PAYMENT DETAILS PLEASE COMPLETE IN BLOCK CAPITALS Pebbles GIFT AID Please use this form for both Adoption and Membership purchase, completing the relevant sections. With Gift Aid on every £1 you give The origin of the attractive pebbles A penguin paradise and exceptional wetland area us we can claim an extra 25p back Name ______found on the Island’s beaches is from HM Revenue & Customs. To unknown. Spectacular colours qualify, what you pay in UK Income Address ______and patterns can be found. and/or Capital Gains Tax must These pebbles are agates, silica at least equal the Gift Aid all your ______charities will reclaim in the tax year. that accumulated in the cavities left ■ YES: I would like Falklands ______behind when gas escaped from Conservation to treat all the volcanic lavas. donations I have made in the last Postcode ______Tel. ______The agates are much harder and four years, and all I will make until resistant to erosion than the lavas that Email ______I notify you otherwise, as Gift Aid allowed them to form, and so survive donations. I am a UK taxpayer and ■ Please tick this box if you would like to receive updates by email long after their host has vanished. understand that if I pay less Income There is no lava in the Islands today so Tax and/or Capital Gains Tax than PURCHASE INFORMATION the amount of Gift Aid claimed on * the pebbles must either be relics of a rock all my donations in that tax year Penguin adoption for a year – £25 / $40 ■ layer that has long since eroded away, or it is my responsibility to pay any be washed up on the northern shores of the * difference. Membership fee payable Islands from a source somewhere on the sea floor. (see overleaf for categories) ■ These attractive pebbles are now very rare due to over-collecting. Signed:______* *Please indicate £ sterling or US$ Donation ■ If you happen to find some, please leave them for others to enjoy. Date:______Please make cheques payable Total * to Falklands Conservation. ■

DATA PROTECTION ■ I wish to pay by Visa/Mastercard (please tick) To prevent the spread of invasive species and diseases, you are asked to comply with a few simple measures when travelling around the islands: make sure all of We respect your privacy. Falklands My card number is your clothing, equipment and luggage is free from soil, animal faeces, seeds, insects Conservation will not make your and rodents, and scrub your footwear before each visit to a new wildlife name and address available to other ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ organisations, and will treat your site or seabird colony. If you have any questions about biosecurity, or wish to details as confidential. If however, Expiry date ■ ■ ■ ■ report diseased wildlife, please speak to the landowners or call you would be happy to receive / the Department of Agriculture 27355 / Falklands Conservation 22247 for advice. information, about other aspects of Signature ______our work from time to time, please ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS tick the box . Cardholder’s name ______We wish to thank Debbie Summers and Ann Brown for some of the information used in this Cardholder’s address (if different from applicant) leaflet and Robert Still for the maps. Photographs all © Allan White. RETURN COMPLETED FORM TO: Published by Falklands Conservation July 2016. Designed by Eye on The Ball Ltd +44 1256 478309. Falklands Conservation, ______Registered Office: 1 Waterloo Close, Abbotsley, St Neots, Cambridgeshire PE19 6UX, UK The Gatehouse, The Lodge, Falklands Conservation is a company limited by guarantee in England and Wales No 03661322 and registered charity Sandy, Beds, SG19 2DL, UK ______No 1073859. Falklands Conservation is registered as an Overseas Company in the . Falkland Office: Jubilee Villas, Ross Road, Stanley FIQQ 1ZZ | UK Office: The Gatehouse, The Lodge, Sandy, Beds SG19 2DL ______Postcode ______Falklands Conservation works to conserve the wildlife of the Falkland Islands. To find out more about us and how you can support what we Have you considered a Standing Order? (UK BANK ACCOUNT HOLDERS ONLY) do, visit us at Jubilee Villas, Ross Road, Stanley or go to our website: This helps us keep our administration costs down. Either download the form from our website or set www.falklandsconservation.com up your own using the following details: Falklands Conservation, Barclays Bank, King George Information about other areas of outstanding wildlife and scenery, Street, Yeovil, Somerset BA20 1PX. Sort code: 20-99-40 / Account Number 90442542 can be found in A Visitor's Guide to the Falkland Islands.

