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Volume 1 Y2k “Crisis” Does Not Cause Crisis...... 1 Canadian Parliament Makes Secession Peanuts Comic Strip Retires ...... 5 More Difficult...... 51 United Kingdom Lifts Ban On Gays And PRI Rule Ends In Mexico ...... 54 Lesbians In The Military ...... 7 Organization Of African Unity Moves Hague Court Convicts Bosnian Croats Of 1993 To Establish The African Union ...... 56 Massacre ...... 9 Second Camp David Summit Ends Without Any Alaska Airlines Flight 261 Crashes Because ­Agreements...... 59 Of a Mechanical Failure...... 12 Florida Jury Ordered Tobacco Companies To Endeavour Maps Earth From Space ...... 13 Pay $145 Billion To Florida Smokers In 2000 ������ 62 Spacecraft Orbits, Then Lands On, “Blood Diamonds” Attract World Scrutiny ...... 64 A Near-Earth Asteroid ...... 16 Bridgestone/Firestone Announces Land Reform Sparks Controversy In Zimbabwe ...... 18 Massive Recall ...... 67 FMLN Wins Legislative Elections Russian Submarine Sinks, Killing 118 In El Salvador ...... 20 Crew Members ...... 69 Stephen King Releases the First E-Novel ...... 22 United Nations Holds The Millennium Summit ...... 72 Wade Ends Socialist Dominance In Senegal ...... 24 Gymnast Andreea Răducan Loses Her Hollywood Awards Transgender Portrayals Olympic Gold Medal Because Of Drugs ...... 74 In Film ...... 26 Palestinians Demonstrate Their Anger At Survivor Introduces Audiences to “Reality TV” ...... 28 Israel in The Second Intifada ...... 76 Dot-Com Crash Ends A Historic Slobodan Milosevic Is Overthrown By Speculative Bubble ...... 31 The Serbian People ...... 79 Vermont Gives Legal Status To Same-Sex Large Coal Slurry Spill Pollutes Civil Unions...... 33 Waters In Kentucky­ And West Virginia...... 82 New York Mayor Rudy Giuliani’s Islamicist Terrorists Attack U.S.S. Cole ...... 83 Extramarital ­Affair Is Revealed ...... 35 International Space Station Is Manned ...... 85 ILOVEYOU Virus Attacks Computers ...... 37 Sexual Abuse Of Children In France Leads Former Louisiana Governor Edwin Edwards To The Outreau Scandal ...... 88 Is Convicted On Corruption Charges ...... 40 U.S. Government Funds Everglades Restoration ...... 90 Scientists Release Evidence Of Water On Mars ...... 42 The Supreme Court Orders An End To The Completion Of The Sequencing Of Recount Of Disputed Ballots, Which The Human ­Genome Is Announced ...... 45 Makes George W. Bush The Next President ...... 93 U.S. Supreme Court Holds That First Amendment California Experiences A Painful Rights Of Private Organizations Electricity Crisis ...... 95 Trump Anti-Discrimination­ Laws ...... 48 The Sopranos Is Immensely Popular And Critically Acclaimed ...... 97 xvii

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Killing Of Unarmed African Americans CIA Agent Robert Hanssen Is Arrested By Police Officers­Triggers On Charges Of Spying For Russia...... 165 Mass Protests And Riots ...... 98 The U.S. Experiences A Short European Countries Punish Holocaust Deniers Recession in 2001...... 167 With Prison ­Sentences ...... 105 Ethics Counselor Exonerates Craigslist Continues To Generate Controversy...... 110 Canadian Prime Minister Jean Chrétien­ ...... 170 Cybercrime Becomes Increasingly Common...... 112 Cincinnati Experiences The Largest North American Inflict Urban Riots In The Country Since Catastrophic Economic Consequences On The Los Angeles Riots Of 1992...... 172 Many Regions...... 114 Disappearance Of D.C. Intern Chandra Al-Quada Carries Out Numerous Levy Captures National ­Attention...... 174 Terrorist Attacks During The Early Japanese Human Rights Council Twenty-First Century...... 116 Recommends Lesbian And Gay Rights ...... 176 U.S. Oil Companies Expand Fracking The Economic Growth And Tax Relief And Offshore Drilling...... 119 Reconciliation Act ...... 177 Hate Crime Events In The U.S. Appear Award-Winning Historian Joseph J. Ellis To Have Increased In The Early­ Is Found Guilty Of Lying ...... 179 Twenty-First Century...... 122 Al-Qaeda Terrorists Destroy Towers Children Increasingly Have Access To Of The World Trade Center And The Internet...... 125 Kill Almost 3,000 People...... 181 Decriminalization Of Marijuana Mayor Giuliani Gains National Prestige Advances Rapidly In The United States ...... 127 As A Result Of 9/11...... 185 Athletes And Parents Increasingly Concerned Anthrax Attacks Demonstrate About Concussions In Sports...... 129 The Terrifying Possibilities Of Treatment Of HIV/AIDS Improves During ­Biological Weapons...... 187 The Early Twenty-First Century...... 132 Post 9/11 Terrorist Attacks In The Global Warming Debates And International The United States...... 188 Agreements...... 135 U.S. Combat Mission In Afghanistan U.S. Government Applies Economic Fails To Bring Peace And ­Stability ...... 192 Sanctions Against Iran ...... 138 The U.S. Government Attempts To Fight Cloud Computing Becomes Ubiquitous Terrorism With The USA Patriot Act ...... 198 For Both Individuals And Organizations...... 141 Harry Potter Films Attract Huge Crowds...... 200 Significant Advances Are Made In Cancer American Airlines Changes Training Research...... 142 Program After 251 Passengers Die On Canada And The United States Cooperate Flight 587...... 201 On Defense And Security Issues ...... 145 Enron Bankruptcy Reveals Massive Genetically Modified Foods Become Highly Financial Fraud ...... 202 Controversial...... 148 China Becomes A Member Of The Bush Administration Has Several The World Trade Organization ...... 205 High-Profile Scandals...... 150 Argentina’s Debt Default Is The Largest Wikipedia Provides Free Encyclopedic Information In World History ...... 207 Over The Internet...... 153 Supreme Court Expands The Definition Bill Clinton Agrees To A Plea Bargain Of “Cruel And Unusual ­Punishments”...... 210 For The Crime Of Lying Under Oath...... 155 Germany Legalizes Prostitution The Bush Administration Expands Use Of And Brothels ...... 213 Extraordinary Rendition ...... 158 Historian Stephen E. Ambrose Is Accused Liverpool Children’s Hospital Collects Of Plagiarism ...... 216 Body Parts Without Authorization ...... 161 Globe Reports On Child Sexual Attorney General John Ashcroft Applies Abuse By Roman Catholic Priests ...... 219 Conservative Law-And-Order Policies...... 164 xviii

