Country Advice

India – – Political Parties – Student Politics – NSUI and ABVP – Jat Caste – Burdak Gotra 8 June 2011

1. Please provide brief information about the main political parties in Rajasthan. Who is currently in power? Rajasthan state is governed by a and their cabinet, who are accountable to an elected, unicameral legislature. Rajasthan also has a governor appointed by India‟s president.1

Power has changed hands between the (commonly referred to as „the Congress party‟ or „Congress‟) and the (BJP) in recent election cycles. 2 The Congress party first convened in 1885, with a predominantly anti-colonial agenda. The Congress party is renowned for its association with and the nonviolent independence struggle in the 1920s and 1930s. Having dominated early post- independence elections, Congress is also known for delivering India‟s first female prime minister in , and its first Sikh Prime Minister in . Congress has formed most of India‟s post-independence governments,3 and according to its website Congress currently holds power in eleven of India‟s 28 states, including Rajasthan.4 The BJP, originally the political wing of a1950s Hindu nationalist movement, was formally established in 1980.5 6 The BJP has been associated with traditional Hindu values, and has often enjoyed support from higher caste Indians, and from constituencies in northern India. The BJP has twice formed majority governments at the national level.7

The Congress party currently holds the majority of seats in Rajasthan‟s Legislative

1 „Rajasthan‟ 2001, The Colombia Encyclopaedia, Sixth edn. – Attachment 1 2 Tomar, K.S. 2008, „Ashok Gehlot will be new Rajasthan CM‟, Hindustan Times, 11 December http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/FullcoverageStoryPage.aspx?id=305610b9-e1b4-4e1f-8bce- 91abf425baa9BattleforBallot_Special&MatchID1=4855&TeamID1=6&TeamID2=2&MatchType1=1&SeriesID1=1 223&PrimaryID=4855&Headline=Ashok+Gehlot+will+be+Rajasthan‟s+new+CM – Accessed 12 December 2008 – Attachment 2 3 „Indian National Congress‟ (undated), Encyclopaedia Britannica Online http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/285841/Indian-National-Congress – Accessed 1 June 2011 – Attachment 3 4 „Congress Ruled States‟ (undated), Indian National Congress website – http://www.congress.org.in/new/ruled- states.php – Accessed 1 June 2011 – Attachment 4 5 Originally established as Bharatiya Jana Sangh, (BJS). 6 „About Us‟ (undated), Bharatia Janata Party website http://raj.bjp.org/index.php/about-us – Accessed 1 June 2011 – Attachment 5 7 „Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)‟ (undated), Encyclopedia Britannica Online – http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/64033/Bharatiya-Janata-Party-BJP – Accessed 1 June 2011 – Attachment 6

Page 1 of 10 Assembly, having defeated the incumbent BJP in 2008 in what was interpreted by the Hindustan Times as close election results.8 9 The current governor of Rajasthan is Shivraj , also a prominent Congress party figure and former Rajasthan cabinet minister.10 11 The following table depicts the current distribution of Rajasthan‟s 200 Legislative Assembly seats by political party: 12

Rajasthan Legislative Assembly 13th House – Party Position

Name of Party Seats

1. Bharatiya Janata Party 79

2. Communist Party of India (Marxist) 3

3. Samajwadi Party 1

4. Independent 13

5. Indian National Congress 102

6. Janata Dal (United) 1

7. Loktantrik Samajwadi Party 1 Total Seats 200

The 2008 election returned the Congress Party‟s Ashok Gehlot to the post of chief minister, a position which he previously held during the period1998-2003. Gehlot is a veteran politician who first entered the Legislative Assembly in 1980.13 Gehlot is known as „Mr Clean‟ due to his reportedly clean political image,14 and there are references to his support for the „downtrodden‟ in official biographies.15

