I find myself in a ASCA is changing. We are growing and Volume 51 world of contin- taking on new, less experienced mem- issue ual change. My bers than some of us were when we three 2018 son is growing joined. I like to embrace the opportunity up faster than to offer advice or mentor less experienced I would like. members. We can learn much from them, Technology too, during this process. ASCA is roll- changes faster ing out TPAQ (Tree and Plant Appraisal than my brain Qualification) this year. Some of us may or my check- be thinking, “this is just another cre- What’s Inside Jon Butcher, RCA #486 ing account can dential that I must pay for and keep up ASCA President keep up with. I with.” I like to focus on the credibility 1 President’s Message just want a car that it will bring to the tree and plant 3 Landscape Diagnostics: DNA and that has a key I can actually turn in order appraisal world. I like that ASCA is lead- RNA Testing for Landscape Pests to start it. ing the charge for this program. Training 7 The Evolution of Formal Tree highly experienced and less experienced Protection Legislation in the Tree research and information changes appraisers to have the same fundamental United Kingdom from bad one day to good the next. For understanding of appraisal will be a big 11 An Introduction to Scale Insects in example, growing up in the family busi- win for all of us. the Landscape: What They Are, ness, I was always told that fresh wood How They Live, and Suggestions for Management chips out of the back of the chip box Another major change in ASCA is that had to be broken down or aged before Beth Palys, CAE, FASAE, has officially 16 Welcome New Members they could be applied as a topical mulch. retired as our executive director. She has 16 New RCAs Now, research says that fresh woodchips been a driving force behind the success 17 Send Us Your Best Shot—Trees and out of the back of the truck is the best of ASCA for 22 years. Beth has been a Infrastructure mulch available (with some exceptions of great mentor and friend to many of us. 20 Member News course). These changes can be challeng- ASCA has changed substantially over the ing and frustrating. last 22 years. Prior to Beth, when my 22 Industry Reports From ASCA’s grandfather was an active member of Representatives As an intentional strategy, I try to focus ASCA, I remember him describing the 24 ASCA Annual Conference Preview on the positive parts of each change. I process of being accepted into ASCA as a want my son to grow up and become club in which other members would vote a responsible adult (maybe not so fast). you in or out based on some criteria of Despite not needing a key to start my car, which I couldn’t elaborate on if I wanted I will never buy a car again that doesn’t to. There was no money in the reserves have a Bluetooth connection to my of the organization when Beth agreed to phone. I used to reserve the clean wood- become ASCA’s executive director. Now, chips for rustic paths or playgrounds, but ASCA is on a steady path of growth, with now I sell a byproduct of my work as a a clear avenue for membership and an highly functional topical mulch. My point expanding footprint. Beth has served us is that change is happening all around us well. We will miss you Beth and we wish 9707 Key West Avenue, Suite 100 whether we like it or not. I find my life to you much happiness and relaxation in Rockville, MD 20850 be much more rewarding if I can focus retirement. on the positive aspects of the change. Phone: 301.947.0483 continued on page 16 Fax: 301.990.9771 Email: [email protected] www.asca-consultants.org 1 Arboricultural Consultant • volume 51 issue 3 2018 < home

2018 BOARD OF DIRECTORS

President Jonathan E. Butcher, RCA #486, Milford, OH President-Elect ASCA Consulting John S. Leffingwell, RCA #442, Pleasanton, CA Immediate Past President Chris D. Ahlum, RCA #465, Annapolis, MD Directors: 2019Academy Richard Adkins, RCA #573, Gilbert, AZ Jeremy T. Chancey, RCA #646, Fort Lauderdale, FL Glenn Gentzke, RCA #485, Tonawanda, NY Ron Matranga, RCA #488, Spring Valley, CA February 19–22 Carl A. Mellinger, RCA #620, Pacific Palisades, CA Michael Sherwood, RCA #524, Charlotte, NC Hyatt Regency Lake Washington . Seattle, Washington

STAFF

Executive Director Thérèse O. Clemens, CAE Vice President Meetings Grace L. Jan, CAE, CMP Director of Editorial Services Lynne Agoston Meetings Manager Morgan Prior Website Manager Jeyin Lee Member Services Coordinator Julianne Clarke Accounting Dawn Rosenfeld Exhibits/Sponsorship Manager Barbara Bienkowski, CEM Marketing Director Julie Hill

NEWSLETTER

The Arboricultural Consultant is published four times a year by ASCA. Articles and news items are encouraged and must be submitted six weeks prior to publication. Editorial Review Committee Tom Bradley, RCA #492, Mississauga, ON Chad Clink, RCA #589, Cleveland, OH Christy Cuba, RCA #502, Sierra Madre, CA Nick Drunasky, RCA #467, Woodbridge, VA Jordan Endahl, Blacksburg, VA Briana Frank, Madison, WI Jeannine Lubeshkoff, RCA #500, Arcadia, CA Andy Lueck, RCA #556, Northbrook, IL Nick Martin, Auburn, AL Micah Pace, Dallas, TX Patrick Parker, RCA #514, Bedford Hills, NY Todd Prager, RCA #597, Lake Oswego, OR Lisa Smith, RCA #464, Los Angeles, CA Matt Weibel, RCA #534, Fair Lawn, NJ Robert Wells, RCA #593, Philadelphia, PA

ASCA ANTITRUST STATEMENT

The following antitrust statement has been approved by the president and board of directors of the American Society of Consulting Arborists. “Members of the American Society of Consulting Arborists, Co-sponsored by especially members of the board of directors and Society committees, are reminded that they do not and may not New York State Arborists speak for or on behalf of the Society without the express Ohio Chapter ISA permission of the president or board of directors of the American Society of Consulting Arborists. This prohibition Pacific Northwest Chapter ISA includes the use of ASCA letterhead when making a statement of a technical, economic, or political nature. Western Chapter ISA Members of ASCA speak only for themselves as professional consultants when giving opinions or making statements.” Supported by www.asca-consultants.org/Academy Tree Care Industry Association

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Landscape Diagnostics: DNA and RNA Testing for Landscape Pests

By Christopher J. Luley, Ph.D., and Chad Lytle, Ph.D.

At last, the high-tech methods that are • Detection of pests in samples that widely used in crime scene investiga- have dried or deteriorated, been con- tions are now playing a useful role in taminated, or been altered in other landscape diagnostics. Just as in crimi- ways that limit the reliability of results nal and legal cases, analysis of genetic derived from or preclude them from material (i.e., DNA or RNA, the unique being tested using traditional methods. genetic material contained by all organ- • Detection of pests in very small-sized Photograph 1. DNA/RNA testing for a wider isms, where DNA is a double-stranded samples (if a pest was in the sample, range of pathogens and insect pests is becoming available commercially. A limited number of molecule that stores the genetic code and it likely can be detected). molecular tests have been available in the past RNA is single stranded and directly codes • For insects, the ability to detect pests for some pathogens, such as Phytophthora for amino acids) from samples of trees in tissues after the pest has emerged bleeding canker shown here. and shrubs can help in solving landscape or left the host by testing frass (insect diagnostic cases. It can be as simple as parts without the whole insect) or • Flexible, as tests for new pathogens case open, sample tested, case closed. swabs of borer galleries (Photograph and insects can be added if there is 2). demand or need, as long as standards Although molecular analysis of certain • Rapid turnaround time, as samples can are available. pathogens and insects from trees has be processed and an answer gained been available for some time, develop- the same day. There is no need to cul- Testing Details ment of commercially viable testing is ture or wait for an expert in the field DNA and RNA testing uses unique pieces only now becoming a reality for a wider to identify the specimen. of the genetic code for plant pests to range of pests (Photograph 1). In time, • The ability to test both infected or verify the presence of an organism in arborists will become comfortable with infested samples and fruiting bod- or on a sample. To avoid being overly testing protocols, and given the unchal- ies/body parts of the lengeable accuracy of DNA testing, these pathogen or insect. methods can greatly improve the reliabil- Any life stage of the ity of pest identification in the landscape. pest can be tested. At the center of all pest management is • Unequivocal diagnostic accurate diagnosis. confirmation of patho- gen or pest presence. Advantages of DNA/RNA Testing • Low cost. DNA/RNA DNA and RNA testing has several advan- testing often costs a tages and potential uses in the landscape fraction of conven- that are currently not easily achieved tional diagnostic lab using traditional culturing or diagnostic charges, with single testing methods. These include: tests for DNA/RNA costing about half • Detection of the slightest level of ($20) standard labora- insects, mites, or pathogens in a tory analysis. Photograph 2. DNA testing can be developed for insect pests such as emerald ash borer (shown here), even in absence of the insect. sample. Exit holes, frass, or insect parts can be tested once the processing test is created.