You can also purchase securely online at www.falklandsconservation.com/our-shop Falklands Conservation is a UK registered charity no. 1073859 and a company limited by guarantee in England and Wales no. 03661322. @FI_Conservation www.falklandsconservation.com ✃ PENGUIN ADOPTION FORM

Pebble Island East King Penguin Adoption l Adopt a king penguin at the remote colony of PEBBLE ISLAND This is to certify that in the Falkland Islands for £25/ has adopted The eastern half of Pebble Island, with its ponds US$40 for 12 months. at Volunteer Point on , Falkland Islands, South Atlantic Ocean and lakes, is of great wildlife interest and Volunteer Point is the most accessible breeding site for king in the world. l Your adoption is protecting this important area and many other penguin colonies in the Falkland Islands. You are helping to fund research work by Falklands Conservation THE FALKLAND ISLANDS The Falkland Islands archipelago lies to improve our understanding of these beautiful birds. Help conservation efforts to protect the penguins of conservation value. Some of the wetland areas This adoption is for one year from PEBBLE ISLAND 350 km (280 miles) to the east of the South the Falklands. N American continent. It consists of two large are prone to drying out during very dry summers. l Salvador Receive a personalised adoption certificate, king Douglas D Johnsons N Station Harbour U Port Dunbar O Louis S penguin photo and penguin pin badge. D islands, East and , and more D In 2000/01 a pair of coscoroba swans Roy Cove N D Berkeley www.falklandsconservation.com Photo: Ruedi Abbühl Mt Adam A Teal Port L Long Island Sound Falklands Conservation is the charity taking action for nature in the Falkland Islands. It is a UK registered charity number: 1073859 San Carlos Registered Office: 14 East Hatley, Sandy, Bedfordshire, SG19 3JA, UK. Falklands Office: 41 Ross Road, Stanley, Falkland Islands, FIQQ 1ZZ N Howard K Inlet Crooked Inlet L N A 2297 F Murrell l A Bold Cove than 750 small islands and islets. Fern Mt Usborne A Port bred successfully in this area, the first Falkland record Receive updates from Falklands Conservation. L STANLEY Cape William Shallow Ridge Chartres L Pembroke Farm 2312 Harbour Mt Pleasant K K Bluff Cove Farm Darwin Airport Dunnose L L Fitzroy since 1860. Despite this, the coscoroba is still only Head A A Beaver Spring A Yes, I would like to Adopt a Penguin! I ■ (payment form overleaf) Island Point F F N Ch oiseul Sound O scarce in the Falklands. Pebble Island East reportedly T East Double F T Walker Creek Creek S A S Fox Bay South E West L A Cape Harbour You may wish to Adopt a Penguin as a gift or on behalf of Port Edgar E North has one of the largest concentrations of black-necked Orford W D N Arm Port Stephens U O S Hoste Inlet D N someone else, if so just let us know the details. A Speedwell L swans in the Islands – K Island L FA 1500 Cape Meredith 1000 75–100 can be seen on the ponds during the summer. ■ I would like the adoption pack to be sent to:

500 Kilometres 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 There are often sightings of rare visitors such as Checklist of breeding PLEASE WRITE IN BLOCK CAPITALS 0 Height in feet 0 10 20 30 40 above sea level Miles red shoveler and cinnamon teal. waterfowl and waders Name ______Pebble Island lies just off the north White-tufted grebe Address ______coast of West Falkland.It is the Silvery grebe ______third largest offshore island in the Black-crowned night heron archipelago at 10,622 ha (26,236 Black-necked swan ______acres). Kelp goose Postcode ______Tel. ______Upland goose Pebble Island is reached by a 45 Email ______minute flight from Stanley or 30 Ruddy-headed goose minutes from Mount Pleasant Airport Flying steamer duck Penguin Name ______with the Falkland Islands Government Falkland steamer duck Wreck Point Rock Chiloë wigeon MEMBERSHIP Air Service (FIGAS). Zodiac landings For further information: cormorants Hike Distances Ship Harbour Pond Speckled teal l can also be made from visiting cruise Pebble Island Lodge Cape Tamar 4·4 km (2·7 miles) Join Falklands Conservation and help to protect the Magellanic Crested duck ships. Falkland Islands FIQQ 1ZZ penguins spectacular wildlife of the Falkland Islands. Tamar Point circular Yellow-billed pintail Tel: +500 41093 Swan l Receive a joining pack and membership badge. Accommodation Pond 5 km (3·1 miles) Silver teal Email: [email protected] Quawk l Pond Black-necked  Receive regular updates from the Islands and In the heart of the settlement is Pebble Two-banded plover  Website: www.pebblelodge.com swans on the Magellanic      Kalinka Rexer-Huber extended her work with Falkland two magazines a year.   penguins few more months, focusing on introduced animals.   