Vol. 30 No 4 Engaging the Community February 2, 2016 EXCAVATING THE CAPITAL IN 2014-2015 Volodymyr Mezentsev, Ph. D. monwealth. At the same time, it CIUS, Toronto is possible that the hetman bor - rowed the pattern from some fash - The Canada- archaeo - ionable baroque structure in West - logical expedition has conducted ern Europe. It was from there annual field research in the town that the type of tower halls of the of Baturyn, , ir - 14 th -16 th centuries as well as Ren - respective of the military actions aissance and baroque architecture in eastern Ukraine. In 2014, some and ornamentation spread to 50 students and scholars from Poland. In 1656-59, Mazepa trav - the universities of Chernihiv, , elled and studied at universities and took part in the ex - in Germany, , Holland, and cavations there. Last summer, the Italy and had the opportunity to expedition involved 45 members familiarise himself with true mas - from these institutions. terpieces of baroque architecture The expedition was headed by there. archaeologists Yurii Sytyi and Dr. Archaeologists have unearthed Viacheslav Skorokhod of Cherni - hundreds of fragments of fine ce - Citadel’s bailey. hiv National University. Dr. ramic glazed multicoloured and Photo by Volodymyr Mezentsev Volodymyr Mezentsev of the terracotta floor and stove tiles, Canadian Institute of Ukrainian or kakhli , as well as plate-like and mansard, were likely located Studies (CIUS) at the University Moat with bridge, rampart, and log wall with tower gate of the 17th-century Baturyn citadel, rosettes and plaques bearing the bedchambers and living quar - of Alberta is the executive director reconstructed on the basis of archaeological data in 2008. Photo by Mykola Turchyn. Mazepa’s coat of arms that revet - ters of Mazepa and his wife ( het - of the Baturyn archaeological ted the fa ҫades of his villa in manova ) Hanna, the hetman’s of - project from the Canadian side. the West. During Mazepa’s in - into a major manufacturing centre of the 1740s as well as descrip - Honcharivka. These details are fice, his private and general mil - Prof. Zenon Kohut, distinguished surrection for the freedom of Cos - in the Chernihiv land. After his tions of the first Rozumovsky recognized as valuable examples itary chancelleries, a library, and historian of the Hetmanate and sack Ukraine from Moscow’s death in 1803, the town gradually residence in Baturyn, this writer of Ukrainian baroque decorative the state archives. Presumably previous director of CIUS, is the growing domination, Baturyn res - declined throughout the 19 th and and computer artist Serhii Dmytri - and heraldic arts. Yu. Sytyi has the floors there were made of or - academic adviser. Leading histo - idents were the first to offer armed 20 th centuries and revived in in - ienko (Chernihiv) have completed established that they were fash - nate ceramic square and octagonal a hypothetical graphic reconstruc - ioned by accomplished Kyivan tiles faced with common flask- tion of its front elevation. craftsmen whom the hetman green and rare blue enamel as The expedition has continued brought to Baturyn. Thus, the im - well as unusual bicolour half ter - excavating the remnants of posing adornment of his principal racotta-half glazed apple-green Mazepa’s manor in Honcharivka, residence represented a blending tiles. Mazepa and his wife may a suburb of Baturyn. In the late of Western and Ukrainian baroque have personally selected the 1690s, he constructed there a ma - styles. shapes and colours of these tiles sonry palace (20 by 14.5 m) with Research on the Honcharivka and inlays for the floors. Cheaper three stories, a basement, and a palace’s floor pavements has ceramic floor tiles without glazing mansard primarily in a Western shown that there were at least were apparently used in the less Hetman Kyrylo Rozumovsky’s palace in Baturyn, 1751-53. Hypothetical baroque style. This main residence nine rooms, halls, vestibules, cor - important and more modestly fur - reconstruction by V. Mezentsev, computer graphic by Serhii Dmytriienko, 2014. of the hetman was pillaged and ridors, storage areas, and the like nished service premises and rooms burned by Muscovite troops dur - on the ground and upper levels, for servants or guests. rian on Chernihiv Principality, resistance to the Russian troops. dependent Ukraine. Following ing the town’s ravaging in 1708. as well as five vaulted chambers, Examples