u.s. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Frederick B. Dent, Secretary NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION Robert M, W~tite, Administrator NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE Robert W. Schoning, Director
NOAA Technical Report NMFS CIRC-386 rJlarine Flora and Fauna of the Northeastern United States. Pycnogonida
LAWRENCE R. McCLOSKEY
SEATTLE. WA Septembpr 1973
For !'<:ilc by the SlJPcrinH:ndcnl of Documents, U.S. Go\'ernment Prlnlinr Office WJsbiugl011, D.C. 211402 • l'flee 30 cents FOREWORD
This issue of the "Circulars" is part of a subseries entitled "Marine Flora and Fauna of the Northeastern United States." This subseries will consist of original, illustrated, modern manuals on the identification, classification, an,l general biology of the estuarine an,1 coastal marine plants and animals of the Northeastern United Sta'.es. Manuals will be published at irregular intervals on as many taxa of the region as there arc specialists willing to collaborate in their )Jreparation, The manuals are an outgrowth of the wid(!ly used "Keys to Marine Invertebrates of the Woods Hole Rcgion," edited by R. 1. Smith, published in 19G4, and produced under the auspices of the S~'stemalics-EcologyProgram, Marine Biological ]Alboratory, Woods Hole, Mass. Instead of revising the "Woods Hole Keys," the staff of the Systematics Ecology Program decided to expand the geographic coverage and bathymetric range and produce the keys in an entirely new set of expanded publications. The "Marine Vlora and Fauna of the Northeastern United States" is bp.ing prepared in collu00ration with systematic specialis.ts in the United States and abroad. Each man ual will be based primarily on recent and ongoing revisionary systematic research and a fre,11 examination of the pbnts and animals. Each major taxon, treated in a separate manual, will include an introduction, illustrated glossary, uniform originally illustrated keys, annotated cheek Jist with information when available on distribution, habitat, life history, and related biology, references to the major literature of the group, and a system atic index. These manuals are intended for use by biology students, biologist.~, biological ocean ographers, informed la)-men, and others wishing to identify coastal ~rganisms for this region. In l1lany instances the manuals will serve as a guide to adciitional information about the species or the grou p. Geographic coverage of the "~Iarine Flora and Fauna of the l\'Ol'theastern United States" is planned to include organisms from the hct'.dwatcrs of estuaries seaward to approximately the 200-1ll depth on the continental shelf from Maine to Virginia, but may "aTy sOmewllat with each major taxon und the interests of col;laborators. When ever po,sihle reprec,entative specimens dealt. with in the manuals will be deposited in reference collections or the (;ray Museum, .Marine Biological Laboratory, and other universities and reBearch lahoratories in the region. After a sufficient number uf manuals of related taxonomic groups have been pub lished, the manual.' will be re\'is('d, g"rouped, and isstlcd as special volumes, These vol umes will thus consiot of compilations of individual manuals within phyla such as the Coelenterata, Arthropoda, o.nd l\lo!lusca, or of ~roups of phyla.
ii CONTENTS
Page Introduction . 1 Key to the Pycnogonida, Maine to New Jersey , ,. 3 Annotated Systematic List . 9 Selected Bibliography . 10 Index to scientific names . 11 Acknowledgments . 1~ Coordinator's comments . 12
The Kationul )1:1r;ne Fi~heri.·~ Sen'ice (:-\)11"S) does not approve, rec ommcnd or endor~,' "ny proprietu,)' product 01' propl'i,'tal'y material mcntion"d in thi;; I.ublicaticln. :-\0 reference Sh'll1 he made to ?\:llFS, 01' to this puhlication furni~hl'll by N;l1 FS, in tiny l\llvcrtising" or sa[cs pro motion which \\'ould indicate or jmpl~' that :-\:\1 F03 appro\,pf', recDmmends or cndorses any proprietary I1roduct Dr prDprietary matprial mentioned herein, or whkh has ns its I1UTl10se an intent to cause directly or indirectlY th.~ advertised prDduct tD he used Dr purch:u.etl lwca\1se of this :-\;l1FS pub] ication.
iii LAWRENCE R. McCLOSKEY'
'""ABSTRACT' .,
The manual j..c:l(Jtl~s iilT Irttfud,iC1ion on the generai 'hiology;-~~ iIiustratcd key, an an notat!:d SystClllHtic list, " selected bibliograph)', and an indel' to the pycnogonidu along the coast of the United States from Maine to New Jersey out to 100 m.