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U.S. Government Holds Suspected Senator Trent Lott Loses His Job For Praising Terrorists At The Guantánamo Bay Strom Thurmond’s 1948 Dixiecrat Campaign..... 278 Detention Camp ...... 223 E-Books Grow In Popularity...... 280 Historian Doris Kearns Goodwin Is War In Darfur Results In 300,000 Deaths Accused Of Plagiarism ...... 225 And About 3 Million Displaced Persons ...... 283 French Judge Admits Favoring Russian E-Mail Message Prompts Inquiry Into Figure Skaters In Winter Olympics ...... 227 Air Force Academy Sexual Assaults ...... 285 Rotting Human Bodies Are Found At North Korea Tests Nuclear Weapons And Georgia Crematory ...... 230 Long-Range Rockets, Despite UN Sanctions ..... 288 Supreme Court Holds That Execution Of Space Shuttle Columbia Disintegrates A Mentally Retarded Offender Is Cruel When Re-Entering The Earth’s Atmosphere...... 292 And Unusual Punishment...... 232 Rhode Island Fire Causes Over Riots In Gujarat Result In The Deaths Of 100 Deaths...... 293 790 Muslims And 254 Hindus...... 234 Australian Court Validates Job Creation And Worker Assistance Transsexual Marriage ...... 294 Act Provides Economic Stimulus­ U.S. National Security Agency Is Found For Businesses...... 236 To Have Spied On U.N. ­Officials ...... 296 President Hugo Chávez Is Removed From Transsexuals Protest Academic Exploitation ...... 299 Power In Venezuela For 47 Hours ...... 237 Cuba Conducts The “Black Spring” American Idol Was One Of The Most Crackdown On Dissidents...... 301 Successful Shows In ­Television History...... 241 Iraq War: U.S. Coalition Overthrows Saddam Internal Corruption Forces Adelphia Hussein’s Regime But Fails To Bring Communications To Declare Bankruptcy ...... 243 Peace And Stability To Iraq...... 304 Journalist Alleges Release Of Genetically The Da Vinci Code Challenges Traditional Modified Corn Seeds In New Zealand...... 245 Ideas About Jesus And Early Christianity...... 309 Canada Legalizes Same-sex Marriage...... 247 Recognizes Supreme Court Approves Vouchers For Same-sex Civil Unions ...... 311 Private Religious Schools...... 251 New York Times Reporter Jayson Blair Sarbanes-Oxley Act Is Designed To Is Exposed As A Fraud ...... 313 Combat Corporate Fraud...... 252 Roadmap For Peace Initially Inspired Immunologist Resigns After Being Accused Hope But Is Terminated By The Gaza War...... 316 Of Falsifying Research ...... 255 Jobs And Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Inquiry Reveals That Physicist Jan Act Designed To ­Promote Economic Hendrik Schön Faked His ­Research ...... 257 Growth By Reducing Taxes ...... 319 British Politician Reveals Her Affair Nasa’s Two Exploration Rovers Land On With Prime Minister John Major ...... 260 Mars And Send Messages Back To Earth...... 320 Beltway Snipers Terrorize The Greater Flash Mobs Begin As A Playful Assembly Washington Area...... 262 But Become Criminal And Violent Events ...... 321 Murder Of Transgender Teenager Supreme Court Places Limited Restrictions Attracts National Attention ...... 263 On Affirmative Action Programs...... 323 Congress Authorizes The Use Of Supreme Court Rules Texas’ Anti-Sodomy Military Force Against Iraq...... 266 Law Is Unconstitutional ...... 325 At Least 170 People Die In Moscow As A Basketball Star Kobe Bryant Is Accused Consequence Of Chechen Terrorist Attack...... 269 Of Rape ...... 328 Historian Michael A. Bellesiles Resigns Wal-Mart Adds Lesbians And Gays To After Discovery Of ­Scholarly Fraud...... 271 Its Antidiscrimination Policy ...... 330 SARS Epidemic Results In Over 8,000 Columnist Robert Novak Leaks The Reported Cases And 774 Known Deaths...... 274 Name Of Cia Operative ­Valerie Plame ...... 332 Department Of Homeland Security Is The Second Congo War Officially Ends Created In Response To 9/11...... 276 But Vicious Fighting Continues­ ...... 334 xix

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The Great Of 2003 Kills U.N. Report Reveals that Secretary-General More Than 40,000 Europeans And Kofi Annan Dismissed Sexual Harassment Destroys 32 Million Tons Of Grain Harvest...... 337 Charges ��������������������������������������������������������������� 395 Over 50 Million People Are Affected By Supreme Court Insists that Suspected The Northeastern Blackout­ Of 2003...... 340 Terrorists Abroad have Right of Habeas Mutual Fund Companies Are Implicated In Corpus in US Courts ������������������������������������������� 397 Shady Trading Practices ...... 341 Blog “Outs” Antigay Congressman Schwarzenegger Is Elected Governor ...... 344 Edward Schrock ������������������������������������������������� 399 China Becomes The Third Nation To Google’s Trading Debut on the Stock Market Conduct Manned Space Flight...... 346 is Followed by Extraordinary Growth ��������������� 401 California Fire Siege Is The Largest 60 Minutes Ii Reports on George W. Bush’s In The State’s History...... 349 Evasion of Wartime Duty ����������������������������������� 404 Paris Hilton Sex-Tape Appears Political Commentator Bill O’Reilly is On The Web ...... 351 Sued for Sexual ­Harassment ������������������������������ 406 Massachusetts High Court Rules For Insurance Brokerage Marsh & Mclennan Same-sex Marriage �������������������������������������������� 353 is Charged with Fraud ���������������������������������������� 408 President Bush Signs Into Law The George W. Bush Wins The Presidency for Prescription Drug Option ������������������������������������ 357 the Second Time �������������������������������������������������� 410 Senator Strom Thurmond’s Biracial United Kingdom Legalizes Same-Sex Daughter Is Revealed ����������������������������������������� 360 Civil Partnerships ����������������������������������������������� 412 Pop Star Michael Jackson Is Charged Indian Ocean Produces With Child Molestation �������������������������������������� 362 that Kills Over 230,000 People �������������������������� 415 Earthquake In Iran Kills More Iqbal Riza Resigns from the United Nations Than 26,000 People And Leaves in Oil-for-Food Scandal ������������������������������������� 416 75,000 Homeless ������������������������������������������������ 365 Supreme Court Prohibits Capital Punishment Private Military Companies Expand of Juveniles �������������������������������������������������������� 419 During The Iraq War ������������������������������������������� 367 Former Baseball Star Mark McGwire Evades Congressional Questions on Steroid Use ����������� 420 Volume 2 United Kingdom’s Gender Recognition Janet Jackson Shocks Spectators During Act Legalizes Transsexual Marriage ������������������ 423 Halftime of Super Bowl Xxxviii ��������������������� 371 Prince Charles and Camilla Parker Bowles Mel Gibson’s The Passion of the Christ is are Married at Windsor Guildhall ���������������������� 426 Criticized for its Violence and Negative U.S. Air Force Investigates Religious Depiction of Jewish People ��������������������������������� 372 Intolerance at Its Academy ��������������������������������� 428 Former United Way Charity Chief Supreme Court Holds that Eminent Pleads Guilty to Embezzlement ������������������������� 374 Domain Permits Seizure ofProperty to Martha Stewart is Convicted in Promote Economic Development ���������������������� 430 Insider Trading Scandal ������������������������������������� 376 Spain Legalizes Same-Sex Marriage ���������������������� 431 V. Gene Robinson Becomes First Openly Federal Agents Raid Congressman Randall Gay Bishop in Christian History ������������������������ 378 Cunningham’s Home ������������������������������������������ 433 Radical Islamists Commit Numerous President Bush Signs the Energy Terrorist Attacks in Europe ��������������������������������� 381 Policy Act of 2005 ����������������������������������������������� 436 Insurgents in Iraq Kidnap Over 200 Israel Unilaterally Withdraws from the Foreign Hostages ������������������������������������������������ 386 Gaza Strip and Parts of the West Bank ��������������� 437 Over 800,000 People Participate in the Government Incompetence Impairs March for Women’s Lives ����������������������������������� 387 Hurricane Katrina Relief Efforts ������������������������ 441 Cbs Broadcasts Photos of Abused and Fear of Hurricane Rita Causes the Tortured Prisoners at Abu Ghraib in Iraq ������������ 388 Largest Evacuation in US History ����������������������� 444 Transsexual Athletes Allowed to Compete John Roberts Becomes the Seventeenth in Olympic Games ��������������������������������������������� 392 Chief Justice of the Supreme Court �������������������� 445 xx

