch (in hectares) for each study year. A general increase of by the study species), together with an increase of pure reed (negatively selected) pure reed surface, together with the increase of the patch sizes of these formations, between 2005 and 2006. could indicate a general decrease of the habitat suitability for the study species. The ﬁgure shows an increase of pure reed surface between 2005 and 2006, although the rest of the values ﬂuctuate for the rest of the years.

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Figure 5. Surface proportions of reed–rushes (a) and pure reeds (b) for all analyzed ROIs for each study year. A general decrease of the reed–rushes proportions was observed between 2005 and 2006 within the ROIs, areas with high probability of occurrence for the study species. Similar patterns can be observed between 2008 and 2009. An increase of the proportion of reed was observed between 2005 and 2006 for the regions where the study species was recorded during the study period (Regions 1 and 2).

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Figure 6. Average of the proportion of reed–rush formations inside the analyzed random cir- cular areas, showing a signiﬁcant decrease of suitable habitats for the species at a territorial scale. Error bars indicate the standard error of the mean.

To access this full JCR Research Article, please visit: http://www.jcronline.org/doi/abs/10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-16-00194.1

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1st Announcement

It is with great pleasure that we invite you to the International Coastal Symposium (ICS2018), to be held from Sunday 13th – Friday 18th May 2018 at the Haeundae Grand Hotel, Haeundae Beach, Busan, Republic of Korea. The theme is ‘Safe Coasts Beyond Climate Change and Coastal Development’. The International Coastal Symposium (ICS) is now in its 15th edition and this is the first time in Asia.

The Symposium is co-hosted by Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST) and Korean Society of Coastal Disaster Prevention (KSCDP), under the auspices of the Coastal Education and Research Foundation (CERF) and the Journal of Coastal Research (JCR).

The ICS brings together delegates from all over the world to collaborate and discuss the most current coastal research studies and projects. The proceedings of the conference, published as peer-reviewed papers in the Journal of Coastal Research, represent an invaluable resource for coastal scientists, engineers and managers.

Dr. Jae-Seol Shim Prof. Insik Chun Chairman of ICS2018 Co-Chairman of ICS2018 Ph.D./Principal Research Scientist, Ph.D./PE/Professor Operational Oceanography Research Center Coastal & Harbor Engineering/ Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology Department of Civil Engineering/ Konkuk University [email protected] [email protected]

May13 May 14 May 15 May 16 May 17 May 18 May 19. Date (Sun.) (Mon.) (Tue.) (Wed.) (Thu.) (Fri.) (Sat)

Opening Plenary, Keynote Keynote Keynote Am. Keynote Speech Speech Speech Speech

P P P Field Trip Field Trip O O O (Optional) Session S Session S Session S Session 1~5(6) T 1~5(6) T 1~5(6) T 1~5(6) Pm. E E E R R R Welcome Conference Reception Dinner 138 Just CERFing Vol. 8, Issue 9, September 2017 Continued on Next Page 139 Back Table of Contents Next ICS 2018

KEY DATES 1st Mar. 3130thst JuneMay 1st Aug. 1st Aug.~ st 2017 2017 2017 31 Oct. 2017 ------The ICS2016 Scientific Program Committee invites authors to submit an abstract for either an Call for Abstract submissions Paper oral or poster presentation. The conference theme is ‘Safe Coasts beyond Climate change and abstract submission Close submissions Coastal development’.

1st~30th 31st Dec. 1st Aug. 2017~ th Please ensure you submit your abstract as a Word document. The abstract template is shown Nov. 2017 2017 28 Feb. 2018 by . ------Paper Final papers Early bird Themes reviewed submitted registration Abstracts can be submitted from all areas of coastal science, from Geology to Coastal hazards. The themes* are: REGISTRATION FEES • Rivers and Estuaries • Tidal inlets Full Registration 700 800,000 • Dunes and Beaches and Coasts Early Bird Registration Until 28 February 2018 Student 450 500,000 • Coastal Biology and Ecology • Coastal Geology Full Registration 900 1,000,000 Standard Registration From 1 March 2018 • Continental shelves and slopes Student 600 700,000 • Coral reefs CERF Member Early Bird Registration 665 750,000 • Climate and Sea level change (5% discount)

• Coastline and Estuarine evolution All registration packages include • Blue carbon • Welcome Reception on Sunday 13 May • Coastal hazards • Attendance at all conference sessions • Conference Dinner on Thursday 17 May • Hydrodynamics • Choice of a number of full day field trips on Friday 18 May • Coastal engineering • Arrival tea & coffee, morning tea, lunch and afternoon tea for the duration of the conference • Marine renewable energy CONTACT • Coastal management Ji - Hye Choi • Managing the coasts of Busan Event Manager Dr. Hak-Soo Lim • ICS2020 Seville : Coastal Research in the confluence of the Mediterranean and Atlantic ICS2018 Secretariat Secretary of ICS2018 GFC(Global Fairs & Conference) Principal Research Scientist of KIOST, Korea Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Phone: +82-2-6000-2502 Phone: +82-31-400-6334

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The International Conference "New Technologies, Hazards and Geoarchaeology" will take place in the historic and beautiful city of Athens on the 3rd of November 2017 and will be hosted by the Department of Physical Geography and Climatology of the National an Kapodistrian University of Athens. The conference is organised on the frame- work of the Erasmus+ Project "McAgenda", with the collaboration and co-organization of the Hellenic Committee for Geomorphology and Environment.

The main aim of the conference is to disseminate the results of the McAgenda Erasmus+ Program. Other important objectives of the Conference are to encourage collaboration between scientists from different countries on the theme “New Technologies, Hazards and Geoarchaeology”, and also give the chance to new scientists and postgraduate students to present their work on this scientific field.

The structure of the conference will consist of plenary sessions followed by extensive poster sessions.

We are looking forward to welcome you in Athens during our Conference!

Niki Evelpidou Associate Professor http://evelpidou.geol.uoa.gr/ [email protected]

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Introducing the new Please visit official website of the www.cerf-jcr.org Coastal Education and or Google Search: cerf-jcr Research Foundation (CERF) to navigate through all our great new features

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CERF-JCR Membership Options

1. Individual CERF Membership; ONLINE ONLY SUBSCRIPTION 3. CERF Patron Membership ($200)*An Honors Membership* to the JCR (1-year subscription; $95) (2-year subscription; $185*) (3-year subscription; $275*) Includes: • All the benefits of individual CERF membership • Annual online and printed subscription to the JCR Includes: • Recognition and announcement space on our internationally-viewed • Official membership to the Coastal Education & Research Foundation (CERF) Foundation website http://www.cerf-jcr.org and in our society newsletter, • Full online permissions to www.JCRonline.org Just CERFing • Ability to access the complete online archive of the JCR (over 30 yrs of coastal • Printed name acknowledgement in every JCR issue of that volume year research publications) • Professional storyboard printout of each JCR cover for that volume year • 2 free JCR Archived Regular Issues or Special Issues • Greatly reduced fees for manuscript submission, publication, and color charges • CERF society monthly newsletter, Just CERFing • Official per d CERF Patron Member Certificate • Official personalized CERF Member Certificate sonalize • Notices and reduced registration fees for the International Coastal Symposium (ICS), the official meeting of CERF • Registration into our manuscript submission website 4. CERF Fellow Membership ($500)*An Honors Membership* • Reduced fees for manuscript submission, publication, and color charges • Ability to submit coastal photographs for the purpose of publication in the JCR Includes: • Participation & sharing with a distinguished international group of scholars and • All the benefits of individual CERF membership • scientists • Annual online and printed subscription to the JCR *2- and 3-year memberships can always add a JCR printed subscription • A full Fellow Member Profile webpage detailing your affiliation, research, and (Please contact us at [email protected] and mailing costs apply) announcements on our internationally-viewed Foundation and JCR online websites http://www.cerf-jcr.org and http://www.JCRonline.org and in our 2. Individual CERF Membership; ONLINE AND PRINTED society newsletter, Just CERFing SUBSCRIPTION to the JCR • Printed name acknowledgement in every JCR issue of that volume year • Professional storyboard printout of each JCR cover for that volume year 1-year subscription; $125/Domestic; $135/International • Greatly reduced fees for manuscript submission, publication, and color charges 2-year subscription; $245/Domestic; $265/International (Discounted Subscription) • Official personalized CERF Fellow Member Certificate 3-year subscription; $365/Domestic; $395/International (Discounted Subscription) Includes: • Official membership to the Coastal Education & Research Foundation (CERF) • Six (6) bimonthly printed versions of the Journal of Coastal Research 5. CERF Lifetime Membership ($1000)*An Honors Membership* • Full online permissions to www.JCRonline.org • Ability to access the complete online archive of the JCR (over 30 yrs of coastal Includes: research publications) • Continuous benefits of individual CERF membership • 2 free JCR Archived Regular Issues or Special Issues • Lifetime subscription to the online and printed versions of the JCR • CERF society monthly newsletter, Just CERFing • A fully updateable Lifetime Member profile webpage detailing your • Official personalized CERF Member Certificate affiliation, research, and announcements on our internationally-viewed • Notices and reduced registration fees for the International Coastal Symposium Foundation and online journal websites http://www.cerf-jcr.org and (ICS), the official meeting of CERF http://www.JCRonline.org and in our society newsletter, Just CERFing • Registration into our manuscript submission website • A printed acknowledgement in every issue of the JCR • Reduced fees for manuscript submission, publication, and color charges • Professional storyboard printout of JCR covers • Ability to submit coastal photographs for the purpose of publication in the JCR • Greatly reduced fees for manuscript submission, publication, and color charges • Participation & sharing with a distinguished international group of scholars and • Official personalized CERF Lifetime Member Certificate • scientists

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6. CERF Society Fee Membership; WITHOUT AN INDIVIDUAL JCR 7. CERF Student Membership ($75*) SUBSCRIPTION ($55) Includes: Includes: • CERF annual student membership • CERF annual society membership • Full online permissions to http://www.JCRonline.org • 2 free JCR Archived Regular Issues or Special Issues • 2 free JCR Archived Regular Issues or Special Issues • CERF society monthly newsletter, Just CERFing • CERF society monthly newsletter, Just CERFing • Official personalized CERF Member Certificate • Official personalized CERF Member Certificate • Notices and reduced registration fees for the International Coastal • Notices and reduced registration fees for the International Coastal Symposium (ICS), the official meeting of CERF Symposium (ICS), the official meeting of CERF • Registration into our manuscript submission website • Reduced fees for manuscript submission, publication, and color charges • Ability to submit coastal photographs for the purpose of publication • in the JCR • Participation & sharing with a distinguished international group of • scholars and scientists * JCR printed subscription can be added (Please contact us at [email protected] and mailing costs apply)

JCR 32(6) JCR 33(1) JCR Special Issue #76 JCR Special Issue #79 JCR 33(2) JCR 33(3) December 2016 January 2017 Winter 2016 Spring 2017 March 2017 May 2017

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Publish Your Coastal Photographs CERF Board of Directors (Trustees) in the JCR! As a CERF member, you have the unique opportunity to become a published photographer in our internationally renowned journal! All possible submissions must depict some coastal or underwater/marine scene and must be high-quality (>300 Andrew Cooper Gary Griggs University of Ulster University of California dpi) image files in either a jpg, tiff, or Santa Cruz, California, U.S.A. gif format. In addition, a short caption Coleraine, N. Ireland, U.K. must accompany the photograph. The caption should include the specific location of the photograph, the date taken, the geological or coastal significance, and your CERF member contact information (full name, title, phone, email, and CERF member number). Example captions can be found on the Gallery page of this website. Jim Houston Robert Huff Coastal Hydraulics Lab, ERDC-SSE Robinson, Farmer, & Cox Vicksburg, Mississippi, U.S.A. Charlottesville, Virginia, U.S.A. While most submissions will be selected for either the CERF website or inside the JCR, a chosen few will actually be selected to be the cover image of a JCR Issue! So dust off those cameras and submit your photos.

Submit your photo and information Joe Kelley Victor Klemas University of Maine University of Delaware by email attachment to Newark, Delaware, U.S.A. [email protected] Orono, Maine, U.S.A.

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Charles Lemckert Orrin Pilkey Norb Psuty Mike Phillips Rutgers University Griffith University University of Wales: Trinity Saint David Duke University New Brunswick, New Jersey, U.S.A. Southport, Qld, Australia Swansea, Wales, U.K. Durham, North Carolina, U.S.A.

Elijah W. Ramsey, III Vic Semeniuk Carlos Pereira da Silva Andrew Short U.S. Geological Survey V & C Semeniuk Research Group New University of Lisbon University of Sydney Lafayette, Louisiana, U.S.A. Perth, WA, Australia Lisbon, Portugal Sydney, NSW, Australia

Daniel J. Stanley Marcel Stive Allan Williams Smithsonian Institution Delft University of Technology University of Wales: Trinity Saint David Washington, D.C., U.S.A. Delft, The Netherlands Swansea, Wales, U.K.