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Landscape Diagnostics: DNA and RNA Testing for Landscape Pests continued

technical, the technique uses polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which is a method that multiplies a very specific portion of a DNA sequence into potentially tril- lions of copies for testing against known samples. Essentially, it has the ability to identify the presence of an organism in a sample even if only a single cell of the organism is present. PCR relies on custom-designed beginning and end- ing points for DNA replication. Known as primers, these specifically created attachment points target a section of the genetic code that is unique to the organ- ism being sought out. If the target organ- ism’s DNA is present in the sample, the primers bond chemically to the organ-

ism’s DNA. The DNA between the prim- Photograph 3. DNA/RNA testing only requires ers can then be replicated. This bond- small samples from the leading edge of diseased ing and replication process is repeated tissues. In fact, larger samples are less desirable, as the arborist removing the sample should be 30 to 50 times, each time doubling the responsible for sampling the exact tissues that amount of targeted DNA present in the are being tested. reaction. Once the replication process is complete, upwards of 1 trillion copies of is likely to be present. Samples only need the targeted DNA are produced. to consist of small pieces of tissue—6 x 6 mm is sufficient in size (Photograph Photograph 4A. Sampling for Verticillium, oak wilt, or any pest, requires that the sample contain The latest PCR protocols involve quan- 3). This typically means sampling on the infested or infected tissues. Here, the vessels of a titative PCR (qPCR). Traditional PCR margin or advancing edge of diseased redbud are infected with Verticillium, and a cross section or vertical section through the discoloration techniques only replicate targeted DNA. tissues (Photographs 4A and 4B). should be tested. Photograph 4B. Testing requires With qPCR, fluorescent dyes are incor- that samples be taken from the leading edge of porated into the reaction. These dyes, For example, testing for Verticillium discolored tissues when sampling for pathogens. in conjunction with the latest replication wilt requires stem sections from discol- equipment, can quantify the amount of ored outer vessels where the fungus is DNA that has been produced. Multiple present (Photograph 4A). Sampling foli- dyes and primers can also be incorpo- age or small twigs for this pathogen is rated into the same reaction by a process unlikely to yield a positive result. Fur- known as multiplexing. With this tech- thermore, some sampling protocols may nology, it is possible to test for multiple require development to gain experience organisms in each sample. By associating on the limits of testing (e.g., bacterial leaf a different dye with each target organ- scorch, where petioles are usually the ism’s DNA, costs can be kept extremely best sample when the foliar symptoms low, and the detection of a variety of are present). The pathogen (Xylella fas- organisms is achieved simultaneously. tidiosa) might be tested for in branches, trunks, or roots at other times of year, Sampling Protocols but results may vary. Because the testing method is so sensi- tive and only small amounts of tissue can Drill extraction of decay with a small be tested at one time, extreme care needs diameter drill bit provides an adequate to be exercised when extracting samples. sample by capturing the sawdust on the Photograph 5. Drill extraction of decay with a This requires that an arborist take a sam- drill bit if it came from the desired tissue small diameter drill bit provides an adequate ple from the exact tissues where the pest in the tree (Photograph 5). sample.

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Landscape Diagnostics: DNA and RNA Testing for Landscape Pests continued

Extreme care must be exercised to avoid challenging to diagnose based on field In the case of decay in trees where fruit- cross contamination when using DNA/ symptoms or with traditional diagnostic ing is usually absent, testing for several RNA testing. Sampling tools need to be methods. For example, oak wilt (Breti- common decay fungi is an easy way to flame-sterilized between samples, or a ziella fagacearum) can be difficult to troubleshoot what pathogen might be new tool used to extract the sample. A identify in the field, particularly in the causing the decay. Larger samples are clean pair of latex gloves should be worn months/years after primary wilting symp- also not needed to run multiple tests. when handling each individual sample. toms are gone. Culturing from fresh sam- For example in maple, testing for Gano- Samples must be placed immediately into ples can be equally challenging, espe- derma (lucidum) sessile, G. applana- plastic bags at the collection site. Han- cially if the samples are not processed tum, Armillaria sp., and Kretzschmaria dling multiple samples or transporting quickly or have dried or been subject deusta covers most of the common and them together for organization greatly to heat. These factors do not affect the important decay pathogens of urban increases the potential for cross contam- ability to use molecular testing to identify maple species. On oak, one would shift ination. The testing is so sensitive that the pathogen in the sample. There are a the pallet to also include Inonotus dry- failure to exercise appropriate caution number of other examples (e.g., Verticil- adeus, Grifola frondosa, and Bondarze- when extracting samples can cause spu- lium wilt) where positive field identifica- wia berkeleyi, and possibly drop the K. rious results. tion can be challenging and the diagnosis deusta. Knowledge of what pathogen is has important treatment or management causing the decay affects the prognosis After extraction, samples can simply be implications. and recommended treatment (Schwarze placed in a plastic bag and mailed—typi- 2008) and may ultimately improve the cally in a letter-sized envelope. DNA/ In some cases, more general application reliability and professionalism of consult- RNA testing requires the arborist to iden- of molecular testing is useful. The testing ing assignments. tify for which pathogens or pests to test. allows identification at the genus level Research Associates Laboratories (RAL, for pathogens such as Armillaria or Phy- Testing of fruiting structures of fungi and vetdna.com), for example, has a wide tophthora (Photograph 6). These patho- insect body parts, or even frass from selection of tests already developed gens can also be identified at the species insects, is possible using crime scene that can be run. For special projects, level if needed, but specific identification type methods. Simple swabbing of a additional pathogen- or insect-specific is not critical because the potential treat- fungal fruiting body or an insect pro- tests can be developed, but this would ment is the same regardless of what spe- vides an adequate sample for testing of require coordination with the laboratory cies is present. a pathogen in question (Photograph 7). at potentially additional costs. Application in Landscape Diagnostics DNA/RNA testing has several distinct uses in the landscape and for broader scale diagnosis of pests of trees and shrubs. There is less need to use this testing technique for common pests that are generally easy to identify based on field symptoms or signs (e.g., presence of fruiting or the insect on the sample); however, DNA/RNA confirmation can be useful, even for common pests where documentation or confirmation is a requirement or helpful for an assignment, such as positive identification of likely diseases when treatment-specific deci- sions need to be made (e.g., specialized Photograph 7. Mushrooms of suspected patho- genic fungi can simply be swabbed or small pieces fungicides for Phytophthora treatment). Photograph 6. DNA/RNA testing to the genus taken and sent in for DNA analysis. Even dried level is adequate for some pathogens, such as mushrooms, such as the Armillaria tabescens DNA/RNA testing can be extremely Phytophthora, shown here on rhododendron, shown here, can be tested to the genus level or valuable when diseases or insects are because management is not dependent on spe- for specific identification for common pathogenic cific identification. species.

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Landscape Diagnostics: DNA and RNA Testing for Landscape Pests continued

Similarly, insertion of a swab into the exit ity of positive control standards. This is pathogens will help us to more effec- hole of an insect can be used to identify no longer the case, as the USDA Agricul- tively determine prognosis and develop borer pests. tural Research Service Culture Collection, and evaluate more effective treatments. the American Type Culture Collection Finally, these methods should allow Limitations (ATCC), and the CBS-KNAW Culture Col- arborists desiring the best information Like any diagnostic method, molecular lection have many species and strains of for their clients to take a step beyond testing must be used wisely in the field if fungal and bacterial pathogens available their less progressive competitors. Con- it is to be effective. These methods have for purchase. Since fungal nomenclature tinued communication between arbor- important limitations that arborists need is continually changing, it is imperative ists and diagnostic laboratories regard- to be aware of, including: to stay up to date on the latest desig- ing the visual identification and genetic • Sample contamination is a potential nations. Many of the changes in fungal verification of pathogens and pests will issue. Flame sterilization of sampling and bacterial nomenclature are driven by be paramount to the development and tools and care in sample handling to newly discovered genetic similarities, or specification of testing. avoid contamination are required. rather differences. Another way to stay up to date on the latest nomenclature Literature Cited • The exact tissues where the pest is Garbelotto, M., Gonthier, P. and Nicolotti. 2008. DNA tests or was present must be sampled. For changes is by researching the organisms identify wood decay fungi. Arborist News, December: 34-36. example, not all vascular tissues will through search engines such as NCBI Schwarze, Francis W.M.R. 2008. Diagnosis and prognosis of harbor the oak wilt or Verticillium BLAST or Q-Bank, which are the typi- the development of wood decay in urban trees. ENSPEC, pathogens, so care needs to taken to cal resources utilized by most molecular Australia. 336 p. provide samples of infected tissues. diagnostic laboratories. In many cases, Christopher Luley, Ph.D., is a tree pathologist by • DNA/RNA tests are run for specific DNA or RNA testing is the only method training and is a Consulting Arborist for Urban Forest Diagnostics LLC, based in Western New pathogens or insects, meaning a sam- available for the differentiation of newly designated species. York. He specializes in landscape diagnostics ple is only tested for one or a few com- and decay fungi and is a developer of treerot. mon species or genera at a time. Blind Looking Forward com. He frequently uses DNA/RNA testing in his or general testing of samples for many practice. For more information, visit his website It is not hard to envision the more wide- at chrisluleyphd.com. types of potential problems or organ- spread use of DNA/RNA testing in the Chad Lytle, Ph.D., is a molecular biologist isms is possible but not cost effective landscape and the potential for tree and or done without specific request. at Research Associates Laboratory in Allen, shrub diagnostics to take a significant Texas. He has 20 years of experience in molec- • The presence of a pathogen or pest step forward through its use. These tech- ular biology, environmental microbiology, and does not necessarily mean it is the niques offer some distinct advantages mycology. He specializes in the research and cause of any particular health issue. development of molecular diagnostics and com- over traditional methods but must be parison to traditional testing methods. For more Some pests are secondary and come used wisely to produce effective results. information, visit www.vetdna.com. in after other agents have damaged a With time, however, as we become tree. Wise use of test results is essential more skilled in its use, and requires experience and an under- we could test for tree standing of the relationship between and shrub pests early the host and pathogen in question. in the disease process, • DNA/RNA tests have only been devel- and treatments could be oped for a relatively short list of pests. applied or developed to The number is growing, but each test limit the impact (Photo- is costly to develop and need will graph 8). likely determine what pest tests are developed in the future. A list from Clearly, we still have a one laboratory is online at vetdna. lot to learn about sam- com. Some laboratories specialize in pling methods and pro- certain disease types, such as wood tocols that will allow the decay fungi (Garbelotto et al., 2008). most efficient use in the field. Once developed, Validation of tests for plant pathogens has testing for diseases such Photograph 8. Early detection and identification of decay pathogens previously been limited by the availabil- as wood decay or root in roots or trunks using DNA/RNA testing could greatly improve our prognosis and treatment of these diseases.

