Khandesh and Its Neighbours: Political Relations Down to 1526 AD
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Research Papers the r e ality of re lation. 'Without 4. Ibid., p. 186. 14. Wild, J. (1 869) , The Radical Empiricism the m', J Smith writes, 'exp erie nce 5. Ibid., p. 187. of William James, New Yo rk: Doubleday 6. Ibid. and Company, p . 368. re mains a ba re tha t not ' taken' a t all 7. Ibid., p.188. 15. J ames, William (1924), Some Problems of but left me rely as an undifferentiated 8. Ibid., p.127. Philosoj1hy, New York: Longmans, Green wh o le o f feeling . 'T aking' m eans 9. Bernstein, R. J. (ed.) ( 1971) , Essays in andCo., p. 15 1. " rela ting an ite m o f pure experien ce Radica l EmfJiricism and a Plu ralistic 16. McDermou, J. J. , op.cit.,pp. 184-1 8:>. to its associates a nd d escribing it in UnivP.rse, New York: Duuon and Co. Inc., 17. Ibid., p. 172. p. 11 3. 18. Aye r , A. J. ( 1968), The Origins of 20 terms of 'wha ts' or conten ts ... ' 10. Mc Dermou, J. J. , op.cit. , p. 272. Pragmatism, Ca liforn ia: Free m a n . 11 . Cf. Ibid., p . xxxix ( McDe rmo u ' s Cooper and Company, p. 282. Introduction) 19. Pe rry, R.B. (1 936) , The Thought and NOTES 12. Husser !, E. ( 1960) Carte sian Cha·racter of WilliamJames, 2 vols, Boston: 1. Mc De r m ott, J. J. (ed .) (1 969) , The Meditations, tr., D. Cairns, T he Hague: Little Brown and Company, p. 384. Wn:tings of William J ames, New Yo rk: Martinus Nijhoff, p. 144. 20. Smit h , J. "Ra dical Empiricism," Random House, p. 170. l3. Wi lshire , B. (ed .) (1971 ), WilliamJ mnes: A1istotelian So ciety Pmceedings, 65 ( 1964- 2. Ibid., p.215. The Essen tia.l Writings, New York: Harper 65). 211. 3. Ibid. p . xxxix (Mc Dc rmo LL ' s and Row Publishers, p. xix (Wilsh ire's In troductio n) Introd uc l.i on). Khandesh and its Neighbours: Political Relations down to 1526 AD M. SIRAJ ANWAI~ I und e r h is control by 1399 AD. It KhaU i's ti m e. His father's na m e is seems that .Py this ti me Ma lik Nasir given as Khan-i-Jahan Faruqi. O n e In 1398-99 AD, Taimu r's invasio n had Faruqi's position vis-a-vis Asa Ah ir migh t guess that this p erson could totally s h a tte r e d the Tug hla q ( th e lo cal c hie f o r th e te rritory have been the d escendant o f on e of e mpire. The collapse o r th e Tugh laq aro ui1d Asirgarh ) was a lready that of th e n o bles o f Kha lji o r T u ghla q e m pi•·e gave an o ppo rtullity to the a s upe r io r c h ie f'. Accor di n g to p erio d , e n joying the title K.h a n-i provin c ia l g over n o rs o r Ma lwa , Ferishta , Asa Ahir had submitted to J ah an.'' O n'e such oerson was Malik Gujarat and Khandesh to assert their Nasir 's fa the r Ma lik Raja .3 The Maqbul, wht.. was e n titled Khan-i inde pende n ce. Am o ng the Tugh laq territories ofThaln e r and Karo n d as J a han by Muhammad b in Tughlaq at gover n ors, se cond to asse rt inde 'iqta were con re rre cl on Malik R~ja by the time of his appoin tmen t as th e pe nde nce was Mali k Nasir Faruqi, 1 Firoz Tughlaq in 1370-71 AD .· Waz.iTof Gujarat in 1324-25 AD.'i After the son o r Malik Raj a Ahmad Faruqi, Regarding the early life and career the d eath o f Kha n-i-Jahan his son who d e cla re d himse·lf a n of Mali k Raj a Ahmad Far u qi, the Malik Raj a Ahmad, for som e ti me, 1 independe nt ruler in 1400 AD. H is fo unde r of the Faruqi d yn asty o f could n o t find a suitable means or r ealm a t th is tim e a p par e ntly Kha nde s h , vario u s stor ies are livelihood , and eventually he entered comprised the te rritories of Thalner 2 recorded by the histo1·ians. Accord Firoz Tughlaq's central an~)' as a a 11 cl Karond, h is o rigin al iqta, as well ing to Fe r is h ta, Ma li k Raj a's pnvate. horseman. After someume he as othe r pan s of K.h andesh that he •t'-111_;_K]las of the Sultan ancestors were in the service of the b ccan1e a Gl~. "' . m ight have succeeded in b1·inging Sulta ns o r De lh i since Alauddin to accompany hun on h1s an dbegan . 