Parish Council

Chalford Chalford Parish Parish Council

The Parish Centre, Geralds Way, Chalford, , . GL6 8FJ Telephone: 01453 887204 Design Statement Parish of Chalford Contents

Pages 1-2 1. Introduction Pages 27-29 5. Outer village areas 1.1 What is a Design Statement? 5.1 Key characteristics 1.2 Why a Design Statement for Chalford? 5.2 Design guidance for development outside 1.3 How the Design Statement has been produced conservation areas but within the settlement boundaries Pages 3-8 2. The Parish of Chalford 5.3 Design guidance for new development within 2.1 Location the curtilage of existing dwellings 2.2 Access 2.3 Topography and geology Pages 30-35 6. Areas outside the settlement boundaries 2.4 Historical development 6.1 Landscape characteristics 6.2 Design guidance for development outside the Pages 9-20 3. Chalford’s villages settlement boundaries 3.1 Chalford Hill 3.2 France Lynch Pages 35-36 7. Delivering high-quality design 3.3 Brownshill 7.1 Using the design statement 3.4 Old 7.2 Pre-application community involvement 3.5 Chalford Vale 3.6 Manor Village Pages 37-44 8. Appendices 3.7 General characteristics of the historic settlements 8.1 References used for defining the Cotswold 3.8 The countryside and undeveloped areas Vernacular style 8.2 Acknowledgements Pages 21-26 4. The Conservation Areas 8.3 Links between Chalford Design Statement 4.1 Key characteristics Guidelines and other policies 4.2 Design guidance for development in the 8.4 Listed buidlings in Chalford Conservation Areas 8.5 Design Statement Guidance 8.6 Conservation Area maps

Chalford Design Statement This Design Statement has been created Studio. Open meetings were held in 2013 These set out good design principles and to supplement the policies in the adopted to obtain parishioners’ concerns for the requirements that all new developments (2015) Local Plan. In the future, and area surveys were carried out will be expected to follow. In particular, future it is anticipated it will part of the to establish existing settings and building Delivery policy ES12 states that all new Chalford Neighbourhood Development Plan designs in February 2016. Stroud District development: and will provide householders (present Council has been involved regarding must be based on thorough site and future), architects, developers and “ compliance with the Local Plan policies. appraisal including reference to any council officers with particular reference Design Statements… be sensitive to points when considering any building work It has been prepared to be in compliance its context as well as contributing to within the Parish. with the National Planning Policy Frame- work (NPPF) 2012 which states that: sustainable living. Design quality, 1. Introduction In addition, Stroud District Council has in reflecting a thorough understanding of place a Protocol for Pre-Application “Developments should respond to the site context, must be demonstrated 1.1 What is a Design Statement? • Ensure similar standards are applied to timber in an area where stone is Community Involvement to which local character and history, and reflect as part of any proposal.” alterations, repair and maintenance of dominant. These are beginning to threaten Chalford Parish Council is a signatory. The Chalford Design Statement has the identity of local surroundings and existing properties. the important landscape setting of the been produced by the community of Though pre-application involvement materials, while not preventing or settlements and the Parish of Chalford as cannot be compulsory, early contact by discouraging appropriate innovation. Chalford to: 1.2 Why a Design Statement ” a whole. potential applicants with the Parish (NPPF Paragraph 58) • Describe the distinctive character of for Chalford? The Parish of Chalford is unquestionably Council, using this Protocol, is a proven its parish and villages It is also in compliance with Stroud District This Design Statement is necessary distinctive. The older settlements are way to ensure mutual benefit for all parties • Identify the landscape setting, the Local Plan (2015), in particular: because, although the parish is not separate and are set in a variety of strong involved in the development process. shape of the settlements and the facing any major developments, the large landscape settings with an interesting nature of the buildings • Core policy CP4 Making Places: number of minor changes in recent years geology that can affect building 1.3 How the Design Statement has a Spatial Vision for the Stroud District • Provide design guidance based on (extensions as well as new buildings) have construction. With the exception of the been produced. that distinctive local character and had a cumulative and negative impact on Manor Village development, Chalford • Chapter three: Shaping the future of sense of place valued by local people This document has been produced by the character of the various settlements. Parish settlements are built on steep the Stroud Valleys the Parish Council. It has been drafted by • Encourage all designers of new gradients and have a network of lanes • Delivery Policy ES12: Better design constructions to ensure that the new The main problems are the height of new and footpaths that create an area which the parishioners themselves under the build enhances the area in which it buildings in relation to their neighbours, is confusing to navigate. guidance of staff from Gloucestershire Rural of places is built and the extensive use of render and Community Council and consultants Place

1. Christ Church - Chalford. 2. 2. The Parish of Chalford View looking east over the roof tops of France Lynch towards Avenis and Oakridge. 2.1 Location The whole of the Parish is contained in • Chalford High Street - a narrow, level, single-track road with vehicle Chalford Parish is located in the Cotswold Area of Outstanding Beauty. Gloucestershire and covers an area of The control of the landscape and planning passing places. 120 hectares. It was formed mainly from issues are set out in their Management • Old Neighbourhood - with steep, enclosures of the common land of the Plan (2013-18). narrow corners managed through ancient Parish of Bisley in 1894, a 7.5 ton lorry limit. 2.2 Access incorporating the five villages of: Chalford, • Toadsmoor Road - narrow, steep Chalford Hill, Bussage, Brownshill and The main A419 is an important highway in in places with a traffic light controlled France Lynch. The Parish lies mostly to the Gloucestershire and carries vehicles up to section as it negotiates the scarp north of the A419, four miles east of Stroud 44 tonnes. It has two major pinch points: and eight miles northwest of . edge. This is the only route into the at the bottom of Cowcombe Hill and at The land form rises quite sharply from the Parish for HGVs. St. Mary’s Corner. Golden Valley in the south and Toadsmoor There is a minor road access from/to Valley in the west until it reaches the From this highway, there are three roads the Parish via Bisley. This is mainly used upper plateau. that take vehicles into the Parish: for commuters to/from Cheltenham and or the M5 motorway.

