Republic of

This report was published on 31 March 2021

Cover Page for Kenya Progress on Implementation of NUA The cover page depicts a snapshot of the city of , which is the capital city of Kenya. This report is authored as a collaborative effort of the stakeholders in the Human Settlements sector in Kenya through the National Habitat Committee. Contact Details

Name: Selina Auko Kubuta Name: Susan Araka

Position/Role: Principal Housing Officer Position/Role: Senior Superintending Architect Ministry/Office Department: Ministry of Transport, Infrastructure, Housing, Urban Development & Public Ministry/Office Works Department:

Email Address: [email protected] Email Address: [email protected]

Phone number: +254 724211315 Phone number: +254 720296321 Table of Contents

Table of Contents 2 Executive Summary 4 Covid-19 Response 5 Sustainable Development Goals 6 Part 1: Transformative Commitments for Sustainable Urban Development 7 1: Transformative Commitments for Sustainable Urban Development 8 1.1. Sustainable Urban Development for Social Inclusion and Ending Poverty 8 1.1.1. Social Inclusion and Ending Poverty 8 Eradicate poverty in all its forms 8 Address inequality in urban areas by promoting equally shared opportunities and benefits 9 Enhance social inclusion of vulnerable groups (women, youth, older persons and persons with disabilities and migrants) 10 Ensure equal access to public spaces including streets, sidewalks, and cycling lane 11 1.1.2. Access to Adequate Housing 12 Ensure access to adequate and affordable housing 12 Ensure access to sustainable housing finance options 14 Establish security of tenure 15 Establish slum upgrading programmes 16 1.1.3. Access to Basic Services 17 Provide access to safe drinking water, sanitation and solid waste disposal 17 Ensure access to safe and efficient public transport system 18 Provide access to modern renewable energy 19 1.2. Sustainable and Inclusive Urban Prosperity and Opportunities for All 20 Achieve productive employment for all including youth employment 20 Strengthen the informal economy 21 Strengthen the informal economy 22 1.2.2. Sustainable Prosperity for All 23 Diversify of the urban economy and promote cultural and creative industries 23 Develop technical and entrepreneurial skills to thrive in a modern urban economy 24 Develop urban-rural linkages to maximize productivity 25 1.3.1. Resilience, Mitigation and Adaptation of Cities and Human Settlements 26 Minimize urban sprawl and loss of biodiversity resulting from it 26 Implement climate change mitigation and adaptation actions 27 Develop systems to reduce the impact of natural and human-made disasters 28 Build urban resilience through quality infrastructure and spatial planning 29 1.3.2. Sustainable Management and Use of Natural Resources 30 Strengthen the sustainable management of natural resources in urban areas 30 Drive resource conservation and waste reduction, reuse, and recycling 31 Implement environmentally sound management of water resources and urban coastal areas 32 Adopt a smart-city approach that leverages digitization, clean energy and technologies 33 Part 2: Effective Implementation 34 2: Effective Implementation 35 2.1. Building the Urban Governance Structure: Establishing a Supportive Framework 35 Decentralize to enable Subnational and local governments undertake their assigned responsibilities 35 Link urban policies to finance mechanisms and budgets 36 Develop legal and policy frameworks to enhance the ability of governments to implement urban policies 37 Build the capacity of local and Subnational governments to implement local and metropolitan multilevel governance 38 Implement participatory, age- and gender-responsive approaches to urban policy and planning 39 Achieve women’s full participation in all fields and all levels of decision-making 40 Implement integrated and balanced territorial development polices 41 Integrate housing into urban development plans 42 Include culture as a priority component of urban planning 43 Improve capacity for urban planning and design, and training for urban planners at all levels of government 44 Strengthen the role of small and intermediate cities and towns 45 Implement sustainable multimodal public transport systems including non-motorized options 46 2.3. Means of Implementation 47 Develop financing frameworks for implementing the NUA at all levels of government 47 Mobilize and establish financial intermediaries (multilateral institutions, regional development banks, Subnational and local development funds; pooled financing mechanisms etc.) for urban financing 48 Implement capacity development as an effective, multifaceted approach to formulate, implement, manage, monitor and evaluate urban development policies 49 Build capacity at all levels of government to use data for evidence-based policy formulation including collecting and using data for minority groups 50 Build the capacity of all levels of government to work with vulnerable groups to participate effectively in decision-making about urban and territorial development 51 Engage local government associations as promoters and providers of capacity development 52 Develop user-friendly, participatory data and digital platforms through e-governance and citizen-centric digital governance tools 53 Expand deployment of frontier technologies and innovations to enhance shared prosperity of cities and regions 54 Implement digital tools, including geospatial information systems to improve urban and territorial planning, land administration and and access to urban services 55 Build capacities at all levels of government to effectively monitor the implementation of urban development policies 56 Part 3: Follow-up and Review 57 3. Follow-up and Review 58 Additional Information 59 Executive Summary

The Ministry of Transport, Infrastructure, Housing, Urban Development and Public Works, which hosts the National Secretariat on Human Settlements is the National Focal point on Housing and human settlements matters. The Ministry constituted a broad-based National Habitat Committee (NHC) which ensures Kenya’s coordinated, harmonized, all-inclusive and effective participation in human settlements at both National and International levels. The NHC draws membership from Government Agencies, Civil Society Organizations, Academia, Professional Bodies among others. The NHC members were trained virtually on the implementation, monitoring and reporting of SDGs and the NUA. After this training, the Ministry requested for inputs from the various human settlement’s stakeholders including the NHC members on how their organizations had implemented the NUA from 2016 to date. These inputs from stakeholders were compiled to form the Kenya Country Report. One of the successes is- construction and allocation to beneficiaries of 1370 affordable housing units at Park Road in Nairobi. A key challenge is rapid urbanization. The preparation of the report on the progress made in the implementation of the NUA is critical as an effective way of keeping track of the country’s direction in terms of achieving sustainable development. Covid-19 Response

The Government has put in place a robust approach to address the COVID-19. It has set up the National Co- ordination Committee on Coronavirus Pandemic (NCCCP). The Committee is expected to devise strategies for dealing with the pandemic by studying and analyzing the risks and recommending preparedness, prevention and response measures necessary to mitigate the public health impact. The Government has also set up the COVID- 19 Emergency Response Fund to mobilize resources to finance pandemic response activities. Furthermore, the Government has put in place several containment measures. These include closure of most non-essential social spaces to gatherings, put limitations on public transportation passenger capacity. The Government imposed a dusk to dawn curfew. The socio-economic impact of these containment policies and measures have been particularly hard on low-income earners who often rely on daily wages from casual work and impacted their abilities to meet basic needs. In response to the challenges above, the National Hygiene Program (NHP), dubbed the Kazi Mtaani initiative. Through this initiative, residents from informal settlements were recruited to undertake projects concentrated in and around informal settlements with the aim of improving the environment, infrastructure improvement and providing income generation opportunities. The recruited workers get daily wages for work (cash for work) in a program that supports widespread employment. Sustainable Development Goals

Goal 11 - Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable Part 1: Transformative Commitments for Sustainable Urban Development 1: Transformative Commitments for Sustainable Urban Development

1.1. Sustainable Urban Development for Social Inclusion and Ending Poverty

1.1.1. Social Inclusion and Ending Poverty

• Eradicate poverty in all its forms

Achievements 1. The Access to Government Procurement Opportunities and Public Finance Management Act 2012 (Amendment) reserves at least 30 per cent of all public procurements to women, youths and persons with disability. 2. Establishment of Affirmative Action Funds which include National Government Affirmative Action Fund, Uwezo Fund, Women Enterprise Fund and Youth Enterprise Development Fund. 3. Establishment of Kenya Youth Employment and Opportunities Project which is a five-year project from 2016-2021. Its aims to increase employment and earning opportunities youth. By June 2020, 39,426 youth had been trained in life skills while 36, 848 youth had been trained in core business skills. 4. Transformative social protection such as conditional cash transfers, public works programmes, affordable health charges, child protection services among others which aims to enhance incomes and capabilities as well as address concerns of social injustice and exclusion Challenges 1. Inadequate funding to the agriculture sector and market access for produce 2. High levels of youth unemployment. 3. Weak entrepreneurial skills amongst women to start and sustain income generating activities • Address inequality in urban areas by promoting equally shared opportunities and benefits

