COSTA RICA: the INTROTOUR a Tropical Birding set-departure tour. 11–21 February 2011

Leader: Michael Retter Photos and report by Michael Retter

Tiny has a lot to offer. Within just a couple hours of its capital, San José, you can see many hundreds of . Our Introtour is designed to offer a variety of habitats (and ) at a relatively relaxed pace.

Our fortunes were mixed. We had a massive antswarm on the first morning but were mostly rained out at La Selva. (It was an odd “dry season”.) Overall, though, it was certainly a memorable trip. Quetzals never fail to impress!

Blue -diademed Motmot Itinerary

11 Feb Arrival in San José 12 Feb Braulio Carillo NP, La Selva 13 Feb La Selva 14 Feb La Selva, Savegre Valley 15 Feb Savegre Valley 16 Feb Cerro de la Muerte to Carara NP 17 Feb Carara NP 18 Feb Tárcoles River (boat trip) to Monteverde 19 Feb Monteverde 20 Feb Monteverde to San José 21 Feb Departure

Costa Rica Introtour: 11–12 February 2011 - 1 - Summary The first morning (at Braulio Carillo National Park) was phenomenal. I’m not exaggerating when I say that it was one of the best days of birding I’ve ever experienced. We hit a remarkably low canopy flock right away (complete with Emerald ), and shortly thereafter we noticed some army ants crossing th e trail. We followed them just a few yards into the forest and found the leading edge of the ant swarm. And, as luck would have it, it was being attended by some very cool birds: Ocellated and Black-crowned “Gnatpitta” . On the way out of the forest we connected with an understory flock headlined by a couple White- throated - . We then stopped by some roadside flowers and were rewarded with stellar views of a male Snowcap . Then it was on to lunch and La Selva. After checking in we did a l ittle birding around the grounds.

The two days at La Selva were, unfortunately, mostly filled with rain. Our dry season visit didn’t quite work out as planned! As it turned out, this was a very odd year weather-wise. We did manage to see some great birds, though. Snowy (left) , Great Green Macaw, and Great Curassow come to mind. A Warbling Vireo here was quite a rare find for Costa Rica.

Savegre lived up to the hype, and everyone had prolonged scope views of a Resplendent Quetzal here, though it w as a female. The male was, unfortunately, rather furtive. A very productive mixed flock in the afternoon produced a number of Spangle -cheeked Tanagers and the locally rare Streaked . Of course, the

Costa Rica Introtour: 11–12 February 2011 - 2 - feeders were phenomenal. It made getting to and from meals a protracted affair, but how can you look away from a White -throated Mountain- gem!? Up on Cerro de le Muerte we lucked out with a responsive couple Zeledonias and, at the last second, a family of Volcano Juncos . We stopped at some roadside feeders on the way to Carara and were treated with both a pair of Speckled Tanagers and point -blank eye-level views of Swallow-tailed Kite.

The exceptional rains had made the trails at Carara a bit muddy, but it was a minor inconvenience. We found a very cooperative understory flock here that contained a number of wrens and . Black-hooded Antshrikes were especially numerous. Along the river we leisurely observed a roost of Boat -billed Herons. Back at the bus we watched a pair of Scarlet Macaws i n the scope as they fed in a bare tree just across the road. We saw more the next morning on the boat trip, as well as Southern Lapwing, Double -striped Thick-knee, and Turquoise-browed Motmot.

On the way to Monteverde we were sure to stop in the drier forest to look at a family of White -throated Magpie-Jays, whose screaming told us they’d rather we hadn’t! Once there, it was windy and foggy (this is the cloudforest, after all), and birding was on the slow side. We decided instead to bird the more sheltered and drier forest below the reserve, where we were surprised to find a very cooperative Black Guan . It took some patience, but we eventually saw a stunning male Long- tailed Manakin . Back up in the cloudforest the next day the weather hadn’t much improved, but we soldiered on. As if by magic, a male Resplendent Quetzal flew across the trail ahead of us and perched —for over 45 minutes—on a bare branch! Reluctantly, we left the bird there, tail streamers blowing in the breeze, in order to get back to San José in time for supper, when Long-tailed Manakin was voted the bird of the trip.

