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Re-Os Geochronology Highlights Widespread Latest Mesoproterozoic (Ca

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Re-Os Geochronology Highlights Widespread Latest Mesoproterozoic (Ca https://doi.org/10.1130/G48521.1 Manuscript received 19 October 2020 Revised manuscript received 11 January 2021 Manuscript accepted 15 January 2021 © 2021 The Authors. Gold Open Access: This paper is published under the terms of the CC-BY license. Published online 26 March 2021 Re-Os geochronology highlights widespread latest Mesoproterozoic (ca. 1090–1050 Ma) cratonic basin development on northern Laurentia J. Wilder Greenman1, Alan D. Rooney2, Mollie Patzke3, Alessandro Ielpi3 and Galen P. Halverson1 1 Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 0E8, Canada 2 Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA 3 Harquail School of Earth Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada ABSTRACT GEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND The terminal Mesoproterozoic was a period of widespread tectonic convergence globally, The Bylot basins comprise the Fury and culminating in the amalgamation of the Rodinia supercontinent. However, in Laurentia, Hecla, Borden, Aston-Hunting, and Thule long-lived orogenesis on its eastern margin was punctuated by short-lived extension that Basins (Fig. 1A). Fahrig et al. (1981) linked generated the Midcontinent Rift ca. 1110–1090 Ma. Whereas this cratonic rift basin is typi- the origin of these basins with magmatism of cally considered an isolated occurrence, a series of new depositional ages demonstrate that the 1.27 Ga Mackenzie large igneous prov- multiple cratonic basins in northern Laurentia originated around this time. We present a ince (LIP; LeCheminant and Heaman, 1989) Re-Os isochron date of 1087.1 ± 5.9 Ma from organic-rich shales of the Agu Bay Formation based on paleomagnetic data from the lower of the Fury and Hecla Basin, which is one of four closely spaced cratonic basins spanning Bylot Supergroup in the Borden Basin. Jack- from northeastern Canada to northwestern Greenland known as the Bylot basins. This age is son and Iannelli (1981) inferred that the By- identical, within uncertainty, to ages from the Midcontinent Rift and the Amundsen Basin in lot Supergroup recorded the opening of the northwestern Canada. These ages imply that the late Mesoproterozoic extensional episode in proto–Arctic Ocean and inferred an age of ca. Laurentia was widespread and likely linked to a common origin. We propose that significant 1250–1200 Ma for the succession. However, thermal anomalies and mantle upwelling related to supercontinent assembly centered around most of the Bylot Supergroup stratigraphy the Midcontinent Rift influenced the reactivation of crustal weaknesses in Arctic Laurentia postdates the Mackenzie LIP by >200 m.y. beginning ca. 1090 Ma, triggering the formation of a series of cratonic basins. based on Re-Os dates of 1048 ± 12 Ma on the Arctic Bay Formation and 1046 ± 16 Ma INTRODUCTION Recent rhenium-osmium (Re-Os) radio- on the Victor Bay Formation (Gibson et al., The Mesoproterozoic tectonic history of isotopic dating of organic-rich strata hints that 2018). Turner et al. (2016) further showed that Laurentia is a narrative of long-lived crustal previously poorly constrained successions in Grenville-aged zircons were captured only thickening on its southern and eastern margins, middle to late Proterozoic sedimentary basins in the upper Bylot Supergroup (Strathcona which culminated in the Shawinigan orogeny in Arctic Canada record extension following Sound Formation) and proposed that exten- ca. 1220–1160 Ma (McLelland et al., 2013) the development of the Midcontinent Rift in the sion in the Bylot basins was associated with and the Grenville orogeny ca. 1090–980 Ma Amundsen Basin at 1067.3 ± 13.5 Ma (Rain- far-field stress from the Amazonia-Laurentia (Hynes and Rivers, 2010). The Midcontinent bird et al., 2020) and in the Borden Basin at collision. Rift, located in the western Great Lakes area 1048 ± 12 Ma (Gibson et al., 2018). The Fury of central North America, records an episode and Hecla Basin on northwestern Baffin Island Stratigraphy of the Fury and Hecla Group of intraplate extension between these orogens and northern Melville Peninsula (Figs. 1A and The Fury and Hecla Group is ∼2.8 km thick on Laurentia’s present eastern margin. High- 1B) is assumed to be cogenetic with the near- and records deposition in an elongate, westward- precision radiometric ages demonstrate that by Borden Basin (Jackson and Iannelli, 1981; deepening basin (Fig. 1). The Nyeboe Formation Midcontinent rifting and associated volcanism Chandler, 1988); however, a lack of radioisotopic at the base of the succession contains red-weath- occurred ca. 1110–1085 Ma (Swanson-Hysell ages from the former has left this interpretation ering, shallow-marine and terrestrial siliciclastic et al., 2019). Intraplate magmatism at this time unsubstantiated. Here we present a new Re-Os deposits with