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Danish Newspaper’s Prophet Muhammad Honeybee Population Decreases Cartoons Stir Violent Protests ���������������������������� 447 Rapidly without Explanation ����������������������������� 502 Kashmir Earthquake Kills 80,000 People Saddam Hussein Is Found Guilty and Executed ������ 503 and Leaves 4 Million Homeless ������������������������� 449 Ayaan Hirsi Ali Begins a Foundation Liberian Workers Sue Bridgestone to Oppose Oppression of Women in the Firestone over Slave Labor Conditions ��������������� 452 Islamic World ������������������������������������������������������ 506 Roman Catholic Church Bans Nancy Pelosi Becomes the First Woman Gay Seminarians ������������������������������������������������ 455 to Serve as Speaker of The House of Somali Piracy a Threat to Commerce ���������������������� 457 Representatives ��������������������������������������������������� 510 Samuel Alito’s Confirmation Makes the Apple Computer Changes its Name to Supreme Court more Conservative �������������������� 459 Apple Inc. ������������������������������������������������������������ 512 Brokeback Mountain, Capote, and Washington Post Exposes Decline of Transamerica Receive Oscars ���������������������������� 461 Walter Reed Army Hospital ������������������������������� 515 Former Lobbyist Jack Abramoff Goes to Supreme Court Upholds the Authority of Prison for Fraud and Corruption ������������������������� 463 the Epa to Regulate Greenhouse Emissions ������ 518 Duke Lacrosse Players are Falsely Shock Jock Don Imus Loses His Radio Accused of Gang Rape ��������������������������������������� 464 Show over Sexist and Racist Remarks ��������������� 520 Media Uncover Match-Fixing in Virginia Tech Shooting Rampage Results Italian Soccer ������������������������������������������������������ 467 in 33 Deaths �������������������������������������������������������� 522 Scientist Is Indicted for Faking His Supreme Court Upholds Federal Law Research on Creating Stem Cells ����������������������� 469 that Prohibits Partial-Birth Abortions ����������������� 523 Manufacturer Recalls Pet Food from Supreme Court Approves of Police China that Killed Thousands of Ending High-Speed Chase by Causing American Pets ����������������������������������������������������� 471 the Fleeing Car to Crash ������������������������������������� 525 Supreme Court Upholds Insanity Supreme Court Rules that Students Defense Law that only Permits Cannot be Assigned to Particular Consideration of Defendant’s Ability Schools to Achieve Racial Balance ��������������������� 527 to Distinguish Right from Wrong ������������������������ 474 Senator David Vitter’s Name Is New York Times Exposes Grading Scandal Found in D.c. Madam’s Address Book �������������� 529 at Auburn University ������������������������������������������ 476 University of Colorado Fires Tour De France is Hit with a Professor Ward Churchill for Doping Scandal �������������������������������������������������� 478 Plagiarism and Research Falsification ��������������� 532 Actor Mel Gibson is Caught Making Subprime Mortgage Crisis Brings Anti-Semitic Remarks ����������������������������������������� 480 Down the Housing Market ���������������������������������� 534 Novelist Günter Grass Admits to The Collapse of a Minneapolis Youthful Nazi Ties ���������������������������������������������� 482 Bridge is Symptomatic of the Newsweek Reveals that Hewlett-Packard Nation’s Aging Infrastructure ������������������������������ 538 Spied on its Own Board ������������������������������������� 485 Football Star Michael Vick Pleads Congressman Mark Foley Resigns in Sex Guilty to Financing a Dogfighting Ring ������������ 539 Scandal Involving a Teenage Page ��������������������� 488 New England Patriots Football Team Wikileaks Exposes Embarrassing Secrets is Fined for Spying on Other Teams ������������������� 541 of The U.S. Government and Others ������������������� 490 President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad President Bush Signs a Bill To Build A Defends Islamicist Policies in a Talk “Secure Fence” Along the Mexican Border �������� 493 at Columbia University �������������������������������������� 543 Male Escort Reveals Sexual Liaisons with Olympic Champion Marion Jones Evangelist Ted Haggard ������������������������������������� 495 Admits Steroid use ���������������������������������������������� 547 News Corp Abandons Plan to Publish The United States Suffers its Worst O. J. Simpson’s Book ������������������������������������������ 497 Recession Since World War ii ���������������������������� 549 Former Russian Security Service Officer Former Prime Minister of Pakistan, Dies from Radiation Poisoning �������������������������� 499 Benazir Bhutto, is Assassinated �������������������������� 553 xxi

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Hurricane Ike Causes Huge Oil Spill Tea Party Movement Campaigns for Lower in the Gulf of Mexico ������������������������������������������ 555 Taxes and Less Government ������������������������������� 612 Barack Obama Defeats Hillary Clinton New Strain of Swine Flu Does not Kill as in Presidential Primaries and Caucuses ������������� 556 Many People as Originally Feared ���������������������� 616 Kosovo Declares Independence from Serbia ����������� 559 Washington Becomes the Second State Raúl Castro Officially Becomes President to Legalize Physician-Assisted Dying ���������������� 617 of Cuba ���������������������������������������������������������������� 562 Bernard Madoff Pleads Guilty to New York Governor Eliot Spitzer Resigns Defrauding Investors ������������������������������������������ 619 in Prostitution Scandal ��������������������������������������� 565 Earthquake in Central Italy Kills 309 Top Court Allows Use of Controversial and Leaves 65,000 Homeless ������������������������������ 621 Drug Cocktail in Executions ������������������������������� 567 Sonia Sotomayor Becomes the First Hispanic Supreme Court Upholds Voting Requirement Justice to Sit on The US Supreme Court ������������ 623 of a Picture ID ����������������������������������������������������� 569 Supreme Court Rules that Strip Search Earthquake in China Kills More than 80,000 of Middle-School Student Violates the People and Leaves 5 Million Homeless �������������� 571 Fourth Amendment ��������������������������������������������� 626 Supreme Court Forces The US Government Tiger Woods Crashes his Car While to Respect Minimum Legal Rights of Fleeing from his Angry Wife ����������������������������� 628 Detainees at Guantánamo ������������������������������������ 573 Massive Earthquake in Haiti Supreme Court Holds the Second Kills Over 220,000 ��������������������������������������������� 630 Amendment Protects a Personal Right Supreme Court Rules that Corporations to Keep and Bear Arms ��������������������������������������� 575 and Labor Unions have a First Amendment Pickens’ Plan Calls for Reduction on Right to Make Independent Political U.S. Dependency on Foreign Oil ������������������������ 577 Expenditures ������������������������������������������������������� 632 John Edwards’ Extramarital Affair Obamacare Expands the Number of Ends his Political Career ������������������������������������� 578 Insured Persons but Fails to Make Russia’s Invasion of South Ossetia Begins Medical Care Affordable ������������������������������������ 635 the Russo-Georgian War of Five Days ��������������� 580 Presidents Obama and Medvedev Sign a Financial Institutions and Markets New Nuclar Arms Reduction Treaty ������������������� 638 Begin to Collapse ������������������������������������������������ 584 Earthquake in China Results in 2,700 President Bush Signs the Emergency Deaths and Over 100,000 Homeless ������������������� 641 Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 ������������������ 587 Deepwater Horizon Blowout Causes the Barack Obama Becomes the First African Largest Oil Spill in History ��������������������������������� 642 American to be Elected President of Supreme Court Rules that Juveniles The United States ������������������������������������������������ 589 Cannot be Sentenced to Life Imprisonment Terrorists Kill 176 People in Mumbai (Bombay) ���� 593 Without Parole for a Non-Homicide Crime �������� 645 US Government Helps Automobile Supreme Court Rules that a Criminal Manufacturers Survive a Major Downturn ��������� 596 Suspect Must Explicitly and Unambiguously O.J. Simpson is Sentenced from 9 To 33 Articulate Miranda Rights ����������������������������������� 647 Years in Prison for Armed Robbery �������������������� 598 Supreme Court Upholds University’s Federal Reserve Slashes its Key Interest Requirement that Religious Groups Rate to Near Zero ������������������������������������������������ 600 Must Accept Anyone Wishing to Join ����������������� 648 The Gaza War Collapses the Supreme Court Rules that State and Local Roadmap to Peace ���������������������������������������������� 603 Governments May not Abridge the Skillful Piloting by “Sully” Prevents Right to Keep and Bear Arms ����������������������������� 650 a Tragedy ������������������������������������������������������������� 606 President Obama Signs into Law the President Obama Prohibits Waterboarding Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and but Decides not to Prosecute­ those who Consumer Protection Act ������������������������������������ 652 Practiced it ����������������������������������������������������������� 607 Elena Kagan Replaces Justice President Obama Signs the American John Paul Stevens on the US Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 ����������� 610 Supreme Court ���������������������������������������������������� 655 xxii