Achievements 1. Operationalization of Huduma Kenya Programme that is providing citizens access to various public services and information from one-stop-shop citizen. This programme has brought services closer to the people that include; application of Identification Card, access to National Hospital Insurance Fund (NHIF) member statements and accredited institution, Certificate of good conduct, status of pension claims etc. There are 55 Huduma Centers distributed all over 47 counties and with over 30,000 people served daily, 9.5 Million citizens have been served since the programme inception. 2. Establishment of Local Urban Forums (LUFs) constituted by over 3,500 Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) working with vulnerable urban communities in 21 . Through well-coordinated efforts, local policies and governance transformations have been realized. For instance; i. Local Urban Forum has successfully delivered a Local Land Policy framework adopted by the County Assembly in 2017 and already applied in the Courts of Justice to grant over 600 informal settlement dwellers tenure security. ii. In County, a Citizens Budget Model has been institutionalized with a resultant 15% increase in budget allocation for the marginalized urban areas between the years 2016 - 2018. iii. Uasin-Gishu Local Urban Forum has successfully influenced a policy on public spaces with the rehabilitated Nandi Park standing out as important meeting and recreation space with an average of 400 users daily. 3. With the establishment of the new Municipal Boards, Civil Society Urban Development Platform (CSUDP) under the Urban Board Non-State Agencies Model (UBNA), has been adopted by at least 4 Boards in constituting the legally provided for Citizens Fora. This Model has been useful in ensuring appropriate representation and operationalization of the Boards. It has also been instrumental in training the Counties on how to set up the Citizen’s Forums. • Enhance social inclusion of vulnerable groups (women, youth, older persons and persons with disabilities and migrants)

Achievements 1. Ministry of Education introduced Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics Mentorship programme aiming at increasing female enrolment into engineering and applied science courses and taking up science-based professions. 2. Country wide campaign against gender-based violence and establishment of Gender Based Violence Recovery Centers and Safe Spaces. 3. To achieve Gender Equality and empower all Women and Girls, the following Hotlines improved reporting by victims of gender-based violence and the public; LVCT one2one youth 1190, Kimbilio GBV 1193, Child line Kenya 116, and Police 999 and 112. 4. Development of the National Women in Political Leadership Curriculum in the Ministry of Public Service and Gender for sustainability and is expected to build the capacity of the women leaders vying for various political positions in the 2022 general election. 5. National Policy on Gender and Development, 2019 which aims at achieving equality of opportunity and outcomes with respect to access to and control of National and County resources and services and equality of treatment that meets the specific and distinct needs of different categories of men and women. 6. Development of National Policy for Eradication of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), 2019. Since its adoption, there has heightened advocacy against FGM and rescuing as well as rehabilitation of those affected. 7. Provision and enforcement of re-entry policy for girls who may have dropped out of school for one reason or another that was introduced in Kenya in 1994, its enforcement is currently taking place. 8. The CSUDP through a partnership with Pamoja Trust and the Center for Urban Research and Innovation (CURI) of University of Nairobi, a model for social planning dubbed Adaptive Settlement Planning Model (ASPM) has been deployed in 14 informal settlements. This has directly benefited over 5,000 inhabitants of these settlements, drawing in new public investments in infrastructure and basic services. 9. Formulation of Nairobi Integrated Urban Development Master Plan (NIUPLAN) to achieve sustainable development and harness the enormous economic potential, increase energy efficiency, reduce social inequity and create sustainable livelihoods for all. Challenges 1. Inadequate gender statistics, disaggregation, dissemination and use of gender research. 2. Insufficient Gender Based Violence (GBV) response and prevention mechanism and harmful socio-cultural practices such as FGM, child marriage and widow inheritance. 3. Limited Sex Education and Reproductive Health Awareness. Lesson learnt 1. Enhanced partnership approach model is key to the effective implementation of gender programmes. This enhances the efficiency in implementation of programmes and resources for gender programmes. • Ensure equal access to public spaces including streets, sidewalks, and cycling lane

Achievements 1. In collaboration with UN-Habitat, the Nairobi City County through the established Nairobi Metropolitan Services have documented 817 public open spaces of the city through a ‘public spaces baseline survey-inventory programme’. Currently NMS is in the process of revitalizing public spaces which include 5 neighborhood playing grounds in eastlands, 2 stadiums in Woodley and Dandora and 3 recreational grounds. The has in place an elaborate initiative for re-engineering several gardens in the city – including Kamukunji grounds, Uhuru park, Gardens at City Cabanas interchange, Aga Khan Walk Gardens, Muindi Mbingu Boulevard, Globe Roundabout Garden among others. Jeevanjee Gardens, City Park, Michuki Park are all under renovation among many others neighborhood gardens and parks being revitalized by communities at neighborhood level. 2. Allocation of land for public spaces during the local physical and land use development plan preparation process by the State Department for Physical Planning. Over 25 plans have been prepared from 2016 to date and these have made provision for public spaces. 3. To improve transport mobility and accessibility within Nairobi Metropolitan Areas (NMR), the following was achieved: 96Kms of Bitumen roads and 33Km of Non-Motorized Transport (NMT) facilities were constructed within Nairobi Metropolitan Areas (NMR) 4. In collaboration with UN-Habitat, prepared the City and County Inventory of Public Open Spaces & Public Markets that shows that the city only has 38 Open Public Spaces, representing a mere 2.5% of urban land. The inventory is currently guiding the City on how best to transform the spaces. Challenge 1. Encroachment on the public spaces by private developers 1.1.2. Access to Adequate Housing

• Ensure access to adequate and affordable housing

Achievements 1. Construction, completion and allocation to beneficiaries of 1370 affordable housing units at Park Road under the Affordable Housing Programme (AHP) at a cost of KES 4.9 Billion. This is an initiative by the Government as one of the pillars under the Big Four Agenda which ensures that low and middle income households have access to decent and affordable housing units. 2. Under the Civil Servants Housing Scheme Programme 870 housing units have been constructed for Civil Servants whereby 250 housing units were completed in Kisumu, 200 units in County are practically complete (98%), 220 units in are at 85% completion while 200 units in County are at 80% completion level. Under the same scheme, plans are underway for construction of 1350 housing units in Muranga, , , Kisii Mombasa, , , Uasin Gishu and Meru. 3. Implementation of Rural Housing Programme- this entailed construction to completion level for twelve (12) Appropriate Building Materials and Technology centers (ABMTC) in different parts of the country as follows: - , ; Nyakach, ; Kigumo and Maragua, Murang’a County; Balambala, ; Olkalau, ; Buuri, ; Mwea, Embu county; Tharaka South, Tharaka county; East,; Nyatike, and Tarbaj in county. It also entailed training of 5,350 individuals on ABMT and identification of land for construction of more ABMT centers in Pokot South, Konoin, South, Ugenya, Bahati, West and Kesses Constituencies. 4. The Government has identified Strategic Partners in the delivery of Affordable Housing some of which include; Kings Serenity (), and Pangani Affordable among others. 5. Construction of 2332 National Police and Prisons Housing Units are underway with 300 units out of these complete at Kwa Vonza (60No.); Nyeri Main Prison (60No.); Meru Main Prison (60No.); Border Patrol Unit – (60No.); and Siakago Police Station (60No.). 2032 housing units are at various levels of completion. 6. The Kenya Urban Support Programme (KUSP) under the State Department for Housing and Urban Development has disbursed Kenya shillings 24.7 billion to the counties to provide infrastructure for the Affordable Housing Programme. 7. Setting up of Expanded Polystyrene Building Panels (EPS) factory the National Housing Corporation to promote Appropriate Building Technologies. Since 2016, the factory has produced 450,000M2 EPS panels for both internal use and selling to external customers. In addition, the Corporation has developed a training program to train Artisans on the use of the EPS Technology and since 2016; over 2000 artisans have been trained. 8. Refurbishment of 1,355 Government rental housing units in various counties and 22 public offices repainted in Nairobi to improve the living and working environment. 9. Since the adoption of the New Urban Agenda (NUA) during the Third United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development held in October 2016 in Quito, Ecuador, the Government of Kenya through the Ministry of Transport, Infrastructure, Housing and Urban Development developed her popular version of the NUA through joint efforts of various stakeholders. The NUA aims at providing a framework for guiding development of sustainable urbanization, housing and human settlements over a period of twenty years as well as implementation of the SDGs and 2030 Agenda. The Government of Kenya has been undertaking implementation of the same through an implementation strategy in the Kenya Popular Version. 10. Urban Renewal Program by Nairobi City County aims to transform 8 low-density estates into 15,000 inclusive apartments with planned open spaces. The county through Nairobi Metropolitan Services is also undertaking a major programme to re-develop the old housing estates in the Eastlands part of the city that has previously been subject to poor planning and under-utilization. The identified areas are Bachelor’s/ Jeevanjee Estate, Ngong Road Estate, Old Ngara Estate, New Ngara Estate, Pangani Estate, Uhuru Estate and Suna plot. Challenges 1. High population growth rate. 2. Rapid urbanization. 3. High costs of land 4. Inadequate legislative support at National and County level 5. Weak monitoring, evaluation and feedback frameworks Lessons Learnt 1. To make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable, the government installed Surveillance and Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) cameras and establishing an integrated command and control center that enables police to receive and respond to emergency calls from the public helped to prevent and contain crime. • Ensure access to sustainable housing finance options

