CONSTITUTION OF INDIA
* The idea of constitution was originated in Ans : U.S.A * A Constitution is known as Ans : Law of land * The mother of Constitutions Ans : British Constitution * The mother of Parliament Ans : British Parliament * The oldest Constitution in the world Ans : Britain * The land of modern democracy Ans : Britain * The cradle of Democracy Ans : Greece * The home of Direct Democracy Ans : Switzerland * Apex law of a Nation is Ans : Constitution * British Parliament was described as the mother of Parliament by Ans : John Bright * The lengthiest written constitution in the World Ans : Indian constitution * The shortest and the oldest written constitution in the world Ans : American constitution * The Indian constitution is both Ans : Rigid and flexible * Constitution can be divided into two (a)Written Constitution (India, America) (b)Unwritten Constitution (Britain, Israel) * Father of Indian Constitution Ans : Dr. B.R. Ambedkar * Father of American Constitution Ans : James Madison ASHUTOSH SHUKLA OFFICIAL AMERICAN CONSTITUTION
* The nature of US Constitution Ans : Federal * US Constitution came into force in Ans : 1789 * Number of articles Ans : 7 * Amendments of US Constitution Ans : 27 * The fundamental rights of US Constitution Is called Ans : Bill of Rights * Indian Constitution mostly owes to Ans : Government of India Act 1935
CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY
The constitution of India was framed by the Ans : Constituent Assembly * Constituent Assembly was set up under the provisions of the Ans : Cabinet Mission * Cabinet Mission came to India from Ans : Britain * Cabinet Mission came to India on Ans : March 24,1946 * Aim of Cabinet Mission Ans : Helping Indians to frame a constitution by themselves * Members Ans : Lord Pethick Lawrance, Stafford Cripps and A.V. Alexander * Cabinet Mission report was published on Ans : May 16,1946 * The Cabinet Mission was sent to India by Ans : Clement Atlee * The Viceroy of India when the Cabinet Mission reached India Ans : Lord Wavell * Constituent Assembly was set upon Ans : December 6,1946 * The first meeting of Constituent Assembly was held on Ans : December 9,1946 * The first person addressed to the constituent assembly Ans : Acharya J.B. Kripalani * The oldest member of the Constituent Assembly Ans : SachidanandaASHUTOSH Sinha SHUKLA OFFICIAL * The temporary chairman of constituent assembly Ans : Sachidananda Sinha . * Permanent Chairman ‘of the Constituent Assembly Ans : Dr. Rajendra Prasad * The Vice president of the constituent assembly Ans : Harendra Coomar Mukherjee (H.C.Mukherjee) * Constitutional advisor of the constituent assembly Ans : B.N. Rao * The first meeting of Constituent Assembly was attended by Ans : 207 members (including 9 women)
CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY MEMBERS
* Governor's province of British India Ans : 292 * Chief Commissioner's provinces - 4 * Indian princely states - 93 * Dr. Rajendra Prasad became the permanent president of the Constituent Assembly on Ans : December 11,1946 * Total strength of the Constituent Assembly fixed by the Cabinet Mission Ans : 389 * After the partition of India, the total members were reduced to Ans : 299 * Constituent Assembly was a partly elected and partly nominated body. * The number of women members in the constituent assembly Ans : 17 * Total number of Malayalee members of the Constituent Assembly Ans : 17 (3 women)
NO.OF MALAYALEES FROM THE PROVOINCES
9 - from Madras 6 - from Travancore 1 - from Kochi 1 - United Provinces
3 MALAYALEE WOMEN
1.Annie Mascarene 2.Ammu Swaminathan 3.DakshayaniASHUTOSH Velayudhan SHUKLA OFFICIAL * Dr. John Mathai Ans : Malayalee who represented United Provinces in the Constituent Assembly * Panampalli Govinda Menon Ans : Represented Kochi in the Constituent Assembly * Constituent Assembly was divided into Ans : 13 committees (as per PSC answer key. Correct -22) * The most important committee of the Constituent Assembly was Ans : The Drafting committee * Constituent Assembly worked in Ans : 3 phases * 1st phase As Cabinet mission plan (December 6, 1946 - August 14,1947) * 2nd phase As a sovereign body Provisional parliament (August 15, 1947 -November 26,1949) * 3rd phase As Provisional Parliament (November 27, 1949 - March 1952)
DATES TO POINT OUT
* July 22,1947- Adopted National Flag * January 24, 1950 - Adopted National Anthem * January 24,1950 - Adopted National Song * January 26,1950 - Adopted National Emblem * January 28,1950- Supreme Court came into force
DRAFTING COMMITTEE
* The aim of setting up of drafting committee is Ans : To draft a constitution * The Constituent Assembly set up a Drafting Committee on Ans : August 29,1947 * The chairman of the Drafting Committee Ans : Dr. B.R. Ambedkar * Draft Constitution was prepared by the Committee and submitted to the assembly, on Ans : November 4,1947 * The Constituent Assembly met for the first time as Legislative Assembly on Ans : November 17, 1947 * The Speaker of the first Legislative Assembly met on Nov 17, 1947 Ans : Dr. G.V. Mavlankar * The Constituent assembly adopted or enacted the constitution of India on Ans : November 26,1949 * The ConstitutionASHUTOSH of India came into being SHUKLA or notified on OFFICIAL Ans : January 26,1950 * The original Constitution consists of Ans : 395 Articles, 8 Schedules and 22 Parts
DIFFERENT COMMITTEES
HEAPS
* Fundamental Rights and Minority Committee - Sardar Vallabhai Patel * Provincial Constitution Committee -Sardar Vallabhai Patel * Union Constitution Committee - Jawaharlal Nehru * State Committee - Jawaharlal Nehru * Union Power Committee - Jawaharlal Nehru * Committee on the rule of Procedure -Dr.Rajendra Prasad * Finance and Staff Committee -Dr.Rajendra Prasad * Flag Committee - Dr.Rajendra Prasad * Adhoc Committee on National Flag -Dr.Rajendra Prasad * House Committee - B. Pattabhi Sitaramayya * Credential Committee - Alladi Krishnaswami Iyer * Minority Sub Committee - H.C.Mukherjee * Fundamental Rights Sub Committee -J.B.Kripalani * Order of Business Committee -K.M.Munshi * Language Committee - Moorthi Satyanarayanan
CONSTITUTION - 2
* The Republic day is observed on Ans : January 26 * Law day is observed on Ans : November 26 * Indian people observed the first Independence Day following the Purna Swaraj resolution passed at the Lahore Congress session on Ans : January 26,1930 * The total time taken by the Constituent Assembly to frame the Constitution Ans : 2 year 11 months and 17 days (as per PSC answer; correct -18 days) * The final session of the Constituent Assembly was held on Ans : January 24, 1950 * Cover page of Indian Constitution was designed by Ans : Nandalal Bose * The draftASHUTOSH of Indian constitution was prepared SHUKLA by OFFICIAL Ans : B.N. Rao * Who put forward the idea of Constitution of India Ans : M.N. Roy * Which political party demanded for a separate constitution for India Ans : Swaraj Party * Which session of INC demanded for a separate constitution for India Ans : Faizapur session of 1937 (headed by Jawaharlal Nehru) * Demand for separate constitution for India was accepted by British Government through Ans : August Offer of 1940
DR. B.R. AMBEDKAR
* Popularly known as Ans : Baba Saheb * Father of Indian Constitution * Architect of Indian Constitution * First Union Law Minister * Known as Modern Manu and Modern Buddha * Mahar Movement for the untouchable was formed by Ans : Dr.B.R.Ambedkar * The political leader who attended all the three Round Table Conferences Ans : Dr.B.R.Ambedkar * The publications like Mooknayak and Bahishkrit bharat were started by Ans : Dr.B.R.Ambedkar * Independent Labour Party was founded by Dr. Ambedkar in Ans : 1936 * All India Scheduled Caste Federation was founded by Ambedkar in Ans : 1942 * People's Education Society was founded by Ambedkar in Ans : 1945 * Ambedkar followed Buddhism in Ans : 1956 * He described which Article as the heart and soul of Indian Constitution Ans : Article 32 * December 6, the death day of Ambedkar is now observed as Ans : Mahaparinirvan diwas * He got Bharath Ratna in 1990 posthumously * April 14, the birthday of Ambedkar is observed as Ans : Water Day * The coins released by the RBI in memory of Dr.B.R.Ambedkar in 2015 Ans : 10, 125 * "History cannot forget Dr.Ambedkar" are the words of Ans : GandhijiASHUTOSH SHUKLA OFFICIAL * Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar Memorial is situated at Ans : London
MEMBERS OF DRAFTING COMMITTEE
* Dr. B.R. Ambedkar * K.M. Munshi * Muhammed Saadullah * Alladi Krishnaswami Ayyar * N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar * D.P. Khaitan (died in 1948 replaced by T.T. Krishnamachari) * B.L. Mitter (because of ill health, he was replaced by N. Madhava Rao)
THE PREAMBLE
The base of preamble was Ans : 'Objective resolution' The objective resolution which became the Preamble of Constitution was presented by Ans : Jawaharlal Nehru The objective resolution was presented on Ans : December 13,1946 * Preamble of India starts with Ans : "WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA" * The summary of the Constitution contains in Ans : The Preface * Idea of Preamble was borrowed from the constitution of Ans : USA * Preamble declares that the sovereignty or Supreme power in India belongs to the Ans : People * According to Preamble, India is a Sovereign - Socialist - Secular -Democratic - Republic * Sovereign - No external power candictate the Government of India * Socialist - Implies social and economic equality * Secular - The government respects all religions * Democratic - Election of Government by Universal adult franchise * Republic - Head of the State is elected directly or indirectly for a fixed tenure * Preamble is not enforceable in a court of law, so it is Ans : Non-justifiable
COMMENTS ABOUT PREAMBLE
* Preamble is the key to its makers Ans : SupremeASHUTOSH Court SHUKLA OFFICIAL * Identity card of the Constitution Ans : N.A. Palkhivala * Political Horoscope Ans : K.M. Munshi * Key to Constitution Ans : Earnest Barker * Heart and soul of Constitution Ans : Thakur das bhargava * Soul and key to the constitution Ans : Jawaharlal Nehru
CONSTITUTION OF INDIA CONTROVERSIAL CASES ON INDIAN PREAMBLE
1.Beeru - Bari case (1960) * The case held in 1960 stated that preamble is not a part of Constitution of India * Justice Gajendragadkar delivered the unanimous opinion of the Court. 2.Kesavananda Bharati case(1973) * It is the case between Kesavananda Bharathi V/s State of Kerala * Declared that preamble is the part of the constitution 3.Sajjan Singh V/s State of Rajasthan * Declared preamble is the sum and substance of Constitution * Justice - J.R.Mudholkar 4.Golaknath V/s State of Punjab * Declared preamble is the synopsis of these principles on which government has to work upon * Justice - Hidayatullah * The preamble of the Indian constitution was adopted by the constituent assembly on Ans : January 22,1947 * Only date mentioned in Indian preamble is Ans : November 26,1949 * The words Socialist, Secular and Unity were added to the Preamble by the Ans : 42nd Amendment 1976