152 Just CERFing Vol. 8, Issue 9, September 2017 153 Back Table of Contents Next Journal of Coastal Research (JCR) Editorial Board Edward J. Anthony Jean Ellis Simon Haslett Dieter H. Kelletat Coastal Geomorphology, Beach Morphodynamics Aeolian Sediment Transport Paleoceanography, Coastal Evolution Coastal Geomorphology, Sea-Level Change Dunkerque, France Columbia, South Carolina Swansea, Wales, UK Essen/Cologne, Germany Kenneth Banks Luciana Esteves David Hill Joseph T. Kelley Coral Reef Geomorphology, Habitat mapping Coastal Flooding & Erosion Nearshore Hydrodynamics Sea-Level Change, Salt Marsh Ecogeomorphology Fort Lauderdale, Florida Bournemouth, England, UK Corvallis, Oregon Orono, Maine Patrick Barnard Michael Hilton Vic Klemas Coastal Geomorphology Niki Evelpidou Dune Geomorphology & Ecology Sea-Level Change, Palaeogeography Remote Sensing, Global Environmental Change Santa Cruz, California Dunedin, New Zealand Athens, Greece Newark, Delaware Lindino Benedet Oscar Manuel Ferreira Carl H. Hobbs, III Nobuhisa Kobayashi Oceanography, Modeling Coastal Geology, Sand Mining Coastal Engineering Florianopolis, SC, Brazil Storm Impacts, Beach Morphodynamics Faro, Portugal Gloucester Point, Virginia Newark, Delaware David M. Bush Duncan M. Fitzgerald James R. Houston Vladimir N. Kosmynin Coastal Geology & Hazards Sea-Level Change, Coastal Hydrodynamics Coral Reefs, Coastal Ecology Carrollton, Georgia Sediment Transport, Numerical Modeling Boston, Massachusetts Vicksburg, Mississippi Tallahassee, Florida Ilya V. Buynevich Chip Fletcher Wenrui Huang Joseph L. Kowalski Coastal Geology Coastal Hydrodynamics & Hazards Estuarine Plant Ecology Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Coastal Geology Honolulu, Hawaii Tallahassee, Florida Edinburg, Texas Javier A. Carrió Kazimierz Furmañczyk Michael G. Hughes Michael J. Lace Sediment Processes, Marine Geology Coastal Morphodynamics, Shelf Processes Coastal Landforms & Processes Valencia, Spain Marine Cartography, Remote Sensing Szczecin, Poland Canberra, ACT, Australia West Branch, Iowa Vanda Claudino-Sales Allen Gontz Federico I. Isla Stephen P. Leatherman Coastal Dynamics, Dunes Sea-Level Change, Remote Sensing Barrier Islands, Beach Erosion Ceará, Brazil Geophysics, Stratigraphy San Diego, California Mar Del Plata, Argentina Miami, Florida Mark Crowell Gary B. Griggs Nancy L. Jackson Charles Lemckert Coastal Zone Management, Coastal Erosion Coastal Geomorphology Environmental Fluid Dynamics McLean, Virginia Coastal Engineering & Hazards Santa Cruz, California Newark, New Jersey Southport, Qld, Australia Omar Defeo Pramod Hanamgond Markes E. Johnson Ioannis Liritzis Sandy Beach Ecology, Invertebrates Paleoshores, Coastal Sand Dunes Geophysical Proxy Data Montevideo, Uruguay Coastal Geomorphology, Sedimentology Belgaum, India Williamstown, Massachusetts Rhodes, Greece Joseph F. Donoghue Hans Hanson Timothy R. Keen Michel M. de Mahiques Coastal Morphology & Hazards Coastal Protection, Numerical Modeling Waves & Circulation, Numerical Modeling Sediment Processes Orlando, Florida Lund, Sweden Stennis Space Center, Mississippi São Paulo, Brazil

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Gonzalo Malvárez Orrin H. Pilkey, Jr. Pravi Shrestha Phil Watson Beach Morphodynamics Coastal Geology Coastal Engineering Sea-Level Change Seville, Spain Durham, North Carolina Irvine, California Gosford, NSW, Australia Ashish J. Mehta Norbert P. Psuty Alejandro J. Souza Allan Williams Coastal & Oceanographic Engineering Coastal Geomorphology, Shoreline Erosion Coastal & Sediment Processes Coastal Geology Gainesville, Florida New Brunswick, New Jersey Liverpool, England, UK Swansea, Wales, UK Nobuo Mimura Ulrich Radtke Tom Spencer Harry F. Williams Global Environmental Engineering Coastal Geomorphology Biogeomorphology, Wetland Morphodynamics Hurricane Sedimentation, Paleotempestology Ibaraki, Japan Duisburg-Essen, Germany Cambridge, England, UK Denton, Texas Fatima Navas Elijah W. Ramsey, III Marcel Stive Colin D. Woodroffe Coastal Morphodynamics Coastal Image Processing Coastal Hydrodynamics, Sediment Dynamics Coastal Geomorphology, Sea-Level Change Seville, Spain Lafayette, Louisiana Delft, The Netherlands Wollongong, NSW, Australia Robert Nicholls Richard C. Raynie Vallam Sundar Robert S. Young Global Climate Change, Sea-Level Change Wetland/Marsh Restoration, Coastal Erosion Coastal Engineering Coastal Processes & Management Southampton, England, UK Baton Rouge, Louisiana Chennai, India Cullowhee, North Carolina Karl Nordstrom Kirt Rusenko Adam D. Switzer Guoliang Yu Coastal Geomorphology Sea Turtles, Dune Restoration Coastal Hazards, Sea-Level Change Coastal Engineering, Sediment Transport New Brunswick, New Jersey Boca Raton, Florida NTU, Singapore Shanghai, China Julian Orford Daniele Scarponi E. Robert Thieler Gravel Beaches, Storm Events, Dunes Marine Paleoecology Marine Geology Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK Bologna, Italy Woods Hole, Massachusetts Phil D. Osborne Anja Scheffers Arthur C. Trembanis Sediment Dynamics, Beach Morphodynamics Coastal Evolution Coastal Morphodynamics Shoreline, Washington Lismore, NSW, Australia Newark, Delaware Charitha B. Pattiaratchi Vic Semeniuk Frank Van Der Meulen Physical Oceanography Coastal Sedimentation, Mangroves Coastal Zone Management, Climate Change Crawley, WA, Australia Perth, WA, Australia Delft, The Netherlands Douglas J. Sherman Ian J. Walker Carlos Pereira da Silva Coastal & Aeolian Geomorphology Coastal Dunes & Sediments Coastal Zone Management Tuscaloosa, Alabama Tempe, Arizona Lisbon, Portugal Andrew D. Short Ping Wang Michael Phillips Coastal Geomorphology, Beach Morphodynamics Coastal Geomorphology Beach Morphodynamics, Sediment Transport Sydney, NSW, Australia Swansea, Wales, UK Tampa, Florida

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Dr. Charles Lemckert Dr. Erik van Wellen Dr. Yong-Sik Cho Dr. Frédéric Bouchette

Dr. Ya-Ping Wang Dr. Stephen P. Leatherman Dr. Nicholas K. Coch Dr. Philip D. Osborne Dr. Hany Elwany Dr. Yoshiki Saito Dr. Björn Kjerfve Prof. Dr hab. Kazimierz Furmańczyk Dr. Wei Zhang Dr. Gonzalo Malvárez Mr. Charles Thibault Dr. Fatima Navas

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A Special Acknowledgement To: Associate Professor Dr. Charles Lemckert CERF Lifetime Member

Selected Publications:

Ali, A.; Lemckert, C.J.; Zhang, H., and Dunn, R.J.K., 2014. Sediment dynamics of a very shallow subtropical estuarine lake. Journal of Coastal Research, 30(2), 351-361. Dunn, R.J.K.; Lemckert, C.J.; Teasdale, P.R., and Welsh, D.T., 2013. Macroinfauna Dynamics and Sediment Parameters of a Subtropical We are proud to acknowledge Associate Professor Dr. Charles Lemckert as Estuarine Lake—Coombabah Lake (Southern Moreton Bay, Australia). the Coastal Education & Research Foundation's first ever Lifetime Member. Journal of Coastal Research, 29(6A), 156-167. Dr. Lemckert has always showed great support for CERF and the JCR, and Ali, A.; Lemckert, C.J., and Dunn, R.J.K., 2010. Salt fluxes within a very even served as the Chair and Organizer of the 9th International Coastal shallow subtropical estuary. Journal of Coastal Research, 26(3), 436-443. Symposium (ICS) at Griffith University (Queensland, Australia) in 2007. Brushett, B.A.; King, B., and Lemckert, C.J., 2011. Evaluation of met- We are honored to have Dr. Lemckert as a Lifetime Member and warmly ocean forecast data effectiveness for tracking drifters deployed during recognize his devotion to our coastal research society. operational oil spill response in Australian waters. In: Furmańczyk, K.; Associate Professor Lemckert has active research interests in the fields of Giza, A., and Terefenko, P. (eds.), Proceedings from the International physical limnology, coastal systems, environmental monitoring techniques, Coastal Symposium (ICS) 2013 (Plymouth, United Kingdom). Journal of environmental fluid dynamics, coastal zone management and engineering Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 64, pp. 991-994. education. Along with his postgraduate students and research partners he is Lemckert, C.J.; Zier, J., and Gustafson, J., 2009. Tides in Torres Strait. In: da undertaking research studies on water treatment pond design (for recycling Silva, C.P. (ed.), Proceedings from the International Coastal Symposium purposes), the dynamics of drinking water reservoirs, the study of whale (ICS) 2009 (Lisbon, Portugal). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue migration in South East Queensland Waters, end ocean mixing dynamics. No. 56, pp. 524-528.

For a complete list of Dr. Lemckert's publications or his contact information, please visit: http://www.griffith.edu.au/engineering-information-technology/griffith-school-engineering/staff/associate-professor-charles-lemckert

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A Special Acknowledgement To: Professor Yong-Sik Cho CERF Lifetime Member

of Hydraulic Research, Physics of Fluids, the Journal of Geophysical Research, the Journal of Engineering Mechanics, and Ocean Engineering. He has also We are proud to acknowledge Professor Yong-Sik Cho as a Lifetime Member published 120 papers in domestic journals and about 360 proceedings in of the Coastal Education & Research Foundation. Professor Cho, Yong- international and domestic conferences. Professor Cho has also registered Sik received his bachelors and masters degrees from Hanyang University eight patents. in February 1981 and August 1988 respectively, and his Ph.D. from the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering of Cornell University in Selected Publications: January, 1995. The title of the thesis is Numerical Simulations of Tsunami Propagation and Run-up (Advisor: Professor Philip L.-F. Liu). Kim, Y.-C.; Choi, M., and Cho, Y.-S., 2012. Tsunami hazard area predicted He had continuously worked at Cornell University as a Post-Doctoral by probability distribution tendency. Journal of Coastal Research, 29(5), Associate after graduation. From March of 1997, he had been employed 1027-1038. as an Assistant Professor at the Department of Civil and Environmental Cho, Y.-S., 2012. Numerical study for spreading of a pollutant material in Engineering at Sejong University and then moved to Hanyang University coastal environment. Energy Sources, Part A, 34(16), 1459-1470. in March, 2000. From February 2003 to January 2005, he had served as the Chair of the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Cho, Y.-S.; Kim, T.-K.; Jeong, W.-C., and Ha, T.-M., 2012. Numerical Hanyang University. Professor Cho has served as the Director of Innovative simulation of oil spill in ocean. Journal of Applied Mathematics, 2012, Global Construction Leader Education Center, a government enterprises 1-15. sponsored by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, and the Chair of Graduate Studies of the Department of Civil and Environmental For a complete list of Professor Cho’s publications or his contact Engineering since 2006. information, please visit: http://civil.hanyang.ac.kr/coast/ Professor Cho has published 52 journal papers in prominent international journals registered in Science Citation Index such as Coastal Engineering, the Journal of Coastal Research, the Journal of Fluid Mechanics, the Journal

162 Just CERFing Vol. 8, Issue 9, September 2017 Continued on Next Page 163 Back Table of Contents Next CERF Lifetime Members A Special Acknowledgement To: RESEARCH PROGRAMMES (PI) Monitoring and Development of support system on seabed topographical changes in Professor Ya-Ping Wang Pearl River Estuary and Taiwan Shoal. Ocean special funds for scientific research on public causes (No. 201105001-2). 2011-2014. RMB 1,570,000 (about USD240,000). CERF Lifetime Member Simulation on the evolution and realignment of North branch, Changjiang Estuary (No. BK2010050). Jiangsu Key NSF. 2010-2012. RMB 250,000 (about USD38,000). Physical processes near bottom boundary layer in shallow seas with strong tides and high turbid water. China NSF (No. 40876043). 2009-2011. RMB 500,000 (about USD77,000). Study and strategy on typical marine hazards of Hainan. Comprehensive Survey and Evaluation Program of Coastal Sea, Hainan Province (No. HN908-02-05). 2008-2011. RMB 250,000 (about USD38,000). Sediment dynamics and associated environment response in intertidal area and estuary. Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(No. NCET-06-0446). 2007- MOE Key Laboratory for Coast and Island Development 2009. RMB 500,000 (about USD77,000). Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Coast and Island Development Wave-current dynamic processes and tidal basin system evolution over tidal flats. China Department of Coastal Ocean Sciences NSF (No. 40576040). 2006-2008. RMB 380,000 (about USD58,000). School of Geography and Oceanography The estuary evolution by human activity impacts and associated hazards potential analysis. Nanjing University, China Jiangsu NSF (No. BK2006131). 2006-2008. RMB 75,000 (about USD12,000). Telephone: (+)86 25 3597308 (O) Siltation hazard and strategy on major embayment and estuary. National Comprehensive Fax: (+)86 25 3592686 Survey and Evaluation Program of China Coastal Ocean (No. 908-02-03-08). 2005- E-mail: [email protected] 2009. RMB 250,000 (about USD38,000). Physical oceanography and marine meteorological survey in Jiangsu coastal sea. National DEGREES AND DIPLOMA Comprehensive Survey and Evaluation Program of China Coastal Ocean (No. JS-908-01- July, 2000: Ph.D. (Marine Sediment Dynamics), Institute of Oceanology, 01). 2005-2009. RMB 921,000 (about USD140,000). Chinese Academy of Sciences (China) July, 1997: M.Sc. (Coastal Geomorphology and Sedimentology), SELECT PUBLICATIONS; Refereed Publications (English papers only) Department of Geography, Nanjing Normal University (China) Huang, H; Wang, Y.P.; Gao, S.; Chen, J.; Yang, Y., and Gao J., 2012. Extraction of July, 1994: B.Sc. (Geomorphology and Quaternary Geology), Department of morphometric bedform characteristics from profiling sonar datasets recorded in Geo-Ocean Sciences, Nanjing University (China) shallow coastal waters of China. China Ocean Engineering, 26(3), 469-482. RESEARCH INTERESTS Yunling Liu, Y.; Wang, Y.P.; Li, Y.; Gao, J.; Jia, J.; Xia, X., and Gao, S., 2012. Coastal Marine Sediment Dynamics; Benthic Boundary Layer Processes; Estuarine and embayment long-term erosion/siltation associated with P-A relationships: A case Coastal Morphodynamics study from Jiaozhou Bay, China. Journal of Coastal Research, 28(5), 1236-1246.