of early modern floor Prof. Martin Dimnik of the Pon - They brutally suppressed this up - the reconstruction of the impres - Archaeological and architec - a corridor, and a staircase in the designs and inlays comparable to tifical Institute of Mediaeval Stud - raising. In 1708, the tsar’s army, sive fortress citadel, the hetman’s tural research of the palace debris, basement. I surmise that the base - those discovered at the Honchariv - ies (PIMS) at the University of aided by the traitor, occupied, palaces, the state treasury house, along with analysis of a 1744 ment had a brick floor and that it ka palace have been found in St. Toronto, also participates in the plundered, and burned down the the court hall, and churches, as drawing of its ruins preserved at stored the state/military and het - Sophia Cathedral (the 17 th -century research of Baturyn and the pub - hetman capital, killing 5,000 to well as the establishment of sev - the National Museum in Stock - man’s private treasuries. The floor in its altar apse) in Kyiv; lication of its findings. 6,500 garrison fighters and 6,000- eral modern museums of antiq - holm, have allowed investigators ground floor was paved by elon - the Holy Trinity Cathedral (1675) In 1669, this town became the 7,500 civilian inhabitants, regard - uities, since 2009, Baturyn has to determine the ground plan, gated six-angled ceramic tiles at the Hustyn Monastery in become one of the most popular size, design, and decoration of tourist attractions in Ukraine. De - the edifice. The author and S. spite the tense situation in the Dmytriienko have prepared hy - country, about 1 43 ,000 tourists pothetical graphic reconstructions visited its museums and historical of the exterior of Mazepa’s palace. sites last year, an increase of I posit that it had no counterparts 13,000 from 2014. among contemporaneous secular In 1751-53, Rozumovsky com - buildings of central Ukraine but missioned his first palace in Batu - was similar to the tower-like royal ryn, which was demolished in and aristocratic palatial halls of 1821. It was probably designed early modern Poland. Some anal - by the renowned Italian architect ogous examples of the latter in - Antonio Rinaldi, whom the het - clude the three-story masonry res - man invited to Ukraine in 1751. idential tower of King Sigismund Descriptions from the 18 th and I the Old in the town of Piotrk όw, 19 th centuries tell us that this Łódź Voivodeship (1519, 20 by palace was a spacious one-story 18 m), the lost mansions of mag - late baroque wooden building nates Kazanowski (late 16 th cen - Coat of arms of Hetman and a fragment of ceramic stove tile with a comparable heraldic relief discovered Hetman ’s palace in the Baturyn suburb of with private living quarters, two tury) and Kotowski, as well as side wings for guests, an inside the restored castle of princes Os - in the northern outskirts in 2014. Baturyn Museum of Archaeology. Honcharivka before 1708. Hypothetical reconstruction by Photo by Tetiana Kerbut. V. Mezentsev, computer graphic by S. Dmytriienko, 2015. chapel, and a rich library. trozky (Ostrogski) from the 1680s In 2014, Yu. Sytyi discovered in Warsaw. combined with square tiles all ; the 16 th -18 th - capital of the Cossack state. The less of gender or age. the trenches from the dismantled As a youth, Mazepa served at covered by green enamel. A gala century castle of the Ostrozky glorious reign of Hetman Ivan The enlightened Hetman Kyry - brick foundations of this palace the court of King John II Casimir hall for official receptions, council princes in the town of Ostroh, Mazepa (1687-1709) was a golden lo Rozumovsky (1750-64) rebuilt near the town’s secondary school. Vasa in Warsaw, and he could meetings, and banquets could Rivne Oblast, Ukraine; as well age for Baturyn, when it competed Baturyn from the ruins, restored On the basis of architectural draw - well have modelled his Baturyn have been situated on this ground as the residences of Polish kings with Kyiv and Chernihiv for su - its status as the capital of the ings of analogous timber palaces residence on palaces in the neigh - level. * premacy and became known in Cossack realm, and developed it in the Chernihiv and regions bouring Polish-Lithuanian Com - On the second and third stories Escavating ... page 2 UE