INTRODUCTION biramous. The abdomen is quite i'udi~ and possesse~ ~v.-t.b.P...:::.ma!--e,I-rerrrrnf.:"-- .,' The pycl1og'onida, 01' sea spiders, ar~_oJ..le_of__- 'firoug}lsuperficially 'spfderJike, pycnogonids the most curjglliU~·.rD..1.>r)&-ef:-l'rrrrrtire.'~tebrates. do not Iwve...t:l'le typical arachnid body arrange- '''--''heii'-]JecUJiar anatomy, a montag-e of arthropod ment...r:;£"a"cephalothQrax (or pI'osoma) with six characters, reveals no clear affinities 01' homol-/leg:s' and a Im'ge abdomen (or opisthosoma), ogies with other apparently related arthropy.ds' They differ clearly from the classes Merostomata (Fig. 1), Generally, the first pair of pycnGgonid and Arachnida in having no respiratory or C:{~ appendages are formed into pincerlike cheli- cl'f~tOl'Y ,ol'gans;' in having the mouth located at fores (sometimes called cheliceraE: 01' man- the end of a proboscis, and in having multiple dibles), ancl the second pair develop as sensory gonopores which open on the legs. They ;;;ho'\'o' palps (or pedipalps). In addition to these two affinity to the chcHcel'ates in the arrangement pairs of appendages, used mostly in feed·ing, the oL.tJ:u~.J:n,·.njn.",vhieh"·has··apr6tocereOrtlm' anci'a first seg1nent of the body ,usHa~JY'has' t\\10 -jiuii.:s- tritocerebrum, without a deutercccrebrum. of legs. TIBflrst pair (when present) nre called Hence, they have been placed in a separate class, ovigers, and, in the male, are used to hold and Pycnogonida, under the subphylum Chelicernta. cuny the clusters of eggs" (However, in one _~.illll!Ltb£...... r.an..~E.J_Q)J.f'..1~~y-Hl;9._.lmt;:nlat· family, the Colossendehlae, the "ovlgel's" ii.'j;e--'(Maine to New Jersey), five sljecies' of pycno- used only as grooming appendageiJ.) The sec- gonids may be readily fuund in nearshore onel pair on the first body segment are walking waters: Tanyst1jlf/i'llC orbieu[ore, Calli]Jallene leg's-the first of four pairs used for locomotion, llrevirnd'''"c-,--J!.iw-w-i-e-ldlirfJttiit' lel/wl'uti'~m, Ana- The legs often comprise the Bulk oi-t11eammal's IJl,odiwtylu8 leut1lS, .'1:'1rl PijCnogoiiJUn liitorale. It body mass, and in keeping with unconventional-" ", 'is these species which have received the.JI!..O* itv,' have nine segments, rather than the eight attention. Thomas Hunt JYr()~"6arj~s"'treatise u~ually found in arthropods. An extra somite (1891) on the,~~:'iv-rogY'~ipycnogonids, treats (that is, body segment), with legs, appears in ,!,fJ.'V-'!fr,-tj]li'imo1'bieular(J (p. 4-8, 36-48), Calli]Ja!-:_ some species, resulting in a total of 10 legs." 'lene bl'evirostris (p.8-22 undel'.PaUe;c'?"e'll:.p'liiii) , Two species
1 , #1...'"\~femur 1"-' j I~rstr lhibia
f 9helifore: , scape\ process chela ___---abdomen \ .--::=:.:;;r------
."'. /j,' . -~.. ~~~~~~. . .. -. second coxa r ~al~~~~-- ~ . \)i/i·.··.:----third coxa proboscIS /-. .(.am"r ~ -I"", u .. \; /' --'second tibia ", __ tarsus ___propodus ~termina I claw "::"'ollxiliory claws Figure I.-Anatomy of a typical Pynogonid. Inset: anterior view of whole animal.