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The Evolution of Formal Tree Protection Legislation in the United Kingdom

By Shane A. Lanigan, RCA #588

The United Kingdom “Wildwood” play a major role in wildwood destruc- areas and open spaces—being increas- Oliver Rackham reminds us that “for tion around 4,000 BC, and tree loss accel- ingly eroded. Johnston refers to the stat- hundreds of years, Britain has been one erated during the Bronze Age (2,400-750 ute of 1307, which was an attempt to of the least wooded countries in Europe” BC). Industry must shoulder a large por- stop rectors felling trees in churchyards (Rackham, 2001). Although his work pri- tion of the blame, and in the Iron Age, (Johnston, 2015). This has an uncomfort- marily focuses on rural trees, he further when durable tools were needed, more able parallel with the contemporary loss advises us that “time is running out.” trees than ever before were felled for of ancient yews in UK churchyards. Rackham refers to the accelerating rate fuel and charcoal. Half of England had of change in the countryside since the ceased to be wildwood by around 500 Concerns about tree and forest loss 1950s, and it is clear that his focus is on BC, perhaps earlier (Rackham, 2001). escalated in the 16th century, and in the loss of tree cover. This situation is England and Ireland were now a patch- 1544, Henry VIII enacted The Statute of equally prevalent in urban locations. work landscape of silvicultural and agri- Woods, which promoted coppicing and cultural tranches. is viewed by many as the ultimate ori- Reference to the 2001 edition of Rack- gin of modern forestry. Over a century ham’s 1976 publication tells us that in this Awakenings later, John Evelyn discusses tree protec- current interglacial period, the woodland Perhaps the first perception of the need tion law at length, even identifying legal tree history begins about 11,000 BC, to protect trees emerged in sixth-century instruments that were germane in biblical when most of Britain and Ireland were Kent under King Ine, who saw the value times (Evelyn and Nesbit, 2013). On page tundra and moorland. These areas were of trees for shading livestock (Rackham, 41 of Book III, Volume 2, he talks about colonised by pioneer species, which 2001). At this time, trees were valued for direct damage to buildings occasioned were in time succeeded by more shade- not only their wood and timber, but also by tree parts and also, by implication, tolerant trees, and gradually a largely for- as boundary markers in estate perambu- subsidence. And so it seems that it was ested landscape developed. This is gen- lations. Wood banks were used to define the great unwashed who “kick-started” erally referred to as “the wildwood.” The woodlands from at least the ninth cen- tree protection legislation to protect their wildwood was not a homogenous col- tury, further evidence of their valued sta- recreational activities. lection of a few tree species; rather, it tus. Precedent in common law developed was a varied mosaic of harmonious tree from these actions, more formal statute Awareness cohorts, interspersed by wood-pasture laws were made in the medieval era and It took the “Great War” (World War I, type landscapes. related to trees by way of “Forest Law” 1914–1918) to highlight the fact that (Johnston, 2015). Forest law relied on trees are a finite though renewable (with Utilisation and Degradation of the draconian penalties (the death sentence appropriate management) resource. Due “Wildwood” was frequently handed down for quite to the activities of German U-Boats, Great It was not simply agriculture that her- minor offense) but was nevertheless an Britain could no longer import cheap alded the degradation of the wildwood. early example of tree protection law. supplies of Empire-grown timber and Rackham identifies that Mesolithic and had to look inwardly to fulfil its needs. even Paleolithic men destroyed trees to Even in these early days, tree loss was As we collectively consumed our native create clearings for homes, and during accelerating, either for profit or conve- woodlands, UK citizens and administra- the same time period, the first Ameri- nience. Ordinary people living in urban tors became alarmed by this profligate cans produced wood-pasture by peri- areas saw their major form of affordable depletion of resources. Soon after the odic burning. Agriculture, however, did recreation—that of enjoying wooded cessation of hostilities, The Forestry Act

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The Evolution of Formal Tree Protection Legislation in the United Kingdom continued

sent forth the Forestry Commission to rians who planted up many of the sur- So currently, UK amenity trees are pri- create and perpetuate a sustainable sup- viving parks that were formed in those marily protected by: ply of home-grown timber. The Act was times. By the mid-19th century, they had amended several times before being sup- also begun to plant street and roadside • Section 198 of the Town and Coun- planted by a new act in 1967. And so, trees as they tried to emulate or better try Planning Act of 1990 (as amended driven by necessity, we had realised the the allées and boulevards of Paris. The by section 192 of the Planning Act of value of trees and timber, but serious amenity tree had now truly arrived. 2008) felling controls were not introduced until • Sections 211–213 of TCPA of 1990 after World War II (1939–1945) (Mynors, Contemporary Tree Protection (Conservation Areas) 2011). The Act and associated felling A succinct history of tree protection legis- • Conditions made under planning acts licences were intended to protect com- lation is detailed within The Law of Trees, relating to development mercial interests, but a new realisation of Forests and Hedges (Mynors, 2011). Tree • The Forestry Act of 1967 (felling silvicultural and perhaps also arboricul- preservation was driven by the desire licences) tural values had evolved. for amenity and began with town and • Secular law (the Faculty Jurisdiction country planning. Planning acts since Rules of 2015) (trees on church land) The Evolution of Amenity Tree 1909 have dealt with amenity and have • The Hedgerow Regulations of 1997 Protection used tree protection legislation from 1932 (vicariously) By the early 1900s professional plant onwards. The Housing and Town Plan- people appreciated the value of Ancient ning Act of 1909 enabled local coun- Tree preservation orders are made by Woodlands, Historic Parklands and Vet- cils to prepare town planning schemes local planning authorities, although the eran Trees (Mynors, 2011). Urban parks for developable land. This mechanism secretary of state has reserve powers to had evolved during a long transforma- was improved by the Ministry of Health make TPOs if he considers it expedient tion from the deer parks formed by the (meaning that trees and health became to do so. The main driver for these orders Enclosure Acts. These unpopular acts inextricably linked), which issued model is the protection of selected trees and withdrew open land on town and city clauses for guidance. woodlands in the interests of amenity. peripheries and so denied access to Historically, amenity has been consid- working people who had hitherto taken Initial protection for single trees began ered to be visual only, but lately, conser- affordable recreation there. With the with the Town and Country Planning Act vation and ecological amenity has been massive urbanisation spawned by the of 1932 (section 46). This had a limited recognised. Industrial Revolution, urban parks and effect, so some local councils seized the private gardens became de-facto coun- initiative. In a precursor to modern leg- It is usually the council tree officer who tryside (Johnston, 2015). Private residen- islation, the Essex County Council Act of makes the order, and he may use a deci- tial squares with trees and shrubs were 1933 referred to (unlawful) cutting down, sion support system called TEMPO (Tree created, and the public at-large became topping or lopping, or wilful destruction Evaluation Method for TPO suitability) as increasingly disenfranchised. The gov- of any registered tree. an aid. Under the 2012 regulations (The ernment recognised this unhappy state Town and Country Planning [Tree Pres- of affairs and established the Parliamen- Most of the early tree protection mea- ervation][England] Regulations of 2012), tary Select Committee on Public Walks, sures were removed by the Town and a TPO has immediate provisional effect with a brief to secure open spaces close Country Planning Act 1947, which intro- but must be confirmed by the controlling to towns and cities as Public Walks and duced the term “Tree Preservation Order” authority within six months to provide Places of Exercise. These later became in section 28 (Mynors, 2011). Tree preser- lasting legal protection. Before confirm- public or municipal parks, and working vation was then shuttled between various ing the order, authorities will inform any- people saw themselves as stakeholders acts and regulations until the introduc- one who formerly would have had the with a vested interest in the trees and tion of the 1990 TCPA and the 1999 Reg- right to prune or fell the trees that they shrubs within “their parks.” They began ulations (now replaced in England only were obliged to inform a wider range to value urban trees. by the 2012 Regulations). Tree protection of people. provisions are in Chapter 1 of Part VIII, The government of the day saw this as which was itself amended by section 23 Tree preservation orders protect individ- a positive factor and a bulwark against of the Planning and Compensation Act ual trees, groups of trees, or woodlands social unrest. Notably, it was the Victo- of 1991. from pruning or felling without the writ-

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ten consent of the local planning author- cation period to expire (after which the of 1990. In 2012, secondary legislation ity (municipality in the United States). intended works may proceed). was created, and the “Trees Regula- If consent for tree works is refused, the tions” was brought into force in England applicant may appeal to the secretary of Felling licences essentially cover trees only. The intended purpose was to sim- state, who will use the Planning Inspec- growing in open areas other than gar- plify outdated and unnecessarily com- torate to investigate the matter and issue dens, orchards, churchyards, or desig- plicated procedures. These regulations a binding decision. Tree preservation nated public open space. The Forestry govern TPOs in England, while Scotland, orders can protect trees on both pub- Commission administers this legislative Wales and Northern Ireland are bound lic and private land. Prohibited activi- area. Pruning of these trees is permitted, by the more historic 1999 Regulations. In ties under the TPO legislation include although they may be covered by TPOs, recent times, fines for contravention have cutting down, topping, lopping, uproot- covenants or other planning conditions, become more realistic, and criminal pen- ing, wilful damage, and wilful destruc- and there are other exceptions. Under alties now constitute a real deterrent. The tion. The protection extends to causing the current legislation, tree owners may laws and regulations are however pre- or permitting the carrying out of any of fell up to 5 cubic metres (approximately scriptive and made by governing bodies these activities. Certain exceptions exist, 6.5 cubic yards) of timber on their prop- with no actual input from stakeholders. and these are detailed in the regulations. erty in a single calendar quarter with- Two obvious exceptions are felling dead out a licence, as long as no more than Through the study of publications by trees and the removal of deadwood from 2 cubic metres (approximately 2.5 cubic Bernhardt and Swiecki, my impression living trees. Statutory undertakers (utility yards) are sold. is that the US system is more localised companies in the United States) do not and enables communities to participate need to observe the regulations if they Penalties for Contravention in tailoring their tree ordinances to their are carrying out works directly related to Penalties have increased in recent needs and preferences. This obviously their operations. times. Currently, unauthorised prun- introduces more variability and also ing can attract a fine of up to £2,500 some uncertainty into the system. Conservation areas are designated geo- (approximately $3,250). Illegal felling graphical locations, and the intention of trees covered by TPOs or located in I particularly like the high level of stake- when creating these is usually to pro- conservation areas can incur fines of holder involvement, and especially the tect architecturally interesting buildings £20,000 (approximately $26,000) in the focus on using tree boards to help cre- rather than trees. Nonetheless, within lower courts. If the case is referred to ate ordinances. This is a facet of the US these areas, any tree more than 75 mm the crown court, then the fine can be system that I think would transfer well (approximately 3 inches) in diameter at twice the appraised tree value and is to the UK. Penalties seem to vary greatly 1.5 metres (approximately 5 feet) above effectively unlimited (under the “CAVAT” between municipalities but in many ways ground level is effectively protected. A valuation method, trees with assessed are similar to those in the UK. The impo- pertinent exception in conservation areas values of over £100,000 (approxi- sition of fines and in extremis, jail terms, is that trees up to 100 mm (approximately mately $130,000) have been recorded). parallel UK penalties, although here we 4 inches) in diameter may be removed Breaches of tree protection legisla- have no option to withhold occupancy if the work is intended to improve the tion are now criminal rather than civil permits on new developments if viola- growth of other trees. offences; this means that the convicted tions have occurred (unless prior plan- person will incur a permanent criminal ning conditions have been made and are Works to trees in conservation areas do record. The record can be more damag- enforceable). not require an application to the local ing than the financial penalty to a per- planning authority. Instead, a notification son of good standing. In the UK, we have a formalised pro- of intent must be submitted. The local cedure for the protection of trees on planning authority cannot refuse the Contrasting the UK and US Tree development sites. Local planning works, but have three defined courses Protection Regimes authorities have the power to demand of action. They may make a formal TPO The UK system has evolved over hun- the preparation and submission of a for- to protect the tree, write to the person dreds of years from both common and mal tree protection plan with the plan- making the notification stating that they statute law. Currently, one system cov- ning application. Preparation of the plan have no objection to the works, or sim- ers all of the UK, and this is laid out is prescribed by a specific British stan- ply allow the six-week statutory notifi- in the Town and Country Planning Act dard (BS 5837:2012 Trees in relation to