8 Jha, S. & Tomar, K.S. 2008, „Rajasthan result a vote against Raje‟, Hindustan Times, 9 December http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/FullcoverageStoryPage.aspx?id=89d7499e-25c2-4058-b57a- 3f408894ca7aBattleforBallot_Special&&Headline=Rajasthan+result+a+vote+against+Raje – Accessed 12 December 2008 – Attachment 7 9 Tomar, K.S. 2008, „Ashok Gehlot will be new Rajasthan CM‟, Hindustan Times, 11 December http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/FullcoverageStoryPage.aspx?id=305610b9-e1b4-4e1f-8bce- 91abf425baa9BattleforBallot_Special&MatchID1=4855&TeamID1=6&TeamID2=2&MatchType1=1&SeriesID1=1 223&PrimaryID=4855&Headline=Ashok+Gehlot+will+be+Rajasthan‟s+new+CM – Accessed 12 December 2008 – Attachment 7 10 „Governor of Rajasthan‟ (undated), Rajasthan Legislative Assembly website http://rajassembly.nic.in/pregovernor.htm – Accessed 3 June 2011 – Attachment 8 11 „Shivraj Patil lone bigwig yet to be re-instated post 26/11‟ 2009, The Economic Times, 15 November – http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2009-11-15/news/27639387_1_shivraj-patil-terror-attacks-r-r-patil – Accessed 3 June 2011 – Attachment 9 12„Rajasthan Legislative Assembly, 13th House – Party Position‟ (undated) http://www.rajassembly.nic.in/PartyPosition.asp – Accessed 1 June 2011 – Attachment 10 13 „Ashok Gehlot‟ (Undated), Rajasthan legislative Assembly website http://rajassembly.nic.in/ashok-gehlot.htm – Accessed 12 December 2008 – Attachment 11 14 Tomar, K.S. 2008, „Ashok Gehlot will be new Rajasthan CM‟, Hindustan Times, 11 December http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/FullcoverageStoryPage.aspx?id=305610b9-e1b4-4e1f-8bce- 91abf425baa9BattleforBallot_Special&MatchID1=4855&TeamID1=6&TeamID2=2&MatchType1=1&SeriesID1=1 223&PrimaryID=4855&Headline=Ashok+Gehlot+will+be+Rajasthan‟s+new+CM – Accessed 12 December 2008 – Attachment 2 15 „Ashok Gehlot, Hon‟ble Chief Minister of Rajasthan‟ (Undated), Official Web Portal of the http://www.rajasthan.gov.in/rajgovt/keypeopleprofile/cmprofile.html – Accessed 26 May 2011 – Attachment 12

Page 2 of 10 Haraji Ram Burdak16 is the current Minister for Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries in Rajasthan.17 Formerly a Congress party member and member of several Rajasthan legislative assemblies,18 Burdak was defeated by a BJP candidate in his constituency of Ladnun during the state‟s 2003 elections.19 He re-entered parliament in 2008 as an independent candidate,20 21 and was co-opted into the Gehlot ministry. 22 Burdak‟s official biography states that he has three sons, although none of their names were located.23

2. Provide brief information about the student wings of the BJP (ABVP) and Congress Party (NSUI) in Rajasthan.

The student affiliate of the BJP is the Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad (ABVP),24 and the Congress equivalent is the National Students Union of India (NSUI). 25 Both groups are active in Rajasthan, and compete against one another in student elections.

The ABVP claims to be the largest student organisation in India in terms of membership. According to the central ABVP website, there are 1,780,802 members nationwide.26 The NSUI claims to be one of the largest student organisations both in India and worldwide. The NSUI national website states that each college in India „will have‟27 an NSUI committee comprising a president, vice president, other office bearers and members, all elected by NSUI members at the college.28 There is a page dedicated to Rajasthan via the NSUI website, however it has little content.29 Whilst there are other student political associations in Rajasthan, the ABVP and the NSUI are the most popular.30

