LABOUR FORCE and HOUSEHOLD LIVING CONDITIONS SURVEY 2018-2019 in BATROUN

Labour Force and Household Living Conditions Survey (LFHLCS) 2018-2019 in Batroun

Suggested citation:

"Labour Force and Household Living Conditions Survey 2018-2019 in Batroun", Central Administration of Statistics, 2020

Acknowledgments Acronyms and Abbreviations

This report comes as one of a series of reports launched by the Central Administration of CAS Central Administration of Statistics Statistics, covering the twenty-six districts of Lebanon. Producing these reports was a GER The Gross Enrolment Ratio collaborative endeavor between the Central Administration of Statistics (CAS) and the ILO International Labour Organization United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). LFHLCS Labour Force and Households’ Living Conditions Survey NEET Not in Education, Employment or Training Official statistics presented in this report are drawn from the findings of the national Labour NER The Net Enrolment Rate Force and Households Living Conditions Survey (LFHLCS) that was carried out by CAS NSSF National Social Security Fund between 2018 and 2019 with funding from the Delegation of the European Union to Lebanon and the technical cooperation of the Regional Office for Arab States of the SMAM Singulate Mean Age at Marriage International Labour Organization (ILO). UNDP United Nations Development Programme

CAS acknowledges the professional input and contribution of all the partners, experts, and staff who have been particularly active and supportive along the production process in the elaboration, preparation and drafting of the final series of district statistics.

CAS would like to express its sincere appreciation to Celine Moyroud and the UNDP core team for all of their technical and administrative support. Also gratefully acknowledged are the contributions of CAS staff: Haifa Husseini, Mayssaa Daher, Ali Hamieh and Amina Basbouss.

Dr Maral Tutélian - Guidanian

Director General Central Administration of Statistics

Table of Contents List of Figures

About the Survey ...... 1 Figure esidents in atroun District Statistics ...... 2 Figure Head o household b se I. DEMOGRAPHICS ...... 4 Figure arital status aged b se he residents in atroun ho and ho an are the Figure istribution o riar residences b te o delling II. HOUSING ...... 6 Figure riar residences b area o residence here do residents in atroun live Figure riar residences b nuber o roos riar residences b area Figure ersons er roo Ho an roos does a household have Figure riar residences b age o residence ersons er roo Figure Facilities o ain source o drining ater at the delling re the riar residences old or ne Figure ources o electricit in riar residences Connectivit to inrastructure and utilities Figure Hoe aliances tes and eans o transortation Cost associated ith residence Figure ccess to services Hoe aliances and eans o transortation Figure istribution o students b te o educational institution ccess to basic services Figure esidents aged b level o education attained and se III. EDUCATION ...... 12 Figure a lliterac rate b age grou and se aged ears ross nrolent atio versus et nrolent ate chooling in atroun Figure b otal illiterac rate b se aged ears IV. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC BACKGROUND ...... 15 Figure Household incoe range ro all sources in the onth receding the urve in thousand L Ho uch do households earn in total Figure el classiication o ealth o households and ho do the erceive their ealth status Figure Health coverage b se Health Coverage Figure esidents aged ears b eloent status and health insurance V. LABOUR FORCE and EMPLOYMENT ...... 18 coverage Labour aret structure Figure istribution o residents beneiting ro health insurance b source o ho is loed earching or a ob or nactive Fro a ender oint o ie insurance here do the or Figure Labour orce articiation rate and ho an hours er ee Figure Labour orce articiation rate aong outh and adults hat te o obs do the hold and here Figure loenttooulation ratio Ho an obs are vulnerable Figure loenttooulation ratio b broad age grous outh in loent versus outh ot in ducation loent or raining Figure neloent rate b se The Team ...... 25 Figure neloent rate aong outh and adults