Costa Rica Introtour: 11–12 February 2011 - 3 -

Photo Gallery (in chronological order)

I had a good feeling about the day when Sure enough, the first bird we we were greeted in the parking lot at Braulio saw was an Emerald Tanager. Carillo Nat'l Park by this 3-toed Sloth.

We noticed some army ants Then up popped this Ocellated Antbird. crossing the trail and followed them toward some calling Spotted Antbirds.

Costa Rica Introtour: 11–12 February 2011 - 4 -

And a simultaneous "HOLY #$%@!" As if the birds at the ant swarm weren't was heard when this Black-crowned enough, a massive understory flock "Gnatpitta" bounced into view! blasted through. This male White-throated Shrike-Tanager was one of the headliners.

Violet-headed Hummin gbirds were common Before long a male Snowcap arrived! at a patch of roadside porterweed.

Costa Rica Introtour: 11–12 February 2011 - 5 -

A female Blue Dacnis showed off outside our This White -whiskered Puffbird was "hiding" on the cabins at La Selva. Shortly thereafter, we got a trail before flying up to a perch! close flyby of two Great Green

A young male Slaty -tailed Trogon was perched at arm's length and totally unfazed by our presence. By now it was too dark to see much, but Great Tinamous were calling all around, and a couple Shor t-tailed Nighthawks flew over. What a memorable day!

Costa Rica Introtour: 11–12 February 2011 - 6 -

Though a good deal of rain over our two days Golden-hooded Tanager is an exceptionally at La Selva meant we weren't able to bird as common and beautiful resident at La Selva . much as we wanted, the forest floor was crawling with these little beauties. This is the "blue jeans" morph of Strawberry Poison-dart Frog ( Oophaga pumilio )-- for obvious reasons!

It's not often that a Gray -headed Kite will perch A quizzical look from a Crested Guan. in the open for you like this. The re was a Snowy Then again, do they have another look? Cotinga in the tree next door, too!

Costa Rica Introtour: 11–12 February 2011 - 7 -

Bronze-tailed (Red-footed) Plumeleteer. Common Tody-Flycatcher.

This male Scintillant Hummingbird was a reg ular Silver-throated Tanagers come at the feeders at Savegre Mountain Lodge. to eat at the fruit feeder.

Costa Rica Introtour: 11–12 February 2011 - 8 -

A Collared Whitestart wonder- White-throated Mountain -gem: ing where his cocktail is. one of my favorite .

This cool lizard was hanging Sooty-capped Bush-Tanager is the out by the hummer feeders. flock leader here, followed closely behind by Flame-throated Warbler.

Costa Rica Introtour: 11–12 February 2011 - 9 -

Flame-throated Warbler.

Spangle-cheeked Tanagers As were Yellow-winged Vireo... were also in the flocks.

Costa Rica Introtour: 11–12 February 2011 - 10 -

...and Ruddy Treerunner. Even the aptly-named Yellow-thighed Finch joined in.

The adorable Ochraceous Wren. Any morning that starts off with Zeledonia is a good one! This bird is a true enigma. Currently classified as a warbl er and called Wrenthrush, this stub-tailed wonder is none of those 3 things!

Costa Rica Introtour: 11–12 February 2011 - 11 -

Volcano Hummingbirds are abundant at the Which is where we found this Volcano Junco. higher elevations of Cerro de la Muerte.

And this awesome orchid, a me mber of the Telipogon. Based on the hairs surrounding the glossy red center, I suspect it is fly pollinated. It was at about 3300m.

Costa Rica Introtour: 11–12 February 2011 - 12 -

"That's a Hairy ?" It may require Speckled Tanagers were attending a feeder some suspension of disbelief, but yes, this brown, about halfway down the Pacific slope. short-bil led bird is currently classified as such.

This White-faced Capuchin came We found a massive understory flock this to yell at us at Carara Nat’l Park. morning composed of Dot-winged Antwren, Black-hooded Antshrike, Dusky Antbird, Rufous- and-white Wren, Streak-headed , , White -shouldered Tanager, Rufous- breasted Wren, Kentucky Warbler, and this very cooperative Chestnut-backed Antbird.

