CONTENTS, PAGE PAGE Notes OF THE WEEK ...... 73 PRESENTDAY CRITICISM ...... 88 . CURRENTCANT ...... **. 77 READERSAND WRITERS.By R. H. C...... 89 FOREIGNAFFAIRS. By S. Verdad ...... 77 Views AND REVIEWS. By A. E. R...... 91 MILITARYNOTES. ByRomney ...... 78 ETHICS. By WilliamMarwick ...... 92 “ THENEW AGE ” AND THE LABOURPARTY ...... e.. 79 REVIEws ...... * 93 INSANEPORTUGAL-I. By V. de Braganca Cunha ...... 80 ART. By Anthony M. Ludovici ...... **I 95 ENGLAND’SDAY OF RECKONING-I. By A. G. Crafter ... 81 DRAMA.By JohnFrancis Hope ...... 96 AMERICA: CHANCES AND REMEDIES-IV. By EzraPound ... 83 MUSICAND MUSICIANS. By John Playford ...... 97 MARRIAGEREFORM. Bv Duxmia ...... PASTICHE.By Charles White,Minna Withers, I. A. R., P. IN KASHMIR-I~I. By c. E. Bechhofer ...... ::: % Selver, T. Mark, H. E. Foster-Toogood ...... 98 LETTERSFROM ITALY-XV. By Richard Aldington ...... 87 LETTERSTO THE EDITORFROM Joseph Finn, R. H. C., Augus- THOUSHALT NOT KILL(From the Mahabharata). By Beatrice tus Simcoe, P. Fanning, Dr. M. R. Leverson, F. C. G., Hastings ...... 88 F. M. Sydney Robert West, John B. Ruff...... IOO

Subscriptions to the NEW AGE are at the following THENEW AGE, onthe other hand, has most material rates :- for comment when the general Press has least. We by Great Britain. Abroad N. d F. a. no means find it necessary when Parliament is not sit- One Year ...... 15 0 17 4 tingto scrub the anchor for want of something to do. If ourreaders can endure with as muchpatience Sin- Months .. f 7688 Three MonthsThree ... 39 44 to read as we have industry to write a weekly comment on matters mainly economic, theprevailing political AlEl communications relative to THE NEWAGE s~~o~ld dullness can, we believe, be turned to the profit of our be addressed to THE NEW AGE, 38, Cwsito~Street, common understanding. E.C. *** The celebration by means of a deputation to America NOTES oi England’speace with that country during a whole OF THE WEEK. century has resulted so far in the issue of a Peace Mani- WHILEpolitics areinteresting, it is possible to deny, festoto all thePowers of the world. In itthe signa-

withsome plausibility, thatthe influence of wage- tories urge, among other considerations, this : “ That earners on politics is nil ; but it is not so easy to deny it the time has come when international rivalries and dif- now that Parliament is as good as deadand insome ferences,though numerous and severe, may be settled weeks will be adjourned for perhaps five months. Dur- witboutwar.” But there are no grounds given, that ing this period and that what can be the political action we cansee, for this Angelic notion; for it is obvious of theworking classes? If theycan fancy themselves that wars will not cease until the cause of wars has been during the session influencing the politicians, they cannot sought out and eradicated; and nowhere, either in this at any ratepersuade themselves that with the per- or inany other pacifistdocument, have we seen any manent officials, who administer without reigning, their hint that the cause of wars is capitalism. On the con- opinionscarry any weight. Thus for four or five trary, from all we haveread of pacifist literature,the months of the year political action, even if it were the amiable apostles of peace appear to be unaware of what sole means, instead of a verysubordinate means, of is thereal obstacle in their path. They profess to economic emancipation, would beimpossible owing to imagine that wars will cease on account of their cost, the closeseason. Yet during not only the rest of the on account of their inhumanity, on account 8of the suf- year but with no abatement whatever for Parliamentary fering they entail, on account of thegrowth of inter- holidays,national calamities or European wars, the nationalfriendship and sentiment. But none of these forces of economics go grinding on, heaping up Rent, things weighs in the balances of nations, any more than in those of individuals, against the assumed and usually Interestand Profit for the possessing classes and re- admitted necessity of theprofiteers of the world to ducing to bare and barer subsistence the wage-earning exploitfor their personal advantage t’he marketsand classes. It surely therefore stands to reason that how- theinhabitants of the world. HOW, indeed,should ever desirable political action may be during two-thirds they?The profiteers of anygiven nation are ina pf theyear, economic action is necessary all the year sense independent of the nation to which they nominally round. The capitalist Press is in some degree to blame belong. The nationmay lose money in war, may lose ‘for the theory thatnothing happens when Parliament men,may be sickened with scenes or descriptions of horror, may even dl0 violence to its sentimental friend- is notsitting. Instead of examining economicpheno- ships with this or the other nation; but, provided that mena-which, of course,it would be unwisein them its profiteers, individually or associatedin powerful to attempt, since sleeping dogs are best allowed to lie groups, seetheir profitin war,war there will beat -the Pressis now filling itsleader columns with whatever cost-to the nations as nations involved. ‘literaryand other piffle. Piffle we callit because tired * * x- political hackscan scarcely be “turned on” (as they Much loess, however, than this positive theory of the say to the fine arts without making fools of themselves. cause of war is needed todemonstrate the fallacy of 74 theremedies suggested by the Pacifists. A reductio ad cades, perhaps, the struggle will be confined to the busi- absurdumis in most cases enough to dispose of their nesscolumns ofnewspapers, tothe Stock Exchanges proffered grounds. Theargument from the cost of and to the shipping and manufacturing sections of the war, forexample, is disposed of when thedefenders respectivenations ; but let either of these in either of warcan plead the economy, in thelong run, oi country become aware that a market for their profit is prestigeand advertisement. A businessto-day finds its being closed to them even by reason of theirown in- profit in devotingsometimes as much as one half its feriority as tradesmen, a resort to force will inevitably income to the apparently wasteful work of advertising .be suggested as a means of capture where open c1o.m- itself amongst itscompetitors. Isthe result on the petition has failed. On the face of it-to the economist world’s production, or evenon thenation’s total pro- -America is :already stripping herself forthe en- duction?good orbad? Undoubtedlyit is bad. But on counter;and, by thesame tokens, many of our own the business of the successful firm and relatively to tlhe businessmen are preparing to retreat. What is Tariff failures caused by it,the result of thismadness is Reform in America but the establishment of Free Trade good. Similarly the profiteers of a nation, desirous of tlo the end that Labour may be cheap-as cheap as it is expandingtheir joint but still privatebusiness, may here-to thefreeing of herprofiteers fior fiercer COM- conclude that a successful war would be to their profit. petition? But in England Tariff Reform is the disestab- “Empire”has largelybeen sought with thisand no lishment of Free Trade, and not (as the liars say) to the other end in view. And theresults, so far .asthey are end that wages may be raised but that profits may be judged in terms of capitalisteconomics, answerto maintained without the trouble of competing for them. these expectations;for every country thathas waged In short, America is preparing to face the world’s com- successful war now contains a few persons of colossal petition atthe moment when Englandis preparing wealth, though ineach, of course, the many are poor. -with nonoble revolution in view-to shirk competi- Theargument from the inhumanity of war we can tion. This, it must be admitted, is a bad omen for the scarcely treat withany seriousness, fmomrpeace, ,as has conclusion of the coming struggle. But are we then in often been remarked, is evenm\ore inhumane in its favour of FreeTrade withfree competition all the accompaniments than war. M,or,epersons, flor instance, have died in the gold mines of South Africa of phthisis world over?Free Trade or Protection-whatdoes it and other industrial diseases than w-ere killed by bullets matter. Provided there is competition, let the dogs fight duringthe whole war.The injuries sustainedyearly onequal terms-it isa dog that will win anda dog on our railways and in our mines make an average com- that will lose. Humanity has nothing to gain from it. pared with which war is oftena safe occupation. If We repeat that the cause of war is capitalism or pro- people are not moved tlo revolutionise at leisure a peace fiteering ; that America is entering on a new phase of so inhumane,the inhumanity of war,with ,its gilded profiteering, a more intense and a more efficient phrase; associationsand itstragic excitementsand pleasures, andthat, sooner orlater, the intensifiedcompetition will assuredlynot move t,hem to abolish war. Not betweenthe two countries-providedwe neither unite even, we believe, if SirRichard Burton’s wish could the profiteers on both sides nor lock them up as criminal lunatics and create National Guilds in their place-will come true, would war be abolished. “ He who, renders war,”said Burton, “fatal to’ all engaged in it, will be result in war. *** thegreatest benefactor the world hasyet known.” It isno quibble, hlowever, to reply that life itself is fatal We have not Tariff Reform in this country, but our to all who engage in it; yet reproduction does not cease Railway Companies have what is equal to it, a statutory on that account. As little would warcease even right to raise rates SO as to maintain profits when wages though every army tlhat engaged in it were doomed to are forcedupward by trade unionism.Following upon immediateinstead of remotedestruction. Man, as thestrike of twenty-onemonths ago, uponwhich Aristotlesaid, is a madanimal. But theleast occasionMr. Lloyd George baselysold public rights plausible lof the means of preventing war is surely in- to the railway ,companies-for nothing, the latter have ternationalfriendship. How seldom ‘even in private now given notice that their rates f’or certain traffic will matterswhere the parties .are friends by blood or be permanentlyraised at the end *of June by four per intimateassociation is businessrivalry more than, at cent.The London Chamber of .Commerce haspassed most,mitigated in itsgrosser rigours. Not for many a resolution against the action of the companies ; and Bong ages, we fear, will international friendships, based up and down the country other protests are doubtless on sentimentalone, counteract the worst elements in being made. But they will, as a rule, not be reported, competing nations; for it must be remembered that it is without exception they will be ignored, and, in the end,. the worst and not the best elements in the nation, as in this treatment will serve then right. For no blow has theman, that usually havetheir way. CanEngland been so long impending or has given such ample warn- rely upon America or America upon England for ing of its coming as this decision ‘of the companies to. anothercentury of peace? We should not, if we were maketwopence profit out ofevery penny of their in- either party, dependupon it.Ninety-nine in every creasedexpenditure upon wages.Moreover, as that hundred of each nation do undoubtedly desire peace (or, Jekyll and Hyde organ, the “Times,” has pointed out, rather, do notactively desire war),but the hundredth themotives of thisaction are more in number and man in eachis a profiteer;and the profiteer has deeper in meaning than immediate recoupment oflosses. already shown what he cando by convertingthe Recoupment,indeed, both for thelosses by the strike mediaeval world intothe modern ,capitalist world. The and for the increased wage-rates has already been made guarantees of peace are two ; and they are alternatives : by thecompanies, on the evidence of the “Times” it- to unitethe profiteers of theworld, as Mr. Finnhas self, before the new rates come into force. Why, then, suggested, in an internationalpartnership for ‘the arerates to be raisedin addition? Inthe first place,. absolute dominion to their hearts’ content over the rest because if national purchase of the railways is imminent of us; or to stamp profiteering out as if it were what it andthe price isto be calculated on recentprofits, is, thegreatest curse and disease of thehuman race. profits at any present loss to the public, must be pushed Until our Pacifists havepursued their analysis to this up ashigh as possible. Saysthe “Daily News” : alternative they aremooning. withLucian in Cloud- “Railway profits arebeing steadily augmented with cuckoo-l.and. *** the full knowledge that every penny will be capitalised whenit comes to purchase.’’ In the secondplace, the Moreover, as those know best whose mastery of em- increasedcost tothe community, while nominally nomics is most complete, the new American tariff is as fallingupon all traders alike, will actuallyfall in the. good as a declaration of war upon Englandalready. endupon the small tradersand the poor of the com- We say England and we say war, because in the end munity exclusively. For bya thousand devices known boththese will be involved in the economic struggle to largetraders and the luxurious classes the new n,ow about to become fierce between the profiteers of the burden will be shifted on to the backsof those least able twocountries for the world’s markets. For some de- tobear it. Withwhat result, we may ask?Not only, 75 with the result that the poor are again made relatively months, it is true, people were disposed to look for their poorer,but with the calculated result that they will ninepences in return for their fourpences ; but they have be led to attribute their misfortune to the rise in wages nowbegun to realise that,except to a very few of of therailwaymen ! The “Times” in its role of Hyde them,the ninepences are nevercoming. Again, the avowed thispurpose in itsleader on the subject last tragic division of the doctors, coupled with the fact that week. ‘The public, itsuggested, was too ready to en- thecads of theprofession have throughout set the dorsestrikes for higher wages ; but if theycould be standard of medical attendance,has resulted in a convinced that “higher wages mean raised prices” they medical treatment ‘of theinsured at which pigs would would not be so ready totolerate trade unionaction. turn up their noses and horses their heels. In thousands Thus we see that over the whole field of industry, the of instances,the insured, when they are such, either dice arebeing steadily and deliberately loaded against bribe their panel doctor to treat them as private patients the wage-earners in theirnext throw. Already the big or fall back upon patent ‘medicines-these latter, by the capitalistswere settled in their policy of opposing way? are sellingas well as ever, to the standing disgrace higher wages on every occasion; but it was necessary of the Medical profession.Still again, the country has to enlist the small traders and the general public on the only just begun to realise the cost in administration of same side. Thishas beenaccomplished now, and by the new Act ; a cost that, as sure as fate,will necessitate the time of the next railway strike, the capitalist opposi- before very long either increased levies or still further ti’on will includepractically every man in business as reducedbenefits. In the “Westminster Review” for well as the mass of the public. The irony of the situa- May, Mr. T. Good, one of the experts on Insurancewho tionis completed by the fact that the railwaymen are opposedthe Bill andwhose prophecies are beingful- ignorant of what rads are pickling for their backs. They filled, has made a calculation of the administrative cost are still continuing at theirconferences to demand of the Act compared with its total income. The annual higher and higher wages in sweet oblivion of the events income of the wholescheme, he says, is some twenty- we have related which will ensure them when they next four million pounds ; of which already some ten millions strikethe hatred .of the small as well asthe large go in administration. And administration will not be- tradersand also the opposition of theirown class in come less but more costly as time and bureaucracy go other industries. on. The cost in administration next year with be nearer #i+ fifteenthan ten millions, and in the followingyear nearertwenty than fifteen. In short,the sum devoted Even this, however, is n’ot all that is in motion while to benefits will dwindle as the sum devoted to adminis- Parliament is asleep. It is indeed the very least of the tration will increase--to theglory of the official vul- instinctive precautions that Capitalism is taking for its tures, but to the damnation of the Act and the robbing future defence. Forthe present period of so-called of the poor. prosperity will assuredlynot last for ever,and in no ** * loLn,gtime the tide will turn and we shall be in the thick once more of Labour unrest. The prosperity which the We have never asked our readers to accept our word workingclasses are said to be now enjoying is not that the Insurance Act was a mistake; we should never merely temporary,but it is illusory. To prosperis to dream of expecting anybody to accept dogma or even save ; but how few of the wage-earners are saving even reasonwhen experience is available in no long time. thoughtheir work is now at full-time on full wages. But we ask them now to compare our forecasts with Forthe most part, they are engaged out of their in- thefacts now being dailyrecorded. The medical pro- creased earnings in paying loff the debts incurred during fession, nobody will deny, is in the position we long ago thelean years, inreplenishing their wardrobes and in foresaw for it--despised by the general public, detested indulging a few normally unsatisfied desires-with this by thepanel public, and hated by its own better self. effect on theirgeneral position that at the very com- And we .are afraid that ‘even yet it has not fallen to the mencement of the coming slumpthey will find thern- inevitabledepth. The Friendly Societies, whom we selves with no reserves on which to fall back. It would implored to beware of Mr. Lloyd George,are now be contrary, in fact, to the nature of capitalism if the regretting that they allowed their leaders to be bought workingclasses could saveunder any circumstances. and themselves to be sold. At conferences last week of The tendency of wages is to fall to the subsistence level the Oddfellows and the Hearts of Oak, all the speakers, andto leave nlo margin for savings. Capitalism would with the exception of a member of the Government and be fatally injured ,if the wages paid sufficed to enable its therefore a paidapologist, spoke bitterly of the Act, victims to save; indeed, to the extent to which the pro- and all its results. The President of the Hearts of Oak letariat could save, they would cease to be proletariat inhis openingaddress, sadly admitted that the Act and become partners, sharing in the profits as well as “had retarded rather than helped the great principle of in the costs of industry. This would never do ; and thus mutualco-operation.” “Their interests,” hesaid, we maytake it asan axiom thatthe proletariat can “ had, to a great extent, been sacrificed and betrayed in neversave under capitalism,unless it be out of their theinterests of capitalistorganisations.” Of course subsistencefund. But it also follows that“unrest” they havebeen, but who, depending even on reason is as inevitable as the next slump ; and in preparation alone, could fail to have foreseen it? From the moment for this coming unrest new devices for meeting it are that Mr. Lloyd Georgeaccepted the dictation of the under the consideration of the employing classes. Prudential and appointed as one of his Commissioners ** * themanaging director of t.he PearlCompany, the in- terests of the mere friendly societies were doomed, and One defence has undoubtedly turned out contrary to Mr.Lloyd George knew it as well as we did. In mere theircalculations. Itis the Insurance Act. It will be additional cost )of administration the Manchester Unity remembered that this Act was specifically recommended of the Hearts of Oak has spent in thelast year well by Mr. Lloyd George as a means not only of increasing nigh a hundred thousand pounds. Three hundred extra the efficiency of workmenwithout any cost totheir clerkshad to be taken on. . . . over ~20,000went in employers (for the employers’levies, he said, might postage, etc.At the Oddfellows’conference, attended fairly be added to prices}, butas a sedative of the by Mr. Macnamara (though whywe cannot guess, for “unrest” of workmenduring sickness and unemploy- had we been delegates we should haw had him turned ment, In short, the Act was to allay unrest and to in- out as a spy), the same hostile criticisms were passed crease profits at the same time. Events, however, have upon the Act, and not in the dark of reason, but in the now begun to prove that though for the moment profits light ofnine months of its working. Why,asked one may be on the increase, the Insurance Act will not do delegat-e of Dr. Macnamara, why didn’tyou leave US what it set out to do either towards efficiency and eco- alone? Because, came tlhe reply, “the spirit of brother- nomy Or towardsindustrial peace. The Act,t’o begin hood. . . . .” Thecant of Mr. Lloyd Georgeseems with,grows more unpopular, as wesaid it would, tohave spread to hissubordinates. Whatthe trade withevery month of itsoperation. For the first few union leaders think of the Insurance ‘Act now that they 76 are “enjoying it,” we confess we can only guess. These the deposit of a sum of money which shall be forfeited officials are suchpoliticians that th,e lastthing to be inthe event of eitherparty breaking its agreement. expected of them, is the truth. Again we see no room to doubt that the intention here .* x- .n is plain. In everyinstance the interpretation of a breach of agreement will and must be left to a nominee But the country at large, and above all, the electorate, of the employing classes ; who, since he is man and not how are they taking the Act? In spite of the fact that the Unionists areas a partyalmost as deeply com- god, will naturally as a rule see breaches in the men’s case long before hewill discover them in the case of the mitted to the Act as the Liberals, t2he Newmarket by- election showsthat the detestation of the Actis stili masters. Besides, the sum deposited will be a consider- greaterthan contempt forits politicalhalf-brothers. able amount even for the largest unions ; but it will. be So intense, in fact, is the hatred of the Act after almost a trifle in the amounts possessed by the federated em- ployers. To ensure for a bad clause the most elemen- a year of its working, that the wretched electorate, having no othermeans of expressingitself, jumps from the taryjustice the deposit on eachside should bear an equalproportion to the capitalised values of the con- Liberal fire deliberately into the Unionist frying-pan. No other cause than the Insurance Act can possibly explain tractingparties. But the third proposal of SirGeorge Askwithis inevery respect the most dangerous to the tremendous turn-over of votes at Newmarket. The Liberal candidate was a pet of Mr. Lloyd George’s very unionism of all. It is (c) to regard “ sympathetic ” own; he was supposed to be the accredited exponent of strikes as constituting breaches of agreement. If there is any doubt about the intention here, two considerations the always coming Land programme ; his promises to should remove it. Firstly, the whole future strength of agricultural labourers and small farmers, of whom the trade unionism depends on its ability to carry into prac- constituency is largely composed, were as extravagant tice its motto of “Each for All and All for Each” ; and, as Mr. LloydGeorge could possibly wish. Yet a Liberal majority fourhundred has been converted secondly, by the device of dissynchronising agreements, of the present clausecould easily make impossible anything into a Unionist majority overeight hundred. And of morethan a sectionalstrike in everyinstance. But if the sole cause, as we say, is the Insurance Act. Writ- anything has been learned by trade unionism during the ing dubiously on the eve of the poll the “Times” corre- last ten years it is this : that sectional strikes are either spondent,who, like the rest of hisparty, allowshis suicidalmurderous.or SirGeorge Askwith, we judgment to .be clouded by the official optimism of the imagine, has for once overshot his caution. InsuranceCommissioners, said : “ If [our italics], if *** thereis any change at all in favour of theUnionists While the employers are thus engaged and political it is probably due to theInsurance Act.” 14n even Labour is gazing on their operations withopen-mouthed more convincing admission of the effect of the Act, how- amazement mingled, it is to be feared, with admiration, ever,was made by thedefeated candidate himself at the economic forces proper of the Labour movement are the declaration of the poll : his defeat, he said, was due not entirely inactive. We have referred more than once to misrepresentation of theInsurance Act. What? to the desirability of the federation of the Co-operative Misrepresentationsafter therare and refreshing fruit movement with the trade union movement ; and to our has been gathered during the last nine or ten months? great satisfaction this union is now in train under con- Hodge is not such a fool as to mistake ninepence in his ditions even better than we dared to hope for. The fear pocket for fourpence, if the ninepence were really there. in our mind waslest the co-operative movement that All he knows is that the fourpence is out of his hand has hitherto kept outside of politics should be captured, and, the ninepence is still in the bush. We again give as thetrade unions were captured, by theambitious theUnionists warning that the Act is becoming more Parliamentary candidates and members of the Labour unpopular as its operation is becoming known. If they Party. At the Co-operative Conference at Aberdeen last havepolitical intelligence amongthem, they cannot, week, however, by a majority of two to one theco-opera- save wilfully, fail this time to see their politicalprofit tors resolved that whilethey were willing to federate in the fact. withthe Trade Union Congress,they would have ++e nothingto do with the Parliamentary Labour Party. TheInsurance Act, however, was never more than Politics, said the President, were a cause of division in one string of thecapitalist bow. Thereare many theworking-class movement ; but economics unites others, of which Arbitrationappears to be the most them. This is true, and we are glad to see it recognised difficult toget into working order. The Industrial atlast. Why, however, we continuetowonder, Council, whose other name is Sir George Askwith, has hasthe British Socialist Party, with Mr. Hyndman latelybeen perplexing itself withthe problem how to atits head, failed to seethe truth when mere instituteCompulsory Arbitration without exposing the co-operatorshave grasped it? At theconference of scheme under that name. The first step was easy : to the B.S.P., held last week at Blackpool, thoughthere procurethe unanimous support of the Council to a weremany ,differences about trifles, thereappears to hearty verbal condemnation of Compulsory Arbitration ; have been no difference about essentials,especially when but the subsequent setting of it up again was met with thesewere fallacies. Butthe worst fallacy on which difficulties. SirGeorge Askwith’s own suggestions they beautifully agreed was that the proletariat, while would solve the difficulty withlittle or notrouble if their remain theproletariat, can exercise politicalin- only they could be unanimously affirmed to be what they fluence. Theycannot, and all the political organisa- are not. Hissuggestions, bearing on this point, are tions in the world will not make a unit of a collection of three : (a)to compelevery union togive notice of a ciphers. TheB.S.P., if thisis its attitude, has really forthcoming strike and to delay or suspend it until an no reason that we cansee for existing. As the rebel official Inquiry has been held. We dlonot suppose any- section of theLabour Party, its fate, as well as its body is simple enough to; fail to detect the intention in value,depended on its possessing ideas morenearly this clause; it is not, we may say, to ensure the success true in substanceand more certain, therefore, of of a strike or even to encourage the striking habit. In ultimate recognition, than the ideas of the party it left. Sydney,New SouthWales, onlyrecently an official But, in fact, the B.S.P. h,as no such n,ew and superior lnquiry wds administered as remedya against a ideas. Itsleaders are as much intenton getting into threatenedstrike, with this result, that the Inquiry Parliament as the budding hopefuls of the I.L.P.; and opened last Septemberand has not concluded its re- have the same prospect,when, if ever, they arrive there, port tothis day. The dispute in question wassmall, of havingnothing to say either toParliament or the butthe delay has been so greatthat a week or countrysave th,e old clap-trapabout raising wages. two ‘ago the men (ferrymen) struck *in defiance of law ; We shouldlike to se,e the B.S.P. dissolved andits and the Government has now been compelled to run a membersscattered over the industrial world like service of its own. So much for Official Inquiries and shepherds without sheep. their purpose. Sir George Askwith’s second proposal is [The present issue of THENEW AGE contains thirty- (b) to procure from contracting unions and federations two pages.] 77

Current Cant. Foreign Affairs.