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Former Governor Rod Blagojevich is Volume 3 Found Guilty of 18 Criminal Counts ������������������ 657 Military Leaders Overthrow the Democratically Chinese Dissident Liu Xiaobo is Awarded Elected President of Mali ������������������������������������ 713 the Nobel Peace Prize While in Prison ��������������� 658 Supreme Court Strikes Down Arizona’s 33 Chilean Miners are Rescued at the Immigration Laws ����������������������������������������������� 716 Copiapó Mine ������������������������������������������������������ 661 Penn State Football Coach Jerry Sandusky Association of Community Organizations for is Found Guilty of Child Sex Abuse ������������������ 718 Reform Now (Acorn) Declares Bankruptcy ������� 664 Supreme Court Upholds “Individual President Obama Signs the Repeal of Mandate” in ACA ����������������������������������������������� 719 Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell ������������������������������������������ 667 Saudi Dissident is Sentenced to 10 Years Popular Uprising in Egypt Forces Imprisonment and 1,000 Lashes for Hosni Mubarak to Resign ����������������������������������� 669 Criticisms of Islam �������������������������������������������� 722 The Last Major Component of the U.S. Ambassador Killed in Benghazi ���������������������� 725 International Space Station is Installed ��������������� 671 Hurricane Sandy Kills 159 Americans Supreme Court Defends Right to and Wreaks Havoc along the Conduct Anti-Gay Picket During East Coast ������������������������������������������������������������ 728 Funeral of Marine Who Died in Iraq War ����������� 674 President Barack Obama is Reelected to Great Earthquake and Tsunami in Serve a Second Term ������������������������������������������ 730 Japan Kills 15,894 People and Causes President Obama Signs American Meltdowns of Power Plants �������������������������������� 676 Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 ������������������������������� 733 Syrian Civil War Kills Over 470,000 Pope Benedict XVI Resigns ����������������������������������� 736 People and Displaces More Than Six Venezuelan President Maduro and a Half Million ���������������������������������������������� 678 Becomes Increasingly Authoritarian as Nato-Led Coalition Intervenes in the Economy Worsens ���������������������������������������� 738 the Libyan Conflict ���������������������������������������������� 683 Supreme Court Rules Police Need a Warrant Osama bin Laden is Killed by a Team before using a Dog to Sniff a Home ������������������ 741 of U.S. Navy Seals ���������������������������������������������� 686 Collapse of a Bangladesh Factory Head of the International Monetary Fund Building Kills More Than 1,100 People ������������� 742 Resigns After Being Charged with Rape ������������ 689 Irs Official Pleads the Fifth ������������������������������������ 744 Oprah Winfrey Broadcasts her The Moynihan Report on the Black Final Talk Show �������������������������������������������������� 692 Family is Revisited ���������������������������������������������� 748 Supreme Court Rejects Class-Action Supreme Court Rules a Key Provision of the Sex-Discrimination Lawsuit Voting Rights Act is Unconstitutional ���������������� 749 Against Wal-Mart ����������������������������������������������� 693 Supreme Court Holds that South Sudan Becomes Independent Federal Government Must Recognize but the Country is Soon Engaged in All Marriages Approved by a State ��������������������� 751 Another Civil War ���������������������������������������������� 695 General Abdel Fatah El-Sisi East Asian Agreement on Preliminary Overthrows the Government of Guidelines to Resolve South China ­President Mohamed Morsi ��������������������������������� 753 Sea Disputes Fails to End Rival Claims �������������� 698 “Black Lives Matter” Protests Mistreatment Norwegian Terrorist Murders 77 People of African Americans by the Police �������������������� 755 with the Goal of Saving Europe from The City of Files for Islamic Dominance ��������������������������������������������� 701 Municipal Bankruptcy ����������������������������������������� 759 Police Killing of a Young Black Man Julius Malema Organizes the Economic in London Causes Violent Riots in Freedom Fighters of South Africa ���������������������� 762 Cities Throughout England ��������������������������������� 704 Russia Annexes Crimea and Supports Military Occupy Wall Street Movement Begins Incursions into ­Ukrainian Territory ��������������������� 765 in Zuccotti Park ��������������������������������������������������� 706 Boko Haram Kidnaps 276 Schoolgirls in Libyan Dictator Muammar Al-Kaddafi Chibok, Nigeria ��������������������������������������������������� 768 is Killed During the Civil War ���������������������������� 709 xxiii

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Supreme Court Upholds Constitutional Hurricane Joaquin Slams into the Bans on Preferences Based on Race, Caribbean, Killing 34 People and Ethnicity, or Sex �������������������������������������������������� 770 Causing $64 Million in Damage ������������������������� 818 The Islamic State of Iraq and the Michigan Governor Declares a State of Levant Declares an Islamic Caliphate­ ����������������� 772 Emergency in the City of Flint The Supreme Court Decides that Because of Water Contamination ������������������������ 820 Closely-Held Corporations May Disregard Mexican Drug Lord Joaquín Guzmán is Some Legal Mandates that Violate Owners’ Captured for the Third Time ������������������������������ 823 Religious Beliefs ������������������������������������������������ 775 Public Policies Disallowing Transgender Ebola Outbreak Kills at Least 11,310 People People to Use Public Bathrooms in West Africa ������������������������������������������������������ 777 Generate a of Controversy ������������������ 825 Citizens of Scotland Vote to Stay in the Armenians And Azerbaijanis Fight United Kingdom �������������������������������������������������� 780 A Four-Day War in Nagorno-Karabakh ������������� 829 United States Organizes a Large Global Massive Wildfire in Alberta Forces the Coalition to Counter the Islamic State Evacuation of Over 90,000 Residents ���������������� 832 of Iraq and the Levant ����������������������������������������� 782 Takata Airbag Recall Becomes the Largest The Canadian Supreme Court Grants Safety Recall in Automotive History ������������������ 833 Grievously Ill Canadians the Right to United Nations Reports a Record Physician-Assisted Suicide ��������������������������������� 785 Number of Displaced Persons ����������������������������� 836 Outbreaks of the Zika Virus Spread Supreme Court Upholds Racial Preferences Throughout Much of the ­Americas �������������������� 788 in University Admissions Policies ���������������������� 838 Somali Al-Shabaab Militants Kill 147 People British Citizens Vote to Leave the at a Kenyan University­ ��������������������������������������� 791 European Union �������������������������������������������������� 840 Nepal Earthquake Kills 9,000 and Supreme Court Strikes Down Leaves 3.5 Million Homeless ����������������������������� 793 Strict Requirements for Supreme Court Endorses Disparate Impact Abortion Clinics �������������������������������������������������� 843 Paradigm for Government-Supported Supreme Court Upholds Ban on Gun Housing Projects ������������������������������������������������� 795 Ownership By A Person Found Guilty Supreme Court Broadly Interprets a Key of Domestic Violence ������������������������������������������ 845 Provision of Obamacare �������������������������������������� 797 Attempted Coup D’état in Turkey Results Supreme Court Holds that All States in 300 Deaths and 6,000 Detentions ������������������ 847 Must Provide Equal Rights for Engineer for Volkswagen Pleads Guilty Same-Sex Marriages ������������������������������������������� 798 to Violation of the Clean Air Act ������������������������� 849 High Court Permits Use of Trump is Elected President of the USA ������������������� 853 Controversial Chemical in Carrying Out the Death Penalty ���������������������������������������� 801 Greece is the First Developed Country Appendixes Unable to Make an Imf Loan Repayment ��������� 803 Significant Persons �������������������������������������������������� 861 International Agreement Reached on Bibliography...... 907 Iran’s ­Nuclear Program ��������������������������������������� 806 Web Resources by Topic ������������������������������������������ 979 The United States Re-Establishes Chronological List Of The Most Diplomatic Relations With Cuba ������������������������ 811 Important Events ������������������������������������������������� 989 Chancellor Angela Merkel Invites an Unlimited Number of Refugees Into Germany �������������������� 813 Indexes Scientists Observe Gravitational Waves Category Index ��������������������������������������������������������� 995 for the First Time ������������������������������������������������� 816 Subject Index ��������������������������������������������������������� 1017