Chalford High Street. Old Neighbourhood. Toadsmoor. 3. 4. Relief and natural features

2.3 Topography and geology The combination in some places of unstable fuller’s earth and solid limestone Chalford occupies part of the northern has often affected the building work, e.g. flank of the valley of the river Frome, which houses sliding downhill and a need for runs roughly east-west from the substantial excavation or underpinning down through Stroud and for new and old buildings. Modern houses empties into the river Severn. This is one of have been built mainly in the upper several steep-sided heavily wooded valleys plateau to overcome these problems. incised into the main scarp slope of the Water courses are common within the Cotswolds that faces towards the Severn. Parish, both above and below ground. The Landscape assessment by the AONB whole Parish is a reactive catchment area divides the Parish into three main areas in terms of surface water. This is controlled - Settled Valleys, Escarpment and High by the use of sluice gates in the Toadsmoor Wold. The Parish is renowned for its steep and Frome valley. hillsides and scarp edges as well as it’s narrow roads and footpaths many of which have a gradient between 10% and 25%. Rack Hill has been likened to a quarry with sheer drops and narrow platforms running parallel to the valley bottom. The geology of the area consists mainly of inferior oolite and great oolite limestone layered with lias clay. This gives rise to spring lines running across the landscape.

Many quarries existed in the past to supply both building stone and roof tiles.

Waterspouts and wells are a feature of the Parish and Chalford Design Statement were the only source of water prior to the 1950s. Houses on Rack Hill. 5. The original winding and narrow roads hard times and by mid-20th century many were, in many cases, by-passed by the of the cottages were deemed unsuitable new Stroud-Cirencester turnpike in 1814 for habitation. Several parts of the Parish (now the A419). were without mains electricity, water, gas and sanitation until after the Second World Although there are records of habitations War. The arrival of utilities in the 1960s and at Bussage from the 13th century, Iles Mill. 1970s resulted in a degree of infill building. Chalford Hill, France Lynch and Brownshill started later on the edges of commons on In the 1970s, the historic value of the the higher slopes just below the rim of the villages and dwellings was recognised central plateau. By about 1810 many and many cottages were sold for 2.4 Historical development when the valley bottom offered no further for a time. The next important change was cottages had been built on the commons. renovation and extension. The result is sites, cottages were built on the hillsides the opening of the Great Western Railway The original villages of Chalford, Chalford a collection of houses and cottages that above, an area sometimes referred to as line in 1845, built along the valley beside The long fingers of common which Hill, France Lynch, Bussage and Brownshill can still be matched to their original Little Switzerland. the canal. A station was opened in remained, snaking between the cottages, were squatter settlements for handloom period, along with many buildings that Chalford village in 1897 and there was also were largely taken in as gardens at the weavers and other cloth workers as a However, the valley bottom remained the were originally merchants’ houses, pubs a halt west of the village. Both stations enclosure of 1869, leaving the network of result of the expansion of the woollen location of larger houses for mill owners or meeting rooms. closed in 1964. narrow paths that is so distinctive today. industry in the early Middle Ages. and others. The area called Rack Hill was In the late 1970s, development began on named because of the many racks used The cottages seen today mostly date The growth of Chalford itself, based on the plateau belonging to the Manor Farm from the late 18th century. Despite a mills on the River Frome, had begun to dry the cloth, including the “Stroud in Bussage. This resulted in the Manor by the late 12th century. With the Scarlet”, used for the red coats of the strong base of non-conformism, all the Village development of approximately establishment of other mills along the valley British Army. settlements were liberally provided with 1,000 homes, completed between 1980 public houses. Most have now gone, bottom, this produced a long, straggling As the wool trade ebbed and flowed, so and 2008. with the buildings either demolished or settlement. did the population and prosperity of the converted to houses. The valley road through Chalford was first area, though the opening of the Thames developed in the late 17th and early 18th and Severn Canal in 1789 helped to The Round House, Chalford. By the mid-19th century, with the decline centuries. From the later 18th century, create further, if different, jobs, at least of the cloth industry, the villagers fell on

7. Typical old cottage. 8. 3. Chalfords Villages 3.1 Chalford Hill popular pub. The narrow lanes form a network along the contours of the land Chalford parish is composed of The settlement of Chalford Hill is with links up and down the hillside, some five historic settlements, plus the ¯ arranged in a crescent shape on the side wide enough for cars but others only for newer Manor Village. All five historic of the Golden Valley and two secondary pedestrians. These were initially used settlements have Conservation valleys. It is the largest of the five villages. for workers to walk from their homes to Areas at their cores which require The majority of the houses and the mills in the valley. Because of their sensitive design when new building cottages are in the Cotswold Vernacular steep gradients, donkeys were used to plans are proposed. style, being built of local Cotswold stone transport goods and wool products. 6 Chalford Vale is of special interest with steep sloping roofs. Windows are small with narrow cross-glazing bars. In most areas, cottages are aligned to Industrial Heritage followers. It 2 4 alongside the roads and lanes. Plots are was recognised by Heritage Sash windows are present in later in the late 1990s, and as additions to cottages and larger houses. smaller than those in the more outlying a result became part of the large 1 Many properties have porches, which are villages. The lower parts of the village Industrial Heritage Conservation of varying designs. A few are original to drop sharply over the scarp edge to Area. This has its own policies for the cottage, but most are later timber Marle Hill and Rack Hill, where cottages change and development, which 3 5 additions. Chimneys are present in all and their gardens are perched on narrow must be consulted for any changes older properties, often made of stone strips of level ground previously used in the Vale area. slabs, but are now redundant or housing to dry cloth. These are retained by high a metal flue. (Old stone fireplaces with a walls. Though access for cars is difficult stone flue often leaked smoke into or non-existent in places, the views compensate for this and these are ChalfordChalford Par iVillagessh Boundaries upper rooms.) 21/10/2016 Scale - 1:9,679 0 125 250 500 Meters popular areas in which to live. (C) Crown copyright and database rights 2016 Ordnance Survey 100019682 The village originally had a centre with

1. Chalford Hill 3. Brownshill 5. Chalford Vale a post office and several shops, but these have now largely become 2. France Lynch 4. Old Bussage 6. Manor Village dwellings, and the focal points are now the flourishing primary school and the