jemomtum and TlJ,nystylwn orbicu/'(lI'(! have been hensive, systematic treatment. It was from this less wel!3tllrlled,-JehuuglfP. f<;i;ioratu?n. is well work that much of the m.aterial in the key is --;{ho\~'n to iive 011 Tubularia, and its young pro derived. I wish to thank Dr. Hedgpeth for his duce parasitic galls on the hydroids. Pycno[Jon kindness in permitting us to draw so heavily on n/iL l;Uoi'ale is reported. to associate with sea his paper and allowing us to reproduce many . Fllwmon-es (Prell, i909). of his drawings. The remainder of the speeies in this key are Primary bxonomic. characters for the pyc found primarily in deeper water, and, as ex nogonids are combinations of presence or ab pected, less is known of their habits. Species sence of chelae, palps, and ovigers. The number heretofore collected only deE::pcr than 100 m have of segments per appendage is' also important. not been included, but some may yet appear in Figure 1 portrays a generalized sketch of ,a colleptions from near the shelf edge. pycnogonid, illustrating characters used in the No new species have been reported from this. key, and the inset depicts the lifelike appearance are'a sinee Joe! W. Hedgpeth's (1948) comljrc- of awhoJe animal.
~_.--~ ...-_ ..- -_.. - .. ,..2·· .. ··· KEY. TO TI-:i:E" PYCNOG&NT(jA~"MAINE TO NEW JERSEY
1 Chelifores and palpi distinctly present. .,. __ .. __ .. __ _ __ ; .. 2
1 Chelifores or palpi, or both, lacking- or greatly reduced _, .. _., 8
2. (1) Chelifores well developed, overreaching proboscis; palpi five-jointed _.. _ __ NYMPHONIDAE " 3
2 (l) Chelifores shorter than proboscis, and chelae reduced to knobs; palpi seven to nine-jointed.. _'.' AMMOTHEIDAE .. 7 .,'7) ~
--~-ro.pod,:s I tarsus
3 (2) Tarsus half as long (or less) as propodus. ~ ...,.,,, , Nymphon hirtipcs f=
3 (2) Tarsus almost as long or longer than prop- oelus. 4
3 4 (8) Fingers of chelae .__ p~lm comparatively thick, "" , 1 shorter than palm ~ (a); a few large t fingers';'.1 ~ spines 011 sole of Spines;' .-;.:.]Jl'OpOdllS (b).: .. ''- . ~-~,".--:-:. -:-:: :-::rVWnpF.6ii "y;i'ossipes " a b
4 (3) Fingers of chelae slender, usually as long or longer than palm; without large spines on sale of propodus...... ,.".,...... 5
5 (..I-) Auxiliary claws one-half to tA ,,-thirds as long as terminal claw...... '. ,'<~ :" Nymphon macrum 'K
Auxilial'Y claws less than one-fourth as long as terminal claw...... 6 tF
1;-'(5)' Neck short (a); chelae with more than ,_ 25 large spinules on each finger-€b). ":'.. .,",,.. ",,';. :":," Nymphon st?'omi
6 (5) Neck long, slender (a); chelae with 2F5 or less spi nules on each finger (b); c tarsus at least one and a half times as long as prop- odus (c) Nymphon longital'se
4 7 (.:!) Anxilim',v cl:m,; at lea"t l~l~if~I-~lcmg-mrb:"'f'n:UllllLcJa\\'(a); latel'H1 ])rocesse::; 111\1'- o~_ 1'O\l"1y separated (iJ. c) 0 0 •• , ••••• 0 0 • .. 0 ••••••••• , •••••• , Athelia spinosa
7 (2) Auxiliary claws less than one-third as long 8S terminal claw (a); lateral
processes contiguous (b'lc), _ 0 •••• 0 •••• 0 ••••••••••••• 0 ••••••• 0 •••••••• Athelia sc(cbra
~_:oo~.o_.~~ ~.~--.'.. o oJ J?tJ b
8 (1) Chelifores or pulpi lacking, but not both...... 9
8 (1) Chelifores and pa.lpi both lacking. . ,,,...... 15
5 9 (8) Chelif0i'es lacking or greatly re duced (a); pa]pi five- or six jointed; very small (body length less than 4 mm) (b) ..Tanyslylum ol'biculal'e
b
9 (8) Chelifores present, palpi In(;king 10
10 UJ) Ovigers lO-jointed; present in both sexes CALLIPALLENIDAE 11
10 (9) Ovigel's less than 10-jolnted; ovigers in male only PHOXICHILIDIIDAE .. ,. 12
11 (10) Auxiliary claws present (a); neck lo!nger than wide (b); lateral pro- cesses widely separated...... , Callipallene bre1;irost1'is
11 (10) AuxUiaryelaws absent; neck short and broad (a); body compact and oval, with lateral processes narrowly sepa- rated (a); chelae heavy (b) ...... Pselldopallene ci1'cula,1'is
6 12 (10) Cephalic segment extended forward as a con spicuous neck, overhanging insertion of pro boscis; auxiliary claws extremely minute or absent. "" ., 13
12 (10) Cephalic segment not extended for ward (a); auxiliary claws present (b) Phoxichilidium femoratum b
13 (1.2) Body length of adult greater than 5 mm (b); basal spines on propo dus at least half as long as width of propodus (a); cement gland open ~ ing on femur of male a simple slit. ~ ~Ol ...... Anoplodactylu8 lentus 0 spines