Achievements 1. Establishment of Kenya Mortgage Refinance Company (KMRC) to support end user financing of Affordable Housing. This is an initiative of The National Treasury and World Bank that was established in 2019 to support the affordable housing agenda by providing secure, long-term loans to primary mortgage lenders including banks, microfinance banks and SACCOs to make mortgages cheaper for Kenyans 2. The CSUDP partnered with the National Cooperative Housing Union (NACHU) to promote a Primary Housing Cooperative (PHC) model amongst the low-income earners as a means of accessing capital for low-cost housing development. This partnership has delivered over 100 PHCs with the most promising impact delivered through 544 houses constructed by members of the PHC acquiring new own home ownership status. 3. The National Housing Corporation has issued a total of Kshs. 409.182 Million in loans towards the Rural and Peri- urban housing loans to 199 beneficiaries across the country. 4. Civil Servants Housing Scheme Fund to facilitate government employees to own homes by providing cheaper mortgages as compared to market rates Challenges 1. High cost of financing housing and supportive infrastructure development. 2. Inadequate incentives to spur private sector investments in low cost housing. 3. Inadequate funding from the national exchequer for housing • Establish security of tenure

Achievements 1. The Kenya Informal Settlements Improvement Project (KISIP) that undertakes infrastructure improvement and tenure regularization in the informal settlements has impacted 14 Counties through planning and surveying of 80 informal settlements and issuance of 25,440 title deeds. A total of 1,380,900 people have benefited from infrastructure provision and tenure regularization. 2. The CSUDP partnered with Pamoja Trust and the Mombasa Local Urban Forum to deliver a people-driven County Land Policy that was adopted by the County Government. Through this policy, 1,100 household of Kwa Bulo Settlement were in July 2017 issued with Certificates of Occupancy and 596 Women-led households from Chelanga informal settlement in Mombasa received their Certificates of Occupancy under the same policy framework. 3. Preparation of Physical and Land Use Development Plans for settling the Internally Displaced Persons (IDP). 4. Facilitation of upgrading of informal settlements and security of tenure through the KISIP. 24 Plans were processed and approved and these were in Kilifi, Kakamega, Kisumu, Nakuru, , Mombasa, Nyeri and Uasin Gishu counties. This process has contributed to the processing of over 129,073 titles by adjudication sections; and 5,446 titles for informal settlements Challenge 1. Politicization of the resettlement and slum upgrading process • Establish slum upgrading programmes

Achievements 1. Mapping of 498 No. Informal settlements in Kenya 2. Completion of 462 housing units constructed under Sustainable Neighborhood Programme (SNP) in Mavoko, . 3. Formation of Settlement Executive Committees in 40 Counties 4. Completion and allocation of 298 Market Stalls in Kibera Zone A in Nairobi City County 5. Relocation of approximately 4,000 beneficiaries from Kibera Soweto Zone ‘B’ 6. The Government has engaged 278,736 youth and women under the National Hygiene Programme initiative dubbed “Kazi Mtaani”. This initiative is aimed at cleaning of our human settlements with special focus on Slums and informal settlements. 7. Installation of high mast lighting systems in selected slums and informal settlements across the country in Meru, , , Taita Taveta, Kajiado, Kiambu, , , Nakuru and Kakamega 8. Construction of dispensary in Muyeye, 9. Construction of a Social Hall in Majengo slums, Meru County 10. Construction and rehabilitation of classrooms and associated facilities in and Nakuru Counties 11. Construction of Sewerline in Kericho and Machakos Counties 12. Construction of open markets in some informal settlements across the country e.g. Uhuru Business Complex in Kisumu, Musanda & Buchifu in Kakamega, Chepkube in Bungoma, Bondeni in Kitale, Ngaru in Kirinyaga and Ijara Market in Garissa 13. Tarmacking of access roads in various Informal Settlements in Dagoretti, Mwiki, Makutano in Meru, Kericho , West Pokot and . Challenges 1. Lack of adequate land for slum upgrading 2. Lack of goodwill and mistrust from the beneficiaries 1.1.3. Access to Basic Services

• Provide access to safe drinking water, sanitation and solid waste disposal

Achievements 1. The Ministry of Water, Sanitation and Irrigation through Water Sector Trust Fund was awarded the prestigious 2019 United Nations Public Service Awards (UNPSA), after its Up-scaling Basic Sanitation for the Urban Poor (UBSUP) programme. It was selected as one of the winners of the award under the “Delivering Inclusive and Equitable Services to Leave No One Behind” category being the only institution from Africa. The programme provides a post-construction incentive or subsidy for the toilets at a cost of Kshs.20, 000 (USD 200) for a new toilet and Kshs.15, 000 (USD150) for a rehabilitated toilet. So far, the implementation of the programme is being undertaken in 19 counties benefitting 500,000 people. 2. The Government of Kenya, together with development partners, developed campaigns to raise awareness on the importance of washing hands with soap. The High 5 for Handwashing Campaign supported by Unilever East Africa was committed to change the handwashing behavior of 12 million Kenyans by 2020 by educating and empowering underprivileged communities. 3. In contributing to access to safe drinking water, the impact has been realized through a delegated water service model (DWSM) implemented through a partnership of CSUDP with Pamoja Trust. This has facilitated access to portable water for over 5,000 informal settlement dwellers in three Counties. The model has now been fully adopted by three Water Service Providers, namely Kisumu Water and Sewerage Company Ltd, Water and Sewerage Company Ltd, and Mombasa Water and Sewerage Company Ltd. 4. Activation of the Kenya Water Pooled Fund which is a non-profit company that provides water utilities with access to capital market financing for their water and sanitation infrastructure needs. 5. Increasing water storage capacity for domestic and industrial use by 623 Cubic Meters by constructing larger medium and small size dams. 6. Allocation of land for water reservoirs and solid waste disposal sites. 7. Nairobi Metropolitan Services has invested in sinking over 100 boreholes across the Nairobi city and especially in the informal settlements. 8. Nairobi Metropolitan Services in collaboration with Nairobi Water and Sewerage Company, Athi Water Service Board and Ministry of Water and Natural Resources has also invested on expansion of sewerage systems and modernized the old to make sure that all sewerage collected flows to the treatment plant. 9. Digitized e-water portal to improve data collection and information management for effective planning and decision-making. Challenges 1. Pollution and degradation of water catchment areas. 2. Slow implementation of Last Mile Water Connectivity Project leading to trans-county conflicts on water resources. 3. Untreated or inadequately treated municipal sewerage. 4. Inadequate water storage infrastructure. 5. Lengthy land acquisition process for water and sanitation projects. Lesson learnt. 1. Collaborative framework between the National and County governments is essential for ensuring sustainable water resource and sanitation management. 2. The emergence of the blue economy has provided an opportunity to invest in marine, rivers and lakes ecosystems and natural/water resources management • Ensure access to safe and efficient public transport system