“ Mr. and Mrs. Sidney Webb are iconoclasts.”--“Daily By S. Verdad. Chronicle. ” AT the time of the Turco-Italian war I indicated that the status of Egypt would shortly have to be taken intocon- ‘‘ I am very like Caesar.”-GEORGE BERNARD~HAW. .. sideration. Negotiations were opened, in fact, but they “ The Militant Suffragettes are heroines.”-- wereinterrupted by theoutbreak of theBalkan war. ZANGWILL And about the same time negotiations were also begun with Germany in connection with” the Bagdad Railway. “ Oughtthe man mho cannot sing at all tosing in Lord Haldane’s visit to Berlin will be remembered ; but church ? ”-“ Fall Mall Gazette.” itwas fruitless. Viscount Morley has now taken the matter in hand,and it is generally believed thatthe ‘fThose who areabnormal should be certified asin- events of the last twelve months will help him to bring sane.”-CEcil COWPER, in “ The Academy.” his task to a successfulconclusion. No notice need be taken of the Press reports which state that his visit to ‘‘ It is not generally known, I believe, that the King Berlin is purely private ; for Lord Morley does not care has a special hairdresser to cuthis hair.”-“ London much for travelling, and still less for travelling to Ger- Mail.” many. Inany case, the purpose of the visitis being freely discussed in Berlin diplomatic circles without the “ There is no room for loafers nowadays;every ma~~ slightest indication thatconcealment or discretion is has to work.”--Mr. MACKIE,at the Licensed Victuallers’ desirable. Schools. * * x. (‘Were it possible to convey tu the public through the medium of thePress, all the blessings thatthe benefit AS the full detailsof this proceeding have not yet been of insurance gives. . . .f 1-< ‘ The Policy.’’ made public, I will touch upon the more important. In the first place, Lord Morley has not gone to Berlin to “ I think it would the well if ministers preached at discuss merely the question of the ownership of the final least once a year from the text, ‘ I have married a wife, (Koweit)section of theBagdad Railway, for that has and, therefore,cannot come.’ Theyears following mar- already been as good as settled, and settled to the advan- rizge are frequently fatal to the habit of church attend- tage of thiscountry. For several months the German ance.”-Rev. J. E. ROBERTS, Government has ceased to support the German conces- sionnaires;for both Herr van Kiderlen-Wachter and “ No Englishman with a conscience can desire the British Government to insist upon the opium evil endur- Herr von Jagow,the late and the present Foreign ing three years. Prudence and morality are here at one, Minister, decided that difficulties would be avoided in forthe continuance of the opium traffic will he at the themeantime by admittingthe English claimsto the cost of our legitimate commerce.”---“ News and Leader.” finalsection of the Bagdad line. It doesnot follow,, of course, that the matter is never to be reopened. “ The boy, what will he became ? is a troublesome and a very anxious question. . . There is evidently a *+* great work waiting to be done by the juvenile Labour Exchanges.”-“ Cardiff Times.” In the second place, a much more important question than the Bagdad Railway had to be discussed with the

“ A. new era is now dawning upon the world in Great German Government, though there is no reason, on the Britain-an era of almost unrestrained and unalloyed surface, why it should not have been dealt with by our democracy. At last, aftermany centuries of impotence Ambassador in Berlin. A few weeks ago an “arrange- or oppression, the People have entered upon their heritage ment” was signed between the British Government and of Power”--BIs%IoP WELLDON. Turkey, whereby importantchanges in thestatus of --- Egypt will become effective when a suitablemoment “ To-day the militant women are honoured above all arises for makingthem known to the world. The others in that their courageous and capable behaviour has drawn upon themthe special and ferocious hostility of changes proposed have not yet been set forth in detail ; theFront Bench.”-ToM MANN. but, in so far as they have been set forth at all, they are notthe work of the Home Government but of Lord Kitchener. The most drastic alteration suggested in the “ The presentsystem of business has not pet been shown to be degenerate. ”-ERNEST LOXLEY Constitution is that the mixedtribunals, which consist partly of native andpartly of foreign(i.e., European) “Let me get away down the Commercial Road to Saint judges, shouldbe abolished in 1915-accordingto the Mary andSaint Michael’s, that my heartmay expand Decree of January 30, 1910 these tribunals were to be and my soul be lifted up to see working-men rallying to continued for a period oi five years from thatdate. It the Master, and more fervent in their Catholicity than is proposed that instead sf the mixed tribunals English ever.”--FATHER 33. VAUGHAN. Courts shalt be introduced ; and it is further proposed that the Ottoman High Commissioner, who has always ‘‘ No one can survey the civilised world without taking resided atCairo since 1887, shall be relieved of his a hopeful view of the future of religion.”--“ Vanoc,” ~n duties, which are not particularly arduous. In addition the ‘fReferee.” to all this, it is urged that the Khedive, nominally re- sponsible to the Sultan, but in reality semi-independent, “ Half the wealth of the country, even in the estimate and responsible toGreat Britain if responsible at all, of Mr- Chiozza Money, a Socialist, is enjoyed bythe working classes. In other words, if ruin came on the shall be treatedas if he were a servant of the Crown, and country by invasion, or any other great national disaster, have rights and privileges confarred on him accordingly. the working classes would have more to lose than all the In other words, England would administer de jure even other people put together.”-“ Accusator,” in the Leeds a greater part of Egypt’s governmental work than she Mercury.” now administers de facto; for the abolition of the mixed tribunals would make a great change in England’s direct CURRENT COMMERCIALISM. relationswith the people of Egypt. I do not thinkit

“ The management of the I Hippodrome ’ announce that advisable to refer further to this matter at present. In- theyhave engaged Mrs. EvelynThaw ; the American deed, the remaining details of Lord Kitchener’s scheme actress who figured so prominently inthe trial of her would hardly be of general interest ; for they are chiefly husband, Mr. Harry Thaw, for the murder of Mr. Stan- of a financial nature and relate to theadministration and ford White, to appear in the ‘ Hippodrome ’ Revue. It supervision of Egypt’s revenues. Naturally,strategical is stated that Mrs. Thaw is to be paid ;6h a week. ”- considerations have not been overlooked. “ Daily Sketch.” 78

In spite of the fact that arrangements havebeen made Military Notes. for holding a Peace Conference in London, it must not be taken for granted that general peace is assured, or By Romney. that the most important questions are going to be dis- cussed here. Peace between the Allies on the one hand Now, once that we have cleared ourever I burdened brains and Turkey on the other is certain enough; but beyond of allthe elaborate, hardly acquired, and really quite that we can see very little further than we can beyond useless nonsense that has been stuffed into them as the the tomb. Thequarrels among the Allies overthe result of the exceptional experienceof the Regular Army division of the spoils are becomingserious enough to in South Africa, we shall at once see our way clear to give diplomatists an anxious time ; for there is now no “scrapping” agood half of thepresent curriculum. hesitation shown anywhere in affirming, and admitting, that Servia and Greece have a grudge against Bulgaria, Movements in extended order will go by the board, be- and that Bulgaria would not hesitate, if she thought she cause nobody but a lunatic would dream of employing could profit by it, to enter into analliance with Turkey. Territorialsin extended order. Marines, Guardsmen, ** * andthe better drilled battalions of theline have ad- vanced, and will advance, under heavy fire extended to Bulgaria has undoubtedly suffered heavily ; but then five paceswithout “bunching,” losing direction, or so too have her partners. Servia, in view of the great getting beyond control, lying down, and refusing to go assistance her armyrendered at Adrianople and on. Territorials would not-even two-yearconscripts Chatalja, does not see why she should be bound by the would not-and everybody knows they would not. It is preliminary treaty made with Bulgaria before the War, therefore a waste of time to train them at it. Musketry forthis document restricted herpossible gains, while at the same time restricting her sphere of operations. in the sense of range practices would also be abolished. As the Belgrade Government was ultimately called upon The menshould be taught to loadneatly and quickly to provide twice as many men as had been arranged for, andto fire insectional volleys. Except at the longer no one can blame King Peter’s advisers if they should ranges, there is no armed fire in war except controlled increasetheir territorial demands accordingly. Greece, fire. Only theman without a rifle canbe trusted to too, points to the excellent work done by her navy, and think of anythingsave firing the rifle off, and if one maintains thatBulgaria could never havereached could deprive the section commandersof ail firearms it is Adrianople if the Greek warships had not held the Asia quite conceivable that the better of them might keep the Minor Turks incheck. Bulgariaretorts by reminding fire of theirsections reasonably controlled to within a her friends that she has had to give up Silistria-both thousandyards. After that, it is simply a question of townand fortress-toRoumania, as the price of her keeping up the ammunition supply on the principle that, northern neighbour’s “benevolent neutrality.” outof every thousandshots fired, somepercentage +*8 simply must hit the mark. If the guns do their work the hostile fire will be just as wild. The effect of well- It is not for us to decide among all these bewildering controlled fire can be brought home to the men by field demands,claims, and counter-claims. It seems tome firing, for which, again, it is not necessary to have ex- that Bulgaria is askingfor too much, and that she is pensiveand elaborate ranges. Great Britain possesses unwilling to acknowledge the assistance rendered by her a longer coast line than any other European State save partners in theBalkan League. This, indeed, is the Greece, and no spotin the island is more than forty miles general opinion in diplomatic circles throughout Europe, fromthe sea. A squad on theforeshore firing at a fromSt. Petersburg to Paris ; andBulgaria will cer- towed andmoving target will obtainall the practice tainly not improve her position by sending Dr. Daneff wanted. Thestrike of the bullets is easilyperceptible overhere again to represent her at the Peace Confer- on the waves. ence. Dr.Daneff, as Imentioned at the time, attended -%.E* the preliminaryconference in London and got himself The time thus saved could be devoted to drill, especi- sincerely andthoroughly disliked by everybody with ally drill in large bodies such as battalions and brigades. whom he came in contact during his visit. He gave M. Not only is such drill indispensable if troops are to be Cambon cause to lodge complaints about his rudenessat moved withoutconfusion, but it is extremely popular a French Embassy dinner; and when M. Venizelos, the with the men. There should also be field operations on Greek Premier, called on him he did not even take the a large scale : brigadeagainst brigade, and division trouble toreturn the call. Inaddition to theserela- against division. These shouldbe realistic : thearms tively minor breaches of etiquette Dr. Daneff’s general should be combined, and the troops should be sent on attitudewas greatly resented. Hewas brusque and “trek” underservice conditions. It is frequentlyob- boorish to the last degree, unwilling to listen to advice jected to such manoeuvres thatthe regimental officers or suggestions, and highly offensive when talking to the and men learn little by them. Here, again, the answer Turkishdelegates. I write of whatis notorious in depends upon the conception of war at the back of the London diplomatic society. objector’s head. If heis thinking of a war of small *** columns, of cunning little traps laid by one company for another, oE Red Indian tactics, and so forth, the grand But the real Conference will be held in Paris, and it manoeuvres of brigades and divisions are certainly the will have the most difficult task of all to deal with, viz., worst of educations for that description of war. If, on finance. Itis hoped by theGreat Powers thatthe the other hand, he is thinking (as he ought to be think- BalkanStates, if they show a disposition to resort to ing) of Europeanwar with hundreds of thousands of force for the purpose of settling their own little disputes, troops engaged at once, grand manceuvrcs are the best will think twice about it when reminded that war means of training.The merr learnmarch discipline and how a withholding of loans. It is reported as I writethat tofare for themselves on “trek. ” Theregimental the Bulgarian Finance Minister has gone to Paris with officers learn how to handle weary men underservice the object of raising a loan of ;GIO,OOO,OOO;but I am conditions-and it is a fact x-orth remembering that a assured by authorities at the Quai D’Orsay that France man knows neither his own self nor his friends until he will not advance more than one-tenth of this sum until has been with them in conditions of this sort. The staffs sheis assured thatthe money is notwanted for war of regiments, brigades, and higher formations learnhow purposes.Indeed, it is rather puzzling toknow how to handle their commands on the move. The arms learn these little States have held out so long. Greek finance how to work together.The services and departments is partly under internationalcontrol ; andit is com- learn how to fit into their places in the organisation. Is mented that Messrs. Krupp haveshown as much in- a11 !:h?,t learning nothing? And be it not forgotten that terest in Bulgaria as the Schneider-Creusot firm h;~s :a mistake it? a;?y olr the subjects thus enumeratedhas been showing in Servia f~’rseveral monthspast. rzr more fatal consequences hr: zt mistake in the sub- 79 jects learned during battalion and company training. It does not matter very much if a few men do form fours ‘The New Age’ and Labour Party. to the left instead of the right. An N.C.O. can put that WE are oftenreproached for our critical and unsym- right in half a minute. But it does matter very much if patheticattitude towards the Labour Party. It is thesupply organisation collapses : if theguns cannot hinted that we have only to ‘change our heart and our work in conjunction with the infantry ; if, in short, the policy in thisregard and, hey presto ! we shallbe pieces of the great machine have not been shaken down supported and admired to such a tune that we shall find together. ourselves prosperousand popular. This lure does n0.t **.x allure us. We brig ago deliberately cut ourselves adrift from machine politics and we are not minded to In addition, by another happycoincidence, this species return.The small change of the sixpenny-ha’penny of training is by far the most popular. The imagination mart la: Westminster ispoor exchange for our liberty -the strongest faculty in an Englishman-is seized by of thoughtand our independence. It would nlot profit the spectacle of thousands upon thousands of troops- us to lose our soul t.0 gain the support of the Labour cavalry,infantry, and guns, on themarch together. I caucus.But Guild Socialism is now beingsubjected remember a casualacquaintance in a London “pub” to thecriticism and .analysis of students,has inspired describing, or endeavouring to describe, to me the effect a recently published book, andhas been commented onhis mind of the spectacle of a mobilised brigade upon in another, sol thatwe mayperhaps advan- which marched through Alton during the afternoon of tageouslyrestate the grounds of our unbelief in anautumn day in 1909. Hehad beenparticularly Labourism. At first glance this seems a non sequitur ; struck by thehigh-loaded wagons of thetrain. There what has the criticism of Guild Socialism to do with was a small subsidence in the road which every vehicle an unbelief in theLabour Party ? This primarily : had to pass in turn, and he described to me the vivid Guild Socialismand political Labourism representtwo impressionupon his memory of thehundred times re- fundamentally differentconceptions of labouremanci- peatedscrunch as each gunor wagon “took” the path. obstacle, and the “hup” of the officer set to watch the One of ourcorrespondents told in last week’sissue passageas hehelped each animal through. Anyone of tradeconditions in theNorth. Trade in Yorkshire, whohas watched that endless chain of vehicles will he says, “is booming, bounding ‘in full-throated ease,’ understand. Men are overawed by thecombination of the only anxiety, and that rather small, being shortageof organisation and multitude. hands,as theycall it. The textileindustry has had *** three years of it now, as busy as a bee, and there is no sign of slackening. Fortunes are being made very fast But most important of all trainings is that which is andnary a wordsaid. Thehands-good people-are afforded by the social life andgood fellowship of the satisfied enough that work is plentiful; that is ever th,e mess and canteen. After all, it is the training afforded first consideration to them and has been for 100 years. there, and not that gained on the parade-ground or even Wages are secondary; that is, the amount of pay for tbe on manoeuvres, which determines whether a man will or work is a matter not of halfas muchimportance as wiI1 notdisgrace his regiment. Men mustlearn to plenty of work t,o be got.” To a Manchester economist regardtheir regiment as an individual and distinctive thisis matter for great rejoicing.But to theserious entity,having claims upon theirhonour and affection, thinker it is ground for grave misgiving. Manufacturers and it is just that feeling, by the way, which could never rapidlypiling upfortunes; labour seemingly content be generated among a hotchpotch crowd of compulsorily to work: longhours at the old rates of pay,with- enlisted“trainees,” thrust into the corps upon some out protest al~dwithout ,effective claim to a share in the rigid territorial plan, without regard to affinity or choice, huge profits madeout ,of itssweat. Prosperity thus and compelled by law to perform so many perfunctory means that the chasm between capital and labour grows parades.Whatever the Volunteers had not, they did deeper; that labour relatively weakens as capital grows possessthis corporate spirit. Whatever Lord Roberts’ stronger.Thus when trade depression comes,capital “trainees”have, they will notpossess it. The Con- can easily rest on its gains; labour will still be a week, tinental conscript does, at least, spend two years in bar- or at most a month, from poverty. racks, and the traditions of the regiment can be effectu- ally knockedinto him in the time.Rut casualyouths Now all this is perfectly well-known to tbLe Labour compulsorily enlisted for three or six months’ continuous Party. Do theyshow theslightest sense of the service at a depot, and then relegated to a local unit for material and moral issues involved in this fatal accept- four years’ further service of ten drills and two weeks’ ance of industrial servitude? Do they offer the faintest training each-coming heaven knows whence, stopping resistance,spiritual or material, to this accelerated under compulsion, and going after a few years to God aggrandisement of capital atthe expense of labour? knows where-how, in the name of reason, is one eu- Do they show the slightest appreciation of the gravity pected to get esprit de corps from these? I would beg #of thefacts? So far as we know,they do not. Their the National; Service League to explain, were I not quite chairmanhas signalised his returnfrom India by a convinced thatthe pointhad never occurred to them. speech on woman’s suffrage and a theatrical offer (con- Peoplewho concoct these fat-headed schemes foruni- temptuously declined) to publish the “Suffragette,”a versal service will neverhe got to comprehend that, if weekly paper devoted tothe enfranchisement of pro- man does not live on bread alone, neither do armies exist pertied women. Mr. Keir Hardie, the bell-wether of the Labourleft, promptly telegraphed his desire to dance solely upon “training. ” *** a turkey-trot in thesame limelight. Now whatever may be our views on woman’s political enfranchisement, I havedozens of othersuggestions, but this is no it is cf infinitesimal importance compared with the eco- timeand place for them.But, in conclusion, I would nomic emancipation of the vast mass of the population. say, for God’s sake let us have somebody at the head of is it l?