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33 Chilean Miners are Rescued at the Australian Court Validates Copiapó Mine ������������������������������������������������������ 661 Transsexual Marriage ...... 294 60 Minutes Ii Reports on George W. Bush’s Award-Winning Historian Joseph J. Ellis Evasion of Wartime Duty ����������������������������������� 404 Is Found Guilty Of Lying ...... 179 Actor Mel Gibson is Caught Making Ayaan Hirsi Ali Begins a Foundation Anti-Semitic Remarks ����������������������������������������� 480 to Oppose Oppression of Women in the Al-Qaeda Terrorists Destroy Towers Islamic World ������������������������������������������������������ 506 Of The World Trade Center And Barack Obama Becomes the First African Kill Almost 3,000 People...... 181 American to be Elected President of Al-Quada Carries Out Numerous The United States ������������������������������������������������ 589 Terrorist Attacks During The Early Barack Obama Defeats Hillary Clinton Twenty-First Century...... 116 in Presidential Primaries and Caucuses ������������� 556 Alaska Airlines Flight 261 Crashes Because Basketball Star Kobe Bryant Is Accused Of a Mechanical Failure...... 12 Of Rape ...... 328 American Airlines Changes Training Beltway Snipers Terrorize The Greater Program After 251 Passengers Die On Washington Area...... 262 Flight 587...... 201 Bernard Madoff Pleads Guilty to American Idol Was One Of The Most Defrauding Investors ������������������������������������������ 619 Successful Shows In ­Television History...... 241 Bill Clinton Agrees To A Plea Bargain Anthrax Attacks Demonstrate The Terrifying For The Crime Of Lying Under Oath...... 155 Possibilities Of ­Biological Weapons...... 187 “Black Lives Matter” Protests Mistreatment Apple Computer Changes its Name to of African Americans by the Police �������������������� 755 Apple Inc. ������������������������������������������������������������ 512 “Blood Diamonds” Attract World Scrutiny ...... 64 Argentina’s Debt Default Is The Largest Blog “Outs” Antigay Congressman In World History ...... 207 Edward Schrock ������������������������������������������������� 399 Armenians And Azerbaijanis Fight Boko Haram Kidnaps 276 Schoolgirls in A Four-Day War in Nagorno-Karabakh ������������� 829 Chibok, Nigeria ��������������������������������������������������� 768 Association of Community Organizations for Boston Globe Reports On Child Sexual Reform Now (Acorn) Declares Bankruptcy ������� 664 Abuse By Roman Catholic Priests ...... 219 At Least 170 People Die In Moscow As A Bridgestone/Firestone Announces Consequence Of Chechen Terrorist Attack...... 269 Massive Recall ...... 67 Athletes And Parents Increasingly Concerned British Citizens Vote to Leave the About Concussions In Sports...... 129 European Union �������������������������������������������������� 840 Attempted Coup D’état in Turkey Results British Politician Reveals Her Affair in 300 Deaths and 6,000 Detentions ������������������ 847 With Prime Minister John Major ...... 260 Attorney General John Ashcroft Applies Brokeback Mountain, Capote, and Conservative Law-And-Order Policies...... 164 Transamerica Receive Oscars ���������������������������� 461 xxv

Great Events_Vol-1_FM.indd 25 4/13/17 4:51 PM The Twenty-First Century, 2000-2016

Buenos Aires Recognizes Congress Authorizes The Use Of Same-sex Civil Unions ...... 311 Military Force Against Iraq...... 266 The Bush Administration Expands Use Of Congressman Mark Foley Resigns in Sex Extraordinary Rendition ...... 158 Scandal Involving a Teenage Page ��������������������� 488 The Bush Administration Has Several Craigslist Continues To Generate Controversy...... 110 High-Profile Scandals...... 150 Cuba Conducts The “Black Spring” California Experiences A Painful Electricity Crisis ... 95 Crackdown On Dissidents...... 301 California Fire Siege Is The Largest Wildfire Cybercrime Becomes Increasingly Common...... 112 In The State’s History...... 349 The Da Vinci Code Challenges Traditional Canada And The United States Cooperate Ideas About Jesus And Early Christianity...... 309 On Defense And Security Issues ...... 145 Danish Newspaper’s Prophet Muhammad Canada Legalizes Same-sex Marriage...... 247 Cartoons Stir Violent Protests ���������������������������� 447 Canadian Parliament Makes Quebec Secession Decriminalization Of Marijuana More Difficult...... 51 Advances Rapidly In The United States ...... 127 The Canadian Supreme Court Grants Deepwater Horizon Blowout Causes the Grievously Ill Canadians the Right to Largest Oil Spill in History ��������������������������������� 642 Physician-Assisted Suicide ��������������������������������� 785 Department Of Homeland Security Is Cbs Broadcasts Photos of Abused and Created In Response To 9/11...... 276 Tortured Prisoners at Abu Ghraib in Iraq ������������ 388 Disappearance Of D.C. Intern Chandra Chancellor Angela Merkel Invites an Unlimited Levy Captures National ­Attention...... 174 Number of Refugees Into Germany �������������������� 813 Dot-Com Crash Ends A Historic Children Increasingly Have Access To Speculative Bubble ...... 31 The Internet...... 125 Duke Lacrosse Players are Falsely China Becomes A Member Of Accused of Gang Rape ��������������������������������������� 464 The World Trade Organization ...... 205 E-Books Grow In Popularity...... 280 China Becomes The Third Nation To E-Mail Message Prompts Inquiry Into Conduct Manned Space Flight...... 346 Air Force Academy Sexual Assaults ...... 285 Chinese Dissident Liu Xiaobo is Awarded Earthquake in Central Italy Kills 309 the Nobel Peace Prize While in Prison ��������������� 658 and Leaves 65,000 Homeless ������������������������������ 621 CIA Agent Robert Hanssen Is Arrested Earthquake in China Kills More than 80,000 On Charges Of Spying For Russia...... 165 People and Leaves 5 Million Homeless �������������� 571 Cincinnati Experiences The Largest Earthquake in China Results in 2,700 Urban Riots In The Country Since Deaths and Over 100,000 Homeless ������������������� 641 The Los Angeles Riots Of 1992...... 172 Earthquake In Iran Kills More Citizens of Scotland Vote to Stay in the Than 26,000 People And Leaves United Kingdom �������������������������������������������������� 780 75,000 Homeless ������������������������������������������������ 365 The City of Detroit Files for East Asian Agreement on Preliminary Municipal Bankruptcy ����������������������������������������� 759 Guidelines to Resolve South China Cloud Computing Becomes Ubiquitous Sea Disputes Fails to End Rival Claims �������������� 698 For Both Individuals And Organizations...... 141 Ebola Outbreak Kills at Least 11,310 People Collapse of a Bangladesh Factory in West Africa ������������������������������������������������������ 777 Building Kills More Than 1,100 People ������������� 742 The Economic Growth And Tax Relief The Collapse of a Minneapolis Reconciliation Act ...... 177 Bridge is Symptomatic of the Elena Kagan Replaces Justice Nation’s Aging Infrastructure ������������������������������ 538 John Paul Stevens on the US Columnist Robert Novak Leaks The Supreme Court ���������������������������������������������������� 655 Name Of Cia Operative ­Valerie Plame ...... 332 Endeavour Maps Earth From Space ...... 13 Completion Of The Sequencing Of Engineer for Volkswagen Pleads Guilty The Human ­Genome Is Announced ...... 45 to Violation of the Clean Air Act ������������������������� 849