164 Just CERFing Vol. 8, Issue 9, September 2017 Continued on Next Page 165 Back Table of Contents Next CERF Lifetime Members A Special Acknowledgement To: He is a Fellow of the Geological Society of America and a Member of The American Meteorological Society, Society of Sedimentary Geologists, Na- Professor Nicholas K. Coch, Ph.D., C.P.G tional Association of Geology Teachers, American Association of Petroleum CERF Lifetime Member Geologists and is a Certified Professional Geologist. Dr. Coch is an expert on Northern Hurricanes and has been a consultant to the N.Y. City Emergency Management Organization and the N.Y.S. Office of Emergency Management. He has presented hurricane seminars to emergency management and government officials in every county in southern New York as well as insurance, reinsurance and risk management groups nationwide. In 2003, he was chosen as a Sigma Xi Distinguished Lecturer for 2004-2007, and presented lectures on his research at educational and research facilities in the U.S. and Canada. We are proud to acknowledge Professor Dr. Nicholas K. Coch as a Life- Programs including aspects of his hurricane research have aired on the time Member of the Coastal Education & Research Foundation. Dr. Coch CNN, PBS, Weather, Discovery, History and National Geographic Chan- received his Ph.D. in 1965 from Yale University with a specialization in nels, and in local, national and international news programs and periodicals. sedimentology and coastal geology. In 1967, he joined the faculty at Queens College of the City University of New York (CUNY). He is now a Professor Selected Publications: of Geology in the School of Earth and Environmental Sciences at Queens College of C.U.N.Y. and a member of the Doctoral Faculty of CUNY at Coch, N.K., 2015. Unique vulnerability of the New York-New Jersey Metropolitan the Graduate Center. He has co-authored two college geology textbooks Area to Hurricane Destruction. Journal of Coastal Research, 31(1), 196-212. (PHYSICAL GEOLOGY) and is the author of GEOHAZARDS (Pear- Coch, N.K., 2013. A field course in tropical coastal geology. Journal of Coastal Re- son). In 2008, he received the President's Award for Teaching Excellence at search, 29(6A), 214-225. Queens College and the John Moss Award For Excellence in College Teach- Coch, N.K., 2006. The unique vulnerability of the Northeast U.S. to hurricane damage. ing from the National Association of Geology Teachers. His research studies Geologic Society of America, Abstract with programs, National G.S.A. Meeting since 1967 have included sedimentation on the Moon, as a Principal In- (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania). vestigator in NASA's Lunar Sample Study Program, and shipboard studies For a complete list of Dr. Coch's publications or of continental shelf, coastal and estuarine areas in the Northeast, as well as his contact information, please visit: ground and aerial studies of the effects of hurricanes on coasts and urban http://www.qc.cuny.edu/Academics/Degrees/DMNS/sees/People/Pages/FacultyResearch.aspx?ItemID=23 centers. His recent research deals with the effects of hurricanes on coasts, urban centers and inland areas, in predicting hurricane damage and in critically analyzing our coastal management policies in a time of sea level rise. He has carried out ground and aerial studies of most recent hurricanes as well as forensic studies of older (16th-20th century) hurricanes.

166 Just CERFing Vol. 8, Issue 9, September 2017 Continued on Next Page 167 Back Table of Contents Next CERF Lifetime Members A Special Acknowledgement To: Hany Elwany, Ph.D. CERF Lifetime Member President, Coastal Environments 2166 Avenida de la Playa La Jolla, California, U.S.A. We are proud to acknowledge Dr. Hany Elwany as a Lifetime Member of the Coastal Education & Research Foundation. Dr. Elwany received a B.S. degree in Engineering from Alexandria University in 1971. In 1977, For more information about Dr. Elwany and he completed his Ph.D. at the University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Coastal Environments, please visit: He obtained an additional B.S. degree in Mathematics and Statistics at Alexandria University in 1980. Dr. Elwany has extensive experience http://coastalenvironments.com/ with nearshore oceanography, coastal processes, coastal engineering, and estuarine dynamics. He was the principal investigator for the physical oceanographic program of one of the largest environmental studies ever conducted on the U.S. west coast (at San Onofre). He has conducted in- depth studies of Nile Delta erosion, particularly since the construction of the Aswan Dam. His experience also includes projects involving optimization, numerical modeling, structural dynamic analysis, design of offshore structures, and data analyses, simulation, and dynamic modeling of ocean and coastal conditions. As an educator, both at Liverpool and Alexandria Universities, he taught courses in dynamics, statistics, numerical analysis, computer applications, and maritime engineering. Dr. Elwany also serves as the President of Coastal Environments, a unique multi-disciplinary oceanographic, coastal engineering, and environmental consulting firm. Coastal Environments, founded in 1988, is comprised of over 30 professional associates, all experts in their respective fields. Technical specialties include coastal and ocean engineering, engineering geology, oceanography, marine biology and geology, environmental analysis, economics, statistics, and computer programming/modeling.

168 Just CERFing Vol. 8, Issue 9, September 2017 Continued on Next Page 169 Back Table of Contents Next CERF Lifetime Members A Special Acknowledgement To: Björn Kjerfve, Ph.D., Chancellor CERF Lifetime Member has published some 12 books and 250 scientific journal papers, book chapters, and reports; has supervised 14 Ph.D. dissertations and 24 M.S. theses, and taught more than 6,000 oceanography students. His research includes problem-solving in estuarine and coastal waters as well as climate change and has attracted $20 million in research funding for 90 projects. Dr. Kjerfve’s field research has taken place along the East and Gulf coasts of the USA, the Caribbean, Brazil, Mexico, Colombia, Chile, Thailand, Malaysia, the Persian Gulf, Papua New Guinea, and Australia. Dr. Kjerfve was elected as a corresponding member of the Academia Brasileira de Ciências, the Brazilian Academy of Sciences in 2012. Dr. Kjerfve has served as the President of the World Maritime University from 2009 to 2014. He now has the great honor of serving as the fourth Chancellor of the American University of Sharjah in the UAE. American University of Sharjah Selected Publications: PO Box 26666, Sharjah United Arab Emirates Cavalcante, G.H.; Kjerfve, B.; Bauman, A.D., and Usseglio, P., 2011. Water http://www.aus.edu currents and water budget in a costal mega-structure, Palm Jumeirah Lagoon, [email protected] Dubai, UAE. Journal of Coastal Research, 27(2), 384-393. We are proud to acknowledge Dr. Björn Kjerfve as a Lifetime Member of the Cavalcante, G.H.; Kjerfve, B.; Knoppers, B., and Feary, D.A., 2010. Coastal Coastal Education & Research Foundation. He is the former Dean of the College currents adjacent to the Caeté Estuary, Pará Region, North Brazil. Estuarine of Geosciences and was a Professor of Oceanography at Texas A&M University, Coastal and Shelf Science, 88(1), 84-90. 2004-2009. While at Texas A&M, he oversaw four academic departments, the Medeiros, C. and Kjerfve, B., 2005. Longitudinal salt and sediment fluxes in a Texas Sea Grant Program, and the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP), tropical estuary: Itamaracá Brazil. Journal of Coastal Research, 21(4), 751-758. including the 475’ocean sciences drilling vessel, D/V JOIDES Resolution. Kjerfve was previously Professor of Marine and Geological Sciences at the University of Perillo, G.M.E. and Kjerfve, B., 2005. Regional estuarine and coastal systems of South Carolina, 1973-2004, and served as the Director of the Marine Science the Americas: An introduction. Journal of Coastal Research, 21(4), 729-730. Program, 2000-2004. He received Ph.D., M.S., and B.A. degrees from Louisiana State University (Marine Sciences), University of Washington (Oceanography), For a complete list of Dr. Kjerfve's publications or and Georgia Southern University (Mathematics), respectively. his contact information, please visit: http://www.aus.edu Professor Kjerfve’s expertise is coastal and estuarine physical oceanography. He

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A Special Acknowledgement To: Associate Professor Wei Zhang, Ph.D. CERF Lifetime Member

State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering Hohai University Nanjing 210098, P.R. China http://www.hydro-lab.cn/index_english.asp

Dr. Wei Zhang works as an associate professor of Harbor, Coastal, and Off- shore Engineering in State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University. He focuses on the tidal current, sediment and salinity movement and transportation laws of estuaries and coasts. Dr. Zhang has published over 20 papers in recent years, including five papers indexed by SCI and EI. He took part in one Key Project of National Nature Science Foundation of China, one 95th Year Key Science and Technology Project for the Ministry of Transport, and two Science and Technology Research Projects of Guangdong Province. He has also led youth projects for the National Nature Science Foundation.

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A Special Acknowledgement To: Charles Thibault CERF Lifetime Member

Department of Earth Sciences The University of Memphis 109 Johnson Hall Memphis, TN 38152, U.S.A. http://www.memphis.edu/des/student.php

Chuck Thibault is currently a Ph.D. candidate at the University of Mem- phis and a Geologist for EarthCon, Inc. Mr. Thibault received his M.S. from the University of Washington (Geology) and a B.S. from the Univer- sity of Memphis (Geology). His research interests include coastal and environmental hydrogeology and coastal geomorphology. His current research investigates the movement of storm surge generated saline water plumes through coastal surficial aquifers. Mr. Thibault’s field research has taken place along the U.S. coasts of Mississippi, Louisiana, and Washington, and on the eastern coast of Kamchatka, Russia.

For more information, please contact Mr. Thibault at: [email protected]

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A Special Acknowledgement To: Dr. EUR ING Erik Van Wellen CEng IntPE(UK) FICE FRGS MCIArb CERF Lifetime Member DEME Head Office in Integrated Coastal Zone Management strategies and how to best balance the competing interests of developments such as harbor facilities, coastal Haven 1025 – Scheldedijk 30 defenses, tourism infrastructures and coastal environment conservation; in- BE-2070 Zwijndrecht, Belgium cluding how best to strike a balance with mitigation and compensation. http://www.deme-group.com He has previously worked as a commercial diver; and since 1999 has worked [email protected] for the DEME Group (Dredging, Environmental and Marine Engineering) where he has held several operational, technical and commercial roles in We are proud to acknowledge Dr. Erik a worldwide setting and is currently employed as an international Project Van Wellen as a Lifetime Member of the Director. Coastal Education and Research Foun- He is a Fellow of the Institution of Civil Engineers and a Fellow of the Roy- dation. Dr. Van Wellen received M.Sc. al Geographical Society, a Member of the Chartered Institute of Arbitrators degrees from both the Artesis Antwerpen and a Member of the CEntral Dredging Association. Dr. Van Wellen is a (Civil Engineering) and the University of Registered Professional Engineer in continental Europe (EUR ING), the Liverpool (Maritime Civil Engineering). UK (CEng) and internationally IntPE(UK). He is considered an expert in In 1999, he subsequently received his such matters as Civil Engineering, Maritime Construction and Dredging; Ph.D. from the University of Plymouth and has considerable knowledge in the field of contract law and alternative with a specialization in sediment trans- dispute resolution. He also has several patents related to aforementioned port modeling. He has authored several technical fields registered to his name. papers in prominent international jour- When not working on engineering or maritime construction projects he nals and conference proceedings. can be found teaching diving as a Staff Instructor for the Professional As- He has research interests in the fields of sociation of Diving Instructors or actively involved in conservation work natural marine sediment dynamics and such as Dive Against Debris or Project AWARE Shark Conservation. His mechanically driven sediment transport, outstanding underwater photographs have graced the cover of the Journal of renewable energy, carbon-economics, operational optimization, data analy- Coastal Research (JCR) more than once. ses and mathematical simulations. During his time on the EuDA (European For a complete list of publications and more information, Dredging Association) Environment Committee he fostered a keen interest please contact Dr. Van Wellen via Skype on: vanwellenerik.

176 Just CERFing Vol. 8, Issue 9, September 2017 Continued on Next Page 177 Back Table of Contents Next CERF Lifetime Members A Special Acknowledgement To: Frédéric Bouchette, Ph.D. CERF Lifetime Member The scientific activity of Fred Bouchette concerns the development of concepts and methods in relation with the dynamics of shallow water environments. He studies the domain that extends from a few tens of meters of water depth at sea to the coastal watershed onshore, with a strong emphasis on the littoral area and the shoreline itself. He has worked in Spain, Taiwan, Canada, Norway, Chad, Italy, Greece, Switzerland, Tunisia, in the French Alps and in the Gulf of Lions (Mediterranean Sea). As testified by his publications, his research combines various points of view from geophysics to geology, including applied mathematics, civil engineering, quantitative geomorphology, with a strong connection to coastal archeology and the analysis of littoral hazards. Nevertheless, his heart's passion still lies with geophysics and applied mathematics. Presently, Fred Bouchette actively works on the conceptualization of the growth Associate Professor of Littoral Dynamics of long term shoreline instabilities such as cuspates or sand spits. On that topic, Geosciences Montpellier his last contribution for the Journal of Coastal Research (JCR) is the following UMR 5243 – University of Montpellier / CNRS proceeding: Bouchette, F.; Manna, M.; Montalvo, P.; Nutz., A.; Schuster, M., and Ghi- Following a M.Sc. in physics and mechanics, Fred Bouchette received his Ph.D. enne, J.-F., 2014. Growth of cuspate spits. In: Green, A. and Cooper, J.A.G. in March 2001 from the University of Montpellier, South of France. The title of (eds.), Proceedings from the International Coastal Symposium (ICS) 2014 the thesis is Wave/Seabottom Interaction: The Liquefaction Process (free transla- (Durban, South Africa). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 70, tion from French; advisor: Professor M. Séguret). After his Ph.D., Fred had been pp. 47-52. employed at the University of Montpellier as an associate professor in the department of Geosciences. From 2008 to early 2011, he had moved to the Institute of Fred Bouchette has published>50 papers and short papers in international jour- mathematics and modeling of Montpellier for a three years long stay. Then, until nals such as Coastal Engineering, Journal of Coastal Research, Discrete and Discon- 2012, he has been hosted as an invited professor in the METOS laboratory at the tinuous Dynamical Systems, Journal of Geophysical Research, Sedimentology, Con- University of Oslo, Norway. He is now back to the University of Montpellier in tinental Shelf Research, Quaternary Research, Ocean Engineering, Marine Geology, the same department of Geosciences. and Climate Research. Most of his works were performed with and for students. He has contributed to more than 80 proceedings in international or domestic From 2002, Fred was asked to build a scientific staff on littoral hydro-morpho- conferences. Fred Bouchette also heads the scientific development of a HPC nu- dynamics called GLADYS (www.gladys-littoral.org). From that time, the group merical platform for coastal engineering (www.mirmidon.org). GLADYS has grown progressively. At now, Fred co-leads the group GLADYS, which rallies most of the scientists working on littoral hydro-morphodynamics For a complete list of publications and more information, please visit: along the French Mediterranean Coast, with distinct approaches ranging from www.bouchette.org applied mathematics to geosciences.