13 (12) Body length less than 2 mm; b.'lsal spines on pl'opodus less than half as long as width of propodus Ca); cement gland opening in femur of male located at tip of raised tube (b) ..... 14
/ cement gland opening
7 14 (13) Body length of adult larger (typical spec imens about 1.5 mr;").); with very low tu- bercles on lateral processes . · Anopwdadylns lJetiolatns
14 (13) Body length generally smaller (1 mm or less); no tubercles on lateral processes (a); comparatively fewer spines on legs (b) Anoplodactylu$ pCP-vus
b
15 (8) Body siender; legs about twice as long as body; auxiliary claws present . ENDEIDAE. · Endeis spinosa
15 (8) Body stout; legs short. not much longer than body; without auxiliary claws PYCNOGONIDAE · Pycnogonum littomle
8 ANNOTATED SYSTEMATIC LIST auxiliary claw. Though no gradation in length of auxiliary claw is obvious, the de I,isted in the order species appear in the key. gree of spination, size, and general appear ance does intergrade to such an extent as to Family NYMPHONIDAE cast some doubt on whether A. scabra and 1. spinosa are separate species. N YIHphon hirlipes Bell, 1853. Generally in Tnnystyln'fn orbic1l1a1"e Wilson, 1878. A rela deeper waters, ·15 to 400 m, off northern tively common littoral species found in a New England and northward. v::.riety of fouling communities from Cape Nymphan ,Ql'ossipes (0. Fabricius?) Kroyer, Cod south to the Caribbean and Brazil. 1780. Commonest species of Nymphon in Found also on floating Sarg(/,Ss1lm. New England. Collucted from 20 to 1,050 m. NY1l1-phon mucnon Wilson, 1880. Mostly north Family CALLIPALLENIDAE of CapE. Cod, though some records exist from as far _;;outh as Florida. Reported from 64 CallipaUene brevi?'ostris (Johnston), 1837. A to 1,540 m; muddy bottoms. relatively common littoral species found Nymph:Jn stl'omi Kr0yer, 1844. Taken in New from Cape Cod to Florida. England from 12 to over 900 m. Occurs Psendopallene ci1'c1tla1'is (Goodsir), 1842. An mostly north to latitude 82°, but there are uncommon species taken in deeper shelf a few records from south to Florida. water (22 to )1)0 m) from Cape Cod north Nymphon longila)'se Kr0yer, 1844. Occurs north to Arctic. Rarer in southern part of range. of Cape Cod, especially in the Gulf of Maine, from 30 to 280 m. Family PHOXICHILIDIIDAE
Family AMMOTHEIDAE Phoxichilidimn femomt1l1n (Rathke), 1799. A common species found in the intertidal zone Achelicl spinosa (Stimpson) Wilson, 1853. Con to 100 m from Long Island Sound to Green sidered uncommon. Recorded from Block land. Island to New Brunswick in depths less than Ano]Jlodnctyl1ls lent1l8 Wilson, 1878. A common Sn~cimens 37 rn. #1220C and #1220N, in species from the south shore of Cape Cod the Gray'Mu;,;eum, Marine Biological Lab to the Caribbean, from the intertidal zone oratory, Woods Hole, Mass., collected at to the shelf edge. Fishing Ledge, Cape Cod Bay. See com A noplodactylus petiolatlls (Kr0yer), 1844. A. ments under A. SCabl'll. petiolat1ts and A. ]JaTvns may be the same. Ac1~elia scabm Wilson, 1880. Very few speci Small differences in size have been used to mens in existence, all from localities north differentiate the two, and a careful exam of Cape Cod, Mass. Two specimens in the ination of a large series probably would re Grav Museum of the Marine Biological Lab veal gradations. Both have been tabm from oratory (lot #1220D) collected at Fishing floating Sama.'mmn. Represented in the Ledge in Cape Cod Bay, ata depth of 25.9 m. Gray Museum by lots #548 (A. petiolatus) As happens for several of the few preserved and #2094 (A. pa1"'Vus). specimens in existence, these were collected Anoplodactylus parvus Giltay, 1934. See com spinosa. A. scabm together with A. re ments under A. petiolatlls. portedly differs from A. spinosa in having: (1) reduced length of auxiliary claws, (2) shorter lateral processes which are closely Family ENDEIDAE pressed together, (3) reduced spin.ous tu bercles on the coxa, and (4) large tubercles Endeis spinosa (Montagu), 1808. Specimens on the posterior outer corners of the lat usually come from pelagic SaTgasS1lrn weed eral processes. None of these characters washed ashore. Not common in the New seem to be consistent, except fo.r length of England area.