Figure nactivit rate o residents aged ears About the Survey Figure conoic activit sector b se Figure verage usual and actual eel hours o or b se his reort coes as one o a series o reorts launched b the Central dinistration o tatistics covering the tentsi districts o Lebanon roducing these reorts as a Figure loed ears and above b eloent status and se collaborative endeavor beteen the Central dinistration o tatistics C and the Figure ulnerable eloent nited ations eveloent rograe Figure outh in eloent and rate icial statistics resented in this reort are dran ro the indings o the national Labour Force and Households Living Conditions urve LFHLC that as carried out b C beteen and ith unding ro the elegation o the uroean nion to Lebanon and the technical cooeration o the egional ice or rab tates o the nternational Labour rganiation L

List of Tables he LFHLC is the irst Lebanese surve to roduce estiates not onl at the national and subnational governorate mouhafaza levels but also at the district caza able earl eenditures on services or ain dellings in thousand L level Lebanon is coosed o eight governorates called ouhaaa and districts called able nrolent b level o education in caa nl the governorates o eirut and ar ere taen as a hole in the surve sale and ere not subdivided into districts able Foralit versus noralit in LFHLC covered all the oulation o Lebanon living in riar residential dellings t as carried out ro ril to arch t did not cover the oulation living in non

residential units such as construction and agriculture sites shos stores actories uninished buildings ar barracs reugee cas and adacent gatherings and inoral settleents

ith an unrecedented colete national sale sie o households ore than resonded to the surve roviding a relativel high resonse rate o

hrough uestions organied into odules the LFHLC uestionnaire gathered etensive data that ere used in the roduction o a broad arra o indicators and a cross sectional analsis regarding

 he deograhic and social characteristics o households and the individuals living in the on a regular basis ore than si onths in a ear including inoration on education health social securit and others  he labour orce situation and the econoic activit o all active individuals in the household  he characteristics o the household and the conditions o the dellings and the available aenities he concets deinitions and ethodologies that ere used in the surve ere designed according to the latest international surve statistical standards eseciall those in line ith the th CL esolution concerning statistics o or eloent and labour underutiliation.2

For ore inoration about the LFHLC reer to the ain surve reort available at httcasgovlbindehcoonentcontentarticleid ource L Resolution concerning statistics of work, employment and labour underutilization, 19th International Conference of Labour Statisticians, 2013.

Page 1

District Statistics

he district statistics reresent an invaluable source o udated inoration and analsis o the revailing social and econoic conditions in each district he are ade available to the district authorities and leadershi including the ia Caa overnor the istrict nions o unicialities and a range o other governent and nongovernent BATROUN district lanners olic aers and users he district statistics also ai at inoring aroriate and evidencebased develoent olicies and rograes at the district level BCHARRE KOURA his reort resents data ertaining to the district o atroun hich is situated in the MINIEH-DANNIYEH overnorate o orth Lebanon TRIPOLI t consists o ive chaters highlighting the olloing asects ZGHARTA BAALBEK-HERMEL eograhics

Housing

ducation

ocial and conoic acground

Labour Force and loent

herever ossible and statisticall signiicant the indicators resented at the district level are coared to the national values or the urose o contetualiation and coarison

Page 2 Page 3

Batroun district Figure 3: Marital status (aged 15+) by sex I. DEMOGRAPHICS that they were “married” in 2018– The residents in Batroun: who and how many are they? were “never married”. The proportion of he surve results sho that in – the reresented er cent o the total hile caa o atroun hosted er cent o the older residents ears old residents o Lebanon ith around reresented er cent Figure 1 residents er cent o the residents ere eales and er cent ales n – the age deendenc ratio or atroun as er cent coared to er cent o the residents in atroun er cent at the national level t is (Figure 3) ere ound in the age grou – ears instructive to note that coared to the he ounger residents – ears other caas this ratio as the loest