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Enron Bankruptcy Reveals Massive The Global Warming Debates And International Financial Fraud ...... 202 Agreements...... 135 Ethics Counselor Exonerates Google’s Trading Debut on the Stock Market Canadian Prime Minister Jean Chrétien­ ...... 170 is Followed by Extraordinary Growth ��������������� 401 European Countries Punish Holocaust Deniers Government Incompetence Impairs With Prison ­Sentences ...... 105 Hurricane Katrina Relief Efforts ������������������������ 441 Fear of Hurricane Rita Causes the Great Earthquake and Tsunami in Largest Evacuation in US History ����������������������� 444 Japan Kills 15,894 People and Causes Federal Agents Raid Congressman Randall Meltdowns of Power Plants �������������������������������� 676 Cunningham’s Home ������������������������������������������ 433 The Great Heat Wave Of 2003 Kills Federal Reserve Slashes its Key Interest More Than 40,000 Europeans And Rate to Near Zero ������������������������������������������������ 600 Destroys 32 Million Tons Of Grain Harvest...... 337 Financial Institutions and Markets Greece is the First Developed Country Begin to Collapse ������������������������������������������������ 584 Unable to Make an Imf Loan Repayment ��������� 803 Flash Mobs Begin As A Playful Assembly Gymnast Andreea Răducan Loses Her But Become Criminal And Violent Events ...... 321 Olympic Gold Medal Because Of Drugs ...... 74 Florida Jury Ordered Tobacco Companies To Hague Court Convicts Bosnian Croats Of 1993 Pay $145 Billion To Florida Smokers In 2000 ������ 62 Massacre ...... 9 FMLN Wins Legislative Elections Harry Potter Films Attract Huge Crowds...... 200 In El Salvador ...... 20 Hate Crime Events In The U.S. Appear Football Star Michael Vick Pleads To Have Increased In The Early­ Guilty to Financing a Dogfighting Ring ������������ 539 Twenty-First Century...... 122 Former Baseball Star Mark McGwire Evades Head of the International Congressional Questions on Steroid Use ����������� 420 Monetary Fund Resigns After Being Former Governor Rod Blagojevich is Charged with Rape ���������������������������������������������� 689 Found Guilty of 18 Criminal Counts ������������������ 657 High Court Permits Use of Former Lobbyist Jack Abramoff Goes to Controversial Chemical in Carrying Prison for Fraud and Corruption ������������������������� 463 Out the Death Penalty ���������������������������������������� 801 Former Louisiana Governor Edwin Edwards Historian Doris Kearns Goodwin Is Is Convicted On Corruption Charges ...... 40 Accused Of Plagiarism ...... 225 Former Prime Minister of Pakistan, Historian Michael A. Bellesiles Resigns Benazir Bhutto, is Assassinated �������������������������� 553 After Discovery Of ­Scholarly Fraud...... 271 Former Russian Security Service Officer Historian Stephen E. Ambrose Is Accused Dies from Radiation Poisoning �������������������������� 499 Of Plagiarism ...... 216 Former United Way Charity Chief Hollywood Awards Transgender Portrayals Pleads Guilty to Embezzlement ������������������������� 374 In Film ...... 26 French Judge Admits Favoring Russian Honeybee Population Decreases Figure Skaters In Winter Olympics ...... 227 Rapidly without Explanation ����������������������������� 502 The Gaza War Collapses the Hurricane Ike Causes Huge Oil Spill Roadmap to Peace ���������������������������������������������� 603 in the Gulf of Mexico ������������������������������������������ 555 General Abdel Fatah El-Sisi Hurricane Joaquin Slams into the Overthrows the Government of Caribbean, Killing 34 People and ­President Mohamed Morsi ��������������������������������� 753 Causing $64 Million in Damage ������������������������� 818 Genetically Modified Foods Become Highly Hurricane Sandy Kills 159 Americans Controversial...... 148 and Wreaks Havoc along the George W. Bush Wins The Presidency for East Coast ������������������������������������������������������������ 728 the Second Time �������������������������������������������������� 410 I LOVE YOU Virus Attacks Computers ...... 37 Germany Legalizes Prostitution Immunologist Resigns After Being Accused And Brothels ...... 213 Of Falsifying Research ...... 255

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Indian Ocean Earthquake Produces Tsunami Large Coal Slurry Spill Pollutes that Kills Over 230,000 People �������������������������� 415 Waters In Kentucky­ And West Virginia...... 82 Inquiry Reveals That Physicist Jan The Last Major Component of the Hendrik Schön Faked His ­Research ...... 257 International Space Station is Installed ��������������� 671 Insurance Brokerage Marsh & Mclennan Liberian Workers Sue Bridgestone is Charged with Fraud ���������������������������������������� 408 Firestone over Slave Labor Conditions ��������������� 452 Insurgents in Iraq Kidnap Over 200 Libyan Dictator Muammar Al-Kaddafi Foreign Hostages ������������������������������������������������ 386 is Killed During the Civil War ���������������������������� 709 Internal Corruption Forces Adelphia Liverpool Children’s Hospital Collects Communications To Declare Bankruptcy ...... 243 Body Parts Without Authorization ...... 161 International Agreement Reached on Male Escort Reveals Sexual Liaisons with Iran’s ­Nuclear Program ��������������������������������������� 806 Evangelist Ted Haggard ������������������������������������� 495 International Space Station Is Manned ...... 85 Manufacturer Recalls Pet Food from Iqbal Riza Resigns from the United Nations China that Killed Thousands of in Oil-for-Food Scandal ������������������������������������� 416 American Pets ����������������������������������������������������� 471 Iraq War: U.S. Coalition Overthrows Saddam Martha Stewart is Convicted in Hussein’s Regime But Fails To Bring Insider Trading Scandal ������������������������������������� 376 Peace And Stability To Iraq...... 304 Massachusetts High Court Rules For Irs Official Pleads the Fifth ������������������������������������ 744 Same-sex Marriage �������������������������������������������� 353 The Islamic State of Iraq and the Massive Earthquake in Haiti Levant Declares an Islamic Caliphate­ ����������������� 772 Kills Over 220,000 ��������������������������������������������� 630 Islamicist Terrorists Attack U.S.S. Cole ...... 83 Massive Wildfire in Alberta Forces the Israel Unilaterally Withdraws from the Evacuation of Over 90,000 Residents ���������������� 832 Gaza Strip and Parts of the West Bank ��������������� 437 Mayor Giuliani Gains National Prestige Janet Jackson Shocks Spectators During As A Result Of 9/11...... 185 Halftime of Super Bowl Xxxviii ��������������������� 371 Media Uncover Match-Fixing in Japanese Human Rights Council Italian Soccer ������������������������������������������������������ 467 Recommends Lesbian And Gay Rights ...... 176 Mel Gibson’s The Passion of the Christ is Job Creation And Worker Assistance Criticized for its Violence and Negative Act Provides Economic Stimulus­ Depiction of Jewish People ��������������������������������� 372 For Businesses...... 236 Mexican Drug Lord Joaquín Guzmán is Jobs And Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Captured for the Third Time ������������������������������ 823 Act Designed To ­Promote Economic Michigan Governor Declares a State of Growth By Reducing Taxes ...... 319 Emergency in the City of Flint John Edwards’ Extramarital Affair Because of Water Contamination ������������������������ 820 Ends his Political Career ������������������������������������� 578 Military Leaders Overthrow the Democratically John Roberts Becomes the Seventeenth Elected President of Mali ������������������������������������ 713 Chief Justice of the Supreme Court �������������������� 445 The Moynihan Report on the Black Journalist Alleges Release Of Genetically Family is Revisited ���������������������������������������������� 748 Modified Corn Seeds In New Zealand...... 245 Murder Of Transgender Teenager Julius Malema Organizes the Economic Attracts National Attention ...... 263 Freedom Fighters of South Africa ���������������������� 762 Mutual Fund Companies Are Implicated In Kashmir Earthquake Kills 80,000 People Shady Trading Practices ...... 341 and Leaves 4 Million Homeless ������������������������� 449 Nancy Pelosi Becomes the First Woman Killing Of Unarmed African Americans to Serve as Speaker of The House of By Police Officers­Triggers Representatives ��������������������������������������������������� 510 Mass Protests And Riots ...... 98 Nasa’s Two Exploration Rovers Land On Kosovo Declares Independence from Serbia ����������� 559 Mars And Send Messages Back To Earth...... 320 Land Reform Sparks Controversy Nato-Led Coalition Intervenes in In Zimbabwe ...... 18 the Libyan Conflict ���������������������������������������������� 683 xxviii