Costa Rica Introtour: 11–12 February 2011 - 13 -

Gray-capped Flycatcher.

Don't piss off a Boat-billed Heron! Male Cherrie's Tanager.

Costa Rica Introtour: 11–12 February 2011 - 14 -

The adorable American Pygmy Kingfisher. Bare-throated Tiger-Heron.

We saw landbirds from the boat, too. This is a Southern Lapwing. Turquoise-browed Motmot.

Costa Rica Introtour: 11–12 February 2011 - 15 -

White-throated Magpie-Jay tries to get into a Head shot. palm fruit

The always impressive Scarlet Macaw. Common Black-Hawk.

Costa Rica Introtour: 11–12 February 2011 - 16 -

Blue-throated Toucanet. An Azure-hooded Jay popped up from alongside the trail and posed for a while.

Voted bird of the trip was this awesome Long-tailed Manakin.

Costa Rica Introtour: 11–12 February 2011 - 17 -

Orange-bellied Trogon. This Prong-billed Barbet appeared over the hummer feeders right after an Olingo came to steal some nectar.

Black Guan. Green Violetear.

Costa Rica Introtour: 11–12 February 2011 - 18 -

Ed takes a photo of a Violet Sabrewing. Purple-throated Mountain-gem.

After 40 minutes of staring at this male Resplendent Quetzal (and his tail streamers blowing in the wind) we forced ourselves to walk away!

Costa Rica Introtour: 11–12 February 2011 - 19 -

The impressive suspension bridge at Monteverde offers a beautiful view into the canopy.

A lavender Jacaranda tree full of Crimson-fronted Parakeets greeted us when we arrived back at our San José hotel.

Costa Rica Introtour: 11–12 February 2011 - 20 - BIRD LIST

This list includes all the bird species that were recorded by at least one of us. and nomenclature closely follow the American Ornithologists Union, but some IOC rulings are also included. In any case, scientific names are included to leave no doubt. Quotation marks denote a possible future split. For instance, "Rufous -naped" Gray-chested Dove means that the “Rufous-naped” form may one day be split from Gray -chested Dove. Brackets denote the larger taxon from which a species has been split. For instance, Stripe- throated [Little] means that Stripe -throated Hermit was once considered a form of Little Hermit (and may still be by some authorities). Parentheses denote an alternate name used by some checklists. For example, Thicket (Fulvous -bellied) Antpitta means that Thicket Antpitta is sometimes called Fulv ous-bellied Antpitta. Yellow-headed Caracara

Total: 343 bird species, of which 18 were heard only and 5 were tallied only by me.

Annotations: h = heard only. L = leader only * = endemic to the southern Central America bioregion (from eastern Honduras to nothwesternmost ). (CR) = endemic to Costa Rica.

TINAMOUS TINAMIDAE h Great Tinamou Tinamus major h Slaty -breasted Tinamou Crypturellus boucardi GUANS, CHACHALACAS, & CRACIDAE CURASSOWS Crested Guan Penelope purpurascens Black Guan* Chamaepetes unicolor Great Curassow Crax rubra