BORROWED FROM
* Office of the Governor Ans : Government of India Act 1935 Ans : PSC * PSC-Government of India Act 1935 Ans : Federal Court * Government of India Act 1935 * Rule of Law - Britain * Parliamentary form of Government -Britain * SingleASHUTOSH Citizenship - Britain SHUKLA OFFICIAL * Writ - Britain * Office of CAG - Britain * Bicameralism - Britain * Law Making Procedure - Britain * Fundamental Rights - USA * Preamble - USA * Impeachment of the President - USA * Judicial Review - USA * Functions of Vice President - USA * Supreme Court - USA * Union List - Canada * State List - Canada * Residuary Power - Canada * Governor - Canada * Federation with strong centre - Canada * Directive Principles of State Policy -Ireland * Presidential Election - Ireland * Nomination of Members to Rajya Sabha - Ireland * Liberty, Equality and Fraternity - France * Republic- France * Fundamental duties - Russia * Five Year Plans - Russia * Concurrent List - Australia * Joint Sitting - Australia * Freedom of Trade and Commerce - Australia * Procedure established by Law - Japan * Emergency - Germany * Amendment of the Constitution - South Africa
CONSTITUTION OF INDIA UNIFICATION OF PRINCELY STATES
* Total princely states in India at the time of Indian Independence Ans : Around 565 * The man who ably handled the unification of India Ans : Sardar Vallabhai Patel * The Malayali who helped Patel in the unification of India was Ans : V.P. Menon * The Secretary to the States which was formed for the unification of princely states Ans : V.P. Menon * The three states which did not join the Indian union voluntarily Ans : Kashmir, Junagarh and Hyderabad * Kashmir was annexed to India through Ans : The Instrument of Accession * JunagarhASHUTOSH was annexed to India through SHUKLA OFFICIAL Ans : Referendum * Hyderabad was annexed to India by Army operation called Ans : Operation Polo
STATES REORGANISATION ACT
* The Commission appointed by the Government to examine state reorganisation on a linguistic basis Ans : S.K. Dhar in 1948 * The first Committee which did not recommend for reorganisation of states on linguistic basis Ans : S.K. Dhar Committee * The Congress Committee appointed in 1948 under Jawaharlal Nehru, Sardar Patel and Pattabhi Sitaramayya is known as Ans : JVP committee * The first linguistic state came into being Ans : Andhra Pradesh * Andhra Pradesh came into being on Ans : October 1,1953 * Andhra was formed after a 56 days of fast unto death of Ans : Potty Sriramalu
14 STATES AND 6 UNION TERRITORIES AS ON NOVEMBER 1ST,1956
* Andhra Pradesh * Assam * Bihar * Bombay * Jammu and Kashmir * Kerala * Madhya Pradesh * Madras State * Mysore State * Orissa * Punjab * Rajasthan * Uttar Pradesh * West Bengal
UNION TERRITORIES
* Himachal Pradesh * Andaman and Nicobar Islands * Delhi * Laccadive,ASHUTOSH Mirncoy and Amandivi islands SHUKLA OFFICIAL * Manipur * Tripura * State reorganization on linguistic basis was recommended by Ans : Fazal Ali Commission * The state Re-organisation Act was passed in Ans : 1956 * After independence, 14 states and 6 Union Territories came into force on linguistic basis on Ans : November 1,1956
ARTICLES
* Article 1 - Name and Territory of the union * Article 3 - Alteration of areas, boundaries and name of existing states, formation of new states * Article 5-11- Citizenship * Article 13 - Judicial Review
RIGHT TO EQUALITY (14 TO 18)
* Article 14 - Equality before law * Article 15 - Prohibition of discrimination on grounds, only of religion, race caste, sex or place of birth * Article 16 - Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment * Article 17 - Abolition of untouchability * Article 18 - Abolition of Titles
RIGHT TO FREEDOM (19-22)
Article 19 - deals with six fundamental freedoms of Indian citizenship Article 19(a)-freedom of Speech and expression (Freedom of press) Aitide 19(b)-To assemble peacefully without arms Article 20-Protection in respect of conviction for offence Article 21-Protection of life and personal liberty Article 21A-Right to elementary education Article 22-Protection against arbitrary arrest and detention.
RIGHT AGAINST EXPLOITATION (23-24)
* Article 23 - Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour * Article 24 - Prohibits the employment of children below 14 years of age * Article 25-28- Right to freedom of Religion
CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL RIGHT (29-30)
* ArticleASHUTOSH 29 - Protection of Interests of minorities SHUKLA OFFICIAL * Article 30 - Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions. * Article 32 - Right to constitutional Remedies
DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY (36-51)
* Article 39A- Equal Justice and free legal aid to the poor
THE CHIEF MINISTER (ARTICLE - 164)
* The head of the state government Ans : The Chief Minister * The position of the Chief Minister at the state level is analogous to the position of Ans : The Prime Minister * The Chief Minister is appointed by the Governor under article Ans : 164 * The oath of office and secrecy to the ministers are administered by Ans : The Governor * A person who is not a member of the state - legislature can be appointed the Chief Minister only for Ans : Six months (within which he should become a member of state legislature) * Advocate General, Chairman and members of the State Public Service Commission, State Election Commissioner etc. are appointed by the Governor on the advice of Ans : The Chief Minister * The Chairman of the State Planning Board Ans : The Chief Minister * The dissolution of the State Legislative Assembly can be recommended to the Governor at any time by Ans : The Chief Minister * The meetings of the Council of Ministers in a state is presided over by Ans : The Chief Minister * First woman Chief Minister of a State in India Ans : Sucheta Kripalani * First Malayalee woman to become the Chief Minister of a State in India Ans : Janaki Ramachandran * Longest serving Chief Minister of a state in India Ans : Jyoti Basu * Longest serving woman Chief Minister Ans : Sheila Dikshit * Shortest serving Chief Minister of a state in India Ans : Jagdambika Pal (3days - UP) * First Chief Minister who had IAS Ans : Ajit Jogi * First MuslimASHUTOSH woman Chief Minister of a SHUKLAState in India OFFICIAL Ans : Syeda Anwara Taimur * The only person who became the Chief Minister of two states in India Ans : N.D. Tiwari * The youngest Chief Minister of a state in India Ans : M.O.H.Farook * First film actor to become the Chief Minister Ans : M.G.Ramachandran * The poorest Chief Minister of India Ans : Manik Sarkar * First Chief Minister who lose in an election Ans : Shibu Soren
STATE LEGISLATURE
* The state legislature consists of Ans : The Governor and one or two houses * If the state has only one house, it is known as Ans : Legislative Assembly * If the state has two houses, the house other than Legislative Assembly is known as * The state having one house is called Ans : Unicameral * The state having two houses is called Ans : Bicameral * The upper house of a State Legislature Ans : Legislative council * The permanent house of a bicameral system Ans : Legislative council * The house which cannot be dissolved Ans : Legislative council * One third of the members of Legislative Council retires on the expiry of every Ans : Two years * Number of states having Unicameral system in India Ans : 22 ie: having only Legislative Assembly * Number of states having Bicameral system in India Ans : 7 ie: having both Legislative Assembly and Legislative Council
STATE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY (VIDHAN SABHA)
* The State Legislative Assembly consists of representatives directly elected by Ans : TheASHUTOSH people SHUKLA OFFICIAL * The total memebership of a Legislative Assembly shall be fixed according to the strength of Ans : Population * The maximum strength of a Legislative Assembly in a state Ans : 500 * The minimum strength of a Legislative Assembly in a state Ans : 60 * One member from the Anglo Indian Community to the Legislative Assembly is nominated by Ans : The Governor * The tenure of a member of the Legislative Assembly is Ans : 5 years * To become a member of the Legislative assembly, one must be a citizen of India and must have attained the age of 25 years. * The presiding officer of the Legislative Assembly is known as Ans : The Speaker * The functions of the speaker of the Assembly is analogous to that of the speaker of the Ans : Lok Sabha * Money bills of a state can be introduced only in the Ans : Legislative Assembly * In the absence of the Speaker, the duties of the Speaker are taken by Ans : The Deputy Speaker
LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL (VIDHAN PARISHAD)
* The upper house in those states of India that have a bicameral legislature Ans : Legislative Council * States having Bi-cameral Legislature Ans : Uttar Pradesh ,Andhra Pradesh,Telangana, Bihar,Maharashtra,Karnataka, Jammu & Kashmir * Permanent house of a State is Ans : Legislative Council * Minimum age limit to become a member of Legislative Council Ans : 30 * The term of members of Legislative Council Ans : 6 years * Minimum strength of a Legislative Council Ans : 40 (But Jammu & Kashmir has only 36 members)
ATTORNEY GENERAL (ARTICLE 76)
The highest law officer in India Ans : AttorneyASHUTOSH General SHUKLA OFFICIAL Chief Legal Advisor to the Government of India Ans : Attorney General The Article which deals with the Attorney General Ans : Article 76 * Attorney General is appointed by the Ans : The President * Attorney General holds office during the pleasure of Ans : The President * Attorney General should have the qualification to be a Ans : Judge of the Supreme Court * The term of Office of the Attorney General is not fixed by the constitution * Attorney General is removed from his office by Ans : The President * Attorney General gives his resignation to Ans : The President * The Law officer who has the right to appear all courts in India Ans : Attorney General * A non member of the Cabinet who has the right to speak in the houses of Parliament or any Parliamentary Committee, though he has no right to vote (Article 88) Ans : Attorney General * The law officer who is assisted by two Solicitors General and four Assistant Solicitors General Ans : Attorney General * The second law officer of India Ans : Solicitor General * Solicitor General is appointed for a period of Ans : 3 years person who became Attorney General twice. Soll Sorabji * A non member of the state legislative assembly who has the right to speak though he has no right to vote Ans : Advocate General * First Attorney General of India Ans : M.C.Setalwad * Present Attorney General of India Ans : K.K.Venugopal * The longest serving Attorney General of India Ans : C.K. Daphtary * Present Solicitor General of India Ans : Ranjith kumar * The Person who become Attorney General twice Ans : Soli Sorabji