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The Evolution of Formal Tree Protection Legislation in the United Kingdom continued

Shane Lanigan, RCA #588, began work as a design, demolition and construction— Bibliography climbing arborist in 1971 and worked for a Recommendations). This is a very useful Evelyn, J. and Nisbet, J. (editor) (2013). Sylva, Or, a Discourse tree care company for nine years before form- of Forest Trees, Volume 2. 1st ed. New York: Cambridge (though not perfect) document that gives University Press. ing his own contracting company in 1979. His company, Urban Forestry, became an Arbori- a great deal of authority to the Consult- Johnston, M. (2015). Trees in Towns and Cities: A History of British Urban Arboriculture. 1st ed. Oxford: Oxbow cultural Association Approved Contractor in ing Arborist. If used correctly by suitably Books. 1989. Shane became an ISA Certified Arborist qualified and ethical arborists, it confers Mynors, C. (2011). The Law of Trees, Forests and Hedges. 2nd in 2008 and a Municipal Specialist in 2012, significant protection to trees on devel- Ed. London: Sweet & Maxwell before attaining ISA BCMA status in 2013 (first Rackham, O. (2001). Trees & Woodland in the British Land- UK BCMA). He has held the Royal Forestry Soci- opment sites. scape. 2nd Ed. New York: Phoenix Press. ety Professional Diploma in Arboriculture since 2011 and became an ASCA RCA in 2016, right The two systems are quite different but before he was awarded Chartered Arboricultur- ist status by the UK Institute of Chartered Forest- have the same aims. Essentially, they ers and became one of the institute’s registered both exist to preserve trees and wood- consultants. lands. This is surely of benefit to us all.

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An Introduction to Scale Insects in the Landscape: What They Are, How They Live, and Suggestions for Management

By Patrick Anderson, RCA #475

Scale insects are a common plant-dam- sugar-rich honeydew for aging pest found throughout the United their colonies. States. Their often-cryptic lifecycles, cou- pled with the unique challenges of the Indeed, humans have built landscape, can make scale insects a also been utilizing scale challenging pest for arborists to control. insects for centuries. In one example, the scale Introduction to Scale Insects species Dactylopius coc- Scale insects fall within the order Hemip- cus, native to tropical tera, the same order that contains such and subtropical areas of insects as true bugs, whiteflies, aphids, the Americas, was his- adelgids, and leaf hoppers. One of the torically used as a source distinguishing characteristics of Hemip- of red dye for garments, tera is that they have piercing and suck- and even today is used Tulip tree scale example of soft scale insect; notice honeydew on the twig. (Photo credit: RTSA) ing mouth parts. Approximately 32 in certain cosmetics, families of scale insects fall within the foods, and pharmaceuti- superfamily Coccoidea (Gullan and Cook cal applications (Borges 2007). One distinguishing feature of scale et al. 2012). insects is that adult females are highly modified, often lacking wings, antenna, Types of Scale or segmentation. Ecologically speaking, Insects scale insects are important as a food Of the many scale insect source for other animals, including other families, only a few are insects. Some ant species actually “farm” considered pests in the certain soft scale species, harvesting their American landscape. The majority of these prob- lem scales fall into two families: Coccidae (soft scales) and Diaspididae Example of sooty mold growing on honeydew produced by cottony (armored scales), but camellia scale, a type of soft scale. (Photo credit: RTSA) we’ll also give honorable mention to Ericococcoidea (felt scales). (outer covering) can be smooth or cot- tony, convex, and round to oval in shape. Soft Scales The test is attached to the body of the Soft scales are physically the largest of mature scale, so if you attempt to remove the scale families we encounter as pests the test from the tree, you would find in the landscape. They can be up to the body of the scale inside. Some soft ¼-inch in diameter, with magnolia scale scales, known as cottony scales, create

Ant tending a species of lecanium scale. (Neolecanium cornuparvum) being as distinct egg masses (ovisacs), which are (Photo credit: RTSA) large as ½-inch (Pellitteri 2012). The test white and cottony in appearance.

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An Introduction to Scale Insects in the Landscape continued

Soft scales feed within the phloem, Armored Scales and cast skin, which is not connected extracting amino acids from the sap. Armored scales are distinct from soft to the body of the insect. Therefore, if Their excretion is a sugary substance scales in several ways. Adult armored you removed the test, the insect would known as honeydew. In severe infesta- scales are generally smaller than soft remain on the tree. tions, honeydew can be a nuisance, caus- scales, with most being less than 1/8 ing a sticky mess on anything under- inch, and they are elongate to round. Armored scale feeding habits are also neath the tree, including sidewalks, cars, The tests of many species have an oys- different from soft scales. Armored scales and outdoor furniture. Stinging insects ter shell shape, while others appear like get nutrition from feeding within cells, are attracted to honeydew, which may scrambled eggs. Armored scales produce not from sap in the phloem (Sadof and cause a public health risk for allergic citi- a test that is made of waxy secretions Neal 1993). Consequently, honeydew is zens. If not removed, sooty mold fungus will begin growing on the honeydew, creating a blackened look to any affected surface and reducing the photosynthetic capacity to any affected foliage.

In general, soft scales have one genera- tion per year (univoltine), and the aver- age female lays hundreds to thousands of eggs, in some cases over 3,000 eggs. The number of eggs produced not only depends on the species of scale, but also the host species and area of feed- ing. Many of these scales can reproduce sexually or parthenogenetically, and every female may be capable of produc- ing progeny without fertilization (Univer- sity of Minnesota Extension 2013). Some species, like Florida wax scale (Cero- plastes floridensis), are only known to have females (Futch et al. 2009). Mature males appear as tiny gnat-like insects. Cottony maple leaf scale 1st instar crawlers emerging from ovisacs. (Photo credit: RTSA) In temperate parts of the country, the average soft scale overwinters as a 2nd or 3rd instar (immature stage). In spring, the scale begins feeding and eventually matures into an adult. The adult lays eggs, which hatch under the test into 1st instars, known as crawlers. These crawl- ers roam until they find a suitable area to feed and settle. In some species (e.g., tulip tree scale, Toumeyella liriodendri), the insect will settle on newly elongated twigs and not move again. In other spe- cies (e.g., oak lecanium scale, Parthe- nolecanium quercifex), the crawlers will settle on leaves, where they will feed for the growing season. Then, sometime in late summer to early fall, they will move back to the twigs, where they will com- plete the remainder of their lifecycle. Euonymus scale—example of an armored scale. (Photo credit: RTSA)

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An Introduction to Scale Insects in the Landscape continued

not associated with armored scale feed- wasps control scales naturally. The scale sprays of horticultural oil in late fall or ing. Damage from armored scale feeding destroyer beetle (Lindorus lophanthae) early spring can work well to manage on leaves appears as a stippled chlorosis, is an example of biological control that populations. Interestingly, recent work which can eventually coalesce. Severe can be released in landscapes to help by Drs. Quesada and Sadof found that infestations can also cause premature suppress scale populations. horticultural oil killed a greater percent- leaf drop, wilting, and reduced overall age of armored scales than soft scales, vigor of the tree. It is crucial to accurately identify the spe- whereas insecticidal soap gave greater cies of scale and know its lifecycle when control against soft scales (Quesada and With some exceptions (e.g., gloomy scale, developing an integrated pest manage- Sadoff 2017). Melanaspis tenebricosa), armored scales ment (IPM) plan that will employ prod- can have several generations per year ucts applied to the plant. Scale insects When using soil- and bark-applied or in temperate areas of the country, with are most vulnerable to foliar-applied trunk-injected systemic applications, females often laying less than 100 eggs control methods when they are crawl- product choice, length of residual, and per generation. Most armored scales pro- ers. Using growing degree days and phe- the time in which it will take for the duce sexually, so both male and female nology can help with timing applications active ingredient to accumulate to toxic scales will be present. In many species, according to pest lifecycle. levels for the insect are paramount. In all life stages (e.g., adults, eggs, and addition, due to the subtle differences nymphs) can be found on the host plant There are many active ingredients that between soft and armored scales (e.g., at the same time. Just like in soft scales, work well to manage scale insect crawl- feeding habits), specific products are 1st instar crawlers hatch underneath the ers. Some are broad-spectrum while more effective on certain species than female test. In most armored scale spe- others are very specific cies, once 1st instar female crawlers set- to piercing and sucking tle, they remain immobile for the rest insects. Insect growth of their lifecycle. Just like in soft scales, regulators (IGRs) are also adult male armored scales appear as tiny available. IGRs work by gnat-like insects. blocking the insect’s abil- ity to molt into its next Honorable Mention—Felt Scales instar stage. IGRs can be The felt scales have similar feeding hab- very effective and are con- its and appearance to soft scales. They sidered not as harmful secrete a felt-like covering over their to beneficial and benign round bodies and are phloem feeders insects when compared to that can excrete a copious amount of other foliar spray options. honeydew. Most species have multiple Since many of these insects generations per year, with the crape myr- overwinter as nymphs, Crape myrtle bark scale, an example of a felt scale. (Photo credit: RTSA) tle bark scale (Acanthococcus lagerstro- emiae), newly introduced to the United States, having two to four per year and producing 100–300 eggs per generation (Layton 2016).