Floor pavement patterns of glazed ceramic tiles at Mazepa’s palace prior to 1700. Hypothetical reconstructions by V. Mezentsev and S. Dmytriienko, computer photo collages by Dmytriienko, 2015. Ukrainian Echo February 2, 2016 2

EXCAVATING THE HETMAN CAPITAL BATURYN IN 2014-2015 Â From page 1 UE

the second half of the 18 th centu - ry. In 2014, in the town’s northern outskirts, a fragment of a burnt glazed heraldic stove tile was found. It features the relief coat of arms of the famous Pylyp Or - lyk, Secretary General of Mazepa’s administration, a future émigré hetman (1710-42), and the author of the first Ukrainian constitution (1710). Archaeolo - gists hope to locate the remnants of Orlyk’s ruined residence at the site where this tile was found. Flint and bronze screw from a rifle, an iron arrowhead, Exploratory excavations carried a splinter from an iron cannonball, and lead musket bullets, out by V. Skorokhod in the Batu - pre-1708. Excavations of the military barracks at Mazepa’s ryn district of Podil, on the flood- manor in 2013. Photo by V. Mezentsev. Residence of Judge General Vasyl Kochubei in Baturyn, late 17th century. Photo by V. Mezentsev. land of the Seim River, uncovered the remnants of wooden structures destruction of Mazepa’s capital. the Ukrainian government will on Wawel Hill in Cracow and at Baturyn’s western edge. He of well-to-do burghers were ex - which were burned by the tsarist fund our scholarly project this the Wilan όw district of Warsaw constructed this church with cavated. Archaeologists found troops in 1708. * * * year. (1696). In my conclusion, the squared oak logs in the late 17 th there: low-denomination Polish For many years, archaeologists For 15 years, the Baturyn proj - The continued support of ar - principal residence of Mazepa in century. It survived the Muscovite silver coins, fragments of refined have excavated the remains of ect has been sponsored by the chaeological research in Baturyn Baturyn was his largest and most onslaught on the hetman capital. plates made from milk-glass and hundreds of buried and unburied Kowalsky Program for the Study and the publication of its findings lavishly embellished secular build - In 1778, Rozumovsky ordered to painted with polychrome plant victims of the Russian assault in of Eastern Ukraine at CIUS, in 2016 by Ukrainian organiza - ing as well as an outstanding dismantle the Presentation Church motifs (likely a Turkish imitation every part of the town and its en - PIMS, and the Ucrainica Research tions, foundations, companies, piece of both the palatial archi - and reassemble it in the neigh - of expensive chinaware), iron and virons. The leading researcher of Institute in Toronto. In 2005-15, and private benefactors in Canada tecture and the ceramic decorative bouring village of Matiivka. Soviet bone buttons, two ceramic gaming the Baturyn necropolis, Yu. Sytyi, the Chernihiv Oblast State Ad - and the United States will be art of the Cossack state. authorities demolished this mon - chips, and shards of terracotta has revealed their graves in several ministration contributed annual much needed and greatly appre - In 2014, our expedition finished ument of wooden Ukrainian folk stove tiles of local production of 17 th -18 th -century cemeteries. subsidies for the excavations at ciated. Canadian citizens are kind - excavating the remnants of a size - architecture in 1933. this time. Archaeological finds In 2014, our expedition exca - Baturyn. ly invited to send their cheques able elongated timber structure Last summer, at Kochubei’s of imported goods testify to the vated 10 graves of the townsfolk The late poetess Volodymyra with donations to: Mr. Orest Ste - (19 by 5 m) which stood at court were also found: five 17 th - broad commercial and cultural from this time at the burial ground Wasylyszyn and her husband, ciw, President, Ucrainica Re - Mazepa’s estate in Honcharivka. 