s Conservation for a ponds    Island Lodge. Originally built as the Rufous-chested dotterel s Conservation for a    In January we received word Alistairthatnd our Wilson Alistair Wilson place. entry to the RSPB Club of the Year Kalinka Rexer-Huber extended her work with Falkland   few more months, focusing on introduced animals. 2012 competition was award 2 In January we received word that our entry to the RSPB Club of the Year The 2 Lesley Nundy,6:30am. Youth  Officer of the  day for Stanley’s retailers and tourist 2012 competition was award 2 nd Youth & Education Falklands Department, Conservation openedRSPB businesses on Februaryrecord. A2011 grand was total the busiestof “I amthe delighted shop as usual to announceat 8:00am and that by Lesley Nundy, Youth Officer of the 6561 passengers ar said: the Falklandsmid-morning Group a steady are the flow runners of eager up Youth & Education Department, ndRSPB cruise shvisitors were coming through the place. With a rather dull and drizzly day, the in the competition. The judges thor- said: “I am delighted to announce that door. Farrah Peck and Margaret the Falklands Group are the runners up weather couldips have a been better, but it oughlyCarr managed enjoyed the reading shop for about the du- all the did not seem to deter the masses of tour- in the competition. The judges thor- Imperial cormorants n rationdifferent of the activities day, keeping that theit open club organ- chored in Port William. 6:30am. ists stepping off the launchesrived onto t oughly On enjoyed the 16 readingth about all the Stanley’s jetty. Some arrived as early as hrough ises Falklands –the you normal have Conservation accesslunch hoto some opened incredi- February Stanley was helping tourists to find the right differentonce activitiesagain inundated that the withclub organ-visitors. This on the three theble shop wildlife as usualand clearly at 8:00am the members and by of  clothing sizes, printing King pen- ises –time you there haveO wereaccess slightly to some fewer incredi- visitors as about currentguin adoption conservationmid-morningthe group packs projects appreciateand a steadychatting go- flowthe opportunity of eager to once againn inundated with visitors. This Magellanic oystercatcher ble wildlifethe two and large clearly cruise the vesselsmembers only of had a ing on around the learnislands. about By closing such amazing creatures andtime there werethe 16 slightly fewer visitors as I would like to become a member of visitors were coming through the that afternoon shelves were practically the group appreciate the opportunity to farm manager’s house in 1928, it diverse habitats.” She went on to say: the5551 two totallarge cruisepassenger thvessels capacity. only had aThe sun door. Farrah Peck and Margaret cleared of polo shirts,“All t-shirts, of the pinentries were of an extremelylearn5551 aboutshone total suchandpassenger theamazing windcapacity. February creatureswas The minimal,Stanley sun and was mak- ■ Animals introduced to islands around Carr managed the shop for the du- badges and artwork. Gross sales for the diverseshoneing habitats.”and it the a gloriouswind She was went minimal,Falklands on tomak- say:summer day. the world impact on a large range of 2 nd rationhigh of standard the day, and keeping choosing it opena winnering it a glorious Falklands summ  February were £889.74, a brilliant ur, “All of Thethe entriesFC shop were was of again an extremely visited by many. species. In UK Overseas Territory is- take for the usually ratherthrough quietwas Falk- verythe difficult.normal Butlunch in thehour, endThe