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BUILDING THE MEDITERRANEAN NOVEMBER 2012 NOVEMBER
Radhi Meddeb Président of Ipemed and compensation expenditure. At distribution circuits, and rising demands the same time, almost all countries in in a post-revolutionary environment Food security: we the region have implemented policies where governors lack experience in to stabilize prices and protect inhabitants’ exercising power, vision and projects. share a common spending power. The richest countries, In the longer term, predicted climate future in particular the oil states, have bought change, encroaching desertification, social peace and political stability at a and scarce water resources point to Q One of the basic demands emerging low cost. a major food deficit for the whole from upheavals in Arab countries over Less rich countries have more urgent southern Mediterranean region. More the last two years is that of living matters to deal with. They are torn than ever, we share a common future. standards and improving people’s between demands from the people to We must work responsibly together economic and social conditions. Since maintain, if not improve, spending power, on research, production, commercia - the revolts started, global prices for raw and the state’s incapacity to sustain lization and security so that we may lay materials, especially agricultural ones, expenditure that is increasingly out of down the conditions for tranquil have shot up, with average increases synch with market realities. In the short- cooperation, in a world where boat of up to 80%, leading to major tensions
EDITORIAL term, this difficult situation is coupled people are no longer an everyday drama in state budgets and intensifying deficits with disorganized production and and a patent expression of failure.
Regional integration is key to growth
CREATING he major preoccupation for king? Analysts and observers agree SHARED BENEFITS The announce- REGIONAL both North and South of the that the Mediterranean is the least ment was welcomed by the Euro- INTEGRATION IN TMediterranean is to create integrated region in the world – the pean Commission’s President, José THE MAGHREB growth to fulfil inhabitants’ expec- cost of the non-Maghreb is estima- Manuel Barroso, also present in WILL BENEFIT tations and give them a perspective ted at between 1% and 2% of GDP Malta, who esteemed that the advan- THE EUROPEAN for the future. Time, perhaps, to per country – and that the new lea- tages of integration are not just eco- UNION AS WELL give the Union for the Mediterra- ders’ priority should be to move in nomic, but also affect human deve- AS PARTNER nean a new lease of life? That’s the this direction. The Tunisian presi- lopment in the region. According to COUNTRIES. ambition of its Secretary-General, dent, Moncef Marzouki, frequently Mr Barroso, the benefits of closer Fathallah Sijilmassi, who intends brings up the issue, declaring that, integration in the Maghreb would to take advantage of the new poli- “An area of 100 million consumers be shared between partner countries tical impetus in southern countries could also be an asset for development and also benefit neighbouring in order to encourage them to take in Europe, because the Maghreb states, including those in the EU. on and develop their own projects needs infrastructures”. At the “5+5” This is the challenge that we need with support from the secretariat’s second summit of heads of state to tackle, because although regional expertise. and government held in Malta on construction is ultimately a North PHOTO Another ambition of stakeholders 5 and 6 October, he proposed a African affair, Europe can help in 5 October in Malta. on both sides of the Mediterranean meeting between heads of state the process. The momentum is Second summit of “5+5” heads is to boost regional integration, and government of the Arab underway and everything should be of state and which is alone capable of creating Maghreb Union (AMU) before the done to move in this direction. government. longed-for growth. Wishful thin- end of the year. Agnès Levallois
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FOOD SECURITY IN THE MEDITERRANEAN
Greater food insecurity is a major issue for Mediterra nean Arab countries. To deal with the phenomenon, they urgently need to set up national policies for agricultural and rural development.