9. Cottage on roadside in Chalford Hill. 10. The village contains many listed properties, valley views are especially beautiful in A playing field, known as the Pleasure 3.2 France Lynch Within the Conservation Area there are which are mainly on its outer edges. These spring and autumn. Ground, and allotments are on the two rows of bungalows built in the France Lynch is situated in a small valley to were built mainly by wealthy clothiers. Many outer fringe of the village. On the outskirts 1960s which provide accommodation for Chalford Hill has a somewhat limited the north east of Chalford Hill. It is served were extensively added to in the 19th of the older part of the village on the people aged over 55. Other later homes range of facilities. As noted, many pubs by two narrow roads which run along the century and are still being modernised. plateau small estates, Down View and have been built both inside and outside the and shops were converted into contours of the valley, both of which have Tylers Way were built in the post war Conservation Area. Property boundaries were built in dry residences in the 20th century. There are era. These provide single and two storey HGV vehicle exclusion. Some cottages stone construction to contain animals and now four shops: a butcher; an electrical homes with generous gardens. On the are arranged alongside these roads with The only through roads are narrow lanes to mark property ownership. Most are still sales and repair shop; a fish and chip main routes out of the village there has generous gardens and open aspects. The leading to small hamlets in the adjacent in place, ranging in height from 1.5 to 3 shop, and a hairdresser. The main leisure been a certain amount of ribbon majority of the village is in the Conservation parish of Bisley with Lypiatt which means metres though in many places in the establishments are the Old Neighbourhood development, council and private. Though Area, with a few homes on its outer edges. the village has a quiet atmosphere lower part of the village, walls retain land Inn, and the Sports and Social club, the this is the largest of the settlements it The settlement boundary is quite small with welcomed by residents. of 3 to 4 metres, and some even higher. latter being a home to a range of sports little opportunity for development. retains a separation from the other villages The village is well provided with allotments (Rack Hill and Marle Hill). In a number of and social activities. by strips of pastureland and woodland. All the older properties within the on the upper area. There is a recreation places home owners have been allowed The Methodist Church Rooms as well as settlement area were built in the Cotswold ground and other sports facilities on to re-route a boundary wall to allow for off the rooms of St John’s Church in France Vernacular style as in Chalford Hill, but Highfield Way. A well used church, church road parking. Lynch offer more venues for clubs the presence of fuller’s earth on the lower rooms and pub are also in the higher part A particular feature of this village is its and meetings. slope has caused a few cottages to need of the village. water spouts and troughs from which water under-pinning, and some later bungalows The village has good views in and out, runs all year round. Many houses were built to be demolished. particularly from Avenis on the near the spring line and have wells in Additional living space added to small northeast boundary. their gardens. cottages and bungalows has led to The views from this village are highly unsympathetic building height and style in valued. Being on the south facing slope several places, making the Conservation of the scarp edge, views across to the Area less obvious on the ground.

ROOMS opposite side of the valley can be seen in CHURCH

a wide arc, and walking along the edge, France Lynch 11. View of Chalford Vale. Chalford Hill Primary School. Church Rooms of St. John’s Church. allotments. 12. 3.4 Old Bussage The church of St. Michael and All Angels lies on the lower slope of the village. A Old Bussage is still identifiable, regardless popular pub lies just near the top of of the large development of houses on its the slope. A village hall offers space for doorstep. It has a small central green area, meetings, playgroups and clubs. A off which lanes radiate in all directions. primary school, built within the Manor The Conservation Area of vernacular Farm development, provides education facilities for the young. View of Brownshill from Hyde. properties follows the linear layout of the village and it includes all the older properties spilling down the scarp. The mix 3.3 Brownshill at its centre and many cottages housed has to be considered in principle as being of large houses and small cottages, some members of the faith. Up to the 1990s, this appropriate to the countryside and in This historic village is probably the bordering the lanes creates a confusing led to very little development taking place. relation to the surrounding agricultural smallest of the five. It is on the south place to navigate. Trees dominate the Since this use has ceased, cottages have landscape character. facing side of the main Chalford valley, landscape, more so than in other villages. been bought privately and extended, but with beautiful views to The views across the valley mean that the settlement retains its feeling of peace A popular recreation ground and skate and Burleigh. It has a network of small Brownshill could be regarded as a and quiet. ramp are on the plateau next to The Frith lanes and no through traffic. The land public vantage point and in the past Youth Centre which offers a variety of clubs It has a small area of allotments and planning applications have been refused drops down steeply with properties for all ages. Frith Wood lies to the east of scattered on the slopes. It has a general recreation ground on the upper level. It on the grounds that the opposite view Bussage, between Old Neighbourhood and feeling of openness and separation. The has no pub now but the Railway Tavern from across the valley could be spoilt by the recreation ground. This original area style of the cottages follow the Cotswold once provided refreshment for workers in an unsuitable development in Brownshill. of woodland is part owned by a private Vernacular, and in most cases they were the steep valley below. One or two larger The small Roman Catholic Church of St. company, with its eastern strip owned by small but with large gardens. houses and a farm can be found at the far Mary of the Angels is set on the lower edge the Parish Council. It is a much valued end of the village. of the village overlooking the Frome Valley. Large parts of this village were owned local wood which is classified as ‘ancient by the Roman Catholic Church for many Brownshill is outside the settlement woodland’ with a high wildlife value. It used years. It had a convent home and church boundary and therefore any new building for recreation and dog walking. The church of St. Michael and All Angels. Frith Wood. 13. 14. 3.5 Chalford Vale High Street, with two ancient spring in the 18th and 19th centuries, grander especially in the recreation ground. Buses and artists’ studios, which all make troughs supplying water to the inhabitants frontages have been added at a later date. on the main road carry passengers to Stroud, use of old mill buildings. This industrial This area is different from the hillside in the past. Flooding continues to be a Listed properties abound, both residential Cirencester, and even London. estate is the main centre of employment villages, having a considerable valley area hazard. High rainfall causes banks between and industrial. A row of brick-built cottages in the Parish. with a strong industrial heritage. Part of London Road, the main A419, runs through the river and canal to give way. was built in the 19th century just below the area is in the Stroud Industrial Heritage Chalford Vale parallel to the main railway line, Peter van der Waals’ famous workshop the canal to house railway workers. the River Frome, and the mostly unrestored Conservation Area with its special controls The environment agency monitors river producing Arts and Crafts fine furniture was Rack Hill, on the steep slope to the north canal. Alongside the main road and river are and planning guidance. levels and a local group carries out river housed in Halliday’s Mill, close to where the of the High Street, provides good views some substantial houses set in their clearance at least once a year fulfilling their A419 crosses the River Frome. Chalford Vale stretches roughly from across the valley, although trees intrude in own grounds. St. Mary’s Corner to beyond the Valley riparian responsibilities. Because The reclaiming of places. The best views can be obtained These are from a variety of periods but Playing Field at the east end of the High of the narrow road, parking is a constant in this area has commenced in one or two from the east end of Rack Hill, looking most originated as a result of the wool trade. Street. It has its own distinct identity being problem, which can make it very difficult places, creating an area of open water near towards Stroud. A few terraces of old stone cottages cling a narrow strip of land filled with historic mill for access by large vehicles. Some parts of the Round House and a re-laid towpath. This Two areas of open fields separate the to the northern face of the hillside. Christ buildings, cottages and clothiers’ houses, the high retaining walls have been pushed is used as a walking and cycle route in both villages of Chalford Hill and the Vale. Church and its adjacent village hall act as a river, a canal, and the main line railway back and rebuilt to allow for parking. directions all the way to Stroud and beyond They are privately owned and are used a fulcrum point at the junction of Old which runs along the northern side of as well as along the former canal eastwards. Again, the design and materials of the as pony paddocks. Neighbourhood, with the Primary School the valley. tucked into the side of a small offshoot valley, The two waterways create a wildlife haven properties follow the Cotswold The Vale is well supplied with facilities, with large period houses built on the valley and corridor. Kingfishers, herons, otters High Street, towards the east of the Vale, is Vernacular, but in this area it has been including a primary school, community side beyond the school. and water voles together with the common narrow but filled with properties built on applied to much larger properties than in shop, public house, café and recreation moor-hens and coots flourish here. The flow the edge of the road. The gradient rises the villages. Though the majority were built ground. There is easy access to the river, The main road is supported by a high steeply to the north, and cottages and retaining wall at St. Mary’s Corner, a pinch of the river and canal is by sluice gates houses cling to the slope, giving rise to the point on the A419. More mill buildings are when water levels are high. term “Little Switzerland”. Because of the also present along the river. Tree cover is extensive on the southern steep hill and scattered cottages, donkeys A busy industrial estate lies between the slope of the valley causing regular tree were used to navigate the steep footpaths A419 London Road and the railway. It management to prevent ”leaves on the line”. and alleyways. Gardens of the roadside includes the Pangolin Foundry, situated Trees have also grown up on either side of properties spread between the road, between the river and the canal, builders’ Old Neighbourhood, creating a tunnel in canal and river. Water is a feature of the merchants, garage services, farm supplies midsummer. Chalford Place.