the FC shop was again visited by many. high standardThe total and takings choosing for a thewinner 16 th Betts lands (UKOTs), introduced vertebrateslands Con helpingwinners tourists were to Macclesfield find the right RSPBThe total Wild- takings for the 16 February  information to fill gaps: which islands werewas £777.42. verywere difficult. On £777.42.both But days in Onthe endnewboth the days the new are one of the biggest threats to biodi-Stanley’s front road is taken over bylife Explorers.” have introducedclothing species (non-farmedsizes, printing Kingcardnet pen-winners facility were proved Macclesfield its worth, withRSPB Wild- pedestrians (right),se and cardnet facility proved its worth, with versity. As interest innd island restoration rvation shop. guin adoption packs and manchattinglife Explorers.” Southern The 2 February 2011formed was in the t busiestintroduced vertebrates) and how many many visitors exclaiming their pleasant

grows, the need to balance biodiversity are there? Whenabout andcurrent how conservationmany were projectssurp y go-visitors exclaiming their pleasant Black-crowned gers Green day for Stanley’s retailers and tourist surprise at being able to use their charge gains against costs and risks is becoming ing on around the islands. Bycards. closing rise at being able to use their charge A Magellanic penguin with a stainless businesses informationon record.to their toAwait ships.fillgrand forgaps: launches total introduced?which of to islandsretu Some of this information is cards. steel flipper band was recentlymore sighted important. The Royal Society for he rain (top left)that as afternoon shelves were practically er day. 6561 passengershave introduced arrived on species the already three(non-farmed in the Falkland Islands biodiver- Crofts th on Saunders Island by Suzanthe Pole- Protection of Birds (RSPB) is work- February

Pond cleared of polo shirts, t-shirts, pin ah cruise ships introducedanchored vertebrates)in Port William.sity and database how many but much of it is undocu- Evans. TheAnimals penguin’s introduced flipper band toing hadislands to prioritise around island restorations large queues ar mented localbadges knowledge and artwork.or is found Gross in sales for the S been fitted bythe the world Center impact for the onRecov- a large range Withof a ratherare dull there? and When drizzly and day, how the many werend Falklands Conservation (payment form overleaf) across the UKOTs. historical documents.2 February Our work were informs £889.74, a brilliant Blackish oystercatcher ery species. In UK Overseas Territoryweather is- couldintroduced? have been Some better, of thisbut informationit is southern of Brazil. Marine The Falkland Islands are blessed with the prioritisationtake passen-of forisland the restorations usually rather in quiet Falk- Pond lands (UKOTs), introduceda large array vertebrates ofdid islands, not seem and a toalready great deter deal inthe the masses Falkland of tour- Islands biodiver-rn them Their records confirmed that the pen- lands Conservation shop. was converted to a comfortable ists stepping sityoff database the launches but muchthe Falklands,onto of it is undocu- and adds to the biodiver- rockhopper are one of the biggest threats to biodi- guin was admitted to CRAM as an oiled of effort has already gone into island Maggie, James, Hay & HE Governor night-herons mented local knowledgesity database. or is found in bird. It was rehabilitatedversity. for 8 weeks As interest at in island restorationStanley’s jetty. Some arrived as early as Stanley’s front road is taken over by Animals (CRAM)restorations in and eradications here. Falk- Haywood present Gemma’s award Crofts the CRAM facility and released at The outcome – an information docu- grows, the needlands to balance Conservation biodiversity is working withhistorical the documents. Our workpedestrians informs (right), and large queuesMaggie, James, Hay & HE Governor ah Ca ment prioritising islands within the gains against costs and risks is becominging. Whi the prioritisation of island restorationsformed in in the rain (top left) as passen-Haywood present Gemma’s award Sar b ssin RSPB