Bread vendor
in Cairo. marion guénard Courses of action to tackle this major
As a reminder, countries in North needs to be redefined and prioritized challenge Africa and the Middle East only repre- based on mutual North-South, and sent 6% of the population, but attract South-South, interests. 30% of global wheat imports per year. n a completely new context of poli- Coupled with the price effect caused by CREATE EU-SEMC CONTRACTS Reinforced tical, social and economic transition, highly volatile foodstuffs (including regional cooperation must be put for- IArab Mediterranean Countries wheat), the result is a strong impact on ward, including increased EU participa- (AMCs) are faced with increasing food the trade balance and on public finance tion to spread better crop and irrigation security challenges. This situation, com- through compensation policies. The techniques, and the optimal manage- plicated further by climate change, rise in food prices has a significant ment of soil and water resources. In must more than ever be analyzed in line impact on popular discontent, leading addition, so as to ensure regular provi- with geostrategic considerations. A to compensation policies that leave sion of strategic foodstuffs (particularly number of pressures underline the acu- fewer resources to allocate to other cereals), why not draw up mid-range teness of the problem: water scarcity; social expenditure like education and EU-SEMC contracts guaranteeing quan- soil degradation; insufficient farm pro- health. tities and price brackets? Lastly, the duction to respond to demographic To deal with the food security issue, it Mediterranean is never going to be com- development; weak organization of pro- is vital that AMCs can implement natio- petitive for the quantity of its production. duction channels; changing consumer nal agricultural and rural development On the other hand, if synergies emerge, patterns; and the persistent gap bet- policies. This means investing in pro- the quality of its produce has potential. ween globalized coastal towns and mar- duction, improving infrastructures to Working as a collective movement, ginalized rural zones, etc. reduce waste and stimulate trade, sup- Mediterranean countries could extend porting innovative practices to econo- the scope of their trade markets. It is STRUCTURAL DEPENDENCE Greater food mize natural resources, and reinforcing worth reviving the principle of a Medi- insecurity has been pinpointed in the various links of the food chain to terranean diet and Mediterranean pro- numerous forecasting studies. Over encourage involvement from different duce, since this is clearly the farming recent years, AMCs, which consume channels and business activities, etc. and food model that suits the region high amounts of cereals, have seen the These national policies should be best. gap widen between their crop produc- backed by more determined regional Amal Chevreau tion and import levels, resulting in dee- approaches. Greater technical, territo- Ipemed Project Manager for Finance and Agriculture in the Mediterranean per deficits. Their structural depen- rial and commercial cooperation on dence on external imports is of agricultural, food and rural issues could Sébastien Abis Administrator at the General Secretariat geopolitical concern in a world where represent one of the main axes of the of Ciheam and political analyst on the Euro- the risk of food conflict is on the rise. Euro-Mediterranean project, which now Mediterranean area, agriculture and food
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Euro-Mediterranean countries obviously complementary
Which features and targets Complementary commercial factors in QUALITY INCENTIVE The food component in Ipemed’s suggested the Euro-Mediterranean farming and of the CFAP-SEMC includes promoting agricultural food policy food industries are obvious: the need for the organoleptic and nutritional quali- cereal and animal products in SEMCs ties of food products existing in the could lay the foundations for matched with the EU’s production capa- Mediterranean diet; consumer educa- regional food security? city; the need for fruit and vegetables in tion and information; creating a food the EU matched with SEMCs’ produc- security agency; a specific measure rends in the eleven countries that tion potential. The common food and giving the poorest inhabitants access to make up the South and East Medi- agricultural policy for SEMCs (CFAP- healthy food; setting up a Euro-Medi- Tterranean Countries (SEMCs) indi- SEMC), proposed by Ipemed, aims to terranean partnership to supply food cate significant food insecurity, with defi- base regional food security on increased products based on multi-year contracts cits that could go as high as 50 billion agricultural and food production in each that define price brackets, a system of marion guénard dollars in 2030, endangering public Mediterranean country along with Euro- removal and restitution at borders to health and social cohesion in these coun- Mediterranean trade partnership, and keep domestic prices stable, and the tries. Agriculture and related activities to contribute to sustainable development creation of strategic stocks. provide a livelihood for at least 72 million in rural zones by organizing territorial The agricultural component would people in SEMCs (25% of the total popu- food production channels. The CFAP- include: secure land status for small lation). Around two million jobs per year SEMC’s tools are inspired by those of and mid-size farmers; professional sta- would have to be created in these coun- the European CAP. Adapted to local cha- tus for farm managers, salaried farm- tries between 2010 and 2030, in addition racteristics, they would be implemented hands and family farmhands, with to indispensable absorption of high in each SEMC as part of a common parity between the sexes; income sup- structural unemployment. regional framework. port for farmers via stable, remunera- ting farm prices (in particular through border regulation), via aid for inputs and investment (credit and insurance); R&D focused on devising new sustai- nable systems for farm production and agricultural-support training for far- mers and technicians; a measure to control quality and trace farm produce and label-based promotion; support for organizing channels and markets. The estimated cost of the CFAP-SEMC was around 31 billion dollars per year in the early 2010s, of which 26 billion for a food policy and 5 billion for far- ming measures, i.e. in total less than 2% of GDP. The CFAP-SEMC (farming component) would generate annual expenditure of 4.6 billion euro, with co- funding split equally between SEMCs and the EU, thanks to redeployed natio- nal policies and a specific component of the EU neighbourhood policy. Jean-Louis Rastoin Professor emeritus, President of World Food System UNESCO Chair, Montpellier SupAgro, Ipemed associate expert
1. Rastoin J.L., Bourgeois L., Cheriet F., Mohavedi N., 2012, Pour une politique agricole et agroali - Women in Sous (southern Morocco) shelling argan nuts. mentaire euro-méditerranéenne, Ipemed, collection The status of family labour needs to be discussed. Construire la Méditerranée, Paris: 86 p.