7 hunting expediUons. • St•nio 1 Lecturer (Histo ry). Regiona l Institute of Educati on . NCERT . Bho pal. SUMMERHILl.: liAS REVIEW + 2;, + VOl Xl.!'lo. 1. 2011!> Research Paprrrs Haji-ud-Dabir's evidence regard On taking over the charge of the firm control over the territory given ing an teced e nts of Malik Raja's territory of his iqta in 1370-71 AD, under his charge. During this time father is at variance from those given Malik Raja reduced Bhatji, Raja of he seems to have functioned in by Ferishta. According to him, Malik Baglana, 12 compelling him to pay an harmony with the n e ighbouring Raj a's fa ther, Khw~a J ahan, was a annual tribute and acknowledge the Tugh laq governors of Gujarat and Wazir of Alauddin Bah ma n Shah in suzerainty of the Sultan of De lhi. Malwa. H e also continued to re m it 1347-48 AD . After Khwaja J a han's Expressing his apprecia tio n of Malik tribute to th e central a uthority in death, Bahmani Sultan nominated Raja's achievement in subduing the Delhi. But towards 1382 A D, taking Malik R~ja Ahmad as his Wazir. But Raja of Baglana, Firoz Tughlaq is advantage of ineffe ctiveness of the soon differences arose between th em reported to have observed that, h e central authority, he s to pped and Malik Raja Ahmad left for Delhi fulfilled the task which was expected remitting annual tribute to Delhi, where he entered Firoz T ughlaq's to have been pe rformed by the hakim although he did not declare himself central army as an ordinary trooper. 8 of D eccan. The Sultan rewarde d independent. 19 But he, thus, seems The story of Malik Raja's enrolling Malik Raja by promoting him to the to have given an idea to bo th the as a noble of Firoz Tughlaq and his command of 3000 a nd a lso by governors ofGujarat and Malwa, who getting the iqta of Thalner and appointing h im sipahsalar of late r on declared themselves Karond is narrated by both Ferishta Khandesh. 13 independent in 1396 AD and 1401 AD as we ll as Haji-ud-Dabir. This story is The context in which Ferishta respective ly.20 Subsequently, Malik as follows: 'On one occasion while mentions Malik Raja's appointme nt Raja undertook a nothe r daring hunting in Gujarat, Firoz Tughlaq as the sipahsalarof Khandesh goes to adventure in a uacking the territories wandered far away fi om his camp suggest that at that time the territory of Sultanpur21 and Nandurbar22 in .and lay down under the shade of a of Khandesh g iven in his 1394-95 AD, which were a t th is time tree, hungry and exhausted. It was adminis trative ch arge was much included in the province of Gujarat eventuall y Malik Raja who traced larger than the territories ofThalner administered by its governo r Zafar him in wilderness bringiRg to him and Karond comp rising his iqta. Khan (later e ntitled Muzaffar Shah). food a nd cold water. Please d by Appare ntly, in additio n to Thalner This attempt was, however, frustrated Malik Raja 's efficiency and his and Karond, the Khandesh territory b y Zafar Khan without much devotion to duty, Firoz Tughlaq was also included the regions which later difficulty. 23 This episode may be prompted to ask him about his came to comprise the paraganas of treated as a starting p o int of the long background. Firoz was very pleased Adilabad, Asir, Burhanpur, Borgaon, drawn-out tussle be tween the rulers to learn that he was a son of Kh an-i Songhir e tc., mention ed in Ain-i of Khandesh and Gujarat for the Jahan, a well~known amir of early Akbari.14 Ferishta a lso reports that p ossession o f the territo ries o f years ofhts retgn, with whom he was after ta ki ng over the c h a rge of Sultanpt.:r and Nandurbar.24 well acquainted. That a man of such Khandesh, Malik Raja increased his The r ise of G ujarat as a semi background was serving as a Chulam contingent from 3000 to 12000. As in dependent kingdom and growth of i-Khas appeared shocking to Firoz.