to ensure that island prioritisation UKOTs for restoration – will help pri- A large excited group of Watch er o route to the Falklands,the Falklands, and adds to the biodiver-gers wait for launches to return them ders Island2010. andBeach, is believedBrazil on to the be 17more breed- Septem- important.within The the Royal Falklands Societydistance is up-to-dateforb and  Group kids and parentsA large attendedexcited group a prize of Watch le we dosity not database.know its oritise exact limited funding, and provide a the Protectionrelevant. of Birds (RSPB)Saunders is work-Island is an impressive 2200 to their ships. giving to mark the achievement in Feb- It then made its way to Saun- The outcomelong-term – an information programme docu- for the Falklands Group kids and parents attended a prize ing to prioritise In particular,island restorationskm we (1367 have miles). been providing for working with landowners. As a bo-ruary. HE Governorgiving to Nigelmark theHaywood achievement in Feb- This sightingetwee further supportsment the prioritising be- islands within the across the UKOTs. If you have information that you think may notnus, be onwe record, will also please end upget with in touch a more at kindly presentedruary. eachHE Governor child with Nigel a Falk- Haywood penguins The Falkland Islandslief arethat blessedSouth Atlantic with n penguinsCassinoUKOTs fre-Be for restoration – will help pri- lands Conservation medal and an RSPB [email protected] disperse between the Falklandsoritise the straig limiteddetailed, funding, useful and biodiversity provide a database for kindly presented each child with a Falk- a large array of islands, and a great deal Club Awardlands certificate. Conservation Afterwards medal and a an RSPB the islands,and or South that America mice got and to readily your mix. island Thelong-term a few the programme Falkland Islands. for the Falklands of effortcats has were alreadysighting removed. gone of intoKalinka island . Perhapswill be in you the know field whenover therabbits next were month introduced or so, but to will party withClub tea Award and cakes certificate. was enjoyed. Afterwards a for workinght-line with landowners. As a bo- restorations andwell eradicationsis also a boost here.to organi Falk- ach and Wellparty done with kids! tea and cakes was enjoyed. happily collate any information you providenus, on weher willreturn. also end up with a more lands Conservationare involved is inworking rehabilitating with theoiled sea- the FIG Veterinary Department rescue James Well Fenton done also kids! took the opportu-  birds. Over the pastthe few banded years penguin volunteers a detailed, useful biodiversity database for RSPB to ensure that island prioritisation years ago butand yourehabilitate caught them,dozens or of that oiled nitypen- to announceJames Fenton that alsoWatch took Leader the opportu- have helped Falklands Conservation and guins. within the Falklands is up-to-date and the Falkland Islands. one of Maggie Battersby would soon be leaving lodge in 1987. Penguins are not flipper one banded of  in the nity to announce that Watch Leader  relevant. theMaggie post, due Battersby to new workwould commitments. soon be leaving A Magellanic penguin with a stainlessFalkland Islands. However, the practice In particular, we have been providing does occur in othering. parts While of the weworld. do It notFC theknow will post, prepareits due exact to to new say workfarewell commitments. to (please tick) steel flippersatio bandlive and was recentlyyearshas ago ledsighted but to invaluableyou caught research, them, furthering or that Maggie in the next newsletter.the FIG Veterinary Department rescue Membership category . Perhaps you know when rabbits were introduced to FC will prepare to say farewell to If you have informationon thatSaunders you think Island may notby be Suzan on record, Pole- please routeget in totouch the atFalklands, the straight-line ns that the understanding distanceof penguin betweendisper- CassinoMaggie Beach in the andnext newsletter.and rehabilitate dozens of oiled pen- [email protected]. The penguin’s flippersions band and hadpopulation changes. Newer