18 th -century Polish and Russian contacts of Baturyn with Northern, of Trinity Cathedral in the fortress. artist Roman Wasylyszyn of search Institute, 9 Plastics Ave., Perhaps this was the military bar - silver and copper coins, two lead Central, and Eastern Europe, as Yu. Sytyi identified the skeletons Philadelphia, the late Dr. Maria Toronto, ON, Canada M8Z 4B6 . musket bullets, two copper but - tons, a costly bronze wedding ring with a gem, two iron belt clasps, a bronze oval plain clasp, and three bronze figured belt ap - pliqués. One of the latter was gilded and broken. These bronze and gilt ornaments were probably manufactured locally for the con - sumption of the Cossack elite at the hetman capital. Two intact belt appliqués were shaped and engraved in the form of a stylized three-petal flower, or lily. They resemble three bronze Bronze ring with gem, figured belt appliqués uncovered Bronze clasp and decorative appliqués from belts of the Pre-1708 bronze ornamental appliqués from belts of 17th or 18th century. among the remnants of the mili - Cossack elite, pre-1708, unearthed at Kochubei’s court Cossack officers, uncovered at the site of the barracks 2015 excavations at the site tary barracks at Mazepa’s manor in 2015. Photo by Yu. Sytyi. at Mazepa’s estate in 2012-13. Photo by V. Mezentsev. of Kochubei’s household. in 2012-13. Consequently, all Photo by Yurii Sytyi. these analogous artifacts can be well as the Islamic East, prior to of two adults and one child Fischer-Slysh of Toronto, and Please make your cheques payable dated to a time preceding the 1708. (Graves Nos. 1, 13, 14) as victims Alexandra Zolobecky-Misiong of to: Ucrainica Research Institute racks, or kurin, that housed either 1708 destruction of Baturyn. In the fortress, three tiny ter - of this massacre. In particular, Livonia, Michigan, have been the (Memo: Baturyn Project) . members of the hetman’s body - Leather belts with such charac - racotta human figures have been the infillings of their grave pits most generous patrons of the American residents are advised guard ( serdiuky ) or Cossack of - teristic bronze decorations were unearthed. The lower parts, arms, included charcoal particles from study of Baturyn. In 2014-15, re - to send their donations: to atten - ficers ( starshyna ) from his retinue. apparently produced for the local and the head of one of them are the 1708 conflagration. Last sum - search on the hetman capital and tion of Mr. Stan Kamski, Treas - At this building were found: silver market and commonplace among broken off. Their body shapes, mer, archaeologists excavated 80 the preparation of publications urer, Pontifical Institute of Me - and copper Polish and Russian Cossack officers and state officials facial features, and head dress graves from the 17 th -18 th centuries was supported with donations diaeval Studies, 59 Queen ’s coins, bronze buttons, a clasp and in Baturyn during the Mazepa were coarsely and naïvely exe - at this cemetery. Some contained from the National Executive of Park Cr. E., Toronto, ON, Cana - four figured belt appliqués with era. cuted . The modelling technique casualties of the 1708 Muscovite the League of Ukrainian Canadi - da M5S 2C4 . Please make your relief floral patterns and engrav - Last year, north of the former of these images shows no influ - attack on Baturyn. The results of ans (Orest Steciw, president), the cheques payable to: Pontifical ings, lead musket and pistol bul - Baturyn fortress, in the market ences of realistic baroque or neo - these field investigations and ex - League of Ukrainian Canadians Institute of Mediaeval Studies lets, iron heel plates for boots, square, Yu. Sytyi’s excavations classical sculpture. amination of exhumed bones by Toronto Branch (Borys (Memo: Baturyn Project). These ceramic tobacco pipes of local unearthed the foundations of an Presumably these rare artifacts specialists in physical anthropol - Mykhaylets, president), the Na - institutes will send official tax manufacture, fragments of Ger - unidentified 18 th -century structure. represent distinctive vernacular tional Executive of the League man glazed tableware and Dutch Its foundation trenches were filled toys created by a local Baturyn of Ukrainian Women in Canada porcelain chibouks and mouth - with broken 17 th -century bricks, potter during the Rozumovsky (Lesia Shymko, president), the pieces from the 17 th -18 th centuries. many of which exhibit fire dam - era. Clay female statuettes from League of Ukrainian Women in On the base of 16 bronze clasps age. This researcher suggests that the 14 th to 18 th centuries have Canada Toronto Branch (Halyna and appliqués unearthed at this these burnt bricks came from the been found in Kyiv, Vyshhorod, Vynnyk, president), the Kniahynia site in 2011-14, the author and S. masonry of St. Nicholas Church. Bila Tserkva, and Baturyn. An Olha Branch of the Ukrainian Dmytriienko have prepared hy - Mazepa donated 4,000 gold coins early modern terracotta anthro - Women’s Association of Canada pothetical computer