DOCSLIB.ORG

Plasma Disposition, Faecal Excretion, Metabolism and Chirality of Anthelmintic Drugs in Horses

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Plasma Disposition, Faecal Excretion, Metabolism and Chirality of Anthelmintic Drugs in Horses PLASMA DISPOSITION, FAECAL EXCRETION, METABOLISM AND CHIRALITY OF ANTHELMINTIC DRUGS IN HORSES A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Cengiz Gokbulut, DVM. Department of Veterinary Preclinical Studies Division of Veterinary Pharmacology, University of Glasgow October 2000 © C. GOKBULUT, 2000 ProQuest Number: 13818965 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 13818965 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 GLASGOW UNIVERSITY LIBRARY * II95A " C o \ To my wife, Nurgul and my little daughter, Elif i CONTENTS Contents .................................................................................................................... i Acknowledgements ................................................................................................. v Declaration ............................................................................................................... vi Summary .................................................................................................................. vii Abbreviations ......................................................................................................... x CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INTRODUCTION.................................................. 1 1.1 INTERNAL PARASITE INFECTIONS IN HORSES.................................... 2 1.2 ANTHELMINTICS IN HORSES..................................................................... 4 1.2.1 BENZIMIDAZOLES IN HORSES.............................................................. 4 1.2.1.1 Chemistry and Metabolism ......................................................................... 4 1.2.1.2 Efficacy and Spectra of Activity ................................................................. 8 1.2.1.3 Mode of Action ............................................................................................ 8 1.2.1.4 Safety and Toxicity ..................................................................................... 10 1.2.1.5 Pharmacokinetics ......................................................................................... 11 1.2.1.6 Chirality of Benzimidazoles ....................................................................... 17 1.2.2 AVERMECTINS AND MILBEMYCINS IN HORSES ............. 18 1.2.2.1 Chemistry and Metabolism ....................................................... 19 1.2.2.2 Efficacy and Spectra of Activity ............................................................... 22 1.2.2.3 Mode of Action ............................................................................................ 23 1.2.2.4 Safety and Toxicity ....................................................... 25 1.2.2.5 Pharmacokinetics ......................................................................................... 26 1.2.3 PYRANTEL IN HORSES..................... 32 1.2.3.1 Chemistry and Metabolism ......................................................................... 32 1.2.3.2 Efficacy and Spectra of Activity ................................................................. 33 1.2.3.3 Mode of Action ............................................................................................ 33 1.2.3.4 Safety and Toxicity ..................................................................................... 33 1.2.3.5 Pharmacokinetics ......................................................................................... 34 1.3 ANTHELMINTIC RESISTANCE IN HORSES.......................................... 35 1.4. STUDY OBJECTIVES.................................................................................... 37 CHAPTER 2: PHARMACOKINETICS, METABOLISM AND CHIRALITY OF BENZIMIDAZOLES IN HORSES.................................... 38 11 Section 1. Pharmacokinetics and faecal excretion pattern of oxfendazole, fenbendazole and oxibendazole inhorses ............................................................ ^ 2.1.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 39 2.1.2 Materials and methods .................................................................................... 41 2.1.2.1 Animals ......................................................................................................... 41 2.1.2.2 Drug administration and sampling procedure ............................................ 41 2.1.2.3 Drug analysis ................................................................................................ 43 2.1.2.3.1 Standard preparation ................................................................................. 43 2.1.2.3.2 Extraction from plasma ............................................................................ 43 2.1.2.3.3 Extraction from faeces ............................................................................. 44 2.1.2.3.4 HPLC system............................................................................................. 44 2.1.2.3.5 Recovery and precision ............................................................................ 45 2.1.2.3.6 Pharmacokinetic and statistical analysis of data ..................................... 45 2.1.2.4 Chiral analysis ............................................................................................ 