minor carbonate and mafic lava was not restricted to the Midcontinent Rift date of 1087.1 ± 5.9 Ma on black shale of the flows (member 2a). The contact with the overly- but rather extended from present-day western Agu Bay Formation in the lower Fury and Hecla ing Sikosak Bay Formation is poorly preserved, (Guitreau et al., 2016) and southwestern Unit- Group and interpret new geodynamic linkages but the latter comprises cross-bedded, tan-col- ed States (Timmons et al., 2005; Bright et al., between the development of the Amundsen and ored shallow-marine sandstone. The upper con- 2014) to eastern Canada (Fig. 1A; McLelland Bylot basins ca. 1090–1050 Ma and significant tact between the Sikosak Bay Formation and et al., 2010). mantle upwelling at the Midcontinent Rift. the Agu Bay Formation is gradational through CITATION: Greenman, J.W., et al., 2021, Re-Os geochronology highlights widespread latest Mesoproterozoic (ca. 1090–1050 Ma) cratonic basin development on northern Laurentia: Geology, v. 49, p. 779–783, https://doi.org/10.1130/G48521.1 Geological Society of America | GEOLOGY | Volume 49 | Number 7 | www.gsapubs.org 779 Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article-pdf/49/7/779/5335921/g48521.1.pdf by guest on 29 September 2021 Formation on Baffin Island (see the Supple- 150ºW 1 A 75ºN Thule Basin Conglomerate mental Material ; Fig. 1C). The Re-Os isotopic Aston- Hunting Bylot Sandstone composition data (n = 7) yield a model 1 age Basin basins of 1087.1 ± 5.9 Ma, with an initial 187Os/188Os Siltstone Borden Basin (Osi) of 0.65 ± 0.02 (Fig. 2; Table S2 in the Shale Supplemental Material). This date provides the Amundsen Fury and Hecla Basin and Hornby Basalt first depositional age constraint on sedimentary Bay basins Basement strata of the Fury and Hecla Group. DISCUSSION Autridge Tectonostratigraphy of the Lower Fury and Hecla Group and Bylot Supergroup 500 km Our Agu Bay Formation Re-Os date con- 500 m firms a latest Mesoproterozoic age for the Bylot Ottawan orogenic belt (1.09-1.03 Ga) basins (Gibson et al., 2018) and provides an an- Cratonic basin chor for testing previous lithostratigraphic corre- development (1.09-1.05 Ga) lations between the lower Bylot Supergroup and Intraplate magmatism lower Fury and Hecla Group (Fig. 3; Jackson (1.1-1.08 Ga) and Iannelli, 1981; Chandler, 1988; Long and Mackenzie LIP (1.27 Ga) Hawkeye granite Turner, 2012). Together, the sandstones and ba- t Pikes Peak n salts of the Nyeboe Formation are interpreted to Midcontinent o granite r Whyte correlate with similar lithofacies of the Nauyat Rift Basin f le Inlet l and Adams Sound Formations of the Borden i N v n Basin (Fig. 3), as proposed by Chandler (1988) e ºW SWLLIP r 70 G 30ºN based on lithostratigraphy. Considering that ba- salt magmatism represented by member 2a of the Nyeboe Formation is interpreted to corre- spond to the Mackenzie LIP (Chandler, 1988), B 20 km the Agu Bay Formation date implies that a major unconformity must exist in the lower Fury and Hecla Group, though no stratigraphic disconti- 18SUB-W054 N nuity has previously been recognized. However, Agu Bay the contact between the Nyeboe and Sikosak Bay Formations is the most logical horizon for 86º Whyte 83º 70º 1087 ± 6 Ma 70º Inlet an unconformity given that the former contains Sikosak volcanics inferred to be part of the Mackenzie Fury and Hecla Gp. Fury and Hecla Strait Bay LIP and the latter shares a gradual, conformable Cover Hansen WG1901 contact with the overlying Agu Bay Formation Fault 2a Autridge Fm. member (Fig. 3). The contact between the Nyeboe and Simialuk Whyte Inlet Fm. Nyeboe Sikosak Bay Formations is poorly preserved in Agu Bay Fm. Northeast Cape the basin, and any unconformity may have been Hansen Fm. Melville Ulunnguaq Sikosak Bay Fm. Peninsula obscured by wave ravinement during renewed Nyeboe Fm. subsidence given the similar shallow-marine Dybbol Sill C lithofacies of both units. The implication that Figure 1. Latest Mesoproterozoic cratonic basin development on Laurentia. Ottawan orogenic the Nyeboe Formation is nearly 200 m.y. older belt is after Hynes and Rivers (2010). (A) Intraplate magmatism ca. 1.1–1.08 Ga recorded by than the Sikosak Bay Formation can be tested dating of volcanic rocks including Hawkeye granite (Chiarenzelli and McLelland, 1991), Pikes by provenance analysis. Peak granite (Flowers et al., 2020), and Southwest Laurentia large igneous province (SWLLIP; The necessity for a long-duration unconfor- Bright et al., 2014). Red box indicates location of B. LIP—large igneous province. (B) Geology of Fury and Hecla Basin. Fault location is taken from Spratt et al. (2013). Yellow star shows mity has also been noted for the Borden Basin sample location of Re-Os sample set 18SUB-W054. Gp.—Group; Fm.—Formation. (C) Strati- given the assumed Mackenzie age for the Nauyat graphic section WG1901 (see B for location) of Fury and Hecla Group exposed on Melville Formation and the ca. 1050 Ma depositional age Peninsula, after Greenman et al.
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