The answeris simple. Messrs.Macdonald and Hardie and their congeners believe in the continuance Insane Portugal. of profits (which they would nationalise) and they must I. therefore believe in the continuance of the wage-system. “IT is as impossiblefor such a mass of incoherent Those who have followed theargument for Guild unitsto reconstitute a stable State as forthe dust or Socialismknow that profits, privateor national, are mud of Lisbon to form itself into Jeronymos, that his- only possibleunder thewage-system. In consequence, torical monument that calls up the soul of Portugal to the Labour Party’s frame of mind, 3s it witnesses these thosewho nowbehold only itscorpse. ”* Thesewere bounding profits, ‘is a vague desire t,o nationalise and our words while the Portuguese Revolution was enjoy- not to abolish them. Labourism‘postulates more- ing some popularity in this country. The prudent were slightly more-wages and not the abolition of the wage- not yet alarmed, when we raised our voice and exposed system. Thus wheneverybody earningis wages, the leaders of that movement in their own colours. But Labourism hasnothing pertinent to say or do. Butit since,we have noted the reluctant but decided retro- mustkeep itself evidence. It isaccordingly thrown cession,step by step,according asthe intelligence in arrives, of some leading organs of public opinion in back uponwoman’s suffrage ,or whatevermay be the this country, which first joined in the applause of the Por- prominent political topic of the day. tuguese Republicanism. We have assuredly no pleasure We see, therefore, that political preoccupation has in the fulfilment of all our predictions ; the speed with led theLabour Party into aposition both stupid and which they have been accomplished exceeds our expec- tragic. Ithas (misconceived thefunction of politics. tations, while the atrocity of the means adopted surpass It has assumed the existence of political power without ourworst apprehensions. “It is a dance of fools and economic power. Ithas openly preachedthe possi- of madmen,” writes a Portuguese revolutionary in the bility of economic emancipation by means of political “Republica,”edited by an ex-Ministerin the Provi- action. It has failed becausepolitical power is merely sionalGovernment, “and a grotesque collection of the reflection, the inevitable sequel, of economic power. creatures for whom the complete absence of all morals Guild Socialistsknow that economicpower mustpre- principalthe is attraction mostandstriking cede political power. We cannot therefore countenance characteristic.” the futility of putting the political cart before the econo- Bishop Butler is known to have asked whether nations mic horse. could go mad. The emotionaltemperament, the The result of political Labour’s misconception of the imagination open to every fantastic influence, the con- politicalfunction is, as wehave said, both stupid and fused, incoherent thought-such if we mistake not, are tragic. The stupidity of the situation expresses itself in notesof many tenants of theasylum. These thoughts, thealmost comical incongruities in which theParlia- will cross the minds of those who have read the circular mentaryLabour Party is continuallyfloundering. The issued by a certain Rodrigo Rodrigues, the Minister of tragedy of itcan best be expressed in the simplefact theInterior, directing his subordinates “to proceed that since 1906, when the Labour Party entered Parlia- rigorouslyagainst newspapers supporting Jesuits. ” ment in force,the loss in real wages is notless than An Englishwriter atthe time of theRestoration of ;G~oo,ooo,ooo,and is probably nearer ~200,000,000. Charles 11, divided into three classes those who neither But is this loss theresult of Labourism? We will love nor trust the Jesuits. “The first and worst of all,” answer by a question : Had the same nervous energy, hesaid, “are some Catholics whohave such a tooth activity,vigilance thathave been devoted to politics againstthe Jesuits that they cannot afford them a been applied to economic organisation, is con-it good word.” “A second sort,” he observed, “are those ceivable thatcapital wouldhave runoffwith whose watchword is ‘root and branch’ the king being all thatplunder? Another question is also another for them a Papist,the Pope a monster, andthe answer : Had Messrs. Macdonald and Hardie shown the Jesuits hishorns.” “Thethird sort,” headded, “are same vigilance and flair, in the economic sphere, in at- adversaries not out of malice but prevented by a pre- tacking profits, that theyhave shown politically, isit judicate opinion.” To theselatter belong the Por- not reasonably certain that even if they had not secured tuguese who ,still believe in the Crypto-Jesuit stealing anactual material gain, at leastthey might success- about the country in disguise; and the famous under- fully haveresisted the loss? Are we thenfar wrong ground passages of theJesuit convents in Lisbon, when we assert that each Labour Member of Parliament merely illustrated the lengths to which Portuguese cre- has cost the wage-earners anything between ~2,000,000 dulity cango. The verydescription of thesesubter- and ~4,000,000? The Wardles and the Pointers are ex- ranean passages which appeared in a Republican daily, pensive. But the forty men who sit in Parliament are of was a literaltranslation taken from a story by Edgar small importance compared with the army of political en- Allan Poe ! thusiasts who support them. There is nota single Labour Thejournalists shouldbe freed fromthe shackles Member of Parliament who has not morally deteriorated of specialpenal legislation. Such wasthe uncom- since his election ; in like manner the local Labour poli- promisingverdict pronounced whenPortugal was a tician grows from enthusiastic simplicity into cynical cun- monarchy by the so-called apostles of liberty;how ning.His work is barren ; theconsequence is thatit little it is realised in practice,may be illustrated by bankrupts his character. Spiritually and materially, the the very recent abominableoutrages against the effect of politicalLabourism is toplunge the wage- liberty of th,e Press.The “Dia,” an important daily earnerinto deeper andmurkier waters. which was impossible to prosecute for its writings, has We do not doubt that the time, money and effort now beensuppressed because it spoketruths, unpalatable wasted upon politics,would, if devoted toindustrial to factions that contemplate the possibility of carrying organisation,prove fruitful and not barren. We be- a government by escalade. The copies of thework- lieve thatthis simple truth will within an appreciable men’snewspaper, the “ Syndicalista,” are seized by timegerminate in theminds of thewage-earners. If the police atthe offices, fordaring to speak against not, then the gradually diminishing economic power of authorities of the type of tbe absurd Rodrigo Rodrigues. Iabour will end in incurable servitude. The “Aurora,” edited by the revolutionary Mario Mon- Whilst it is true that economicpower precedes and teiro, a personal enemy of Affonso Costa the Premier, dominatespolitical power, we donot agree with the is seized and suppressed, in revenge for being irreverent Syndicalists that there is no political function outside of to ,a prominentRepublican, whose birth certificate it theindustrial unions. On thecontrary, when by a published. The “ Grito do Povo,” “ Palavra,” and proper application of organised power to industry, the “ Guarda,”for “being suspected of reactionary ten- wage-earners have shaken off the profiteers,when the dencies.” Butthis isnot all. The Carbonarios at production of wealth is followed by its equitable distri- Covitha send a notice tothe editor of the“Demo- bution,when the Guilds have relieved the State of its cracia”informing him that thve Carbonarios“had financial responsibilities andlimitations, then, and not untilthen, will purified politics engagethe fruitful * “Portugal.” NEW AGE, January 5, 1911. energy of the emancipated worker. j- ‘‘ A Republica.” April 12, 1913. SI decreed that the papershould cease publication,” and composure. “:lm I to be hanged,” he asked, “because the offices of the newspaperare assaulted and the people choose to take off their hats to me?” The facile furniture,printing press, and type destroyed, against credulity in the statesmanship of Affonso Costa, which which theGovernment, it is needless to say,provides we considertheissymptom .of thePortuguese no protection whatever ! disease, evokes the days of the “King of Penamacor,” The liberty of th,e Press was one of the principles of the“King of Ericeira,”or the Venetian “Knight of the revolution. The condition of Portuguese journal- the Cross,” who was welcomed as the “King of Portu- ism wasunsatisfactory in theextreme. The Por- gal,” imposture all the more remarkable from the fact tuguesePress, with few honourable exceptions,was that the Calabrian bandit could not speak Portuguese ! libellous.Indeed, we. are notsure that the monarchy Be that as it may, “Sebastianismo” came into exist- was notunintentionally favourable to it : In 1881 an encein the days of theking whose frantic efforts to attemptwas made to prosecute the newspapers that become a “hero”resulted in the Castillianmonarch insulted the Iring. A Regenerador Ministrywas them reducingPortugal to the abject state of a conquered in power, andRodrigues Sampaio was the Premier. province. “Europe is conservative,”is the regret ex- ButRodrigues Sampaio had no moralprestige to pressed by the editor of the “Lucta,” now worn out by displayfirmness in the matter. He himself had been thefeverish activity and trying suspense of thelast ajournalist, and editors of Republican sheets charged twoyears. But what strikes some Portuguese most with having insulted the king, were not slow to remind forciblyand painfullyis that thesefourth-rate actors .the PrimeMinister that in his‘‘Revolucao de to-day entertainingEurope with a comedy do notyet Setembro,”and especially in the “ Espectro,”he had realise that this comedy is about to end in a tragedy, poured forth the most vindictive slander against Dona which we propose to discuss in a concluding article. Maria II.,the Queen of Portugal;and so vile was V. DE BRAGANCA CUNHA. Sampaio’s language that Don Pedro V had refused to appoint him Minister of theCrown, for being his .mother’straducer. Thus, flor yearsnothing was done “ .to protect th,emonarchy by theenactment of law ‘ England’s ’ Day of Reckoning.” against libellers. Writswere frequentlyissued but 1.---Nomenclature and Nationality. trials seldomtook place. Itwas not,therefore, free- dom of thought but the licence of the Press which the OK whether we, of us, are consciously pre- Republichad to discoverto be inconsistent with the dominantly, “Englishor “British.” Isthe Crown safety of anygovernment, for then as now thePor- Canadianor British 3 Isan Australiana Briton? Is tuguese were feeling sensilble how great is the evil of a anEnglishman a Briton? What is nationality? What licentious Press. is patriotism?Somewhere, in thegreatest empire, is a Sovereigna Power. What is it? Is anImperial “ Your Englishpapers are just as bad. Have you nationality-that is, a British empire nationality, includ- readthis article? ” were thewords of Bernardino Machadodrawing the attention of a British journalist ing, as it ‘must, white citizens and coloured subjects of to an articleon Portugal in the“National Review.” the Crown ‘in the fallowing rough proportions, e.g., 325 million EastIndians, 35 million Negroes, 30 million “ Such things,” said the Portuguese Foreign Minister, “‘should not be permitted. It professed to be the work “British,”and aibout 30 million “English”-a possi- of an ‘ Englishman in Portugal ’-who is he? Your bility? This, by the way, is the “ideal” of Imperialism. Government whichproclaims its friendship and spm- But, ,is itdesirable; would itbe stable? Or, on the pathyfor Portugal should not allowsuch pernicious otherhand, would a National Federation of the one ‘falsehoods to be published.”* This was a strange con- peopleand five Parliaments of what inreality is now fession to make. It would behard to saywhether thesovereign Power-the British race-be preferable? Machado’s statement was most conspicuous for its in- This, in turn, is Nationalism, not Imperialism. discretion orfor its levity. The Britishjournalist, Itis conceivable, andis here seriously suggested, however,reminded the Republican diplomat “that that the Nation is greater than its Empire-the brain effete monarchies do not enjoy the same powers of sum- greaterthan its body. I donot agree that mere bulk mary jurisdiction over the Press as those exercised by iseither Glory,or anything more. thanmere bulk. I a new Republic.’’ donot agree that this civilisation, of Britishnational Nothingis normal in Portugal to-day. Thenation andhistoric development, should, or can, amalgamate still quivers in thethroes (of revolution,she is still with, among themselves, the antagonistic castes, races, - plunged in politcal chaos, is still governed by the right creeds,and other civilisations of theBritish subject of insurrection. The Government “may go on taking the andtropical empire, to all of whichbe it noted, the measures required by the situation.” But it lacks pres- two words “nationality” and “patriotism” are foreign tige ‘to prevent revolutionary movementsheaded by and incomprehensible idioms. But this, as I have said, men without parts to maintain themselves on the giddy isthe idealand aspiration of theleaders (of theIm- heights to which theirinsane vanity raises them. The perialist‘movement, if, thatis, we assume that that recentattempt at a coupd’etat which,resulted in the movement (with its dominating subscribers) is at least seizure of hundreds of bombs of the latest pattern, at as sincere as it ‘is unintelligible. the headquarters of the Radical Republican Federation, I am aware that many self-styled Imperialists do not was “a movement,” says the “Mundo,” the organ of really desire an Empire nationality, though this, never- thePortuguese Premier, “easilyexplicable asthat of theless, is the only meaning, and can be the only mean- ambitious madmen.” Nor isthis tobe wondered ing of theirphrase “Imperial Unity.” These last, .at. Thelarger portion of thenation livesto-day in though in maintaining their claim to a misleading and strange apathy, or rather have abandoned their interests wrong title they ‘must follow their masters of the Purse, withcowardice tobastard politicianswho arrogate do recognise the historic expansion of their nation and .to themselves the right of leading the nation. kingdom, from theMotherland, its last Act of Union “ and its one Parliament, to comprise now five countries Sebastianismo”-that over-strained nervous tension and five State(termed “national,” for the moment) now known to experts in lunacy as “morbid impulse” Parliaments.Itisthis people,these States,these has hadits epochs in Portugal.The “King ofPena- Parliaments and countries, which this unofficial and un- macor” was the son of a potter at Alcobaca, and if time important bulk of Imperialists would federate in some had been given him-who knowshe might have suc- form. But here, as I have said, is not Imperialism, for ceeded in being for a few months the Kingof Portugal. all this people of the sovereign race are Britons, with, Re was arrested, paraded on an ass’s back through the among other essentials of nationality, a common Crown, streets of Lisbon and would have ended his days on the and a common patriotism-\a patriotism based on their scaffoldhad he not faced the situation with relative commonhistory. A.mong these, it does notmatter * J. 0. B. Bland. ‘‘ A Portuguese Jacobin.” “ Nine- whether they are Canadians, Welsh, 0.r English, their kedh Century Review. ” July, 1911. patriotism is British.Each of these five environmental 82 sections of the race, may, and should, be loyal to their remembered that “the Princes andpeople of India” sent own Government,love their own country;but the a congratulatorymessage last year to “theGreat patriotism of all-a greater and another matter-is in- English people,” through the Viceroy, a British official). separablefrom their unitednationality. Hence,an ‘‘England sheknows. ” Englishman should beas British as a Canadian. Ishall return to the subject of India’s place in the Teutons, in thisconnection, whether Bavarians or sun, its real values to this nation, in a subsequent paper. Prussians,are conscious of the realunity expressed To Mr. Arnold White its bigness is its greatness. by the term “nation.”Their Federation is German, But fortunately this prolific Imperialist and publicist their nationalityis German,and their patriotism is has nothing at this time to say of the Irish “nation,” German. Inthe United States, again, the leaders or,is it, of Irishnationalities? To Mr. Redmondthe there are deliberately‘displacing the term “federal”- people of Ireland are a “nation.” Yet the leader of the “the Federal Government,” and so on-with the word Opposition told his Blenheim audience : “There are two “national.” Since the unification of Italy, and of Ger- nations in Ireland.” Whereas this, again, was denied by many,this word “nation” has attained a larger inter- Sir Edward Carson, who instructed the House that the nationalsignificance. Thereis nlo greater unit of Irish were not a nation at all. (Hansard, .42-118.) Powerthan a nationalunit. And thisword, unlike On the same phase of the same subject In the current Imperial, isfamiliar to, understood by, a bond of the “BritishReview,” Mr. Cecil Chestertonsays, “I am common people everywhere.Personally I wantnone convinced that our difficulties in Ireland are due almost of “thegreater spiritual content of thewider wholly to our refusal torecognise the sentiment of Irish patriotism,the Empire is my country,” which is both nationality.’’ Now with the profoundest respect for this Imperialismand Lord Milner’ssentiment ; because, scribe’s splendid and more than English journalism, to knowing the Empire as an empire, its values, and, say, my mind, he is here expressing a transitory sentiment, Bermondsey, I, barring Sentiment altogether, am more and a sentiment only, of uninformed, or misinformed, concerned inevery way with that fraction of my own local public opinion. The Irish, because of mis-govern- race. The last will fight for what I hold dear, for the ment and distrust (in which they are not alone), express Nation, the empire will. not. their revolt against the “English” only, in the disinte- grating threat or suggestion of this “national” claim. Now thisdeponent is a Canadian, loyal to hisown Patriotism will always, and can only, follow nationality. raceand toits history, which isBritish, loyal tohis It is a part, a test, a justification of nationality. If you ownCanadian Government only (as aGovernment), multiply one, you multiply theother, and destroy the loving Canada evenbefore Britain, but claiming and original larger unit from which these arise. There can exercising,without adequate or equitable representa- neverbe a “lesser and a greater’’patriotism ; y?u tion, the privileges and duties of British nationality and cannot divide thissentiment, a sentiment which 1s British patriotism. The whole Empire, and the Mother- greater than simple loyalty.A loyal Irish people, loyal land,is no less a “possession” of Canadiansthan of totheir tribe and Government, if British,have that Englishmen. patriotism. If they(or any of us) arenot British, of But this un-English, non-party, broader attitude does that nation, then they (or any dissenting section of us} not yet find favour with the Imperialistic sentiments of are foreign.There is no half-wayhouse. Nor can a host of Englishmen, who, carried away by local parti- British nationality, or British patriotism,be confined, sanphrases, have never hadtime to analyse, or to defined, or expressed in consonance with the only local understand, what these things mean, or whither they- prejudices or exigences of any of theten principal theirtribe or nation-drift. Nationalsecurity, and parties of the five principal Parliaments of this sovereign nationalwell-being, are lessto-day than a localself- Britishrace. styled “statesman’s” local and personal stake in a minor Mr. H. PageCroft, M.P.,is chairman and founder local Bill. As a matter of fact, the British nation, with of an organisation named the Imperial Mission, which, five Parliaments,has no National Parliament. Two- really a minor association of the Unionist Party and the thirds of the Empire’s territory, and one-fourth of the Tariff Reform League, includes in its membership such nation,notwithstanding this blatant Imperialism, are names as the Duke of Argyle and Lord Roberts. Listen entirelywithout the jurisdiction of St.Stephen’s. His to this leading Imperialist’s pronouncements on nation- Majestyassents to the Acts and Governments of five ality, a stillunknown quantity, which, nevertheless, independentParliaments. And four of theseParlia- should be the very essence of his, and all so-termed Im- ments administer the affairs of not only the richer units perialism. In February last year, inspired by the present of the nation, but of that greater part of the Empire’s writer, he said, “We are not five nations, we are one territory which, if territorialexpansion does, or may, nationliving in five countries.’’ (Hansard, 34-7.) And proceed with racial and national expansion, is really the then, in December of the same year, after a first week- bulk of the kingdom, and which indubitably does con- end in Canada, he was able to agree that “Canadians, tain to-morrow’s real British wealth, to-morrow’s com- Australians and Scotchmen are proud of their separate fort,and British national power. The“English,” it nationalfeelings, though,” he added, “they are all may be noticed,have no voice at all in thisgreater proud of our” (the “English”?) “national flag.’’ (Han- part of “their possessions. ” Yet at the present moment sard, 45-162.) Canadians use, enjoy, and profit by more of England’s Another local partyImperialist, Sir Gilbert Parker, new capital subscriptions than all the 45,000,ooo people finds itconvenient to, expresshis conviction that, in Britain. This, unnoticed, does not worry the Parlia- though-“the world takes no note of the Irish, Scotch, mentary Labour Party in this country, nor are thepeople Australian, or Canadian ‘nations,’ it takes note of the here conscious of their loss. Butevery shoeblack in BritishNation, which,” nevertheless, he then affirms, Canadaappreciates his gain,and his country’s gain. “includes smaller nationalities.” And thepopular, largely cosmopolitan daily Press of Now, while I agree with the first part of the last con- Britain,knowing these things, is silent. But then, of sidered, but not sincere, opinion, I deny that a nation- course, when the Harmsworth combination asserts that ality can include foreign (Le.,“smaller” or “lesser”) “Britainleads the world” in tradeand progress and nationals, and, as it then must, various patriotisms. A‘ prosperity,it really means that Britain, in all these nation must at least be a unit tin its patriotism ; and, things is (as I shall show) retrogressive. patriotism, in turn,can only benational. In subse- The following from the pen of Mr. Arnold White, in quent papers, after some further considerations of this a recent number of the “Referee,” is typical of a certain terminological phase, I shall try to show that this ques- section of society andits mind. Speaking of English, tion of National combination is the true basic founda- Scotch,and Welsh “nationalities,” he says : “Let all tionand principle of constructivesocial reforms in Englishmenuse theword English when writingor Britainand in GreaterBritain; that the problem of speaking of a thingthat isEnglish. The Navyis fair or adequate wages ,in thiscountry, for instance, English ; the Army is predominantly English ; India has is not an Imperial, is not a local, is not within the pro- never heard of the United Kingdom’’ (or, presumably, vince of any local party or Parliament. of the British Crown, or British nation. It may be A. G. CRAFTER. 83

crimination which shallenable us to preserveand to America : Chances and Remedies. propagate“The Best.” By Ezra Pound. The visit to Oxford brought me another gem. I was seated next a very reverend head of something-or-other IV. and someone had just shown him “A new poem, ‘The Proposition II-That I would drive the Seminars Hound of Heaven,’ ” but he “Couldn’t be bothered to on “ The Press.” stop for everyadjective.” AFTER devisingthe new castes, to wit, of Professors Now I couldscarcely have heard thisat home. whocould meet a creative artist without being made Firstly, if the old gentleman had not seen the poem a to appear ridiculous, and of artistswho couldmeet a decadeago. itis unlikely that anyonewould have decentlyinformed professor withoutbeing shown for thrust it upon him in the year of grace 1913. Secondly, charlatans, I would consider the matter of the thesis. if it were out of his own line he would probably have The “Thesis” as an institution mayneed someex- accepted authority that it was a masterpiece.Thirdly, planation tu the present reader; be it known then that nothing under the American heaven wdd have evoked in the United States of America, possibly in the United that swift and profound censure, that scrap of criticism States of Brazil,inFrance, Germany, and most which touches the root and seed of Thompson’s every civilised countriesexcept England, the seats of learn- defect. ing confer the higher degree of “Doctor of Philosophy” This may seem beside the mark, but the crux cf the in mostcases upon studentswho have neverstudied matter is this : The graduate student is not taught to and who never intend to study any philosophy, but no think of hisown minute discoveries in relation to the matter,it is an old customand worthy ofreverence, subject as a whole. If that subjecthappen tobe the and it datesfrom the time whenpeople did study history lof an art he is scarce likely ever to have con- philosophyand the liberal arts.“Ph.D.” after sidered his work in relation to the life of that art. yourname implies that you havedone at least Onthe other hand newspapers, especially thehuge threeyears’ hard work on some two or three special Sunday editions, are constantly printing interviews and branches of learning after and above what you did for impressionsabout recent discoveries in every field of your baccalaureatedegree, and part of thiswork is knowledge ; these are often vague and worthless. a thesis which is supposed to make some new contribu- No minute detail of knowledge is ever dull if it be tion to the pre-existing sum of knowledge. presented to us insuch a ‘way as to make us under- Now this is avery fine system,it is a tremendous standits bearing on the whole of a science. Gaston machinery foraccumulating minute information, and Paris notably, and S. Reinach, especially in his I speak of it, and in especial of its ,inventor, with noth- Manual of Classical Philology, have presented detailed ingsave the deepest respect.But thissystem implies knowledge in such a way that any one can approach it ; thatafter every hundred or so of suchtheses there thatanyone who likes may learn of whatthe subject should come a super thesis, the product of some intel- consists and may study as much of it, or precisely that ligent person capable of efficient synthesis. part of it which suits his purposes. Inthe branches of science itis possible that such The usualdoctor’s thesis is dull, is badly written, synthesisactually occurs. In the history of letters, the candidate usually has to pay for the printing of the and possibly in other branches, there are two obstacles required copies, as even the special journals will not be tobe considered. First, the Americanuniversities are bothered with the average thesis: notin such close touch with each other as arethe My suggestion is the very simple one that the thesis Germanuniversities. Second, there is noBritish be briefed, that the results, with due introduction and Museum catalogue from which a man may start. with due explanation of their bearing on the whole of From theseand other causes the scholar Quixote the science or ‘onthe particular period of history, be oftensets out on his quest of theunknown without published in some newspaper of standing, which should fittingorientation. Original documents arefairly become in some measure the organ of the university. scarce inAmerica. If he came abroad he will possibly Secondly, that the minutae of the thesis be typewritten fall upon some ill-catalogued library. He is little likely andplaced in theuniversity library to be printed only to have beentold how to use thevarious European if they happento be of generalinterest or if the re- libraries. He maynot even know that you save about sultsand conclusions of thethesis based uponthem threemonths’ time by spending a week in theBritish are called into question. Museum before you set out onany task of research. The benefits of this scheme as I conceive it would be If hecan onlyafford onesummer abroad this know- as follows :- ledge is apt to becostly. The result of this,and of First, the student would have to get some clear notion divers minor causes, is that, even if he does by chance of his work in itsrelation to life. Second,the news- discover something of importance,his monograph is paper which is fond of calling itself the great educator, very apt to be like one pillar of a temple raised in the etc., would bebrought into touch with a new set of desert that no one will ever visit. specialists, and aside from the thesis printed, the editor In the meantime, good introductory works are sadly would knowwhom to callupon for anarticle onany lacking. The disconnectedmethod of research is be- specialtopic. Note that I am writing this for London. ginningto be realised.Anent this, I had a joyous not passage with a don at Oxford.Another don had been inspecting American universities and he had found one Marriage Reform. proud head of a department who had correlated every- thingpertaining thereto. He took theOxonian to a By Duxmia. room completely filled with cubby-holes and from these Now in the days when this story happened England was he drew forth in alphabetical order the lists of all the happy and young and fair, and everybody did as they books andarticles that had even been written abut liked.and nobody suffered forit, and the rich felt no anyclassic author, BUT . . . ! andhere the don qualms about being rich, whilst as for the poor, there paused as if to overwhelmme with the approaching was nothing that they enjoyed so much as a good stiff marvel. “But,” I saidquietly, “there were no texts dose of povertyand no nonsense abut it. And from of the authors themselves.” all this and other facts the archaeologist can gather that “What !” he said, “ is it possible? I thought perhaps itmust have been thespring of 1913 or thereabouts. Murray was exaggerating. ” Moneypoured outand money trickled it. Men were Now I had no idea what university was in question, married and forgot it, and the divorce court reminded so therecould have been nothingpersonal in my ex- them of thefact. Politicians lied. Thespring fashions pectation of whatthe visiting Oxonian might have came out and various absurdities with them. Girls put found.Nevertheless, one cannot feel thatthis system their hair up. Men wore, tight boots and got sore feet. is likely to breed that fine sense,that exiguous dis- Londonwas exceedinglyhotand dusty. Every- 84 body talkedabout nothing until they were sick for things, for the English people were not really ma- and tired of it.People fainted in! the crowd. And the servative at bottom, but a most adventurous crowd, and devil walked up and down in the earth. would consent to anymortal innovation provided yw Nowwhilst explaining evolution andprogress in could savetheir faces-or rather theirmaiden aunts’ general, this tale will be dealing with marriage reform faces-byfinding a nice,new, harmless name for it. in .particular, and it is the first real genuine attempt to “MarriageReform,” he said, “ will dishthe maiden let the publicknow how England was led aside from aunts.” So spake Jerry Jocelyn, and the two American the darkness and despair of an obsolete monogamy to millionaires were so delighted that they added a couple the light and hope of marriage reform; and of the holy of thousands to his retainer on the spot, ‘and the German and merry men who laid the plot, and reaped the Jew wasdelighted also (thoughnot to the point of benefits. And incidentallyit is also useful as showing stumping up money), and even thePolish Jew was what a lot can be done by pure, unadulterated cheek- pleased when the thing was explained to him dearly in not that this age requires any enlightenment upon that Yiddish. Butthere always was a difficulty in getting score, but for the benefit sf posterity and of the next him to understand, for he never really grasped the Eng- epoch, who mightnot believe that these things really lishTongue, never havinghad imperative occasion to happened unless someone really reliable told them so. learn it, having always been able to make himself un- derstood in Yiddish among the English aristocracy. For in those glad and joyous days politics were slack. So thestep having been determinedupon, and the For it is in accordance with nature than no one should payany attention to politicswhilst thereare better leaders of the two great historical parties having tossed things to think about, and whilst the wine was flowing up as to who should have the privilege of introducing and the girls were dancing and the taxi-cabs were run- it, and Jocelyn having won-he always carried with him ning, and the orchestras playing, and the Devil travel- a shilling with both sides tails that he found extremely ling up and down in theearth with more than usual useful for this purpose-he startedthe ballwith his speed and diligence, it was not to be expected that any- famous Guildhall speech. In it he said that Monogamy one shouldconcern himself withdismal speeches; and had been all very well in its way and admirably adapted the world-or the only part of it which matters-had to an earlier stage of evolution, but that since then the something far better to think about. Therefore politics world had progressed and things had changed, and it were at a discount. People hadceased talking about was now obsolete and a fetish and a shibboleth to boot. k‘or, as he acutely observed, the introduction of steam them,and the newspapers bad ceased writing about alone had entirely altered social conditions, and whereas them, and war scares were a drug in the market, and the Government might have mobilised the regular Army in the oldentimes a manwas bound to stick to one and the Special Reserve and the Territorial Army and wife if only because he simply couldn’t get away fmm the National Reserve without anybody really worrying, her, except by going to the pub (and he wasn’t always andeven the Ulster crowd were prepared toaccept safe even there), and in any case he had to putup with Home Rule, whilst as for Lloyd George, if you started her a.s soon as he went home, to bed, nowadays he could talkingabout him,people left the room. And things easily have a wife in every one of seven different towns, and visit one on every day of the week, and no one be weregetting so mightyslack that, as Jerry Jocelyn any the wiser. And he went on to say that the spirit of (who happened to be Prime Minister) said, unless some- progress and enlightenment clearly called for Marriage body raised a living issue quick there was considerable Reform, and that the historical party which he had the danger that the public might forget about poIitics alto- privilege of leading was going to take upon itself the gether. “ And where should all wi politicians be then?” honour of introducing it. Letthem, therefore, up and as Jerry Jocelyn said. And as Jocelyn again remarked : attackthe dragon of maritalunhappiness with the “Better that I should find politics to amuse the public, shiningexcalibur of Marriage Reform-not “ fornica- !” And as a than thatthe devilshould find mischief tion,” for was quite different thing--but Marriage consequence he went to see the Four Great Men Who that a Really Run the Show, who happened at the moment to Reform scientifically conducted by a board of scientists and in accordance with the latest scientific knowledge be at LadyChancetonbury’s country mansion talking on the subject.As for the audience they were a little abut England : two Yankee ,millionaires to wit, and flabbergasted, and didn’t cheer .as loudly as they might German and one Polish Jew, all of whom were as good havedone, but the morning Press was all right-the as a gods gods in reality, and jolly sight better, for do Yankee millionaires andthe German Jew who owned a good fat not renumerate services with cheque book, nine-tenths of it saw to that, and the “Daily Parrot” whilst Great Men Who Really Run The Showdo-which in particular, which wasthe property of the German may explain why the gods have rather fallen out of it Jew, was sent on to boom the cause as a sort of advance in recent years. So whenthe Four Great Men were guard, whilst’ the rest hung back, in case, after all, the ready, andhad enjoyeda good fat dinner,and were public didn’t like it. for the other tenthof the Press to As full of wine and nicotine, they started talkabout it consisted of the papers owned or controlled by the England-and, one of them remembering that the Prime Polish Jew,who told off the“Daily Cockatoo” to Minister was there to see them, they sent for him from organisethe opposition; for, as Jerry Jocelyn said, a the housekeeper’s room. good judicious opposition was half the battle, and you Then Jocelyn said thathe thought that the public could bring In literally anything provided you could weretired of superficialities, andthat what with th,e cook your opposition. And,indeed, in justice to the cinematographs to competewith now, as well as the “Cockatoo,” it must be said that it managed the oppo- music-halts, and the boating season coming on, and the sition to perfection,talking consistently even greater threatenedrevival of diabolo, itwas time to make a nonsensethan the “Parrot.” Which may seem im- dive down right to the root of things, if they were to possible tothose that read the latter paper, but it’s regainthe public attention. Accordingly he proposed really quite simple when YOU know how to do it, and that one orother of the two great historicalparties, you can’t get on in journalism until you do. and preferablyhis own, should proposesomething Therefore the “Daily Parrot” came out next morn- highlyimmoral, for which the publicwould become ing wifth heavy, leaded type :- enthusiastic if theyonly dared. And hesaid thatfor MARRIAGEREFORM MEANS HAREMS FOR his own part he thought that the best thing for them ALL. to advocate was fornication, because that appealed to To which the “Daily Cockatoo” replied :- everyone-only not plain “fornication,” since the public would very likely jib at such a nasty word, but some- YOUR HOME WILL COST YOU MORE. ’ thing which at any rate soundedrespectable, such as The which the“Parrot” refutedby producing house- keeping bills of theZulus, Bantus, Hottentots, “ MarriageReform,” which was, as Jocelyngenially remarked, thesame thing under anothername, only Mashonas, and other negroid races of the African sub-’ it soundednicer, andsounding nice was what the Continent, proving beyond all possibility of doubt that Britishpublic mainly wanted. As hepointed out, the althoughthe majority of thempossessed four or five great knack in England was to obtain the right name wives apiece, and some as many as ten or twenty, they 85 werenot thereby impoverished, andthat they kept was €he word, and the two thousand eight hundredpub- themselves in comfort on the equivalent of sevenpence- loaferstold the tale, and Maritana van der Dimple ha’penny a week, which was considerably cheaper than changed her song and came out with an entirelynew anything hitherto managed by the monogamic English verse, translatingit all intoterms intelligible tothe artisan. To which the“Cockatoo” answered with vulgar, whichunfortunately cannot be given in the scornthat, if suchwere indeed thecase, it was noto- pages of thischaste periodical. And it ended in riously because the savages in question were cannibals, success. And fifteenother papers came over to the and obtained considerable portions of their menu gratis “Parrot” the very next morning, and their readers with by killing off their aged relatives; and published staring them, and those who really run the country determined headlines to the effect that- thattheir time wa.s near. And theyagreed that the simplest thing was for there to be a split in the Govern- JOCELYNWISHES YOU TOEAT YOUR menton the subject of Marriage Reform, and for the MOTHER, Ministers whom they wanted to get rid of to resign en and referred in terms of noble scorn to “devilling your bloc, or to go to th,e Lords, and Tor the King to dissolve father’skidneys” and “uncle and onions.’’ And SQ far ‘Parliament, and for a general election to follow, when thepeople would havean opportunity of utteringits did the “ Daily Cockatoo” go that it founded tbe “Anti- Cannibalism League,’’ and collected 63,000 in subscrip- mighty voice on the lines laid down for it by the poli- tionsin a fortnight (mostlyfrom aged relativeswho ticians. And to makequite sure that the public did thought they were going to be eaten by their heirs), and not get out of hand and vote for something unautho- smt a dozentravelling vans with speakers all Over rised, asthe public sometimesdoes, it was arranged England,and issued literature recommending persons that the other party should go to the country with the of matureyears to insert provisos in their wills and cry, “ No wives at all !” for which no one could possibly testamentsrendering them null and void in caseany votewithout declaring himself incapable of managing portion of them,before or after death, shouldprove hisaffairs. Not thatthere was really anydanger of tohave beenused for food. As forthe (‘Parrot,” it Marriage Reform failing to sweep the country, for, as founded the “Marriage Reform League,” which issued Jerry Jocelynobserved, everybody would openly vote several tons of printed matter a day, and plastered its for sevenwives except those who already possessed famous “Happy Harem” posters all -over the country, one, and they would not dare to vote for ‘‘no wives at and hired two thousand eight hundred professional pub- all. ’’ loafers to parambulate th,e taverns of thesesea-girt But the greatest sensation of all was caused by the islands talking Marriage Reform, and saying how they “ElectionSpecial,” whichMessrs. Natty Flares, Film had all beenruined by tryingto k’eep two wives at and Gramophone manufacturers, placed upon the pic- once, and being caught at it and punished by the present ture halls. And theserepresented “ Marriage Reform iniquitous enactments on the subject.Nor did the in the Life.” And you had a picture of Mr. Jerry Jocelyn MarriageReform League neglect the stage, f,or they sitting in hishouse, surrounded by hisseven wives, hired the “Blue Eyed Bengalee” to introduce Marriage Toto, Koko, Loto, Tsakamoto, Kescuomo, Maritana Reform into his patter, and Maritana van der Dimple van der Dimple, and, last but not least, Yubba Yubba wasengaged at a ridiculousexpense to add a new herself, whohad beenconveyed especially and at im- Marriage Reform verse to her famous rag-time melody mense cost from th,e harem of the Sultan of D’r-EL-As’r at the Hipposeum :- in theoasis of Tob,accompanied on the journey by We’ll put an end to bigamy thirteenhundred camels bearing ivory and spices and By voting for Polygamy, rahat-la-koum. And you saw howthey cooked the Johnnies, you may marry me, dinners, and how they scrubbed the floors, and beat the When Jocelyn is in. carpets,and comforted Mr. Jocelyn when hereturned in theevening from his labours for the publicgood. FinallyJocelyn settheexample himself, and And itwas pointed out by legendsthrown upon the stimulatedthe enthusiasm of hisadherents by taking screen thatall this solved the servant problem, and in (as yet unofficial) marriage seven wives, to wit, Mari- completely disposed of the allegations of the “Cockatoo” tane herself, and Toto from Paris, and Loto from Paris, and its pamphlets that“Your Home will Cost You and Koko from Paris, and Tsukamoto from Japan, and More.” And thena talking machine would be set to Kescuomofrom Kukarest, and, last but n,ot least, work and bellowed forth : “A message from Mr. Jere- Yubba Yubba, who was conveyed at immense cost and miah Jocelyn,” in which he encouraged his supporters, especially for the occasion, from the inner private harem and promised thern that they should all be polygamists of the Sultan of D’r-el-As’r in the oasis of Tob, accom- before long-under proper safeguards, of course. panied on the journey by thirteen hundred camels bear- ing ivory and spices andrahat-la-bum. And th’eir So Marriage Reformgained the day. ,4nd Marriage photographs appeared in all the daily press. Reform was introduced (after a fashion). For the diffi- But in spite of this there WRS n,o life in the cause. culty was that, after coming into power the Reformers Interestwas unceasing, but mainlyhostile, and some discovered that, in orderto get there,they had pro- of the ablest judges of the sporting Press wereheard mised a thousandirreconcilable things to a thousand to predict that unless something happenedquick, irreconcilablepersons, all of whom wanted to see MarriageReform wouldsoon be offering at heaven theirpromises honoured. But at length a satisfactory knows whatagainst. And themillionaires began to compromise was arrived at, the essence of which was fidget, andthe editor of the“Daily Cockatoo” was thatall things should go on v‘ery much thesame as actuallydismissed because, it wassaid, he was re- before. And marriageshould be called “connubial sponsible for the failure by mismanaging the opposition union,”and a wife a “female cohabitor,” and divorce tQ the extent of once or twiceactually taking sense, was renamed “nuptial separation,” and separation was in consequence of which quite a number of persons had called “nuptialdivorce.” And the rich shouldhave as been furnished withreasons for opposing Marriage many wives as theypleased, and the poor should pay Reform.Then did thegenius of Jocelyn assert itself. f‘or them; but th,e poor should have only onewife apiece, Thecountry was falling away. Concessions mustbe and not the whole of h.er, in order to save them from the made. Compromisewas the soul of politics, andthe sin of extravagance. And for the r’est, as we have said, art of thestatesman was to discover,not w.hat was thingswent son very much as bef,ore. Money poured good for the public, but what thse public would stand. outand money trickled in. Politicians lied. The If the great soul of England would not putup with spring fashions came out, and various absurdities with “MarriageReform,” why nottry “Marriage Reform them.Girls puttheir hair up. Men wore tightboots with propersafeguards” ? Strangerthings had and got sore feet in consequence. London was exceed- occurred. Thegreat soul of England would nottake inglyhot and dusty. Everybody talked aboutnothing MonkeyBrand until theproprietors announced to an untilthey were sick andtired of it. People fainted in expectant universe that it “ would notwash clothes.” thecrowd. And the devil walked up anddown In the SQ the editors received the tip, and “ proper safeguards” earth. 86