Achievements 1. Installation of Public/Street-lighting project in nearly all towns in Kenya to improve road and personal safety and security. To date the Government has spent over Kshs. 15 billion in implementing this project in various counties in the country 2. Mainstreamed climate change into development of port facilities, roads, railways and bridges to account for rising sea levels and the increased occurrence of extreme weather events and flooding. 3. Implementation of Mass Rapid Transit Improvement Programme. This entails establishment of mass transit system for the Greater Nairobi in the form of the planned bus rapid transit corridors and Nairobi Commuter Rail Network that has commuter stations in Kikuyu, Embakasi, Pipeline, Donholm, Dandora, Kahawa, , , Githurai and Mwiki. 4. Rehabilitated the meter-gauge railway and expanded Nairobi metropolitan commuter railway. This has reduced traffic congestion within Nairobi. Improvement of rail transport including upgrading of Commuter Rail System and construction of a railway station at Syokimau and Imara Daima has also been accomplished. This has resulted in reliable and high capacity passenger and freight transport; reduced freight and passenger tariffs; decongested roads leading to savings in road maintenance and increase in employment opportunities. 5. Operationalized the Standard Gauge Railway (SGR) phase I covering 472 Kms from Mombasa to Nairobi and construction of Phase 2A of Nairobi to covering 120.5 KMs) of the SGR project that was commissioned in 2019. This has reduced cost of transport, Traffic Congestion and the travel time between the two cities from 12 to 6 hours. The SGR is among low carbon transport options aimed at increasing movement of people and goods as well as shift significant amount of freight from road to rail, improve passenger and freight vehicle efficiency. 6. Commissioning of the construction of the second Inland Container Depot (ICD) in Naivasha located in a 1,000-acre land gazetted for the industrial park in 2019. 7. Launch of the 1.2 Kilometer Liwatoni pedestrian floating bridge across the Likoni Channel in in December 2020 which will serve as a gateway for Mombasa Port 8. Implementation of the Port South Sudan Ethiopia Transport (LAPSSET) Corridor Project. As the largest integrated transformative infrastructure project in Africa, LAPSSET has opened up northern Kenya and providing a reliable transport corridor to Ethiopia, South Sudan and to some extent Uganda. 9. Expanded and modernized aviation facilities. These include: upgrading of airports; and the development and improvement of airstrips. The Jomo Kenyatta International Airport has been expanded and requisite infrastructure put in place to support direct flights to major international cities. 10. Improved port efficiency by implementation of the Electronic Single Window System and the operationalization of the 24-hour port operations. In this regard, the Kenya Tradenet System was launched. It is an electronic single window system that allows clients to lodge port clearance documents to the multiple government agencies involved in clearing cargo at the comfort of their offices. The System has decongested cities and roads due to reduced delays and lower costs of clearing goods at the Port and Kenyan borders. 11. Improvement of maritime facilities including dredging and widening of Mombasa Port and development of container Berth. 12. Planning for transportation networks that include wide road reserves to accommodate water reticulation networks was done during the Local Physical and Land Use Development Plan preparation process. Challenges 1. Vandalism of public infrastructure facilities. 2. High capital investments and costs of infrastructure. 3. Encroachment of land earmarked for public infrastructure (road and railway) reserves. 4. Costly climate change adaptation and mitigation measures. 5. Inadequate funding for maintenance, rehabilitation and construction of new infrastructure. 6. Delayed disbursement of funds to undertake the planning process and insufficient funds to complete the projects on time. Lessons learnt 1. Integration of disaster risk reduction and management in the transport sub-sector is key to ensure that transport systems remain safe, effective and operational during and after disasters to provide live-saving and essential services in cities and human settlements. • Provide access to modern renewable energy

Achievements 1. Kenya is one of the most viable commercial solar photovoltaic markets in Africa. In 2018, solar power generated 13.7 GWh from an installed capacity of about 50.3 MW (on-grid). 2. Enactment of the Energy Act 2019 and Petroleum Act 2019, which has transformed the energy sector. 3. The Government of Kenya is implementing a gradual phase-out of expensive diesel power generators to provide cheaper and cleaner energy. 4. Kenya is home to the largest wind farm in Africa (the Lake Turkana Wind Farm) of about 310 MW. The country is ranked number eight worldwide in geothermal energy production with an aggregate capacity of over 800 MW. 5. Kenya is one of the most viable commercial solar photovoltaic markets in Africa. In 2018, solar power generated 13.7 GWh from an installed capacity of about 50.3 MW (on-grid). 6. The Government of Kenya has put in place Feed-in-Tariff Policy that gives incentives to attract private sector participation in energy generation using renewable sources. 7. The Ministry of Energy has developed a proposal for renewable energy auctions policy to take advantage of private sector participation through competitive bidding for solar and wind projects. The Ministry has also put in place electricity access strategies and programs such as Kenya Off-grid Solar Access Project (KOSAP) and Last Mile Connectivity. Through KOSAP, private sector has been facilitated to deliver electrification through mini grids, solar home systems and clean cooking systems. 8. Providing access to modern renewable energy e.g. Lake Turkana Wind Power and Olkaria Geothermal. 9. Kenya’s installed renewable energy generating capacity increased from 18.8 to 25.5 watts per capita in 2017 and 2019 respectively. 10. Rolling out of the ‘Mwananchi Gas Project” (dabbed Gas Yetu), aimed at increasing affordability of liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) cylinders to poor households. 11. To ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all, Mkopa Solar product enabled off-grid communities to leap from using nonrenewable energy to affordable and sustainable practices, while cutting down on pollution. It combines embedded GSM + mobile payments to revolutionize asset financing in emerging markets. Use of digital money platforms e.g. MPESA to pay power bills Challenges 1. Long lead time of developing energy infrastructure projects and high capital investment outlay. 2. Reluctance among the population in switching from conventional to new and more environment-friendly energy sources. 3. Land tenure system with dispersed settlement patterns. 4. Balancing competing objectives in the energy sector such as rapid capacity expansion against the need for lower tariffs and the need for greening our generation against the desire for cheaper reliable capacities. 5. Ever increasing costs of compensation for wayleaves and sites for energy projects due to land speculations. Lesson Learnt 1. There is need for provision of security for power infrastructure installations as a key national concern to guard against terror threats and safeguard against projects delivery timelines. 1.2. Sustainable and Inclusive Urban Prosperity and Opportunities for All

• Achieve productive employment for all including youth employment

Achievements 1. Launch of the Buy Kenya Build Kenya Strategy (BKBK) in 2017 aimed at inculcating in the mind of all Kenyan citizens, patriotism and preference for Kenyan goods and services as a means of supporting the domestic economy. 2. Construction of a first cruise terminal to facilitate cruise tourism in Mombasa. 3. Establishment of the mobile based banking services e.g. Kenya Commercial Bank Mpesa Services 4. Life skills training and employment creation among the youth and women under National Hygiene Programme (Kazi Mtaani) where 278,736 workers have benefited from the programme. 5. Establishment of Premium Parks and Signature Wildlife Parks. 6. Trained 5,350 people on use of Appropriate Building Materials and Technologies across the Counties. 7. Establishment of common platforms where subscribers can send money across other networks. 8. Engaging 320 young professional interns to support sustainable urban programs at the Municipal levels in 59 municipalities. 9. Establishment and zoning of industrial parks to spur economic growth. In this regard, the Master Plan for the development of Naivasha Industrial Park in was done. 10. Preparation of Physical and Land Use Development Plans for Special Economic Zones (SEZ). This include SEZ planning in collaboration with Export Processing Zone Authority (EPZA) for Kinanie Leather Industrial Park and Samburu SEZs Local Physical and Land Use Development Plans. 11. Recruited and trained a total of 1,200 ICT graduates on ICT high end skills under the Presidential Digital Talent Programme. 12. Implementation of Ajira Digital programme and trained over 50,000 youths on online jobs as well as connected 1.3 million citizens to digital jobs under the programme and also established 189 Constituency Innovation hubs to support the Ajira programme. 13. Over 3,000 mass media personnel were trained at the Kenya Institute of Mass Communication (KIMC) thereby boosting the national talent pool on mass media skills. Challenges 1. High costs associated with adopting new/emerging technologies. 2. Low levels of value addition that affects manufacturing. 3. Dumping of counterfeit and sub-standard goods in the country 4. Non-Tariff Barriers (NTBs) within East Africa Community. 5. High capital investments and costs of industrial production. 6. The effect of COVID-19 on the tourism sub sector Lesson Learnt 1. New and emerging technologies provide future opportunities as well as threats to the existing ICT environment. 2. Mobile money has led to near complete financial inclusions, increased credit availability to small traders through digital platforms, thereby reducing costs associated with mobility and processing of credit further eased business across distant physical locations. Government’s Ajira Digital online work programme which increases participation in online work and reduce unemployment for youth 3. To improve agricultural livelihoods and economic development, the automated Market Information System (MIS) improves collection, processing and dissemination of market information on real time basis. • Strengthen the informal economy