9 Family PYCNOGONIDAE lentus Wilson. Biol. Bull. (Woods Hole) 66: 62-68. Pycnogonnm littorale (Strom). 1762. Ranges HEDGPETH, J. W. from the intertidal zone to off the shelf from 1948. The Pycnogonida of the Western Maine to Long Island Sound. North Atlantic and the Caribbean. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 97: 157-342. JORDAN, H. E. SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 1916. The microscopic structure of the leg muscle of the sea-spider, Anoplodaetylus COLE. L. J. lentus. Anat. Rec. 10:493-508. 1901. Notes on the habitats of pycnogon MORGAN. T. H. ids. Biol. Bull. (Woods Hole) 2: 195-207. 1891. A contribution to the embryology 1906. Feeding habits of the pycnogonid, and phylogeny of the pycnogonids. Stud. Anoplodactylus lentus. Zool. Anz. 29: 740 BioI. Lab. Johns Hopkins Univ. 5: 1-72. 741. PRELL, H. DAWSON, A. B. 1909. Beitrage zur Kenntnis del' Lebens 1934. The colored corpuscles of the blood weise einiger Pantopoden. Bergen. Mus. of the purple sea spider, Anoplodactylus Aarb. (1910) No. 10, p. 2-30.
10 INDEX TO SCIENTIFIC NAMES
Achelia hirtipes 0 • 0 0 0 0 • 0 •• 00•0••••••••• 3, 9
scab/oa 00000 ••••••••••••••••• 0 • 0 •• 5, 9 longitaTsc 0 •••• 0••••••••••••• 4, 9
spinosa " 0 0 0 • 0 ••••••••• 0 • 0 0 • 0 0 0 •• 5,9 rlWf,1"llm 0.0. 0 .0' ••• •• ••••• 9
Ammotheidae 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 •••••••• 0 0 • 0 0 •• 3 stJoiim'i 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 ••• 0 •• 0 • • • • • • • • • 4, 9
A noplodactyfns Nymphonidae .. 0 0 ••••• 0••••••••••••• 3,9
lentns .. 0 0 0 0 0 ••••••••••••• 0 ••• 0 •• 1,7,9 Pallerlc
pa,1'lI1tS .... 0 •• 0 • 0 •••• 0 •••• 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 8, 9 empusa ..... 0 •••••••••• 0 • • • • • • • • • 1
]Jctiolatus . 0 •• 0 ••••••••••• 0 ••• 0 ••• 8,9 Phoxichilidiidae .. 0 0 0 •• 0••••••••••••• 6, 9
Arachnida ... 0 0 •• , •• , •• , •• , ••••••••• 1 P hoxichil'idimn Callipallenidae . 0 0 • 0 0 ••••• 0 •• 0 0 0 0 • 0 •• 6,9 jcmorat1l1n 0 ••• 0 • • • • • • • • •• 1, 2, 7, 9 Callipallene 11UtxillaTc 0 • 0 0 0 • 0 •• 00•••••••••• 1 bl'evirostl'is . 0 o' 0 o' •••••••• 0 ••• 0 0 •• 1,6,9 Psc1ldo]Jallene Cheliceratu .,. 0 0 0 • 0 ••••••••• 0 ••• 0 ••• 1 ciorcnlaris 0 0 0 0 • 0 ••• 00•0••••••• 6,9 Colossendeidae 0 0 • 1 Pycnogonidae 0 • 0 0 •• 0 • 0 0 • • • • • • •• 8, 10 Endeidae .. 0 •••• ," •• " ••••• , ••••• 0 0 8,a Endeis P1!cno{jonwn
Uttomlc 0 •••• 0 •••• o' 1, 2, 8, 10 s]Jinosa 0 0 •• 8,9 Tanystylum Mel'ostomata . 0 • 0 • 0 • 0 ••••••••••••••• 1 l\lymphon orbicularc 0 •••• 0 0 •• 0 • 0 • • •• 1, 6, 9
g1'ossi]Jes 000•0•00•00 •••••••••• 0 0 •• 4,9 Tnbularia 0 ••• 0 • • • • • 2