16 Also spelled Harji Ram Burdak in several sources. 17 „Portfolio Allocation Gehlot keeps 40 departments‟ 2008, The Tribune, 22 December http://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20081223/nation.htm#10 – Accessed 3 June 2011 – Attachment 13 18 „Haraji Ram Burdak‟ (undated) Official Web Portal of the Government of Rajasthan http://www.rajassembly.nic.in/MembersPage.asp?DivNo=196 – Accessed 26 May 2011 – Attachment 14 19 Election Commission of India 2003, Statistical Report on General Election, 2003 to the Legislative Assembly of Rajasthan, Election Commission of India website, p. 212 http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_NOV_2003/StatisticalReports_RAJ_Nov2003.pdf – Accessed 1 June 2011 – Attachment 15 20 „Rajasthan (List Of Leading/Winning Candidates)‟ 2008, Election Commission of India website http://www.eci.gov.in/nov08/trend_raj.asp – Accessed 12 December 2008 – Attachment 16 21 „Haraji Ram Burdak‟ (undated) Official Web Portal of the Government of Rajasthan http://www.rajassembly.nic.in/MembersPage.asp?DivNo=196 – Accessed 26 May 2011 – Attachment 14 22 „Portfolio Allocation Gehlot keeps 40 departments‟ 2008, The Tribune, 22 December http://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20081223/nation.htm#10 – Accessed 3 June 2011 – Attachment 13 23 „Haraji Ram Burdak‟ (undated) Official Web Portal of the Government of Rajasthan http://www.rajassembly.nic.in/MembersPage.asp?DivNo=196 – Accessed 26 May 2011 –Attachment 14 24 Jaffrelot, C. (ed) 2007, Hindu Nationalism: A Reader, Princeton University Press website, 25 April http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/i8560.html – Accessed 27 June 2007 – Attachment 17 25 Kaul, A. 2009, „NSUI launches talent search program in state‟ , 9 June http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-06-09/jaipur/28193157_1_nsui-ranju-ramawat-national-students- union – Accessed 3 June 2011 – Attachment 18 26 „Home‟ (undated), ABVP website http://www.abvp.org/ – Accessed 6 June 2011 – Attachment 19 27 Whether this wording is aspirational, or whether there is in fact an NSUI committee at every college campus in India has not been determined. 28 „About NSUI‟ 2010, NSUI National Students Union of India website, 2 July http://www.nsui.in/pg/pages/view/15/ – Accessed 3 June 2011 – Attachment 20 29 „NSUI Rajasthan‟ (undated), National Students‟ Inion of India website http://www.nsui.in/pg/groups/16141/nsui- rajasthan/ – Accessed 3 June 2011 – Attachment 21 30 „Spurt in student groups hits RU‟ 2009, The Times of India, 27 July http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-07-27/jaipur/28152085_1_student-leader-student-union-elections- rajasthan-university – Accessed 3 June 2011 – Attachment 22

Page 3 of 10

Both the ABVP and the NSUI reportedly conducted membership drives in the wake of Rajasthan‟s 2008 state elections; the ABVP to revive its membership base after the loss,31 and NSUI to build on the momentum of Congress‟ success.32 NSUI‟s membership drive included campaigning, rallies and a „three phase talent search‟ for new members, which involved campus visits from senior NSUI figures. According to a 2009 article in The Times of India, Rajasthan student politics is male-dominated, with low female membership in both the ABVP and the NSUI. The article reports that, to address this issue, NSUI planned to establish girls‟ wings at every college campus in Rajasthan.33

The ABVP claims it outperformed the NSUI in 2010 student elections, winning 105 of the 197 elections it contested.34 Amongst positions won by the ABVP were those of student union president and vice president at Rajasthan University.35 Whilst the two organisations are rivals, they reportedly protested together in July 2010 against a proposal to raise the minimum age for competing in student union elections.36

Additionally, the ABVP‟s presence in Rajasthan has been noted in relation to the following activities over the past 12 months:

 In April 2011, the ABVP protested against the Rajasthan Board of Secondary Education‟s conducting teachers‟ eligibility tests, stating that such a test was the responsibility of the Rajasthan Public Service Commission.37  In September 2010, a newly elected president of Rajasthan College Student‟s Union, an AVBP member, was reportedly attacked with iron batons and sharp weapons in a parking lot, after he confronted a group about harassing younger students. The victim, who was attacked during daylight, was said to be able to name eight of his assailants. The report does not state whether those involved in the attack were connected with any non-ABVP student political organisations.38