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FOOD SECURITY IN THE MEDITERRANEAN
Public health concern
The steep rise in food- related health problems has put the human health issue high on the list of global concerns.
ecent debates on food secu- rity, nutrition and health Rhave contributed to moving these topics higher up in the list of development programme priorities. These include the impact of the financial crises and their disastrous repercussions on food and energy; the alarming scourge of chronic food-related non-communicable diseases (NCD); the emergence of the central role played by food and its impact on health and sustainable development; a better understan- ding of the interconnection between The escalation of diabetes is a concern for Arab countries. climate change, agriculture and health. Here, a diabetes awareness day in Bougaa (Sétif region, Algeria)
AWARENESS All of this reinforces the awareness that food security remains, indirect impact on the gradual deterio- security as an interdependent system in both quantitative and qualitative ration of human capital and the inevi- will know that making inter-sectorial terms, a fundamental human require- table loss of productivity. The extent and decisions is one of the biggest chal- ment. In 2012, a conceptual framework gravity of health problems linked to lenges in the face of deep-seated and was produced to improve understan- food, which affect development, social opposing bureaucratic customs. ding of the complex food security issue activity and human beings’ creative and One of the keys to success at local, par- in the light of current threats, whether productive capacity, have moved the ticipative level, lies in the long-term ope- they be immediate or the result of more human health issue higher up in the ration and promotion of traditional, long-term dynamics, like climate range of global concerns. It was not Mediterranean-type, food systems. change. The framework integrates a until political negligence led to deterio- Populations’ specific food systems macro-economic dimension, shocks, rating health conditions that political result from their natural resources and and outside stresses like natural disas- leaders finally realized the importance history, and the challenge will be to ters, ultimately providing an overview of food security. adapt these local food customs to the of health and food as both a conse- requirements of twenty-first-century quence and cause of under-develop- VULNERABILITY The uprisings or revolu- consumers. ment. Politicians have finally started to tions in countries to the South of the Habiba Hassan-Wassef react to the alarming progression of Mediterranean have shown the vulne- International expert on nutrition obesity and chronic non-communicable rability of these countries in terms of and health policies in development diseases round the world due to the food security. They have highlighted the 1. Mainly type-2 diabetes, obesity, heart disease and heavy burden on public finances. The limits of sectoral approaches used in some types of cancer. 2. “The Food Security System: A new conceptual cost is both direct and indirect, because the past to manage interdependent framework”, Ecker, O., and Breisinger, C., ifpri overnutrition, like undernutrition, not issues connected to food security. Discussion Paper n°1 166, March 2012. 3. “Reshaping Agriculture for Nutrition and only has an immediate deficit impact Anyone who has looked at putting toge- Health”, ifpri 2020, Edited by Fan, S. and Pandya- on public health systems, but also an ther integrated policies to tackle food Lorch, R., ifpri 2012.
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CONFERENCE . Food security issues in the Mediterranean Miguel Angel G Ipemed, in collaboration with Moratinos, the Ecole Supérieure des Affaires advisor on food security (ESA), organized a conference issues to the in Beirut on 3 October 2012 Emir of Qatar, on the theme of Food security, a and former challenge for the Mediterranean. Spanish The former Spanish minister minister for for foreign affairs and current foreign affairs advisor on food security issues to the Emir of Qatar, Miguel Angel Moratinos, insisted on bringing urgent solutions and South, which would help pull to the large-scale political and Europe out of its economic crisis economic challenges posed and enable Arab countries by the food security issue in to respond to the challenges the Mediterranean. According of food security. Mr Moratinos to Mr Moratinos, the question suggested the creation of is inextricable from the a Mediterranean Food Pact, problematic issue of water and inspired by the European CAP, land. He observed that, “No which he esteemed would entail subject is more conflictive in bringing together three key the region”. Water is a very rare elements: “Political support commodity and a vital resource, from governments both North although Lebanon is privileged and South Mediterranean; in comparison to its neighbours innovative funding mechanisms when it comes to hydraulic that might include a resources. He therefore invited Mediterranean Bank; and countries located on both sides awareness and social of the Mediterranean to envisage mobilization by involving young a complementary neighbour people and civil society in setting approach between North up solutions to this issue”. ema – ministère de la défense et des anciens combattants
September 2011, members of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (Finul) opening a sanitation network in the village of Srifa.