11 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Preparation of the "l\1arine Flom and Fauna of the Woods Hole, Mass. Nortlwastcrl1 United States" i~ being coordinated hy Robert T. Wilce, Department of Botany, the following Board: of Botany. University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Mass. Coordinator: Melbourne n. Carril COORDINATOR'S COMMENTS Publication of the "il1al'ine Flora and Fauna of the Dr. McCloskey commenced his study of the systematics Northeastern United States" is most timely in view of of the PycnogoniJa in 1964. Preliminary drafts of this the growing universal emphasis on environmental work Inanual were prepared in the spring- and summer of 1971 and the urgent need for more pl'ecis'e and complete ident during- a portion of Dr. McClOSkey's tenure in the S~'ste ification of coastal organisms than has been a'milable. maticg-Ecolop;y Program as a Postdoctoral Fellow spon It is mandatory, \\'h"reve~' possihle. that O('gnnisms be sored I1\' the Whitehall Foundation. He joined the staff identified accurately to species. Accurate scientific of the Department of BiologS. W:l.lla V'.':l.lla College, Col, names unlock the great quantities of biological infor lege Place, Washington, in the fall of 1971. mation stored ill libral'ies, obviate duplication of re :'.lannals are u,.."ilable fol' purchase from the Supedn search already dllnc, and make possible ]Jrediction c;f tQIHknt of DOClll11e"ts, U.S. (;ovel'llment Printing Office, attributes of organisms that have been inadefJuat~ly Washin)!;ton, D.C. 20·102. The manuals so far publishecl studied. in the series and their cost per copy are listed below. COOK, DAVID G., and RALPH O. BRINKHURST, ~'larinQ n01'''- and fauna of the Northeagtern united Stat"". Annelida: OIigoehaeta.,., , ",, ,...... $0.35 BORROR, ARTHUR C. )'farine flora and fauna of the Northeast('rn United State3. Protozoa: Cilio,)hora. . ,., .. , ' _' , , , , , , .. ,,,'.,,,.,,,'. 0.65 :'IfOUL, EDWIN T. "brine nora and fauna of the Northea!'tern United States. Higher plants of the marine fringe. . , .. , "., ,...... 0.65 McCLOSKEY, LAWREi'lCE R. Marine flora and fauna of the Northeastern United States. Pycllogonida , ".".", ,, 0.30 GPO Q87·53S 12 :3·19. Usc of abstracts and SUll111ulries as communica navigation locks and use of the stream for spawn tion dC\'ices in ledlllicl~l at·ticlcs. By F. Bruce ing and nurscry habitat, Cape Fear RivQl', N,C" Sanford. Feloruary 1971, iii + 11 pp., 1 fig. 1962-66. By Paul R. Nichols and Darrell E. Louder. October 1970, iv + 12 pp., 9 figs., 4 :150. Research in fiscal year 1969 at the Bureau of tables. Commercial Fisheries Bioloj.,'ieal Laboratory, Beaufort, N.C. By the Laboi'atory staff. No :j56, Floating laboratory for sturly of aquatic organ \'embc!' 1970, ii + 49 PI'., 21 figs., 17 tables. isms and their environment. By George R. Snyder, Theodore H. Blahm, and Robert J, Mc 351. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Exploratory Connell. May 1971, iii + 16 pp., 11 figs. Fishing and Gear Research Base, l'ascar,-oula, Mississippi, ,Tuly 1, 1967 to ,Tune :JO, 1969. By 3(j1. Regional and other related aspects of shellfish Han'ey R Bullis, .11'., amI John R. Thompson, consnmption - some preliminal'y findings from Novemher 1970, iv + 29 jlp., 29 figs., 1 t:,ble. the 196\) Com;umer Panel Survey. By Morton :M. Miller amI Darrel .A. Nash. June 1971, iv + :J52. Upstream passage of anadromous fish thl'ough 18 pp" 19 figs., 3 tables, 10 aplJs. 13