ADVOCATEASHUTOSH GENERAL (ARTICLE - 165) SHUKLA OFFICIAL
* Highest Law Officer in a State Ans : Advocate General * Advocate General is appointed by Ans : The Governor * The qualification of Advocate General is equivalent to the qualifications of a Ans : High Court Judge * The law officer who has the right to appear all courts in a State Ans : Advocate General * First Advocate General of Kerala Ans : K.V.Suryanarayana Iyer * Present Advocate General of Kerala Ans : C.P.Sudhakara Prasad
THE COMPTROLLER AND AUDITOR GENERAL (ARTICLE 148-151)
* The head of Indian Audit and Accounts Department Ans : Comptroller and Auditor General of India * Article which deals with CAG Ans : Article 148 * Article which deals with the power and duties of CAG Ans : Article 149 * The guardian of public purse Ans : CAG * CAG is appointed and removed by the Ans : The President * CAG holds the office until he attains the age of Ans : 65 years or at the expiry of the 6 years term, whichever is earlier * The CAG submits the report of audit to Ans : The President or the Governor * "Ears and Eyes of the Public Accounts Committee" Ans : CAG * CAG can be removed by President, in the same manner as in which the Judges of Supreme Court are removed * After retirement CAG is not eligible for further office in Centre or State * CAG has no control over the issue of money from the consolidated fund of India or of any state * CAG's salary is met from Ans : The Consolidated Fund of India * The salary of CAG is equal to that of a Ans : Judge of the Supreme Court * First CAG of India Ans : V.Narahari Rao * PresentASHUTOSH CAG of India SHUKLA OFFICIAL Ans : Shashikant Sharma (12th) * Watchdog of public purse Ans : CAG * Watchdog of merit system Ans : UPSC * Watchdog of human rights Ans : NHRC * Initially the number of Judges in the Supreme Court Ans : The Chief Justice and 7 other judges * The power to increase or decrease the number of judges of the Supreme Court rests with Ans : The Parliament * The Chief Justice is appointed by the President in consultation with other judges of the Supreme Court and Ans : The High Court * The other Judges are appointed by the President after consultation with the Chief Justice and other judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts * The senior most judge of the Supreme Court is appointed by Ans : The Chief Justice of India * The Oath of affirmation to the judges of the Supreme Court is administered by The Ans : President * Supreme Court judges retire upon attaining the age of 65 years * A judge may voluntarily resign before expiry of his term by writing to the President * The salaries of the judges of the Supreme Court (Article 125) are drawn from the Ans : Consolidated fund * The Salary of the Chief Justice of Supreme Court Ans : One lakh * The Salary of the other judges in Supreme Court Ans : 90,000
QUALIFICATION OF JUDGES OF THE SUPREME COURT
* Should be a citizen of India * He should have been a judge of a High Court for five years continously; or * He should have been an advocate of aHigh court for ten years in continuation; or * He should be a distinguished jurist in the opinion of the President
REMOVAL OF JUDGES
* A judge of Supreme Court can be removed by the President under Article Ans : 124(4) * The grounds of removal are Ans : ProvedASHUTOSH misbehaviour or incapacity SHUKLA OFFICIAL * A removal motion signed by 100 members (Lok Sabha) or 50 members (Rajya Sabha) is to be given to the Ans : Speaker / Chairman * The Speaker or Chairman may or may not admit the removal motion * If admitted, the Speaker / Chairman constitutes a 3 member enquiry committee The committee should consist of (a)the Chief Justice or a Judge of the Supreme Court (b)a Chief Justice of a High Court and (c)a distinguished jurist * If the committee finds the judge to be guilty of misbehaviour or suffering from incapacity, the house can consider the motion. * A motion of removal of a judge of the Supreme Court must be passed by each House separately by a majority of Ans : two third of the members of the House * After the motion is passed by both the Houses by special majority it is sent to the President, finally the President gives his order of removal of the judge concerned * The first case of impeachment of a judge in India was against Justice V. Ramaswami of the Supreme Court in May 1993 * Justice Soumitra Sen, a judge of Calcutta High Court was impeached in 2011 on charges of corruption by the Ans : Rajya Sabha
ACTING CHIEF JUSTICE
* The President can appoint a judge of the Supreme Court as an acting Chief Justice of India when (a)the office of the Chief Justice of India is vacant or (b)the Chief Justice of India is temporarily absent or (c)the Chief Justice of India is unable to perform the duties of his office
JURISDICTION AND POWERS OF THE SUPREME COURT
* The Supreme Court exercises five types of jurisdiction namely: (a)Original jurisdiction (b)Appellate jurisdiction (c)Writ jurisdiction (d)Advisory jurisdiction (e)Revisory jurisdiction ASHUTOSH SHUKLA OFFICIAL
(a) Original Jurisdiction
* In any dispute involving a question of law between the union government and one or two states, or between two or more states, the Supreme Court has Original Jurisdiction * Article which deals with original jurisdiction of Supreme Court Ans : Article 131
(b) Appellate Jurisdiction
* The highest appellate Court in India Supreme Court * Usually appellate jurisdiction applies to cases certified by the High Courts as fit for appeal. Even if High Court doesn't certify a case fit for appeal, the Supreme Court can allow special leave * The appeals can be filed in civil, criminal and constitutional cases
(c) Writ Jurisdiction
* Writ Jurisdiction is given to the Supreme Court under Article Ans : 32 * Under article 32, any individual can move the Supreme Court directly if there has been infringement of Ans : Fundamental Right * To enforce the fundamental rights, the Supreme Court can issue five types of writs: Ans : Habeas Corpus, Mandamas, Quo Warranto, Certiorari and Prohibition
(d) Advisory Jurisdiction
* The article provides the President to refer to the Supreme Court a question of law or a question of fact of public importance for its opinion Ans : Article 143 * The article provides for the enlargement of jurisdiction of the Supreme Court by the Parliament Ans : Article 138
(e) Revisory Jurisdiction ASHUTOSH SHUKLA OFFICIAL * The Supreme Court can review any judgement made by it to correct the mistakes that have crept in the order under Article Ans : 137
JUDICIAL REVIEW
* The power of Supreme Court and High Court to review or examine a law passed by the legislatures and see whether that law is within the frame work of the constitution or not is called Ans : Judicial Review * The Supreme Court and High Court of India exercise judicial review as the Principle of procedure established by law * Judicial Review is'dealt with in Article 13 * India adopted the idea of Judicial Review from the Ans : USA
JUDICIAL ACTIVISM
* A superior Court issues a direction to the government officials or executives to perform certain duties in time if they fails to do so * Such directions are issued by the court on the strength of public interest litigation to serve the general interest of the society * The idea of public, interest litigation in India was introduced by Ans : P.N.Bhagwati * Eventhough all the judgements and orders passed by the Supreme Court are binding on all the courts in India, they are not binding on Ans : The Supreme Court
HIGH COURTS
* The highest court of Appeal in the State Ans : The High Court * Article deals with the High Courts Ans : Part VI, Article 214 * The head of judiciary at the State or Union territory level Ans : The High Court * Indian High Court Act was passed in Ans : 1861 * Indian High Court Act was passed during the period of Ans : LordASHUTOSH Canning SHUKLA OFFICIAL * First High Court was inaugurated in India during the period of Ans : John Lawrence * The oldest High Court in India Ans : The Calcutta High Court (August 14,1862) * Madras and Bombay are the other two Highcourts established in Ans : 1862 * Judges of the High courts are appointed by Ans : The President * Judges of the High courts are removed by the President on the same grounds and manner as the judges of the Supreme court are removed * Chief Justice of High court and other judges are appointed by the President in consultation with the Chief Justice of India . and the Governor of the state * The Oath of affirmation of the judges to the High Court is administered by Ans : The Governor * Judges of the High Court shall hold office until they attain the age of Ans : 62 years * A judge of the High Court can resign his office by writing to Ans : The President * Judges can be removed from office only by Ans : Impeachment (with a resolution passed by the parliament of two third majority) * The salary of the Chief Justice of a High Court Ans : Rs. 90000 * The salary of the other judges of High Court Ans : Rs. 80,000 * The salaries and allowances of judges of High courts are charged upon the Ans : Consolidated Fund of the state * Pension of High Court judges is charged upon the Ans : Consolidated fund of India * The High court has the power to issue writs under Article ' Ans : 226 * The only Union Territory having a High Court of its own Ans : Delhi * The number of High Courts at present in India Ans : 24 * The states namely Meghalaya, Manipur and Tripura got their own High Courts in Ans : 2013 * The High Court having the most' number of states under its jurisdiction (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Nagaland, Mizoram) Ans : Guwahati High Court * The High Court having the most number of judges Ans : Allahabad High Court * The High Courts haying the least number of judges Ans : Sikkim, Meghalaya (3 Judges) * First IndianASHUTOSH to Chief Justice of a High Court SHUKLA OFFICIAL Ans : Phani Bhushan Chakravartti (Calcutta High Court) * First Indian to become the Jud Ans : Sambhunath Pandit * First woman Chief Justice of a High Court Ans : Leela Seth (Himachal Pradesh) * First woman Advocate in India Ans : Cornelia Sorabji * First woman Magistrate in India. Ans : Omana Kunjamma * First Indian to become a Chief Justice of a High Court in free, India Ans : M.C.Chagla * The jurisdiction of Andaman and Nicobar islands comes under the Ans : Calcutta HighCourt * The High Court which started the Green Bench Ans : Calcutta Hlgh Court * India's first women Court Ans : Malda(West Bengal) * The special Bench of High Court to deal with the criminal cases related to offences against women and children was started in Ans : February 1,2013