47 2.1.3 Results .............................................................................................................. 49 2.1.4 Discussion ........................................................................................................ 67 Section 2. Effect of piperonyl butoxide on the pharmacokinetics and chirality of oxfendazole in ponies; in vivo study............................................ ^ 2.2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 70 2.2.2 Materials and methods .................................................................................... 71 2.2.2.1 Animals ......................................................................................................... 71 2.22.2 Experimental design ..................................................................................... 71 2.2.2.3 Drug administration and sampling procedure ............................................ 72 2.2.2.4 Drug analysis ................................................................................................ 72 2.22.5 Chiral analysis ............................................................................................ 72 2.2.3 Results .............................................................................................................. 72 2.2.4 Discussion ........................................................................................................ 85 Section 3: Effect of piperonyl butoxide on the metabolism and chirality of benzimidazoles in microsome samples of equine liver: in vitro study ^ 2.3.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 87 2.3.2 Materials and methods .................................................................................... 87 2.3.2.1 Liver microsome preparation ...................................................................... 87 2.3.2.1.1 Chemicals.................................................................................................. 87 iii 2.3.2.1.2 Isolation of microsomes ........................................................................... 88 2.3.2.1.3 Drug incubation ......................................................................................... 89 2.3.2.2 Drug analysis ............................................................................................... 89 2.3.2.2.1 Extraction .................................................................................................. 89 2.3.2.2.2HPLC system............................................................................................ 89 2.3.2.2.3 Statistic analysis of data ........................................................................... 90 2.3.3 Results .............................................................................................................. 90 2.3.4 Discussion .......................................................................................................... 100 CHAPTER 3: PHARMACOKINETICS AND FAECAL EXCRETION PATTERN OF AVERMECTINS AND MILBEMYCINS IN HORSES 102 3.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 103 3.2 Materials and methods ......................................................................................... 103 3.2.1 Animals .............................................................................................................. 103 3.2.2 Drug administration and sampling procedure ................................................. 104 3.2.3 Drug analysis ....................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Comparative Efficacies of Commercially Available Benzimidazoles Against Pseudodactylogyrus Infestations in Eels
    DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS Published October 4 Dis. aquat. Org. l Comparative efficacies of commercially available benzimidazoles against Pseudodactylogyrus infestations in eels ' Department of Fish Diseases, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, 13 Biilowsvej, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark Department of Pharmacy, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, 13 Biilowsvej. DK-1870 Frederiksberg C,Denmark ABSTRACT: The antiparasitic efficacies of 9 benzimidazoles in commercially avalable formulations were tested (water bath treatments) on small pigmented eels Anguilla anguilla, expenmentally infected by 30 to 140 specimens of Pseudodactylogyrus spp. (Monogenea).Exposure time was 24 h and eels were examined 4 to 5 d post treatment. Mebendazole (Vermox; 1 mg 1-') eradicated all parasites, whereas luxabendazole (pure substance) and albendazole (Valbazen) were 100 % effective only at a concen- tration of 10 mg I-'. Flubendazole (Flubenol), fenbendazole (Panacur) and oxibendazole (Lodltac) (10 mg l-') caused a reduction of the infection level to a larger extent than did triclabendazole (Fasinex) and parbendazole (Helmatac).Thiabendazole (Equizole), even at a concentration as high as 100 mg l-', was without effect on Pseudodactylogyrus spp. INTRODUCTION range of commercially available benzimidazole com- pounds. If drug resistance will develop under practical The broad spectrum anthelmintic drug mebendazoIe eel-farm conditions in the future, it is likely to be was reported as an efficacious compound against infes- recognized during treatments with commercially avail- tations of the European eel Anguilla anguilla with gill able drug formulations. Therefore this type of drug parasitic monogeneans of the genus Pseudodactylo- preparations were used in the present study. gyms (Szekely & Molnar 1987, Buchmann & Bjerre- gaard 1989, 1990, Mellergaard 1989).