guins. Saunders Island is an impressive 2200 the islands, or that micebeen got tofitted your by island the Centera few andfor saferthe Recov-techniques are now being de- Penguins are not flipper banded in the veloped. These include insertingkm (1367 small miles). cats were removed. Kalinkaery of will Marine be in theAnimals field ove (CRAM)r the next monthin or so, but will Falkland Islands. However, the practice ra This sighting further supports the be- happily collate any informationsouthern Brazil. you provide ondio her emitting return. does occur in other parts of the world. It cone rubber flipper bands. lief that South Atlantic penguins fre- Their records confirmed that the pen- has led to invaluable research, furthering quently disperse between the Falklands guin was admitted to CRAM as an oiled the understanding of penguin disper- implants or andfit and readily mix. The bird. It was rehabilitated for 8 weeks at sions and population changes. Newer sighting of the banded penguin alive and the CRAM facility and released at and safer techniques are now being de- well is also a boost to organisations that Cassino Beach, Brazil on the 17 Septem- veloped. These include inserting small are involved in rehabilitating oiled sea- ber 2010. It then made its way to Saun- ting sili- radio emitting implants or fitting sili- birds. Over the past few years volunteers ders Island and is believed to be breed- cone rubber flipper bands. The Nest has recently been renovated have helped Falklands Conservation and ■ Individual (UK, EU or FI) £30/$50 Round Magellanic to a high standard and was FITB Pond oystercatchers ■ Individual (overseas) £50/$80 accredited in 2016 earning it 3 stars. Barossa Pond Barossa Gentoo ■ Household/family £50/$80 All mod cons and centrally heated, Rock penguins Pond Kelp Magellanic ■ Gold £100/$170 it has one bedroom which can be geese penguins Kelp ■ a double or twin and there is a sofa gulls Life (one-off payment) £1,000/$1,700 Ship Southern Ship rockhopper ■ Student £15/$20 bed in the living area. It sleeps 2 Harbour Harbour penguins comfortably, 3-4 is cosy. Pond

For bookings contact Tamar Point Dot & Alex Gould To either adopt a penguin and/or become a member please complete both sides of this form Tel: +500 41094 0 Kms Tamar Pass2 Email: [email protected] Phillips You can also purchase securely online at www.falklandsconservation.com/our-shop Cove 0 Miles 1 Falklands Conservation is a UK registered charity no. 1073859 and a company limited by guarantee in England and Wales no. 03661322. Inner Pass Black-necked swan cover photo: Southern rockhopper penguins ✃ About Pebble Island

Pebble Island is named after the unusual There are three peaks west of the settlement: and attractive pebbles that were once First Mountain – the highest – abundant on some of its beaches. It is reaches 277 m (909 ft), Middle Peak part of a group that also includes Rabbit 214 m (704 ft) and the western Marble Island and the Broken Island group, as Mountain 237 m (779 ft). The land to well as Government, Pebble, White and the east is low-lying with many large lakes Keppel islets. These were bought by John and ponds, which attract a wide range of Markham Dean in 1869 who established wildfowl and wading birds. a sheep farming company known as Dean The island qualifies as an Important Bird Brothers, in whose family ownership remains Area (FK13), a global standard set by today. For many years it was one of the most BirdLife International. Around 40 bird important wool producers on West Falkland. species have been recorded, including The Island stretches 30 km (19 miles) over 1,000 pairs of imperial cormorants from east to west, but is only about 7 km that breed on Tamar Point, and several (4½ miles) at its widest point. The settlement large colonies of gentoo, Magellanic and and airstrip are located on a narrow isthmus southern rockhopper penguins. close to spectacular Elephant Beach, the Eight of the Falkland endemic plants grow longest sand beach in the Falklands at here, including vanilla daisy and lady’s 6·4 km (4 miles) – Pebble Island’s alternative slipper. airstrip. Dune systems and rocky shores with Commerson’s