low, round the base of the ancient palace, a canal flows In Kashmir. down to the last bridge. I I Srinagar. Alongthe banks the decrepit wooden houses, lean- ingone on another, are for the’most part thin and By C. E. Bechhofer. narrow, but three or four storeys high-regular poplars THEbroad brown Jhelum flows down the valley in bends among buildings-with blossoming fruit-trees growing ar,d curvesbetween themountains. At length it ap- out of the ruins of the lowest storey. -On all the roofs proachesthe Takht-i-Sulaiman, atall gaunt hill de- growslong green grass; when thepastures are bare tached from that small interior range, now almost bare thesheep are hoisted up past the protruding bow- ot snow, which o’ertopsthe east of Srinagar.On the windows snd latticed(balconies onto the tiny plot. summit is a small doomed Hindu temple, the landmark Thirstycattle stumble down the crumbling flights of of the City of theSun throughout the Happy Valley. steps that run between the houses and barns down to Between the river and the foot of the hill, and for half thewater, amid the howling andfighting of mangy a mile up and down the narrow Bund, are the European mongrels. Chattering old women crouch down to clean quarters. From this pathway steps, wooden or cut into brass pots with the wet mud, others dip clothes in the the bank, lead down to thescores of house-boatsand streamand tread them out dn a smooth stone,or, in doonga-houseboats,large and small, cleanand dirty, the more usualfashion, slop them downon the rock that back below ; the owner of each devoutly believing until thebuttons, the stitches, and, sometimes, the the tradition that the broad bronze chenars and the lofty dirt,disappear. A group of elderly loin-clad Brahmins poplars of the Bunda dozen yards to the northwvard stands on a ghat beneath a little tin-roofed temple. The shade him from the noonday sun. old men shiver as they look at the cold swift river, and Just above the Residency is a bridge crossing a little finger the sacred thread that hangs over their shoulders. canal whichleads tothe Chenar Bagh and the Dal Suddenly there is a splash, and, a moment after, I see Lake. Below the Residency is a small island abounding a drippingworshipper puff hisway out of the water. in beautifulfruit-trees and chenars. It belongs to a Nakedchildren in imitation play aboutthe steps, the Fakirwho lives there in ahut and exacts toll from youngerhowling dismally asthey are slowly cleansed everyboat thatmoors against it. Behind the island and ducked, in the chill breeze blowing down from the and for half a mile below are the various “European” snowfields. Inotice one lovely littlehouse in fair re- shops-Parsi, Kashmiri, and Punjabi firms, viz. :- pair. The top storey is green, the next pink, the lowest I asked my cook one happy day blue,and it stands ona barebrick wall supported by Whom should 1 call for stores and tay, piles, as are all the houses that project over the river. To what sweet name jny rupees hancl. On the side of the house are two large pink and white Dadabhoy or Hasan Abdul, Nusserwanjee, Gulam Rasul, storks.Each storey has four or five bow-windows, MianMohamed or Jai Chand. eachwith a latticed shutter tumbling onits hinges. I “Sa’ib,” exclaimed a dusky pair, pass two little temples with glittering domes of tin and Who must have sprung from empty air, vermilion dragonssplashed uncouthly on theplaster “Master call us, we suit tine, wall. Don’t call Daddy, Jai or Rasul, Through one of the arches of the second bridge Ican Don’t call Mian, Nuss, or Abdul, see thedomes of twoHindu temples and the wooden Call but SUFFERING MOSES thine. ” pagoda-shapedpinnacle of a Moslem ziaratand the For I regret to say that an old-established Persian, green-roofed houses on both banks, seeming to meet at Sufdar Hoghul by name, of quaint and charming man- a bend. We pass a shikara propelled by only one boat- nersand appearance, was once termed “Suffering mantravelling very slowly downstream, laden with Moses,”and has used the profitable designationever severalgenerations of a prolific Hindu family. On the since. banksome Brahmin babas are checking the weighing Below these shops lies the native town with its seven of somedoonga loads of timber. The houses are very bridges. The first-but, heh ! Sultana,Ramzan, Moham- muchbigger now,mostly of four storeys,raised on doo, bringup the shikara ! shikaralao ! Thereare piles above the high bank. Sultana raps twice with his shouts in the kitchen-boat and the rattling of paddles, paddle, and with a “shabash” we sweep down between and a small dinghy manned by five cheerful, lazy rogues the wooden piles of the third bridge into the very midst comesup to my window. I clamber outand into the of the merchants of Suryanagar. The tall old buildings boks of the shikara, settle down on the cushioned seat have signboards hanging from their balconies and bow- under theshade of adouble awning, and am paddled windows.Suffering Moses paints his real name so rapidly away by the ruffians behind me. smallbeside hispseudonym asalmost to hide it. A The first bridge is about a mile from my houseboat, littlefurther on a certain Gani masquerades as Gane- which Ihave moored opposite the Residency in the mede,and on allsides I hearthe cry, “Sa’ib, Sa’ib, grateful shade of a grove of poplars. As I float swiftly comeand see my shop, wood carving,shawls, papier rounda bend, toweringabove me on every sideare mache me got very nice, come see, not buy, just see.” gaunt black mountainssurmounted by snowy ranges Several shikaras dash out from the stony mudheaps of and peaks, grey in the shade of the dark rain-clouds, or landing places to intercept me, but my boatmen, regard- gleaming white where the sun breaks through to them. less of offers of enormous commission if they will take I pass under the bridge besidea Kashmiri poling a me to thcir shops, paddle me swiftly to my destination, raft of threegigantic logs, while twogaily-dressed the house of the merchant and banker, Abdulla Shah. veiled women are slowly paddled upstream.Doongas, The steps that lead up to hisshop are dangerously ladenwith grain, timber, or stone, are poled in all decayed,but, with the aid of awalking-stick, I suc- directions,each with a littlecovered space astern for ceed in climbing them, and enter the courtyard. Round the boatman and his family; and there is usually a calf iton three sidesis a large tumble-downtwo-storied in a closely fitting hutch. building. Twoverandahs, cut off by brokenlattices, On the left, divided from the Chief Minister’s bunga- projectover the river. Thebanker, asmall, dark, low by a high-walled garden, is the Maharajah’s New aquilinePersian, one of thewealthier men of Palace, built right upon the bank, a great white, three- thecountry, dressedis in European style. His storiedbuilding with bow windows andbalconies pro- well-cut frock-coatbrushed,is his linen spot- jectingover thestream. Two or three staircases run less,and his socks without holes(it would be, of along it down to the water. Adjoiningit is an old red course, the grossest rudeness for him to meet me with palace,towered and balconied, and connected by a hisshoes on), a conditionalmost unknown among the passageway with the oldest building of all, a palace in natives of rankand wealthin India. But in Kashmir ruinous decay. Between the two the Ma’rajah’s private it is different, and Abdulla Shah, withhis delicate fea- temple standsout into theriver high up on the wall, tures,nezt clothes, andrichly-embroidered turban, with a large gilded dome glorying in the sunshine. Be- looksworthy of his rank.He invites me to ascenda 87 dark rickety flight of stairs on one side of the building, As we came nearthe coast-edge we passed a little andhe and his sons and servants show me beautiful girl, the first pretty human thing I had seen, in Italy. embroideries on wool, ,silk, Pushmina, and finest lawn ; §he didn’t beg of us, but cried ‘‘Buon giorno” in a clear carpetsfrom Bokhara, numdahs from Yarkand and Italian voice andwaved her hands.I was immensely Khotan,tea, turquoises, copper and gold from Tibet, pleasedand waved my handsback and kissed my simple lovely designs insilver andenamel, and large fingersto her, anld said h’ow prettyshe was, to1 the Kashmirshawls, some that will passthrough a ring, horror of my Spartan companion. She was very pretty and some old, heavy, and red, of which the secret has indeed. I wish...... Heigh-ho ! beenlost. Onthe other side arerooms full of the At, Sorrento I stayed in a wry pleasant albergo (far finest carving in walnut wood-seven-foot screens, fold- beyond my means) whose garden was full of tall orange ing Koran-stands, made of one intersected piece, tables trees, most decorative under cleara sky. Inthe so delicately worked as to glint as if atray of finest flower-bedsby the flaggedwalks grew stocks, fox- brass wereinlaid ; chairs, cabinets and boxes, worked gloves already in flower (March), and large clusters of with leavesand flowers orthe fearsome dragons and whitefresie. These flowers-f which I know only the hieroglyphics of the famous Lhasa pattern. This is the Italian name-are verybeautiful indeed; the blossoms shop of Abdulla Shah. varyfrom white to pale primrose, with purple streaks outside, and one orange-coloured petal within, and they grow-five or six of them-on a kind of horizontal stem Letters from Italy. projecting from the main stalk. The scent is like that of lemons, but sweeter and richer. And because I was XV1.-SORRENTO. happy atthat place, rememberI the flowers very ‘‘ clearly. IT is a fourhours drive from Amalfi to Sorrento, I cannot claim to have “done” Sorrento in any sense throughcountry similar to that betweenVietri and of the word; except flor a few hours’ wandering among Amalfi. I suppose if onewished to discriminate very the orange groves, and a climb across the steep terraces finely and curiously one would take the second part of of olivesand lentisks and beans on the hills towards thedrive as the better, because the hills are a little Amalfi, I saw nothing of the place. I did noteven go higher and more rugged, and the country nearer one’s to Castellamare, fror thequiet of the oId inn garden heartfrom its“cIassic” associations. wasI very was very calming .after the hideous din of Napoli. Most happy-in spite of leaving my beloved Amalfi--as the of my time was spent on a terrace, .at the end of the crazy little carriage bumpedover the stony road towards garden,about 200 feetabove the sea, where a few Prajanoand Positano in themorning sunshine. There seatswere set under bushes, and the tall lemon trees was hardly a ripple of foamabout the jagged rocks, made a screenagainst the light breeze. Thesea was hardly .a ripple in the grass and flowers, fragrant from of the same delicate clarity as on the other side of the the burning sun. Just as on the former drive from Cava, peninsula, and spread away in a lordly plain to Pompeii thelizards scuttled across the rocks.and shrub-roots, and Vesuvius on the right hand, to Napoli in front, and slipping into crevices or hiding behind stones. The mists to Procida, Ischia, and the open MareTyrrhenium on hung about the peaks; the opposite shore of the gulf the left. Capriwas hidden by a longheadland. And glimmered and trembled .across a pale haze; and the road the position of Baia one could only guess. turned about the headlands, giving us always some new And here,through the long “sun-satiate” hours I foreground to set ,off thelines of hills we had had in lounged-so delicatelylazy, you industrious one, so sight ever since we started.Beauty? Do you askme sensually absorbing sunlight, youascetic ones. If I now to admire feebleproductions like the Riviera be- thought,it was in a very languidfashion, without tween Genoa andPisa, or the sunrise over the Alps? serious intent, probably about Odysseus, orsome hapless Go to AmaIfi, littleperson, consider its ways and be friend in London, or the lizards, or the Greek bronzes at w j s,e. Naples, or nothing. If Iread, it was some scrap of Thus we clattered along-two somnolent elders and a Theocritus Ihad already translated for myself, or M. great artist-untilsuddenly the beery driver turned to de Regnier’s beautiful vers libre. me-“Ecco, Signor, Isola di Galli !7’ And then I mur- See Naples from the inside and damn it vigorously, mured to myself timeafter time that line from great but see the Bay of Naples from the Sorrento side, and Homer which I have set above this letter, for the Isola thank gods and heroes for a notable vision. Who shall di Galli, according to some, is that island of the sirens say whenit ismost beautiful? In the morning, when whereOdysseus heard the enchanted singing and thesun shows the red scarped sides of Vesuvius, shunnedsteep death by god-likeguile. For my part cracked and seamed with the lava-streams, and the white I prefer to take Capri as my siren island, and I leave houses of the towns at itsbase gleam likevery small my animadversions on Homer till I mm,eto speak of squares of marble, and the sea lies utterly still, hardly Tiberius’ summer resort.Still, it remindedme thatI spendingthe lightest ripple on theshingle? Or at wa5 comingto sacred ground, since Sorrento,the noon, when even at thisearly date, the sun becomes ancient Surrentum, is supposed to have been honoured almost too hot, and one is glad of the faint breeze rust- bythe landing of theMuch-enduring Ion itsbeautiful ling amongthe lemon-leaves andjust breaking the quietshores. How much of thisis apocrypha1 I don’t smooth sea? Or atsunset, whenthe opposite shore know, but I certainly remember having read somewhere stands very clear and sharp, the sun goes down golden that Odysseus landed at Sorrento. behind thepoint of thepeninsula whose deep shadow Right above the town is a kind of ridge of high rock is olive-green on the water, and Vesuvius again catches over which passes the road from Amalfi, and at thepoint thelight? And, asthe evening gets suddenly chilly, wherethe land beginsto fall towardsSorrento is a one gathers one’s books and pipes, and goes slowly into “Tavern of the two Gulfs.”Both the Gulfof Naples the albergo, feeling that pious cleanliness which follows andthe Gulf of Salernocan be seen at once. Butthe aday spent in utterlaziness under the heat of “ mio roaddescends quickly, the Gulf of Salernowinks one fratello, ’’ the sun. last blue flash as farewell, and you turn to contemplate Sorrento as it Ires on its sunnyslope looking towards All right-sentimentality of theworst kind, if you the Neapolitan coast.The town is scattered, notcon- like, “nature-worship”and all thatsort of bilge. But centrated in sordid masses of dirty buildings like North it is so charming to be useless, to refine upon sensations Italian hill towns, but open and almost opulent looking, andideas in theopen air-and toeat afterwards. In lying among large orange and lemon orchards, whose whatever Cerchio or Bolge I eventually find myself (“I1 brilliant fruit spots the trees with strong colouring and y ‘abeaucoup comme vous aux envers,” said a dear old fills the air with a suggestion of perfumes which do not Spanishpriest to me at Cava), I shallnot be among exist. All theroads lie betweenthe tal?, dustywalls those who gurgle in the foul marsh, “Tristi fummo Nell’ of the gardens, but the beautiful trees qiw om pleasure ;:er dolce che dal sol s’ allegra.” enough, in spite of the lack of extended“views’.” Anacapri. RICHARDALDINGTON. 88