* The creation of the Lokayukta in the States was recommended by Ans : The Administrative Reforms Commission (1966-1970) * This institution which is known as the watch dog of the administration and protector of the common man Ans : Lokayukta * The person appointed Lokayukta is usually a Ans : Former High Court Chief Justice or former Supreme Court Judge * The Lokayukta consists of Ans : Lokayukta and two Upa lokayuktas * The Lokayukta and Upa lokayuktas are appointed on the advice of the - Chief Minister, in consultation with the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly and the Leader of the Opposition * Lokayukta and Upa lokayukta can resign by submitting their resignation to the Ans : The Governor * The term of appointment of Lokayukta and Upa Lokayukta is Ans : Five years * Salaries and allowances of Lokayukta and Upa lokayuktas are from the Ans : Consolidated fund of the state * Salary of Lokayukta is equal to that of the Ans : Chief Justice of High Court (Rs. 90,000) * Salary of Upa Lokayukta is equal to that of the Ans : Judge of High Court (Rs. 80,000) * The power to remove Lokayukta or Upa Lokayukta is vested with the Ans : StateASHUTOSH Legislative Assembly SHUKLA OFFICIAL * Lokayukta has to present a consolidated report annually to Ans : The Governor * First state in India to pass the Lokayukta act Ans : Odisha (1970) * First state in India to appoint Lokayukta Ans : Maharashtra (1971) * The Lokayukta came into force in Odisha in Ans : 1983 * First Lokayukta of Kerala Ans : Justice P.C. Balakrishna Menon * Present Lokayukta of Kerala Ans : Justice Pius.C. Kuriakose
ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNALS
* Article deals with Administrative Tribunal Ans : Article 323 A * Article 323 A was introduced to the Constitution by Ans : 42nd Amendment (1976) * The Part which deals with the Central and the State Administrative Tribunals Ans : XIV-A * The disputes relating to the recruitment and conditions of service of persons appointed to public service of the Centre, States, local bodies, public corporations and other public authorities are dealt by Ans : Central and the State Administrative Tribunals * The Parliament enacted the Administrative Tribunal act in Ans : 1985 * The Chairman and the Vice-Chairman of the Tribunal enjoy the status of a Ans : High Court Judge * The retirement age of the Chairman and Vice Chairman Ans : 65 years or for a term of 5 years * The chairman, vice-chairman and members of the CAT and SATs are appointed by the Ans : The President * Central Administrative Tribunal consists of Ans : One Chairman, 16 Vice Chairman, 46 Members
LOK ADALAT
* Lok adaiat is otherwise known as Ans : People Court * The redressel mechanism which settle dispute through conciliation and compromise Ans : Lok Adalat * PermanentASHUTOSH Lok Adaiat was introduced forSHUKLA the first in south India OFFICIAL Ans : Thiruvananthapuram * The First Lok Adaiat was held in Ans : Gujarat (1982) * Total members of Lok Adaiat including the Chairman Ans : 3 * The court fee of Lok Adaiat Ans : No Court fee
STATES IN THE B PART OF THE FIRST SCHEDULE (PART VII, ARTICLE -238)
* The article which deals with the definitions of States Ans : Article 152 * The Part which was repealed from the Indian Constitution Ans : Part VII * The article which is dealt with in Part VII Ans : Article 238 * The Constitutional amendment which repealed Part VII from the Indian Constitution Ans : 78th Amendment (1956) * The Committees which recommended that States need not be formed on the basis of Languages : Ans : S.K.Dhar Committee (1948) J.V.P Committee (1948 -appointed by INC) * The Committee which recommended that States should be formed on the basis of Languages : Ans : Fazal Ali Committee (Members : Fazal Ali, K.M. Panikkar and H. N. Kunzru) * The Malayalee member of Fazal Ali Committee Ans : Sardar K.M.Panikkar * Total number of States and Union Territories which came on November 1, 1956 on the basis of Languages Ans : 14 States and 6 Union Territories
JAN LOKPAL BILL
* 'The protector of the People' is the meaning of Ans : Lokpal * Jan Lokpal Bill is also referred as Ans : Citizen's Ombudsman Bill * The term Lokpal was coined by Ans : L.M.Singhvi * The term Lokpal was coined in the year Ans : 1963 * LokpalASHUTOSH bill was introduced in the Parliament SHUKLA for the first time in OFFICIAL Ans : 1968 * Lokpal bill was introduced in the Parliament for the first time by Ans : Shanti Bhushan * The person who observed fasting for passing the Lokpal bill Ans : Anna Hazare * The organisation concerned with the introduction of the Lokpal bill Ans : India Against Corruption * Anna Hazare left 'India Against Corruption' to form another organization called Ans : Janatantra Morcha * Arvind Kejriwal left 'India Against Corruption' to form the political party called Ans : Aam Aadmi Party * The political parties which were against the introduction of the bill Jan Lokpal Ans : Shiv Sena and Samajwadi Party * The Jan Lokpal bill was finally passed by the Rajya Sabha on Ans : December 17,2013 * The Jan Lokpal bill was finally passed by the Lok Sabha on Ans : December 18,2013 * The Jan Lokpal got the assent of the President on Ans : January 1, 2014 * Total number of members in Jan Lokpal including the Chairman Ans : 9 * Percentage of Judicial members in Jan Lokpal Ans : 50% * For an investigation against the Prime Minister, the Jan Lokpal Samiti should get the support of atleast Ans : Two third (2/3) of its members * The number of members in Jan Lokpal Section Samiti Ans : 5 (Prime Minister, Opposition Leader, Lok Sabha Speaker, Supreme Court Chief Justice or Supreme Court Judge, A jurist nominated by the President)
■ 14 STATES FORMED ON NOV 1, 1956
* Assam Andhra Pradesh * Bihar Bombay * Kerala Kashmir * Madhya Pradesh Madras * Mysore Punjab * Rajasthan Uttar Pradesh * West Bengal Orissa
■ 6 UNION TERRITORIES FORMED ON NOV 1,1956
* Himachal Pradesh - Manipur * TripuraASHUTOSH - Delhi SHUKLA OFFICIAL * Lakshadweep - Andaman and Nicobar
UNION TERRITORIES (PART VIII, ARTICLE 239-242)
* The administrative head of the Union Territories Ans : Lieutenant Governor * The Lieutenant Governor is appointed by Ans : The President * The Union Territories having Legislative Assembly Ans : Delhi and Puducherry * The Union Territory which spreads to three states Ans : Puducherry * The Budget of the Union Territories which do not have Legislative Assembly are presented by Ans : Lok Sabha * The number of Union Territories in India Ans : 7
PANCHAYATI RAJ (PART IX, ARTICLE 243)
* The term 'Panchayati Raj' was first introduced by Ans : Jawaharlal Nehru * 'Panchayati Raj' was constitutionalized through the Ans : 73rd amendment (1992) * Article and Part of the Indian consititution that mandates for the establishment of Panchayati Raj Institutions in India Ans : Article 40 under Part IV (Directive Principles of State Policy) * Panchayati Raj Act came into force on Ans : April 24,1993 * National Panchayati Raj Day is observed since Ans : 2011 * Panchayats are formed under article Ans : 243 B * The Legislative body which has the power to make legislations of Panchayati Raj System Ans : State Legislature (Article 243 C) * The article which deals with the reservation wards in Panchayats Ans : 243 D * The article which deals with the duration of a Panchayat Samiti Ans : 243 E * The article which deals with the election of Panchayats Ans : 243 K * The Panchayati Raj was inaugurated in India on Ans : October 2,1959
BALWANTASHUTOSH RAI MEHTA COMMITTEE (1957)SHUKLA OFFICIAL
* The Balwant Rai Mehta Committee was headed by Ans : M.P. Balwant Rai Mehta * The Government of India appointed the Balwant Rai Mehta Committee in Ans : 1957 * The Balwant Rai Mehta Committee submitted its recommendations to the government in Ans : 1957 * The father of Panchayathi Raj in India Ans : Balwant Rai Mehta * The Committee recommended for the establishment of a three tier Panchayati Raj system Ans : Balwant Rai Mehta Committee (1957 November) * The Panchayati Raj expert who participated in the Bardoli Satyagraha Ans : Balwant Rai Mehta * The second Chief Minister of Gujarat Ans : Balwant Rai Mehta * The three tier Panchayati Raj System consists of: Ans : Grama Panchayat at the Village level Panchayat Samiti at the Block level Zila Parishad at the District level * As per the recommendations of the Balwant Rai Mehta Committee the Panchayat samiti should be an Ans : Executive body * As per the recommendations of the Balwant Rai Mehta Committee the Zila -Parishad should be the Ans : Advisory, co-ordinating and supervisory body * As per the recommendations of the Balwant Rai Mehta Committee, the chairman of the zila parishad is Ans : The District Collector * The recommendations of the Committee were accepted by the National Development Council in Ans : January 1958 * First state to establish Panchayati Raj in India Ans : Rajasthan * Panchayati Raj system was inaugurated by Ans : Jawahar Lal Nehru (on October 2,1959 in Nagur district) * Second state in India and the first state in South India to introduce Panchayat Raj (1959) Ans : Andhra Pradesh
ASHOK MEHTA COMMITTEE
* The Ashok Mehta Committee was appointed by the Ans : Janata Government (Dec 1977) * The Ashok Mehta Committee was headed by Ans : AshokASHUTOSH Mehta SHUKLA OFFICIAL * The prominent Malayalee member in Ashok Mehta Committee Ans : E.M.S * The Committee known as Committee on Panchayati Raj Institutions Ans : Ashok Mehta Committee * The Ashok Mehta Committee submitted its report in Ans : 1978 * The Committee which recommended that the 3 tier system should be replaced by the 2 tier system Ans : Ashok Mehta Committee * The Committee recommended that the upper tier would be the Ans : Zila Parishad (at the district level) * The Committee recommended that the lower tier should be the Ans : Mandal Panchayat * As per the recommendations of Ashok Mehta Committee, the executive body responsible for planning at the district level Ans : Zila parishad * The committee which recommended that seats in Panchayati Raj system for SCs and STs should be reserved on the basis of their population Ans : Ashok Mehta Committee * The recommendations of Ashok Mehta Committee was passed by the Lok Sabha on Ans : December 22,1992 * The recommendations of Ashok Mehta Committee was passed by the Rajyasabha on Ans : December 23,1992 * Finally it was introduced in Indian constitution through the 73rd constitutional amendment act of 1992and came into force in April 24,1993 * The amendment which added a new part (Part IX) and Article 243 to 243 'O' to the constitution of India Ans : 73rd Amendement act