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,861,142 Schick (45) Date of Patent: *Jan
    USOO586 1142A United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,861,142 Schick (45) Date of Patent: *Jan. 19, 1999 54 METHOD FOR PROMOTING HAIR, NAIL, 0 090 368 10/1983 European Pat. Off.. AND SKIN KERATINIZATION 0 187 012 7/1986 European Pat. Off.. 0 224 249 6/1987 European Pat. Off.. 76 Inventor: Mary Pichler Schick, 2027 Old Forge b 5. g i. As E. Way, Marietta, Ga. 30068 0 0 W.e "9CO * Notice: This patent issued on a continued pros- 95/16447 6/1995 WIPO. ecution application filed under 37 CFR OTHER PUBLICATIONS 1.53(d), and is subject to the twenty year patent term provisions of 35 U.S.C. Biochemistry Pharm., The interaction of benzimidazole Cat 154(a)(2). bamates with mammalian microtobule protein Vol. 28, p. 268O-2682. Davidse and Flach, “Differential Binding of Methyl 21 Appl. No.: 621,473 Benzimidazol-2-yl Carbamate to Fungal iustin S y 22 Filed: Mar. 25, 1996 Mechanism of Resistance to this Antimitotic Agent in 6 Mutant Strains of Aspergillus Nidulans”, Journal of Cell 51 Int. Cl. ....................................................... A61K 7/06 Biology, vol. 72, 1977, pp. 174-193. 52 U.S. Cl. ............................ 424/61; 424/701; 424/451; Fisher, et. al., “Efficacy of fenbenzalole and piperazine 424/464; 424/484; 424/489; 514/365; 514/395; against developing Stages of toxocara and toxascaris in 514/937; 514/944 dogs”, The Veterinary Record, vol. 132, No. 19, May 8, 58 Field of Search ..................................... 424/401, 701, 1943, pp. 473–475. 424/451, 464, 484, 489; 514/365, 395, 937, 944 (List continued on next page.) Primary Examiner Jvothsna Venkat 56) References Cited AOC, Agent, Or E".
    [Show full text]
  • Chemotherapy of Gastrointestinal Helminths
    Chemotherapy of Gastrointestinal Helminths Contributors J. H. Arundel • J. H. Boersema • C. F. A. Bruyning • J. H. Cross A. Davis • A. De Muynck • P. G. Janssens • W. S. Kammerer IF. Michel • M.H. Mirck • M.D. Rickard F. Rochette M. M. H. Sewell • H. Vanden Bossche Editors H. Vanden Bossche • D.Thienpont • P.G. Janssens UNIVERSITATS- BlfiUOTHElC Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo Contents CHAPTER 1 Introduction. A. DAVIS A. Pathogenic Mechanisms in Man 1 B. Modes of Transmission 2 C. Clinical Sequelae of Infection 3 D. Epidemiological Considerations 3 E. Chemotherapy 4 F. Conclusion 5 References 5 CHAPTER 2 Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Helminths in Human Populations C. F. A. BRUYNING A. Introduction 7 B. Epidemiological or "Mathematical" Models and Control 8 C. Nematodes 11 I. Angiostrongylus costaricensis 11 II. Anisakis marina 12 III. Ascaris lumbricoides 14 IV. Capillaria philippinensis 21 V. Enterobius vermicularis 23 VI. Gnathostoma spinigerum 25 VII. Hookworms: Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus . 26 VIII. Oesophagostoma spp 32 IX. Strongyloides stercoralis 33 X. Ternidens deminutus 34 XI. Trichinella spiralis 35 XII. Trichostrongylus spp 38 XIII. Trichuris trichiura 39 D. Trematodes 41 I. Echinostoma spp 41 II. Fasciolopsis buski 42 III. Gastrodiscoides hominis 44 IV. Heterophyes heterophyes 44 V. Metagonimus yokogawai 46 X Contents E. Cestodes 47 I. Diphyllobothrium latum 47 II. Dipylidium caninum 50 III. Hymenolepis diminuta 51 IV. Hymenolepis nana 52 V. Taenia saginata 54 VI. Taenia solium 57 VII. Cysticercosis cellulosae 58 References 60 CHAPTER 3 Epidemiology and Control of Gastrointestinal Helminths in Domestic Animals J. F. MICHEL. With 20 Figures A. Introduction 67 I.