Figure 1: Residents in Batroun 2018-2019

ale Feale Age GroupAge

he urve results shoed that ales Figure 2: Head of household by sex redoinated as heads o household t as

estiated that er cent o households oen ere headed b a an coared to er cent nationall hile er cent o households ere headed b a oan relativel to er cent in Lebanon 83% 17% (Figure 2) en

ge deendenc ratio is the nuber o deendents aged ears and those aged coared to the total oulation aged ears hich is the oring age oulation t describes the degree to hich the econoicall nonroductive oulation is deendent on the oringage oulation he higher the ratio the greater the econoic burden

Page 4 Page 5

Batroun district

II. HOUSING How many rooms does a household have?

Where do residents in Batroun live? . per ent of the primary reidene in apartment at the aa eve i onideray (Figure 6) atron are apartment wherea .2 per ower than that at the nationa eve ent are independent hoe or via. t i however that of the independent hoe or Figure 6: Primary residences by number of rooms (%) worth notin that the perentae of via i tantiay hiher. (Figure 4) Figure 4: Distribution of primary residences by type of dwelling Batroun Lebanon 0.2 2. 12.2 .2 Persons per room . 8. partment ndependent hoe or via ther 2 Primary residences by area (m ) (Figure 7)

. per ent of primary reidene in the eve of the ontry. eidene atron were are reidene of 10 m2 etween 80 and 10 are meter Figure 7: Persons per room (%) and over ompared to . per ent ompried 2.2 per ent of the tota Batroun Lebanon nationay. ma reidene of e than 80 ompared to 8. per ent at the nationa 2 m were the eat ommon – . per ent of eve. (Figure 5) the dwein ompared to 1. per ent at

Figure 5: Primary residences by area of residence (%)

. e than 80 m2 1. ≥2 2.2 80 to e than 10 m2 8. . 10 m2 and more .

atron eanon

Page 6 Page 7

Are the primary residences old or new? Cost associated with residence Figure 8: Primary residences by age of residence (Table 1) (Figure 8) Table 1: Yearly expenditures on services for main dwellings (in thousand LBP)

Batroun Lebanon Connectivity to infrastructure and utilities Services Mean Median Mean Median

(Figure 9)

Figure 9: Facilities of main source of drinking water at the dwelling (%)

Total yearly Expenses on 3,121 2,776 3,308 2,940 services

(Figure 10) Home appliances and means of transportation

Figure 10: Sources of electricity in primary residences

Per cent (Figure 11)

Page 8 Page 9

Figure 12: Access to services (%) Figure 11: Home appliances types and means of transportation (%)

Note: The internet does not include Cable/ADSL/3G or 4G.

Access to basic services

(Figure 12)

Page 10 Page 11

Batroun district Schooling in Batroun

III. EDUCATION Figure 13: Distribution of students by type Gross Enrolment Ratio versus Net Enrolment Rate of educational institution (Table 2) (Figure 13)

Table 2: Enrolment by level of education (in %) Batroun Lebanon Gross Net Gross Net Level of education Enrolment Enrolment Enrolment Enrolment Ratio Rate Ratio Rate (Figure 14)

Elementary level

Intermediate level Figure 14: Residents (aged 3+) by level of education attained and sex (%)

Secondary level Note: These results exclude domestic workers The Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER)

The Net Enrolment Rate (NER) (Figure 15a) *Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

Page 12 Page 13

Batroun district

Figure 15a: Illiteracy rate by age group and sex (aged 10 years +) IV. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC BACKGROUND 5. How much do households earn in total? .6 . Per cent . . . . . .5 . .6 . 56 65 omen en otal hen compared with the national level, than for men . per cent in the district, illiteracy rate in atron was reported to e t also in eanon, where the proportion lower .5 per cent in comparison with . of illiterate women . per cent was twice per cent at the contry level. his rate was as high as that of men . per cent. (Figure 16) fond to e higher for women 6.6 per cent (Figure 15b)

Figure 15b: Total illiteracy rate by sex (aged 10 years +) Figure 16: Household income range from all sources in the month preceding the Survey in thousand LBP (%) 6.6 . . . .5