Achievements 1. Launch of ‘Pochi La Biashara’, which is a product that allows business owners such as: food vendors, small kiosk owners, boda-boda operators, secondhand clothes dealers, etc. to receive and separate business funds from personal funds on their M-PESA line. 2. Development of 11No. markets which include Uhuru Business Park, Karandini, Mwariro, Ngong, Kikuyu, Kihara, Juja, Ruiru, Daraja Mbili, Westlands and Buchifi to stimulate trade and economic empowerment. Challenges 1. Inadequate access to financial services for industrial development. 2. Dumping of counterfeit and sub-standard goods in the country 3. Market dominance by big operators. 4. Cybercrime 5. There is a gradual shift from conventional aid support to adoption of market (trade) oriented initiatives. This has been triggered by reducing funding & shifting donor priorities. • Strengthen the informal economy

Achievements 1. Launch of ‘Pochi La Biashara’, which is a product that allows business owners such as: food vendors, small kiosk owners, boda-boda operators, secondhand clothes dealers, etc. to receive and separate business funds from personal funds on their M-PESA line. 2. Development of 11No. markets which include Uhuru Business Park, Karandini, Mwariro, Ngong, Kikuyu, Kihara, Juja, Ruiru, Daraja Mbili, Westlands and Buchifi to stimulate trade and economic empowerment. Challenges 1. Inadequate access to financial services for industrial development. 2. Dumping of counterfeit and sub-standard goods in the country 3. Market dominance by big operators. 4. Cybercrime 5. There is a gradual shift from conventional aid support to adoption of market (trade) oriented initiatives. This has been triggered by reducing funding & shifting donor priorities. 1.2.2. Sustainable Prosperity for All

• Diversify of the urban economy and promote cultural and creative industries

Achievements i. Development of markets as part of economic stimulus projects (ESP) across the Country Challenges i. Low budgetary allocations ii. Delay in disbursement / flow of funds towards timely completion of the initiated projects iii. Covid-19 pandemic Lessons learnt i. Functional markets provide a platform for urban residents to improve their income levels • Develop technical and entrepreneurial skills to thrive in a modern urban economy

Develop technical and entrepreneurial skills to thrive in a modern urban economy Achievements Planning and installation of key urban infrastructure have been undertaken in 20 Informal Settlements in 7 major towns as follows. Nairobi (Kayole, Soweto, KCC settlements), Machakos (Swahili and Kariobangi settlements), Mombasa (Ziwa la Ng’ombe, Mkomani, Jomvu Kuu and Jomvu Mikanjuni settlements), Nakuru (Kaptembwa, Kwa Rhoda, Gilani settlements) Eldoret (Huruma, Munyaka, Kamukunji), Naivasha (Karagita, Kasarani, Kamere, Kihoto settlements) and (Kibokoni) under the Kenya Urban Support Programme Challenges 1. Low budgetary allocation Lessons learnt Participatory approach is important in project planning and management • Develop urban-rural linkages to maximize productivity

Achievements 1. The Government through the State Department for Physical Planning has been developing urban-rural linkages to maximize productivity through the preparation of Physical and Land Use Development plans, with land use allocations that support rural urban linkages and the promotion of rural development. These include proposals for industrial sites, markets, processing and value addition sites and transportation networks among others. 2. The results achieved from 2016 to date include the preparation of the National Spatial Plan (NSP) that gives a policy guideline on the development of rural urban linkages. The plan is available at https://lands.go.ke/guidelines-standards/. 3. The State Department has also prepared several Local Physical and Land Use Development Plans. They include , Malili and in Makueni Local Physical and Land Use Development Plans. Challenges 1. Delayed disbursement of funds to undertake the planning process 2. Insufficient funds to complete the projects on time. Lessons learnt Coordination among the different sectors involved in the promotion of rural urban linkages is paramount in ensuring balanced development 1.3.1. Resilience, Mitigation and Adaptation of Cities and Human Settlements

• Minimize urban sprawl and loss of biodiversity resulting from it

Achievements 1. Promotion of the principle of compact urban development in the planning process. Physical and Land Use Development Plans prepared have urban development proposals contained in an area with a clear boundary from neighboring land uses thereby containing urban development activities. The plans also propose vertical development to minimize on space usage. The eco village concept in the planning process has also been applied in containing residential and other urban activities in a central area while the remaining land is set aside for farming. Plans prepared using the principle of compact urban development and eco village concept include Kisima internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) resettlement and Kulalu (ADC) Local Physical and Land Use Advisory Plans. Challenges 1. Delayed disbursement of funds to undertake the planning process 2. Insufficient funds to complete the projects on time 3. Political interference in the resettlement process Lessons learnt Political support is necessary in project planning and implementation • Implement climate change mitigation and adaptation actions

Achievements 1. Establishment of Climate Change units by County Governments to support coordination of climate change adaptation and mitigation interventions. 2. Setting up a secretariat towards implementation of Building Climate Resilience of the Urban Poor (BCRUP) initiative in 2019. 3. Provision of advisories on flood related hazards in hotspot urban areas across the Country for action by relevant authorities including County Governments of Nairobi, Kisumu, Nakuru, , Mombasa, Machakos, Eldoret and Nyeri. 4. Installation of street lighting and greening of public spaces by various Cities / Municipalities under the Kenya Urban Support Programme. 5. Nairobi City County has partnered with C40, SEI and 100 Resilient Cities leading global initiatives addressing climate change related issues with a view to enhancing its capacity to respond to emerging climate change issues including impact of natural and human-made disasters, the county has to date mounted 8 Air Quality monitoring devices across the city. Challenges 1. Poverty among population in arid and semi-arid areas hence little capability to adapt. 2. Inadequacy of modern meteorological, climatological and hydrological infrastructure to facilitate the rapid exchange of data and products. 3. Insufficient funds to complete the projects on time and politicization of the resettlement process Lessons learnt 1. Collaborative framework between the National and County governments is essential for sustainable environmental management. 2. The impact of climate change has increased the frequency and magnitude of extreme weather patterns. • Develop systems to reduce the impact of natural and human-made disasters

Achievements 1. Developed and adopted Ending Drought Emergencies (2013- 2022) Strategy. The Government has prioritized promotion of climate proof infrastructure, sustainable livelihood, human capital development, peace and security and disaster risk management. 2. Developed and adopted National Disaster Financing Strategy of 2018 3. Establishment of the National Drought Emergency Fund. 4. Developed a web-based drought response system linked to drought early warning system where resources are earmarked for drought preparedness and responses are triggered in line with drought early warning thresholds. 5. Promoted/supported the development of social safety nets as disaster risk reduction measures linked to and integrated with livelihood enhancement programmes to ensure resilience to shocks at the household and community levels by providing bi-monthly cash transfers to 100,000 households that are most vulnerable to drought shocks and also providing drought shock-responsive cash transfers to households during shocks such as drought and floods (see www.hsnp.go.ke for details). 6. Implemented risk transfer instruments such as index-based crop and livestock insurance to permanent housing, and the use of guidelines and follow-up tools informed by anticipated demographic and environmental changes. 7. NHC has incorporated green building features in proposed Housing projects i.e. water saving, energy saving features such as natural lighting and ventilation, energy saving fittings, water conservation feature, use of EPS construction technology, aligning the building to North-South Direction, solar lighting, Liquid Petroleum Gas reticulation for housing estates, roof water harvesting, Making provisions for green / open spaces for NHC housing developments. 8. All County governments have fully adopted and implemented local Disaster Risk Reduction strategies in line with national risk reduction strategies. Challenges 1. Human encroachment on environmentally sensitive areas • Build urban resilience through quality infrastructure and spatial planning