15. River Frome. Bank rebuilt for parking. 16. 3.7 General characteristics of the and separate developments - Victorian, were used by mill workers to walk to work. historic settlements Edwardian and small post-war estates, They are often very steep, with many some for the elderly. In the Vale, houses having a considerable number of steps. The five historic villages all show are mainly arranged along the lines of the some common characteristics. The paths are maintained by road and river. Gloucestershire County Council and the 3.7.1 Layout of buildings 3.7.2 Roads and lanes Parish Council. In most cases, cottages and houses were Internal roads are mainly narrow and 3.7.4 Views built in an apparently random pattern, mainly bounded by mainly dry stone walls, Manor Village. taking advantage of level patches of with no discernible verges. In some areas Most villages have open spaces from ground, access to water and a southerly cottages are built right up to the road which views can be seen, often across aspect. In all the separate villages there are roofs and out into the surrounding 3.6 Manor Village but are mainly of dry stone finish, especially Bus services from Stonehouse and Stroud edge. Drainage is sometimes a problem one or more large properties that were countryside or hillside (and in some cases on the main routes. run through the development and on to on the steep inclines, drains getting Large scale house building took place built by clothiers or the church. These are back to the village from across the main Chalford Hill and France Lynch. blocked with fallen leaves. on Manor Farm land from the late 1970s There are strict conditions covering this surrounded by large areas of garden valley). In many areas, such as Rack Hill, 3.7.3 Footpaths to the late 2000s, led by a number of development from what can be parked There are several open green spaces which, in some cases, have been used large unregulated trees have grown on developers. Manor Village has a coherent on driveways to a limit on new builds. for ball games and recreation. As noted, for development over the years. In all the All the villages, old and new, have networks the steep hillside, obscuring some and harmonious architectural style, using Houses can be enlarged and Frith Wood on the edge of the estate is villages there is evidence of later additions of footpaths. In the older villages, the paths acknowledged historic views. the Cotswold Vernacular as a basis of its conservatories added, but gardens are an ancient deciduous woodland with rare design. There are over 1,000 houses and limited in size, which offers little opportunity species and valuable wildlife habitat. bungalows built of a limited palette for new detached buildings. of reconstituted stone and tiles. The Through roads link the estate to village is well laid out on the plateau above surrounding areas, and facilities include Old Bussage, with street lighting and a primary school, a convenience store, pavements. The homes cover a full range chemist, takeaway and a doctors’ surgery. of dwellings, including small terraces, two, three and four bedroom houses. All have On the eastern outskirts of the village a at least one parking area and most have petrol station, car workshop and small shop average sized gardens. Boundaries vary provide essential items for the traveller. Views and sense of space. Narrow lanes, bounded by dry stone walls. Footpaths crisscross the valley sides. 17. 18.. 3.7.5 Wildlife bats, butterflies and other insects. A wide 3.7.6 Green spaces of the villages have retained at least one on the higher plateau to the north of the public house. parish are laid down to crop rotation. On The whole area is full of wildlife; this range of large and small birds can be found The historic villages have at least one the land that provides the ”green belt” that includes deer, foxes, badgers, frogs, toads, all year round, including buzzards and jays. small open space in the main part of the 3.8 The countryside and separates Chalford Hill from Manor Village village, on which there are at least one or undeveloped areas development and Eastcombe (in Bisley Chalford Key Wildlife Sites two trees. In some cases smaller green The rural areas of the Parish can be Parish), the fields are farmed sensitively for areas have been commandeered for divided into steep wooded hills, valleys grazing animals, being too steep for arable parking. This is a great problem in all and open agricultural land. The wooded land. The Avenis Green area above the villages. Some home owners have valleys are: Toadsmoor, Skiveralls Wood, France Lynch also has open fields, but re-routed their boundary walls to Parish Wood and Oldhills Wood. Other the gradients are still fairly steep and are accommodate their vehicles. heavily wooded areas are Rack Hill and usually grazed. 3.7.8 Churches and pubs the Old Neighbouring area. Open scrubland can also be found on the Open fields between Chalford Hill and Old All the villages have at least one church, hillside of Toadsmoor, Dimmel’s Dale and Neighbourhood and above Rack Hill all Victorian or later. Apart from small Blackness. When grazed by sheep or contribute to the separation of the villages. chapels, all are still in operation. The pubs horses, steep hillsides can remain open, The fields are important in maintaining the have not fared so well, many having been but when grazing ceases scrubland and distinctions between and the definition of converted to dwellings, but the majority trees soon take over. The agricultural areas the individual settlements.