    [Show full text]
  • Anthelmintic Resistance of Ostertagia Ostertagi and Cooperia Oncophora to Macrocyclic Lactones in Cattle from the Western United States
    Veterinary Parasitology 170 (2010) 224–229 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Veterinary Parasitology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/vetpar Anthelmintic resistance of Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia oncophora to macrocyclic lactones in cattle from the western United States M.D. Edmonds, E.G. Johnson, J.D. Edmonds ∗ Johnson Research LLC, 24007 Highway 20-26, Parma, ID, 83660, USA article info abstract Article history: In June 2008, 122 yearling heifers with a history of anthelmintic resistance were obtained Received 15 October 2009 from pastures in northern California and transported to a dry lot facility in southwest- Received in revised form 28 January 2010 ern Idaho, USA. Fifty heifers with the highest fecal egg counts were selected for study Accepted 24 February 2010 enrollment. Candidates were equally randomized to treatment with either injectable iver- mectin (Ivomec®, Merial, 0.2 mg kg−1 BW), injectable moxidectin (Cydectin®, Fort Dodge, Keywords: 0.2 mg kg−1 BW), oral fenbendazole (Safe-Guard®, Intervet, 5.0 mg kg−1 BW), oral oxfenda- Anthelmintic resistance zole (Synanthic®, Fort Dodge, 4.5 mg kg−1 BW), or saline. At 14 days post-treatment, Cattle Bovine nematodes were recovered from the abomasum, small intestine, and large intestine. Par- Nematodes asitism was confirmed in the control group when 10/10 animals were infected with Efficacy adult Ostertagia ostertagi and 9/10 animals with both developing and early L4 stages of Cooperia O. ostertagi. Similarly, 9/10 animals were parasitized with adult Cooperia spp. Fenbenda- Ostertagia zole and oxfendazole efficacy verses controls were >90% against adult Cooperia spp., while moxidectin caused an 88% parasite reduction post-treatment (P < 0.05).
    [Show full text]
  • PHARMACEUTICAL APPENDIX to the TARIFF SCHEDULE 2 Table 1
    Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (2020) Revision 19 Annotated for Statistical Reporting Purposes PHARMACEUTICAL APPENDIX TO THE HARMONIZED TARIFF SCHEDULE Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (2020) Revision 19 Annotated for Statistical Reporting Purposes PHARMACEUTICAL APPENDIX TO THE TARIFF SCHEDULE 2 Table 1. This table enumerates products described by International Non-proprietary Names INN which shall be entered free of duty under general note 13 to the tariff schedule. The Chemical Abstracts Service CAS registry numbers also set forth in this table are included to assist in the identification of the products concerned. For purposes of the tariff schedule, any references to a product enumerated in this table includes such product by whatever name known.
    [Show full text]
  • WO 2012/148799 Al 1 November 2012 (01.11.2012) P O P C T
    (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2012/148799 Al 1 November 2012 (01.11.2012) P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every A61K 9/107 (2006.01) A61K 9/00 (2006.01) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, A 61 47/10 (2006.0V) AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, (21) International Application Number: DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, PCT/US2012/034361 HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, KR, (22) International Filing Date: KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, 20 April 2012 (20.04.2012) MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SC, SD, (25) Filing Language: English SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, (26) Publication Language: English TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (30) Priority Data: (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every 61/480,259 28 April 201 1 (28.04.201 1) US kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, (71) Applicant (for all designated States except US): BOARD UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, OF REGENTS, THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SYS¬ TJ, TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, TEM [US/US]; 201 West 7th St., Austin, TX 78701 (US).