PANCHAYATI RAJ ACT does not apply to the states of * Jammu and Kashmir * Nagaland * Meghalaya * Mizoram
G.V.K Rao Committee
* The Committee followed the Ashok Mehta Committee for examining the existing administration structure of rural development Ans : G.V.KASHUTOSH Rao Committee (1985) SHUKLA OFFICIAL * An Administrative arrangement for rural development and poverty alleviation programmes appointed by the Planning Commission in 1985 Ans : G.V.K Rao Committee * The Committee which recommended that Elections to the Panchayat Raj institutions should be held regularly Ans : G.V.K Rao Committee
L.M. SINGHVI COMMITTEE (1986)
* L.M. Singhvi Committee was appointed by Ans : Rajiv Gandhi government (1986) * The committee appointed for revitalisation of Panchayati Raj Institutions for democracy and development Ans : L.M. Singhvi Committee * The committee which recommended that Panchayati Raj institutions be given constitutional status, through adding a new chapter to the constitution of India Ans : L.M. Singhvi Committee * The Committee best known for recommending the constitutional status for Panchayats Ans : L.M. Singhvi Committee * The committee which recommended that villages should be reorganised to make Grama Panchayat more viable Ans : L.M. Singhvi Committee * The committee which recommended that Nyaya Panchayats should be established for a cluster of village Ans : L.M. Singhvi Committee * As. per the recommendations of Singhvi Committee, the embodiment of direct democracy is Ans : Grama Sabha
PANCHAYATI RAJ ACT
* Three tier system with Grama Panchayats at village level, Block Panchayat at intermediary level and Zila Panchayat at district level. * All the members of the panchayats at the village, Intermediate and district levels shall be elected directly by the Ans : People * The President of Block and District Panchayats are indirectly elected from amongst the Ans : Elected members * The post of a Panchayati Raj Institution which is to be elected in the manner in which the state legislature decides Ans : President of Grama Panchayat * The Act provides for the reservation of seats for SCs and STs * In Kerala,ASHUTOSH the reservation for women has SHUKLA been increased to half (50%)OFFICIAL of total seats * Kerala Panchayat Raj Act came into force on Ans : April 23,1994 * Kerala Municipal Act came into force on May 30,1994
■ GRAMA SABHA
* The foundation of Panchayati Raj system Ans : Grama Sabha * Article deals with Grama Sabha Ans : 243 A * Grama Sabha is convened by Ans : Ward Member * Grama Sabha is convened once in Ans : Three months * Grama Sabha is presided over by Ans : President * Minimum quorum of Grama Sabha Ans : 1/10 * Grama Sabha is a permanent body
EMERGENCY
* The constitution of India provides three types of Emergencies: (1)National Emergency (Article 352) (2)State Emergency (Article 356) (3)Financial Emergency (Article 360) * The Part of the Consititution deals with Emergency Ans : Part XVIII * The President proclaims the Emergency on the basis of the written report received from Ans : Central Cabinet
NATIONAL EMERGENCY (ARTICLE - 352)
* The National Emergency is declared by Ans : The President * The nature of Emergency declared on rising out of Civil war, external aggression or armed rebellion Ans : National Emergency * During the proclamation of emergency parliament shall have the power to make the laws Ans : ForASHUTOSH the whole or any part of territory SHUKLA OFFICIAL * Articles deal with the suspension of provision of the Article 19 during the emergency Ans : Article 358-359 * During the emergency,the state can suspend the fundamental rights conferred in Ans : Part III * The proclamation of National Emergency by the President should be approved by both houses of the parliament with in Ans : One month * If National Emergency is approved by special majority, it shall be continued for Ans : Six months * An Emergency can be extended to an indefinite period with the approval of the Parliament for Ans : Every six months * While a proclamation of National Emergency is in operation, the normal tenure of the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies may be extended for Ans : One year by an act of parliament * The President can suspend the fundamental rights of citizens except Ans : Article 20 and 21 * By the 44th Constitutional Amendment Act, the term 'internal disturbance' was substituted by Ans : 'Armed Rebellion'
* First National Emergency was declared by Ans : Dr. S. Radha Krishnan (October 26, 1962) * First National Emergency was declared due to Ans : Chinese aggression * First National Emergency was revoked by Ans : Dr.Zakir Hussain (January 10, 1968) * Second National Emergency was proclaimed by Ans : V.V. Giri (December 3,1971) * Second National Emergency was proclaimed due to Ans : Indo-Pak war * Third National Emergency (First Internal Emergency) was proclaimed by Ans : Fakrudin Ali Ahmed (June 25, 1975) * Third National Emergency was proclaimed due to Ans : Internal disturbance * The second and the third Emergencies were revoked by Ans : B.D. Jetty (March 21, 1977)
STATE EMERGENCY (ARTICLE 356)
* Article deals with the State Emergency Ans : 356 * State Emergency can be proclaimed by the Ans : The President * The EmergencyASHUTOSH proclaimed on the failure SHUKLA of the constitutional machinery OFFICIAL in the state or failure to comply with or to give effect to the directions given by the Union Ans : State Emergency * A proclamation of President's rule must be approved by the parliament within Ans : Two months by Simple majority * The constitutional body for which the position, status, powers and functions remain same even during the State Emergency Ans : State High Court * President's rule can be extended to a maximum period of Ans : Three years * President's rule can be extended to a maximum period of three years subjected to the approval of the Parliament every Ans : Six month * At any time, the State Emergency can be revoked by Ans : President * For the first time, the President's rule was imposed on Ans : Punjab (June 20,1951) * The state which faced the longest duration of the President's rule Ans : Punjab (1987 to 1992) * The Emergency under Article 356 imposed for the first time (during vimochana samaram) in the state of Kerala on Ans : July 31,1959 * The state in which President's rule implemented most number of times Ans : Manipur (10 times) * The Commission which was appointed by the Central government to inquire atrocities during internal emergency (1975) Ans : Shah Commission
FINANCIAL EMERGENCY (ARTICLE - 360)
* Article which deals with the Financial Emergency Ans : 360 * The Emergency which is proclaimed if there is a financial crisis in the country or in any part of the country Ans : Financial Emergency * Financial Emergency declared by the President must be approved by the parliament within Ans : 2 months by simple majority * The Emergency which does not require repeated Parliamentary approval for its continuation Ans : Financial Emergency * The Emergency which has never been declared so far in the country Ans : Financial Emergency * The term 'Cabinet' was inserted in the constitution by Article Ans : 352 * Who ASHUTOSHsaid - 'The cabinet is the Keystone SHUKLA of the political arch' OFFICIAL Ans : Lowel * "The cabinet is the magnet of policy" are the words of Ans : Barker
COMMISSIONS & BODIES FINANCE COMMISSION (ARTICLE 280)
* The Finance Commission of India came into existence in Ans : 1951 * The Finance Commission of India was established under Ans : Article 280 * The Commission which defines the financial relations between the Centre and the State Ans : Finance Commission * Finance Commission consists of a Ans : Chairman and four other members * Finance Commission is appointed for every Ans : Five years * Finance Commission functions as a Ans : Quasi-Judicial body * The reports of the Finance Commission lays before both the houses of the parliament by Ans : The President * Chairman of the first Finance Commission Ans : K.C. Neogy (1951) * First Malayalee to become a member of Finance Commission Ans : V.P.Menon (1st Finance Commission) * First Malayalee to become the Member Secretary' of Finance Commission Ans : P.C. Mathew * Chairman of 13th Finance Commission (2010-2015) Ans : Vijay Kelkar * Chairman of 14th Finance Commission (2015-2020) Y.V. Reddy
PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION (ARTICLE 315-323)
* The Article and Part deals with Public Service Commission Ans : Article 315 to 323, Part XIV * The Union Public Service Commission was established on the recommendations of Ans : Lee Commission (1924) * The Union Public Service Commission was established on Ans : October 1,1926 * Usually UPSC have 9 to 11 members (including Chairman) * Present members in UPSC is 11 (including Chairman) * PresentASHUTOSH members in Kerala state PSC-21 SHUKLA (Including Chairman) OFFICIAL * The Chairman and the members are appointed by Ans : The President * The term of Chairman and members - years or until they attain the age of Ans : 65 years * The Chairman and the members of Public Service Commission are appointed under Article Ans : 316 * The watchdog of the merit system in India Ans : UPSC * The expense of salary, allowance, pensions etc. of chairman and members of UPSC is met from Ans : The consolidated fund of India * The Chairman and the members of the UPSC and Joint state Public Service Commission are appointed and removed by Ans : The President * The Chairman and members of the state Public Service Commission are appointed by Ans : The Governor of the state * The Chairman and members of the state Public Service Commission are removed by Ans : The President * A member may be terminated either by Ans : Resignation or removal * If resigning, a UPSC member should address to Ans : The President * If resigning, a PSC member should address to the Ans : Joint Commission, or the Governor * The Headquarters of UPSC Ans : Dholpur House (New Delhi) * First UPSC Chairman Ans : Sir Ross Barker * First woman Chairperson of UPSC Ans : Rose Milen Bathew * First Indian Chairman of UPSC Ans : H.K.Kripalani * First Malayalee to become a member of UPSC Ans : Dr.K.G.Adiyodi * Present Chairman of UPSC Ans : David R. Syiemlieh * First Chairman of Kerala PSC Ans : E.K.Velayudhan * Present Chairman of Kerala PSC Ans : M.K.Sakeer