Achievements 1. Preparation of over 25 Local and Physical Land Use Development Plans with proposals for conservation areas. 2. Conservation of environmentally fragile areas through planning and prohibiting incompatible land uses. This includes hill tops, steep slopes, gazette forests, wildlife habitats, rivers, lakes and oceans. Buffer zones are also provided to safeguard the areas from encroachment. 3. Development and implementation of the 10 per cent strategy on the attainment of 10 per cent tree cover by the year 2022. 4. Mapping of 498 slums / informal settlements which are vulnerable to adverse climate change effects. 5. Promoted the resilience of new and existing critical infrastructure, including water, transportation and telecommunications infrastructure, educational facilities, hospitals and other health facilities, to ensure that they remain safe, effective and operational during and after disasters in order to provide live-saving and essential services. Challenges 1. Human encroachment on environmentally sensitive areas 2. Delayed disbursement of funds to undertake the planning process 3. Insufficient funds to complete the projects on time. 4. Inadequate resources to complete the scheduled 32 rail stations within the Nairobi Metropolitan region. Lessons learnt 1. Coordination among different players in the provision of infrastructure is key in building urban resilience 2. Investing in green infrastructure is vital for climate change mitigation 1.3.2. Sustainable Management and Use of Natural Resources

• Strengthen the sustainable management of natural resources in urban areas

Achievement The Government has Supported improvement /greening of public spaces across the Country specifically in Kiambu, Nairobi, Kilifi, , Mombasa Counties among others. Challenges 1. Inadequate resources Lessons learnt Public private partnership is key towards increasing the green public spaces in the Country • Drive resource conservation and waste reduction, reuse, and recycling

Achievements 1. Implementation of National Solid Waste Management Strategy 2015 and action plans on waste management and pollution levels in five major cities and towns. 2. Implementation and enforcement of the single-use plastic bags ban initiative since 2017. 3. The Government imposed a ban on logging and extraction of timber in public and community forests. 4. With funding from Government, UN-Habitat implemented ‘The Solid Waste Management and Youth Livelihoods Support in Kisii Town, ’ leading to creation of 50 new jobs in the town through recycling of plastic waste into saleable products. So far, the youth have participated in trade fairs and exhibitions through which they have successfully sold plastic products. Challenges Inadequate resources Lessons learnt 1. Recycling of waste generates employment opportunities • Implement environmentally sound management of water resources and urban coastal areas

Achievements 1. Urban Waterfront Planning and Development targeting coastal and inland waterfronts such as Mama Ngina Drive in Mombasa, Nairobi River Regeneration along Korogocho and Mathare Slums, Kisumu Lakefront Development, Malindi Waterfront Urban Renewal and Recreational Park. 2. Rehabilitating and protecting Kenya’s five major water towers, namely the Aberdares, Cherangany, the Mau Complex, Mt. Kenya and Mt. Elgon and other smaller significant water towers and catchment areas. 3. In conserving and sustainably using the Oceans, Seas and Marine Resources for Sustainable Development- Mobile phone data collected in several landing sites at the Coast, where fisheries, KMFRI and Kenya Forest Service (KeFS) officers submit data directly to the KeFS database to facilitate efficient fish data collection for planning and informed decision- making 4. Collaboration with other stakeholders to promote climate change adaptation and mitigation measures on fisheries and aquaculture. 5. Promoting local deep sea fishing companies through joint ventures, reflagging of foreign fishing vessels and chartered fishing vessels 6. Deepening the Blue Economy Strategy. 7. Establishment of the Kenya Coast Guard Service in 2018. This is a specialized maritime force responsible for law enforcement on national waters, including on the oceans, lakes and rivers. The force is mandated to maintain maritime safety, security, pollution control and sanitation. • Adopt a smart-city approach that leverages digitization, clean energy and technologies

Achievement Konza City is set to be a world-class Smart City and a prime economic driver for the nation, with a robust mix of businesses, workers, residents, and urban amenities. It will be the country’s heart of innovative solutions for ICTs, business, and health and education. The government purchased 5000 acres of land for the project located in Konza in Makueni County. Cadastral survey has been completed and a perimeter wall constructed around it. The 4.1 Km auto boulevard (main road) and another 8.1Km access roads to individual parcels at the Konza Technopolis have been completed and are in use. Provision of bulk clean water from Nol- Turesh main supply has been completed and the commodity is now available for construction works and residential purpose. Plans are at advance stage to for the provision of power from three power stations to the site. Establishment of trunk fibre connectivity to the Techno city is 70% complete. It is expected to generate 16, 000 direct jobs. Part 2: Effective Implementation 2: Effective Implementation

2.1. Building the Urban Governance Structure: Establishing a Supportive Framework

• Decentralize to enable Subnational and local governments undertake their assigned responsibilities

Achievements The County Governments have mainstreamed SDGs in their CIDPs (2018-2022) and in the Annual Development Plans (ADPs). The Counties in collaboration with the National Government are currently strengthening local SDGs coordination mechanism through establishment of coordination frameworks. The County Governments have appointed and inducted County SDGs Champions to steer the process of SDGs implementation and awareness raising. In 2019, five pilot Counties (Kwale, Kisumu, Busia, and Taita Taveta) developed Local Voluntary Reports (LVRs) on SDGs implementation. On the other hand, the National Government in collaboration with the CoG and the UN has been engaging the sub-national government through workshops. The target group are the officers in charge of planning, budgeting and monitoring where 150 officers from all the 47 sub-national governments have been trained. The goal of this training was to strengthen the capacities of the officers in localizing and mainstreaming SDGs in planning, budgeting, implementation and monitoring. This training addresses awareness creation, stakeholder mapping and engagement, development of SDGs based strategies, tracking and reporting. Challenges 1. Inadequate financing to realize the building of an effective urban governance structure 2. Lack of information on the SDGs Lessons learnt 1. Establishing a supportive framework is key towards building an effecting urban governance structure that will lead to an effective implementation of the SDGs • Link urban policies to finance mechanisms and budgets

Achievements During the first year of SDGs implementation in 2016, the Government through a Cabinet Memorandum directed MDAs to mainstream the SDGs and targets into their policy, planning and budgeting processes and to prepare biennial Status Report(s) on the SDGs. The MTPIII, which was prepared through a consultative process, mainstreamed SDGs within the strategic areas. A mapping of the priorities of the MTP III and the SDGs indicated a symbiotic relationship between the two. For instance, regarding human settlements, MTP III aims to provide adequate and decent housing in a sustainable environment and to further offer the population high quality life by 2030. The aim is to provide affordable housing by facilitating the construction of 500,000 affordable houses in five years across the country. Further, regarding infrastructure development, MTP III goal is to develop efficient and effective infrastructure, which is a key enabler for other sectors. It further aspires to modernize existing infrastructure facilities and innovation to create more wealth and employment. In 2018, alongside the development of the MTP III, the Government prioritized four critical areas known as the Big Four Agenda. The Big 4 Agenda’s focus is on Food and Nutrition Security, Universal Health Coverage, Manufacturing, and Affordable Housing. These pillars are expected to accelerate SDGs 2, 3, 9 and 11. In addition, all public institutions are required to mainstream the SDGs into their plans, programmes and policies. Mainstreaming SDGs at the sub-national level is done through the five (5) year CIDPs, which domesticates the National Government MTPs at the sub-national level. The CIDPs form the basis for planning and budgeting for the period 2018-2022. The creation of County SDGs Coordination Units across all the 47 Counties is instrumental in facilitating the mainstreaming of SDGs in the CIDPs. The private sector companies and civil society organizations continue to integrate SDGs in their core business and mandate. Regarding budgeting, this is done through the Medium-Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF) that integrates all the sectors of the economy. At the sectoral level, sector priorities and strategies that are critical to the attainment of the SDGs targets are submitted for consideration and financing. Priority investments at both the national and county levels are those anchored in the national and sub-national development plans and which have already mainstreamed the SDGs. The National Treasury issues guidelines directing MDAs to prioritise public investments geared towards the realization of the priorities in the planning frameworks including the MTP III and the Big Four agenda. The Amendment of the Public Finance Management Regulations to incorporate Public Investment Management is underway. Challenges i. Inadequate financing ii. Conflict between national development priorities and political interests iii. Uninformed electorate iv. Stakeholders non conceptualization of financial management matters v. Limited participation of stakeholders Lessons learnt 1. Participation of stakeholders is key towards ownership and effective implementation of projects • Develop legal and policy frameworks to enhance the ability of governments to implement urban policies