    [Show full text]
  • Modelling for Taenia Solium Control
    PolicyPolicy & practice & practice Modelling for Taenia solium control strategies beyond 2020 Matthew A Dixon,a Uffe C Braae,b Peter Winskill,a Brecht Devleesschauwer,c Chiara Trevisan,d Inge Van Damme,e Martin Walker,f Jonathan I D Hamley,a Sylvia N Ramiandrasoa,g Veronika Schmidt,h Sarah Gabriël,e Wendy Harrisoni & Maria-Gloria Basáñeza Abstract The cestode Taenia solium is responsible for a considerable cross-sectoral health and economic burden due to human neurocysticercosis and porcine cysticercosis. The 2012 World Health Organization (WHO) roadmap for neglected tropical diseases called for the development of a validated strategy for control of T. solium; however, such a strategy is not yet available. In 2019, WHO launched a global consultation aimed at refining the post-2020 targets for control of T. solium for a new roadmap for neglected tropical diseases. In response, two groups working on taeniasis and cysticercosis mathematical models (cystiSim and EPICYST models), together with a range of other stakeholders organized a workshop to provide technical input to the WHO consultation and develop a research plan to support efforts to achieve the post-2020 targets. The workshop led to the formation of a collaboration, CystiTeam, which aims to tackle the population biology, transmission dynamics, epidemiology and control of T. solium through mathematical modelling approaches. In this paper, we outline developments in T. solium control and in particular the use of modelling to help achieve post-2020 targets for control of T. solium. We discuss the steps involved in improving confidence in the predictive capacities of existing mathematical and computational models on T.
    [Show full text]
  • Partial Agreement in the Social and Public Health Field
    COUNCIL OF EUROPE COMMITTEE OF MINISTERS (PARTIAL AGREEMENT IN THE SOCIAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH FIELD) RESOLUTION AP (88) 2 ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF MEDICINES WHICH ARE OBTAINABLE ONLY ON MEDICAL PRESCRIPTION (Adopted by the Committee of Ministers on 22 September 1988 at the 419th meeting of the Ministers' Deputies, and superseding Resolution AP (82) 2) AND APPENDIX I Alphabetical list of medicines adopted by the Public Health Committee (Partial Agreement) updated to 1 July 1988 APPENDIX II Pharmaco-therapeutic classification of medicines appearing in the alphabetical list in Appendix I updated to 1 July 1988 RESOLUTION AP (88) 2 ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF MEDICINES WHICH ARE OBTAINABLE ONLY ON MEDICAL PRESCRIPTION (superseding Resolution AP (82) 2) (Adopted by the Committee of Ministers on 22 September 1988 at the 419th meeting of the Ministers' Deputies) The Representatives on the Committee of Ministers of Belgium, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, these states being parties to the Partial Agreement in the social and public health field, and the Representatives of Austria, Denmark, Ireland, Spain and Switzerland, states which have participated in the public health activities carried out within the above-mentioned Partial Agreement since 1 October 1974, 2 April 1968, 23 September 1969, 21 April 1988 and 5 May 1964, respectively, Considering that the aim of the Council of Europe is to achieve greater unity between its members and that this
    [Show full text]
  • Albendazole: a Review of Anthelmintic Efficacy and Safety in Humans
    S113 Albendazole: a review of anthelmintic efficacy and safety in humans J.HORTON* Therapeutics (Tropical Medicine), SmithKline Beecham International, Brentford, Middlesex, United Kingdom TW8 9BD This comprehensive review briefly describes the history and pharmacology of albendazole as an anthelminthic drug and presents detailed summaries of the efficacy and safety of albendazole’s use as an anthelminthic in humans. Cure rates and % egg reduction rates are presented from studies published through March 1998 both for the recommended single dose of 400 mg for hookworm (separately for Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale when possible), Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and Enterobius vermicularis and, in separate tables, for doses other than a single dose of 400 mg. Overall cure rates are also presented separately for studies involving only children 2–15 years. Similar tables are also provided for the recommended dose of 400 mg per day for 3 days in Strongyloides stercoralis, Taenia spp. and Hymenolepis nana infections and separately for other dose regimens. The remarkable safety record involving more than several hundred million patient exposures over a 20 year period is also documented, both with data on adverse experiences occurring in clinical trials and with those in the published literature and\or spontaneously reported to the company. The incidence of side effects reported in the published literature is very low, with only gastrointestinal side effects occurring with an overall frequency of just "1%. Albendazole’s unique broad-spectrum activity is exemplified in the overall cure rates calculated from studies employing the recommended doses for hookworm (78% in 68 studies: 92% for A. duodenale in 23 studies and 75% for N.