IPEMED PUBLICATIONS .
G Ipemed has devoted several secure supplies and promote publications to food security in stronger Euro-Mediterranean the Mediterranean. This is a cooperation. The three-part crucial theme for the future of a report, Partenariats stratégiques region that suffers from structural pour la sécurité alimentaire en food insecurity for several Méditerranée (French only), gives reasons: strong dependence on an overview of the principle highly volatile international issues, followed by an analysis markets that increase exterior of the opportunities and costs at a time when public requirements and the difficulties deficits are rising; more of inter-company partnerships. undernourished people because The last part gives a forecasting of the political and economic exercise on the Mediterranean crisis; escalation in food-related cereal situation in 2030. This non-communicable diseases. month’s Ipemed News focuses Propositions and scenarios are on this important subject, and put forward in La situation the authors of these publications, céréalière en Méditerranée especially of the last one (Pour (French only) with the aim of une politique agricole et devising possible futures for the agroalimentaire euro- region, which would involve méditerranéenne) participated mobilizing all stakeholders in the in writing this issue. cereal industry, for example, to A. L. www.ipemed.coop
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READING MATTER ON THE WEB The Arab Reform Initiative is a research to open up trade, despite positive centre gathering Arab and non-Arab macroeconomic and intellectual institutes to focus on the issue of reform. contexts, have proved insufficient to It has published two studies, on Algeria curb the impact of this revenue, the and Morocco. 25 ans de effects of which are extending into the State, security and reform: the case transformation housing and food sectors. Residential of Algeria post-socialiste property, thanks to subsidies and the MUSTAPHA MOHAMED en Algérie government decision to create a heritage G The study highlights the role of «Revue Tiers pact, illustrates the finer side of urban security in Algeria, which it says cannot Monde» n°210 (2/2012) revenue. The authors point to worrying be reformed without a reform of state. After an overview of the intelligence Armand Colin weaknesses in the agricultural sector: services that sprung up during the war of despite policies judged as proactive, bad liberation, the author asks whether orga- land management, increasingly large nized, well-managed domestic reform is areas of fallow land, and food depen- possible following previous failures (i.e. o mark the fiftieth anniversary of dence (revenue can be used to guarantee Mouloud Hamrouche’s attempts). Since Algeria’s independence, the jour- cheap supplies) combine to create food society does not possess the political and organizational means to impose nal Revue Tiers Monde has devoted insecurity. T peaceful change, development can only its latest edition to the last twenty-five Although all of the contributors reco- come from within the regime. But can years in Algeria, referred to as the post- gnize that this revenue has a fundamen- the army and services undermine their socialist transformation years. The tal impact on the state, others point to own dominant role? Nothing is less authors set out the factors explaining geopolitical and geostrategic factors. certain as long as leaders traumatized by the state’s structure and legitimacy, Exogenous shocks, the spirit of the their “inability to anticipate the Islamic Salvation Front’s landslide victory in the along with the situation in society. They times, and direct policies (diplomacy first round of the 1991 elections” have give an overview of various sector and defence) all shape the nature of the brought political processes to heel by reforms (trade, agriculture, housing, state. One illustration is the way the “emptying public life of all substance”. migration), identifying changes and government made use of the Global War Morocco: Towards a cohabitation continuity. They conclude by insisting on Terror to consolidate its security ope- between the King and the Islamists? on the fragile nature of state and society, rations. The last twenty-five years have ABDALLAH TOURABI largely because of revenue from hydro- established Algeria as a rentier state that G By proposing a new Constitution in carbons (43% of GDP). This revenue, is almost necessarily authoritarian and July 2011 and legislative elections in which is synonymous with the decline uncertain, and have further weakened November, King Mohammed VI defused of the economic sector (Dutch disease), its society. the popular protest represented by allows informal sectors to exist. Efforts Audrey Audusseau the 20 February movement. This study analyzes the first ever cohabitation between the Palace and the Islamic government led by Abdelillah Benkirane (Parti de la justice et du développement). Does this political party hold the real power, or does the Palace still