Costa Rica Introtour: 11–12 February 2011 - 21 - NEW WORLD QUAIL ODONTOPHORIDAE Black -breasted Wood-Quail* Odontophorus leucolaemus GREBES PODICIPEDIDAE Pied -billed Grebe Podilymbus podiceps PELICANS PELECAN IDAE Brown Pelican Pelecanus occidentalis CORMORANTS &SHAGS PHALACROCORACIDAE Neotropic Cormorant Phalacrocorax brasilianus ANHINGAS ANHINGIDAE Anhinga Anhinga anhinga FRIGATEBIRDS FREGATIDAE Magnificent Frigatebird Fregata magnificens Bare -throated Tiger-Heron Tigrisoma mexicanum Great Blue Heron Ardea herodias Great Egret Ardea alba Snowy Egret Egretta thula Little Blue Heron Egretta caerulea Tricolored Heron Egretta tricolor Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis Green Heron Butorid es virescens Black -crowned Night-Heron Nycticorax nycticorax Yellow -crowned Night-Heron Nyctanassa violacea Boat -billed Heron Cochlearius cochlearius IBISES & SPOONBILLS THRESKIORNITHIDAE White Ibis Eudocimus albus Roseate Spoonbill Platalea a jaja STORKS CICONIIDAE Wood Stork Mycteria americana NEW WORLD VULTURES CATHARTIDAE Black Vulture Coragyps atratus Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura OSPREY PANDIONIDAE Osprey Pandion haliaetus HAWKS, EAGLES, & KITES ACCIPITRIDAE Gray -headed Kite Leptodon cayanensis Swallow -tailed Kite Elanoides forficatus Double -toothed Kite Harpagus bidentatus Plumbeous Kite Ictinia plumbea Barred Hawk Leucopternis princeps Semiplumbeous Hawk Leucopternis semiplumbeus Common (Mangrove) Black -Hawk Buteogallus anthracinus bangsi Roadside Hawk Buteo magnirostris Broad -winged Hawk Buteo platypterus Gray Hawk Buteo nitidus Zone -tailed Hawk Buteo albonotatus Red -tailed Hawk Buteo jamaicensis FALCONS & CARACARAS FALCONIDAE h Barred Fores t-Falcon Micrastur ruficollis Crested Caracara Caracara cheriway Yellow -headed Caracara Milvago chimachima

Costa Rica Introtour: 11–12 February 2011 - 22 - h Laughing Falcon Herpetotheres cachinnans Bat Falcon Falco rufigularis Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus THICK -KNEES BURHINIDAE Double -striped Thick-knee Burhinus bistriatus PLOVERS & LAPWINGS CHARADRIIDAE Southern Lapwing Vanellus chilensis Black -bellied Plover Pluvialis squatarola Wilson's Plover Charadrius wilsonia STILTS & AVOCETS RECURVIROSTRIDAE Black -necked Stilt Him antopus m. mexicanus JAÇANAS JACANIDAE Northern Jaçana Jacana spinosa SANDPIPERS & ALLIES SCOLOPACIDAE Spotted Sandpiper Actitis macularius Willet Tringa semipalmata Lesser Yellowlegs Tringa flavipes Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus Ruddy Turns tone Arenaria interpres Western Sandpiper Calidris mauri GULLS LARIDAE: LARINAE Laughing Gull Leucophaeus atricilla TERNS LARIDAE: STERNINAE Royal Tern Thalasseus maximus PIGEONS & DOVES COLUMBIDAE Rock Pigeon (I) Columba livia Pale -vented Pigeon Patagioenas cayennensis Red -billed Pigeon Patagioenas flavirostris Band -tailed Pigeon Patagioenas fasciata Short -billed Pigeon Patagioenas nigrirostris White -winged Dove Zenaida asiatica Mourning Dove Zenaida macroura Inca Dove Columb ina inca Ruddy Ground -Dove Columbina talpacoti White -tipped Dove Leptotila verreauxi h Gray -chested Dove Leptotila cassini L Chiriqui (Rufous -breasted) Quail-Dove* Geotrygon chiriquensis PARROTS PSITTACIDAE Sulphur -winged Parakeet* Pyrrhura hoff manni Crimson -fronted Parakeet Aratinga finschi Olive -throated Parakeet Aratinga nana Orange -fronted Parakeet Aratinga canicularis Great Green Macaw Ara ambiguus Scarlet Macaw Ara macao Orange -chinned Parakeet Brotogeris jugularis White -crowned Parrot Pionus senilis White -fronted Parrot Amazona albifrons Red -lored Parrot Amazona autumnalis Mealy Parrot Amazona farinosa Yellow -naped Parrot Amazona auropalliata