Per cent . omen en otal atron eanon

... and how do they perceive their wealth status?

those who declared they are “wealthy or off” was near

per cent classified themselves as “average or average to poor”, 6.5 per cent as “average or average to poor” was relatively (Figure 17)

Page 14 Page 15

Figure 17: Self classification of wealth of households Figure 19: Residents (aged 15 years +) by employment status Batroun Lebanon and health insurance coverage (%)

6. 5.5 6.5 . . . 6. 6. 56.6 . 56. .

mployed nemployed tside laor force otal 6.5 . atron eanon

ealthy or financially welloff verage or average to poor oor or very poor he main sorce of health coverage in lic ervants ooperation was noticealy atron was the ational ocial ecrity greater in atron . per cent compared nd 6, which covered 56. per cent to the whole of eanon 5. per cent, 5 of the insred poplation, followed y the whereas private insrance was slightly Health Coverage eanese rmy and the nternal ecrity lower . per cent in atron compared to orces . per cent. he coverage of the .5 per cent in eanon. (Figure 20) nterestingly, . per cent of the total women . per cent than for men . residents in atron were covered y at per cent. t the national level, the reslts Figure 20: Distribution of residents benefiting from health insurance least one type of health insrance this show a remaraly lower health coverage by source of insurance percentage was one of the highest for oth women 56. per cent and men

compared to the other caas. slightly 5. per cent. (Figure 18) Batroun Lebanon higher health coverage was fond for 5. . 6. Figure 18: Health coverage by sex (%)

. .5 6. . . . 56. 5. 55.6 56.

. . 5. omen en otal

atron eanon ational ocial ecrity nd

lic ervants ooperation

rmy and the nternal ecrity orces n atron, . per cent of the residents laor force who were covered in atron aged 5 years and aove had a health . per cent, . per cent and . per rivate insrance coverage, whereas nationally, the cent respectively were all greater than ther proportion of the insred poplation in the those oserved at the national level. t is same age grop was maredly lower 56.6 worth noting that nemployed residents per cent. he proportions of employed, were the least covered in the district. nemployed and residents otside the (Figure 19)

6 nclding acltative nd. 5 n this section, all the figres eclde the domestic worers.

Page 16 Page 17

Batroun district Figure 21: Labour force participation rate (%) .3 7. . . V. LABOUR FORCE and EMPLOYMENT 33.7 .3 Labour market structure omen Men ota

mong the estimated , individals laor force, either employed , or Batroun eanon aged 5 years old and aove living in nemployed ,. he remaining 5, primary residential dwellings in atron in individals were otside the laor force. e sare o te adut aour orce (e te compared to 3.3 per cent in Batroun. –, aot , people were in the unempoed or in wor eceeded tat o imiar resuts were ound at te nationa te out and mared . per cent ee. (Figure 22) orin a ouation ars Workinga age population (15 years +) Figure 22: Labour force participation rate among youth and adults (%) otal , omen 6,5 en , 3.3 3. . .7 aour orc rsons outsid t aour orc aLabour force Persons outside the labour out ( ears duts ( ears aforce otal , Batroun eanon otal 5, omen , en 5, omen ,6 en , e empomenttopopuation ratio in men aed ears and aoe in Batroun Batroun (. per cent was ower tan tat marin a ender ap o 7. percentae Persons in employment rsons in ont rsons Personsin unont in unemployment o te countr (3.3 per cent. ere were point dierence. n eanon a uarter o a a otal , otal , some notae ender disparities in te women (. per cent and more tan a a omen , en omen , en empomenttopopuation ratio at ot te o men (3. per cent o men were , , district and countr ees. e empoed wit a ender ap o 3.3 Note: Estimation below 2,500 has a standard error above 20 per cent. Due to rounding, numbers empomenttopopuation ratio reaced percentaepoint dierence. (Figure 23) Note:presented Estimation may not below add 2,500 up precisely has a standard to the totals. error above 20 per cent. Due to rounding, numbers . per cent or women and 7 per cent or presented may not add up precisely to the totals.