control the situation? The government’s capacity to tackle economic and social issues will provide part of the response. www.arab-reform.net Tunisia: Confronting social and economic challenges (full report in French) Middle East/North Africa report, June 2012, International Crisis Group (ICG) NEW COLLECTION . G This report looks at the current situation in Tunisia eighteen months iReMMO launches a new collection edited after the revolution and insists on the “worrying” economic situation. The by Pierre Blanc and Bruno Péquignot growth rate is negative, following 3% the G Published by l’Harmattan, this collection Each volume covers a particular subject year before Ben Ali’s departure. from the Institute for Middle East and makes it accessible beyond specialist Deteriorating economic trends are Mediterranean Research and Studies circles. exacerbating social tensions, and protest (iReMMo) aims to cover a variety of topics The first titles in the series are: Pour movements are destabilizing the country. concerning the Mediterranean region une IIIe République libanaise. Etude critique The government needs to take concrete and highlight emerging factors. The pour une sortie de Taëf, by Mounir Corm; measures to tackle youth unemployment objective is to create a sort of encyclopaedia L’émergence d’une nouvelle scène politique. and local and regional development. that clearly and rigorously presents all Egypte, an 2 de la révolution, both edited The legitimacy of the authorities will of the knowledge resulting from scientific by Marc Lavergen; and Pour le futur depend on their capacity to deal with research, along with commentaries de la Méditerranée, l’agriculture by economic and social issues. from those involved at all levels of society. Sébastien Abis. www.crisisgroup.org
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IPEMED PROJECTS
SEMINAR IN BEIRUT Avenues for creating a digital Mediterranean
A common digital area is strategic issue,” Pierre Musso underlined cussed was that of the funding required indispensable for developing throughout the conference. Countries in to set up this “.med” area. As Wahiba information and commu - the region, particularly in the South, need Hammaoui pointed out, Ipemed’s report to choose innovation as a key growth fac- puts forward the idea of public-private nication technologies tor and stop thinking in terms of labour investment, with long-term financial invol- in the Mediterranean. force and more in terms of brain force. vement from countries and companies We take a look at the different This goes hand in hand with improving (e.g. telecommunications operators) fos- ways of creating it. support for young engineers to encourage tering trust in ICTs. Leila Serhan (Micro- incubators and start ups, and in particular soft Lebanon) brought up the idea of crea- nformation and communication tech- the development of an active strategy for ting tax incentives to encourage nologies (ICTs) must and can be at the content (software and programmes) and companies to get involved. Khater Abi Iheart of economic and human deve- services linked to ICTs. Countries to the Habib, chairman and managing director lopment in the Mediterranean, on the south of the Mediterranean are big, even of Kafalat, mentioned the possibility of condition that a regional policy is put in excessive, consumers of resources like creating two separate funds, one profit- place to create a common digital area, a the Internet. The challenge is to encou- seeking and governed by market laws, and “.med” area. This was the main conclu- rage the production of content, exploit the other with a regional development sion drawn by the conference organized existing skills (which are numerous) and objective. Participants were all in agree- by Ipemed and Bader Young Entrepre- so create jobs and added value, and limit ment that investors must be ready to take neurs Program, in partnership with ESA the brain drain towards the United States. risks on uncertain ICT projects. For Nas- and the Lebanese ministry for telecom- A good example is EuraTechnologies2, sim Kerdjoudj, CEO of Net Skills, the busi- munications, echoed in the report, Confi- which created 2,600 jobs from 2008 to ness angel model is probably the most sui- dence in the Mediterranean digital society. 2010. table to accompany developing businesses Steps towards a med. area, published by in the ICT domain. Ipemed1. GOVERNANCE AND FUNDING The creation of Macarena Nuño a Mediterranean digital area and a com- Ipemed project manager ICTS AS GROWTH FACTORS “ICTs should no puting cloud in the general interest cannot 1. Co-written by Pierre Musso, Wahiba Hammaoui longer be perceived as a potential investment be achieved without in-depth debate on and Laurent Gille with a group of Mediterranean experts. Full report in French. area, but rather as at the core of the changes its governance, the issue of intellectual 2. Economic centre of excellence focusing on ICTs taking place in the productive system, it’s a property and trust. Another key issue dis- located in Lille.