Costa Rica Introtour: 11–12 February 2011 - 23 - CUCKOOS CUCULIDAE Squirrel Cuckoo Piaya cayana Mangrove Cuckoo Coccyzu s minor Smooth -billed Ani Crotophaga ani Groove -billed Ani Crotophaga sulcirostris OWLS STRIGIDAE h Ferruginous Pygmy -Owl Glaucidium brasilianum NIGHTJARS & ALLIES CAPRIMULGIDAE Short -tailed Nighthawk Lurocalis semitorquatus Pauraque Nyctidr omus albicollis POTOOS NYCTIBIIDAE h Great Potoo Nyctibius grandis SWIFTS APODIDAE White -collared Swift Streptoprocne zonaris Vaux's Swift Chaetura vauxi Gray -rumped Swift Chaetura cinereiventris HUMMINGBIRDS TROCHILIDAE Long -billed Hermit longirostris cephalus Stripe -throated Hermit Phaethornis striigularis Scaly -breasted Hummingbird Phaeochroa cuvierii Violet Sabrewing Campylopterus hemileucurus Green Violetear Colibri thalassinus Violet -headed Hummingbird Klais gui meti Green Thorntail Discosura conversii Violet -crowned Woodnymph Thalurania colombica Fiery -throated Hummingbird* Panterpe insignis Blue -throated Goldentail Hylocharis eliciae Rufous -tailed Hummingbird Amazilia tzacatl Stripe -tailed Hummingbird Eupherusa eximia Coppery -headed Emerald* (CR) Elvira cupreiceps Snowcap Microchera albocoronata Bronze -tailed Plumeleteer Chalybura urochrysia Purple -throated Mountain-gem Lampornis calolaemus "Gray -tailed" White -th. Mountain-gem Lampornis cast aneoventris cinereicauda Green -crowned Brilliant Heliodoxa jacula "Armirable" Magnificent Hummingbird Eugenes fulgens spectabilis Purple -crowned Fairy Heliothryx barroti Magenta -throated Woodstar* Calliphlox bryantae Volcano Hummingbird* Selaspho rus flammula Scintillant Hummingbird* Selasphorus scintilla TROGONS TROGONIDAE Black -headed Trogon Trogon melanocephalus Gartered [Violaceous] Trogon Trogon [violaceus] braccatus Orange -bellied Trogon* Trogon aurantiiventris Slaty-tailed Trogon Trogon massena Lattice -tailed Trogon Trogon clathratus Resplendent Quetzal Pharomachrus mocinno MOTMOTS MOMOTIDAE Blue -diademed [Blue-cr.] Motmot Momotus [momota] lessonii Rufous Motmot Baryphthengus martii

Costa Rica Introtour: 11–12 February 2011 - 24 - Broad -billed Motmot Electron platy rhynchum Turquoise -browed Motmot Eumomota superciliosa KINGFISHERS ALCEDINIDAE Ringed Kingfisher Megaceryle torquata Belted Kingfisher Megaceryle alcyon Amazon Kingfisher Chloroceryle amazona Green Kingfisher Chloroceryle americana American Pygmy Kingfisher Chloroceryle aenea PUFFBIRDS BUCCONIDAE White -whiskered Puffbird Malacoptila panamensis JACAMARS GALBULIDAE Rufous -tailed Jacamar Galbula ruficauda TOUCAN -BARBETS SEMNORNITHIDAE Prong -billed Barbet* Semnornis frantzii TOUC ANS RAMPHASTIDAE Blue -throated [Emerald] Toucanet Aulacorhynchus [prasinus] caeruleogularis Collared Araçari Pteroglossus t. torquatus Chestnut -mandibled Toucan Ramphastos swainsonii Keel -billed Toucan Ramphastos sulfuratus PICIDAE Acorn Woodpecker Melanerpes formicivorus Black -cheeked Woodpecker Melanerpes pucherani Red -crowned × Hoffmann's Melanerpes rubricapillus × hoffmannii Woodpecker hybrid Hoffmann's Woodpecker Melanerpes hoffmannii Hairy Woodpecker Picoides villosus Rufous -winged Woodpecker Piculus simplex Golden -olive Woodpecker Colaptes rubiginosus Cinnamon Woodpecker Celeus loricatus Chestnut -colored Woodpecker Celeus castaneus Lineated Woodpecker Dryocopus lineatus FURNARIIDS (incl. FURN ARIIDAE: FURNARIINAE ) Red -faced Spinetail Cranioleuca erythrops Spotted Barbtail Premnoplex brunnescens Ruddy Treerunner* Margarornis rubiginosus Plain Xenops Xenops minutus Streaked Xenops Xenops rutilans Plain -brown Woodcreeper Dendrocincla fu liginosa ridgwayi Wedge -billed Woodcreeper Glyphorynchus spirurus Northern Barred -Woodcreeper Dendrocolaptes sanctithomae Cocoa Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus susurrans Spotted Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus erythropygius Streak -headed Woodcreeper Lepidoco laptes souleyetii Spot -crowned Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes affinis TYPICAL ANTBIRDS THAMNOPHILIDAE Fasciated Antshrike Cymbilaimus lineatus h Barred Antshrike Thamnophilus doliatus Black -hooded Antshrike* Thamnophilus bridgesi Plain Antvireo Dys ithamnus mentalis