Thou Shalt Not Kill. Present-Day Criticism. (From the Mahabharata,) A GENERATION that is almost totally materialistic will be By Beatrice Hastings. sure to breed mystery-mongers. We seem to be passing RELATE,0 Bishma, righteous Chastisements : through a plague of them in our time. Mr., Mrs. and Tell me how kingly rods may strike unstained, TO guard the pure, yet injure not the vile. Miss publish every other week his or her entirely new and personally vouched for solution of Life, its enigma. 0 Yudhishthira,hereto men narrate Guides tothe Perfect Way werenever so numerous, How Satyavat gave law to Dyumutsen : Prince to his sire the law of Manu gave. andbut one country of the deludedglobe, America, surpasses our own in the frequency with which it hails Were passing evil subjects judged to death, thelatest and most infallible"Mystic." TheOriental When Manu, Lord of Mind, inspired that prince With certain words till then not heard on earth. book lists,bulging though they be withthrillingly entitledexpositions of anyand every kind of myth, " 0 sire, sometimes the right doth seem the wrong, Again, iniquity takes virtue's grace : folkloreand fairy tale, yet contain, as wejudge, mat a quarter of the fishy mysteryworks, manuals, plays, Yet murder may not stand as righteousness ? " verses,novels, pamphlets, and tracts which are being The monarch said : I' Wouldstspare the evil life 3 If this were righteousness, then sin were good, spatout fromincalculable little private bogs of the And innocence as profitless as guilt. mind to allure and destroy the feeble majority of this world. Too indignant pity of thecheated victims is " Our worldly wheel is turned by chastisements. The rogue is held from sin by fear of death;, only to be steadied by the reflection that Nature herself Discourse if more thou knowst, 0 Satyavat. directscalamity against thesurplus of beings. Degeneracy,nevertheless, is a saddisease to die of. " 0 king, by imitation low men live. The practice of the great decides the low : Thereis only onerefuge to-day fromthe prevalent: Unseemly rulers cause disordered realms. occultisticalpoisoners; this is atthe sources of the ('In moral science be the ruler versed , mysteries. Go to thesources. Here you will find Who, when he judgeth, must judge true the offence, nothingmore or less mysterious than the admonition Nor unrestrained mete grievous punishment. "Know Thyself." Here is nothingmore fatally '' The subject's body kings may not destroy. alluringthan the vision of Mrs. Do-as-you-would-be Behold ! by death of one are many slain- done-by. Here are nomincing hints of fantastical ad- All innocent kindred fall for one man's crime, ventures in spriteland, n'o fumous descriptions of walks and talks withdevs and djinns, but a very emphatic " This, too, is seen-the wicked turn to good : And this-ill men oft father goodly sons. warning against all mystery-mongers and a nod of con- Tear not the root even from vilest man ! tempt for the would-be yogin too feebleminded to resist '' Power of the king extendeth not to death. a stroll on theastral plane. No, here isnothing 0 king, thou mayst not persecute with death soporific, dreamy,balmy, and pestilent, but an intel- Thy erring subject and his helpless kin. lectualexposition of Man-lord amongthe universal '' Ill rule, by dungeon, lash, and brand revealed, animals,animal among the universal lords.None but I11 lives still sparing, beareth not the curse the doomed mightstudy unhumbled at thesesources Of crazed sires and blighted, guiltless babes. of all human knowledge. " He who offendeth once, rebuke with words ; From the Babu provinces of India a fishy school of Mete not to childish sin harsh chastisement : mystagogues is stretchingtentacles over the Western Thus doth eternal practice clear command. world. America,in countlessnumbers, has gonedown " All men transgress, all suffer, all repent, to these persons of whom there are many hundreds in The law for noble men must count their worth : that country.England plays as yet a very distant Insult not greatness with ignoble pains ! second in the race to be hoaxed; but we are ourselves " Who, having sinned, late turns to penitence- the breeders of bathos, and already our own trumpery Release thou him in bondage of his vow : mystagogues.are busily preparingthe feeble-minded This is the way of Him that knoweth men." majority to welcome thecovetous decadents from the The king said : '' Sori, thy words fit golden times, East.Women, of course, arethe natural quarry of When men were tranquil, truthful-shame was law. theimpostors. It isonly since women beganto read Those days of pure report match not with ours. that mysteriettes havebecome popular as novelettes used I' At close of that bright age, words still sufficed ; to be ; only since women began to gad unrestrainedly, Next followed need for forfeiture and fine : have thesepreposterous charlatans, most of whom In this, our age, scarce death restrains the vile. deservedeportation, become thriving on theshillings '' The Crutis cast the thief from gods and men- andguineas .and hundreds of guineas of female Nothing to anyone, he may be slain. audiences. The recentjudgment given against the None butthe fool makes covenant withthieves! '9 wofullyfallen Theosophical Society will in allpro- Spake Satyavat : '' Men imitate, 0 king. bability paralyse the tentacles of this particular octopus, Not cruel laws, but noble conduct rules. though its dying spasms may be even more malignantly By naughtbut glancing, kings make honest men. directedthan those of thesuffragettes. But in our " Superior subjects imitate the king, opinion the influence over the feeble-minded of quacks And lesser men them that above be set : like Messrs. Yeats, Carpenter, and Tagore, is scarcely Men are thus formed to emulate the great. lesspernicious than the more audacious and despotic IfThat ruler's mocked who sins, yet judgeth sin- humbug of Mrs. Besant and Mr. Leadbeater. And Himself a slave to sense, is reft of power, thenthere is thisever-swelling crowd of minor And menpass laughing where he makes the law. jargonists,innumerable and persistent. Each gathers '' Listen, 0 king, to words of ancient fame. from the monstrous regiment of idle wives and spinsters A Brahmana endued with clernency- his orher littlefollowing. What?Why talk of idle The pity which is knowledge taught me thus : women only? Behold Miss Evelyn Underhill corn- I' The Kreta age of men is void of blame, pletely entetee with the grubbing reverence of our now The Treta age of sinful parts hath one ; In Dwapara by half all men are bad ; unrecognisableancient friend, "The Athenaeum," and thefrivolous parsons wh.0 have replacedin its pages " And Kali sees but one part good in all- E'en this through wickedness of rulers fails ourolden guides and philosophers. Oneis not in the Till but one sixteenth portion pure is found. leastamused t,o hear Miss Underhill parrottingthe mysteries or superblypronouncing upon the personal '' 0 Satyavat, though mercy shake thy throne, Consider still how short is human life, character of Jesus; the spectacle is greatly disgusting Consider still how weak is human strength, even in an age of considerable filth and of the crudest '' Consider how afflicted creeps this age. blasphemy. ButMiss Underhill,proud asthe pro- Manu, the Lord of Laws, compassionate, verbialPunch, expatiating in thehalfpenny press Hath set the learned way of ruth towards men." on experiences,and graciously introducing a fellow- 89 mystagogue, Mr. MauriceHewlett of “ruinousface, The“Nation” has been sayingthat Mr. Masefield ruinousface” fame in these columns, is somethingto has a genius for success. Pooh ! So have all the other provoke a legitimate smile.’Tis a mad world, my great advertisementagents. But there is no more re- masters ! lation between success in publicity and success in art than There is n’o defence forit save only theBrahma betweenthe merits of pill-advertisementsand pills re- weapon which, plainly, is Truth. This is that wonderful spectively. Infact, advertisement and art have never weapon that neutralisesfalsehood with all the hypo- gone together and never will. The advertised is always crisies, insolenoes and vanities accompanying falsehood. bad. At the game of advertisement, however, there will While so-called occultism is virulently working against alwaysbe many players, and they will competewith theminds of men, only a clearaccusation of the each other as artists will not. Last week, for example, charlatans employing it will be heard. If the accusation Mr. Tagore countermovedupon Mr. Masefield’s wall- is false it will fall to the ground. If the accusation is space by readinghis unpublishedplay “Chitra”(a true it will begin ti0 establish itstelf fromthe very “laav” story) to a select Kensington audience presided moment it is uttered. over by Sir Richard Stapley and attended by Mr. Mon- In the brief day of THEXEW AGE, how manypre- tagu-the former alately defeated Parliamentary can- tendershave we notseen compelled by anaccusation didateand the latter, I hear,the Under Secretary for to become what they really are? There yonder is Mr. India. I myself received an invitation,but my ears Shaw cheerfully flattering Suburbia; there is Mr. Mase- among other things, would not permit me to accept it. field, done with the silly nonsense of theclassics and They told me, truly enough, that they were not yet to seated at homeon th~e top of thebiggest midden in betrusted $0 judge in matters of literature.Without England; there is Mr. Maeterlinck, a boy of the bruising a good deal more training than mere education provides, world;there is Mr.Bennett writing for the “New our ears are much less reliable as critics of style than Statesman,”and there is Mr. Yeatsadorning his suc- our eyes. Abracadabra maybe madeto sound well; cessor’striumph; andwhat scores arethere not of as Mr.Ashby-Sterry once amusingly demonstrated in youngish Philistines, all flat and stale, who half believed a recitationwith the meaninglessrefrain : “TheFate that the seal of Art was broken, that raving, doggerel of theCapstan Bar.’’ I haveheard Mr. Yeatschant and fulsomenesswere about to pass handsomely with a “poem” in the voice of an oracle delivering the Sibyl- all the worldfor imagination,poetry and criticism. line books (as Reinhardt, at any rate, would present it), Whenthe truth has chancedto be said about a man and when I came afterwards to read the linesmyself, he becomes what he is. theimposition on my earswas exposed.Until, then, For this reason of the nature of truth, the critic must I can read with my ears as well as with my eyes they be forever alert to see the least sign. of good promise. shallmew their inexperiencein private practice. Mr. Less than thetruth will blight him in speakingit, Hewlett, by the way, about to follow Mr. Tagore’s though his judgment fail only from ignorance, as surely is example and to read his something or other somewhere as the deliberatelying of flatterersblights these. Ignorance is small excuse in cosmic law as in imitative or other. I shall have a word to say about Mr. Hewlett humanlaw. Time inexorabIy judgesthecritic’s in a minute. **-x- judgments. An oft-repeated prophecy of one of my colleagues is that we are on the eve of great satire in England. God send that we do not need it or give us courage to profit Readers and Writers. by it if we do ! Don’t: let us amuse ourselves with it or SINCE Strindberg’s death a year ago five of hisprose give it to our children to play within the nursery, as workshave been translatedand published in this we did in the case of Swift. The courageous thing to country, two volumes of his plays, and now Miss Lind- do with satire is to hate ourselves for it. My intention Hageby hasjust publishedhis life (Stanley Paul. in this note, however, is to record the fact that a writer 6s.). It is too much.Really Strindbergis not worth in the ‘*Nation” declared, apropos of Mr. Dyson’s car- so much of England’s precious attention.The merest toons in the“Daily Herald,” that satire has lately selection would amply satisfy the healthiest craving for changedin spirit and “returned to the expression of the works of I‘ Sweden’s greatgenius.” MissLind- contemptuoushate.” “In passing from ‘Max’ or af-Hageby’s “Life,” which I have just looked through, ‘F. C. G.’ to Dyson we passfrom the atmosphere of is no better than well-informed gossip about the man. the‘Rape of the Lock’ tothat of ‘TheDrapier’s The goodlady sub-entitles her work : “TheSpirit of Letters.”It may be so. Mr. Dyson iscertainly a Revolt” ; but,apart from the cant of Revolt with no satirist.But nobody has yet, I believe, tried to ‘mur- definition of its object, Strindberg was no revolutionary. der hi’m. He died, itappears, with adeclaration of hisfaith in *** the Bible on his lips-or is this an amiable epitaph? He For the anatomy of satire probably nobody has bet- lived, if it is true, in an even worse state of hypocrisy- teredthe classification of Goldwin Smith. ‘‘ There as .a Spirit of Revolt-for he wore a crucifix under his are,” he says, “three kinds of satire, corresponding to shirt. What wouldNietzsche have said of his disciple as manyviews of humanityand life; the Stoical, the had heknown this? I amreminded of Spinoza’scor- Cynical, andthe Epicurean. Of Stoicalsatire, with its respondencewith one Brandenburg, if I remember. strenuous hatred of vice and wrong, the type is Juvenal. After many letters had been intercharged and Spinoza Of Cynical satire,springing from bitter contempt of wasbecoming confidential, thewretch Brandenburg humanity,the type is Swift’s Gulliver’ . . . Of Epi- coolly remarked that of course he did not allow himself cureansatire, flowing from a contempt of humanity to speculateoutside the Catholicdoctrines ! Strind- which is not bitter, and lightly playing with the weak- berg’s “revolt” was similarly circumscribed ; and now nessand vanities of manhood,Horace is the classical that we know the facts they are obvious in hiswork. example.” Now that I have copied out the passage, He was always imitating somebody or other, or posing itdoes not seem so luminous. Mr. Dyson cannot,at beforehis own whims,or actuallygoing mad. His any rate, be placed in it. imitationswere feeble-witness hisHeinesque dithery- *** rambs which appeared in these columns last week-no Idid last week what 1 have neverdone before and reflection on Mr. Selver, who did his best ; or his cynical probablyshall never do again : I boughtand paidsix anti-feministstories. copied clumsily fromVoltaire, I shillings for and read a current issue of the “Edinburgh shouldjudge. His poses were numerous, but his chief Review.” It was Sydney Smith who really induced me was that of a European figure-in emulation, no doubt, toplunge in thisfashion ; for he wasone of the of Ibsenover the border. His madnesses I simply founders,indeed, the original inspiration, of theRe- cannotaway with. A geniushas no right to go mad view, and was its firstEditor. When he came,nearly without good reason; and Strindberg, I gather, had the fortyyears afterwards, t30 review the Review, hewas worst. able to write in this enviable strain : “To set on foot 90

sucha Journal in suchtimes (1802),,to contribute to- manner. ” ButHomer’s “grand manner” is a mere wards it for many years, to bear patiently the reproach trick. How, Mr.Sinclair asks, did Homer “secure” and poverty which it caused, and to look back and see his “effect”? “Simply by giving his heroes the centre that I have nothing to retract, and no intemperance and of the stage and by portraying them as unrestrained in violence to reproach myself with,is a career of life theiremotions and limitless in theirgreed.” Ah, now which Imust think to be extremely fortunate.” The we see it. Italiangrand-opera, says Mr.Sinclair. Pre- words must have struck a sympathetic chord in me for, cisely ; that’s the ticket ! Mr. Sinclair probably supposes as Isay, I boughta copy of the“Edinburgh” last his onslaught to be iconoclasm. It isn’t, it’s ignorance. week. Alas,how deceptive aresympathetic chords ! Y * x- The “Review” under Mr. Harold Cox is stodgy, with- The moment anart is on itsdeath-bed Leagues outideas or style. I amused myself,however, in play- areformed ostensibly bringto it to life, but ing on its articles the grammarian’s game : I solemnly actually t.0 give it burial. Thelatest League tookthe opening sentence of eachand analysed it to forthelatest art to expire(only temporarily, prove to my technicalmind that my tastewas not in I believe) theis“Drama League,” which was error. founded liast weekwith three avowed objects : It seems probable that there will be no further armed (T) Toprevent the untimelywithdrawal of pro- conflict in Europe as the immediate result of the Balkan mising plays; (2) ,to whip upmembers to attend when War. such plays are drooping in their box-offices ; (3) to form Thirteen weeks to produce that ! I could do it once a a library of dramatic literature. Of these three objects day with punctuality and dispatch. only*the thirdis practicable, the other two being as It isan accepted axiom of modern politics that each relevant to tiheoccasions when theirservices are State must be allowed to be the judge of what forces it needed as good advice to people who have no mind to needs for offence and defence. take it.A tinyhandful ol members.might be per- Fancy an “axiom” of that length coming after so brief suadedto attend a playfrom a sense of duty which an announcement. The sentence is wagged by its tail. they would n’ot attend from a sense sf pleasure or profit; There can be little doubt that criticism in England is but no theatre will be kept open a day longer by their apt to give a preponderating eminence to the prose-writer sacrifices. And who, is to indicatethe plays which are who weaves his texture out of his own emotions and re- worththese efforts? T’he committee, I suppose. And flections, as did the founders of the British Essay, Bacon what plays will thLy recommend? Their own, of course, and Cornwallis. But if theirplays ar,e not a public success to-day how That isMr. Gosse,and howfallen since before he will making them a private success assist matters? The edited the “Daily Mail” “literary” page ! Preponderat- drama for the moment is dead; the music-halls and the ing eminence-apt to give-weaves his texture-Bacon cinemashave completed the work of destructionthat and Cornwallis ! Besides, thepurport of the whole is realism and Reinhardt began. To revive it, we do not trivial. need to band ourselves in Leagues and swear to attend It is alike the despair and thme solace of human exist- itscorpses and lie themliving. The play’sstill the ence that we can divine little moi’e from the world of men thing,and a new dramatist will arise so soon as the or books or of solitude than what we bring to them. (Mr. Leagues are out of the way. This is aprophecy. Walter de la Mare, lately crowned with a purse by some society or other.) n When a great man dies it is always a matter for con- If one obscurelittle paper calls another obscure siderationwhether his work has been so fardependent little paper “a certain undistinguished weekly,” refuses on his personality that it will die with him, or whether to name it, and then “would like to enter a vigorous it has been built on such a foundation of sound principle protest” (if only it could) “against the coarseness that thatits permanence may be regarded as assured,sub- passes in the latter under the heading of ‘Reviews, ’ ” ject tothe changing needs of each day and generation. I seethe “Academy” girding on itsfountain-pen and Thelast is a model of badstyle and shouldbe rushingfrom a fray with-well, with the “ Peebles placed on the cover of the “Edinburgh Review’’ for the Courier,” say ! Only,the “Academy,” by itsquota- emulation of itscontributors. I wish I had my six tion of adelectable passage,seems to have in mind shillings back again, or that Sydney Smith were alive. THENEW AGE. Touche, I chivalrouslycry, Touche ? **it feltI the“Academy’s” retreating ink spatter my Though something of an eleutheromaniac, I decline to colleagues. accept the current conception of Liberty as it applies to *** literature-thatanybody may expressan opinionon Imade occasion a fortnightago to mention Miss anything and everybody shall say no more than : “How EvelynUnderhill’s “work” onmysticism. Her review interesting !” wouldI not (publicly) go so far in of Mr.Hewlett’s new work,also mystical, “The Lore honesty as Ruskin, who thought his word on art should of Proserpire,” which appeared in the“Daily News” be taken as a doctor’s is taken on medicine ; though, un- lastweek, confirmsmy estimate of t,hepair of them. like the “ Athenaeum,” I see no amazing presumption in Great is Mr. Hewlett,and MissUnderhill is now his that. But there are definitely persons who have not only Prophet.That mysticism of the modern sort is tbe no title to dictate, but none even to speak on the subject last refuge of Romanticism I can well believe; but I of literature. And Mr. UptonSinclair is one of them. shouldnever have believed that mysticism, even in On the whole, I think, little Americans should be seen Mr. Hewlett’s mind, would have been confusedwith andnot heard. “An American to excel, ” saidHenry comicflapdoodle. I havenot read the “Lore of James, “has just ten times as much to learn as a Euro- Proserpine,”and I do not intend to readit. Since a pean” ; and Mr. Upton Sinclair 1s still among the minus certainpassage in Mr. Hewlett’s“Forest Lovers”-a quantities. In the “New Statesman,” however, he has book thatwas born ina nightand died in a day-I been “revealing his individuality” on the subject of the have read nothing of Mr. Hewlett’s, not, that is to say, classics generally, and of Homer in particular, conclud- read. The quotations of MissUnderhill are quite suffi- ing the whole performance with an astonishing display cient of Mr.Hewlett’s “Prossy.” The book “offers of alist of thegr-r-eatest writers (inhis judgment) us a profound philosophy, a new vision of the world.” living or dead. Withthese I am,of course, not con- Doesit indeed? Deary me ! Theauthor “relates how cerned;but nobody sh.ould write of Homerafter the a gentlemankept a fairy in hisdog-run.” Poor dog ! manner of Mr. Upton Sinclair without hearing more of “Man’s soul,which Bunyan thoughta city, is likened it. Homer,then, you will be pleased to know, by Mr. Hewlett to a housedivided intothree flats.” is, in little America’sopinion, over-rated by How urbane to be sure ! Out of une of the windows he the culturedthe classes in Europe. EnglandIn saw trees like “ slim grey persons,” and the spirits of above all he is no more than“what the top- theair “darken the sky as red wings in theautumn hat is tothe British world sartorially,”that is to fields.” Well, as Alice said,Inever heard it before, say,a shiny,hollow, useless fraud. Matthew Arnold but it sounds uncommonnonsense. Which reminds hypnotised us all by his phrase of Homer’s “grand me. 91

When Mr.Yeats and Mr. EdwardCarpenter (the capable of receiving proper benefit from the instruction story has been told in THENEW AGE before) first met in ordinary schools.” It is for the sake of a definition theirconversation fell upon theFabian Society,and like this, which may mean anything, that we are asked afterwards-suchis eclecticism-upon fairies.Mr. to empower local authorities “to ascertain what persons Yeats had told Mr. Carpenter that he (Carpenter) was within their area are defectives subject to be dealt with the spiritual successor of the Fabian Society, destined under this Act otherwise than at the instance of their to supersede it;and to compensate himself forthis parents or guardians” ; inother words, to give them compliment Mr. Yeatsventured to bespeakMr. Car- theright of entryto, search and examination of the penter’sinterest in Irish fairies. He relatedhow once homes of the lower classes. What is feeble-mindedness? upon atime he was walking in a birchwood, I think ‘‘Mentaldefectiveness notamounting to imbecility. ” itwas, in Irelandand saw-emerge-from behind a Whatis mental defectiveness? A state in which per- tree-a bright figure--of a being-who mighthave sons “require care, supervision, and control” ; a state been a god ! Mr.Carpenter remarked very drily- which, it may be genially confessed, we are all in when for he has humour under his free rhythm : “Well, let’s we wantour own way withthings. Yet, after all, the hope it’s not quite true !” I know, by the way, that the brain is the organof the mind ; and, as thephysiologists story is correct, for I was there. say, “reflex action is the type of all nervous action, and ** * the basis of allpsychic activity” ; and before we can I do not need to hope that Mr. Hewlett’s stories of contemplatethe surrender of any of our liberties we “slim,grey persons” and “red wings” are not quite need somesuch amendment as that suggested by Dr. true. They cannot be or he dared not tell them, could Hollander. “ ‘And whopresent such physical signs of not tell them, in his fashion. Or, if they aretrue, he abnormality or disease as to make it certain that their hadbetter see a doctor. Spiritualexperiences demand mentaldefect is an organic one,’ or words to that silence or command language. They cannot be related effect,” isDr. Hollander’s proposed amendment; and in terms of dog-runsand busy flats. And to Miss it would at least have the effect of making medical men Underhill thestory shouldbe told of the reply of the diagnosepathological conditions of thebrain or body young initiate who was asked about what he felt when beforecertifying, instead of merely expressing an un- the “Truth” was revealed to him. “A fool,” hesaid, favourable opinion of the habits and thoughts of their “fornot having seen itbefore.” The most esoteric fellows. thing in the world is commonsense; the most simple, the If doctors were compelled thus to diagnose, it is not mostobvious, and the most incommunicable. All true inconceivable that they might discover that quitea Mysticism is summed up in it. The rest is vapours when large number of cases would be susceptible of cure. I is nothing it is worse. R. H. C. have, inprevious articles, mentioned the possibilities of brain surgery, and of the psychical treatment of in- sanity; and the necessity ,of diagnosing feeble-minded- ness,instead of merelycertifying it, would probably Views and Reviews. havethe effect of settingdoctors to workto discover THEnew Mental Deficiency Bill raisesonce again the similarcurative methods. But it is quitecertain that whole question of the present social utility of what is this Bill domesnot contemplate any such possibility; the called “PracticalEugenics.” The Eugenists have physiologicalknowledge of the doctor, if, on thissub- proved to their own satisfaction that feeble-mindedness ject, he has any, is of less authority than the physiolo- is hereditary and incurable ; and by the use of pedigrees, gical ignorance of the judicialauthority. The county and much babble of the Mendelian law, they have con- courtjudge, or police or stipendiarymagistrate, may vinced those people who like apparently easy solutions correct the doctor’s diagnosis merely of the class of de- of complex problems that segregation (for the purpose fective(idiot, imbecile, feeble-minded, ,or moral imbe- of preventing the procreation of “unfit”people) is the cile), if the judicial authority is satisfied that the person onlyremedy. But if we areto be scientific, we must is a defective. know what feeble-mindedness really is; definition is the Here at the outset we part company from the half- very condition of the precise thinking that real science educatedpeople who aretrying to forcethis measure demands. We learn from Eugenic literature, and from throughParliament. We do notknow what feeble- the definition that the Home Secretary has adopted in mindedness is in the physiological meaning of the word, this Bill, that feeble-mindedness has no connection with and we cannot accept any remedy without a diagnosis. a state of the brain ; indeed, no physical symptoms are The feeble-mindednessmay be dueto accident,and ever mentioned, it is thought sufficient to state that the amenable tobrain surgery; to auto-intoxication, and person is poor, or ,objectionable, or incapable of receiv- amenable to medical treatment; but we cannot accept ing proper benefit fromthe teaching in elementary the assumption that all cases of feeble-mindedness are schools.Always theEugenists offer us socialsymp-‘ dueto a lower type of brain,denoting a degenerate toms, instead of organic signs of mental defects. stock, and that the only remedy is segregation for life. Dr. Bernard Hollander, writing in the current number We cannot accept as proof of feeble-mindedness the fact of “The British Review,” says : “Considering that the that awoman has illegitimatechildren, and receives definitionsin theoriginal Government measure were poor relief during her periods of maternity ; we cannot those of the Royal College of Physicians,.and had to accept the fact that a man has been in prison, or is on be amended by Members of Parliament, it is perfectly trial,or is undergoingimprisonment, as presumptive evidentthat so longas experts, as presumablythose evidence that he is feeble-minded, as he would certainly who madethe definitions are,cannot define Mental seem to be from the definition without Dr. Hollander’s Deficiency in a ‘medical’and ‘psychological’ andnot amendment.These are not the comparatively simple merely ina ‘social’ sense, the Bill must be premature, facts of medical diagnosis : they are the highly compli- however much we may agree with the intentions of its cated symptoms of a social state that really is not quite promoters. For to administer the Rill, the Government perfect.Even thesystem of education in ordinary must rely on its medical experts, yet expert knowledge schools is not an effective test of mental power, it prob- withreference tothe wholesubject of feeble-minded- ably makes more fools than it instructs, and the power ness, especially with reference to the higher grades, is of apprehensionis so various in children that prizes still in its rudiments.” ought to be awarded for mere incompetence to receive We ‘mustlook atthe definition tounderstand this “proper benefit fromtheinstruction in ordinary objection. “Feeble-minded persons; that is to say, per- schools . ’’ sons in whose case there exists from birth or from an Segregation, it,must be insisted,is not cure. If a early agemental defectiveness not amounting to im- disease is notdiagnosed by statingits social effects, becility, yet so pronounced that they require care, super- neither is it cured by prescribing a social remedy. The vision, and control for their own protection or for the social effect of cancer,for example, is frequently protection of others, or.. in the case of children, are in- poverty ; but you cannotcure cancer by prescribing 92