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Nepal Earthquake Kills 9,000 and Palestinians Demonstrate Their Anger At Leaves 3.5 Million Homeless ����������������������������� 793 Israel in The Second Intifada ...... 76 New England Patriots Football Team Paris Hilton Sex-Tape Appears is Fined for Spying on Other Teams ������������������� 541 On The Web ...... 351 New Strain of Swine Flu Does not Kill as Peanuts Comic Strip Retires ...... 5 Many People as Originally Feared ���������������������� 616 Penn State Football Coach Jerry Sandusky New York Governor Eliot Spitzer Resigns is Found Guilty of Child Sex Abuse ������������������ 718 in Prostitution Scandal ��������������������������������������� 565 Pickens’ Plan Calls for Reduction on New York Mayor Rudy Giuliani’s U.S. Dependency on Foreign Oil ������������������������ 577 Extramarital ­Affair Is Revealed ...... 35 Police Killing of a Young Black Man New York Times Exposes Grading Scandal in London Causes Violent Riots in at Auburn University ������������������������������������������ 476 Cities Throughout England ��������������������������������� 704 New York Times Reporter Jayson Blair Political Commentator Bill O’Reilly is Is Exposed As A Fraud ...... 313 Sued for Sexual ­Harassment ������������������������������ 406 News Corp Abandons Plan to Publish Pop Star Michael Jackson Is Charged O. J. Simpson’s Book ������������������������������������������ 497 With Child Molestation �������������������������������������� 362 Newsweek Reveals that Hewlett-Packard Pope Benedict XVI Resigns ����������������������������������� 736 Spied on its Own Board ������������������������������������� 485 Popular Uprising in Egypt Forces North American Droughts Inflict Hosni Mubarak to Resign ����������������������������������� 669 Catastrophic Economic Consequences On Post 9/11 Terrorist Attacks In Many Regions...... 114 The United States...... 188 North Korea Tests Nuclear Weapons And President Barack Obama is Reelected to Long-Range Rockets, Despite Serve a Second Term ������������������������������������������ 730 UN Sanctions ...... 288 President Bush Signs a Bill To Build A Norwegian Terrorist Murders 77 People “Secure Fence” Along the Mexican Border �������� 493 with the Goal of Saving Europe from President Bush Signs Into Law The Islamic Dominance ��������������������������������������������� 701 Prescription Drug Option ������������������������������������ 357 Novelist Günter Grass Admits to President Bush Signs the Emergency Youthful Nazi Ties ���������������������������������������������� 482 Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 ������������������ 587 O.J. Simpson is Sentenced from 9 To 33 President Bush Signs the Energy Years in Prison for Armed Robbery �������������������� 598 Policy Act of 2005 ����������������������������������������������� 436 Obamacare Expands the Number of President Hugo Chávez Is Removed From Insured Persons but Fails to Make Power In Venezuela For 47 Hours ...... 237 Medical Care Affordable ������������������������������������ 635 President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad Occupy Wall Street Movement Begins Defends Islamicist Policies in a Talk in Zuccotti Park ��������������������������������������������������� 706 at Columbia University �������������������������������������� 543 Olympic Champion Marion Jones President Obama Prohibits Waterboarding Admits Steroid use ���������������������������������������������� 547 but Decides not to Prosecute­ those who Oprah Winfrey Broadcasts her Practiced it ����������������������������������������������������������� 607 Final Talk Show �������������������������������������������������� 692 President Obama Signs American Organization Of African Unity Moves Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 ������������������������������� 733 To Establish The African Union ...... 56 President Obama Signs into Law the Osama bin Laden is Killed by a Team Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and of U.S. Navy Seals ���������������������������������������������� 686 Consumer Protection Act ������������������������������������ 652 Outbreaks of the Zika Virus Spread President Obama Signs the American Throughout Much of the ­Americas �������������������� 788 Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 ����������� 610 Over 50 Million People Are Affected By President Obama Signs the Repeal of The Northeastern Blackout­ Of 2003...... 340 Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell ������������������������������������������ 667 Over 800,000 People Participate in the Presidents Obama and Medvedev Sign a March for Women’s Lives ����������������������������������� 387 New Nuclar Arms Reduction Treaty ������������������� 638 xxix

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PRI Rule Ends In Mexico ...... 54 Senator Strom Thurmond’s Biracial Prince Charles and Camilla Parker Bowles Daughter Is Revealed ����������������������������������������� 360 are Married at Windsor Guildhall ���������������������� 426 Senator Trent Lott Loses His Job Private Military Companies Expand For Praising Strom Thurmond’s 1948 During The Iraq War ������������������������������������������� 367 Dixiecrat Campaign...... 278 Public Policies Disallowing Transgender Sexual Abuse Of Children In France Leads People to Use Public Bathrooms To The Outreau Scandal ...... 88 Generate a Firestorm of Controversy ������������������ 825 Shock Jock Don Imus Loses His Radio Radical Islamists Commit Numerous Show over Sexist and Racist Remarks ��������������� 520 Terrorist Attacks in Europe ��������������������������������� 381 Significant Advances Are Made In Cancer Raúl Castro Officially Becomes President Research...... 142 of Cuba ���������������������������������������������������������������� 562 Skillful Piloting by “Sully” Prevents Rhode Island Nightclub Fire Causes Over a Tragedy ������������������������������������������������������������� 606 100 Deaths...... 293 Slobodan Milosevic Is Overthrown By Riots In Gujarat Result In The Deaths Of The Serbian People ...... 79 790 Muslims And 254 Hindus...... 234 Somali Al-Shabaab Militants Kill 147 People Roadmap For Peace Initially Inspired at a Kenyan University­ ��������������������������������������� 791 Hope But Is Terminated By The Gaza War...... 316 Somali Piracy a Threat to Commerce ���������������������� 457 Roman Catholic Church Bans Sonia Sotomayor Becomes the First Hispanic Gay Seminarians ������������������������������������������������ 455 Justice to Sit on The US Supreme Court ������������ 623 Rotting Human Bodies Are Found At The Sopranos Is Immensely Popular Georgia Crematory ...... 230 And Critically Acclaimed ...... 97 Russia Annexes Crimea and Supports Military South Sudan Becomes Independent Incursions into ­Ukrainian Territory ��������������������� 765 but the Country is Soon Engaged in Russia’s Invasion of South Ossetia Begins Another Civil War ���������������������������������������������� 695 the Russo-Georgian War of Five Days ��������������� 580 Space Shuttle Columbia Disintegrates Russian Submarine Sinks, Killing 118 When Re-Entering The Earth’s Atmosphere...... 292 Crew Members ...... 69 Spacecraft Orbits, Then Lands On, Saddam Hussein Is Found Guilty and Executed ������ 503 A Near-Earth Asteroid ...... 16 Samuel Alito’s Confirmation Makes the Spain Legalizes Same-Sex Marriage ���������������������� 431 Supreme Court more Conservative �������������������� 459 Stephen King Releases the First E-Novel ...... 22 Sarbanes-Oxley Act Is Designed To Subprime Mortgage Crisis Brings Combat Corporate Fraud...... 252 Down the Housing Market ���������������������������������� 534 SARS Epidemic Results In Over 8,000 Supreme Court Approves of Police Reported Cases And 774 Known Deaths...... 274 Ending High-Speed Chase by Causing Saudi Dissident is Sentenced to 10 Years the Fleeing Car to Crash ������������������������������������� 525 Imprisonment and 1,000 Lashes for Supreme Court Approves Vouchers For Criticisms of Islam ��������������������������������������������� 722 Private Religious Schools...... 251 Schwarzenegger Is Elected Governor ...... 344 Supreme Court Broadly Interprets a Key Scientist Is Indicted for Faking His Provision of Obamacare �������������������������������������� 797 Research on Creating Stem Cells ����������������������� 469 The Supreme Court Decides that Scientists Observe Gravitational Waves Closely-Held Corporations May Disregard for the First Time ������������������������������������������������� 816 Some Legal Mandates that Violate Owners’ Scientists Release Evidence Of Water On Mars ...... 42 Religious Beliefs ������������������������������������������������ 775 Second Camp David Summit Ends Without Any Supreme Court Defends Right to Conduct ­Agreements...... 59 Anti-Gay Picket During Funeral of Marine The Second Congo War Officially Ends Who Died in Iraq War ����������������������������������������� 674 But Vicious Fighting Continues­ ...... 334 Supreme Court Endorses Disparate Impact Senator David Vitter’s Name Is Paradigm for Government-Supported Found in D.c. Madam’s Address Book ��������������529 Housing Projects ������������������������������������������������� 795 xxx