Costa Rica Introtour: 11–12 February 2011 - 25 - Dot -winged Antwren Microrhopias quixensis Dusky Antbird Cercomacra tyrannina Chestnut -backed Antbird Myrmeciza exsul Bicolored Antbird Gymnopithys leucaspis Spotted Antbird Hylophylax naevioides Ocellated Antbird Phaenostictus mcleannani GNATEATERS CONOPOPHAGIDAE Black -crowned Gnatpitta Pittasoma michleri TAPACULOS RHINOCRYPTIDAE Silvery -fronted Tapaculo* Scytalopus argentifrons TYRANT FLYCATCHERS TYRANNIDAE Yellow Tyrannulet Capsiempis flaveola Greenish Elaeni a Myiopagis viridicata Mountain Elaenia Elaenia frantzii Torrent Tyrannulet Serpophaga cinerea Olive -striped Flycatcher Mionectes olivaceus Paltry Tyrannulet Zimmerius vilissimus parvus Northern Scrub -Flycatcher Sublegatus arenarum Northern Ben tbill Oncostoma cinereigulare Slate -headed Tody-Flycatcher Poecilotriccus sylvia Common Tody -Flycatcher Todirostrum cinereum h Yellow -olive Flycatcher Tolmomyias sulphurescens cinereiceps Royal Flycatcher Onychorhynchus coronatus mexicanus Ruddy -tailed Flycatcher Terenotriccus erythrurus Tufted Flycatcher Mitrephanes phaeocercus aurantiiventris Dark Pewee* Contopus lugubris Tropical Pewee Contopus cinereus brachytarsus/rhizophorus Yellow -bellied Flycatcher Empidonax flaviventris Yellowish Flycatcher Empidonax flavescens Black -capped Flycatcher* Empidonax atriceps Black Phoebe Sayornis nigricans Long -tailed Tyrant Colonia colonus Bright -rumped Attila Attila spadiceus L Rufous Mourner h. holerythra Dusky -capped Flycatcher tuberculifer Great Crested Flycatcher Myiarchus crinitus Great Kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus Boat-billed Flycatcher Megarynchus pitangua Social Flycatcher Myiozetetes similis Gray -capped Flycatcher Myiozetetes granadensis Streaked Flycatcher Myiodynastes maculatus Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus Scissor -tailed Flycatcher Tyrannus forficatus COTINGIDAE Snowy Cotinga Carpodectes nitidus MANAKINS PIPRIDAE White -collared Manakin Manacus candei Orange -collared Manakin* Manacus aurantiacus Long -tailed Manakin Chiroxiphia linearis