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Genomics of the Major Parasitic Worms
    Comparative genomics of the major parasitic worms International Helminth Genomes Consortium Supplementary Information Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 4 Contributions from Consortium members ..................................................................................... 5 Methods .................................................................................................................................... 6 1 Sample collection and preparation ................................................................................................................. 6 2.1 Data production, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (WTSI) ........................................................................ 12 DNA template preparation and sequencing................................................................................................. 12 Genome assembly ........................................................................................................................................ 13 Assembly QC ................................................................................................................................................. 14 Gene prediction ............................................................................................................................................ 15 Contamination screening ............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Use of Stems in the Selection of International Nonproprietary Names (INN) for Pharmaceutical Substances
    WHO/PSM/QSM/2006.3 The use of stems in the selection of International Nonproprietary Names (INN) for pharmaceutical substances 2006 Programme on International Nonproprietary Names (INN) Quality Assurance and Safety: Medicines Medicines Policy and Standards The use of stems in the selection of International Nonproprietary Names (INN) for pharmaceutical substances FORMER DOCUMENT NUMBER: WHO/PHARM S/NOM 15 © World Health Organization 2006 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: [email protected]). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to WHO Press, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; e-mail: [email protected]). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters.
    [Show full text]
  • Ehealth DSI [Ehdsi V2.2.2-OR] Ehealth DSI – Master Value Set
    MTC eHealth DSI [eHDSI v2.2.2-OR] eHealth DSI – Master Value Set Catalogue Responsible : eHDSI Solution Provider PublishDate : Wed Nov 08 16:16:10 CET 2017 © eHealth DSI eHDSI Solution Provider v2.2.2-OR Wed Nov 08 16:16:10 CET 2017 Page 1 of 490 MTC Table of Contents epSOSActiveIngredient 4 epSOSAdministrativeGender 148 epSOSAdverseEventType 149 epSOSAllergenNoDrugs 150 epSOSBloodGroup 155 epSOSBloodPressure 156 epSOSCodeNoMedication 157 epSOSCodeProb 158 epSOSConfidentiality 159 epSOSCountry 160 epSOSDisplayLabel 167 epSOSDocumentCode 170 epSOSDoseForm 171 epSOSHealthcareProfessionalRoles 184 epSOSIllnessesandDisorders 186 epSOSLanguage 448 epSOSMedicalDevices 458 epSOSNullFavor 461 epSOSPackage 462 © eHealth DSI eHDSI Solution Provider v2.2.2-OR Wed Nov 08 16:16:10 CET 2017 Page 2 of 490 MTC epSOSPersonalRelationship 464 epSOSPregnancyInformation 466 epSOSProcedures 467 epSOSReactionAllergy 470 epSOSResolutionOutcome 472 epSOSRoleClass 473 epSOSRouteofAdministration 474 epSOSSections 477 epSOSSeverity 478 epSOSSocialHistory 479 epSOSStatusCode 480 epSOSSubstitutionCode 481 epSOSTelecomAddress 482 epSOSTimingEvent 483 epSOSUnits 484 epSOSUnknownInformation 487 epSOSVaccine 488 © eHealth DSI eHDSI Solution Provider v2.2.2-OR Wed Nov 08 16:16:10 CET 2017 Page 3 of 490 MTC epSOSActiveIngredient epSOSActiveIngredient Value Set ID 1.3.6.1.4.1.12559.11.10.1.3.1.42.24 TRANSLATIONS Code System ID Code System Version Concept Code Description (FSN) 2.16.840.1.113883.6.73 2017-01 A ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM 2.16.840.1.113883.6.73 2017-01
    [Show full text]