maintenance for cancerouspatients. Feeble-minded- ness may or may not be the cause of most of the crime, Ethics.* immorality,and poverty that, at present, are so ex- By William Marwick. pensive to the nation; butit is not so clear that itis “THE endof all moralspeculations, ” wroteDavid lessexpensive tothe nation to call these people “de- fectives,” orthat the cure is toprevent them from Hume, “is to teach us our duty, and, by proper repre- breeding.For if, in thetime of QueenElizabeth, of sentations of the deformityof vice and beauty of virtue, begetcorresponding habits, and engage us to avoid every I ,000 people born five werehanged (a pro- portionpractically equivalent tothe incidence of in- the one and embrace the other. But is this ever to be sanity in modern England), yet crime did not decrease, expected from inferences and conclusions of the under- segregation will only bemore expensive and no less standing, which of themselveshave no hold of the futile. And who, we may askat this point, arethe affections, or set in motion the active powers of men? people eontempfated by thisAct? Mr. McKenna has They discover truths; but where the truths which they stated that “it must be borne in mind that ta a con- discover are indifferent and beget no desire or aversion, siderable extent the feeble-minded homes would be sup- theycan have no influence on conduct and behaviour. porting.” May wesuggest that the feeble-minded are Whatis honourable,what is fair, what is becoming, persons who could support themselves, but will not, or whatis noble, whatis generous, takes possession of cannot,provide surplusvalue, either for capitalists or the heart, and animates us to embrace and maintain it. What is intelligible, what is evident, what is probable, officials? Dr. Hollander mentions the fact that none of what is true,procures only the cool assent of the the existing homes are self-supporting ; that the labour understanding, and, gratifying a speculativecuriosity, of the inmates reduces the expenditure by only six per puts an end to our researches.” This paragraph from cent.Obviously, Mr. McKennaiscontemplating a the firstsection of Hume’s“Inquiry Concerning the different type of defective, as, indeed, the very wording Principles’ of Morals” seems to me, in its closing sen- of anotherclause suggests. In providing apenalty of tence, an apt description of thelittle manual that the two years’imprisonment for abuse of a female defec- Cambridge lecturer in MoralScience has produced for tive, the Bill says : “unless he proves that hedid not the Home University Library. Its defect is an intellec- know andhad no reasonable grounds for suspecting tualism which “gratifying an intellectual curiosity, puts that the female was such a defective as aforesaid.” It an end to our researches.” It may be a goodmanual is obvious, then, that people will be under “care, super- forexamination purposes. It isclearly, simply, and vision, andcontrol” who are just like any ordinary ably written, but it seems to me to be singularly lacking person ; and a man who is even less skilled in diagnosis in the power to make Ethics a subject of living practi- of feeble-mindedness thandoctors are in its definition cal interest, or to give any guidance in thediscussion may become a criminal simply because his love outruns (I donot say the solution) of thoseethical problems the lady’s discretion. This is the American idea of im- that confront us everyday of ourlives in the home, prisonment for fornication ; and if this clause is passed, themarket place,the school, and the’ university,in and it has the effect that is intended, we may expect an nationaland international affairs, in questions of race increase of functionalnervous disorders due to un- and religion ; in a word, the ethical relations of human- natural suppression of instinct. ity at large. To make quite clear what I mean, let me The objections to the Bill in detail are manifold, but instancethe ethical questions involved in theWhite I can onlymention one. At present,the plea of in- SlaveTraffic Bill, e.g., that of flogging, so ablydis- sanitycan rarely save a manconvicted of acapital cussed in thesecolumns in the issues of October 24 and November 7, orthe ethicalproblems raised by the crime ; underthis Bill, there is not a charge inwhich war in theBalkans, 01‘ in theapparently purely eco- theplea of feeble-mindedness may notbe successful. nomicthesis of Mr. Norman Angell’s book, “The the case of the poore classes, the result would be In GreatIllusion,” that war is futile. In an earlierbook segregation for life ; in the case of the upper classes, he hadmade an effort to state the problem in ethical of course, a guardian would be appointed,and the terms, and a recent interview in “The Christian Com- personleave the court, and return to libertywith no monwealth’’(November 13) makes it clear that in the more supervision than can beexercised by a companion. latter, though he relies on purely economic arguments, The legalreactions of this Bill are incalculable, and the problem is fundamentally a moral issue. What must cause much confusion in the administration of the helpdoes Mr. Moore’sbook on “Ethics”give to the law; but I may leave these details to the lawyers. discussion (I do not say, the; solution) of anymoral It is better to confine criticism to the principles of the issue before Parliament or before Europe? None at all Bill, and it is clear that without a precise defintion of that I can see, and I have read the book from cover to feeble-mindedness the provisions of the Bill nay apply cover, not only to gratify speculative curiosity, but aIso to anybody. It is clear that the remedy is not a remedy ; in the hope of finding a practical illustration of Hume’s that segregation of the feeble-minded will no more pre- dictum that “the end of all moral speculations is to teach vent feeble-mindedness than incarceration of the insane us our duty.” preventsinsanity. It shouldalso be clear that the fact But I desire to be absolutely fair to Mr. Moore, and I of segregation will have the same effect on medical men shalllet him state in his own wordsthe questions he in the case of feeble-mindedness as in insanity ; it will wished to . discussand has discussed. I did not act like a blinker on them, and unconsciously prohibit quotefrom Hume’s “Inquiry into the Principles of any research into the causes or the possibilities of the Morals ” only to bar discussion of fundamental ethical cure of feeble-mindedness. Segregationis aconfession questions in favour of quick and easy solutions of con- of failure, and is not itself a cure; and if on no other, crete problems. “Ethical philosophers,” he says, “have on these grounds it should be opposed. For our know- been largelyconcerned, not with laying down rules ledge of the brain is comparatively recent, and is by no to the effect that certain ways of acting are generally or means complete : it dates back only tu Gall, perhaps to alwaysright, and others generally or alwayswrong, Swedenborg, about 150 years ago. For ordinary doctors nor yet with giving lists of things which are good and it does not go much beyond Broca : and it is absurd to others which are evil, but with trying to answer more put an embargo on further research by such a palpably general and fundamental questions such as the follow- inept social remedy as segregation. Doctors, atleast, ing. What, after all, is it that we mean to say of an should resist the Bill by all the means in their power ; action when we say that it is right or ought tobe done? it would be a disgrace to the medical profession to allow And what is it that we mean to say of a state of things a handful of quack sociologists to usurp the prerogative when we say that it is good or bad? Can we discover of healing. Readers of THENEW AGE will not need to any general characteristic, which belongs in common to - -.-.- . be told that this Bill is only a means of preparing the * “Ethics.” By G. E. Moore, Home University Servile State; and there I ma^. leave the matter for the Library of Modern Knowledge. (London : Williams and moment. A. E. R. Norgate. 1912 93 absolutelyall right actions, no matter how different from theories, I think everyone would naturally take- they may be in other respects? And what does not be- namely, that there are an immense variety of different long to any actions except those which are sight? . . . things, all of which are intrinsically good; andthat, Thereis . . . no suchconsensus of opinionamong though all these things may perhaps have somechar- expertsabout these fundamental ethical questions, as acteristics in common, theirvariety is so greatthat there is aboutmany fundamental propositions in theyhave none which, besides being common to them Mathematicsand the Natural Sciences ” (pp. 9 and all,is also peculiar to them-that is to say, which IO). Bergson has remarked that“it has not been never belongs to anything which is intrinsically bad or enough noticed how feeble is the reach of deduction in indifferent. All that I thinkcan be done . . . is to the psyohological and moralsciences. From a prop- classify some of the chief kinds of each, etc. . ..But I sition verified by facts, verifiable consequences can here have not space to attemptit here ” (p. 249). This, he be drawn only up to a certain point, only in a certain thinks is one of the mostprofitable things which can measure. Very soon appeal has to be made to common be done in ethics. It is a pityhe did not attempt this sense, that is to say to the continuous experience of the “neglected” subject, and leave the less profitable alone. real, in order to inflict theconsequences deduced and bend them along the sinuosities of life. Deduction suc- ceeds in things moral only metaphorically, so to speak, REVIEWS. andjust in the measure. in which the moralis trans- posable into the physical, I should say translatable into Fatuous Fables. By Denis Turner. (Fifield. 2s. 6d. spatialsymbols” (“Creative Evolution,” Eng. Tr., p. net.) 224). Without ,discussingthe passage, I simply quote 0 unwelcome bard, be off. it to call attention to what he says about appeal need- There was a certain millionaire Whose life was very full of care. ing to be made “ to the continuous experience of the There was a man who worshipped fame : real ” ; and it seems futile and a beating of the air to I cannot recollect his name. discuss even fundamental ethical questions, “to realise There was a man who . . . and distinguish clearly from one another the most im- portant of the different views which may be held about Runaway, run away, the Royal LiteraryThingamy thesematters” without constant reference to man’s yawnsfor you. continuous experience of the real.” My point will be New Poems. By D. S. Shorter. (Maunsel. IS. net.) made still clearer if I refer to what Dr. Bernard Bosan- One set of three verses, “The Poisoned Arrow,” has quet calls ‘‘the truly obvious’’-‘ ‘the principle--or tru- some claim to be called a minor poem. ism if you like”-with which hebegan his Gifford Lectureson“The Principle of Individualityand Songs of Childhood. By M. Lawrence. (Grant Value,” “that in our attitude to experience, or through Richards. IS. 6d. net.) experience to our worid, we are to take for our stan- And otherverses, we must add, in quoting the dardwhat man recognises as valuewhen his life is mature line : “ God I I am lonely !” Parlour-verse for fullest and his soul at its highest stretch.” Of course, the most part with many yores and befores and much the criticmurmurs that all theseterms of rankand halting rhythm- value merely begthe question. But Bosanquet was Love comes but once in his own regal guise, only urging by anticipation “that there are in life cen- Once in a life we shrine his Majesty. tral anddominant experiences, whose importanceis The songsof children are sophisticated thingsenough- obviousand undeniable, but whichseldom find due I do not understand the world recognition in the formal philosophy of other than the For I am very new, greatestmen” (p. 4). “You donot, for example,” he I only wish the People saw adds, “readily find represented in philosophical doctrine Things from my point of view, so largeand free an impression of the world as has By the way (nothing to do with this review), we read recentlybeen gathered by a giftedstudent of Shake- somewhere or other an effusion by Mr. Richard Buxton, speare. . . .”+ “The phenomena, as we redly recog- something about “Just that half-hour before you go to nise them,are like those of beautyand ugliness; you bed, fold close, your something hands and dumti dum,” cannot divide them between this side and that, and say and she was to repeat all the love words he had said to ‘Lo here !’ or ‘Lothere !’ You haverather to open hertliat day and not mind if the great poets scoffed your eyes to the higher obvious, and look at the greater at his babble-hewas too youngto be able to say experiences asthey are. . You cannot, perhaps, things decently althoughhe could say,and had said, . . “strong words and naked, brutal, stiff and stark,” with ‘solve the problem.’ ” But you can see that the whole belongs together in a way which our prima facie judg- all the ardour of his nature, and was very pleased not to know “the secret arts of lovingand being loved.” ments wholly fail toconfront. So with“good” and A lad who should get on ! “evil”in the universe.Such experiences as Mora1 Good,Pleasure, Justice, take you onlya certain way. Immanence. By E. Underhill. (Dent. 4s. 6d. net.) With the best of logic you cannot make a universe out The first verses proclaim the Creator as adjuring all of them ; or, more truly, the best of logicrefuses to things great and being much concerned about the small handlethese alone. Thematter must be of higher ones, Love’shour, featherymotherhood, and so on. quality, or it will notgive rise to the fullerform. So In “Stigmata,” Christ or another Master is addressed the higher, yet obvious and dominant, experience car- as “ My Dear.” riesyou at least as far as, for example,strength and “ Invitatory” is a plea and a promise from God to a endurance,love and sacrifice, themaking and the mortal soul. “Dear child ! my Sisterand my Bride, achievement of souls.” This,it seems to me, isthe dearHeart, poor wearied one” are a few of the most fruitfulway to approach the study of ethical Almightyinvocations; andthe soulis promised “Her problems. “Simplyto beright, as the greatest men Lover and her God.” Why ever were women allowed to are right, means to have traversed hundreds and thou- know anything about the soul? They will never make sands of ingenuities,to have rejected themas inade- anything of a mystery except an excuse for an orgy. quate, and come back to the centre enriched by their In Lavender Covers. By Dermot Freyer.(Glaisher. negative results ” (op. cit.,p. 7). IS. net.) To returnto Ms. Moore’s ‘‘ Ethics,” I shallquote Casual stuff, the rejection of which by many editors from his closing chapter on “ Intrinsic Value ” a pas- with greatpromptitude and politeness, Mr. Freyer sage that illustrates the futility of his method and also believes to be sufficient justification€or publishing in his irritating use of italics : “The fact is, that the view book form. Our poet is content, he says, to be a man which seems to me to be true is the one which, apart with theheart of a child.However, children can behold a girl without rhyming about the proud promise - A. C. Bradley. “Shakespearean Tragedy,” p. 246. of her strange sweets to be, and they don’t discourse of 94 full-blooded love,pulsing and virginal; a quaint lie. was no porter at Maple Creek station to carry his bag we also, borrowinghis cliche, rejectMr. Freyer’s to a hotel? The discovery is solemnly recorded, and “third trespass with great promptitude and politeness. istypical of these“confessions.” The book tells of the author’s experiences in Canada as a cattle-rancher, Verses. By E. Waterhouse.’ (Methuen. 2s: net.) of his trip to England on a cattle boat, of hisreturn In windy winter, 0 my love, my love, toCanada and his “beating” out West, of a trip to I seek the spot where most I think of thee. theSouth Sea Islandsand to Australia, and of his H’m. settlement inQueensland as a grower of pineapples. But where, where, where The book conveyslittle information concerningthese Is the child so dear to me, Withthe silken-golden hair places; the author took himself wherever he went, .and Who sobbed upon my knee? his readersare as incapable of shaking him off. Mr. Where, where,where is the art whichalone could Stockmust have forgotten that a personalrecord is justify publishing feelings of this sort? interesting inproportion to the interestattaching to theperson; and that,to people whoknow nothing of Helen of Troy. By Sara Teasdale. (Knickerbocker Mr. Stock, his bookwould be equallysuperfluous. Press. 5s.) Thereare two principal reasons for writing a book ; Advertisement of the “New7 York Times’ ” opinion : one is to convey information, the other is the applica- “Authenticaccent of genius. . . . sufficient poetry in tion of literary skill to knowledge already obtained with this small book to furnish forth a hundred volumes.” theintention of revealing its significance.Mr. Stock For never woman horn of man and maid Is not .a learned person, and he is certainly not .a literary Had wrought such havoc on the earth as I man, in spite of hisjournalistic work in Sydney. He From “ Erinna” :- hashad nothing but a few experiences which might They sent you in to say farewell to me, happento anybody, and his proper place is among No do not shakeyour head ; I see your eyes. . . the six-shillingnovelists. There,at feast, his imper- From “The Wayfarer” :- fections would seem natural,perhaps evenglorious as examples of his“realism.” Among the half-guinea Love entered in my heart one day A sad, unwelcome guest, travel book writershe is an interloper; and even his But when he begged that he might stay, eighty-five illustrations will not make him anything but I let him wait and rest. a “ tenderfoot” in literature.The letterpress is the From “Youth .and Pilgrim” :- sort of stuff thatStevenson might have dashed off in. Gray pilgrim, yott have journeyed far, a letter, but it lacks all Stevenson’s skill and occasional I pray you tell to me grace of expression. You hadbetter grow pineapples, IS there a land where Love is not, Mr. Stock; there are critics of literature about. By shore of any sea ? Authentic accent of fiddlestick ! The Ring of Nature. By G. G.. Desmond. (Methuen. 5s. net.) Poems to Pavlova. By A. T. Cull.(Perkins.) This is a book of twenty-four chapters, two for each These verses, among modern verse probably the most month of the year, and four illustrations that have no skilful of theirartificial order,have no more than obviousconnection with the narrative. We suppose SO much to recommendthem. Poetical progress is that Gilbert White began it, and we gather’from Mr. unlikely from so decorative a beginning. Desmond’sreferences to boy scoutsthat there is a: section of thereading public that is interestedin Akademie;Revue Socialisticka. Duben, 1913 Nature. Anyhow,Mr. Desmond has published the (Aprll, 1913.) Price, 40 heller (4d.) record of the observation of what happened during one This is a monthlyreview of Sociaiism issued at year, and has given us a good idea of what we may Prague in the Czech language.The fact that it is expect to see and hear if we become skilful enough ta underthe editorship of F;. V. Krejci, a well-known walk through thee country without making a smell or a literarycritic, attestsitsgeneral excellence. The noise Mr. Desmondcertainly avoids the laboured present number contains in its forty pages half a dozen incompmhensibility of thescientist; indeed, when he articleson economic and sociological subjects. Frant. forgets his imaginary human companions, his narrative Modracekwrites of thelamentable condition of becomesinteresting. But his attempts to makeit in- Austrian finances. V. Dvorak of the“present terestingare unnatural, which is the severest con- theatricalcrisis”; this refers to the serious pecuniary demnation of a Nature lover. The scheme of the book losses thathave been incurredduring the past few certainly addsclarity to amateurobservations of months by a largenumber of foreigntheatres. The Nature; each chaptertells what may be seen during writersees tlheremedy in the formation of popular a fortnight, if one is lucky enough to live near a green stage societiessuch as have alrea,dy gained ground in field, a spinney, and runningwater. Even Hyde Park Berlin andVienna. E. Stern deals with Collectivism in lends itself toobservation, and Mr.Desmond’s book its various aspects, while Dr. A. Schulzconcludes sn may be recommended tothose who neverwent bird article on agrarian matters as they affect German social nesting in their youth, and are sorry for it. democracy. A. Broz showsan intimate knowledge of the Trades Union movement in England and the chief Shakespeare as Pan-Judge of the WOrId By figuresassociated with it. Finallythere is aninstal- Charles Downing. (ShakespearePress. 2s. net.) merit in Czech translation of “ Socialism and the middle God bless thecommentators ! “ ‘Fair,kind, and classes,” by H. G. Wells. The various notes on poli- true,’is all my argument,”said Shakespeare in the tical, economic, and socialisticevents survey awide Sonnets.This means that Shakespeare has declared field. himself as at onewith Beauty, Truth, and LOW. Onthe literary side may be mentioneda tale by When be said : “You are my all the world” he meant Anatole France, and the review of a detailed study by that his ideal was identical with the All of Nature; and J. Vondracek of the poetry of Petr Bezruc. It will thus presented himself as “Pan alive againwith the perhaps be remembered thattranslations from his re- Renaissance.”Therefore The Society of the Shake- markable “Songs of Silesia,” appeared in THE NEW spearean Reconciliation” has been formed for the pur- AGE about two years ago. pose of proving to the world that Shakespeare was not Confessions of a Tenderfoot. By Ralph Stock. only a poet, but was also “a supreme manifestation of (GrantRichards. 10s 6d. net.) the Divine.” TheSonnets declare him as Pan; “The Why do people write hooks? “Some play the devil, Tempest” presents him “as at one with the Moral Law and thenwrite a novel,”said Byron. Others play the of Nature, and with the Moral Spirit of Love, in judg- fool, and then write confessions; but what confession ! ment of the world; thus as Judge of the world with Is it of world-wide importance(and therefore worthy the Reformation.” Behold ! We are witnessingthe of publication that Mr. Stock did not know that there birth of another “Chicago religion.” . 95

world, and of which the section of pictorial art is only Art. a small and neglected part. The Hundred and Forty-Fifth Royal Academy. It is this “system” which is pictured at the Academy in theportrait, genre pictures and landscapes. And By Anthony M. Ludovici. to escape from such a place with a condemnation of the NOBODYcould be more desirous than I to praise and to subject-picture on your lips, would be as shallow as to findsome ray of hopeand promise for the future in takeyour leave of a hugemodern lunatic asylum by tshe exhibitions of theRoyal Academy. Saywhat you uttering a curse upon theunfortunate inmates. will aboutit, it is after all, thestronghold of many Themanner in which most other picture-shows things which are sacred to the true lover of art. And, I wriggleout of this difficulty of blandly -portraying believe, that it is precisely because it is the stronghold modernity,is by beingless naif, less unconscious, less of many t’hings which are traditionally sacred, that the successful,less certain that they ar,e right,and there- public, who are the stronghold of tradition flock there fore less confident in modernity, thanthe Academy in such numbers.They know that there, and perhaps paintersare : itis not ’by beingmore artistic by any there alone nowadays, they will find what they under- means ! These are important considerations, especially stand by a“picture”-that is to say,something of when one is standing in the porch of Burlington House, human interest which has awakened the love if not the wondering why on earth one deigned ever to enter the passion of a painter,and whichhe has selected and terribleplace at all. communicatedto them inside a goldframe. And they There are, of course, some pictures which are so bad, areright. This is what they get, moreor less. Or at so hopelessly, irretrievably rotten, that they would dis- any rate, in their opinion, it is the nearest approach to grace a collection even very much inferior to the present this which our age can give them. Royal Academy; such, for instance, taken at random, are Now, believing ,the public to be right in their uncon- Mr. Adrian Jones’s “Earl Roberts’’(No. 445), W. S. J.’s sciousexpression of a long traditional taste, what are “Tranquillity” (No. 291), Mr.William M. Palin’s the precious things precisely of which the Royal “ Mother and Child atPlay” (No. 329), W. H. Mar- Academy is the stronghold ? They are two : the subject getson’s“An Ill Omen” (No. 394) and anumber of picture and technical finish. others which will announcethemselves ostentatiously Well may the true picture lover cry, “Que faites vous enough to any one who has eyes to see. While I think danscette galere?” whenhe seesthese two precious (of it,however, there is one other, that shouldbe in- things in such hands, an,d often in such company. But cludedin this category, and that is the appalling por- this,after all, is beside my point. If weregard the trait of “Lesley and Rosalie,” daughters of J. L. Til- tradition of asubject picture assacred, and we value lotson, Esq. (No. 594), by Maud Hall Neale. I feel er- finish, willy-nilly we mustadmit that both of these tain that no two children ever looked so self-conscious thingsnow have their headquarters atthe Royal and bare-faced as these two unfortunate little girls do. Academy. Y\ou suggest, perhaps, that it is as if the re- Poor kids !-they are probably quite pretty and charm- suscitated bodies of two of our most revered personali- ing ; for there are signs of incompetence about the pic- ties in history-say Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Straf- ture which forceone to give the benefit of thedoubt ford,and Colbert-were foundhiding in aslum in to the sitters rather than to their painter. Whitechapel.Certainly, itis very cmuch thesame And now let me take breath, before disposing of the thing. But I would add that it is probably in the most most painful part of‘my present duty. Any one would dreadful company and in the most uninviting surround- think,from the way one is reviled when one re- ings that the best things are to be found to-day. viles, that it is a task one enjoys. As a matter of fact, Therefore,desperate as you mayfeel, while you are nothing is moreunpleasant. I believe thatsometimes descendingthe staircase leading down fromthe vesti- a critic is base enough to work off an old grudge in a bule, after your inspection of the pictures; ashamed as criticism. In that case,maybe, a certain pleasant feel- you undoubtedly are to have held communion with two ing of relief isobtained atthe cost of decency. But, of yourmost revered friends (in the graphic arts) in on the whole,even the most irresponsible wasp must sucha place !-with youreyes dazzled tothe point find it more pleasant to go about gathering honey, than of anguish,and with ablush ‘of righteousindignation to be perpetually stinging. on your cheek, you will still have to acknowledge that It was not only with sorrow, but with genuine alarm you are both pained and blushing because your friends that Iinspected the portrait of “Their Majesties The are there : not becausethey are absent. Kingand Queen, and Their Royal HighnessesThe I knowit is terrible. Because, when you haveto Prince of Walesand The PrincessMary,” by Mr. shake hands with your venerable old comrades in such Lavery, A.R.A. I thinkit positively awful. Words picturesas Nos. 95 (Charity), go (TheLittle Mother), fail me. I confess Iexpected little, but I realised less. 125 (Love’sGarden), 129 (TheDarkened Room), 211 Wih’ere is the feeling, the sense, the je ne sais poi of (The Autumn), 324 (At the Lawyer’s), 542 (Out of it) ; Royalty here?What has the artist given to hissub- youfeel tempted to say to yourself : “I wouldprefer ject?Nothing ! & hastaken heaps away from it. not to meetthem !” Quiteright, perhaps ! And yet, Devoid of allgenerosity, of allrichness and all Idon’t know. Badas these pictures are, nauseating splendour, this is beneath even mere transcriptism. One and putrid as is their sentiment, soulless an,d spiritless canonly say, the pity of it ! If I hadnot seen their as is theirtechnique, personally I preferthem a Majesties I should have refrained from uttering a word thousand times to the filthy anarchy of the Cubists, the about this picture. But-well, I think the lesssaid the Futuristsand the Independents. And in thismatter soonestmended. I have thce public with me, and, thank Heaven, I have But dlo not let yourself be carried awayby the thought more of thelower than of the middleclasses on my that a commission of this sort involves insuperable diffi- side ! For large numbers of the middle classes are be- culties. We know it is difficult-everybody knows it is ginning to turn up their stupid noses at the Academy, difficult. But on the walls of the very same room, there while the lower classes would stillvote solidly and are two other portraits, also commissions of this nature. unanimously in its favour. But even if these (Nos. 192 and 205) by Messrs. Arthur I could mention ,a number of other pictures in which S. Cope and William Llewllyn respectively, be no better vulgarityand sentimentality are solemnly or logically than careful transcripts, how infinitely superior they are wedded. But it would be ridiculous to expect anything to No. 170 ! And if you wish to look at a picture else. Forwhat are the sentiments which aretrium- which, on a slightly lower plane, is also a commission phant to-day ? Answer thatquestion, and then, in- of a kindred nature, and which is infinitely better than stead of condemningthe subject-picture your censure all three, look at Mr. Frank Craig’s excellent “Installa- will naturally fall on something much vaster and more tion of SirJohn Courtis as LordMayor of Cardiff’’ unwieldly-the“system,” as Cobbett called it, which (No. 376): prevailsabove all Academies, which governs a whole Given a littleingenuity, alittle care, and above all 96 a little art, and even a difficult commission can be given (carefully reprinted by the .management, and distributed some spirit,some life andits share of beauty. But tothe ignorant heathen of Londonatthe Court there you are, it’s done now, and there’s no help for it ? Theatre),“the most ambitious play that the Gaiety And with that feeling one walks away, wondering what Theatre [of Manchester] has yetproduced.” The or- on earth tbe people and everybody else think of it. chestra is specially augmented by the addition of some Let me now just race through a list of pictures that playersfrom the Queen’s Hall, the music is specially really are worth looking at.First and foremost, John composed(and, I may say, speciallyreviewed by the S. Sargent’s “Rose Marie” (No. 37), a nice type, beau- “Manchester Guardian”), and the augmented orchestra tifully drawn and sympathetically treated; then, in the playing the speciallycomposed music is conducted by order in which they appear in the catalogue, “Summer the composer. We mereLondoners ought to be im- in WindsorForest” No 12) by Claude F. Barry; pressed. “Mrs. E. WynneChapman” (No. 21), by J. J- Yet I may protest that, in the days of my misspent Shannon;“The Garden Seat” (No. 160) by Amy K. youth, I saw as badproductions at anyone of the Browning-this is a charmingstudy, conscientiously “bloodpots” of London. Therealso did wehave the observed anddaintily painted, quite one of the nicest strings shivering up chromatics to a shriek, while the things in the whole exhibition; “From Rivington Pike, brass grunted and roared to make the villain’s ‘‘Curse Bolton” (No. 168), by Sir Alfred East;“Weavers” you ?” inaudible. Therealso did thetraps stick, or (No. 229), by John S. Sargent;“The Stack Yard” open before their time; there also did flats become im- (No. 37-51, by Lindsay G. Macarthur ; “The Summit of movable, or were mixed intheir setting. There also theJungfrau-’ (No. 464), by JohnLavery, verypleas- was seen the whole of thestage staff wrestlingwith ing, but slightly marred by a careless foreground ; “The each othe.and the scenery while the audience clamoured Rainbow” (No. 504), by Sir Alfred East; and “The forthe play; and, really,it is ratherlate in the day Picnic”(No. 598)~ by Laura Knight-this is alittle to offer us incompetent stage management in London. crude, perhaps, but exceedingly well done. The transformation scenes in pantomine are better pro- Among the noticeable but less striking are : “Fleet- duced at a first performance than were those of “The ing Night” (No. 59), Gardner Symons; “Morning After Whispering Well” at the Court Theatre ; and the diora- Rain” (No. 101 by EdithKemp-Welch-the uncer- mic use of the backcloth is about the oldest thing I re- tainty of thelight rather spoils the effect of member in stagecraft. As for the boggarts at the well, thispicture; “ Passing Clouds” (No. I IS), by what little could be seen of them resembled a crowd of JamesHenry; “Margery” (No. 207), by Cecil pantomime dogs and monkeys ; and if the Spirit of the Walton;“Mrs. W. P. B.” (No. 225), by Hugh Well must have illuminated eyes, there is no ostensible de T. Glazebrook; “ Kathleen” (No. 236) by reason why one should be red and the other white, like Kate E. Olver;“Spanish Gipsies” (No. 271 by railwaysignal-lights. Altogether, in spite of its pre- john S. Sargent; “On a Mountainside” (No, 317)~by tensions, the production of ‘‘ TheWhispering Well” Adrian Stokes;“In Suffolk”(No. 370), by Arnesby was about the worst I have seen since “that I was and Brown; ’ “Mrs. JohnInnes” (No. 497), a nice type, a tiny little boy.” very nicely painted by G. Henry ; and “Summer After- Theplay? Hear the Manchester Guardian” first.. noon (No. by Campbell Taylor--why does Mr. 362), L. “The stuff of the play seems to us extremely fine, and Taylor paint such bourgeois subjects? with careand good fortune maycome tobe acknow- Among the decidedly ‘comic onesare : “Paoloand ledged as me of the most remarkable stage pieces of Francesca” (No. I 15), by C. E. Perugini;“Life”--or ourtime.” The management have taken care to the the Englishman’s idea of it (No. 163), by Napier Henry; extent ,of reprintingthe “Manchester Guardian’s’’ “The Honeymoon”(No. 353), orthe Englishman’s critique, hut can one command good fortune?“The ideathereof, by TalbotHughes ; and“Divorced” WhisperingWell” tells us that in proportion to our (No. 388), by Agnes N. Goodsir-nogood, sir ! Finally, the picture, “Finance” (No: .by Edgar sacrifices shall we have what we most desire ; and the 575), managementhave sacrificed much. Theyhave sacri- Bundy, is the onlytruly socialistic painting rn the ex- ficed, for example, quite a lot of the dialogue, for their ~ibition. It succeeds makingin opulence Iook speciallycomposed music makesthe actors inaudible thoroughlydisgusting. Itis an exceedinglyable piece ducngthe greater part of theboggart scenes. They of work; but like Maeterlinck’s stupid scene of the ban- have sacrificed stage management, as I have said ; and quet in the“Blue Bird,” Iquestion its taste and its their production of this play shows that they have also point of view. sacrificed dramaand, presumably, the power of the rest I draw the veil. judg- For ment.Perhaps good fortune will attendthem. Robin 0’ Tum’s is a weaver, a marriedman and a father of two; a good weaver, of course-a good man Drama. with a good wife. Unfortunately, we are only told this By John Francis Hope. by his wife, and need notbelieve it unless we like. It does not matter much, for he is not on the stage when IT“is an old jibe of the writer of “Notes of the Week” the curtain rises. There sits the lassie from Lancashire, that what Lancashire thinks to-day England thought the spinning,and singing her speciallycomposed song. daybefore yesterday. I am reminded of theepigram Enterthe old gossip,who says much thatis happily by the production, at the Court Theatre, of Mr. F. H. inaudible. At last, the woman rises in scorn ; something Rose’s “dreamplay,” “The Whispering Well” ; and has beensaid abouther own “true, good man,” and the memory has the greater relish because I was once she is offended. She sends the gossip packing, and her told by a Manchester man {who has sincebeen honoured own goodness of heart is betrayed by the fact that, as by the publication of a letter in the “Daily Citizen” as soon as the gossip is gone, she promises to make it up one of its “Thoughts of Leading Citizens”) that Man- to her with a sup of ale (or something like that) when chester was ever so much more advanced than London, nextshe comes. Entertwo intolerable children, who particularlyindrama. We, poor,benighted devils, are,for the most part, inaudible. Theyrecount their weresupposed to bestill maundering lover “The Har- adventures while picking flowers, among which is the bbur Lights” and “Two Little Vagabonds” ; while, in fancy that a great grey wolf sprang out on them, but Manchester, “Nap” or some similar rubbish had {been Diccon was brave and stood in front of his little sister, performed. I believe, also, that Miss Hornimanhas and, of course,the wolf ranaway. Isay, of course, come to London to show us what drama really is, and becauseit shouldbe obvious that if the wolf had not howplays oughtto be produced.Certainly, if the runaway, the children would nothave come to bore amount of printed matter given with the programme is Londoners with the story. Enter Robin, not obviously anyindication of themanagerial estimate of the im- drunk,but as the verygood father wholoves his portance of a production, “The Whispering Well” must children. He wants no supper : he has dined with his be, asthe “Manchester Guardian” said in its notice master at The Seven Stars, and the audience has to be 97 told all about that. Bedtime for the children : they de- in England to-day is better than it was ten years ago mand a story, and for ten minutes the play is stopped and very much better than it was twenty years ago. An while the story of “The Whispering Well” is told. They averagelist of new songs published by suchfirms as go to bed, and the play begins at the endof the first act. Novello,Boosey, Chappell, Enoch,Cramer, J. H.Lar- Robin wants to be rich without work. His wife pro- way, and Stainer and Bell will expose a certain amount tests against his ungodly desire, and they quarrel. She of sediment, the sort of sediment one is, perhaps, better goes to bed, and he raves about what he will do with without.At the moment of writing I am in an apple richesuntil the Spirit of Desire{a particularly lugu- orchard many miles from my bookshelves, and off-hand it brious individual he looked) appears. The Spirit of De- is difficult to remember the contents of the most familiar sire offers t,o take him to the well, where, in proportion catalogue.But I know that frequently, and in some to his sacrifices, hemay obtain riches. Then,without cases very frequently, in the recent catalogues of those any indication that it is all a dream, begins the period firms appear-to take them at random, from memory- of scene-shifting. The second scene of the second act is, thenames of Balfour Gardiner,Cyril Scott, Vaughan apparently,the next morning in Robin’s cottage; and Williams, Roger Quilter, Julius Harrison, Percy Grain- the woman who went to bed as a good housewife, rises ger, JosephHolbrooke, James Friskin, Gustav von as a slattern.Later, one discovers that weekshave Holst,Hamilton Harty, Frank Bridge, Graham Peel, elapsed. More quarrels, and the man is about to strike W. H. Bell, Arnold Bax, CyrilRootham, Edgar Bain- his wife with a stool when the Spirit of Desire appears. ton, Geoffrey Toye, and Norman O’Neill-each of whom Theysacrifice theirchildren, and the third act shows onemay safely regard as an artist whotakes his art them as SirRobin and Lady Tumson. After a ridicu- seriouslywithout money-making asthe chief end in lous scene in “The Hall ‘of Sir Robin’s Mansion,” the view. I did not sit down in this uncomfortable orchard Spirit of Desire appears to the woman ; and sh,e gives to prate about sincerity, but merely to point out what up all shehas to regain the children. Thefather is few people seem to be aware of-namely, that the stan- too late to do likewise, and the Spirit of Desire drags dard of the maliciously misnamed “royalty ballad” has him tothe Whispering Well, and throws him intoit. been considerably raised during the last few years. Pro- Thelast sceneshows us thereal next morning, with bably each of the young men I have just mentioned is in Robin waking from a drunken sleep into which no one receipt of royalties from at least one of the firms in my list. Twenty years ago had we as many composers of had any reason to suppose that he had fallen ; and, of course, reconciliation with his wife. this quality? Ten years ago most of them had hardly This is the stuff that seems “extremely fine” to the got over their pot-hooks, and to-day their workmanship “ManchesterGuardian” ! It has beendone to death -or most of it-holds itsown with the best in the world. in melodramaand is notredeemed from itsutter banality by a touch of the Manchester Maeterlinck. The Of course, I do not suggest that all these names are Featly favoured at Ballad Concerts-the forcing-houses dialogue, as well as the ideas of the play, are worthy of a Labour member; and it is for tosh of this kind that of the “royalty” song ; but they are more than tolerated. The present idols are Amy Woodforde-Finden, Stephen the repertory theatre movement exists. Fantasy that re- Adams, Teresa del Riego, Hermann Lohr, Guy d’Harde- minds one of nothing but a supper of roast pork, music that is as trumpery in its pretentiousness as that of the lot, and others whose works bear not the hall-mark of ordinary conductor of a pantomine is banal, stage-mag- immortality. But the bad old tradition is losing ground fast, and in the more recent publications of Boosey and agementthat is a disgrace t.0 London, a play that a of Chappell have appeared little songs that may take ;c self-respectingchild would scornand yet is notfunny reasonably high place in the literature of contemporary enough forpantomine, this is what the “advanced” music. dramahas clome to,this is whatManchester thinks to-day. I anticipate, indeed, a renaissance in the despised “royaltyballad.” It will notcome from publishers of the kidney advertising in the style I have quoted above. It will not come from Novello’s, whose ventures in the Music and Musicians. direction of drawing-roomsongs are (withseveral ex- By John Playford. ceptions, such as Parry and Walford Davies) generally ; “ MUSIC Composersand Lyric Authors desiring pub- without distinction it will not come from Enoch’s, who licity should apply for particulars of popular publishing pin their faith principally to the platitudes of Mr. Landon scheme’’ . . . . ii and Co., areprepared to con- Ronald and his type ; it ishardly likely tocome from sider MSS. with a view to publication.Author’s pro- Cramer’s, whose publications often reveal a somewhat perty (if approved) published on a very equitable basis, fossilised taste ; and it is very doubtful whether Stainer eliminatingthe usual speculative risks, and enabling and Bell’s ambition will rise above Stanford’s “Cushen- composers to derive a very substantial benefit from their dall” cycle. Larway, perhaps-an adventurous firm. works.” Very frequently onemay read advertisements Each of these has, as I have suggested, published signi- of thiskind in oneor more dailynewspapers. What ficant stuff by the younger men. But the renaissance is they mean precisely is not very evident on the surface more than likely to come from firms like Chappell and beyond the mere invitation to communicate with those Boosey, who run Ballad Concerts. During the autumn benevolentlyminded business houses. Whathappens andwinter seasons large audiences stampede the between composer and publisher is open to conjecture. Queen’sHall and the AlbertHall on Saturdayafter- My own opinion is that the publisher takes the “usual noons, and a good deal of indifferent music is heard at speculative risks” (which are here thoughtfully reduced both places. But in the ordinary course of business both to aminimum), that the popular publishing scheme is firmshave been obliged to employ artists of the first performed on a “very equitable basis,” that nobody is rank, such,for example, asMaggie Teyte, Gervase a ha’penny theworse, that more than likely thepub- Elwes,and Plunket Greene,who studiously refuse to lisher is a few ha’pence the better for the transaction, sing the banalities of the shop. Automatically the stan- andthe composer a little wiser for the experience. I dard has been raised, the publishers having found that am not sorry if the composer has to pay ; his work is songs likeQuilter’s “Now Sleeps the Crimson Petal” usuallyindifferent good. The twofirms of music-pub- are, financially,worth printing. lishers who advertisethe seduction above quoted dis- Whi,chis, asthe Americans say, all tothe good. tribute broadcast (at a price)music that is unlikely to An improvementin the art of singingis a long way disturbthe peace of thisglorious Empire to any very further off. My own experience is that ,on an average noticeable extent. And the names of the composers in- perhaps two of the artists engaged at any one of these volved in thegreat scheme are not of thegenus one Ballad Concerts sing really well; that is, with anything associates with imperishable fame, or tremendous pecu- likea proper comprehension of phrasingor the pro- niary profits. nunciation of English. Therest sing to thegallery, So thepoint is onlyrelatively important.What is their artistic development having ceased after the first important to musicians is that the quality of music made encore. 98