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Supreme Court Expands The Definition Supreme Court Rules that State and Local Of “Cruel And Unusual ­Punishments”...... 210 Governments May not Abridge the Supreme Court Forces The US Government Right to Keep and Bear Arms ����������������������������� 650 to Respect Minimum Legal Rights of Supreme Court Rules that Strip Search Detainees at Guantánamo ������������������������������������ 573 of Middle-School Student Violates the Supreme Court Holds that Fourth Amendment ��������������������������������������������� 626 Federal Government Must Recognize Supreme Court Rules that Students All Marriages Approved by a State ��������������������� 751 Cannot be Assigned to Particular Supreme Court Holds that All States Schools to Achieve Racial Balance ��������������������� 527 Must Provide Equal Rights for Supreme Court Strikes Down Same-Sex Marriages ������������������������������������������� 798 Strict Requirements for Supreme Court Holds that Eminent Abortion Clinics �������������������������������������������������� 843 Domain Permits Seizure ofProperty to Supreme Court Strikes Down Arizona’s Promote Economic Development ���������������������� 430 Immigration Laws ����������������������������������������������� 716 Supreme Court Holds That Execution Of Supreme Court Upholds “Individual A Mentally Retarded Offender Is Cruel Mandate” in ACA ����������������������������������������������� 719 And Unusual Punishment...... 232 Supreme Court Upholds Ban on Gun Supreme Court Holds the Second Ownership By A Person Found Guilty Amendment Protects a Personal Right of Domestic Violence ������������������������������������������ 845 to Keep and Bear Arms ��������������������������������������� 575 Supreme Court Upholds Constitutional Supreme Court Insists that Suspected Bans on Preferences Based on Race, Terrorists Abroad have Right of Habeas Ethnicity, or Sex �������������������������������������������������� 770 Corpus in US Courts ������������������������������������������� 397 Supreme Court Upholds Federal Law The Supreme Court Orders An End that Prohibits Partial-Birth Abortions ����������������� 523 To The Recount Of Disputed Supreme Court Upholds Insanity Ballots, Which Makes George W. Bush Defense Law that only Permits The Next President ...... 93 Consideration of Defendant’s Ability Supreme Court Places Limited Restrictions to Distinguish Right from Wrong ������������������������ 474 On Affirmative Action Programs...... 323 Supreme Court Upholds Racial Preferences Supreme Court Prohibits Capital Punishment in University Admissions Policies ���������������������� 838 of Juveniles �������������������������������������������������������� 419 Supreme Court Upholds the Authority of Supreme Court Rejects Class-Action the Epa to Regulate Greenhouse Emissions ������ 518 Sex-Discrimination Lawsuit Supreme Court Upholds University’s Against Wal-Mart ����������������������������������������������� 693 Requirement that Religious Groups Supreme Court Rules a Key Provision of the Must Accept Anyone Wishing to Join ����������������� 648 Voting Rights Act is Unconstitutional ���������������� 749 Supreme Court Upholds Voting Requirement Supreme Court Rules Police Need a Warrant of a Picture ID ����������������������������������������������������� 569 before using a Dog to Sniff a Home ������������������ 741 Survivor Introduces Audiences to Supreme Court Rules Texas’ Anti-Sodomy “Reality TV” ...... 28 Law Is Unconstitutional ...... 325 Syrian Civil War Kills Over 470,000 Supreme Court Rules that a Criminal People and Displaces More Than Six Suspect Must Explicitly and Unambiguously and a Half Million ���������������������������������������������� 678 Articulate Miranda Rights ����������������������������������� 647 Takata Airbag Recall Becomes the Largest Supreme Court Rules that Corporations Safety Recall in Automotive History ������������������ 833 and Labor Unions have a First Amendment Tea Party Movement Campaigns for Lower Right to Make Independent Political Taxes and Less Government ������������������������������� 612 Expenditures ������������������������������������������������������� 632 Terrorists Kill 176 People in Supreme Court Rules that Juveniles Mumbai (Bombay) ���������������������������������������������� 593 Cannot be Sentenced to Life Imprisonment Tiger Woods Crashes his Car While Without Parole for a Non-Homicide Crime �������� 645 Fleeing from his Angry Wife ����������������������������� 628 xxxi

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Top Court Allows Use of Controversial United Nations Holds The Drug Cocktail in Executions ������������������������������� 567 Millennium Summit ...... 72 Tour De France is Hit with a United Nations Reports a Record Doping Scandal �������������������������������������������������� 478 Number of Displaced Persons ����������������������������� 836 Transsexual Athletes Allowed to Compete United States Organizes a Large Global in Olympic Games ��������������������������������������������� 392 Coalition to Counter the Islamic State Transsexuals Protest Academic Exploitation ...... 299 of Iraq and the Levant ����������������������������������������� 782 Treatment Of HIV/AIDS Improves During The United States Re-Establishes The Early Twenty-First Century...... 132 Diplomatic Relations With Cuba ������������������������ 811 Trump is Elected President of the USA ������������������� 853 The United States Suffers its Worst U.N. Report Reveals that Secretary-General Recession Since World War ii ���������������������������� 549 Kofi Annan Dismissed Sexual Harassment University of Colorado Fires Charges ��������������������������������������������������������������� 395 Professor Ward Churchill for U.S. Air Force Investigates Religious Plagiarism and Research Falsification ��������������� 532 Intolerance at Its Academy ��������������������������������� 428 US Government Helps Automobile U.S. Ambassador Killed in Benghazi ���������������������� 725 Manufacturers Survive a U.S. Combat Mission In Afghanistan Major Downturn �������������������������������������������������� 596 Fails To Bring Peace And ­Stability ...... 192 V. Gene Robinson Becomes First Openly The U.S. Experiences A Short Gay Bishop in Christian History ������������������������ 378 Recession in 2001...... 167 Venezuelan President Maduro U.S. Government Applies Economic Becomes Increasingly Authoritarian as Sanctions Against Iran ...... 138 the Economy Worsens ���������������������������������������� 738 The U.S. Government Attempts To Fight Vermont Gives Legal Status To Same-Sex Terrorism With The USA Patriot Act ...... 198 Civil Unions...... 33 U.S. Government Funds Everglades Restoration ...... 90 Virginia Tech Shooting Rampage Results U.S. Government Holds Suspected in 33 Deaths �������������������������������������������������������� 522 Terrorists At The Guantánamo Bay Wade Ends Socialist Dominance Detention Camp ...... 223 In Senegal ...... 24 U.S. National Security Agency Is Found Wal-Mart Adds Lesbians And Gays To To Have Spied On U.N. ­Officials ...... 296 Its Antidiscrimination Policy ...... 330 U.S. Oil Companies Expand Fracking War In Darfur Results In 300,000 Deaths And Offshore Drilling...... 119 And About 3 Million Displaced Persons ...... 283 U.S. Supreme Court Holds That First Amendment Washington Becomes the Second State Rights Of Private Organizations to Legalize Physician-Assisted Dying ���������������� 617 Trump Anti-Discrimination­ Laws ...... 48 Washington Post Exposes Decline of United Kingdom Legalizes Same-Sex Walter Reed Army Hospital ������������������������������� 515 Civil Partnerships ����������������������������������������������� 412 Wikileaks Exposes Embarrassing Secrets United Kingdom Lifts Ban On Gays And of The U.S. Government and Others ������������������� 490 Lesbians In The Military ...... 7 Wikipedia Provides Free Encyclopedic United Kingdom’s Gender Recognition Information Over The Internet...... 153 Act Legalizes Transsexual Marriage ������������������ 423 Y2k “Crisis” Does Not Cause Crisis...... 1

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