THE ELECTION COMMISSION (Article 324) ASHUTOSH SHUKLA OFFICIAL * The Article deals with the Election Commission of India Ans : Article 324 * The nature of Election Commission of India Ans : Permanent Constitutional Body * The Election Commission was established on Ans : January 25,1950 * National Voters Day is observed on Ans : January 25 * National Voters Day is observed since Ans : 2011 * The headquarters of Election Commission Ans : Nirvachan Sadan (New Delhi) * The appointment of Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners shall be made by Ans : The President * The term of Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners of India Ans : 6 years or upto attain the age of 65 years * The election commission was a single member body from Ans : 1950 to Oct 15,1989 * The present strength of Election Commission Ans : 3 (1 Chief Election Commissioner 2 Election Commissioners)
UNIVERSAL ADULT FRANCHISE
* Article deals with Universal Adult Franchise Ans : 326 * The voting age was reduced to 18 years from 21 years Ans : 1989 * The voting age was reduced to 18 years from 21 years by the Ans : 61st amendment (1988) * The Prime Minister who reduced the voting age Ans : Rajiv Gandhi * First Chief Election Commissioner of India Ans : Sukumar Sen (1950 -1958) * First Malayalee to become the Chief Election Commissioner Ans : T.N.Seshan * Longest serving Chief Election Commissioner of India Ans : K.V.K. Sundaram * Shortest serving Chief Election Commissioner of India Ans : V.S.Ramadevi * First woman chief Election commissioner Ans : S.Y.Khureshi * The PresentASHUTOSH Chief Election Commissioner SHUKLA of India OFFICIAL Ans : Achal Kumar Jyothi * The present strength of Election Commission was appointed since Ans : 1993 * The elections of Parliament, State Legislatures and also to the office of the President and Vice President are conducted by Ans : Election Commission * The Constitutional body responsible for the preparation of electoral rolls, recommendation of political parties and allotting symbols Ans : Election Commission * The Constitutional body which advises the President on question of disqualification of MPs in certain cases Ans : Election Commission * The qualification prescribed for members of Election Commission in the constitution Ans : No Prescribed Qualification * The procedure for the removal of Chief Election Commissioner Ans : Special majority in each house of the Parliament on the ground of proven misbehaviour or incapacity * Chief Electoral Officer is appointed by the Ans : Election Commission of India * Right to vote is a Ans : Legal right * In-charge of a Polling booth Ans : Presiding Officer
NOTA
* NOTA stands for Ans : 'None of the above' * Even if most votes have been cast for the NOTA option, the candidate with the largest number of votes will be declared as the winner. * First country to introduce NOTA Ans : France * First Asian country to introduce NOTA Ans : Bangladesh * The organisation which caused the introduction of NOTA in India Ans : People's Union for Civil Liberties * The People's Union for Civil Liberties is an NGO formed in India in 1976 by ' Ans : Jayaprakash Narayan * The NOTA option was made mandatory by the Supreme Court of India on Ans : September 27,2013 * The 14th Country to introduce NOTA Ans : India ASHUTOSH SHUKLA OFFICIAL
THREE GENERATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS
* The idea of three generations of human rights was proposed by the Czech jurist Karel Vasak in 1979.
FIRST GENERATION
* First generation human rights is often called Ans : Blue rights * The generation deals essentially with liberty and participation in the political life Ans : First Generation * The generation of Human Rights which is fundamentally civil and political in nature Ans : First Generation * First generation rights include the right to life, equality before the law, freedom of speech, the right to a fair trial, freedom of religion and voting rights.
SECOND GENERATION
* The generation which is fundamentally economic, social and cultural in nature Ans : Second Generation * Secondary rights would include a right to be employed in just and favourable condition, right to food, housing and health care, as well as social security and unemployment benefits
THIRD GENERATION
Third Generation includes: * Group and collective rights * Right to self-determination * Right to economic and social development * Right to a healthy environment * The 15th Country to introduce NOTA Ans : Nepal * NOTA was introduced in India in Ans : New Delhi * The emblem of NOTA was designed by Ans : National Institute of Design, Ahmedabad
NATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION
* The natureASHUTOSH of National Human Rights CommissionSHUKLA (NHRC) of India OFFICIAL Ans : Autonomous statutory body * First Chairman of the NHRC Ans : Justice Ranganatha Mishra * First Malayalee to become the Chairman of National Human Rights Commission Ans : Justice K.G. Balakrishnan * The present chairperson of Nationai Human Rights Commission Ans : Justice H.L. Dattu * NHRC act enacted on Ans : September 28,1993 * NHRC came into force on Ans : October 12,1993 * The headquarters of NHRC is Ans : Manav Adhikar Bhavan (New Delhi) * Part which deals with the Human Rights Ans : Part III * The 'watchdog of human rights' in India Ans : NHRC * The Chairperson and members of the NHRC are appointed by Ans : The President * Including Chairman, NHRC consists of Ans : 5 members * NHRC Chairperson is a retired Chief Justice of Ans : The Supreme Court of India * The Chairman and members of the NHRC are removed by Ans : The President * The Chairman and members hold office for a term of Ans : Five years or until they attain the age of 70 years
KERALA STATE HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION
* The Kerala State Human Rights commission was constituted on Ans : December 11,1998 * The Chairman of the State Human Right Commission shall be a retired Chief Justice of a Ans : High Court * The Chairman and members of the SHRC shall be appointed by Ans : The Governor * The Chairman and members of the SHRC shall be removed only by Ans : The President * Total number of members in SHRC including the Chairman Ans : 3 * The Chairman and members of the SHRC shall hold office for a period of Ans : 5 years or until the age of 70 years * The firstASHUTOSH Chairman of the Kerala State HumanSHUKLA Rights Commission OFFICIAL Ans : M.M. Pareed Pillai * Present Chairman of the State Human Rights Commission Ans : Justice J.B. Koshy * The headquarters of Kerala State Human Rights Commission Ans : Thiruvananthapuram
LAW COMMISSION OF INDIA
* The nature of Law Commission of India Ans : Non-statutory body * First Law Commission of Pre-Independent India was formed under the Chairmanship of Ans : Lord Macaulay (in 1834) * First Law Commission of Independent India was formed in Ans : 1955 * The Chairman of first Law Commission was Ans : Mr. M.C. Setalvad * The Chairman of 20th Law Commission (2012-2015) Ans : Justice A.P. Shah * The Chairman of 21st Law Commission (2015 -2018) Ans : Justice Balbir Singh Chauhan
CENTRAL VIGILANCE COMMISSION
* The main agency for preventing corruption in the Central Government Ans : Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) * The nature of Central Vigilance Commission Ans : Statutory Body * CVC was established in Ans : 1964 * Golden Jubilee of CVC was celebrated in Ans : 2014 * CVC was established on the recommendation of the Ans : Santhanam Committee * Total number of members in CVC including Chairman Ans : 3 * The Chairperson and members of the CVC are appointed by Ans : The President of India * The members of CVC hold office for a term of Ans : Four years or until they attain the age of 65 years * The headquarters of the CVC is in Ans : Satarkta Bhawan (New Delhi) * First Vigilance Commissioner Ans : NittorASHUTOSH Srinivasa Rau SHUKLA OFFICIAL * Present Vigilance Commissioner Ans : K.V. Chowdary
NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR WOMEN
* National Commission for Women was setup under the Ans : National Commission for Women Act 1990 * National Commission for Women was setup on Ans : January 31,1992 * National Commission for Women was setup as a Ans : Statutory body * Total number of members in National Commission for Women including Chairperson Ans : 6 * Monthly news letter published by NCW Ans : Rashtra Mahila * Headquarters of NCW Ans : Nirbhaya Bhavan (New Delhi) * The statutory body which examines all matters relating to the safeguard provided for women under the constitution and other laws Ans : National Commission for Women * First Chairperson of National Commission for Women Ans : Jayanthi Patnaik * The only Chairperson who served for two subsequent terms Ans : Dr. Girija Vyas * First male member in National Commission for Women Ans : Alok Rawat * Present Chairperson of NCW Ans : Lalitha Kumaramangalam * The Chairperson and the members shall hold office for a period Of Ans : 3 years or tlll the age of 65 years * Resignation of the Chairperson and members of the National Commission for Women is addressed to the Ans : Central Government
KERALA WOMEN'S COMMISSION
* The Kerala Women's Commission act was passed on Ans : December 1,1995 * The Kerala Women's Commission was constituted on Ans : March 14,1996 * Total number of members in KWC including Chairperson Ans : 5ASHUTOSH SHUKLA OFFICIAL * The term of office of Chairperson and members of the KWC Ans : 5 years * Publication of KWC Ans : Sthree Sakthi * Headquarters of KWC is located at Ans : Thiruvananthapuram * First Chairperson of Kerala Women's Commission Ans : Sugatha Kumari * Present Chairperson of KWC Ans : M.C. Josephine * The Immoral Traffic Act was passed in Ans : 1956 * Dowry Prohibition Act came into force in Ans : 1961 * Dowry Prohibition is mentioned in IPC in Ans : 304 B, 498 A * Domestic Violence Act was passed in Ans : 2005 * Domestic Violence Act came into force in Ans : October 26, 2006 * Child Marriage Prohibtion Act came into force in Ans : 1860 * An Act to prohibit indecent representation of women through advertisements or in publications writings, paintings, figures etc Ans : The Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act, 1986
WOMEN'S RESERVATION BILL
* The percentage of reservation proposed for women in the seats in Lok Sabha and State Assemblies in Women's Reservation Bill Ans : 33% * Women's Reservation Bill is otherwise known as Ans : Constitution Amendment Bill 108 * The 110th and the 112th Constitutional Amendement bills were introduced in the Lok Sabha in Ans : 2009 The Women's Reservation bill seeks to amend Articles Ans : 243-D and 243-T * While the bills are pending in the parliament, most of the states including Kerala have passed the law and raised the reservation for women in local bodies from 33% to 50% * RajyaASHUTOSH Sabha Passed the Women's Reservation SHUKLA Bill on OFFICIAL Ans : March 9,2010 * The Lok Sabha has not passed the Bill so far
NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR PROTECTION OF CHILD RIGHTS (NCPCR)
* National Commission for protection of Child Rights Act was passed in Ans : 2005 * NCPCR, was set up in Ans : March 2007 * Total members of NCPCR including Chairperson and Member Secretary Ans : 8 * Each member should be from the fields of (i)Education (ii)Child Health care (iii)Juvenile justice or care of marginalised children (iv)Elimination of child labour or child in distress (v)Child Psychology or Sociology (vi)Laws relating to children * The NCPCR gives protection and equal importance to the children below the age of Ans : 18 years * The Centrally Sponsored Scheme for Youth in Naxal hit districts introduced by NCPCR Ans : Bal Bandhu Scheme * Fund for Bal Bandhu Scheme is met from the Ans : Prime Minister's National Relief fund * First Chairperson of NCPCR Ans : Prof.Shanta Sinha * Present Chairperson of NCPCR Ans : Stuti Narain Kacker * Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act Ans : 2012 * Commission for Protection of Child Rights (Amendment Act) passed in Ans : 2006 * Juvenile Justice Act was passed in Ans : 2000 * Juvenile Justice Act (Amendment Act) Ans : 2006
KERALA STATE COMMISSION FOR PRTOTECTION OF CHILD RIGHTS
* Kerala State Commission for Protection of Child Rights started functioning in Ans : June, 2013 * PresentASHUTOSH Chairperson of Kerala State Commission SHUKLA for Protection ofOFFICIAL Child Rights Ans : Shoba Koshy
RIGHT TO EDUCATION ACT
* Right to Education Act (RTE), is an act of the Parliament of India enacted oh Ans : August 4, 2009 * Right to Education Act came into force on Ans : April 1,2010 * The state shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of Ans : 6 to 14 years * The state shall provide free and compulsory education to all children under Article Ans : 21A * Right to Education Act is applicable to all states except to the state of Ans : Jammu & Kashmir * As per Right to Education Act, elementary education means Ans : 1st to 8th standard * The article which gives a provision for free and compulsory education for all children up to the age of fourteen years within ten years of promulgation of the Constitution Ans : Article 45
NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR SCHEDULED TRIBES
* National Commission for Scheduled Tribes was established in Ans : 2004 * The nature of National Commission for Scheduled Tribes Ans : Constitutional body * The Article deals with National Commission for Scheduled castes Ans : Article 338 * The Chairman and Members of NCSC are appointed by Ans : The President * Total number of members including Chairman in NCSC Ans : 5 * The term of office of Chairman and each members of NCSC Ans : 3 Years * First Chairman of NCSC Ans : Suraj Bhan * Present Chairman of NCSC Ans : Ram Shankar Katheria
NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR SCHEDULED CASTES ASHUTOSH SHUKLA OFFICIAL * National Commission for Scheduled castes was established in Ans : 2004 * The nature of National Commission for Scheduled castes Ans : Constitutional body * The Article deals with National Commission for Scheduled Castes Ans : Article 338A * The Chairman and members of NCST are appointed by Ans : The President * Total number of members including Chairman in NCST Ans : 5 * The term of office of Chairman and each members of NCST Article 338 Ans : 3 years * First Chairman of NCST Ans : Kunwar Singh * Present Chairman of NCST Ans : Nandkumar Sai * The Chairman of the Commission which was appointed to study the Scheduled Tribes of India Ans : Virginius Xaxa
ATROCITIES AGAINST SC/ST
* Prevention of Atrocities Act was passed in Ans : 1989 * Prevention of Atrocities Act came into force in Ans : January 30,1990 * An offence committed under Prevention of Atrocities Act shall be investigated by a Police Officer not below the rank of Ans : DySP * Investigation to an offence under Prevention of Atrocities Act should be completed within Ans : 30 days * A person arrested for an offence under the SC/ST Act 1989 is not entitled to Ans : Anticipatory Bail * Minimum Punishment provided for various offences under the SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities Act) Ans : 6 months * The punishment for intentionally insulting a member of SC/ST is imprisonment for a period between Ans : 6 months to 5 years * The Article provides for a separate Minister for Tribal Welfare in the states of Chhatisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh and Odisha Ans : 164 ASHUTOSH SHUKLA OFFICIAL
NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR BACKWARD CLASSES
* National Commission for Backward Classes was established in Ans : August 14,1993 * Nature of National Commission for Backward Classes Ans : Statutory body * Total members of National Commission for Backward Classes including Chairman Ans : 5 * The term of office of Chairman and members of NCBC is Ans : 3 years * First Chairman of National Commission for Backward Classes Ans : R.N, Prasad * Present Chairman of National Commission for Backward Classes Ans : Justice V.Eswaraiah
NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR MINORITIES
* National Commission for Minorities Act was passed in Ans : 1992 * National Commission for Minorities Act came into force on Ans : May 17,1993 * National Commission for Minorities Act is applicable to all states in India except Ans : Jammu & Kashmir * The number of communities notified in the National Commission for Minorities Act Ans : 6 * Total number of members in the National Commission for Minorities including the Chairman Ans : 7 * Minorities Rights Day is observed on Ans : December 18 * First Chairperson of National Commission for Minorities Ans : Justice Muhammed Sadir Ali * Present Chairperson of National Commission for Minorities Ans : Syed Ghayorul Hasan Rizvi
RIGHT TO INFORMATION ACT
* Right to Information Act was passed by Parliament on Ans : June 15,2005 * Right to Information Act came into force on Ans : October 12, 2005 * The organisationASHUTOSH which was instrumental SHUKLA in the passage of the RTI OFFICIAL Act Ans : Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan * Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan was led by Ans : Aruna Roy (others are Shankar Singh and Nikhil Dey) * Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan was formed in Ans : Rajasthan (1987) * First country to pass the Right to Information Act Ans : Sweden * The headquarters of Central Information Commission Ans : August Kranti Bhavan (New Delhi) * The predecessor of Right to Information Ans : Freedom of Information Act 2002
RTI ACT AND STATES
* Transparency, Accountability, openness to eliminate corruption are the main objectives of the Ans : RTI Act * Central and State Information Commissions consist of a Chief Information Commissioner and not more than 10 Information Commissioners Central Chief Information Commissioner and Commissioners are appointed by Ans : The President * Central Chief Information Commissioner and Commissioners are appointed on the recommendation of a committee consisting of: (i)The Prime Minister (ii)The leader of opposition in the Lok Sabha (iii)A Union Cabinet Minister to be nominated by the Prime Minister * The term of Central and State Information Commissioners Ans : 5 years or until 65 years of age * The oath of office of Central Chief Information Commissioner or an * Information Commissioner will be administered before Ans : The President * The salaries and allowances of Central Chief Information Commissioner shall be equivalent to Ans : The Chief Election Commissioner * An application to get an information under RTI act, should be given to the Ans : Public Information Officer or Assistant Public Information Officer * First state to pass RTI Act Ans : Tamil Nadu (1997) * First state to issue non-bailabie arrest warrant to an officer who failed in giving proper reply Ans : Arunachai Pradesh * First state in India to start seeking information on telephone Ans : Uttar Pradesh * Fee for getting information under RTI is Ans : Rs.10 * Fee forASHUTOSH getting information under RTI to SHUKLA those people below poverty OFFICIAL line Ans : No fee * In normal case, the time limit prescribed for giving a reply to an application under RTI Ans : 30 days * If it is a matter of life or liberty of a person, the time limit prescribed for giving a reply to an application under RTI Ans : 48 hours * If the application is addressed to the Assistant Public Information Officer, the reply should be furnished to the applicant with in Ans : 35 days * Penalty for refusal to receive an application for information or for not providing Information is Ans : Rs. 250/- per day * Maximum penalty for refusal to receive an application for information or for not providing information should not exceed Ans : Rs. 25,000/- * Information under RTI should be upto a maximum back years of Ans : 20 Years * First Chief Information Commissioner of India was Ans : Wajahat Habibullah * First woman to become the Chief Information Commissioner of India Ans : Deepak Sandhu * Present Chief Information Commissioner of India Ans : Radha Krishna Mathur * The state which started its own RTI Ans : Jammu & Kashmir * Jammu & Kashmir passed the RTI on Ans : March 12,2009 * RTI Act in Jammu & Kashmir came into force on Ans : March 20,2009
STATE INFORMATION COMMISSION
* The State Chief Information Commissioner and Commissioners are appointed by Ans : The Governor * The State Chief Information Commissioner and Commissioners are appointed on the recommendation of a committee consisting of (i)The Chief Minister (ii)The Leader of Opposition in the Legislative Assembly (iii)A Cabinet Minister to be nominated by the Chief Minister * The oath of office of State Chief Information Commissioner or an Information Commissioner will be administered before the Ans : Governor * The resignation letter of State Chief/ Information Commissioners shall be addressed to Ans : TheASHUTOSH Governor SHUKLA OFFICIAL * The term of State Chief/Information Commissioners Ans : 5 years or until they attain the age of 65 years * Kerala State Information Commission was formed on Ans : December 19, 2005 * The salaries and allowances of State Chief Information Commissioner shall be equivalent to the Ans : Election Commissioner State * The salaries and allowances of State Information Commissioner shall be equivalent to the Ans : Chief Secretary * First Chief Information Commissioner of Kerala Ans : Palat Mohandas * Present Chief Information Commissioner of Kerala Ans : Vinson.M. Paul