Damage and Control of Scale Insects Small populations of scale insects rarely cause noticeable plant damage, but at high populations, these pests can cause chlorosis and early leaf drop. Severe population outbreaks can cause wilt- ing of stems and noticeable reduction of plant vigor. Often, natural predators Gloomy scale 1st instar crawlers under female Chlorosis caused by tea scale feeding. like lady bird beetles and parasitoid test. (Photo credit: RTSA) (Photo credit: RTSA)

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An Introduction to Scale Insects in the Landscape continued RCA Embosser and

others. Again, targeting the early instars will yield better control compared to targeting later instars or adults. Stamp—

For example, soil-applied imidacloprid works well to control the Distinguish Yourself majority of soft scales, but it can take from 30 to 180 days to accumulate in leaves at levels that will cause mortality. Therefore, The Registered Consulting if application is timed incorrectly, control will not be achieved. ® Furthermore, Sadof and Sclar (2000) concluded that imidacloprid Arborist (RCA)* status is not readily translocated beyond vascular plant tissue (Rebek represents ASCA's premier and Sadof 2003). Thus, armored scales, feeding within cell con- level of membership. tents, do not readily come into contact with imidacloprid and are not well controlled by products containing this active ingredi- Official RCA stamps and ent. In contrast, systemically applied treatments of dinotefuran embossers are have displayed good control of certain armored scale insects (Cowles 2010). available for purchase—use these items to distinguish Scale insects have always been one of my favorite insects to your work products. attempt to manage in the landscape. Due to their unique lifecy- cles and habits, controlling these insects can be challenging but *You must be an RCA to order RCA also rewarding once you’ve settled on a successful IPM strategy. Before settling on a strategy, one must consider the scale species, products. lifecycle, site, health and vigor of the affected plant, and level of natural control present.

References Borges M.E., Tejera R.L., Diaz L., Esparza P., and Ibanez E. 2012. Natural dyes extraction from cochineal (Dactylopius coccus). New extraction methods. Food Chemistry 132(4):1855-1860 Cowles R.S. 2010. Optimizing a Basal Bark Spray of Dinotefuran to Manage Armored Scales (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) in Christmas Tree Plantations. Journal of Economic Entomology 103(5):1735-1743 Futch SH, McCoy Jr CW, Childers CC. 2009. A guide to scale insect identification. EDIS. (5 December 2014). Gullan P.J. and Cook L.G. 2007. Phylogeny and higher classification of the scale insects (Hemip- tera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea). Zootaxa 1668:413-425 Layton. B. 2016. Crape Myrtle Bark Scale Identification and Control. MUS Extension POD-02-16 Pellitteri, P. 2012. Magnolia Scale. Wisconsin Horticulture. Retrieved from hort.uwex.edu/articles/ magnolia-scale/. Quesada C.R. and Sadoff C.S. 2017. Efficacy of Horticultural Oil and Insecticidal Soap against Selected Armored and Soft Scales. HortTechnology 27(5):618-624 Rebek E.J. and Sadoff C.S. 2003. Effects of Pesticide Applications on Euonymus Scale (Homoptera:Diaspididae) and Its Parasisitoid, Encarsia citrina (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 96(2):446-452 Sadof C.S. and Neal J.J. 1993. Use of Host Plant Resources by the Euonymus Scale, Unaspis euon- ymi (Homoptera: Diaspididae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 86(5):614-620 University of Minnesota. 2013. Introduction to Scale Insects. Center for Urban Ecology and Sus- tainability. Retrieved from http://cues.cfans.umn.edu/old/inter/inmine/Scale.html.

Patrick Anderson, RCA #475, is an arborologist with Rainbow Treecare Sci- entific Advancements, where he provides plant healthcare protocol training for Rainbow’s clients nationwide. He has years of practical tree care expe- rience and conducts field research trials throughout the United States, with an emphasis on plant growth regulators and landscape scale management. Patrick has a B.S. in forest science from Penn State University. He is an ISA Board-Certified Master Arborist and Municipal Specialist and is ISA Tree Risk Assessment Qualified, a North Carolina Licensed Landscape Contrac- tor, and an associate voting member of the ASC A300 Committee.

American Society of Consulting Arborists 14 Arboricultural Consultant volume 51 issue 3 2018 Involved With Community and Urban Forestry?

There is a professional organization waiting for you. Confidence, competence, and camaraderie. www.urban-forestry.com

Join the Society of Municipal Arborists Today! < home

President’s Message continued

There is no better time to focus on 10 months. I like Thérèse because of her fresh perspective is a good thing. I’m the good part of this change. Thérèse thoughtful, intuitive contributions at our looking forward to this change and the Clemens, CAE, is our new executive board meetings. She is very receptive to continued success of ASCA and each of director. She brings extensive associa- new ideas, and she is seemingly always its members. tion management experience, which available, day or night. She is pleasant to you can refer to in her bio on our web- be around and to interact with. Although Best, Jon site. Beth and the board have been she lacks the experience and history with mentoring her for this position for the last ASCA that Beth has, sometimes a new,

Addendum to Consulting Arborist’s Tip In Issue 2 of The Arboricultural Consultant (February 2018), John Martyn provided a Consulting Arborist’s Tip regarding the nails for tree tags. I agree with his tip, but I would add that galvanized nails, such as roofing nails, work best because they don’t rust. —Ted Lubeshkoff

Welcome New Members New RCAs

Johl Anderson Vit Kohoutek Parker Keil, RCA #652 Bolton, ON Boulder, CO [email protected] [email protected] Ryan Thomas, RCA #653 Michael Dunn Alexander Llamas James Goodrum, RCA #654 Westchester, PA Alamo, CA [email protected] [email protected] Sarah Gaskin, RCA #655 Carson Engelskirger Phillip Maple Laramie, WY Spokane, WA Mark Duntemann, RCA #656 [email protected] [email protected] Peter Cragnolin, RCA #657 Jack Ingram Leonardo Moran Beverly, MA Tarzana, CA Chris Madison, RCA #658 [email protected] [email protected]

Example Reports For Consulting Arborists 3rd Ed.

This is your resource for knowing what information to include and how to format Consulting Arborist reports. The book encompasses practice reports from students of the ASCA Consulting Academy and a real-life report as sub- mitted by an author to an actual client.

Order your copy at www.asca-consultants.org

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Send Us Your Best Shot­— ­ Trees and Infrastructure

We asked for examples of interesting scenarios involving trees and infrastructure or sites dominated by hardscape.

and they approved this, as they recognized the trees were Griffith Park Project important to providing a barrier to “errant” balls that would When they redid the fence between the park and adjacent golf fly into this park roadway. We saved about 10 oaks by pushing course, they weren’t able to shift the fence over, so I was super out the fencing for future space. disappointed. I asked the fence guys if they could go around the trees, and they were very willing and able to accommodate. I was so happy with the outcome! These trees will now have years of opportunity to expand and benefit both the park and We also had to receive approval from the adjacent golf course to golf course! lower the fence height from the “required safety fence height,” (Photo credit: Lisa Smith, RCA #464)

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Best Shot continued

American Elm, Man- hattan, May 2018.

(Photo credit: Faith Appelquist, RCA #495)

Banyan Tree, Key West, February 2018

(Photo credit: Faith Appelquist, RCA #495)

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Best Shot continued

Unknown Species, Key West, February 2018

(Photo credit: Faith Appelquist, RCA #495)

A tree I saw on my recent visit to New Orleans. This was in the garden district.

(Photo credit: Peter Landau)

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Member News

Denice Britton, RCA #296, Consulting, founded by her late father, HortScience Inc. Acquired by F. Receives ISA Award Ken Menzer. A Certified Arborist since A. Bartlett Tree Experts Denice Britton, RCA #296, president of 2003, Nicole graduated from the ASCA Nelda Matheny, RCA #243, and Jim California Tree and Landscape Consult- Consulting Academy in 2016. Clark, RCA #357, owners of Hort- ing, Inc., received the Western Chapter CalTLC is an arborist consulting com- Science, Inc., have sold the company to ISA Award of Merit at its 2018 Annual pany offering innovative solutions the F.A. Bartlett Tree Expert Company Conference in Santa Rosa, California. The for the full spectrum of tree care and of Stamford, Connecticut. HortScience award of merit is the highest award cat- landscape needs. Nicole will join con- had been based in Pleasanton, Califor- egory of the Western Chapter. This award sultants Denice Britton, RCA #296, nia, since 1983 and provides horticul- is presented to an individual Active Mem- Gordon Mann, RCA #480, and Chad tural, arboricultural, and urban forestry ber to recognize outstanding, meritori- Dykstra at CalTLC’s new home office consulting services. ous service in advancing the princi- at 1243 High Street in Auburn, Califor- ples, ideals, and practices of progressive The acquisition marks the launch of nia. The company provides consulting Bartlett’s consulting division, which will arboriculture. Only seven women have services throughout Northern California received this award since 1960, and this be known as HortScience | Bartlett Con- and beyond, including tree risk assess- sulting. Nelda and Jim will remain with is the second time Denice has received ment, appraisal, inventory and manage- the award. the new company in the role of consul- ment programs, and expert witness for tants and managers, as will ASCA mem- private and public clients. Tina Cohen, RCA #473, bers John Leffingwell, RCA #442, Announces Retirement Deanne Ecklund, RCA #647, and all Tina Cohen, RCA #473, is retiring in of HortScience’s current staff. September 2018 after over 30 years in horticulture and arboriculture. She looks forward to traveling and having more time for hiking, birding, and skiing. Please contact Tina if you’re interested in her many books or tools, including a resistograph and increment borer.