Achievements 1. Implementation of Urban Areas and Cities (Amendment) Act, 2019 that defines urbanization and categorizes urban institutions into 4 categories (cities, municipalities, towns and market centres) based on population thresholds. 2. Establishment of urban institutions (Urban Boards) for 59 Municipalities in 45 Counties. 3. Formulation of Sessional Paper Number 1 of 2017 on National Land Use Policy that addresses issues of optimal utilization of land and land related resources by providing principles and guidelines. 4. Preparation of the Physical and Land Use Planning Act Number 13 of 2019. It makes provision for the planning, use, regulation and development of land and for connected purposes. It also establishes the physical and land use planning institutions; guides the preparation process of different levels and types of plans; provides guidance on development control and enforcement; and establishes different levels of Physical and Land Use Planning Liaison Committees. Challenges 1. Rigid and outdated laws and regulations. 2. Low Budget allocation Lessons learnt 1. Comprehensive legal and policy frameworks are key towards guiding the urban sector • Build the capacity of local and Subnational governments to implement local and metropolitan multilevel governance

Achievements 1. Capacity building of municipal administration in budgeting and resource mobilization processes towards realization of the mandate of sustainable urbanization, SDG 11, and New Urban Agenda (NUA). 2. Preparation and finalization of County Physical and Land Use Planning Capacity Assessment Reports for Elgeyo Marakwet and Counties. Challenges 1. Inadequate resources 2. Limited stakeholders’ participation Lessons learnt 1. Capacity building enhances an understanding of the SDGs which culminates to an easier implementation • Implement participatory, age- and gender-responsive approaches to urban policy and planning

Achievements 1. Kenya has also produced a gender datasheet to guide policy formulation and planning. 2. Gender Officers have been deployed to all Ministries to provide technical guidance on gender mainstreaming which include planning, policy making and coordination, facilitation, implementation, regulation and monitoring. Challenges 1. Non inclusiveness of all ages and gender in urban planning processes 2. Continued practice of Female Genital Mutilation among some communities have hindered effective urban planning Lessons learnt 1. Enhanced partnership approach is key to the effective implementation of gender programmes • Achieve women’s full participation in all fields and all levels of decision-making

During the 2017 General Election the percentage for women were as follows; 31.3 per cent were Senators, 6.4 per cent were Governors, 14.9 per cent were Deputy Governors, 33.9 per cent were County Executive Committee Members and 33.9 per cent were Members of County Assemblies. In 2018, the proportion of seats held by women at the National Assembly increased to 21.8 per cent from 21.5 per cent in 2017. Currently, women now hold 172 of the 1883 elected seats in Kenya up from 145 after the 2013 election. Challenges 1. Insufficient Gender Based Violence response and prevention mechanism and harmful socio-cultural practices such as FGM, child marriage and widow inheritance. 2. Weak entrepreneurial skills amongst women to start and sustain income generating activities. 3. Insufficient financial resources for gender mainstreaming and women empowerment programmes Lessons learnt Women participation in policy planning and implementation is key to inclusive development • Implement integrated and balanced territorial development polices

Achievements 1. Preparation of the National Spatial Plan (2015-2045) that provides a framework for which lower plans can be anchored thereby balancing national infrastructure development. 2. Preparation of Physical and Land Use Development Plans by the State Department for Physical Planning partnership with County Governments for various towns in the country. 3. UN-Habitat prepared the Kisumu Lakefront Development Plan and spearheaded the formation of Lakefront Development Corporation, a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) that would promote private sector investment and development of the lakefront. Upon assuming Office in 2018, the Governor took up the recommendation of UN-Habitat and established the SPV known Kisumu Lakefront Development Corporation. Challenge 1. Lack of funds to disseminate the policy • Integrate housing into urban development plans

Achievements 1. The Naivasha and Dongu Kundu SEZs have been gazetted as Spatial Planning areas that will support the implementation of integrated, and urban balanced territorial development policies; integration of housing into urban development plans and strengthen the role of small and intermediate cities and towns. 2. Development of a compact Affordable Housing Development Project that is 5kms from Nairobi Central Business District comprising of 1370 Housing Unit, Shopping area, Social hall, School and parking Silo at Park road, Ngara in Nairobi City County. 3. Completion of the Eastland’s Urban Renewal and Regeneration Plan. Challenges 1. Delayed disbursement of funds to undertake the planning process. 2. Insufficient funds to complete the projects on time • Include culture as a priority component of urban planning

The Kenya urban centres are faced with population explosion due to rapid urban growth and rapid rural-urban migration. This has necessitated the change in land use and urban planning. Most of our urban areas have adopted urban regeneration that entails densification to accommodate the increase of population. Today, Kenya is a dynamic nation that links its prehistoric past to new cultural expressions in a land of breathtaking beauty. Its diverse landscapes stretch from snow-capped mountains to the Great Rift Valley, desert to lakes, vast savannahs, lush forests, and a sparkling coast reflecting the rich diversity of the Kenyan people and their traditions. Achievement Preparation and approval of physical planning regulations applying to cultural facilities including national heritage sites of cultural and historical significance under the Physical and Land Use Planning (Classification of Strategic National or Inter-County Projects) Regulations, 2019. Challenge Insufficient funds to maintain the cultural sites Lessons learnt Archiving and protection of existing cultural infrastructure and literature is important for reference and use by future generations. • Improve capacity for urban planning and design, and training for urban planners at all levels of government

Achievements 1. The National government supporting preparation of smart climate resilience urban spatial plans at Municipal and county levels. • Strengthen the role of small and intermediate cities and towns

Achievements Preparation of the National Spatial Plan as a long-term framework to achieving sustainable urbanization and balanced territorial development. This is through proposal on policies for urban hierarchy with corresponding infrastructure facilities and services within the country. Challenges 1. Poor implementation of planning proposals in the different categories of urban centres. 2. Lack of coordination among the different institutions implementing development projects. Lessons learnt There is need to ensure effective communication over the role of each implementing agency. • Implement sustainable multimodal public transport systems including non-motorized options

Achievements 1. The National government supporting preparation of smart climate resilience urban spatial plans at Municipal and county levels. 2.3. Means of Implementation

• Develop financing frameworks for implementing the NUA at all levels of government

Achievements 1. Annual preparations of work plans and budgets that are aligned vision 2030, Medium Term Plans, Agenda 2030 and the New Urban Agenda Challenges 1. Delayed disbursement of funds to undertake the planning and implementation 2. Insufficient funds to complete the projects on time. Lesson learnt There is need to link up project planning and development with budgeting process • Mobilize and establish financial intermediaries (multilateral institutions, regional development banks, Subnational and local development funds; pooled financing mechanisms etc.) for urban financing