Figure 23: Employment-to-population ratio (%) Who is Employed, Searching for a job or Inactive - From a Gender Point of View 7. 3. . . . 3.3

otal laor participation rate in atron compared to women’s (33.7 in Batroun and omen Men ota omen Men ota was percent, which was almost eal to . per cent in eanon at oth the district Batroun eanon the national rate. ender disparity was high and national levels, with a notale gender at the district level, still less accentated gap reaching a difference of .6 than the national level. Men’s participation percentage points and . percentage

rates 66. per cent in atron compared to points respectively. (Figure 21) . per cent in eanon were higher e comparison o te resuts road ae tese ratios were amost eua to tose roups sows tat te out empoment mared at te nationa ee. e ap aor orce articipation ate topopuation ratio in Batroun ( per cent etween te two ae roups reaced a Persons in Employment+Persons in Unemployment was remara ower tan tat o te dierence o .7 percentae points in n this rief, the gender gap is calclatedWorking y stracting−age Population the female(15+years rate old )from the∗ 100 male rate. aduts (.7 per cent. t is wort notin tat Batroun. (Figure 24)

Page 18 Page 19

Figure 24: Employment-to-population ratio by broad age groups (%) e inactiit rate wic represents te near te same as tat o eanon. .3 per .7 7. proportion o te persons considered cent o women and 33.7 per cent o men . 3. inactie neither working nor looking for any were inactie at te caa ee compared to job in te tota popuation aed ears 7.7 per cent o women and . per cent o and aoe in Batroun ( per cent was men at te nationa ee. (Figure 27) out ( ears duts ( ears Batroun eanon Figure 27: Inactivity rate of residents aged 15 years + (%)

.3 7.7 . . e unempoment rate in Batroun (3. women and per cent or men. n oter 33.7 . per cent eceeded tat o eanon (. words te ender ap in te unempoment per cent. ierences at te countr ee rate was ower in Batroun (. percentae omen Men ota were osered etween men ( per cent point dierence tan in eanon as a woe Batroun eanon and women (.3 per cent et te ap was (.3 percentaepoint dierence. smaer in Batroun were te (Figure 25) unempoment rate was . per cent or Where do they work?

Figure 25: Unemployment rate by sex (%) e erices sector was te arest were empoed in industr in Batroun empoment sector or women and men compared to . per cent o worin men . 3. .3 . . . wit respectie per cent and . per and .7 per cent o worin women in te cent in Batroun compared to .7 per cent woe o eanon. mpoment in and . per cent in eanon. n tis sector aricuture was or ot worin men and omen Men ota omen Men ota women surpassed men . percentae women te owest amon a te sectors o Batroun eanon points at te caa ee. t was particuar econom at te nationa and district ees. noticeae tat 3. per cent o worin (Figure 28) nempoment was ess preaent amon per cent respectie in eanon as a woe. men and . per cent o worin women aduts tan amon out at ot te district e ap etween te out and te aduts and countr ees wit a rate reacin .3 unempoment rate reaced 3 percentae Figure 28: Economic activity sector by sex (%) per cent and .3 per cent respectie in points in Batroun and .7 percentae Batroun compared to . per cent and 3.3 points in eanon as a woe. (Figure 26) . . .7 .