31 „ABVP launches a membership drive‟ 2009, The Times of India, 3 June http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-07-18/jaipur/28189242_1_students-union-student-leader- membership-drive – Accessed 3 June 2011 – Attachment23 32 Kaul, A. 2009, „NSUI launches talent search program in state‟ The Times of India, 9 June http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-06-09/jaipur/28193157_1_nsui-ranju-ramawat-national-students- union – Accessed 3 June 2011 – Attachment 18 33 Banerjee, K. 2009, „Girls wary of student politics‟ The Times of India, http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-06-18/jaipur/28160507_1_girls-campus-politics-boys – Accessed 3 June 2011 – Attachment 24 34 „Alarm bells for Cong: ABVP outshines NSUI across country‟ 2011, ABVP Pashchim Banga website, 6 January http://abvpwb.org/2011/01/06/alarm-bells-for-cong-abvp-outshines-nsui-across-country/ – Accessed 3 June 2011 – Attachment 25 35 „ABVP wins the Rajasthan University Student Union polls‟ 2010, ABVP Paschim Banga (West Bengal) website, 28 August http://abvpwb.org/2010/08/28/abvp-nsui-share-honour-in-ru-student-union-polls/ – Accessed 3 June 2011 – Attachment 26 36 „4 booked for creating trouble on Rajasthan University Campus‟ 2010, The Times of India, 24 July http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-07-24/jaipur/28311895_1_union-polls-age-bar-student-leaders – Accessed 3 June 2011 – Attachment 27 37 „ABVP opposes teachers eligibility test‟ 2011, The Times of India,29 April http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-04-29/jaipur/29486589_1_abvp-tet-agitation – Accessed 3 June 2011 – Attachment 28 38 „Rowdies attack braveheart ABVP leader‟ 2010, The Times of India, 28 September http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-09-28/jaipur/28236379_1_abvp-three-students-rusu – Accessed 3 June 2011 – Attachment29

Page 4 of 10  In September 2010, two members of ABVP were arrested for „manhandling‟ the chief proctor of Rajasthan University after he refused them a meeting with the vice- chancellor.39  Also in September 2010, ABVP members led a rally opposing the number of Bangladeshis residing illegally in Jaipur.40

NSUI meanwhile, have featured in relation to the following issues:

 In August 2010, the NSUI, Rajasthan ousted three of its members for „alleged anti-party activities‟. The activities in question were running against the NSUI‟s presidential candidate in the Rajasthan University Student Union elections. Together, the three gained enough votes to make the difference between winning and losing for the NSUI candidate.41  A more dated report at July 2009 saw NSUI activists call for the omission of certain chapters in secondary social science texts. The NSUI found comments regarding Congress leaders in these chapters objectionable. Hundreds of members “gathered in the premises of the board and shouted slogans against the board and the BJP.”42

3. Where are Jats in terms of caste hierarchy in Rajasthan? Is there any information about a Burdak’ caste?

The highest density of Jats lies in northern India; in Rajasthan, Haryana and Punjab states. Jats comprise followers of Hinduism, Sikhism and Islam.43

In 1972, Richard Sisson described Shudra as peasants and artisans; above them were the Vaishya who engaged in commerce and trade; then the Kshatriya who were warriors and rulers; and highest were the Brahman priests.44 The Jats have been traditionally associated with agriculture, cattle rearing and soldiering.45 This would appear to place them towards the bottom of the caste system, as Shudra, yet higher than the Harijans (or Untouchables, who are left out of the cast system altogether). Sisson explicitly identified Jats as an „agricultural caste‟.46