He was the author of a book, which for a- brief period Pastiche hadpointed something out about Walt Whitman-until it was suppressed-and this fact, together with frequent TO THE CUCKOO. allusions to Havelock Ellis, his book, and a’ liberaluse scientificterms, helped us over innumerablegaps. (.) stalwart soul I call thy ban of Of Mr. NEW AGE choice ! These rendered his confessions.in an academic light. We 0 Parker ! shall I call thee man, were conscious of emerging from ‘I intellectual Or but a wandering voice ? Cowardice.” When he had told and re-told everything, in detail, and When I am lying on my bed greater detail, he reviewed his present situation, and told Thy loud note smites my ear ! memildly that he was unutterablywretched. FIE: men And rolls like thunder thi-ough my head, tioned,looking at the fire, that he was notsleeping at As if thou wert quite near ! nights ; he said heyearned for a peaceful love; he stretched himself, said ‘‘ damn ” at nothing in particular, f hearthee talkingto the rest and sat with his face in his hands. As Belloc claims his hat. This was an approach, and I felt it; and yet, in spite At repartee thou art the best of his adequateexperience, and my entire absence of Who on a’ witness sat. delicacy, we were nervous and furtive. I gazed at his head, and realised that he could give me the fundamental Thrice welcome, darling of thykind ! thing without the preliminary game of thrust and parry Even yet thou art to me which I had watched and knew I must not venture upon. No man,but superhuman mind, Desire seized me again,and I knew that here was my A voice, amystery. experience if I would take it. I could do this thing and suffer nothing. He had never And I can listen to thee still ! had a child, for he knew everything and was an expert. I pray thee don’t desist ; The Busy, Happy, and Useful Life could still be led. . . Put thy inferiors through the mill, He raised his head. “ I shall be obliged to go into the Thou super-Socialist ! street and find a factory girl, and make her my mistress,” he said, “ I must have someone,” he tidiedpapers, “ L 0 demi-god ! this land we prize can’t stand this,” he shut the drawers. At last appears to be I rose, annoyed to find myself trembling. ‘‘ You must A bureaucraticparadise, have-” I faltered. ‘I A mate,” he finished, and took me That is fit home fur thee! by the shoulders. CHARLES WHITE. I let him crush me to his chest and whisper passionate nothingsin my ear. Theexperience, which I rated highly among the experiences of life, had set in ; events THE SECRETARY, SEX, AND A DOG. must take their course. Having arrived at birthdaynumber 28, and finding I played withhis waistcoat-button, and said, “ We myself spectacled for life, I obtained a post as secretary simply can’t,” rather frequently, and we sat in the easy :o a (‘well-known author,’’and entered his office in chair,and tried to arrange it all.His face was- very Covent Garden with the grim determination in my mind moistand pink,and he was tremblingand breathing If leading a Busy, Happy, and Useful Life. hard. Being highly strung by temperament, and with a body, “ I can’t take you tothe house,”he said, “my though tingling with vitality, utterly devoid of charm wife-” md beauty, I was a fair example of the kind of woman “ No, no,” I replied. that thousands of us, so endowed, find ourselves obliged “ We could have a private room in a hotel,” he said. co appear-placid and contented. ‘‘ Yes, that will be best,’’ I replied. The details were But I had seen passion work its ravages in men, and I very sordid and disgusting. I felt that it was all singu- had watched other people mating, and at one time I had larly bereft of beauty. dreamed my dreams. After perusing De Maupassant and “ You darling, you little darling,” he gasped, and re- Gautier through feverish nights, and searching my Bible doubled his embraces. “ You do love me,don’t YOU ? ” for fundamental facts about life, I had reason to believe 1 he asked, his moist face assuming an anxious expression. “ ” I‘ knew everything ”-and I thirsted. I had all the know- It is not only curiosity ? ledge but none of the sport ; and there were other women I gazed down upon his hair, and felt a’ wild impulse to round me shamelessly, magnificently seducing men, while speakthe truth brutally; but no, I wished to play this I, having learned the fatality of giving rein to impulse, game as others played it, and see it through on the ac- watched them,knowing what it was to feel seductive cepted lines. behind restraintand spectacles. And yet I waited and I endeavoured to return his pressure, and all the time hoped ; the mate-seekingimpulse would not leave me. I was persuading myself thatthis was “ it.” (‘I am Some day . . . some man . . . having ‘ it ’ now,” I said, ‘‘ This is the kind of thing--” I saw a woman at a dance one evening languishing at And then we tidied the office, and, locking the dcor aman who stood silent somewhere, some distance from behind us, we stoleout furtively. The wind mas bleak. her, in the shadow. She had warts and protruding teeth, I had lost a hat-pin, and both my hands were occupied in butshe reproduced a dozen seductive tricks correctly. holding my hat upon my head. The ’buses mere full, and Finally she tripped across to him and rapped his collar we could notobtain a taxi. We walkedalong the pave- with zerfan, whispered something and fled. I saw her ment, and conversation was suddenly difficult. He sniffed face asshe passed me, andshe looked like an excited continually...... horse. I saw the man’s face as he emerged from the shadow, and I wept for that woman and myself. After 1 reached home, having experienced “ everything,” and this, I recognised mylot as being one of stainless 1 was feeling remarkably normal. I was not even dazed. sterility, and talkedpassionately of Work.I took the ’l‘his, that I had gone through, formed the basic impulse secretaryship. of innumerablesonnets, and the poems of passion, that PC,;- a fortnight I was his secretary, and after that his lined onr library walls were prompted by thoughts of audience. Being fifty, and having given rein to impulse, this.The thirst of youth md the vague desire of the he had a story-of a sort. Being Insignificant, and never restless woman soughtthis. All the complicated love hax-ing obtained ahearing, he was bursting for espres- 6‘ affairs ” I had witnessed culminated in this. This was ,cion, and I was called upon to undertake 2 courageous T,v~?F~~half Society vas fighting against, and theother race of listening-. Me paid for hishearing, as he had half was hankering after.The variousinstitutions and +id for most of his Past. societies, preventiveand remedial, which I saw around Fingering nervously with the keys of the typewriter, I me, Xvith all their complicated machinery, werebased listened to hisPast. It was Purple. No finer nuance directly or indirectly, or had tremendous relations with- tinged its course, and no finer nuance of admiration was this. I thought of my sisters,caught 17-11 into the asked for. I said it was Purple,and he bowed acknow- machinery of philanthropy, alway~busy, eyeglasses on ledgment. He recaptured the rapture of bygone moments nose, corresponding, visiting, docketing. pigeon-holing-, rather vividly, and it mas disconcerting to find my pulses ;nore or less about this. It wa”s such a little thing; it was throbbing and mycheeks ablazing atthe secondhand absurd. excitement. The atmosphere of home came ont, as it were, to greet “ I don’t regret a moment of it,” he said, continually, me, as the door was opened, and the atmosphere was and the remark for the time being seemed to place the fraught with disaster. While yet on the step, I knew that lustre where it was most needed amid the weary chaos of 6‘ something had happened,” znd against all reason I: felt that Past. guilty. I s~~ymyself \l~..irith_the eyes sf IT^ sisters .:1<1 99

knew that I was a Fallen Woman-if they shoulddis- I watched the moulding of each petal, braced cover me. I heardsubdued voices andknew the signifi- With swiftly arching tendrils-ah ! or marred cance of the tones; it was a question of disgrace. Feeling With clog of noisome weeds. For oft myspirit myself growing hot 2nd cold by turn I rushed the situa- Was racked to find upon these virgin frames tion and inquired loudly as to whathad occurred. And Sin’sbirth-marks, dulling eyesand searing cheeks, then I learned that “ Fairy had been out for hours.” Spoil of some nightly bout. MINNA WITHERS. And I grew fierce To see frail fruit, whose core was tainted, sick PROLAPSUS CALAMI. With infamy of murrained sires, ill-starred (The disjointedmusings of one of theintellectually Third generation of Jehovah’s wrath, unemployed.) Set with a seal upon their wizened limbs. All this I saw, and, seeing, felt my soul I’m sick of patience, tired of cleanliness, Surge up in wild compassion for mankind, Of wisdom among the stupid, But yet I durst not speak. Tired of my brain and the nerves that feel too much- And in the night Make me a fool, 0 God, make me a fool, I thought the corridors were filled with dim A stodgy, filthy mucker like the others. And monstrous shapes; a loathsome company 0 God, Of leering gargoyles flitted to and fro, Why did you make me poor? Feeding on children’s innocence. Why wasn’t I a gentleman? For this 0 all these bloody fools, they torture me, Has ever been my curse, that I have pierced Torture the brain you made so fine- With anguished eyes the woofof cerements. I didn’t want it. But let me slowly wean my phantasy Why did you let themmake From brooding overmuch thereon. And now Steam-whistles, babies, hawkers, barking dogs, Out of my knapsack take I Homer-this Tramways, and third-class carriages, and touts, A scant but precious remnant of my lore. Church-bells, whips, stone-pavements and canaries, And to the symphony of spring I chant Sharp female voices, beggars, motor-cars, His anthem of hexameters, a spell Hooters, - . . . . Potent to ban these spectres to their lair I wanted flowers, nothing but flowers, And fit me for this gladsome pilgrimage. Slim silver ones, frail as her fingers are; P. SELVER. Hills of them, and sunlight and the silence, And the blessed endless sky. . . . DOPE ! 0 God, [Being the natural sequel to Miss Christabel Pankhurst’s And you made me poor-hell, rot you- announcement of the existence of anelixir of “ Our Father,which art in Heaven ”. . . . chastity.] -r‘ Suffragette,’’ April 26. My head aches-how I loathe this place ARE YOU A WHITE SLAVER? And nearly every place except the flower land, I CAN CURE YOU! And that I’ll never have--I’m uot a gentleman. Why continue this foolish, injurious,and costly habit? 0 hell, 0 God, 0 damn, 0 blast, 0 --, LET ME TELLYou MY OWN STORY. (I will swear if I want.) Forsixteen years I was regarded as a hopeless case. Why was I madea pauper? My life was one long martyrdom. Got like a may-bug or a centipede, Disguised as a nurse,a policeman, a luggage-barrow And jerked into a dung-heap, striking hot, or a slot-machine, I haunted every terminus in London. With fools, with bloody fools. . . . . Throughmy efforts to arousesympathy bp epileptic God-how the noise flays, how the fools stink- paroxysmsamidst the traffic, I have been placed in All right, I’ll stopit soon ; I’m out of breath and cold- seventeen different hospitals in a single day. I was I’ll sleep or drown or drink or cut my throat, frequently fatally injured, and, under the incessant strain, myhealth broke down. I had no power toresist the Be silent somehow...... fatal craving; at night I could notsleep. Government Stick on the crown of thorns and spit at me. institutions, repeated flagellations,all failed to give I’m only Jesus Christ-- relief. You bloody fools. 1. A. R. YET I WAS CUREDIN ONE DAY! Throughthe kindness of an interested physician I FURTHER ELEGIAC MUSINGS OF A WHILOM learnt how any sufferer, no matter of how long standing, PEDAGOGUE. may be curedspeedily, safely, conveniently, with or without his knowledge, at home, or while attending to Well, I have won myfreedom! Blithe of heart, hisbusiness. Think of it ! A permanent cure between I amble through these fragrant avenues, to-day and to-morrow. Splashed with hot jets of splendour that have gushed MOTHERS, WIVES VIGILANTES ! O’er fallow tracks of space. And as I pass, You can cure him secretly. Try it in his bath, in his My gaze caresses fondly all those nooks dentifrice, in his tea-can. Mention whether he is willing Thatin its depths are mirrored. Heathand covert, to be cured or no, as, in extreme cases, I can supply Herbage with rank festoons of greenery, manacles,gags, tooth-chisels, tubes,and nozzles to fit Lawns and drowsy discs of ponds, wherein any nostril. You can’t be happy till he gets it- The sun of noontide basks. Beyond this village I, too, will seek retreat, and, lulled and hushed GIVE HIM NO-VIM! By the glad murmuring of far cascades, Post-free, under plain wrapper, IS. 6d., 2s. gd., upwards. Letme woo dreams. Note that the 2s. 9d. size contains four times the quantity Now this is strange, that I in the IS. 6d. phial. From Am haunted by the bondage that of late CHRIS. T. ABEL,Avenue de Sade,Paris. I shook aside. The tablets of my soul DELAYS ARE DANGEROUS.WRITE TO-DAY. Are still too freshly graven-yea, some legends T. MARK. Perchance will never be erased, so deep The imprint oE those years. COMPREHENSION. But most of all I hold the world in my hand I feel in silent hours a wistful stir For P hold it in my eye ; When, delving in my memory, 1’ find Here’s a legend in the sand Young eyes and faces with their mute appeal. And another ir, the sky. This was my saddest burden. Hxl I be-.r-m There’s a story goinground, A mollusc as the rest, I hnd found naught Told among the stars and me, Save rows of urchins, mere appliances With a moral so profound, For testing craft and temper--elfish oafs. None may guess what it might be. - 77 Against whose wiliness we needs must pit HOW can any understand The gins and shackles, and the armoury Aught save joy and trouble ? Of petty penalties-that craven code !’:-te!-e’s a legend in the sand Dubbed ecucation. T?,TI1ich says that Life’s a bubble I s::w budding lives. H. E. Foster Toogood IO0

withthat on which, aftercertain American newspapers LETTERS TO TH E EDITOR. andshipping interests had for two days sought to gag the wireless operatorsand establish a virtual monopoly THE RAILWAY CLERKS’ASSOCIATION. inthe “ gcod ’’ news-the greaterand more appalling Sir,-We have just received a copy of the Agenda for the catastrophe, the more joyful the intelligencefrom theSixteenth Annual Conference of the above Associa- the conventional newspaper standpoint-the names of tion to be held at York. Presumably railway clerks have the lost were, for the first time, suffered to come over the had a somewhat superior education to that of railwaymen, wires, together with a contradiction of the interesting, if and onoccasions of strikesthey usually identify their inspired, account originating from the other side of the black coats with those of their masters. The Agenda, how- “ pond ” of the sinking of the vessel, and reprinted with ever, shows no signs whatever that these gents have so unctuous fervour a few- hours later in the British Press. much as begun to realise that a movement for the abolition If you will visit the British Museum, you will probably of wage-slavery has opened. As painfully unconscious of find that scores of morningand evening provincial the new movement as their masters are alert to it, these papersfor April 16 and 17, 1912, printedwithin and of black-suited, empty-headed pen-scratchers(who disdain less than a hundred miles radius of the metropolis, made even to affiliate with the National Union of Railway capitalout of the fact that, while theirthird editions Men) have filled their Agenda with bleats for every kind containedthe awful truththat sixteen hundred souls of amelioration of their servitude, but with never a word had gone down with theship, the firsteditions of for freedom itself.Here in strict order from Item 29 London halfpenny journals published the misleading in- to Item 45 are thesubjects of petitionand entreaty to telligence that no liveshad been lostand thatthe be embodied in (‘resolutions ” (the word is ridiculous in Titanichad keen safely towed to Cape Race. Who, in- this connotation) :-Differentiation in DistrictSalaries deed, could continue to read the “ DailySale,” or the on L. and N.W. Railway ; Salaries of Locomotive Clerks “ Daily Seller,” or even the “ Daily Puff and Feeler,” or on L. and Y. Railway ; Reduction in Hours of Labour ; ‘‘ MorningChronic,” in view- of so damningan indict- Hours of Duty of Clerical Workers ; Unpaid Overtime ; ment of the accuracy of their news columns ? All this Excessive Hours of Midland ParcelClerks ; Shipping is, of course, on a par with the ramifications of the poli- Clerks on the L. and Y. Railway ; Annualand Bank ticians ; but,whilst a competitive Press has avalid ex- Holidays ; Deferred Annual Leave ; Weekly Half- cuse, no suchcan be claimed for pensionablepolitical Holidays ; Stationmasters’ Leave of Absence ; Weekly adventurersand lay preachers on the make. Mr. Gar- Paid Stationmastersand Clerks ; ‘(Premium ” Clerks ; vin’s discovery, therefore, is butan indiscretion which Publication of Vacancies ; Active Service Age Limit. would probably have ended in an Irishman’s rise in the Is not thelist sickening ? We beg tourge suchrail- case of the financial editor of a London daily. way clerks as areamong your readers totake instant AUGUSTUSSIMCOE. stepsto bring their association intoline with the new +** ideas, and to turn out the old leaders if these latter are “ THEFELON’S TRACK.” blocking the way. THE WRITERS OF THE ARTICLESON GUILD SOCIALISM. Sir,--.Turning out some old papersthe other day, I *** Came across the accompany-in.? handbill, drawn UP, 1 remember, by Mr. J. L: , Garvin.The “ Pall Mall Gazette’’ would not print It, I suppose, though the con- OMNIPOTENTPROLETARIAT. tentsmight interest thereaders of that organ. Sir,-It is either Mr. FelixElderly’s dull understand- PETER FANNING,Hon. Sec. ing, or my defective explanation which mzkes him think (( we love them yet-we can’t forget that there is only a hair-splitting difference between his The Felons of our Land.” contention that “ the proletariat can never havc an effec- tivevoting power,” and my contention “ that for mere ‘‘ Life in Ten of England’s Prisons.” social reforms theproletariat’s rote could he effective, and that only for a social revolution the proletariat is A LECTURE powerless.” I shall,therefore, give him the benefit of the doubt, and will try to be more lucid if possible. On tlw above-named Subject,, will be delivered in When ’Labour demands better conditions under tlte Ginnett’s Circus, Northumberland Road, Newcastle, present: system of Society, the propertied classes will ON not oppose them with nil the forces at their command. They will even remain politically divided into Conser- SUNDAY, APRIL 28th, 1895, vatives, Liberals, and Radicals, and thus the Labour vote BY could achieve some social reforms. But if it were to J. O’DONOVAN ROSSA. come to a fight for anentire reconstruction of Society from Capitalism to Socialism, then it would mean a life TO THE IRISHMEN- OF TYNESIDE. and deathstruggle. Not only would thepropertied classes present n solid frontpolitically, butthey would with the greatest ferocity use all their forces. The Paris FELLOW-COUNTRYMEN,- Commune is an example of what they are capable. After more than twenty years of exile, O’Donovan. If the above explanation is not clear enough for MI-. Rossa is once more amid the scenes of his early labours in Ireland’s No livingman has served his coun- Elderly, then I must give up the task as X bad job. cause. JOSEPH FINN try with a more consistent and ceaseless devotion accord- +** ingto his convictions. No livingman hasexpiated his devotion to Ireland by keener sufferings. In prison after THE BLACK CRUSADE. prisonhe wasted hisprime; contumelyand persecution made the best pu-s his life an agony. When Ireland Sir,-Reading thecurrent “ Edinburgh Review,” I of encountered the following sentence in an article by Mr. lay ‘‘ like a, corpse on adissecting-table,” Rossa first E. N. Bennett :-“ Not a single newspaper in Great essayed to galvanise the palsied limbs into vigorous Britain has expressed. sympathy with the Ottoman cause, life.Forty years have passed since then, and Rossa’s or even endeavoured to place before its readers any fidelity, through all the tortures of penal cell and bitter definitestatement of theTurkish point of view.” Mr. exile, has remained unshaken. Of thegreat movement MarmadukePickthall, asauthoritatively as fervently, with which in his manhood he was identified, it may did so in Tm NEW AGE at a series length, adthe same with strictest truth be said that it made all later move- you have published in pamphlet form. t;l;i~nt I would 1ilents possible. liketo ask Mr. Bennett is, whathis reputation gains The lives of some of its veterans were broken in prison by his ignorance of the fact that a better-informed man or ended in exile. Some few have been privileged to than himself has done what he positively asserts nobody come back to spend their declining days in the old land. has done?His came-supposing it to be Turkish- It seems bv.t as yesterday that JamesStephens himself manifestly loses if hisstatement be believed. returnedto find a home inhis native land, secured to R. H. C. himby the gratitude of hiscountrymen. ROSSA“S record *+* shall not surely be less pratically remembered to-day. lrishmen have never yet failed to welcome and sustain MR. GARVIN’SDISCOVERY. those who haverisked and lost all in Ireland’s servlce. Sir,-Incredible as it may seem, you may be surprised The claim of one who at so much self-sarrifice served to learn that n not inconsiderable number of people the cause, is equal upon all who love it. From kindly duringthe whole course of the alleged Marconi inquiry Irish hearts there will well forth no chilling welcome to neverread the words “ April 17 ” withoutbeing pain- one who fearlesslyand unflinchingly has trodden {‘the fully reminded thatthe date in questionsynchronised - felon ’s track ” 101