178 Just CERFing Vol. 8, Issue 9, September 2017 Continued on Next Page 179 Back Table of Contents Next CERF Lifetime Members A Special Acknowledgement To: Dr. Stephen P. Leatherman CERF Lifetime Member

We are proud to acknowledge Dr. Stephen P. Leatherman as a Lifetime Mem- ber of the Coastal Education and Research Foundation (CERF). Dr. Leather- man is Professor and Director of the Laboratory for Coastal Research at Florida International University. He received his Ph.D. in Environmental (Coastal) Sciences from the University of Virginia, and completed his undergraduate degree in Geosciences at North Carolina State University. Prior to joining FIU, Stephen was Professor and Director of the Laboratory for Coastal Research at the University of Maryland; Director of the National Park Research Unit at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst; and Assistant Professor in the Department of Geology at Boston University. Stephen has authored or edited 16 books, including Sea Level Rise: Causes and Consequences; Barrier Island Handbook; Overwash Processes; Cape Cod: From Glaciers to Beaches; and America's Best Beaches. He has also authored over 200 journal articles and technical reports, including articles in both Sci- ence and Nature. Stephen has provided expert testimony multiple times for the U.S. Senate and U.S. House of Representatives. He was also the on-screen host and co-pro- Department of Earth & Environment ducer of the 1992 film "Vanishing Lands", winner of three international film Laboratory for Coastal Research awards, including the Golden Eagle. Florida International University Miami, FL 33199 https://earthenvironment.fiu.edu/faculty/stephen-leatherman/ For more information, please contact Dr. Leatherman at: [email protected] http://www.drbeach.org/aboutdrbeach.htm

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Golder Associates Ltd. Vancouver, British Columbia, V5M 0C4, Canada [email protected]

We are proud to acknowledge Dr. Philip D. Osborne as a Lifetime Member ect related environmental impacts. of the Coastal Education and Research Foundation (CERF). Dr. Osborne is Established in 1960, Golder is a global, employee-owned organization driv- the Principal Senior Coastal Geomorphologist at Golder Associates [British en by the purpose to engineer earth’s development while preserving earth’s Columbia, Canada]. Of particular note was when a Certificate of Achievement integrity. Their goal is to help their clients find sustainable solutions to the in the technological and ecological safety contribution category was present- challenges society faces today including extraction of finite resources, energy ed to Dr. Osborne by Confidence Capital and the Organization for Security and water supply and management, waste management, urbanization, and and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) in recognition of Golder's contribution climate change. Golder does this by providing a wide range of independent in the field of promoting environmental and industrial safety. Dr. Osborne consulting, design and construction services to their clients in specialist areas gave a presentation at the organization's 2nd International Conference on of earth, environment, and energy. "Onshore and Offshore Oil Spills: Prevention and Response" conference held in Almaty, Kazakhstan in March 2013, where his topic was the Experimental For more information, please contact Dr. Osborne at: Offshore Air & Water Quality Monitoring System (AWQMS) for the D-Is- https://ca.linkedin.com/in/phil-osborne-4a439a9 land. He spoke about Golder's experience with the installation and first year of operation of the water quality monitoring system in the North Caspian Sea being used to establish project baseline and an early warning system for proj-

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Coastal Sedimentology Research Group Institute of Geology and Geoinformation (IGG) Geological Survey of Japan (GSJ), AIST Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8567, Japan [email protected]

We are proud to acknowledge Dr. Yoshiki Saito as a Lifetime Member of the (IGG/AIST), Co-Leader of IGCP-475 "Deltas in the Monsoon Asia-Pacific Coastal Education and Research Foundation (CERF). Dr. Saito (D.Sc.) is the region: DeltaMAP", Leader of CCOP "Integrated Geological Assessment of Prime Senior Researcher and Leader of the Coastal Sedimentology Research Deltas in the SE and E Asian region: DelSEA-II" Project, and Leader/Chief Group for the Institute of Geology and Geoinformation (IGG) at the Geolog- Coordinator of JSPS AA Science Platform Program "Mega-Delta Watching in ical Survey of Japan (GSJ), AIST. His principle research interests are shallow Asia: Networking and Capacity Building. marine sedimentology, modern sedimentary processes, sequence stratigraphy, strata formation, and human impacts. Current projects that Dr. Saito is work- For more information, please contact Dr. Saito at: ing on include deltas in Southeast and East Asia, strata formation, sequence https://staff.aist.go.jp/yoshiki.saito/ stratigraphy, morphodynamics, and modern sedimentary processes of deltas and incised-valley fills, with close links to sea-level changes, climate changes and human impacts. His credentials also include Leader of the Asian Delta Project

184 Just CERFing Vol. 8, Issue 9, September 2017 Continued on Next Page 185 Back Table of Contents Next CERF Lifetime Members A Special Acknowledgement To: Prof. Dr hab. Kazimierz Furmańczyk CERF Lifetime Member International Coastal Symposium (ICS) at Szczecin University (Poland) in 2011. In 1999, Dr. Furmańczyk received the Fulbright Senior Grant when he visited the University of Florida in Gainesville. He was also given a German DAAD grant for visiting the Christian Albert University of Kiel. Dr. Furmańczyk is an initiator and editor of a periodic: ICZM in Po- land – present state and perspectives, edited by University of Szczecin. Since 2005, he has edited 5 volumes and has several achievements in research of the South Baltic coastal development regularities, which were provided in numerous papers. Recently, the greatest achievements of his staff are: construction of a prototype of Early Warning System – Storm impact forecasting www.micore.eu and construction of sub-system, SatBaltic - Coast” as a part of SatBałtyk system www.satbaltyk.pl Selected Recent Publications: • Musielak, S.; Furmańczyk, K., and Bugajny N., in press. Factors and processes forming the Remote Sensing and Marine Cartography Unit Polish Southern Baltic Sea coast on various temporal and spatial scales. In: Harff, J.; Fur- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences manczyk, K., and von Storch, H. (eds.), Coastline changes of the Baltic Sea from South to East University of Szczecin - Past and Future Projection. Coastal Research Library (CRL), Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Szczecin, Poland Springer International Publishing. [email protected] •Bugajny, N. and Furmańczyk, K., in press. Comparison of short-term changes caused by storms along natural and protected sections of the Dziwnow Spit, Southern Baltic Coast. We are proud to acknowledge Prof. Dr hab. Kazimierz Furmańczyk as a Lifetime Member Journal of Coastal Research. of the Coastal Education and Research Foundation (CERF). Dr. Furmańczyk is currently Full • Furmańczyk, K. and Musielak, S., 2015. Polish spits and barriers. In: Randazzo, G.; Jack- Professor at the University of Szczecin and co-founder (with prof. S. Musielak) of the Institute son, D.W.T., and Cooper, J.A.G. (eds.), Sand and Gravel Spits. Coastal Research Library of Marine and Coastal Sciences (IMCS). His active research interests include morphodynam- (CRL), Volume 12, Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer International Publishing, pp. ics of the coastal zone using remote sensed methods. Since 1991, Dr. Furmańczyk has been a 181-195. Polish coordinator of several EU Projects: BASYS, CoastLearn, EUROSION, MESSINA, and MICORE. Together with his staff, he has also participated in the SatBałtyk project (Satellite • Bugajny, N. and Furmańczyk, K., 2014. Dune coast changes caused by weak storm events monitoring of the Baltic Sea) since 2009. Dr. Furmańczyk is also responsible for lecturing at in Miedzywodzie, Poland. In: Green, A.N. and Cooper, J.A.G. (eds.), Proceedings from the Erasmus (IP) international summer schools: on ICZM in Porto (2002) and Ponta Delgada International Coastal Symposium (ICS) 2014 (Durban, South Africa). Journal of Coastal Re- (2003); on Multidisciplinary Approach to Flood Risk Analysis - IMARA in Italy (2010-2012); search, Special Issue No. 70, pp. 211-216. Multirisk Assessment and Mitigation in Europe MIRAME in San Giovanni Valdarno - Italy (2013) and Aveiro – Portugal (2014); and also at the Erasmus Mundus study on Water River For more information, please contact Dr. Furmańczyk at: and Coastal Management in Faro - Portugal. He served as the Chair and Organizer of the 11th http://www.wnoz.ztikm.szczecin.pl/en/1/inom/list/id-33/

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Profesor Titular Departamento de Geografía Historia y Filosofía Universidad Pablo de Olavide Sevilla, Spain

For more information, please contact Dr. Malvárez at: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/G_Malvarez

188 Just CERFing Vol. 8, Issue 9, September 2017 Continued on Next Page 189 Back Table of Contents Next CERF Lifetime Members A Special Acknowledgement To: Dr. Fatima Navas CERF Lifetime Members

Dr. Fatima Navas is head of the "Coastal Environments" Research Group (RNM-911) and Profesora Titular at Universidad Pablo de Olavide in Seville (Spain). She is also Sponsor Associate at Ulster University (UK). She has extensive experience in coastal processes, integrated coastal zone management, coastal tourism and spatial data information and mapping. Her research focuses in coastal morphodynamics, environmental impacts caused by human activities in coastal areas, sustainable management for tourism development in the Mediterranean, as well as storminess and environmentally sensitive coastal areas of the European Union. She is involved with the design and implementation of higher education programs, both graduate and postgraduate, as well as participated in numerous research projects, such as the EU ECHO Civil Protection FLOOD-CBA, ECOSHAZ, FLOOD-CBA#2, EU FP7 Program PEGASO, MEDINA Projects, and EU MED Program COASTGAP, among other projects. Her scientific work has been published in international impact index journals Profesora Titular of Physical Geography such as, for example, Geology, Marine Geology, Journal of Coastal Research, Journal of Coastal Conservation, Journal of Tourism Management, and Coast- Universidad Pablo de Olavide al Engineering. 41013 - Sevilla, Spain Email: [email protected]

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Norbert P. Psuty Timothy W. Kana Professor Emeritus President Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences Coastal Science & Engineering (CSE) Rutgers University Columbia, South Carolina, USA Newark, New Jersey, USA [email protected] [email protected] Lindino Benedet Carl H. Hobbs III Director Emeritus Professor of Marine Science Coastal & Maritime Services Virginia Institute of Marine Science Environmental & Sustainability Gloucester Point, Virginia, USA CBI [email protected] Boca Raton, Florida, USA [email protected]

Robert S. Young Georges Chapalain Professor of Geology Directeur de Recherches Department of Geosciences and Natural Resources CETMEF-laboratoire de Génie Côtier et Environnement Director, Program for the Study of Developed Shorelines Plouzane, France Western Carolina University [email protected] Cullowhee, North Carolina, USA [email protected]