READING MATTER . Carbon Constraint in the South, justify paying particular Protocol), Southern and commitments made Mediterranean: Differentiated attention to carbon constraint Eastern Mediterranean by countries in the Impacts and Policies issues on a Euro-Mediterranean countries, like other North and South scale. emerging countries, Mediterranean as for Carbon Reduction in The notion of “carbon constraint” apply the principle of part of international the Euro-Mediterranean Region stems from the application of the “common but agreements. It LOUIS BOISGIBAULT, United Nations Framework differentiated sheds light on the MORGAN MOZAS Convention on Climate Change responsibility”, which current and future September 2012 (UNFCCC) and from the Kyoto exempts them from impacts that G The combination of the Protocol that led to the adopting any binding carbon constraint European Union’s energy targets implementation of the EU ETS in emission reductions is likely to generate in the region. for 2020, the inclusion of the European Union countries from goals. The report lists the different international air sector in the EU 2005 . Contrary to European Following on from studies initiatives undertaken in countries Emissions Trading Scheme countries that committed to initiated in 2009 on this issue, in the Southern Mediterranean (EU ETS) since 2012, and the emissions reductions goals IPEMED has published a report and those that could be significant increase in CO2 (“Annex I countries” of UNFCCC presenting current developments developed to implement a emissions in countries to the and “Annex B countries” of Kyoto in the differentiated virtuous regional momentum.
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OUR PARTNERS’ ACTIVITIES.
“The FCE aims to use Ipemed membership to improve Algeria’s image” IN BRIEF
The Algerian Business Leaders’ Forum (FCE) has recently joined Ipemed. To mark the occasion, we went to Algiers to meet its chairman, Réda Hamiani, a company head and former minister for small and mid-sized enterprises, to find out more about the reasons behind the move.
ideas during a transition period marked ple to debate on their centres of interest by a move from a centralized economy and concerns. Ipemed can help us to a liberal economy. Despite the improve the image of our country, build reforms undertaken in the 1990s and up partnerships, and develop the ideas the structural adjustment policies behind moderate liberalism. We are par- implemented with the IMF and the ticularly interested in the quality of rela- World Bank, which are perfectly com- tions between Ipemed members. It’s a patible with free enterprise, the old sys- think tank that produces innovative tem continues to rear its head. There is ideas that help us understand today’s no consensus admitting the benefits of world. We are going to use its support the private sector and making it the dri- to work in this direction. For us, it’s a ver of the economy. challenge that will oblige Algerian employers to move forward, put toge- What are your relations with ther a debate and take on an internatio- the state and what kind of dialogue nal context. is possible? For us, the emphasis should be on dia- Do you have a policy regarding What is the FCE? logue and consultation with the aim of Europe? mobilizing all creative energy. Based on It seems to us that Europeans know lit- The FCE is an independent employers’ this idea, the FCE uses its influence to tle about Algeria. The mostly sensatio- association created in 2000 gathering act at all government levels to achieve nal image put forward by the media business leaders active in the world of consensus on points of view and then does the country a disservice. Euro- industry and services. Its members are implement them. We are waiting for peans see it as an unstable, unsafe major company leaders in Algeria. Our the government to outline its vision of country in which the state intervenes missions are typical for this type of orga- Algeria in 2030, when its oil and gas randomly. Despite this unattractive nization, in other words, moral and reserves will all be gone. The goal environment, the country possesses material defence of members’ interests, should be an economy that gives jobs some great potential and strong points. the desire to influence the country’s eco- to the young, starting with national Growth is at 5% and Algeria has signi- nomic policy, and lobbying for the pri- investment and followed by foreign ficant liquid assets. Today, Europe is vate sector. We defend business values, investment. losing large market shares to new arri- private initiative, and the merits of the vals like China, Turkey and Egypt. We market. Our hope is that the state will Why did the FCE join Ipemed? would like to consolidate our traditional intervene as a regulator rather than a We share the same values as Ipemed links with Europe, which should help stakeholder on an economic level. But and we like the way this think tank us remain within its area of influence. we have had difficulty promoting these works, bringing together business peo- Interview by Agnès Levallois
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PUBLICATION MANAGER: Jean-Louis Guigou EDITOR IN CHIEF: Agnès Levallois CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS ISSUE: Sébastien Abis, Audrey Audusseau, Amal Chevreau, Habiba Hassan-Wassef, Macarena Nuño, Véronique Stéphan, Jean-Louis Rastoin, Kelly Robin TRANSLATION: Anne-Marie Harper PHOTOS : d.r. PRINTING: Mouquet (on PEFC certified paper) CONTACT: [email protected] ISSN 2106-8410
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