ORGANISATIONS EXEMPTED FROM RTI ACT
* Intelligence Bureau (IB) * Directorate of Revenue Intelligence * Central Economic Intelligence Bureau * National Security Guard (NSG) * Border Security Force (BSF) * Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) * Assam Rifles * Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) * Sashastra Seema Bal * Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO) * Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) * Border Road Development Organisation * National Technical Research Organisation * National Security Council Secretariat * Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) * Special Frontier Force * Aviation Research Centre * Narcotic Control Bureau * Directorate of Enforcement
NATIONAL KNOWLEDGE COMMISSION
* The National Knowledge Commission was constituted on Ans : June 13, 2005 * Total number of members in National Knowledge Commission including Chairman Ans : 8ASHUTOSH SHUKLA OFFICIAL * It was a high power advisory committee to Ans : The Prime Minister * National Knowledge Commission was discontinued in Ans : July, 2014
SOCIAL AUDIT
* The process of reviewing official records by social auditor and determining whether state reported expenditures reflect the actual money spent on the ground is called Ans : Social Audit * As per the 73rd amendment of the constitution the social audit will be conducted by Ans : Grama Sabha * The popular national programme which has inbuilt mechanism for social Audit- Ans : Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme * The section of National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005 which stipulates the need of Social Audit Ans : Section 17 * The state that holds credit for successful running of MNREGS due to social audit initiatives Ans : Andhra Pradesh * The concept of Social Audit was started by Ans : Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan * Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan called the social audit as Ans : People's Hearing (Jansunwai) * First social Audit under MGNREGS in Kerala was carried out in Ans : Vellamunda Grama Panchayat (Wayanad-2007) * The initiative of Kerala Taxes Dept, to bring transparency through Social Audit Ans : Corruption Free Walayar
THREE LISTS OF CONSTITUTION OF INDIA
* The Schedule of Indian Constitution which provides the lists of Legislative Subjects Ans : VII * Three lists of Legislative Subjects are : (i)Union List (ii)State List (iii)Concurrent List
UNION LIST
* The idea of Union List was borrowed from Ans : CanadianASHUTOSH Constitution SHUKLA OFFICIAL * The Legislative body having exclusive power to make laws in Union List Ans : Parliament * Total subjects included in Union List Ans : 100 (originally 97) * The decisions on the subjects come under Union List is taken by Ans : Union Government
IMPORTANT SUBJECTS IN UNION LIST
* External Affairs * Defence * Railway * Citizenship * Post and Postal Savings * Census * Banking * Insurance * Corporation Tax * Lotteries * UPSC * CBI * Taxes on income other than agriculture income * Telecommunication * Currency * Foreign Exchange and money transfer * Reserve Bank * Election
STATE LIST
* The idea of State List was borrowed from Ans : Canadian Constitution * The Legislative body having exclusive power to make laws in State List Ans : State Legislature * Total subjects included in State List Ans : 61 (originally 66)
IMPORTANT SUBJECTS IN STATE LIST * Local Self Government * Agriculture * Public Health & Sanitation * Liquor * FisheriesASHUTOSH SHUKLA OFFICIAL * Police * Panchayati Raj * Prison * Taxes on Agricultural. Income * State Public Service Commission * Land and Building Tax * Sales Tax * Public Transport * Irrigation
CONCURRENT LIST
* The idea of State List was borrowed from Ans : Australian Constitution * The Legislative body having exclusive power to make laws in Concurrent List Ans : Both Parliament and State Legislature * Total Subjects included in Concurrent List Ans : 52 (originally 47)
IMPORTANT SUBJECTS IN CONCURRENT LIST * Forests * Education * Weights and Measures * Price control * Marriage and divorce * Electricity * Trade unions * Law and Order * Trust and Trustees * Legal Procedures * Books and Stationery * Factories * Population control and Family planning * Protection of wild animals and birds * Economic and Social Planning * Criminal law and procedure * Press and News Paper * Charity and Charities
IMPORTANT AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION ASHUTOSH SHUKLA OFFICIAL 1st AMENDMENT 1951 * Ninth Schedule was added to the Constitution. * Land Reforms Act were brought. * This amendment provides restrictions to the right to freedom of speech and expression during emergency
7th AMENDMENT 1956 * State reorganisation act on linguistic basis was made possible. * Introduction of Union Territories * The post 'Raja Premukh' was stopped * The amendment to start new High Courts
9th AMENDMENT 1960 * To give effect to the transfer of certain territories to Pakistan
42nd AMENDMENT 1976 (MINI CONSTITUTION) * The 42nd Amendment (1976) is popularly known as Ans : Mini Constitution * 42nd Amendment was passed by the Parliament during the period of Ans : Indira Gandhi * 42nd Amendment was enacted following the recommendations of Ans : Swaran Singh Committee * Socialist, Secular and Integrity were added to the preamble by Ans : 42nd Amendment * Ten fundamental duties were added in Ans : Part IV A * The tenure of Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assembly was extended from Ans : 5 to 6 years * Part XIV-A was added to the constitution(Administrative Tribunals) by Ans : 42nd Amendment * The Amendment Act enabled the President to limit the operation of a National Emergency to a specified part of India Ans : 42nd Amendment * 42nd Amendment shifted five subjects from the State list to the Concurrent list. They are (1)Education (2)Weights and Measures (3)Forests (4)Protection of wild animals and birds (5)Administration of justice * Provided that the Fundamental Rights guaranteed by Articles 20 and 21 cannot be suspended during a National Emergency
52nd AMENDMENTASHUTOSH 1985 SHUKLA OFFICIAL * Anti-Defection Law inserted into the Constitution in Article 101 * Added Tenth Schedule which deals with Anti Defection Law
53RD AMENDMENT 1986 * Mizoram became the 23rd State of India
55TH AMENDMENT 1987 * Arunachal Pradesh became the 24th State of India
56TH AMENDMENT 1987 * Goa became the 25th State of India
61st AMENDMENT 1989 * Reduced Voting age from 21 to 18 (Article 326) * Rajiv Gandhi was the Prime Minister of India during this amendment
65th AMENDMENT 1990 * National Commission for Scheduled Caste j and Scheduled Tribes were formed
69th AMENDMENT 1991 * Articles 239 AA and 239 AB were inserted and Delhi was made National Capital Territory of India
71st AMENDMENT 1992 * Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali languages got the official status * Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali languages are included in the Eighth schedule
73rd AMENDMENT 1992 * Part IX relating to panchayat was inserted in the constitution. * It also added the 11th schedule to the constitution * This amendment act is also known as Panchayati Raj Act.
74TH AMENDMENT ACT OF 1992 * The 74th Constitutional Amendement act of 1992 came into force on Ans : 1st June 1993 * TwelfthASHUTOSH schedule was included in the Constitution SHUKLA OFFICIAL * Nagarapalika and Municipal Acts are known as 74th Amendment
77th AMENDMENT 1995 * It provides for reservation in promotions for SC/ST
78th AMENDMENT 1995 * Through this amendment land reform laws are included in the Ninth schedule so that they cannot be challenged before the Courts.
84th AMENDMENT 2000 * Extended the ban on readjustment of seats in the Lok sabha and the State Legislative Assemblies upto 202 * Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and Uttarakhand states were formed
86th AMENDMENT 2002 * Made the elementry education a fundamental right. * Added a new article 21A which declare that ''the state shall provide free and compulsory education to all childern of the age of - 6 to 14 years
89th AMENDMENT 2003 * National Commission for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes was bifurcated
91st AMENDMENT 2003 * Restricted the size of Council of Ministers to 15% of total Legislative Members
92nd AMENDMENT 2003 * Bodo,Dogri, Maithili and Santhali were included in the Eighth schedule by providing official status
93rd AMENDMENT 2005 * Provided reservation for SC/ST and Other Backward Classes in government as well as in private educational institutions
95TH AMENDMENT 2009 * Extended the reservation of seats for SC and ST in the LOK Sabha and State Assemblies upto 2020 ASHUTOSH SHUKLA OFFICIAL 91TH AMENDMENT 2011 * The name of Orissa was changed to Odisha as per 1st Schedule * Substituted Odia for Oriya as per 8th Schedule
97TH AMENDMENT 2011 * The titile 'The Cooperative societies ' were included in part IXB * Cooperative Societies Act 2012 * Inserted articles 19 (1) C, 43 B
98th AMENDMENT 2012 * Article 371 J was inserted into the constitution * Separate provisions for Karnataka were added * Governor of Karnataka was authorised to form separate Development Board for Hyderabad Karnataka region.
99th AMENDMENT 2014 * The appointment of National Judicial Appointment Commission * It came into force on 31st December 2014 * The amendment was struck down by the Supreme Court on October 16, 2015
100th AMENDMENT 2015 * It came into force on 1st August 2015 (Bill passed by the Parliament on May 7,2015) * Exchange of certain enclave territories with Bangladesh consequent to signing of Land Boundary Agreement treaty between India and Bangladesh
101st AMENDMENT 2017 * Goods and Service tax(GST)
INTER PARLIAMENTARY UNION
* Inter- Parliamentary Union was established by Ans : Frederic Passy and William Randal Cremer * Inter- Parliamentary Union was established in Ans : 1889 * The headquarters of IPU is situated in Ans : Geneva * Inter Parliamentary Union is the international organisation that brings together the parliaments of Ans : SovereignASHUTOSH States SHUKLA OFFICIAL * Total members in IPU Ans : 173 countries * India joined the Inter Parliamentary Union in Ans : 1949 * The President of the India Group of the IPU Ans : Lok Sabha Speaker * The Indian woman who was elected the President of the Inter-Parliamentary Council in 1999 Ans : Najma Heptullah (Berlin) * The council's 171st Session conferred on Mrs. Heptulla the title of the honorary president of the IPU council.
ASHUTOSH SHUKLA OFFICIAL