PLANNING FOR CONSERVATION IN A MEDIUM SIZED INDIAN CITY CASE OF BANARAS

ANAGHA NAIK HISTORIC PRESERVATION THESIS 2, SPRING ‘20, PRATT INSTITUTE TIER 1 POPULATION > 5 MILLION

TIER 2 POPULATION: 2-5 MILLION

TIER 3 POPULATION < 2 MILLION STATIC KINETIC INTENSE DUALITY HOW DOES ONE APPROACH ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN CONSERVATION? HOW CAN CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE BE ASSESSED? ISSUE STATEMENT NEW DELHI

BANARAS

MUMBAI

THE OF BANARAS GOAL HISTORY HISTORY

The remains of the Vishvanatha Temple protruding from the rear wall of Jnanavapi Mosque built by the Mughal Emperor Aurang- zeb. Photo: Klaus Rotzer Ghats, 1870’S Bazaars in the colonial arcades of Mumbai. Image: Hernandez, 2010 First map of Banaras by James Prinsep, 1819

Vishwanath Temple with Gyan-Vapi Mosque, 1905 Image: Citygo.in Image: Citygo.in

CASE STUDY: DASHASHWAMEDH Ganga View from Boat Ganga Arti When the ghats are flooded

CASE STUDY:

CASE STUDY: VISHWANATH DHAM PROJECT SITE

Recommendation - Mass Awareness - Documentation - Restoration

Recommendation - Understanding ‘Evolving Significance’ -ICOMOS Nara Document on Authencity

Recommendation - Minimum Intervention -Naturally Occurring Cultural Districts (NOCD) NATURALLY OCCURRING CULTURAL DISTRICT (NOCD)

NATURALLY OCCURRING CULTURAL DISTRICT (NOCD) Guidelines - To value the neighborhoods due to its local traditions and culture. - To engage the local community as well as tourists and pilgrims in the up keeping of the ghats. - Protect the historic significance of the ghats as they continue to serve as a public space where people come to- gether to celebrate life and death. - To create grant making opportunities for the protec- tion and maintenance of the built fabric of this public sphere. - To improve living and working conditions of the local communities engaged in the local economy. This also aims to protect and boost the ‘place-based economy’. - To create necessary guidelines to promote pertinent tourist behavior in sensitive areas like the cremation ghats. - To control the detrimental practices which are hazard- ous to the river.

THANK YOU TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter I: Planning for Conservation in a Medium Sized Indian City Introduction Issue Statement Goal Objectives Methodology Literature Review - Banras - Conservation - Static City & Kinetic City - Historic Preservation in Chapter II: History & Current Conditions Banras: An Ancient City Banaras: Under the Muslim Power Banaras: The Modern Period Banaras: Post Independence Banaras: Present Times Chapter III: Analysis & Case Studies Indian Cities: An Overview Banaras: An Overview Banaras: The Static City - Built Empire - Palaces - Architecture Style Banaras: The Kinetic City Case Study - Dashashwamedh Ghat - Manikarnika Ghat - Vishwanath Dham Project Site Preservation Efforts in Banaras Chapter IV: Comprehensive Analyses & Recommendations