Nicole Harrison Joins CalTLC ASCA member Nicole Harrison joined California Tree and Landscape Consult- ing, Inc. (CalTLC) as a full partner in June 2018. Nicole brings her extensive experience in construction management and tree preservation to CalTLC, along with a dedicated following of clients. Nicole began her career in urban for- estry at the U.S. Forest Service and then

worked in the family business, Abacus Left to right: Bartlett President James Ingram with Nelda Matheny and Jim Clark, former owners of HortScience, Inc.

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Member News continued

Regarding the future of HortScience | and learn how trees adapt, grow, and nine field consultants and is a leader in Bartlett Consulting, Jim Ingram, RCA heal in surprising ways. the industry. A Consulting Arborist who #294, president of Bartlett Tree Experts, has worked in the arboriculture industry noted, “We look forward to continuing to Gary earned a degree in arboriculture for 45 years, Scott is a highly regarded support the work that HortScience and its and park management from the Univer- presenter and educator who is known staff have been doing, as well as finding sity of Massachusetts. He has taken pic- for using a science-based approach in ways to integrate the two businesses in tures of trees throughout his career to his work. order to better serve our clients. The ben- document diagnoses, analyze damage, efits of having this new team onboard and use in court in his role as an expert Additionally, both Nate Faris, RCA #517, are magnificently numerous, and we are witness in tree-related injury/death cases. and Fran Reidy were recently named all excited to see Bartlett’s new consult- During recent hurricanes, Gary was an ISA “True Professional of Arboricul- ing division evolve from such a strong called on to assist towns and communi- ture™.” This award honors arborists and foundation.” ties in rescuing and planting trees. tree care professionals for their positive impact on the industry and in their com- Still Standing debuts in area stores in munities. Nate is the president of Faris Gary Mullane, RCA #241, August 2018 and from www.starbooks. Tree Consulting, Indianapolis, Indiana, Publishes Book biz. and is co-founder of the Community ASCA member Gary Mullane, RCA Forest program at Keep Indianapolis #241, announces the release of his cof- ASCA Members Receive ISA Beautiful, an environmental nonprofit fee table book, Still Standing, published Awards that plants and cares for thousands of by Starbooks and Lydia Ingle Publishing. ASCA member Scott Baker, RCA #414, trees annually. Fran is owner/operator of Inside the pages of Still Standing you’ll recently was awarded ISA’s Honorary Dryad Tree & Shrub Diagnostics based learn about trees while you observe Life Membership award. This Award on Long Island, New York, with a focus their beauty and strength in lush pho- of Distinction recognizes ISA members on developing Plant Health Maintenance, tographs of trees throughout the South. who have contributed substantially to a non-pesticide pest program for land- Gary shares his life-long love of trees, the progress of arboriculture and have scapes and community-supported agri- including extraordinary facts, insights, given unselfishly in their efforts to sup- culture. and photographs exploring what makes port the industry. Scott’s Seattle-based trees tick. You’ll see 400-year-old trees company, Tree Solutions, Inc. employs

As many members know, several years ago, the ASCA board of realistic case scenarios illustrate concepts and enlighten par- of directors addressed the need for a comprehensive course ticipants on how to consider applying the various approaches that would instruct professionals in the theory and applica- described in the Guide to their work. tion of appraisal approaches, methods, and techniques. ASCA moved forward with creating a certificate program based on The two-day training concludes with an open-book exam that the ISA Guide for Plant Appraisal, creating the Tree and Plant will test comprehension of the concepts in the Guide. Success- Appraisal Qualification (TPAQ) program. While the develop- ful candidates receive a certificate and are entitled to list TPAQ ment of the program initially began prior to the publication of as a credential. the 10th edition of the Guide, the resulting program is based The first ASCA instructor training course concluded, and ASCA on this current edition. It is expected that TPAQ workshops is working with co-hosts now to schedule the first workshops. will begin in late 2018. ASCA will post scheduled TPAQ workshops on our website This interactive training experience delves into the concepts calendar of events and will send email announcements. contained in the Guide. Instructor-led participant discussions

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Industry Reports From ASCA’s Representatives

place, it is time to activate that commit- Part 6: 2012 Planting and Transplant- American National Standards tee and update the regional information. ing: Work continues on this standard, If your region does not have a RPAC, it Institute (ANSI) A300 and significant changes are being made is time to form one. Use of the 10th edi- Committee to address more current practices and tion will be facilitated by the information research. Public review is expected after By Richard Gessner, RCA #496 provided by RPACs. spring 2019. ASCA’s representative to the ASC is Rich- What items should a Regional Plant Part 8: 2013 Root Management: Commit- ard Gessner, RCA #496 (2017–2019). The Appraisal Guide/Supplement contain? tees are being formed and the process for ASCA alternate representative to ASC is the revision of this document was initi- I recently discussed this topic with the Andrew Mertz, RCA #542 (2017–2019). ated at the spring meeting. Western Chapter ISA board of directors. The A300 liaison to the ASCA board of I suggested that the work of the chapter’s directors is John Leffingwell, ASCA vice Part 3: 2013 Supplemental Support Sys- RPAC be focused around three goals. president (2017). Current members of the tems: Committees are being formed and First, provide reliable, accurate, and ASCA A300 Advisory Committee (AAC) the process for the revision of this docu- easy-to-update information that reflects (2017) include: ment was initiated at the spring meeting. the content of the 10th edition. Second, • Glenn Gentzke, RCA #485 complement the contents of the Selec- The next meeting of the AAC is sched- Tree program developed by the Urban • Kenneth Knight, RCA #507 uled for October 3–5, 2018, in Asheville, Forest Ecosystems Institute at Cal Poly • John Martyn North Carolina, and will begin with a University (San Luis Obispo) (https:// • Anita Schill, RCA #421 training summit open to the public on selectree.calpoly.edu/). Third, ensure Wednesday October 3. • Zeb Haney, RCA #616 that the regional information is compat- Parts 2 (Soil Management a. Modifi- I look forward to the spring meeting and ible and can be readily accessed by the cation, b. Fertilization, and c. Drain- the challenges of improving our industry i-Tree team. standards. age) and 7 (Integrated Vegetation Man- Updating the regional guide will involve: agement) have completed their public reviews and have gone to vote within the 1. Converting existing regions to Sun- committee. Part 6 (Planting and Trans- set climate zones (or USDA hardi- planting) has been reaffirmed for techni- Council of Tree and Landscape ness zones). Doing so will make the cal reasons and to help allow time for a Appraisers (CTLA) regional guide compatible with both proper revision. Listed are the standards SelecTree and i-Tree. currently under revision or will be in the By Jim Clark, Ph.D., RCA #357 2. Correcting errors in species names. coming year: The 10th edition of the Guide for Plant 3. Adding USDA Forest Service species Part 5: 2012 Management of Trees and Appraisal has been sent to the printer identification codes. and will be available at the ISA confer- Shrubs during Site Planning, Site Devel- 4. Updating the species ratings to reflect ence in Columbus, Ohio! opment, and Construction: This standard new regions and any changes since is now nearing completion and is being If your geographic region has a Regional 1990. prepared for public review after the fall Plant Appraisal Committee (RPAC) in 5. Working with the wholesale nurs- meeting.

American Society of Consulting Arborists 22 Arboricultural Consultant volume 51 issue 3 2018 < home

Industry Reports continued

ery growers to identify the largest I encourage ASCA members to work with Urban and Community Forestry: $28.500 commonly available nursery-grown their respective committees to update Forest Health Management: $96.5 tree for each of the states and/or existing regional guides or to develop Landscape-scale Restoration: $14.0 subregions. regional guides where none have existed Community Forests and Open Space: $0 6. Working with the landscape contrac- in the past. Please feel free to contact Research and Development: $292.000 tors to identify the cost to purchase me with any questions. and install the largest commonly Thanks again for your support and Work has begun on the 2019 Budget. available nursery-grown tree. encouragement. On August 7, the SUFC sponsored a two- Cal Poly’s Selectree team has agreed to hour panel discussion at the ISA Annual expand its information base beyond Cali- Conference in Columbus, Ohio. Seven fornia to encompass the four states that Sustainable Urban Forest panelists, all with direct ties to aspects comprise the Western Chapter. This will Coalition (SUFC) of urban forest theory and practice, made give all chapter members quick access short presentations: to information on thousands of woody By Jeffrey Ling, RCA #337 plants. They have also agreed to work David Gamstetter, City of with the Western Chapter to add species This report is nearly 180o from the Cincinnati, Ohio characteristics that are important to plant membership report earlier this year—in Dr. Richard Hauer, University of appraisers. both content and direction. In Febru- Wisconsin, Stevens Point The i-Tree suite of software tools cur- ary, the message was not attractive for Dr. Cecil Konijnendijk, University of rently uses regional information to cal- urban forestry funding, as the admin- British Columbia culate compensatory value as well as istration’s proposed budget “zero’d” out Dr. David Nowak, USDA Forest Service benefits calculations. By facilitating the urban forest programs. The efforts of Dr. Jessica Sanders, Casey Trees availability of regional information to SUFC’s congressional liaison visits appear Dr. Jessica Vogt, DePaul University i-Tree, we enhance the accuracy and util- to have brought fruit to both the USFS Matthew Wells, City of Santa Monica, ity of those calculations. budget and USDA programs. The most California notable change was the commitment to I suggest that each RPAC work toward “full funding” of the Fire Suppression Over 50 in attendance were given time these three goals. Universities, botanic Program. to publicly react and voice comments. gardens, and other institutions are sources of tree information important to These numbers are in millions of dollars. Both the presentation and the transcribed plant appraisers. Making regional infor- Note that there is nearly full funding in comments will be published on the SUFC mation accessible to i-Tree has positive all categories. This is a tremendous vic- website, sufc.org, in a few weeks. benefits to plant appraisers. tory for SUFC and its members.