Farmland above Chalford Hill. Wooded Hillside. Saint Marys Catholic Church. 19. 20. Eastcombe ¯

4. Conservation Areas The first five of these Conservation Areas 4.1 Key characteristics in the bottom of the Frome valley. The have no Stroud District Council cottages were usually built near springs or Features of the Conservation Areas in The Parish has six Conservation Conservation Area Statement. Chalford had wells in their gardens or kitchens. (See the five historic villages are very similar Areas, covering the core of the Hill, France Lynch and Bussage and page 5 for a map of springs in the area) because originally they all developed as historic settlements and the Brownshill Conservation Areas have had The arrangement of dwellings in places a response to the needs of the woollen industrial area along the valley. no boundary changes since their original appears as a scatter across the landscape, industry and developed as self-sufficient designation. St. Mary’s and Belvedere Mills while others are arranged alongside the Chalford Hill was subsumed into the Industrial Heritage working communities with one or two narrow, winding lanes. This creates a - designated in 1986 Conservation Area, which runs along the shops, a post office, trades people variety of plot size. Brownshill and France and builders. France Lynch valley bottom. A detailed Conservation Lynch tend to have larger gardens. FranceFrance LLynchynch - designated in 1986 Area Statement and Design Guide were 4.1.1 Setting adopted 2008 for the Industrial Heritage 4.1.2 Design Brownshill and Old Bussage Conservation Area. A small part of the The five historic villages differ mostly in Most of the cottages are built in what could - designated in 1991 their setting. Chalford Hill covers the steep ChalfordChalford HillHill Chalford Vale Conservation Area was be called “Cotswold Vernacular” style, that included in the Industrial Heritage scarp edge as well as part of the plateau, is steeply pitched roofs with ridge tiles Chalford Vale Conservation Area Review (2006-8), whereas France Lynch sits on the side of a and coping, tall chimneys, symmetrically - designated in 1986 Brownshill and Bussage resulting in small boundary changes to the small upper valley. Bussage and Brownshill balanced design with evenly spaced St. Mary’s and Belvedere original Chalford Vale Conservation Area. are set just below the ridge. The Vale is all windows, large internal window sills of ChalfordChalford ValeVale

- designated in 1986 Industrial Heritage Conservation Area Stroud Industrial Heritage Conservation area - designated in 1987 Industrial Heritage Conservation Area St.St. Mary’sMary's & BelvedereBelvedere Detailed maps of all conservation areas can be found in Appendix 8.6. ChalfordChalford ParishParish Conservationconservation aAreasreas 21/10/2016 Scale - 1:9,679

0 125 250 500 Meters (C) Crown copyright and database rights 2016 Ordnance Survey 100019682

Stone boundary walls provide sense of enclosure. 2 storey stone houses predominate. Original details and features. 21. 22. stone or wood and detailed window painted with a lime wash for extra problem for emergency and other service surrounds of stone. There are no barge protection, but this lime washed vehicles. Where driveways are present, boards or eaves fascias. They all have a appearance is no longer visible. Modern surfaces vary from loose gravel, Cotswold sense of proportion, place and “rightness” property walls are either real stone, chippings to paviours. that seems to have been intuitive reconstituted stone or finished with a 4.1.5 Listed Buildings and other throughout the generations of local cement render. At a time when bricks were Heritage Assets builders. This was a result of technologies cheaper than mined stone small terraces and materials available at the time. The were built to accommodate rail or other There are 105 listed buildings within majority of cottages have been added to workers. Rack Hill has several brick the Parish (see appendix 8.4 p37). They over the years, some more sensitively than cottages. (Stonehouse and Ryford had are mainly the large merchant houses others. Originally many would have been brickworks until the 1970s.) or those which have a particular historic single story with an attic, but there is feature such as Grey Cot in Chalford Hill Most roofs have been replaced over time plenty of evidence of an additional storey which has an engraved window. Other so it is rare to find original Cotswold tiles. being added at a later date. Dormer features such as a special porch are also Some have been replaced with windows often break up the steeply listed. Industrial mill buildings and churches reconstituted tiles or slate, mostly blending pitched roofs. Because original inhabitants are included in the lists. Any development in with the colour palette. In some cases often had looms installed on of or near these buildings must be of stone and timber porches are found, some upper floors, these rooms had large special architectural merit, and conform original, some added at a later date. windows for better light. to the requirements of Heritage England. 4.1.4 Boundaries and Driveways In all the Conservation Areas, more modern houses have been built with the The majority of boundaries are traditional design and materials of the majority Cotswold dry stone walls built to an successfully blending in with the older approximate height of 90cm. In many properties. These provide exemplars of cases walls were built to retain animals what is achievable and appropriate. and land and are a feature in all of the areas. Some owners have re-routed their 4.1.3 Materials boundary walls to accommodate their The majority of older houses and cottages vehicles. This can improve the movement are built of Cotswold limestone quarried of traffic but, in many places, such as Sympathetic extension to an old cottage. the High Street, parked cars still pose a locally. There is evidence that many were Organic building form. 23. 24. 4.2 Design guidance for 4.2.1 Setting and Design 4.2.2 Materials development within the C1: New buildings and extensions should reflect the character of their surroundings, C8: Natural Cotswold stone is the preferred material for external walls fronting Conservation Areas enhance the overall appearance of the Conservation Area and be sympathetic to the roads and footpaths. Existing local character and materials will be an important (village cores) existing pattern of development in terms of bulk, scale and massing. consideration. Where stone is used it should be sourced to match the colour of existing stone frontages. Other walling materials, such as reconstituted stone, The 1990 Planning (Listed C2: Planning applications for new development and for alterations and extensions to render and timber cladding may be acceptable, particularly on other elevations, Buildings and Conservation existing buildings should clearly show how the proposed development relates to its or to match existing materials. Render should be coloured to harmonise and blend Areas) Act requires that special neighbours in terms of height, scale and massing. Photomontages, spot heights and with the local palette. attention is paid to the protection three dimensional sketches can help demonstrate this. and enhancement of a C9: Roof materials and pitch should be in keeping with existing and surrounding C3: Modern room heights and building regulations mean that new buildings tend to Conservation Area and places buildings. Tile and slate have been widely used to replace the original stone tiles. stand higher than original cottages. To mitigate this, on sloping sites in particular, additional development control Good quality reproduction stone tiles laid in decreasing courses may be used to buildings should generally be designed to sit in the landscape rather than be raised on new works, as well as seeking match original stone tiles. Pitched roof as opposed to flat roof dormers are usually above it, in order to minimise visual impact and overlooking of neighbouring properties. to minimise the loss of the existing more in keeping with the local building style. Conservation style or similar small built and natural environment. C4: Views into and out of the hillside villages from public vantage points are a key roof lights are preferable where roofs are visible from the road. Stainless steel and element in the character of the conservation areas. The impact of new development concrete flues should be sited so as not to be visible from the road or flues should on this wider ‘villagescape’ should be taken into consideration. be incorporated within masonry stacks. C5: Extensions to existing properties should not overwhelm or obscure the original C10: In the Conservation Area, replacement windows and doors should be building or result in overdevelopment of the site. Differentiation in terms of height or constructed using traditional materials, detailing and design. UPVC is not setback can be helpful to distinguish a later addition from an original property. Loss generally appropriate. It is important that replacement windows and doors give a of off-street car parking space should generally be avoided where there is a lack of similar visual appearance to those in the existing house in terms of overall shape, parking space in the immediate area colour and size of frame.