dolphins are regularly low cliffs, are backed by gently undulating recorded at Green Rincon and in Elephant heathland, with large ponds. Bay, and the Queen of the the Falklands fritillary butterfly occurs on the heathlands. Magellanic Southern rockhopper penguins penguins Rock WARNING Cape Coventry cormorants Keep your distance from PEBBLE ISLAND the southern giant petrel colony Magellanic Argentine penguins Learjet memorial Southern WARNING Commerson’s giant petrels Jenesta SMOKING IS Green dolphin Point Magellanic FORBIDDEN See enlargement Marble 779 Rincon Shanty penguins on page 7 for Gentoo Turkey vultures Marble penguins more detail Mountain Wreck Point Gentoo Sea lions penguins 704 Magellanic Cape Tamar penguins 909 Swan Middle Peak Victor Creek Magellanic Pond Markham Keppel Rabbit Creek First penguins Valley Mountain HMS Coventry Betts Sound Little Pond memorial Wreck Point

Clipping Elephant Green Commerson’s Pond Please follow the guidelines Rabbit Valley dolphin Bay Point ach MAINTAIN A DISTANCE of nt Be >6 m Elepha 6 m (20 ft) between you and Barossa Round Pond any wildlife at all times. SAS commemorative Pond cairn Big PEBBLE ISLAND Pond Barossa WILDLIFE HAVE RIGHT OF Rock SETTLEMENT Long Pond WAY AT ALL TIMES. Do not Rams Head Pond block wildlife from returning or no Ship Ship smoking Harbour entering the sea. Pond Harbour TAKE CARE on steep slopes and slippery rocks. Tamar Point Sturgess Point 263 LEAVE GATES as you find them. no fires Shag Rocks Phillips Tamar Pass BE AWARE of biosecurity. Cove Do not introduce invasive Pebble Inner Pass species to the area. do not Sound BE CAREFUL not to trample litter KEY Pond Wire Fence 1000 the burrows of nesting LAMBING SEASON 800 seabirds, particularly those of The lambing season is from October to Stream Gate Magellanic penguins. Avoid December. During this time visitors are 600 walking across areas of high no flash asked to take extra care not to disturb ewes burrow density. as they may abandon lambs if startled. Kelp Beds Airstrip 400 200 Wildlife Memorial Viewing Area 0 Height in feet Cruise Ship Anchorage above sea level N Kilometres 0 2 4 6

0 1 2 3 4 Peregrine falcon Falkland lavender Falkland grass wren Commerson's dolphin Miles Rockhopper Penguins

Southern rockhopper penguins are the smallest of the five species of crested penguins and the most common Falkland penguin, breeding at 35 sites around the Islands. The total number is 320,000 breeding pairs (2010 census), one of the largest populations of rockhoppers in the world. Pebble Island is home to some 8,500 breeding pairs. The largest colony of around 5,200 pairs is located to the north of Marble Mountain, where a few macaroni penguins Southern rockhopper penguin can also be found. Rockhopper and macaroni penguins sometimes interbreed, so Pebble is a good place to look for hybrid offspring. The second largest rockhopper colony of 3,250 pairs is at Tamar Point, at the east end of the island. The birds return to these sites each year in early October, having spent the winter ranging across the waters of the . The penguins feed on krill and squid in the rich marine waters surrounding the Falklands, pursuing their prey Macaroni penguin far out to sea and up to depths of 100 m (328 ft). They depart on their winter migration, following moulting, in mid-April. Two eggs are laid in a nest scrape lined with anything from small stones to vegetation and bones. The first egg is markedly smaller than the second which may be vulnerable to predation by skuas or even evicted from the nest when hatching. Crested penguins typically raise only one chick, however in the Falklands it is not unusual for some to raise two chicks in a good year. Incubation lasts just Southern rockhopper x macaroni penguin hybrid over 30 days. Following hatching, only the female feeds whilst the male guards the chick. After a month the chicks form loose crèches and both parents share the job of feeding the chick until fledging at the end of February. Following the 2010 census, rockhopper penguin populations are considered stable in the Falklands. This species continues to be classed as Vulnerable by the IUCN and BirdLife International.