192 Just CERFing Vol. 8, Issue 9, September 2017 193 Back Table of Contents Next The Coastal Education and Research Foundation (CERF) proudly welcomes the following new members to our coastal research society: Aboobaker Mamun, Basil Chirosca, G. Godeanu, Stoica Lane, Hillary Numbere, Aroloye Ofo Souza, Sirius Ajai, Prof Chun, Hwusub Gonzalez Leija, Mariana Lathrop, Richard Oakley, Adrienne Stiros, Stathis C. Al-Nasrawi, Ali K.M. Ciorbea, Valentin Gonzalez-Alvarez, Sergio Latif, Shahid Olivos-Ortiz, Aramis Suanez, Serge Alexandri, Matina Claudino-Sales, Vanda Guedes Soares, Carlos Lazar, Elena O'Neal, Michael Strezov, Aleksandr Allen, Tom Contreras, Manuel Guo, Chunyu Lee, Lee-Hsueh Osadchaya, Tatyana Subrath-Ali, Carol Amarjouf, Najat Cornwell, Jeffrey Gutierres, Francisco Lees, Dennis Ospina, German Daniel Sundaramanickam, Arumugam An, Soonmo Costa, Pedro Guzman, Emanuel Legare, Bryan Ottow, Martin Swanson, Robert Lawrence Anderson, William Currin, Carolyn Haas, Kevin Lenz, Walter Paine, Jeffrey G. Tajul Baharuddin, Mohamad Andrade, Francisco Cutrim, Marco Haluska, James Liang, Yiqing Paramio, Luz Faizal Bin Aranguena, Edorta A. Dahm, Jim Hanlon, Lynda Michelle Linder, B. Lee Parkinson, Randall Takewaka, Satoshi Armono, Haryo Dai, Heng Non Hansen, Jens Morten Linklater, Michelle Parkhomenko, Alexandr Tebbens, Sarah F. Armstrong, Roy Dai, Peng Harris, Peter Lira, Cristina Patrascu, Vasile Tereshchenko, Nataliya Ascione, Isabella Dally, William Hart, Deirdre Liritzis, Ioannis Paul, Ashis Thys, Alexandre Balouin, Yann Dean, Cornelia Diane Hatcher, Bruce Little, David Perez-castaneda, Roberto Tiganov, George Badescu, Viorel Diaconeasa, Danut Hegde, Venkatraman S. Liu, James Pirazzoli, Paolo Twomey, Niall Bailey, Conner Din, Ndongo Hickey, Robert Lockwood, Lucy Praveena, Sarva Uba, Felix Barletta, Mario Ding, Lili Hill, Paul Long, Joshua Pucino, Nicolas Unc, Octavian Dumitru Barnett, Joel Diviacco, Paolo Holloway, Kellie Lucas, Kelly L. Purandare, Jemma van Keulen, Mike Barreto, Maritza Divinskiy, B.V. Hosier, Paul E. Lucieer, Vanessa Ragoonaden, Sachooda Vizireanu, I. Barr, Stuart Do, Duc Hsu, Yulun Lynk, Kenneth Rahaman, Mazlur Walker, Ian J. Begum, Salma Donnangelo, Alejandro Huang, Zhenhua H. Manivanan, Ramasamy Rahman, Mujibor Waters, Jeffrey P. Bejan, Remus Douglass, Scott Huq, Anisul Mann, Thomas Ramos, Carmela Cristhy Webb, Bret Maxwell Belknap, Daniel Dovlete, Constantin Hwang, Jin H. Marineseu, Alexandru Raykov, Violin Widmer, Walter Belmonte, Genuario Dullo, Wolf-Christian Jewell, Kim McCants, Carson Restrepo, Juan C. Woolard, Liza Bercu, Rodica Dura, Nicolae V. Jones, Dafydd Lloyd Mihailov, Emanuela Ribeiro Ferreira, Jose Carlos Wright, Ian Bilgili, Ata Edwards, Taneisha Kana, Timothy Miller, Deborah L. Rogers, Kerrylee Xharde, Regis Black, Mart El-Gamal, Ayman Karimpour, Arash Miller, Richard Rossi-Santos, Marcos Xie, Zhenglei Bologna, Paul Escobar, Carlos Kearney, Michael S. Mirzoyeva, Natalya Rua, Alex F. Xu, Chunyang Boone, Laura Evelpidou, Niki Kelly, Sean Miyazaki, Yusuke Ruangchuay, Rapeeporn Karaipoom Yu, Guo Bosneagu, Romeo Ezer, Tal Kerans, Andrew Montello, Todd M. Ruiz-Martinez, Gabriel Yurakhno, Violetta Botero, Camilo-Mateo Fagaras, Marius Kinsela, Michael Mooneyhan, David Saleedo-Castro, Julio Zaharin Aris, Ahmad Bouchette, Frédéric Faulkes, Zen Knott, Jayne Moore, Laura J. Sarbu, Vasile Zaitsev, Yuvenaly Buchanan, Gary Fellowes, Thomas Knudby, Anders Moreno-Casasola, Patricia Sato, Daisaku Zhang, Wei Bui, Trong Vinh Ferina, Nicholas Kolahdoozan, Morteza Munoz Valles, Sara Sava, Daciana Zhang, Xueqing Campbell, Foster Fitchen, William M. Kong, Jun Nadal-Caraballo, Norberto Scarponi, Daniele Zhang, Xin Carp, Doina Fitzgerald, Tom Kopiy, Vera Naess, Arvid Schedel, Angela Zhao, Zhongwei Caudle, Tiffany Flampouris, Stylianos Kosyan, R.D. Nagdee, Mohammed Rafik Shah, Dharmendra Castro Santos, Laura Forrest, Alex Kuiters, Loek Narine, Patrick Sharples, Chris Cervantes, Omar Fuentes, Zamara Kukushkin, Alexander Nenciu, Magda Ioana Silambarasan, Krishnan Chakraborty, Susanta Kumar Funderburk, William Kullenberg, Gunnar Niculescu, Simona Silva, Ana Nobre Chapalain, Georges Galbeaza, Alina Kundapura, Suman Nielsen, Alexander Slattery, Michael Patrick Chen, Jianfang Genç, Asli Numanoglu La Peyre, Megan Nguyen, Anh Song, Zhiyao Chen, Yongpin George, Grinson Laakkonen, Katie Noor Islam, Shafi Soerensen, Per

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CERF MEMBERS Abi-Ghanem, Carine Aranguena, Edorta A. Barut, Ipek Brook, Adam Abogado, María Teresa Araújo, Maria Amélia Batayneh, Awni Brooke, Brendan Aboobacker Mamun, Basil Arechiga, Jorge Battiau, Yvonne Brown, Alyson Adams, Peter Arena, Felice Baye, Peter Bruno, Maria Francesca Adegbie, Adesina Arens, Bas Bayram, Bulent Brutsche, Katherine Adomat, Friederike Armbruster, Charles K. Beal, Irina Buchanan, Gary Ahmed, Mostafa Armono, Haryo Beck, Tanya M. Buenfil-lopez, Luis Ahrendt, Kai Armstrong, Roy Begum, Salma Bugajny, Natalia Aiello, Antonello Arntsen, Oivind. Bejan, Remus Bui, Trong Vinh Ajai, Prof Ascione, Isabella Belknap, Daniel Burningham, Helene Akgul, Mehmet Atkins, Rowland Belmonte, Genuario Bush, David, M. Al-Nasrawi, Ali K.M. Aucoin, Francis Benavente, Javier Buynevich, Ilya Alcantara-Carrio, Javier Augustinus, Pieter Benedet Filho, Lindino Byrne, Mary-Louise Alexandri, Matina Azuz-adeath, Isaac Andres Bercu, Rodica Byrnes, Mark Allan, Jonathan Baas, Andreas C. Bernasconi, Maria Cahoon, Lawrence B. Allen, Tom Badescu, Viorel Berry, Ashton Calado, Helena Almar, Rafael Bae, Jae Seok Betard, Francois Campbell, Foster Josef Alves, Bruna Baeteman, Cecile Bethel, Matthew Campbell, Thomas J. Amarjouf, Najat Baganha Baptista, Paulo Biljili, Ata Cannizzaro, Jennifer Amini, Farshad Bailey, Conner Billy, Julie Carbajal, Noel Amos, Carl Balouin, Yann Birch, Gavin Carle, Melissa An, Soonmo Banks, Ken Bittencourt, Abilio Carobene, Luigi Anderson, Agnes Bao, Kunshan Black, Mart Carp, Doina Anderson, Tiffany Baptista Baganha Bologna, Paul Carrasco, Ana Rita Anderson, William Barbaro, Giuseppe Bonetti, Jarbas Carter, Gregory A. Andrade, Francisco Barboza, Eduardo Boon, John Carvalho da Silva, André L. Anfuso, Giorgio Barletta, Mario Boone, Laura Casares-Salazar, Rafael Angnuureng, Donatus Barnard, Patrick Boothroyd, Jon Castelle, Bruno Anselme, Brice Barnett, Joel Bosneagu, Romeo Castro Santos, Laura Anthony, Edward Barnhardt, Walter Botero, Camilo-Mateo Cattani, Pamela Antunes Do Carmo, Jose Barr, Stuart Bouchette, Frédéric Caudle, Tiffany Aragones, Luis Barreiros, Joao Brander, Rob Caufield, Brian Andrew Aramuge, Aderito Barreto, Maritza Brill, Dominik M. Cearreta, Alejandro

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Celso, Felix Crowell, Mark Dias, Gilberto Ennis, Brad Certain, Raphael Cuadrado, Diana G. Dias, João Miguel Ericksen, Marc Cervantes, Omar Cuc, Nguyen Diaz-Sanchez, Roberto Escobar, Carlos Chakraborty, Susanta Kumar Currin, Carolyn Dickson, Stephen M. Esteban, M. Dolores Chandramohan, P. Cutrim, Marco Diez, J. Javier Esteves, Luciana Chao, Min D'Sa, Eurico Din, Ndongo Etienne, Samuel Chapalain, Georges da Silva Dias, Francisco Ding, Lili Evans, Graham Charlier, Roger H. da Silva, Anderson Dionne, Jean-Claude Evelpidou, Niki Chaumillion, Eric da Silva, Andre Diviacco, Paolo Everts, Craig Chen, Guan-yu Dahm, Jim Divinskiy, B.V. Ewing, Lesley Chen, Jianfang Dai, Heng Non Do, Duc Minh Ezer, Tal Chen, Jianyu Dai, Peng Donnangelo, Alejandro Fagaras, Marius Chen, Yongping Dai, Zhijun Donoghue, Joseph F. Fang, Kezhao Cheng, Jun Dally, William Dornbusch, Uwe Farrell, Stewart Cheng, Yan Davidson-Arnott, R. Douglass, Scott Faulkes, Zen Chevalier, Cristele Davis, Richard Albert Dovlete, Constantin Feagin, Rusty Childs, Jayson Day, John Doyle, Alister Fellowes, Thomas Chirosca, G. de Andrade, Luciana Doyle, Thomas Ferentinou, Maria Cho, Yong-Sik de Assis Machado, Raquel Duce, Stephanie Ferina, Nicholas Choi, Byung Ho De Falco, Giovanni Duclos, Pierre-Arnud Fernandes, Marcus Cienfuegos, Rodrigo de Jager, Alfred Dudzinska-Nowak, Joanna Ferreira, Maria Adelaide Ciorbea, Valentin de Lacerda, Luiz Drude Dullo, Wolf-Christian Ferreira, Oscar Manuel Clara, Moira de Lange, W.P. Dura, Nicolae V. Finkl, Charles W. Claudino-Sales, Vanda De Muro, Sandro Dusek, Gregory Fitchen, William M. Cline, Marie de Oliveira, Anabela P. Dzwonkowski, Brian FitzGerald, Duncan M. Coch, Nicholas K. de Sousa Felix, Rosigleyse C. Eakins, Barry Fitzgerald, Tom Cohn, Nicholas Dean, Cornelia Diane Echeverria, Carlos Flampouris, Stylianos Concejo, Ana Vila Defeo, Omar Edwards, Taneisha Fletcher, Charles Conley, Daniel C. Delgado-Fernandez, Irene Ehrlich, Üllas Flores Montes, Manuel Contreras, Manuel Delpesh, Charmaine O'brien El-Asmar, Hesham Forrest, Alex Cooper, J. Andrew Dentale, Fabio El-Gamal, Ayman Fortunato, André Cornejo Ortega, Jose Luis Deo, M.C. Eliot, Ian Frederickson, Erlend Cornwell, Jeffrey Dethier, Megan Ellis, Jean T. Freedman, Janet Costa, Pedro Diaconeasa, Danut Elwany, Hany Freeman, Angelina

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Friedrichs, Carl Griggs, Gary Henry, Kelly Jena, Basanta Kumar Froede, Carl Grover, Robert Hester, Mark Jeng, Dong-Sheng Fuentenebro, Maria Guastella, Lisa Hickey, Robert Jensen, Jesper Fuentes, Zamara Guedes Soares, Carlos Hill, Douglas Jenson, John Funderburk, William Guo, Chunyu Hill, Paul Jewell, Kim Furmanczyk, Kazimierz K. Gutierres, Francisco Hilton, Mike Jewell, Laura Galbeaza, Alina Guy, Jr., Donald E. Ho, Chung-Ru Jian, Shuguang Gale, Emma Guzman, Emanuel Hoagland, Porter Johnson, David Gallego-Fernandez, Juan B. Ha, Taemin Hobbs III, Carl H. Johnson, Markes E. Gao, Shu Haas, Kevin Hoekstra, Piet Johnsson, Mark Geiman, Joseph Hale, Rachel Holgate, Simon Jolicoeur, Serge Gelinas, Morgan Halsey, Susan D. Holloway, Kellie Jones, Christopher Genç, Asli Numanoglu Haluska, James Hoonhout, Bas Jones, Dafydd Lloyd George, Grinson Hanamgond, Pramod Horn, Diane Jones, Rebekah Georgiou, Ioannis Haney, Rebecca Horsburgh, Kevin Jordan, Elizabeth Jean Ghandour, Ibrahim Hanlon, Lynda Michelle Hosier, Paul E. Judd, Frank Giese, Graham Hansen, Jens Morten Houston, James R. Jugwanth, Samista Glick, Patty Hanslow, David Hsu, Tai-Wen Kabiling, Mike Goble, Bronwyn Hanson, Hans Hsu, Yulun Kabuth, Alina Godeanu, Stoica Hardaway, C. Scott Hu, Jiauyu Kaempf, Jochen Godinez-Orta, Lucio Harman, Ben Huang, Wenrui Kaiser, Mona Gomez, Rocio Carrero Harris, Michael Huang, Zhenhua H. Kaminsky, George Gong, Zheng Harris, Peter Huff, Robert Kana, Timothy Gontz, Allen M. Hart, Deirdre Hughes, Michael Kang, Jeongwon Gonzalez Leija, Mariana Berenice Hartwell, S. Ian Huisman, Bastiaan Karimpour, Arash Gonzalez-Alvarez, Sergio Hasan, G.M. Hunt, Trent Kaszubowski, Leszek Gonzalez-Zamorano, Patricia Haslett, Simon Huq, Anisul Kearney, Michael S. Goodman, Patricia Hatcher, Bruce Hwang, Jin H. Keen, Timothy Goodwin, Ian David Hegde, A. Vittal Hwang, Sun-Wan Kelletat, Dieter Gopaul, Nazeer Hegde, Venkatraman S. Ibba, Angelo Kelley, Joseph T. Gornitz, Vivien Hegge, Bruce John Iida, Tatsuki Kelly, Christopher Gorokhovich, Yuri Heilman, Daniel Isla, Federico I. Kelly, Sean Granja, Helena Maria Henderson, Gina Jackson, Nancy L. Kench, Paul Green, Andrew Hennecke, Werner Jarmalavicius, Darius Kennedy, David