C6: Contemporary design is acceptable but it should complement and not 4.2.3 Boundaries overwhelm in its form, scale, massing and use of materials within the context of Dry stone boundary walls are an important part of the character of the surrounding buildings. C11: villages and should be retained, repaired and reinstated as appropriate. New C7: Particular attention should be given to the location of natural watercourses and boundaries to roads and footpaths should also be built using Cotswold dry springs which are common in this area. Diversion or blocking of watercourses can stone construction to blend with existing boundaries. cause flooding or other problems for surrounding properties and should be avoided.

25. Modern extension in natural stone.. 26. 5. Outer Village Areas 5.2 . Design guidance for development in areas outside the village cores but 5.3 Design guidance for new inside the settlement boundaries. development within the curtilage 5.1 Key characteristics Houses can be found from all periods, and Due to its mainly Roman Catholic of existing dwellings inside the most have been built in the Cotswold style residency over the years, Brownshill has C12: Planning applications for new development and for alterations and settlement boundaries Most of the villages have experienced extensions to existing buildings should clearly show how the proposed in generous plots of land. Brick has been virtually no post-war development, and subsequent development outside the development relates to its neighbours in terms of height, scale and mass. C19: Planning permission for new used for one particular terrace near since it is outside the settlement boundary, conservation areas, some more than separate dwellings within existing no new builds are allowed, unless for C13: The impact of any new development on the character and setting of others. Village maps show that the school. residential plots may be granted agricultural purposes. an adjoining Conservation Area should be taken into account. Chalford Hill and Old Bussage have according to the following conditions France Lynch has a few later dwellings built in addition to the design guidance had the most, particularly Bussage. within the Conservation Area, including two Bussage is the village that has most new C14: The height, scale bulk and massing of buildings should respect their development on its boundaries. There has surroundings and not be overbearing or have a material adverse impact on relevant to the location of the The later building in Chalford Hill tends to rows of bungalows, originally for the proposed site. been some infill, mainly bungalows built the privacy and amenity of neighbours. be alongside routes leading to the central elderly. A few infill developments took place in grounds of bigger properties. The main • The site must be large enough to part of the village, such as Middle Hill, Dr in the 1970s in the centre of the village, C15: The use of materials that reflect those used in surrounding buildings is new build has been built on the upper allow for adequate private amenity Middletons Road and Highfield Way. Small most noticeably one opposite the church. to be preferred. plateau where the land is relatively flat. space to be created for each dwelling. estates such as Down View,Tylers Way and Bungalows on Highfield Way are outside This is Manor Village development, as C16: The Manor Farm development has a cohesive design, style and use of Aston View were built post-war. the Conservation Area. materials. Extensions and new developments should respect and maintain • The development must allow for the described earlier in this document. this sense of harmony and cohesion. minimum number of off-street parking The Vale area has a range of later spaces per dwelling as set out in the C17: Extensions to existing properties should not overwhelm or obscure the Local Plan parking standards. dwellings, either replacing mills or old original building or result in overdevelopment of the site. Materials should be buildings associated with the mills. This is sympathetic to those used in the main building. Loss of off-street car parking C20: The character of the villages, evident on the land of Belvedere House space should generally be avoided where there is a lack of parking space in and Conservation Areas in particular, and Mill. A small riverside group of terraced the immediate area. is as much determined by the pattern houses was built in the 1980s. of space between buildings as the C18: Stone boundary walls should be retained or reinstated where possible buildings themselves. The setting of The Industrial Heritage Statement of 2008, and a commitment given to ongoing management and maintenance in the the original dwelling within the land- makes any development in the whole of design statement. scape and street scene should not be the Vale subject to strict control. adversely affected and the density of projected development should reflect that of the surrounding area.

27. Post-war development Chalford Hill. Victorian red brick. 28. Settlement Development Limits ¯ 6. Areas Outside the Settlement Boundaries

6.1 Landscape characteristics The five Landscape Areas, shown on The main access road runs up across the map overleaf are: the scarp hillside. The land on either side This is primarily countryside and hillside is mainly wooded, as is the land on the • Toadsmoor valley and Blackness with isolated dwellings. The landscape far side of this small valley. This wood is assessment undertaken by the AONB • Old Neighbouring and Chalford classified as Ancient Woodland. In the divides the Parish into three main areas Lynch (Chalford Hill) valley below, rough pasture and – Settled Valleys, Escarpment and High sheep-grazed land leads down to a Wold. Stroud District Council’s • Upper Wold area number of large listed dwellings. A Landscape Assessment is only slightly • Dimmel’s Dale stream runs down the centre, entering different, locating most of the Parish the Frome in the valley. Higher up this within a type described as ‘Secluded • Old Hills Wood and Avenis Green small valley, crossed by the access road, Valleys’ and a small area to the north 6.1.1 Toadsmoor and Blackness lies more uncultivated grassland. This as ‘Wold Tops’. area is essential to maintain separation This steep-sided valley area is mostly of Chalford Hill from Bussage, as well as Surveys of the landscape across the tree covered, except for some open being an important wildlife corridor. Parish were carried out in February grassland above Blackness. The only 2016 by local residents, again using buildings are some cottages alongside A number of dwellings are alongside nationally adapted versions of accepted Toadsmoor Road and above Blackness. the Old Neighbourhood road, and two methodologies. For the purpose of this This area is particularly good for views, listed houses are present in Abnash. exercise the Parish was divided into looking down and across the valley. Boundaries are mainly of dry stone but several areas, solely to make the apart from property boundaries, are in 6.1.2 Old Neighbouring and surveying practical. Bringing local poor repair. In the higher area hedges Chalford Lynch survey results and the AONB and have replaced walls. District analysis together, the following This is one of the main uncultivated is a summary description of the SettlementChalford P aDevelopmentrish conserv Boundariesation areas strips of land that has great importance, 21/10/2016 Scale - 1:9,679 Parish landscape. providing road access to the parish. 0 125 250 500 Meters (C) Crown copyright and database rights 2016 Ordnance Survey 100019682 29. 30. Toadsmoor and Blackness