Submit Your CEUs! You must earn 30 CEUs every two Submitting CEUs online is easy: View step-by-step instructions. years to maintain your ASCA mem- bership. ASCA provides many • Log in to the ASCA website opportunities to earn CEUs— • Click “Manage Profile” View a full list of approved CEUs. • At the top of the page, click the Remember to submit your CEUs as “Enter Your CEUs Now” icon you earn them. • In the Certification/Program Once you have 30 approved CEUs dropdown, select the 18–19 for the period, additional credits are cycle. not required.

American Society of Consulting Arborists 23 Arboricultural Consultant volume 51 issue 3 2018 < home 2018 Annual Conference November 28–December 1 Paradise Point Resort San Diego, CA

Co-Sponsored by: New York State Arborists • Ohio Chapter ISA • Pacific Northwest ISA • Western Chapter ISA asca-consultants.org/2018

American Society of Consulting Arborists 24 Arboricultural Consultant volume 51 issue 3 2018 < home Pre-Conference Workshop Conservation Arboriculture: Caring for Mature Trees Wednesday, November 28

7:30 am This session will cover the current understanding of the tree– Welcome and Overview of the Day water relationship, with a focus on mature landscape trees. Ron Matranga, RCA #488 We will review the basics of soil water (including measurement Atlas Environmental Services, Inc. devices and calculations); water uptake and movement within a tree; water-content measurement in trees; and the expected 7:45 am–8:30 am effects of drought and flooding on roots, xylem, and tree Conservation Arboriculture: Caring for Mature Trees physiology in general. We will also cover the management im- Philip van Wassenaer, B.Sc., M.Sc. plications of situations or periods with “too much” or “too little” Urban Forest Innovations, Inc. water and the practical approach to estimating the appropriate water supply volume for mature trees using the soil-reservoir For many people, trees are just another part of daily life. While idea (i.e., the Matheny-Costello method), which is most suited everyone relies on the ecological, economic, social, and health to water-limited situations. We will finish with a brief review of benefits that trees provide, people’s interactions with trees are water-delivery devices and the science-based online resources often limited. Increasingly, people realize that trees, like works for tree managers. of art or historic buildings, can be part of our cultural, spiritual, and natural heritage. Old trees deserve the same care and 11:25 am–12:10 pm attention devoted to maintaining other heritage artifacts. This Wildlife Management: Conserving Wildlife and Meeting presentation explains how trees become heritage artifacts Wildlife Protection Laws and explores practical strategies to maintain such trees for the Ryan Gilpin benefit of current and future generations. HortScience | Bartlett Consulting

8:30 am–9:10 am Mature trees offer a quality of wildlife habitat that is difficult to Mature Trees, Mature Soils replicate. Because mature trees are more likely to be used by David Kelley wildlife, arborists should be aware of wildlife laws and avoid K&AES, Inc. impacting nesting wildlife while working in trees. In additional to meeting the state and federal laws for wildlife protection, there Old trees can be hundreds (sometimes thousands) of years old. are two ways arborists should consider wildlife when managing Old soils are several-to-many thousands of years old—usually mature trees. Arborists should be aware of how future wildlife orders of magnitude older than most trees. However, many of may use mature trees in their management decisions. Cavities, the characteristics of old trees dead branches, and broken tops are some of the features that can be similarly discerned in old soils—site stability, site vulner- bring wildlife to mature trees. Preserving these features when ability, site history and potential, insult histories, and trajecto- possible can benefit the wildlife in our urban forests. Wildlife ries. This presentation will provide a basis for bringing these advocates are potential allies for educating the public on the complex living systems into the same management tent, and importance of our urban forests, but only if the tree care indus- provide a means for approaching mature trees and mature soil try can minimize impacts to wildlife and preserve habitat. landscapes to assess, strategize, and implement stewardship actions that recognize the special properties of these systems. 12:15 pm Board buses for ride to Balboa Park for afternoon 9:20 am–10:00 am field stations Bringing Pests to Life Under the Microscope A box lunch will be provided for you to enjoy on the 20–25 Meg McConnell minute ride to Balboa Park. Bartlett Tree Research Laboratory 1:00 pm–4:00 pm We’ve all seen insects and diseases in the landscape, right? Field Station Rotations–Balboa Park Well, in this session we will take a much closer look—a look under the microscope, to be exact! Come along on our journey Building off the morning’s program, attendees will rotate as we examine pest insects, mites, fungal fruiting bodies, and through the following field stations at Balboa Park: more, all on live plant material! Pruning–Philip van Wassenaer, B.Sc., M.Sc. 10:00 am–10:40 am Soils–David Kelley Strategies for Detection and Identification of Decay in Pests–Meg McConnell Mature Trees Decay–Jessie Glaeser, Ph.D. Jessie Glaeser, Ph.D. (Retired) Wildlife Management–Ryan Gilpin U.S. Forest Service Soil Moisture Monitoring Devices–Igor Lacan, Ph.D.

As trees age, they are more likely to develop decay. The Balboa Park was originally called “City Park” but was renamed identification of decay fungi associated with hazard trees can for Spanish explorer Vasco Núñez de Balboa in honor of the give one insight about the condition of the tree and the amount 1915 Panama–California Exposition, held in the park that year. of deterioration of the wood. This presentation will stress the Balboa Park was declared a National Historic Landmark and a fundamentals of decay detection and common wood-decay National Historic Landmark District in 1977. It is also listed on the fungi identification. National Register of Historic Places and was named one of the Great Places in America. The park is managed and maintained 10:45 am–11:25 am by the City of San Diego Parks and Recreation Department Too Much Water, Too Little Water? The Impact on and supported by dozens of nonprofit organizations. Mature Trees Igor Lacan, Ph.D. 4:15 pm University of California Cooperative Extension Board buses for the ride back to the hotel

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American Society of Consulting Arborists 25 Arboricultural Consultant volume 51 issue 3 2018 < home Schedule Thursday, November 29

8:00 am–8:15 am cultural field. A tree risk assessment frequently serves as a Welcome surrogate for risk management; however, while a tree assess- ment informs on the risks of a subject tree, it is only one factor Jon Butcher, RCA #486, ASCA President that is considered within a risk management context. Unless Madison Tree Care & Landscaping, Inc. serving as a manager, it is rare for an assessor to choose the final mitigation path for a specific tree. These choices are 8:15 am–9:45 am reserved for the manager or owner of the tree, who relies on additional inputs and system-level context to inform on mitiga- What a Warming World Means for Plants, Pests, and Their tion choices. Natural Enemies Mike Raupp, Ph.D. This session will cover three subjects: University of Maryland • A review of current approaches to managing risk. A Review the evidence supporting climate change, the mecha- framework will be presented using the recently updated nisms underlying this phenomenon, and what it means for ISO 31000 Risk Management Guidelines and ISO 31010 changing weather patterns around the globe. Learn how Risk Assessment Techniques. Additionally, enterprise warmer temperatures alter the ecology of biomes and affect risk management concepts and an ALARP model for ranges of pests; seasonal phenology of insects and mites; managing tree risk at the system level will be detailed. and interactions among plants, herbivores, and their natural • An outline of the the conflicts that occur within enemies. Special emphasis will be placed on invasive species assignments and litigation when tree risk is and urban heat islands. inadequately represented and/or when the role of risk management is minimized, misrepresented, or ignored. 10:00 am–11:30 am • The integration of tree risk assessments and Consulting Ethics: management within a consultant’s practice. Three Real-World Scenarios Christopher Meyer, Ph.D. 4:00 pm–5:00 pm CSU Bakersfield Landscaping in the Wildland–Urban Interface: The Good, the Bad, and the Downright Deadly Christopher Meyer, Ph.D., will lead participants in thinking Christopher A. Dicus, Ph.D. through three real-world consulting ethics scenarios that have California Polytechnic State University been submitted by ASCA members. He will discuss prelimi- nary feedback from ASCA membership on the scenarios and While trees and other elements of a property’s landscaping interact with a panel of ASCA members to explore options. can add aesthetic appeal, economic value, and ecosystem Following the panel interaction, attendees will be invited to services, they can also raise the risk of home ignition during a ask questions and add their input to the discussions. wildfire. This session explores the various ways in which trees and other landscaping features can raise (or more impor- 11:45 am–12:45 pm tantly, reduce) the risk of home loss during wildfires, which are Lunch and First-Timers Lunch becoming increasingly common throughout the world. Mul- tiple mechanisms by which homes ignite are examined, and various landscaping best practices to ameliorate wildfire risk 1:00 pm–2:00 pm are considered. Scientific, legal, and case studies from the Tree Selection: Factors to Consider in an Era of Global United States and abroad will also be presented to illustrate Climate Change, Droughts, and Increasing Diversity how proper tree care and landscaping can simultaneously increase both property value and a home’s survivability dur- Matt Ritter, Ph.D. ing a wildfire. California Polytechnic State University