39 „ABVP members held for attack on RU teacher‟ 2010, The Times of India, 25 September http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-09-25/jaipur/28255147_1_abvp-members-akhil-bharatiya-vidyarthi- parishad-rajasthan-university – Accessed 3 June 2011 – Attachment 30 40 „ABVP launches tirade against Bangladeshis‟ 2008, The Times of India, 16 October http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-10-16/jaipur/27924399_1_bangladeshi-immigrants-akhil-bharatiya- vidyarthi-parishad-abvp – Accessed 3 June 2011 – Attachment 31 41„NSUI expels rebel activists‟ 2010, The Times of India, 27 August http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010- 08-27/jaipur/28315975_1_nsui-expels-anti-party-activities – Accessed 3 June 2011 – Attachment 32 42 „NSUI demands changes in RBSE syllabus‟ 2009, The Times of India, 15 July http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-07-15/jaipur/28180615_1_nsui-social-science-syllabus – Accessed 1 June 2011 – Attachment 33 43 „Jats‟ 2007, Haryana Online website http://www.haryana-online.com/People/jats.htm – Accessed 6 September 2007 – Attachment 34 44 Sisson, R. 1972, Congress Party in Rajasthan: Political Integration and Institution Building in an Indian State, University of California Press, Google Books, p. 33 http://books.google.com.au/books?id=YNn0L9BmCQcC&pg=PA327&dq=Jat+caste+Rajasthan+Vaishya+OR+Shud ra+OR+Harijan&hl=en&ei=BXvoTaCsHYu2vQOZl_HXDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0 CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Jat%20caste%20Rajasthan%20Vaishya%20OR%20Shudra%20OR%20Harijan&f=f alse – Accessed 3 June 2011 – Attachment 35 45 „Jats‟ 2007, Haryana Online website http://www.haryana-online.com/People/jats.htm – Accessed 6 September 2007 – Attachment 34 46 Sisson, R. 1972, Congress Party in Rajasthan: Political Integration and Insitution Building in an Indian State, University of California Press, Google Books, p. 33; 327 http://books.google.com.au/books?id=YNn0L9BmCQcC&pg=PA327&dq=Jat+caste+Rajasthan+Vaishya+OR+Shud

Page 5 of 10 That said, even the dated Sisson source dubs the Jats “the largest and most politically dynamic caste in Rajasthan”, 47 and makes reference to a formerly “Jat-ruled princely state”. 48 A 2002 article describes farmer‟ movements led by “middle-caste and locally dominant cultivators belonging to the Jat caste”, and “richer peasant farmers, often belonging to the Jat caste”.49 Other contemporary sources state that Jat people and Jat regions are among the most prosperous in India, on a per capita basis. 50 51 An article on the Dan Church Aid website goes so far as to describe Jats in Rajasthan as „upper-caste‟.52

Jats were often recruited into the military during British rule. Many modern Jats are well-read and have entered fields such as military, policing and civil service. Some also occupy high positions in academia and technical areas.53 One source describes the current Rajasthan cabinet as being „loaded‟ with Jats,54 while another names two Jat figures who reportedly competed with Gehlot for the post of chief minister.55 A Hindustan Times article states that Jat votes were split between Congress and the BJP in the 2008 state elections.56

Jats can be divided into several clans and hundreds of gotras. 57 Undated online sources describe Burdak as a Jat surname, and Burdak people as a gotra of the Jat community.58 Haraji Ram