Old Neighbouring and Chalford Lynch

Upper Wold area

Dimmel’s Dale

Oldhills Wood and Avenis Green

Chalford Lynch. This wood is classified as Ancient Woodland.

6.1.3. Upper Wold area The lower part includes the Valley Playing 6.1.5 Oldhills Wood and Avenis Green Field and the small area of woodland used Gently undulating open farmland is the Oldhills Wood is one of the large by bikers, making an interesting rise and main land cover. Crops are rotated on a wooded areas of the parish. It extends fall course! regular basis. Isolated groups of trees can from the valley road to the top of the point to small quarry excavation in the There is a clutch of large listed houses plateau area above France Lynch. All the past. A few isolated houses, farms and at the junction of the High Street and steep slopes are heavily wooded beech farm buildings are scattered across the Dimmel’s Dale, most in large plots trees. As the ground rises to the plateau, area. Boundaries are mainly dry stone walls of land. trees give way to pastureland for cattle, in bad repair supported by posts and wire. Coppice Hilll forms a boundary to this sheep and horses. Hedges are the main form of boundaries. 6.1.4 Dimmel’s Dale Dimmel’s Dale area. Over more recent years there has been considerable Along the narrow lane in Avenis Green, The small narrow valley leads off from development alongside this road. Old houses and cottages have been built the end of the High Street northwards properties are present near the top and over a long period. Land bordering to France Lynch Church. It is wooded bottom, but the intervening land has been Coppice Hill has been continuously on its eastern slope and scrub grazing and challenged for development. Open fields built upon to the present day. The Landscape Areas on the western side. Footpaths criss-cross drop down to Dimmel’s Dale. 21/10/2016 Scale - 1:9,679

02125M50 500 eters (C) Crown copyright and database rights 2016 Ordnance Survey 100019682 the valley making it popular for walkers.

31. 32. View 1. View 2. View 3. 6.1.6 Views ¯ Due to the topography of Chalford, views across the valleys and over the villages are an essential part of the character of the area. Parishioners, when carrying out surveys, highlighted many important views both out and 4 into the landscape as a whole and

to and from the villages. Some key 3 views are highlighted here which will be protected from unsightly and inappropriate development. View 1: From Coppice Hill looking west over 5 View 4. View 5. 2 the High Street and along the Golden Valley. 1 View 2: Looking south from various vantage points from the network of footpaths on Rack Hill across the Golden Valley. View 3: From Avenis, near the Court House, looking across France Lynch Village and the ImportantChalford Paris hViews Boundaries 21/10/2016 Scale - 1:9,679 valley bottom.

0 125 250 500 Meters (C) Crown copyright and database rights 2016 Ordnance Survey 100019682 View 4: From Middle Hill by Middle Hill Farm, looking Southwest through an unbroken stretch of countryside separating the village settlements and an important wildlife corridor. View 5: From various vantage points in Brownshill looking South across the Golden Valley to Minchinhampton.