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Kenov, Isabella Kuang, Cuiping Li, Jin Loureiro, Carlos Kerans, Andrew James Kuiters, Loek Li, Linjuan Loveson, Victor Keyers, Jessica Kukushkin, Alexander Liang, Bingchen Lucas, Kelly L. Kidder, George Kullenberg, Gunnar Liang, Shin-Jye Lucieer, Vanessa Kim, Chang S. Kumar, P.K. Liang, Shuxiu Lucrezi, Serena Kim, Choong-Ki Kundapura, Suman Liang, Yiqing Luijendijk, Arjen Kim, Dongseon Kure, Shuichi Lim, Hak-Soo Lychagin, Mikhail Kim, Kyeong Ok Kusdua, Tetsuya Lin, Haijiang Lynk, Kenneth Kim, Kyuhan Kwarteng, Andy Yaw Lin, Tsung-Yi Magarotto, Mateus Kindinger, Jack L. La Peyre, Megan Linder, B. Lee Mahgoub, Mohamed Kinsela, Michael Laakkonen, Katie Linhoss, Anna Mahiques, Michel Kizhisseri, Abdulla Sharief Laboyrie, Kurt Linklater, Michelle Maio, Christopher Kjerfve, Bjorn Labuz, Tomasz Lira, Cristina Makowski, Christopher Klein, Antonio H.F. Lace, Michael Liritzis, Ioannis Malan, Niel Klemas, Victor Laibi, Raoul Lisimenka, Aliaksandr Malvarez, Gonzalo Knight, Jasper Lakhan, V. Chris Lisle, Lorance Dix Manivanan, Ramasamy Knott, Jayne Lapine, Chris List, Jeffrey Mann, Thomas Knudby, Anders Lathrop, Richard Little, David Irving Mano, Akira Kobayashi, N. Lazar, Elena Little, Mimely Marchese, Christian Kocum, Esra Leadon, Mark Liu, James Marcomini, Silvia Koftis, Theoharris Leatherman, Stephen P. Liu, Kam-biu Marineseu, Alexandru Kokot, Roberto Roque Lee, Hee Liu, Sen Markull, Katrin Kolahdoozan, Morteza Lee, Jun-Whan Liu, Yue Marques, Joana Kolerski, Tomasz Lee, Lee-Hsueh Lockwood, Lucy Marrack, Lisa Komar, Paul D. Lee, Tae-Won Lonard, Robert Martinez Diaz de Leon, Asdrubal Kong, Jun Lees, Dennis Long, Jordan Martinez Flores, Guillermo Kont, Are Lefebvre, Jean-Pierre Long, Joshua Martinez, Maria Kopiy, Vera Legare, Bryan Lonyszyn, Przemyslaw Martins, Ana Kosmynin, Vladimir Lemckert, Charles Lopes Alves, Fátima Martivs, Maria Kosyan, R.D. Lencart e Silva, João Lopes, Carina Mason, Owen Kovacs, John Lenz, Walter López Gutiérrez, Jose S. Mateo, Zenon Kowalski, Joseph Lawrence Levoy, Franck López, Gloria Matias, Ana Krestenitis, Yannis N. Lewis, Matt Losada Rodriguez, Miguel Mattheus, Robin Kriebel, David L. Lewis, Roy Louda, J. William Mawdsley, Robert

202 Just CERFing Vol. 8, Issue 9, September 2017 Continued on Next Page 203 Back Table of Contents Next CERF Members Mazaheri, Said Moreland, Kimber November, Eben Parkhomenko, Alexandr McBride, Randolph Alexander Moreno-Casasola, Patricia Barcelo Numbere, Aroloye Ofo Parkinson, Randall McCants, Carson Moskalski, Susanne Nunes Barboza, Conceicao Parks, David McCorquodale, Alex Mozley, Edward, C. O'brien Delpesh, Charmaine Parnell, Kevin McDowell Peek, Katie Mull, Jeremy O'Neal, Michael Patrascu, Vasile McKenna, Kimberly K. Munoz Valles, Sara O'Shea, Michael Pattiaratchi, C.B. McLaren, Patrick Munoz-Perez, Juan Oakley, Adrienne Jean Paul, Ashis Medellin, Gabriela Murakoshi, Naomi Oakley, Brian Paulsen, Manfred Medina-Gomez, Israel Murdukhayeva, Angelica Oakley, Bryan A. Pavlidou, Alexandra Medina, Raul Murillo, Elizabeth Marie Obeysekera, Jayantha Pechsiri, Joseph Mehta, Ashish Murray, A. Brad Obiefuna, Jerry Pelinovsky, Efim Mendelssohn, Irving Murren, Courtney Oellermann, Lawrence Keith Pereira da Silva, Carlos Mendoza-Gonzalez, Gaby Nadal-Caraballo, Norberto Ofo Numbere, Aroloye Pereira, Luci Messaros, Roy Naess, Arvid Oh, Sang-Ho Perez-castaneda, Roberto Meyer-Arendt, Klaus Nagdee, Mohammed Rafik Olea, Richardo Perez, Carlos Mihailov, Emanuela Naidu, V.S. Olivos-Ortiz, Aramis Peterson, Curt D. Miles, Jon Naquin, James Ollerhead, Jeff Phillips, Mike Miller, Deborah L. Narine, Patrick Olsen, Erik J. Pierce, Aaron Miller, Eric Nava-Sanchez, Enrique Oltman-Shay, Joan Pilkey, Orrin Miller, Ian Navas, Fatima Orford, Julian Pinet, Paul R. Miller, Richard Neal, William J. Ortiz, Juan Pintado, Emilia Mimura, Nobuo Needelman, Brian Osadchaya, Tatyana Pinto, Josep Min, Jee-Eun Negro, Vicente Osborne, Philip D. Pirazzoli, Paolo Miossec, Alain Nenciu, Magda Ioana Oseji, Ozuem Pivovaroff, Alex Mirzoyeva, Natalya Nettles, N.S. Ospina, German Daniel Plecha, Sandra Miyazaki, Yusuke Neumeier, Urs Ottow, Martin Poate, Timothy Monge, Jackie Neves, Claudio F. Ozturk, Derya Pokavanich, Tanuspong Montefalcone, Monica Nguyen, Anh Paine, Jeffrey G. Pons, Frank Monteiro, Marcos Nicholls, Robert J. Palalane, Jaime Pousa, Jorge Montello, Todd M. Nicolas, Robin Paquier, Anne-Eleonore Pranzini, Enzo Mooneyhan, David Niculescu, Simona Paramio, Luz Praveena, Sarva Moore, Gregg Nielsen, Alexander Park, Heung-Sik Psuty, Norbert P. Moore, Laura J. Noor Islam, Shafi Park, Kyeong Pucino, Nicolas Moran, Kelli Nordstrom, Karl Parker, Hugh Pupienis, Donatus

204 Just CERFing Vol. 8, Issue 9, September 2017 Continued on Next Page 205 Back Table of Contents Next CERF Members Purandare, Jemma Rossi-Santos, Marcos Sexton, Walter J. Souza, Sirius Pye, Kenneth Rua, Alex F. Shaffer, Anne Spencer, Tom Quan, Steven Ruangchuay, Rapeeporn Karaipoom Shah, Dharmendra Spetter, Carla Quigg, Antonietta Rusenko, Kirt W. Shahrizal, Ab Razak Mohd Sposato, Patricia Radermacher, Max Russell, Barbara Sharples, Chris Staiger, Jon C. Radtke, Ulrich Ryan, Emma Jean Shaw, Charles Stanley, Jean-Daniel Ragoonaden, Sachooda Saito, Yoshiki Sherman, Douglas J. Steichen, Jamie Rahaman, Mazlur Saitoh, Takehisa Sherman, Heidi Stewart, William Rahman, Mujibor Saleedo-Castro, Julio Shih, Ruey-Syan Stiros, Stathis C. Rahman, Saeed Salmon, Michael Shim, Jae-Seoul Stive, Marcel Rahn, Jennifer Salzmann, Leslee Shin, Sungwon Stokes, Christopher Ramos, Carmela Cristhy Sander, Lasse Shipman, Hugh Stotz, Wolfgang Ramsay, P.J. Sanders, Brett Short, Andrew Strezov, Aleksandr Ramsey III, Elijah Sarbu, Vasile Shrestha, Pravi Styles, Richard Randazzo, Giovanni Sas, Marc Silambarasan, Krishnan Suanez, Serge Rangger, Helmut Sato, Daisaku Silva Gomes, Raimunda K. Suastika, Ketut Raykov, Violin Sava, Daciana Silva, Ana Nobre Subrath-Ali, Carol Reid, Sergey Savoya, Veronica Silva, Juliana Suh, Kyung-duck Ren, Hai Scarponi, Daniele Silva, Rodolfo Suh, SeungWon Renato, Paulo Schedel, Angela Simeone, Simone Sundar, Vallam Resio, Don Scheffers, Anja Maria Simpson, David Sundaramanickam, Arumugam Restrepo, Juan C. Schembri, Patrick Sinclair, Alex Sutherland, Michael Ribeiro Ferreira, Jose Carlos Schiller, Rafael Slattery, Michael Patrick Suursaar, Ülo Richards, Russell Schmid, Keil Slaymaker, David Swanson, Larry Riksen, Michel Schwab, William Slim, Pieter Swanson, Robert Lawrence Ritphring, Sompratana Schwartz, Maurice Slinger, Jill Switzer, Adam Ritter, Erich Schwarzer, Klaus Smith, Alan Szefler, Kazimierz Ro, Young Jae Scott, Timothy Smith, Ernest Szeglin, Arthur Roberts, H.H. Sealey, Kathleen Soerensen, Per Tajul Baharuddin, Mohamad Faizal Robertson, John Seidle, Peter Solari, Sebastian Bin Robertson, William Sembiring, Leo Sommerfield, Christopher Takewaka, Satoshi Rogers, Kerrylee Semeniuk, Vic Song, Zhiyao Talke, Stefan Romeu, Marco Senechal, Nadia Souza Filho, Jose R. Tanski, J. Rosen, Peter S. Serra-Raventos, Jordi Souza, Alejandro Tatui, Florin

206 Just CERFing Vol. 8, Issue 9, September 2017 Continued on Next Page 207 Back Table of Contents Next CERF Members Taylor, Eleonor van Keulen, Mike Wells, John Zaitsev, Yuvenaly Tebbens, Sarah F. van Wellen, Erik Wetzelhuetter, Chris Zalewski, Tomasz Terchunian, Aram V. Varnell, Lyle Weymer, Bradley Zavala-Hidalgo, Jorge Terefenko, Pawel Vaz, Nuno White, John Leslie Zhan, Jie-min Tereshchenko, Nataliya Vella, Godfrey Widmer, Walter Zhang, Keqi Thibault, Charles Henry Venekey, Virag Williams, Allan Thomas Zhang, Peidong Thieler, E. Robert Verville, Jean-François Williams, Harry Zhang, Wei Thorner, Jaqueline Vespremeanu-Stroe, Alfred Windom, Herb Zhang, Xin Thorpe, Antony Vicinanza, Diego Wolters, Michel Zhang, Xueqing Thys, Alexandre Villagran, Mauricio Woodroffe, C.D. Zhang, Zhihong Tiganov, George Vilumaa, Kadri Woodworth, Philip Zhao, Zhongwei Tomás, Luís Miguel Vizireanu, I. Woolard, Liza Zhu, Jianrong Tomlinson, Rodger Vollmer, Heather Wootton, Louise Tong, Chuan Walker, Cameron Wright, Eric Tõnisson, Hannes Walker, Ian J. Wright, Ian Torio, Dante Walker, Simon Wu, Jia-Ping Trembanis, Arthur Wallace, Davin Wu, Weiming Tseng, Yung Walter, Scott Wynja, Valerie Tsujimoto, Gozo Walther, Michael Xharde, Regis Tuan, Do Anh Wang, Fu Xie, Zhenglei Tuominen, Jyrki Wang, Jian-hua Xu, Chunyang Turner, Eugene R. Wang, Jieyong Xu, Yan Turpie, Kevin Wang, Ke Yang, Qingxuan Twilley, Robert R. Wang, Ping Yao, Yu Twomey, Niall Wang, Ya Ping Ye, Ming Uba, Felix Wang, Ying Yokoyama, Katsuhide Unc, Octavian Dumitru Wang, Zongming Yoshida, Jun Underwood, Steve Ward, Larry Young, Donald Vacchi, Matteo Warren, Richard E. Young, Robert S. van der Meulen, Frank Waters, Jeffrey P. Yu, Guo van der Valk, L. Watson, Phil Yu, Tai-Yi van Dijk, Deanna Webb, Bret Maxwell Yurakhno, Violetta van Dongeren, Albertus Weir, Adam Zaharin Aris, Ahmad van Heteren, Sytze Weishar, Lee Zahid, Ahmed

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JCR External Peer Reviewers 2016

The external peer reviewers of the Journal of Coastal Research (JCR) have generously donated their time to conduct the review process, which includes the thorough evaluation of manuscripts by providing comments and recommendations to the Editor-in-Chief concerning the ultimate disposition of submitted material. Because we frequently receive reviews from specialists outside of our own Editorial Board, we acknowledge with thanks the following reviewers who have vet- ted papers submitted to the JCR. Their interest and cooperation are much appreciated.