THE RECENTVIVISECTION CASE. FEMINISM. Sir,--I have just seen a copy of a report of the evidence Sir,---l have so profound arespect for the acumen of -or Of part of the evidence-given by Dr. Saleeby and the writer of your weekly notes, that I dissent from a by Sir Victor Horsley in the trial of the action brought single one of hisexpressed theories only with caution, by Miss Lind-af-Hagebyagainst the ‘‘ Pall Mall and some mental uneasiness. Gazette ” and Dr. Saleeby. But a week or two ago youranti-feminist went quite *4S an old (andretired) physician, and one who re- beyond the limits of my mistrustful forbearance. To me, spectsthe courtesy which should be shown by decent hereads like one who harshlystrains argument and members of the profession even to their opponents, and reason tofortify prejudice. Little enough, inall con- notonly to those of the medical profession, but also to science, hasargument and reason gotto do with the opponents among the laity, I desire to express regret at presentagitation anyway. Nor have those tiresome the language used by Dr. Saleeby and also at his testi- moral platitudes either-mere howlish hoots at militancy, mony, supposing the report I have read to be correct. as a11 exercise in coercion, which must be resisted to all lengthsin the public interest, etc., and so on. Not a 011 that hypothesis,Dr. Saleeby’s explanation of his word abautMinisters’ silly vanity which evolved insur- use of the expression, “ unscrupulous mendacity of hire- gency and wrath beyond appeasement. Not a word about lings,” shows that he losthis temper; and, if correctly the tacit approval of hooliganism as an agent of suppres- reported, that he was heedless of veracity in accusing sion, but plenty about takmg such outbursts as genuine the opponents of vivisection with buying people to make evidence of populardisapproval, and enlisting them as misrepresentations,for he, infact, admits that his so argumentsin an ic priori sequence. Whatfolly is a11 saying, was an assumption without evidence ! this parading in the mask of reason? And Sir Victor Horsley, in his testimony (at least, as My conviction ever since the Suffragist demand became reported), denied that there was an atmosphere of levity insurgent has been that to make the concession to it in or hilarity among the students attending theexperiments ; principle was the simplestand safest course. Inthis possibly he saw only selected specimens of the medical matter I am entirelya pragmatist, not perceiving even student class. I have seen with disgustand shame a regardableapproximation towards a political ethicin- members of a graduating class behave withlevity and volved in either granting or denying the vote to sections rudeness even when sufferinghumanity lay extended md particulars in the community. before them, while thesurgeon performed hislabours Suchadjustments depend more upon material ,conflict up011 the patient. for their shaping than upon academic reasoning, and SB I differ from Sir Victor in hisestimate of Pasteur’s your note-writer is for once largelywasting his own work ; and while to go iata details in this letter would timeand that of others. And many of theseothers do take up more space than you might care to give to the notshare his doleful anticipations as to what would subject, I am able to prove, on any fitting occasion, that likely follow the extendedfranchise. They may agree notonly Pasteur did not “open a newera”--unless a with him about its relative ineffectiveness in the struggle new illustration of marvellously successful quackery for economic power, but yet be given to believing that it may be so termed, but that his erroneous statements have would act in this issue conveniently in the functions of a notonly clouded the fundamental sciences of medicine, safetyvalve, and are, therefore, annoyed that the whole but have misled the profession in toto. Medicine needs affair should assume the proportions of a quite unneces- “ to take a new departure,” by taking up the study of sarily violent row morbid anatomy where Queckett left it, and by the light Thoroughly married to a real feminine, one of the com- of .the grand discoveries crf Bechamp, there may he fortablynormal type, I apprehend,Sir, none of his builded upthe sciences of physiology, pathology, calamitous predicates. Some gleams of psychological anatomy,and medical chemistry upon sur-e foundations knowledge forbid me to suppose that having gained the thoughthese sciences are now, thanksto Pasteur and vote, women would begin to organise themselves strictly his followers, floundering in errorand confusion. with an eye Lo their interests as a sex. The slights attempted to be placed by Sir Victor The supposition is contrary to a11 experience. It Horsley upon the names and reputations of Dr. Edward flatterstheir genius excessively, and grossly maligns Bell and Lawson Tait can only react upon himself. True their instinctive nature in the greater concerns affecting men of science were they indeed, and, in my judgment, the well-being of the race. No; I refuseto be scared. Sir Victor Horsley has excluded himself from the ranks Many politicalrevolutions hare come and gone, atfirst of men of science by his recklessexhibition of spite or hated and feared; hut the mouldering of time has effaced envyagainst these two “Sommites dela Science.’’ their sharp edges,and made tllem part and parcel with that common run of experience that ceases to excite Sir Victor has “ followed the crowd ” in lauding the special comment. If any fidgetymale 1s given to work of Pasteur; I would liketo see his knowledge of alarmist views as to whatfeminist attemptsat that work tested, as well as of the sources whence that supremacy mightamount to let him turnfor re-assur- work wasderived! ante to a passage inArthur Young’s “ Travels in I, therefore, inviteSir Victor Horsley tostate, which France.” . . “but I mayremark another effect of of the works of Pasteur and of Bechamp he has studied, this revolution . . . which isthat of lessening, or, or even read! M. R. LEVERSON, Med. Dr. rather,reducing to nothing,the enormous influence pf Nice. Aetat Nice. 83. the sex ; they mixed themselves before in everything, In **-x order to govern everything. . . The men inthis coun- try were puppets, moved by their wives, who, instead af “ THE NEW AGE ” AND THE PRESS. givingthe tone, in questions of nationaldebate, must now receive it, andmust be content to move inthe Sir,--You would not believe-would you ?-that the political sphere of some celebrated leader-that is to say, “ New Statesman ” could be such an old coward as to they are, in fact, sinking: into what nature intended them discussGuild Socialism (which it thinks to improveby for; they will become more amiable, and the nation better spellingthe word without ‘‘ u ”), withoutmentioning governed.” THE NEW AGE. But it does. It also “ reminds our Whatreally set me off wondering, however, was this youngrevolutionaries that the Webbs, whom they have query. What does the writer of yournotes mean, when sent to the guillotine . . . strongly urge this very thing” he refers to the added bitterness to those women who do -namely, Guilddevelopment. But since when did they not wantthe vote if women who do want it gettheir urge it? More important, where and how and when do desire. Why should the firstsort be distressed-they they now urge it? By the way, I think Mr. Shaw must might be amused or sarcastic perhaps-but why be dead. A few years ago, nobody could tread on his anguished ? F. C. G. shadow withoutevoking a tract.To-day your writers [“ TheWriter of the Notes ” replies : Your correspon- can do what they please and nary a sign. Mr. “ Solomon dent appears to be one of those frivolous persons who Eagle ” inthe same journal attributes Mr. Grierson’s see no harm in anything. To him the Vote apparently reputationto the fact that the ‘‘ English Review ” and is a matter of no concern one way or another, to men THE NEW AGE firstbegan to publish his work. The or to women ; and neither is anything else, I judge, SO conjunction is repugnant, and, moreover, is unwarranted. longas he personally is comfortable. Hismisrepre- THE NEW AGE published dozens of Mr. Grierson’s articles sentations of my views are, however, not speculative, and over a period of ‘atleast three years before the but obvious to your readers. I have never confused, “ English Review ” published one. And, if I am right, ashe implies,anti-Suffragism with anti-Feminism ; the “ English Review ” never published more than one. but, on the contrary, I have stated that anti-Suffragism The “ New Statesman ” appearsincapable of common reallyarises from Feminism. I have never failed to accuracy. Againby the way, I amwaiting to see the

adramatic catastrophe as theresult of enfranchising saying blandly : “ There, my dears, you’re quite as good women andthereby sealing their entrance into indus- as these.” The proper comparison is not at all between try,but I have pointed outthe economiceffects and Miss and Mr., but between allmen since civilisation its concomitants. As for thequotation from Arthur began,and all women : and here, of course, intellectu- Yomg, it is, to’say the least,ambiguous. Are we to ally and creatively, women are nowhere. However, if Mr. conclude that political women produced the conditions Kennedy mill name me any intellectual achievement by that led to the French Revolution and that women re- Miss Harrison which is the outcome of a creative mind, tired when politics again became sane and masculine? andnot due to mere extensivereading andto the ex- These are as valid deductions as those your correspon- cellentfeminine patchwork faculty of putting two and dent appears to draw from the passage, and are, more- two together, I will undergo the penance of perusing over, both consonant with my opinions of the Suffrage all her works over again.But he must not bring for- and dissonantwith his views of the unimportance of ward her so famous discovery of the origin of the word the vote. Finally, your correspondent is unable to see “tragedy,” because this comes withinmy stigma, and why the mass of women should feel “ bitter ” if a I shall match it with Mr. Allen Upward’s discovery that minority of theirsex should force the vote on them Athenewas owl-eyed, aslucky a reward for diligent all. lt can, of course, be no concern to them that their research as has blessed any scholar thistwenty years, sex is misled,and, consequently, degraded instatus but which I do not find has received even due recognition by reason of the inevitable preoccupation of women inthis age of petticoatglory. My own opinion of with men’s affairs !] modernEnglishmen, unlike the Irish Mr. Kennedy’s, *-E* has not quite “ sunk to the nadir.’’ I shouldnot think Sir,-The example you quote of the Countess of Car- badly of aman who sank down or fled from aswarm lisle at a public meeting is one repeated over and over of wasps, and modern women are wasps.Presently we shall escape fromthem, blue-bag our wounds, lie low, again. 1 remember an earl’sdaughter who marriedour and descend on the stingers while they’re all grinning at squire-a decent manand a gentleman-for money, her family being impoverished. She had the wish for power, home over the day’s performance. In fact,the police havejust carried out muchsuch a raid,and the grin to be the queen and dictator of the village and secretary begins togo against the grand purifiers of publiclife of Christ inthe Church.The damage shedid was con- whose briberyand corruption isonly less thantheir siderable, and would have been enormous but for the touching dependence on mere male guidance, a guidance independentcharacter of the Yorkshiremen. Oh!she which theyhave meanly left traces of for the police to was asilly, mischievous, vain, and cruel character, and layhands on. So muchfor wasps! Mr. Kennedy asks had no notion whatever of herself. She did everything me to accept Miss MargaretDouglas as a proof that tothe glory of God. She proposed once atthe Sunday- Englishmenhave sunk to the nadir.Without inthe schools some sillyproposition which the village school- leastwishing to belittle Miss Douglas’s patrioticspirit, master ridiculed inher presence andthat of sixty I may claim for myself that I have steadily resisted the teachers. I saw herwrithe. Self-possession, shehad Insurance Act without any otherspur than my own none of it. But from thatday she, by undermethods, hatred of aslave-making Act. And I canname several wire-pulling, etc., reduced that schoolmaster so low that personal friends who are in a like state of defiance, which he went out of his mind in fear of her and hanged him- nothing will shake or needs to support. Now, as Mr. self. Hehad a large young family. His school was a Kennedy’ssuggestion that women hadnothing to do Church school, andmanaged by her husband’s family. with the Insurance Act, and at least no more than men He had saved money, and lost it in a speculation about withthe White Slave Act-well, first I ask who will thetime he perceived that sheintended to do him belie.-\-ehim, and secondly I produce some evidence. in, andthe twocircumstances together terrorised him out of hismind. He was a bad-naturedman, butthat Thatthe driving force behind the White Slave had little to do with her. He could have been as wicked Traffic Bill was identical with that which is determined andvindictive as anybody who ever lived,and been upon theEnfranchisement of Women was clearly favoured by her if he had toadied and flattered her. She evidenced atthe Opera-House Demonstration.The was the most dangerous of women, absolutely selfish and single reference to the Suffrage Movement at that 111eet- without culture, and wanted to control the private lives ing in the phrase employed by one speaker--“ an en- of everybody nearher. Her power for mischief layin lightenedand enfranchised motherhood ”--simply her physical attractions, which were as great as theycould brought down the house. We gratefully acknowledge be in any woman without brains. I cannot say, however, that some who are not Suffragists-e.g., the Archbishop that her example has affected my views of women much ; of Canterbury-did yeoman service, but had it not been they arise from life experience among women of my own for the enthusiasm of the Suffrage forces, their strong class-a plebeian one. My grandfather was a small organisations, and persistent educational work of many farmer,rack-rented, when I was ayouth. I likedhim, years’ standing, these good me11 had been as VOICES and used to spend a lot of time with him, and I sympa- crying in the wilderness, if they had not been mute in thisedwith his difficulties, and out of mysmall, very The silence of despair. smallstore I used to helphim. Hethought, or had an This cutting is from “ The Church League for Women’s apprehension, that I might be more generously disposed Suffrage,” March IO. If any male render cf the NEW than my slendermeans would allow-in fact, that I AGE desires to deprive the women of their boast, let him might hurt myself by giving more than I could afford. now step forward. Men ere wasped into the White I did not. But his wife, granny, had no ruth,no Slave Act witha fury which the wasps will probably scruples ; she told hertales coloured, andlied, toget find never forgiven or forgotten. Evidence regarding as much out of me as ever she could. I remember her the influence of women behind the Insurance Act, I per- rage once when, after she had excited my sympathy and, sonally do not possess in so damning a form as the above I suppose,subscription by her tale of theirextreme paragraph. But the twomost influential among women poverty,grandfather came inand all unconsciously let labourleaders, Miss Margaret Bondfield and Miss Nary out that he had ten pounds or twelve-I forget which- MacArthur, supported the Act and roped in thousands of with which he was going to buy a cow. It must be really menacingblackleg female labourers. Women doctors thirty years ago. Granny had not the slightest influence are all on the panels, though women, for some reason, do with me after that. F. M. notpatronise them. The objection of mistresses tothe *** Act was avowedly the private one that they hated inter- FEMINISM IN “THENEW AGE.” feringinspectors and stamps and bother. A very good Sir,-Mr. Randall’s wit has said more for itself than I objection, doubtless,but not the masculine objectlon, shall be able tosay against it. One can’t publicly shared also by a few exceptional women, against corrUpt- attack a jestwith the butt-end of a week’s cogitation. ing andenslaving a whole nation. I was talkingto a Besides, hereassures my doubts of him,and, if I still doctor the other day, and this is what he said of one class think him to blame for having aroused a vision of the of women : ‘(Wait until the Mrs. Doctor realises that her lively A. E. R. living in brotherly love with Mr. George old prestige in society is somehow not what it was. She Lansbury, Mr. Randall has certainly laid the ghost. won’t be SO frond of Mr. Lloyd George andhis seven I cannot for the life of me decide whether Mr. Ken- vanishinghundred a year.” This practitioner wZ’S Con- nedy’s epistle is directed against me ornot. His refer- vinced that wives were at the back of the stampede to the ence to Dr. Rouse baffles me. I cannotfind that he has panels. It is notevidence, but as women be, what is even PO much as mentioned Dr. Rouse before, nor can I more likely in our day of wasps? understandquite why he should now drag this gentle- In Mr. Kennedy’s final paragraph, he puts a question maninto a comparison with Miss JaneHarrison. I to a lady critic, and once more raises my doubts whether accused him of the modern sort of chivalry towards the 1 am the person he intends. However, I cannotresist fair, inasmuch as he threw to the best women he could replying to the question : “ Will this problem (of modern think of two or three old carcasses of men hedespised, Englandand her industrial system) he solved bv I 103 organisations . . . or,and, ifnot, where are we to days had elapsed before Robespierre passed his law to lookfor support in our attempts to shame, gibe,bully, speed up thetrials before the RevolutionaryTribunal. or kick the working classes into activity ? ” Well, Mr. ’JXe reader 1s also led to believe that the jury at Once Kennedy andhis Gaelic compatriots of the ‘‘ Herald,” decided to hear no more evidence, whereas the question may turn to women if they feel inclined.Rut why not hadto be putto them twice, before they declared that go and do something in dear old Ireland, and leave us to their minds were made up. fight it out ourselves, or stew in our own juice. If Ire- We are told thatthe Girondists ‘(concurred inthe land, home, and duty were the motto and practice of King’s trial.”They not only concurred, butardently Irishmen who knows how OLI~burden might not be lifted ? desired it, thoughthey were unwillingthat the death To be sure, the “ Daily Herald ” couldn’t run a day in sentenceshould be passed uponhim, before the people Ireland. To be sure, Ireland seems to be the very coun- had been consulted. try for super-Celts to get out of, but what is the good of A fewlines lowerdown M. Mazel writes, thatthe coming to US who mill never take the advice of Irishmen Girondists “ established the Revolutionary Tribunal.” over here, except afterthree generations of acclimatisa- Yet Mignetsays : “TheMountain demanded the estab- tion. And whatIrishman stops anywhere for three lishment of anextraordinary tribunal. . . . The generations? If Mr. Kennedyreally wants to know who Girondists used all their power against such an arbitrary will bringEngland round from theslummery of andredoubtable institution. . . . All thatthey could capitalistsand the flummery of females, it will be men effect was to introduce thejury, to keep away violent like the Editor of THENEW AGE, long-sighted people who men, and to cripple its action so long as they preserved know how old the world is, and don’t think it began with anyinfluence.” Lenotre also reports, that “ Vergniaud themselves. One thingis certain : that men will direct indignantlyprotested against the establishment 01 an andorganise men. But, once again, 1 begin to suspect ‘ inquisitionthat would be a thousandtimes more re- that I am not the critic aimed at by Mr. Kennedy. His doubtable tban that of Venice.’ ” communication hassurely been mis-addressed, and These are but a few of M. Mazel’s many misstatements, should haTe turned up snuglyat the offices of the but his greatest fault is that he has written a violent and “Herald,” or of “The Suffragette.” awkwarddiatribe agahst a party, who, as Mr. Belloc SYDNEYROBERT WEST. says,“represented the purest and the most enthusiastic *** ideal of democracy,” without mentionlng his authorities for the conclusions at which he arrives. “ EVERYMAN’S ” ACCURACY. (d) He beginsby accusing the Gironde of cowardice, Sir,-I should like to call your attention to a remark- andsupports his statement by the fact that on the eve able articleheaded, “ TheTrial of the Girondists,”bx of their fall they numbered 270 votes against 238. He Henri Mazel, which appearedrecently in “ Everyman. There is hardly a literary fault which it does not contain, also praises theFeuillant or Liberal Court party, mho indeed, it might be taker, as a model of what to avoid in he thinks “ would have saved France from all the the writing of history. I havepointed out a fewof the Terroristhorrors.” Although theFeuillant Club hsd been dispersed on January 27, 1791, theparty was still errors to the editor of the journal, but he has not cared powerful in the following year. On August 8, 1792, two to correct them. Therefore, in the name of that national days before theattack on the Tuilleries, the massacre education of which “ Everyman ” talks so much, I beg you to give me a hearing. of the Swiss guards and the fall of the Monarchy, Dr. Moore writes : “When the decree of accusation (of M. Thefaults can be classified underthe following four de laFayette, a prominentFeuillant) was putto the headings : (a) Wrongspelling of historicalnames ; (b) vote, it was rejected bya majority of near ZOO. . . . bad English and clumsy narrative; (c) historical ingccu- As this was considered as a trial of strength, it is to be racies ; and (d) unphilosophical and unfair treatment. presumed that the majority of the Assembly is with the (a) Of these I would note that Lanjuinais, Riouffe, court. . . Theminority, however, seem tohare the Vergniaud,and Vigee are rendered respectively : Lan- people witi them.” Obviously cowardice cannot be im- guinais, Rineffe, Vignaud,and Viger ! One canunder- puted to the Girondists unless we also include the Feuil- stand how these mistakes occurred, but, if the essay was lants. intended to be anything more than a soporific, an early But a majority inthe Assembly or the Convention opportunity should have been taken of putting the reader stood for verylittl,e, while theParis sections and the right. Commune possessed the real power. Forall practical (bl A shortextract will serveas n specimen. The purposes the Girondists were prisoners inPans. When whole article is in the same strain. %hey attempted to forma guardto render their delibe- ‘‘ An immense crowd was gathered on the route. Cries rationsfree from interruption, and to protect their per- of ‘ Vive la Republic ! ’ ‘Down with the traitors !’ were sons against violence, they were defeated by the armed heard all around.The condemned replied:, ‘ Vive la forces which were atthe call of theExtremist Or Republic ! ’ Mountaingroups. “ One of them mid, prophetically, ‘ Poor Parisians ! Hadthe Girondists been less bold intheir denuncia- We are leaving in your hands men who will make you tions, had they not repeatedly demanded the punishment pay clearlyfor to-day’s pleasure.’ of the instigators of the September massacres, they -would “The melancholy cortege took an hour to go from the nothave been pursued with such relentless fury. In Palais de Justice to the Place de la Revolution (now La otherrespects, they maynot have been blameless, Per- Place de la Concorde.) hapsthey were unpractical,perhaps they were tainted ‘‘ On theirarrival at the place of execution, Boyer- with the Jesuitry of expediency,but cowards they were Fonfrede and Ducos embraced one another,and the not. Like Peer Gynt,they attempted to go round the others followed their example. Mountain, and the Mountain punished theirtemerity. “The Marquis de Sillery was the first to mount the I trust that I have not encroached unduly upon Your scaffold. On the scaffold he saluted the spectators right space, butthe matter is of importance. The Public and left, with as much ease as if he were in a drawing- should be assured, when they buy ajournal ofliterary room. Another followed andanother. pretensions, that they can rely upon the accuracy of SUC‘7: “ Duringthe waiting time they sang the refrain, statementsas I have exposed. JOHN RUFF. ‘ Death ratherthan slavery! ’ It was themotto of B. Francis I. “Some of them at the moment of their death said some Glaisher’sPublishers’ Remainders. inaudible words. “ When Vignaud’s turn came there was a rumbling of drums which drowned his voice. In the same way they had preventedLouis XVI from speaking on the scaffold. “ The last to be executed was a man called Viger. The executionlasted thirty-eightminutes. “The end of the executions was greetedby cries, a million timesrepeated, of ‘ Vive la Republic ! ’ which lasted for more than twenty minutes.’’ Miscellaneuous Advertisements (c) M. Mazel writes that the prisoners I‘ saw the Public Prosecutor riseand protest against the death sentence.’’ A rather unusual attitude for aPublic Prosecutor to adopt ! What Lenotre saysis, that “Fouquier imme- diately demanded sentence of death on all.” In the first column we read : “ The proceedings of the trial lasted seven days”;in the second column, “ the trial lasted for five days.” M. Mazel means thatfire 104.

MR. HILAIRE BELLOC.