33. 34. 6.2 Design guidance for development outside the settlement boundaries, 7.2 Pre-application community line with the Protocol’s principles. countryside and hillside. involvement “Through planning we identify what • Prepare a final audit report to submit changes we need to make for new C21: Subject to the exceptions set out The National Policy Framework with the application. in Local Plan policies, new build will not homes, places to work, transport, (paragraph 66) states the following: The Parish Council will: be allowed in these areas unless it is an leisure and education and where these extension to or re-build of an existing should be… The community has a • Provide any potential applicant with property. Applicants will be expected to a single point of contact. In the first “ vital role to play in this… C22: The scale, form and footprint work closely with those directly ” instance this is the Parish Clerk. of a replacement building should be affected by their proposals to evolve • Agree who needs to be consulted of the same size or smaller than the designs that take account of the views This emphasis on pre-application involvement or engagement has been and provide help in contacting them. original building, allowing for minor of the community. Proposals that can enlargements as set out in Local Cottage raisied from one to two stories. taken further by Stroud District • Provide any further background Plan policy. demonstrate this in developing the Council’s collaborative production of information to this Design Statement design of the new development should a district-wide Pre-Application C23: Extensions to existing properties relevant to a particular site. 7. Delivering High Quality Design be looked on more favourably. Community Involvement Protocol. The should not overwhelm or obscure ” The District Council will: the original building or result in aim of this Protocol is to enable open, agreed and well-structured working overdevelopment of the site. Loss of At a District level, the Stroud District • Ensure that contact has also been 7.1 Using the Design Statement Whether or not the Statement is used between communities, applicants/ made with the Parish. off-street car parking space should Council Statement of Community generally be avoided where there is during the evolution of designs, it will developers, local authorities and This Design Statement will gain most Involvement (SCI) encourages • Agree the consultation approach. a lack of parking space in the be used by Stroud District Councillors elected members in advance of planning value if used at the earliest possible stage pre-application community involvement. immediate area. and Planning Officers in assessing each applications, helping to deliver better by potential applicants in developing • Provide information and support application. The Council will also It includes some overall principles of quality development for all. C24: New buildings or alterations their designs. as appropriate. normally require the submission of a good practice, and stresses how open should not demonstrably harm the and well-structured working between The potential applicant is expected to: • Use and value the submitted report. landscape character of the valley Pre-application engagement is the Design and Access Statement which, communities, applicants, developers, • Contact Stroud District Council when viewed from public vantage stage at which all the aspects of local among other things, should clearly the Parish Council and the local and the Parish Council as early points. The design and materials distinctiveness can best be used to demonstrate the appropriateness of as possible. should not detract from the setting shape appropriate designs because of the design and its conformity with this authority in advance of planning of existing or surrounding buildings. the intricacy and diversity of housing in Design Statement. applications can help to deliver better • Agree the consultation approach. the Parish. quality development for all: • Lead and pay for the consultation in 35. 36. Administration 8.4 Listed Buildings in Chalford Clows Bridge Laurel Dene Terrace Walls and Gazebo to North of Sevillowes Christine Prince 8. APPENDICES and Co-ordination: Abnash House and Retaining Wall Coach House Approximately 10 Metres to North Little France Corner and Fernleigh Thanet House Jacky Schaffner of the Weaving Barn 8.1 References used for defining the Alcove Seat Approximately 18 Metres to Marle Hill House The Corderries Cotswold Vernacular style Grants Provided by: Groundwork West of The Corderries Coach House Approximately 10m South of Merlins Mill The Corner House Millswood • Cotswold Design Code published Advisors: Conrad Moore, Baptist Chapel Millswood The Cottage Coach House Approximately 30m North East of by Cotswold District Council 2000. Stroud District Council Belvedere House Mount Cottage The Court House Principal Planner. Skaiteshill House • Traditional Casement Windows Belvedere Mill New Mill at Bliss Mills, Chalford Industrial Estate The Glen Jeff Bishop, Place Studio Ltd Conduit and Vaulted Culvert Approximately 60 Design Guide by Cotswold District Boundary Wall with 2 Gateways to West Metres to South of Prospect Terrace Noah’s Ark The Haven Council. Elin Tattersall, of Church of St John the Baptist Offices (Building No2) at Chalford Industrial Estate The Mount Gloucestershire Rural Corner Cottage • Keeping it in Style leaflet by Stroud Brendan House with Boundary Wall Community Council. Cotswold Place The Old Builder’s Arms Civic Society 2002. Brookside (Iles’s Mill) Including Garden Wall Old Chapel Editors: Steve Beioley Cuckooland Cottage pathways Prospect Terrace The Old House • Cotswold Stone Homes by to North Janet Gaskell Old Glebe House the Old Vicarage The Old Valley Inn Michael Hill and Sally Birch 1994. Cyprus House Peter Oakley Brownshill House Prospect House Dark Lane House The Rock House • The Cotswold House by Tim Jordan Bubblewell House Quail Cottage and Lionel Walrond 2014. Maps: Vince Warwick, Duke of York The Weaving Barn Stroud District Council Byways Retaining Wall Including Steps,sundial and Doorway Firwood Toadsmoor Mill • The Vernacular Architecture and Canal Overflow Weir in Garden to West of Canal Approximately 40m West of Skaiteshill House Buildings of Stroud and Chalford Photography: Paul Lilly, Chair of Chalford France Congregational Church and Hall Two Houses Approximately 20m to South West Round House Ridley Mill Cottage by Nigel Paterson. Parish Council of Quail Cottage Canal Round House France Corner Road Bridge over Mill Stream Approximately 50m Upland House Including Boundary Wall with Design: Melanie Wood Design Chalford Church Room France Cottage 8.2 Acknowledgments East of Belvedere Mill Doorway and Spring Outlet Printed by: Severnprint Chalford Grove Franklin and Suffield Cottage Saddlers Cottage Project Leader: Chalford Parish Council Vale House Chalford Place Gate Piers Immediately South West of the Mount Sevilles House 8.3 Links between Chalford Design Statement Valley Cottage Contributions from: Claire Arthur Chalford War Memorial Gates, Gate Piers and Boundary Railings to South Sevillowes Peter Ashcroft Guidelines and other policies East of Sevillowe and to East of Dark Lane House Vine Farmhouse Steve Beioley Chestnut Lodge Skaiteshill House The table on page 39 illustrates how the Design Gateway Approximately 100 Metres North East of West Wickham Sarah Colver-Smith Church of Christ Church with Railings Skiveralls House Guidelines relate to policies in the Stroud Local Skaiteshill House Wharf House and Adjacent Workshop Peter and Teresa Drover Plan and AONB Management Plan. Church of St. John the Baptist Springfield House Hotel Peter Oakley Glen Cottage Wickham Cottage Church of St. Mary of the Angels (Roman Catholic) St Michael’s Garth Including Gates and Gate piers David and Ann Parrott Note that all the Design Guidelines are aimed Green Court Wickham Grange and Wickham House Philip Pearson Church of St. Michael and All Angels Stable and Cartshed Approximately 20 Metres to at achieving Stroud Local Plan Core Policy CP4 Grey Cot Willow Cottage Christine Prince - Place Making, and also consistent with AONB Clayfields Mill South East of Vine Farmhouse Peter Ramsey Halstead Woodbank Cottage Management Policy HEP3, recommending Cliff Cottage Stable and Coachhouse Approximately 30 Metres to Jacky Schaffner the use of design guidance to support conservation Hillside Farmhouse North West of Firwood Sue Smith of the historic environment. Homestead Stable and Outbuilding to East of Hillside Farmhouse Jenny and Len Taylor Martin Vincent Iles Mill Cottage Tankard House Andy and Jane Wynter Iles’s Mill Lock and Canal Bridge Tankard Spring House

37. 38. 8.6 Conservation Area Maps 8.5 Design Statement Guidance Stroud Local Plan Policies Cotswolds AONB Management Plan Policies

C1 CP8, CP14,HC1,ES10 DTP1,HEP1 C2 HC1,HC8,ES10 C3 CP14,HC1,ES10 C4 CP14,ES7 LP1,DTP1,HEP1 C5 HC8,ES10 HEP1 C6 HC1,HC8,ES10 DTP1,HEP1 C7 CP14,ES3,ES4 C8 HC1,HC8,ES10 DTP1,HEP1 C9 HC1,HC8,ES10 DTP1,HEP1 C10 HC1,ES10 DTP1,HEP1 C11 CP14,ES10 DTP1,HEP1 C12 HC1,HC8 C13 HC1,HC8 DTP1 C14 HC1,HC8.CP14 DTP1 C15 HC1,HC8 C16 HC1,HC8 C17 HC8 C18 CP14 DTP1 C19 CP14,HC1 C20 CP14,HC1, DTP1,HEP1 C21 CP15,HP4 LP1,BP1 C22 HC5 C23 HC8 C24 CP14,HC8,ES7 DTP1,HEP1 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44.