Carbon sequestration potential, aesthetics, provenance, cul- 5:00 pm–6:30 pm ture, and interaction with the native flora are not talked about Roundtable Discussions enough during the tree selection process. Learn what you should be taking into account, given this era of global climate Join the speakers from the Pre-Conference Workshop and the change, droughts, and increasing diversity. Annual Conference arboricultural sessions to delve into their topics and areas of expertise. Take advantage of the experi- 2:15 pm–3:45 pm ence and knowledge available at the conference by partici- pating in the roundtable discussions focused on topics of Tree Risk Assessments Within a Risk Management Context: interest to Consulting Arborists. A Primer for Consulting Arborists Mark Duntemann, RCA #656 6:30 pm–7:30 pm Natural Path Urban Forestry Consultants Networking Reception The components and processes that are specific to tree risk management are often misunderstood within the arboricul- tural field. It’s an area of practice that requires very specific skill sets and training, often missing within the larger arbori-

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American Society of Consulting Arborists 26 Arboricultural Consultant volume 51 issue 3 2018 < home Schedule Friday, November 30

8:00 am–9:00 am Noon–1:00 pm Management Gone Awry: How Attempts to Control Insect Lunch Invasions and Outbreaks Disrupt Urban Forest Ecosystems Mike Raupp, Ph.D. 1:15 pm–2:15 pm University of Maryland Outbreaks of pests in urban forests are often associated with Practice Management Track Technical Track invasions by non-native species and habitat changes brought Buying, Selling, and Valuing The Results of the Recent about by development, changes in plant material, and anthro- a Business Decay/Failure Study pogenic inputs of pollutants and pesticides. We will review David Grau Sr., J.D. Igor Lacan, Ph.D. cases studies where attempts to mitigate invasive pests with FP Transitions University of California applications of insecticides or introductions of biological con- Cooperative Extension trol agents resulted in unanticipated and detrimental disrup- The goal of this presentation tions of communities of indigenous arthropods. Ecological is to help arborists understand This presentation will cover mechanisms underlying these upsets will be explained. Ways how to sell what they’ve built at the results of a study that to safeguard against future missteps will be reviewed. maximum value and optimum explored the presence tax rates. The goal is also to of wood-decay fungi in help those on the other end failed trees (broken stems, 9:15 am–10:45 am of the deal, so that buyers can branches, and roots). By The Art of Connecting Across Differences understand how to successfully using DNA analyses, we Patty Raun, M.F.A. complete an acquisition on the detected 18 species of Virginia Tech University best possible terms, with mini- fungi in 107 failed-wood mum risk. These are not dispa- samples, with the vast What do a Consulting Arborist, a policy analyst, and an expert rate goals; they are connected majority of samples hav- witness have in common with an actor? They all need to cross in every way and are part of a ing more than one fungus boundaries to share their area of expertise so that others can win-win-win strategy that aligns present (as many as 12 relate and understand them. This interactive session takes the interests of buyers, sellers, fungal species were found Patty Raun’s work with scientists, engineers, and medical and the clients in transition. in a sample). We will dis- professionals and applies it the work of Consulting Arbor- cuss the failure patterns, ists. Learn how to be more direct, personal, spontaneous, and Drawing on more than two the types of wood decay responsive to better communicate with your diverse client decades of mergers and acqui- (white, brown, soft), and base. sitions experience and a newly the affected tree parts published book on this subject, (heart rot vs. sap rot), and this presentation covers every- will review the characteris- thing from deal structuring to tics of the most commonly value and valuation (when and found fungi. Finally, we will how to use a multiple of revenue review the implications for or a multiple of earnings, and the practicing arborists (both difference between a value cal- consultants and tree work- culation and an appraisal), to ers) and the science-based payment terms and tax struc- resources available on the tures, to using seller financing web. and/or bank financing.

2:30 pm–3:30 pm Mock Deposition Moderator: Dan Polsenberg, J.D. 11:00 am–11:45 am Lewis, Roca, Rothgerber, Christie Ronald D. Getchey, J.D. Practice Management Track Technical Track Sheppard Mullin Insurance for Consulting Arborists Case Capsules Ulsh Chris Van Dusen vs. Sierra Pacific Jan Scow, RCA #382 Wateridge Insurance Services Lumber Denice Britton, 3:45 pm–4:45 pm Chris Van Dusen will explore three RCA #296 broad categories: coverage for the CalTC Two Judges’ Perspectives on consultant themselves, coverage for Expert Witnesses employees, and coverage for claims Hartman vs. Judge Frederic L. Link arising from third parties (the public). Hartman Superior Court of San Diego County Understand the difference between Don Godi, RCA #444 Judge Eddie C. Sturgeon general and professional liability Donald H. Godi & Superior Court of San Diego County (E&O). Know what to look for when Associates, Inc. purchasing an E&O policy and how Dan Polsenberg will facilitate the conversation as Judge the coverage should be tailored Link and Judge Sturgeon share their perspectives on expert specifically for the Consulting Arbor- witnesses. ist. Mr. Van Dusen will also share some real-life claims scenarios and discuss the outcomes. 7:00 pm–10:00 pm Hops on the Harbor (optional)

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8:00 am–9:30 am 10:45 am–11:15 am The Condition Factor Case Capsule: James Clark, Ph.D., RCA #357 Thune Trail Cherry Failure HortScience | Bartlett Consulting Robert Wells, RCA #593 Morris Arboretum Assessing tree condition is one of the very basic tasks for a Consulting Arborist. In the 10th edition of the Guide for Plant Russ Carlson, RCA #354 Appraisal, condition is defined by three components: Tree Tech Consulting 1) health, 2) structure, and 3) form. A summary assessment of tree condition then informs possible depreciation. This ses- 11:15 am–1:00 pm sion will review factors within each component, go to the field to assess trees, and discuss how to combine the three compo- ASCA Business Meeting nents into a single summary rating.

9:45 am–10:45 am Two Approaches to Risk Assessment Pete Angwin, Ph.D. U.S. Forest Service REGISTER ONLINE TODAY! Brian Gilles, RCA #418 Gilles Consulting asca-consultants.org/2018

This presentation will focus on the hazard tree manage- ment guidelines that are used in the USFS Pacific Southwest Region. This will allow us to compare and contrast the USFS and TRAQ objectives and procedures (similar, but with several important differences).

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American Society of Consulting Arborists 28 Arboricultural Consultant volume 51 issue 3 2018 < home Schedule Networking Events

Thursday, November 29 • 11:45 pm–12:45 pm First-Timers Lunch Thursday, November 29 • 6:30 pm–7:30 pm Networking Reception For attendees who are new to the Annual Conference, ASCA A casual setting with great food and drinks is a perfect way to hosts a First-Timers Lunch. On Thursday, you’ll have an oppor- end the day. This event allows you to get to know your fellow tunity to meet ASCA’s board of directors as well as others conference attendees on a more personal level. like you who are first-time attendees. ASCA’s president, Jon Butcher, will talk about the association’s current focus areas and how you can make the most of your time at the confer- ence.

Optional Tour (Must Sign Up in Advance) Thursday, November 29 • 5:00 pm–6:30 pm Roundtable Discussions Friday, November 30 • 7:00 pm–10:00 pm Hops on the Harbor Join the speakers from the Pre-Conference Workshop and $140/person (price includes transportation, cruise ticket, the Annual Conference arboricultural sessions as they delve food, music, and drinks) into their topics and areas of expertise. Take advantage of the experience and knowledge available at the conference by Join fellow ASCA attendees on this craft beer dinner cruise. participating in the roundtable discussions on topics of inter- This 2.5-hour cruise features multiple food stations, music est to Consulting Arborists. and dancing, picturesque bay views, and an all-you-can-drink full bar with cocktails, wine, champagne, and of course beer. Enjoy flights from our featured brewery along with our core lineup of local taps, including Stone IPA, Saint Archer Pale Ale, and Ballast Point California Kolsch. Tickets are limited and are on a first-come, first-served basis, so make sure you sign up early.

VISIT asca-consultants.org/2018

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American Society of Consulting Arborists 29 Arboricultural Consultant volume 51 issue 3 2018 < home Hotel/Travel Hotel Travel Paradise Point Airport San Diego International Airport (SAN) is 1404 Vacation Road 5.2 miles (15 minutes) from Paradise Point. San Diego, CA 92109 Airfare has partnered with ASCA and is offering discounted airfare Reserve online See hotel/travel section on the ASCA Annual to all attendees. When booking online Conference web page at www.united.com, use Offer Code ZEBW112006. Telephone (800) 344-2626 To book by phone, call Room Rate $145 per night, (800) 426-1122 and provide single/double occupancy the following information.

Reservation Deadline Friday, October 26, 2018 Z Code: ZEBW Agreement Code: 112006 Check-in Time 4:00 pm Taxi $30 each way Checkout Time 11:00 am UberX $21 each way Self-Parking $18 per night Shuttle $36 each way Paradise Point, San Diego’s island resort, is a private 44-acre island tucked away on gentle Mission Bay, minutes from the heart of downtown San Diego. When calling Paradise Point to make res- Weather The temperature in San Diego during late ervations, please remember to mention the American Society of November/early December averages in Consulting Arborists to get the group discounted rate. Hotel res- the mid-60s during the day and low 50s at ervations are on a first-come, first-served basis until Friday, Octo- night. ber 26, 2018, or until the block has sold out. ASCA cannot guar- antee the group rate if rooms are still available in the ASCA block Dress Code Business casual attire is appropriate for after October 26, 2018. Please do not book through a third party. the ASCA Conference.

Earn CEUs ASCA CEUs Attending the 2018 ASCA Annual Conference is an excellent way to earn ASCA CEUs (required to maintain ASCA membership).

Pre-Conference Workshop 8 CEUs Annual Conference 20 CEUs

ISA CEUs ISA has pre-approved the Pre-Conference Workshop and ASCA’s Annual Conference for CEUs in the following categories: Certified Arborists, Utility Specialist, Tree Worker Climber Specialist, Municipal FOR FEES AND TO Specialist, BCMA science, BCMA practice, and BCMA management. REGISTER ONLINE VISIT asca-consultants.org/2018 Pre-Conference Workshop 7.5 CEUs Annual Conference 19.25 CEUs

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