reconstruc - (zoloti ) for its construction. This pomorphic figurine comparable Fragments of costly milk-glass (Vera Melnyk, president), the tions of five ornamented leather church stood somewhere within to those described above was dis - plates painted with floral motifs, Buduchnist Credit Union Foun - belts of wealthy Cossack officers. the present-day market square covered in the village of Ulanovo, 17th or 18th century. dation (Bob Leshchyshen, presi - Restored 17th-18th-century pot, These could have been the work and probably suffered from the Hlukhiv region, , in 2014 excavations dent; Oksana Prociuk, CEO; and decorated with an ochre design. of artisans from Baturyn or some conflagration of the town in 1708. 2009. In my preliminary analysis, in the Baturyn fortress. Chrystyna Bidiak, personnel man - Excavations near the cemetery other centres of crafts in the Het - Rozumovsky dismantled its ruins toys of this design and technique Photo by Yu. Sytyi. ager), the Prometheus Foundation of the Trinity Cathedral in 2013. Photo by V. Mezentsev. manate. and reused the bricks for his were manufactured in Baturyn, ogy are now being analysed and (Maria Szkambara, president), The Cossack elite was the main buildings. Hlukhiv, and possibly other cen - the conclusions will be published the Ukrainian Credit Union (Taras consumer of expensive local In 2014, in the fortress, east of tres of pottery making in the in June. Pidzamecky, CEO), the Golden receipts to all Canadian and Amer - white-clay tobacco pipes and the site of the Holy Trinity Cathe - Chernihiv and Sumy lands in the The excavations in Baturyn in Lion Restaurant (Anna Kisil, own - ican donors, and they will be those of Dutch porcelain. The dral (1692), which was endowed 18 th -19 th centuries. These pieces 2014-15 have obtained valuable er), and the Healing Source Inte - gratefully acknowledged in related great quantity of such pipes found by Mazepa and burned by the may indicate a revival of ceramic information for locating the 1751 grative Pharmacy (Omelan and publications and public lectures. in the barracks provides additional tsarist forces, remnants of the folk art in Baturyn during its re - hetman residence and the Pres - Zenia Chabursky, owners) in For additional information or argument that its residents be - 17 th -18 th -century storage structures construction by Rozumovsky in entation and St. Nicholas church - Toronto, the Ukrainian Studies questions about the Baturyn proj - longed to the officer class. Thus, es, as well as for the research Fund at Harvard University (Dr. ect, readers may contact this au - the excavations of this edifice and reconstruction of the archi - Roman Procyk, director), and the thor (tel.: 416-766-1408; email: have enriched our knowledge tectural design and embellishment Ukrainian Historical and Educa - [email protected] ). The about the armament, accou - of the Mazepa and Rozumovsky tional Center of New Jersey at researchers of Mazepa’s capital trement, consumption of domestic palaces and personal adornment the Ukrainian Orthodox Church kindly thank the Ukrainian com - and imported goods, the prosper - of the Cossack elite at the hetman of the USA (Natalia Honcharenko, munities in North America for ity, culture, lifestyle and customs court. The latest historical and director). their generous support of this ar - of Cossack officers at Mazepa’s archaeological findings have also Next summer, our Canada- chaeological undertaking during court. demonstrated the vibrancy of the Ukraine archaeological expedition the past 15 years. They believe Yu. Sytyi’s archaeological ex - ecclesiastical and palatial building, will renew the systematic exca - that with your help it will over - plorations in 2014-15 revealed miller’s trade, crafts, applied arts, vations in Baturyn. However, be - come the challenges of these war the site of the Church of the Pres - and international commerce of cause of the current situation in years. entation of the Mother of God the town before 1708. Every year, Ukraine and state budget cuts to near the extant masonry residence Broken 18th-century terracotta human figurines, probably toys, our expedition provides new ar - academic and educational insti - Volodymyr Mezentsev, Ph. D. of Judge General Vasyl Kochubei found in the Baturyn fortress in 2014. Photo by Yu. Sytyi. chaeological evidence of the total tutions there, it is unlikely that CIUS, Toronto