Acharyulu, P.S.N., Andhra University College of Science and Technology, India Buenﬁl-Lopez, Luis Antonio, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico Albrecht, Frauke, Universidad de Concepcion, Chile Burks, Romi, Southwestern University, United States Alfredini, Paolo, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil Byun, Chaeho, Seoul National University, Korea, Republic Of Alkire, Abby Lynn, University of South Carolina, United States Camara, Ellen Martins, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Alonso, Guadalupe, Servicio de HidrografÍa Naval, Argentina Cambazoglu, Kemal, University of Southern Mississippi, United States Alvarez, R., IMPA, Brazil Cao, Haijin, Hohai University, China Alvarez-Silva, Oscar, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Colombia Cappietti, Lorenzo, University of Florence, Italy Alves-Martins, Maria Virginia, Universidade de Aveiro, Portugal Carić, Hrvoje, Institute for Tourism, Croatia Amos, Carl Leonetto, University of Southampton, United Kingdom Anthony, Carson, Mike T., Australian National University, Australia Edward J., Universite du Littoral Cote d’Opale, France Castedo Ruiz, Ricardo, School of Mines (UPM), Spain Antunes do Carmo, José Simaõ, IMAR - University of Coimbra, Portugal Castillo, Jesus M., University of Seville, Spain Appendini, Christian Mario, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, Mexico Cavalcante, Geórgenes Hilário, Federal University of Alagoas, Brazil Aquino da Silva, Andre Giskard, Christian Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Germany Chakraborty, Susanta Kumar, Vidyasagr University, India Aragonés, Luis, University of Alicante, Spain Chang, Chih-Hua, Ling Tung University, Taiwan Araújo, Maria Assunção, University of Oporto, Portugal Chen, Qingqiang, East China Normal University, China Baker, Robert G.V., University of New England, Australia Chen, Shenliang, East China Normal University, China Balzano, Andrea, University of Cagliari, Italy Chen, Wei-Bo, National Center for Science and Technology for Disaster Reduction, Taiwan Bao, Xingxian, China University of Petroleum, China Chen, Guan-Yu, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Taiwan, Province Of China Bao, Kunshan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Chen, Jianyu, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, China Barbieri, Edison, Instituto de Pesca, Brazil Chen, Guang Cheng, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, China Barbirato, Juliano, Universidade Vila Velha, Brazil Chen, Lifen, University of Bath, United Kingdom Barboza, Eduardo, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Chen, Luzhen, Xiamen University, China Barkovskii, Andrei L., Georgia College and State University, United States Cheng, Hong, Beijing Normal University, China Barreiros, João Pedro, Universidade dos Açores, Portugal Cheng, Yongcun, Center for Coastal Physical Oceanography, United States Bauer, Bernard, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Canada Cheng, Jun, University of South Florida, United States Bautista, Eric, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico Cho, Hong-Yeon, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Korea, Republic Of Benedet, Lindino, CB&I, United States Choi, Kwang Hee, National Institute of Environmental Research, Korea, Republic Of Bera, Goutam, Vidyasagar University, India Choi, Byung Ho, Sungkyunkwan Univeristy, Korea, Republic Of Bernier, Julie, U.S. Geological Survey, United States Chu, Ted, University of Houston, United States Berry, Ashton James, University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia Chun, Insik, Konkuk University, Korea, Republic Of Birch, Gavin, Sydney University, Australia Chun, Hwusub, Samsung Electronics, Korea, Republic Of Borrelli, Mark, Provincetown Center for Coastal Studies, United States Coca Dominguez, Oswaldo, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, Colombia Broussard, Whitney, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, United States Cowles, Geoffrey W., University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, United States Brown, Alyson, McMaster University, Canada Dai, Peng, Coastal and Ocean Engineering, China Browne, Nicola, James Cook University, Australia Dai, Zhijun, East China Normal University, China Bruno, Regina Lucia Machado, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Dargahi, Bijan, The Royal Insitute of Technology, Sweden

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Dauner, Ana Lúcia, Universidade Federal do Paranã, Brazil Gao, Li, Gannett Fleming, Inc, United States de Lange, Willem Pieter, University of Waikato, New Zealand Gao, Shu, Nanjing University, China Defeo, Omar, Facultad de Ciencias, Uruguay Garcia-Ayllon, Salvador, Universidad Politecnica de Cartagena, Spain den Bieman, Joost, Deltares, Netherlands Gares, Paul Andre , East Carolina University, United States Dentale, Fabio, MEDUS - Maritime Engineering Division University of Salerno, Italy Geiger, Stephen, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, United States DeYoe, Hudson R., University of Texas Pan American, United States Genc, Levent, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey Di Martino, Vincenzo, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche / National Research Counsil, Italy Georgiou, Ioannis, University of New Orleans, United States Díez-Minguito, Manuel, University of Granada, Spain Gevaña, Dixon, College of Forestry and Natural Resources, Philippines Donoghue, Joseph F., University of Central Florida, United States Gomes, Moab Praxedes, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil Dragani, Walter César, Servicio de Hidrografía Naval, Argentina Gómez, Juan-Felipe, Wilfrid Laurier University, Canada Dusek, Gregory, NOAA NOS, United States Gómez-Pujol, Lluís, Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Spain Edwards, William, Niagara University, United States Gong, Zheng, Hohai University, China Ellis, Jean Taylor, University of South Carolina, United States Gontz, Allen M., San Diego State University, United States Elwany, Hany, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, United States Gonzalez, Sergio Agustin, Universidad Catolica del Norte, Chile Epps, Jonathan, University of Houston, United States Gorokhovich, Yuri, Lehman College, CUNY, United States Ergul, Halim Aytekin, Kocaeli University, Turkey Gracia, Francisco Javier, University of Cadiz, Spain Escobar Sierra, Carlos Alejandro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Griggs, Gary B., UC Santa Cruz, United States Esteban, M. Dolores, UPM, Spain Grilliot, Michael, University of Victoria, Canada Estep, Leland, NASA SSC/CSC, United States Grizzle, Raymond, University of New Hampshire, United States Esteves, Luciana Slomp, London Metropolitan University, United Kingdom Guerra-Santos, Jesús Jaime, Universidad Autónoma del Carmen, Mexico Eulie, Devon, University of North Carolina Wilmington, United States Guerrero-Galvan, Saul Rogelio, Universidad de Guadalajara, Mexico Ezell, John, University of Florida, United States Guillou, Nicolas, CETMEF, France Fan, Chunlei, Morgan State University, United States Guo, Wenyun, East China Normal University, China Farris, Monica T., University of New Orleans, United States Guo, Chunyu, Harbin Engineering University, China Faulkes, Zen, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, United States Gutierres, Francisco Reis, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal Feher, Laura C., US Geological Survey, United States Hall, Jim, Newcastle University, United Kingdom Feng, Xingru, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Haluska, James, Old Dominion University, United States Fenster, Michael S., Randolph-Macon College, United States Hansen, Jens Morten, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Denmark Fernàndez-Severini, Melisa, Instituto Argentino de Oceanograﬁa, Argentina Hardaway, Caswell Scott, Virginia institute of Marine Science, United States Ferreira, Vagner Gon¸calves, Hohai University, China Hayford, Hilary, University of Washington, United States Ferreira, Oscar, Universidade do Algarve, Portugal He, Rui, Hohai University, China Filipot, Jean Francois, France Energies Marines, France He, Qiqi, Zhejiang University, China Filippo, Alessandro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Henderson, Gina R., U.S. Naval Academy, United States Fisher, Lou, Marine Science Consultations LLC, United States Hendy, Dina Maher, Institute of graduate studies and reserach, Egypt FitzGerald, Duncan M., Boston University, United States Hequette, Arnaud, Universit´e du Littoral, France Flaherty-Walia, Kerry E., Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, United States Herdman, Liv, US Geological Survey, United States Flampouris, Stylianos, University of Southern Mississippi, United States Hill, David, Oregon State University, United States Flannery, Jennifer A., United States Geological Survey, United States Hobbs, III, Carl H., Virginia Institute of Marine Science, United States Flemming, Burghard, Senckenber Institute, Germany Holman, Rob, Oregon State University, United States Flores, Manuel de Jesus, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil Horsch, Georgios Marios, University of Patras, Greece Fontes, Roberto Fioravanti, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brazil Houston, James R., USACE, Engineer Research and Development Center, United States Foster, Greg, Coastal and Marine Ecology Consultants, United States Hsiao, Shih-Chun, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan Franca, Marlon, Federal Institute of Para, Brazil Hsu, Li-Chih, University of Kentucky, United States Frey, Ashley, USACE, Engineer Research and Development Center, United States Hu, Xiaozhou, Central South University, China Furmanczyk, Kazimierz Konrad, University of Szczecin, Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Poland Hu, Kelin, Louisiana State University, United States Gallagher, John Barry, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia Hu, Zhanming, Nationa Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, SOA, China Gallop, Shari, Macquarie University Faculty of Science, Australia Huang, Wenrui, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, United States Gao, Bingbo, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Huang, Wei Po, National Taiwan Ocean University, Taiwan

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Huang, Xiao, University of California Irvine, United States Liu, Feng, Sun Yat-Sen University, China Huang, Zhenhua, University of Hawaii at Manoa, United States Liu, Changgen, Tianjin University, China Hunt, Melody, South carolina Sea Grant Consortium, United States Lloyd, Jane Rebecca, University of Gloucestershire, United Kingdom Imeson, Anton Charles, Foundation 3D Environmental Change, Netherlands Loftis, Jon Derek, VA Institute of Marine Science, United States Isla, Federico I., Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Argentina Loh, Pei Sun, Zhejiang University, China Jeng, Dong-Sheng, Grifﬁth University, Australia Lohrasbi, Alireza, Tehran University, Iran (Islamic Republic Of) Jia, Mingming, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Loureiro, Daniel Dias, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brazil Jian, Shuguang, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Loveson, Victor Joseph, Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, India Jiang, Mei, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Lu, Qingshui, CAS, China Jingtao, Liu, Binzhou University, China Luo, Min, Fujian Noraml University, China Johnson, Markes E., Williams College, United States Ma, Lin Cheng, Northeast Forestry University, China Jorat, M. Ehsan, Newcastle University, United Kingdom Machado de Souza, Mihael, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil Junjun, Li, Shanghai Maritime University, China Magar, Vanesa, University of Plymouth, United Kingdom Kelletat, Dieter Hanns, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany Maio, Christopher Vincent, University of Alaska Fairbanks, United States Keshtpoor, Mohammad, Michael Baker International, United States Makowski, Chris, Coastal Education & Research Foundation, United States Kettle, Nathan Paul, Alaska Center for Climate Change Assessment and Policy, United States Mallinson, David J., East Carolina University, United States Kidd, Ian, University of Tasmania, Australia Malvarez, Gonzalo C., Universidad de Sevilla, UPO, Spain Kim, Kyeong Ok, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Korea, Republic Of Mann, Thomas, Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology (ZMT) GmbH, Germany Knudby, Anders, Simon Fraser University, Canada Manzano-Sarabia, Marlenne, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Mexico Kobayashi, N., University of Delaware, United States Marrack, Lisa Case, UC Berkeley, United States Koftis, Theoharris, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece Marshburn, Ernest Guy, East Carolina University, United States Kolerski, Tomasz, Gdansk University of Technology, Poland Masciadri, Silvana, Universidade Federal Rio Grande Do Norte, Brazil Kolker, Alexander Samuel, Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium, United States Mastronuzzi, Giuseppe, Universita degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Italy Kong, Jun, Hohai University, China Mathara Arachchi, Samanmali, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka Koutandos, Evangelos, Hellenic Center for Marine Research, Greece Mattheus, Christopher Robin, Youngstown State University, United States Kowalski, Joseph Lawrence, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, United States McIlvenny, Jason, North Highland College, United Kingdom Kress, Michael E., College of Staten Island, CUNY, United States McLaren, Patrick, SedTrend Analysis Limited, Canada Kruel, Stephanie, VHB, United States Mendes Silveira, Tanya, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Portugal Krvavica, Nino, University of Rijeka, Croatia Mendez, Federico, National University of Mexico, Mexico LaBarbiera, Carolyn Marie, Duke University, United States Meyers, Steven D., University of South Florida College of Marine Science, United States Lai, Jia Yen, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan Mofﬁtt, David, University of New England, Australia Lakhan, V. Chris, University of Windsor, Canada Monteiro, Sury de Moura, Universidade Federal do Para, Brazil Leadon, Mark Edward, Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority, United States Morang, Andrew, Engineer Research and Development Center, United States Lee, Wei Koon, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Moskalski, Susanne, Stockton University, United States Lees, Dennis Cody, Littoral Ecological & Environmental Services, United States Nadal-Caraballo, Norberto C., US Army Corps of Engineers, United States Legare, Bryan, Provincetown Center for Coastal Studies, United States Naess, Arvid, NTNU, Norway Lemke, Natalia, FURG, Brazil Naidu, Velamala Simhadri, National Institute of Oceanography, India Levy, Joshua, University of Hawaii at Manoa, United States Nakaza, Eizo, Ryukyus University, Japan Li, Xiaoping, East China Normal University, China Nayak, M.R., National Institute of Oceanography, India Liang, Bingchen, Ocean University of China, China Nelson, Allan, Tarleton State University, United States Liang, Shuxiu, State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, China Nguyen, Phong Tan, James Cook University, Australia Liang, Shin-Jye, The National Taiwan Ocean University, Taiwan Niu, Lixia, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands Liao, Chencong, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China Nixon, Zachary, Research Planning, Inc., United States Lim, Hwee-San, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia Nolan, Casey, East Carolina University, United States Lindhorst, Sebastian, University of Hamburg, Germany Nunn, Patrick D., University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia List, Jeffrey H., US Geological Survey, United States Nunnally, Clifton Charles, University of Hawaii at Manoa, United States Little, David Irving, David. I. Little (MA. PhD) Limited, United Kingdom Oakley, Adrienne Jean, Kutztown University, United States Liu, Wen-Cheng, National United University, Taiwan, Province Of China Ocaña Borrego, Frank Alberto, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Mexico