Kenya Government partnered with multilateral institutions that include the IDA (World Bank) and AFD Sida that provided funding for the Kenya Informal Settlements improvement programme (KISIP). The Government provided counterpart financing for the the programme whose objective was to improve the living conditions of people living and working in informal settlements. This was done through infrastructure and tenure regularization. The programme term was from the year 2011 -2020 and was undertaken in 15 selected urban centres in 14 counties of Kenya. A Situation Analysis Study was undertaken in 15 municipalities to identify physical characteristics of informal settlements and their conditions to assist in the selection and phasing of informal settlements improvement; A qualitative Housing Survey was also undertaken in informal settlements in four major towns of Kenya to determine the housing status, A study to identify typologies for densification was done and preparation of a manual for physical planning, including development of regulations with respect to land subdivision and transfer was also done.; LPDPs and survey plans prepared for 80 settlements and 67 LPDPs approved, 67 Surveys were authenticated and 50 Registry Index Maps (RIMs) amended. Resettlement Action Plans (RAPs) for 68 settlements were prepared, where 49 RAPs have been approved, and 44 of them implemented. Achievements Project beneficiaries: The programme has been instrumental in facilitating installation of social and physical infrastructure and tenure regularization to 1,380,000 citizens in informal settlements. Project Impact Open accessibility to the slums has been realized; Increased security and reduce criminal activities due to provision of lighting; Improved health conditions through provision of clean water and sanitation; Increased business activities facilitated by working in late hours; Improved education by children due to provision of lighting that enhanced their studies; Increased accessibility to fire engines in case of fire outbreak; Reduction in flooding because of improved drainage; and Improved housing conditions. Infrastructure provision 98.289 kms of settlement access roads upgraded to bitumen standards, Construction of 120.078km of footpaths,134 number 30-meter-high mast lighting,21 number ablution blocks,112.494 km of water pipeline, 11 water kiosks and 2 elevated steel water tanks totaling to 8,739 number of water connections; 63.048 km of sewer pipeline constructed resulting in 4,788 number of sewer connections and 109.219 km of drainage canals. • Implement capacity development as an effective, multifaceted approach to formulate, implement, manage, monitor and evaluate urban development policies

Achievements 1. Engagement of County Governments in the preparation of policies and laws such as preparation of Physical and Land Use Planning Act, NSP and Physical and Land Use-Planning Regulations. 2. Development of physical planning manuals and guidelines for counties with the State Department of Physical Planning. These were reviewed and shared with county governments through the Council of Governors. Challenges 1. Insufficient funds to complete the projects on time. 2. Lack of trust and Competing interests from different stakeholders. • Build capacity at all levels of government to use data for evidence-based policy formulation including collecting and using data for minority groups

Achievement 1. Sensitization and training of staff on Geo Enabled Monitoring and Supervisions (GEMS) tool for data collection roll out done in Kiambu, Kisumu, Wajir, Bungoma, Machakos and Kilifi Counties under Kenya Urban Support Programme. • Build the capacity of all levels of government to work with vulnerable groups to participate effectively in decision-making about urban and territorial development

Achievement 1. Adoption of Adaptive Settlement Planning Model (ASPM), that is a social planning approach by in the diversification of their academic curriculum for Graduate Planners. This has been replicated in the planning of Githogoro informal settlement, Westlands Constituency, Nairobi City County. • Engage local government associations as promoters and providers of capacity development

The State Department of Phyical Planning has been implementing capacity development as an effective, multifaceted approach to formulate, implement, manage, monitor and evaluate urban development policies. The Department has also engaged county governments as promoters and providers of capacity development as well as in the preparation of policies and laws. County Governments were engaged in the preparation of Physical and Land Use Planning Act, National Spatial Plan and Physical and Land Use-Planning Regulations. The State Department also developed physical planning manuals and guidelines for counties. These were reviewed and shared with county governments Challenges Mistrust between National and County Government. Lessons learnt There is need to build partnership among the different actors in capacity development. • Develop user-friendly, participatory data and digital platforms through e-governance and citizen-centric digital governance tools

Achievements 1. The Kenya Transparency Communication Infrastructure Project (KTCIP) has facilitated the development and expansion of various government systems to county governments including the IFMIS, IPPD, TIMS, e-Citizen, e-Promis, GUMS, ITax, GHRIS, M-Post, Government (Postal) electronic payment gateway and many others. The e-government systems have enhanced government accountability and reduced cost and time for doing business. 2. Kenya has been recognized as a leader in Africa for sustainable development applications in finance (M-Pesa), farming (iCow), health insurance (M-TIBA) and education (Eneza). 3. Completed the implementation of 2,500KM NOFBI phase II expansion by 30th December 2019 connecting 270 sub-counties, hospitals and police stations. 4. The NMS and Kenya Revenue Authority (KRA) have been implementing the E- Payment solution to provide convenient electronic payment options to citizens, replacement of the aging and limited ICT infrastructure with new, modern IT network and data center infrastructure, an updated and rebranded web site through which citizens can apply for services online and make payments anywhere and anytime was put in place, an Integrated City Revenue Management System (ICRMS) which is the core application to automate the County’s business processes and Disaster recovery planning which is a documented process or set of procedures to recover and protect a county’s business IT infrastructure in the event of a disaster. 5. To improve the quality and access to healthcare, M-TIBA which is a service on mobile phone allows one to save, send and spend funds for medical treatment covering the especially the low-income earners. 6. Reviewed and finalized National ICT policy of 2019, digital economy strategy, cyber security and computer misuse Act. 7. Expanded the installation of Voice and Video Conference in the 47 county offices and other Government buildings under CCP project to cover sub-counties. • Expand deployment of frontier technologies and innovations to enhance shared prosperity of cities and regions

Achievements 1. Kenya has experienced sustainable ICT growth fuelled by widespread internet penetration, which has helped drive the country’s sustainable development. With mobile penetration standing at 87%, this translates to close to 38 million Kenyans owning a phone. 2. Implementation of a five (5) year ICT Transformation Road Map by Nairobi City County Government in partnership with Kenya ICT Authority and World Bank. The programme was intended to increase efficiency, improve service delivery and revenue collection through the implementation and deployment of technology solutions. It is also intended to provide a platform for deployment of shared services for County Governments. 3. Procured, installed and commissioned 1.2 Million digital learning devices to 21,637 public primary schools under digital literacy programme phase I. 4. Completed rehabilitation of the 368KM of fibre optic cable from Eldoret to Lodwar under EARTTDFP; under ICT Shared Services the State Department acquired and distributed productivity working tools to MDAs and upgraded LANs in six strategic Government buildings within the CBD. Challenges 1. Kenya is yet to achieve optimal infrastructure coverage due to inadequate government funding and low investment by the private sector especially in low-income areas. This has left a significant part of the population uncovered by signal broadcasting and telecommunications services. 2. Lack of human resource and skills capacity 3. Lack of equipment Lessons Learnt 1. To improve access to quality education, Digital literacy programme is key to make teaching and learning processes more effective for teachers and pupils in primary schools by providing an alternative platform for accessing curriculum support materials. • Implement digital tools, including geospatial information systems to improve urban and territorial planning, land administration and and access to urban services

Achievements 1. Completion of the installation of phase 1 of the National Land Information Management System (NLIMS). The system aims to enhance security of land records, improve accessibility and cut down cost of land transactions. Phase 1 covers the entire Nairobi City County. Over 25 Physical and Land Use Development Plan using the GIS application were prepared. Challenges 1. Shortage of financial and human resources 2. Lack of updated spatial data. • Build capacities at all levels of government to effectively monitor the implementation of urban development policies

Achievements The process of strengthening urban institutions with the support of development partners has achieved key milestones amongst which was the establishment of 59 municipalities and supporting them to deliver basic urban services under the Kenya Urban Support Programme (KUSP 1). Part 3: Follow-up and Review 3. Follow-up and Review

The mechanisms and methodology that have been developed by the Ministry for Transport, Infrastructure, Housing and Urban Development and Public Works under the State Department for Housing and Urban Development to monitor and report on the implementation of the New Urban Agenda include: - 1. Development of an implementation strategy of the NUA as a mechanism to monitor and report on its implementation. 2. Engagement of the National Habitat Committee members on implementation of NUA by their organizations. Challenges 1. Limited statistical capacity within the National Statistical System. 2. Getting feedback from stakeholders regarding monitoring and reporting on implementation of NUA. 3. Limited surveys because of high cost of carrying them out. 4. Disaggregating data at lower levels as it requires a bigger sample which has cost implication. 5. The impact of COVID-19 Pandemic has affected the face-to-face method of data collection. Additional Information

1. Website: http://www.housingandurban.com 2. Social Media