Figure 26: Unemployment rate among youth and adults (%)

.3 3.3 .3 . 3. . out ( ears duts ( ears . . .7 . . . Batroun eanon omen Men omen Men Batroun eanon

ricuture ndustr erices

nempoment rate Persons in Unemployment (aged 15 years and above) Labour Force (aged 15 years and above) ∗ 100

Page 20 Page 21

... and how many hours per week omens share in employment as lo yet the national leel per ent ens more prealent for pai employment than share in pai employment fell behin the Men in empoment were reported to e ours or ot sees due to temporar employeron aont orer he one obsere at the national leel per worin oner paid ours tan women. e asences suc as acation annua eae majority of employers or onaont ent an per ent respetiely aerae numer o actua paid wee ours etc. n eanon as a woe te actua orers in atron ere men per (Figure 30) was 7.7 or men and 37. or women. numer o ours o wor was per cent or ent a proportion that as slihtly belo urtermore te actua numer o ours o men and 3. per cent or women. wor was sit eow te usua numer o (Figure 29) Figure 30: Employed (15 years and above) by employment status and sex (%)

Figure 29: Average usual and actual weekly hours of work by sex omen 3.3 37. . 7.7

atron week en

hours per per hours Number of omen Men sua ours ctua ours omen Note: Excludes domestic workers

ebanon en What type of jobs do they hold and where?

ccordin to te te concept o inorma os at teir main occupation a “informal employment” refers to jobs that resut tat was ound to e eow te mployeronaont orer ai employment do not proide empoees wit ea or nationa ee (. per cent and . per socia protection tus eposin tem to cent o te empoed popuation were reater economic riss tan oter empoed worin in te inorma sector. t is How many jobs are ''vulnerable''? peope. s or concept o te inorma instructie to note tat te atter proportion sector it is a suset o unincorporated was ower compared to te nationa ee enterprises not constituted as separate ea (3. per cent. e proportion o empoed n atron lnerable employment as as remarably more prealent amon men entities independent o teir owners. indiiduas odin an inorma o in a reporte to be slihtly loer than that per ent than amon omen per (Figure 31) orma sector was ess preaent in Batroun obsere at the ontry leel per ent ent e resuts sow tat . per cent o te (. per cent compared to tat in te an per ent respetiely oreoer it

empoed popuation in Batroun ed woe o eanon (. per cent. (Table 3) Figure 31: Vulnerable employment (%) Table 3: Formality versus Informality (in %)

Batroun Lebanon Type of employment Informal Formal Informal Formal Total Total Sector Sector Sector Sector Informal 28.4 12.8 41.2 35.1 19.8 54.9 omen en otal Formal 0 58.8 58.8 0 45.0 45.1 atron ebanon Total 28.4 71.6 100 35.2 64.8 100.0

Page 22 Page 23

The Team

orin to the nternational abor raniation efinition ''Vulnerable Employment'' his report ol not hae been possible ithot the joint effort an ooperation of a team is the sm of onaont orers an ontribtin family orers in total employment his of eperts orin in the entral ministration of tatistis an the nite ations ateory of orers has a loer lielihoo of hain formal or arranements an is therefore eelopment roramme he report as prepare ner the oerall iretion an more liely to la elements assoiate ith aeate soial serity an a oie at or iane of r aral tlian ianian iretor eneral of the entral ministration of tatistis an eline oyro esient epresentatie

Youth in Employment versus Youth Not in Education, Employment or Training (NEET) he ontribtions of the folloin team are rateflly note

Supervision: oth rate Youth not in education, employmenttopoplation ratio as per r ranois arah nternational pert on poplation eelopment an soial poliy employment or training rate per ent an the oth rate as per ent in atron as marely loer than ent oreoer omens rate per the yoth employmenttopoplation ratio ent as hiher than that of men per Report drafting: per ent t the ontry leel the yoth ent (Figure 32) aifa sseini onomist

Data Preparation and Tabulations: ayssaa aher an li amieh ath tatistiians Figure 32: Youth in employment and NEET rate (%)

Report review: ranois arah athar ara ea o ael ayssaa aher mina assboss Table drawing aifa sseini omen en otal mina assboss lia ayye li li hreiss ones ojo ssistant tatistiians mploymenttooplation atio oth rate Report Design: ayal ttieh

Page 24 Page 25 Central Administra�on of Sta�s�cs Atwe building, Boulevard Camille Chamoun Beirut, Lebanon Phone: +9615462880 | www.cas.gov.lb