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Ojeda, Elena, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Instituto de Ingenieria, Mexico Scanu, Sergio, Tuscia University, Italy Olmedo-Cobo, José Antonio, Universidad de Granada, Spain Scarponi, Daniele, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Italy Ortega-Sánchez, Miguel, University of Granada, Spain Schuerch, Mark, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom Ortiz-Burgos, Selene, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional, Mexico Schultz, Martin T., US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, United States Osborne, Phil, Golder Associates, United States Schwab, William C., U.S. Geological Survey, United States Paine, Jeffrey G., The University of Texas at Austin, United States Scotti Fontoura, Jose Antonio, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Brazil Paiva, Mariele Lopes, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Brazil Sealey, Kathleen Sullivan, University of Miami, United States Pan, Yi, Hohai University, China Shanzhong, Qi, Shandong Normal University, China Pantoja, Diego Armando, Universidad de Guadalajara, Mexico Shao, Wanyun, Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority, United States Papiol, Vanesa, Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico Shen, Yaqi, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China Park, Jae Hyun, Gyeongsang National University, Korea, Republic Of Shih, Ruey Syan, Tungnan University, Taiwan Park, Young Hyun, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Korea, Republic Of Short, Andrew D., University of Sydney, Australia Patsch, Kiki, California State University Channel Islands, United States Slabbert, Elmarie, North-West University, South Africa Pavan Piccoli, Fabio, Universidade Federal do Esp´ırito Santo, Brazil Smith, Grant Alexander, Bureau of Meteorology, Australia Pelicice, Fernando Mayer, UFT, Brazil Smith, Jordan W., Utah State University, United States Pérez-Castañeda, Roberto, Universidad Autonoma de Tamaulipas, Mexico Sommerfield, Christopher, University of Delaware, United States Pierce, Aaron, Nicholls State University, United States Song, Xiaowen, Design Engineering and Automation, China Pierro, Thomas, CB&I, United States Song, Dehai, Ocean University of China, China Pinheiro, Liliana Vieira, National Laboratory for Civil Engineering, Portugal Spetter, Carla Vanesa, Instituto Argentino de Oceanograf´ıa, Argentina Pinho, José, Universidade do Minho, Portugal Spieler, Richard, Nova Southeastern University, United States Postacchini, Matteo, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Italy Srinivas, Reji, National Centre for Earth Science Studies, India Pranzini, Enzo, University of Florence, Italy Stanley, Jean-Daniel, Smithsonian Institution, United States Pratolongo, Paula, CONICET, Argentina Stein, III, William, University of New Orleans, United States Psuty, Norbert, Rutgers University, United States Stubbs, Quentin, University of Maryland at College Park, United States Qi, Zhitao, Yancheng Institute of Technology, China Styles, Richard, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, United States Quan, Steven, California State University, Monterey Bay, United States Süme, Veli, Faculty of Engineering, Turkey Quanzhou, Gao, Sun Yat-Sen University, China Sun, Zhaochen, Dalian University of Technology, China Ramasamy, Manivanan, Central Water and Power Research Station, India Taborda, Rui P.M., University of Lisbon, Portugal Ramsey, III, Elijah, U.S. Geological Survey, United States Teodoro, Ana Cláudia, Faculty of Science University of Porto, Portugal Rangel-Buitrago, Nelson Guillermo, Universidad del Atlantico, Colombia Thaman, Baravi Stewart Helu, Universidad de Cadiz, Spain Reale, Ferdinando, University of Salerno, Italy Thieler, E. Robert, Coastal and Marine Geology Program, United States Rehitha, T.V., CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, India Tobias, Vanessa Danielle, University of California Davis, United States Reyes-Mendoza, Oscar F., Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Tsai, Chia-Cheng, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Taiwan Politecnico Nacional, Mexico Ullmann, Albin, Centre de Recherches de Climatologie, France Ribeiro, Rannyele, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Uzaki, Ken-ichi, Gunma University, Japan Richards, Russell, Griffith University, Australia Vale, Claudia Câmara, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Brazil Roberts Briggs, Tiffany, Florida Atlantic University, United States Wadey, Matthew, University of Southampton, United Kingdom Rosa Santos, Paulo, Universidade Lusofona do Porto Faculdade de Ciencias Naturais Walker, Ian James, Arizona State University, United States Engenharias e Tecnologias, Portugal Walker, Simon James, The University of Queensland, Australia Rusenko, Kirt, Gumbo Limbo Nature Center, United States Wallace, Davin J., Rice University, United States Safak, Ilgar, United States Geological Survey, United States Walton, Todd, Florida State University, United States Salas de Leon, David Alberto, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico Wang, Lei, Louisiana State University, United States Samaras, Achilleas G., University of Bologna, Italy Wang, Taiping, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, United States Santana, Rafael, Instituto de Física da Terra e do Meio Ambiente, Brazil Wang, Yan, State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, China Santoro, Pablo Esteban, Universidad de la República, Uruguay Wang, Hu, Tianjin University, China Santos, Carlota, Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies, United States Wang, Hongqing, US Geological Survey, United States Saponieri, Alessandra, Politecnico di Bari, Italy Watson, Elizabeth Burke, CICESE, Mexico Savidge, William, University of Georgia, United States Watson, Phil John, University of New South Wales, Australia

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Webb, Bret M., University of South Alabama, United States Yates, Marissa, CETMEF, France Weymer, Bradley Allen, Texas A&M University, United States Yaukey, Peter, University of New Orleans, United States Williams, Amy M., Texas A&M University, United States Ye, Jianhong, China Academy of Sciences, China Woodroffe, Colin, University of Wollongong, Australia Yin, Bao-Shu, China Academy of Sciences, China Wright, Eric, Coastal Carolina University, United States Yip, Tsz Leung, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Wright, L. Donelson, Southeastern Universities Research Association, United States Young, Donald R., Virginia Commonwealth University, United States Wu, Qiusheng, Binghamton University, United States Young, Robert S., Western Carolina University, United States Wu, Hui, East China Normal University, China Yu, Jitao, Henan Polytechnic University, China Wu, Yun-Ta, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan Yu, Guoliang, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China Wu, Wei, The University of Southern Mississippi, United States Yuan, Saiyu, Hohai University, China Xia, Meng, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, United States Zhang, Yi, Altair Engineering, Inc., United States Xie, Zhenglei, Jiangxi Normal University, China Zhao, Bin, Fudan University, China Xie, Lingling, Key Laboratory of Climate, Resources, and Environment in Continental Shelf Sea and Deep Sea, China Zheng, Chong-Wei, People’s Liberation Army University of Science & Technology, China Xie, Mingxiao, Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering, China Zhong, Xiaojing, East China Normal University, China Xu, Qing, Hohai University, China Zhou, Lilan, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands Xu, Guoji, Louisiana State University, United States Yang, Xiufeng, Chevron Energy Tech Company, United States The following list includes JCR external reviewers that did not enter an affiliation into our peer review da- tabase. We strongly encourage all JCR external reviewers to log into their account and fill in all professional affiliation information.

Andrews, Jeff, United States Dai, Heng, United States Goslin, Jerome, Denmark Larocca, Michele, Italy Arbogast, Alan, United States Dai, Xiaoqin, China Gray, Andrew, United States Le Bars, Dewi, Netherlands Asami, Ryuji, Japan Day, Richard, United States Guo, Zhen, China Lee, Seung-Joon, Korea, Republic Of Beasley, Colin, Brazil Del-Monte, Pablo, Mexico Hallett, Chris, Australia Lewis III, Roy R. Robin, United States Bergamaski, Brian, United States DeLong, Kristine, United States Hernández-Becerril, David U., Mexico Liu, Run, China Bertin, Xavier, France Di Mascio, Andrea, Italy Hernandez-Miranda, Eduardo, Chile Maqueo, Octavio Perez, Mexico Bidwell, Joseph, United States Diaz, Gabriel, Spain Highﬁeld, Wesley E., United States Mason, Travis, United Kingdom Bingham, Brian L., United States Dietze, Elisabeth, Germany Hoellein, Timothy, United States Mason, Sherri, United States Black, Kevin, Canada Doerffer, Roland, Germany Jin, Di, United States Maxwell, Justin, United States Bolton, Natalie, Australia Douhovnikoff, V., United States Jose, Felix, United States Maygarden, Dinah, United States Boss, Emmanuel, United States Dubas, Aleksander J., United Kingdom Jung, Tae Hwa, Korea, Republic Of McGaw, Iain, Canada Brocchin, M., Italy Eamer, Jordan, Canada Kerpen, Nils B., Germany Mendes, Isabel, Portugal Brooks, Sue, United Kingdom Earlie, Claire, France Kim, Hyoseob, Korea, Republic Of Meyer-Arendt, Klaus, United States Carranza, Alvar, Uruguay Ervin, Gary, United States Kinsman, Nicole, United States Moller, Osmar, Brazil Casas Prat, Merce, Canada Fanelli, Emanuela, Italy Kirby, Jim, United States Morris, Roger, United States Chau, K.W., Hong Kong Fang, Jiayi, United Kingdom Klinck, John M., United States Morrison, Wendy, United States Cherry, Julia A., United States Figueroa Espinoza, Bernardo, Mexico Knapp, Paul, United States Moser, Gleyci, Brazil Corcoran, Patricia, Canada Fitt, Bill, United States Knight, Sandra, United States Muller-Karger, Frank, United States Cornell, Sean, United States Florea, Lee, United States Kosmynin, Vladimir, United States Navas, Fatima, Spain Correa, Ivan, Colombia Freedman, Janet, United States Kunkel, Joseph G., United States Needham, Hal, United States Costanza, Robert, Australia Fujita, Kazuhiko, Japan Kuznetsov, Sergey, Russian Federation Nelson, Cliff, United Kingdom Couvillion, Brady R., United States Galvan, Felipe, Mexico Kyung Ha, Ho, Korea, Republic Of Ning, De-Zhi, China Cox, Dan, United States Ge, Zhenming, China Lane, Chad S., United States O’Brien, Allyson L., Australia Cui, Jie, China Giebels, Diana, Netherlands LaPeyre, Megan, United States Olabarrieta, Maitane, United States

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Palacio, Edwin, Spain Semeniuk, Vic, Australia van der Meulen, Frank, Netherlands Ware, Carolyn, United States Pasanisi, Francesco, Italy Silva, Rodolfo, Mexico van der Werf, Jebbe, Netherlands Warrick, Richard, New Zealand Patterson, William, Canada Small, Daniel P., Canada van Heteren, Sytze, Netherlands Whitﬁeld, Alan Kenneth, South Africa Pau Sierra, Joan, United States Snow, Eleanour, United States Vasquez Botello, Alfonso, Mexico Yang, Chenjun, China Pilarczyk, Jessica E., United States Spencer, Tom, United Kingdom Vermeiren, Peter, Switzerland Yi, Hu, China Pokrovsky, Oleg, France Stauch, Georg, Germany Virnstein, Robert, United States Zhang, Y. Joseph, United States Quirk, Tracy, United States Stuardo, José, Chile Vollmer, Heather, United States Zhang, Liquan, China Raynie, Richard C., United States Sutherland, Terri F., Canada Wahl, Thomas, United Kingdom Zhou, Zheyu, United States Rivera-Monroy, Victor H., United States Szantoi, Zoltan, Belgium Wang, Yi, United States Zinnert, Julie, United States Santamaria, Sara, Germany Taborda, Rui, Portugal Wang, Jinting, China Santangelo, Jayme, Brazil Tajima, Y., Japan Wang, Dingbao, United States Scheffers, Anja, Australia Thomsen, Helge A., Denmark Wang, Weiguang, China Schwarzer, Klaus, Germany Townend, Ian, United Kingdom Wang, Zheng Bing, Netherlands

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COVER PHOTOGRAPH: Jurassic Coast, Dorset, England

Jurassic Coast, Dorset, England. Durdle Door is a natural sea arch created by wave erosion in the limestone cliffs along the Dorset coast of southwest England, near West Lulworth. The arch has formed on a concordant coastline where bands of rock possessing contrasting hardness run parallel to the shore. The rocks here are of Jurassic Age, originally consisting of a band of resistant Portland limestone that has been drastically tilted upwards. With a rock strata bedding that is nearly vertical, weaker, easily eroded limestone beds are selectively coupled with stronger, much thicker bands of chalk. This geologic feature has allowed mechanical weathering through wave attack to specifically remove the weaker rock layers, creating this spectacular arch. The arch is actually on private property as part of the Lulworth Es- tate, but is currently open to the public. Around this part of the coast nearly all of the limestone has been removed by sea erosion, with the remainder forming the small headland that includes the arch. UNE- SCO teams continually monitor the condition of both the arch and adjacent beach. The name Durdle is derived from the Old English 'thirl' meaning bore or drill. (Photograph taken 30 September 2015 by Gary Griggs, University of California, Santa Cruz [UCSC], Santa Cruz, California, U.S.A.)

222 Just CERFing Vol. 8, Issue 9, September 2017 223 Back Table of Contents IN THIS ISSUE CERF Regional Vice Presidents The Coastal Education & Research Foundation [CERF] The Effect of Rock Collapse on Coastal Cliff Retreat along the Chalk Cliffs of Northern France graciously thanks you for your membership and involvement In Memoriam: Paolo Antonio Pirazzoli (1939-2017) in our international society. We hope that you have Now Available JCR Special Issue #79 enjoyed this latest edition of Just CERFing, our society’s Analysis of Variance of Flood Events on the U.S. East Coast: The Impact of Sea-Level Rise on Flood Event Severity and Frequency official newsletter. As mentioned previously, we encourage Coasts in Crisis: A Global Challenge the worldwide communication of our members through Distribution Pattern and Influencing Factors for Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) in the Just CERFing newsletter. If you have any news or Mangrove Communities at Dongzhaigang, China Coastal Wetlands: Alteration and Remediation announcements that you would like to promote, please Under the Sea: Archaeology and Palaeolandscapes of the Continental Shelf send your request or questions directly to Dr. Charles W. Coastal Research Library (CRL) Finkl at [email protected]. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series CERF continues to provide our members with the Encyclopedia of Marine Science Validating Sidescan Sonar as a Fish Survey Tool over Artificial Reefs most up-to-date, professional features of the society. We The Edge: Advanced Title Information encourage you to please visit our Foundation’s website at Stability of Seabed Sediments in the Embayments of North Rustico, Prince Edward Island, Canada http://www.cerf-jcr.org to see all the new content that has International Coastal Symposium (ICS2018) been added. GeoArch-Hazards: International Conference Announcement Combining Remote Sensing and Field Mapping Methods to Study the Vegetation Next issue of Just CERFing Dynamics within a Coastal Wetland and Determine the Habitat Effects of a Threatened Bird Species (Emberiza schoeniclus witherbyi) coming October 2017. CERF Website Membership Options Publish Your Photos CERF Board of Directors JCR Editorial Board CERF Lifetime Members CERF Patron Members New CERF Members Current CERF Members JCR External Reviewers 2016 JCR Current Issue, Cover Photo 224 Just CERFing Vol. 8, Issue 9, September 2017 225