Costa Rica Introtour: 11–12 February 2011 - 26 - TITYRAS, etc. genera INCERTAE SEDIS Masked Tityra Tityra semifasciata Cinnamon Becard Pachyramphus cinnamomeus Rose -throated Becard Pachyramphus aglaiae VIREOS VIREON IDAE Mangrove Vireo Vireo pallens Yellow -throated Vireo Vireo flavifrons Yellow -winged Vireo* Vireo carmioli Brown -capped Vireo Vireo leucophrys Warbling Vireo Vireo gilvus Philadelphia Vireo Vireo philadelphicus Tawny -crowned Greenlet Hylop hilus ochraceiceps Lesser Greenlet Hylophilus decurtatus h Green Shrike -Vireo Vireolanius pulchellus h Rufous -browed Peppershrike Cyclarhis gujanensis CROWS, JAYS, & MAGPIES CORVIDAE White -throated Magpie-Jay Calocitta formosa Brown Jay Cyanocorax morio Azure -hooded Jay Cyanolyca cucullata SWALLOWS HIRUNDINIDAE Blue -and-white Swallow Pygochelidon cyanoleuca Northern Rough -winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx serripennis Southern Rough -winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx ruficollis Mangrove Swallo w Tachycineta albilinea Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica WRENS TROGLODYTIDAE Band -backed Wren Campylorhynchus zonatus Rufous -naped Wren Campylorhynchus rufinucha capistratus Black -throated Wren Thryothorus atrogularis h Black -bellied Wren Thryothor us fasciatoventris h Riverside Wren* Thryothorus semibadius Rufous -breasted Wren Thryothorus rutilus Rufous -and -white Wren Thryothorus rufalbus h Plain Wren Thryothorus modestus h "Canebrake" Plain Wren Thryothorus modestus zeledoni Southern House -Wren Troglodytes [aedon] musculus Ochraceous Wren* Troglodytes ochraceus h Timberline Wren* Thryorchilus browni White -breasted Wood-Wren Henicorhina leucosticta Gray -breasted Wood-Wren Henicorhina leucophrys collina h Northern Nightingale -Wren Mic rocerculus philomela GNATCATCHERS POLIOPTILIDAE h Long -billed Gnatwren Ramphocaenus melanurus Tropical Gnatcatcher Polioptila plumbea superciliaris THRUSHES & ALLIES TURDIDAE Black -faced Solitaire* Myadestes melanops Black -billed Nightingale-Thrush* Catharus gracilirostris Orange -billed Nightingale-Thrush Catharus aurantiirostris Slaty -backed Nightingale-Thrush Catharus fuscater Ruddy -capped Nightingale -Thrush Catharus frantzii

Costa Rica Introtour: 11–12 February 2011 - 27 - Wood Thrush Hylocichla mustelina Sooty Thrush (Robin)* Tu rdus nigrescens Mountain Thrush (Robin) Turdus plebejus Clay -colored Thrush (Robin) Turdus grayi SILKY -FLYCATCHERS PTILOGONATIDAE Long -tailed Silky-flycatcher* Ptilogonys caudatus NEW WORLD WARBLERS PARULIDAE Golden -winged Warbler Vermivora c hrysoptera Tennessee Warbler Vermivora peregrina Flame -throated Warbler* Parula gutturalis Tropical Parula Parula pitiayumi Yellow Warbler Dendroica [petechia] aestiva Mangrove [Yellow] Warbler Dendroica [petechia] erithachorides Chestnut -sided Warbler Dendroica pensylvanica Black -throated Green Warbler Dendroica virens Blackburnian Warbler Dendroica fusca Black -and-white Warbler Mniotilta varia American Redstart Setophaga ruticilla Prothonotary Warbler Protonotaria citrea Northern W aterthrush Seiurus noveboracensis Louisiana Waterthrush Seiurus motacilla Kentucky Warbler Oporornis formosus Wilson's Warbler Wilsonia pusilla Slate -throated Whitestart (Redstart) Myioborus miniatus comptus/aurantiacus Collared Whitestart (Redst art)* Myioborus torquatus Golden -crowned Warbler Basileuterus culicivorus Chestnut -capped [Rufous-cpd.] Basileuterus [rufifrons] delattrii Warbler Black -cheeked Warbler* Basileuterus melanogenys Three -striped Warbler Basileuterus tristriatus chitre nsis Buff -rumped Warbler Phaeothlypis fulvicauda ZELEDONIA genus INCERTAE SEDIS Zeledonia (Wrenthrush)* Zeledonia coronata BANANAQUIT COEREBIDAE Bananaquit Coereba flaveola mexicana TANAGERS & ALLIES THRAUPIDAE Common Bush -Tanager Chlorospi ngus ophthalmicus regionalis/novicius Sooty -capped Bush-Tanager* Chlorospingus pileatus L Dusky -faced Tanager Mitrospingus cassinii Carmiol's (Olive) Tanager c. carmioli White -th. Shrike-Tanager (Carib. race) Lanio l. leucothorax Wh ite-shouldered Tanager luctuosus L Tawny -crested Tanager Tachyphonus delatrii White -lined Tanager Tachyphonus rufus Crimson -collared Tanager Ramphocelus sanguinolentus Passerini's [Scarlet -rpd.] Tanager Ramphocelus passerinii Cherrie's [Scarlet-rpd.] Tanager Ramphocelus costaricensis Blue -gray Tanager Thraupis episcopus cana Palm Tanager Thraupis palmarum

Costa Rica Introtour: 11–12 February 2011 - 28 - Emerald Tanager florida Silver -throated Tanager Tangara icterocephala Speckled Tanager Tangara guttata Golden -hooded Tanager Tangara larvata Spangle -cheeked Tanager* Tangara dowii Blue Dacnis Dacnis cayana Green Honeycreeper Chlorophanes spiza Red -legged Honeycreeper Cyanerpes cyaneus L Black -and-yellow Tanager Chrysothlypis chrysomelas Slaty Flowerpiercer * Diglossa plumbea Blue -black Grassquit Volatinia jacarina Variable Seedeater (Caribbean race) Sporophila corvina corvina Variable Seedeater (Pacific race) Sporophila corvina hoffmannii Thick -billed Seed-Finch Oryzoborus funereus Yellow -faced Grassquit Tiaris olivaceus EMBERIZIDS EMBERIZIDAE Yellow -thighed Finch* Pselliophorus tibialis Large -footed Finch* Pezopetes capitalis Chestnut -capped Brush-Finch Arremon brunneinucha Orange -billed Sparrow Arremon aurantiirostris Black -striped Sparrow Arremonops conirostris White -eared Ground-Sparrow Melozone leucotis Rufous -collared Sparrow Zonotrichia capensis Volcano Junco* Junco vulcani SALTATORS genus INCERTAE SEDIS Grayish Saltator Saltator coerulescens Buff -throated Saltator Sal tator maximus CARDINALIDS CARDINALIDAE Summer Tanager Piranga rubra Flame -colored Tanager Piranga bidentata Red -throated Ant-tanager Habia fuscicauda Black -faced Grosbeak Caryothraustes poliogaster Rose -breasted Grosbeak Pheucticus ludovicianu s TROUPIALS & ALLIES ICTERIDAE Red -winged Blackbird Agelaius phoeniceus Melodious Blackbird Dives dives Great -tailed Grackle Quiscalus mexicanus Bronzed Cowbird Molothrus aeneus Giant Cowbird Molothrus oryzivorus Black -cowled Oriole Icterus prosthemelas Baltimore Oriole Icterus galbula Scarlet -rumped Cacique Cacicus uropygialis Chestnut -headed Oropendola Psarocolius wagleri Montezuma Oropendola Psarocolius montezuma FINCHES FRINGILLIDAE Scrub Euphonia Euphonia affinis Yellow -crowned Euphonia Euphonia luteicapilla Yellow -throated Euphonia Euphonia hirundinacea Olive -backed Euphonia Euphonia gouldi Golden -browed Chlorophonia* Chlorophonia callophrys

Costa Rica Introtour: 11–12 February 2011 - 29 - Yellow -bellied Siskin Carduelis xanthogastra OLD WORLD SPARROWS PASSERID AE House Sparrow (I) Passer domesticus

NOTABLE MAMMALS Brown-throated [Three-toed] Sloth Mantled Howler (Monkey) “Ornate” Geoffroy’s Spider Monkey White -faced Capuchin Olingo Collared Peccary White-nosed Coati

Costa Rica Introtour: 11–12 February 2011 - 30 -