ra+OR+Harijan&hl=en&ei=BXvoTaCsHYu2vQOZl_HXDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0 CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Jat%20caste%20Rajasthan%20Vaishya%20OR%20Shudra%20OR%20Harijan&f=f alse – Accessed 3 June 2011 – Attachment 35 47 Sisson, R. 1972, Congress Party in Rajasthan: Political Integration and Insitution Building in an Indian State, University of California Press, Google Books, p. 34 http://books.google.com.au/books?id=YNn0L9BmCQcC&pg=PA327&dq=Jat+caste+Rajasthan+Vaishya+OR+Shud ra+OR+Harijan&hl=en&ei=BXvoTaCsHYu2vQOZl_HXDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0 CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Jat%20caste%20Rajasthan%20Vaishya%20OR%20Shudra%20OR%20Harijan&f=f alse – Accessed 3 June 2011 – Attachment 35 48 Sisson, R. 1972, Congress Party in Rajasthan: Political Integration and Insitution Building in an Indian State, University of California Press, Google Books, p. 35 http://books.google.com.au/books?id=YNn0L9BmCQcC&pg=PA327&dq=Jat+caste+Rajasthan+Vaishya+OR+Shud ra+OR+Harijan&hl=en&ei=BXvoTaCsHYu2vQOZl_HXDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0 CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Jat%20caste%20Rajasthan%20Vaishya%20OR%20Shudra%20OR%20Harijan&f=f alse – Accessed 3 June 2011 – Attachment 35 49 Jeffrey, C. 2002, „Caste, Class, and Clientelism: A Political Economy of Everyday Corruption in Rural North India‟, Economic Geography, vol. 78, no. 1, pp. 21-41 http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/4140822.pdf?acceptTC=true – Accessed 3 June 2011 – Attachment 36 50 „Jats‟ 2007, Haryana Online website http://www.haryana-online.com/People/jats.htm – Accessed 6 September 2007 – Attachment 34 51 „Jats wake up to honour killings, to hold seminar‟ 2009, The Times of India, 10 October – Attachment 37 52 „Parents struggle for Justice‟ 2010, Dan Church Aid website, 3 February – Attachment 38 53 „Jats‟ 2007, Haryana Online website http://www.haryana-online.com/People/jats.htm – Accessed 6 September 2007 – Attachment 34 54 Bhandari, P. 2008 „13-member Gehlot-led ministry sworn in‟ The Times of India, 20 December http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-12-20/india/27945207_1_parsadi-lal-meena-golma-devi-three- parliamentary-secretaries – Accessed 26 May 2011 – Attachment 39 55 „Ashok Gehlot sworn in as Rajasthan Chief Minister‟ 2008, rediff news, 13 December http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/13-ashok-gehlot-sworn-in-as-rajasthan-chief-minister.htm – Accessed 15 December 2008 – Attachment 40 56 Jha, S. & Tomar, K.S. 2008, „Rajasthan result a vote against Raje‟, Hindustan Times, 9 December http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/FullcoverageStoryPage.aspx?id=89d7499e-25c2-4058-b57a- 3f408894ca7aBattleforBallot_Special&&Headline=Rajasthan+result+a+vote+against+Raje – Accessed 12 December 2008 – Attachment 7 57 „Jats‟ 2007, Haryana Online website http://www.haryana-online.com/People/jats.htm – Accessed 6 September 2007 – Attachment 34 58 „Burdak‟ (undated), Jatland website http://www.jatland.com/home/Burdak – Accessed 3 June 2011 – Attachment 41

Page 6 of 10 Burdak and Narayan Singh Burdak, both Congress politicians, are reportedly members of this group. The surname „Burdak‟ is reportedly subject to several variations in spelling.59

Attachments 1. „Rajasthan‟ 2001, The Colombia Encyclopaedia, Sixth edn.

2. Tomar, K.S. 2008, „Ashok Gehlot will be new Rajasthan CM‟, Hindustan Times, 11 December http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/FullcoverageStoryPage.aspx?id=305610b9- e1b4-4e1f-8bce- 91abf425baa9BattleforBallot_Special&MatchID1=4855&TeamID1=6&TeamID2=2&Matc hType1=1&SeriesID1=1223&PrimaryID=4855&Headline=Ashok+Gehlot+will+be+Rajast han‟s+new+CM – Accessed 12 December 2008.

3. „Indian National Congress‟ (undated), Encyclopaedia Britannica Online http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/285841/Indian-National-Congress – Accessed 1 June 2011.

4. „Congress Ruled States‟ (undated), Indian National Congress website – http://www.congress.org.in/new/ruled-states.php – Accessed 1 June 2011.

5. „About Us‟ (undated), Bharatia Janata Party website http://raj.bjp.org/index.php/about-us – Accessed 1 June 2011.

6. „Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)‟ (undated), Encyclopedia Britannica Online – http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/64033/Bharatiya-Janata-Party-BJP – Accessed 1 June 2011.

7. Jha, S. & Tomar, K.S. 2008, „Rajasthan result a vote against Raje‟, Hindustan Times, 9 December http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/FullcoverageStoryPage.aspx?id=89d7499e- 25c2-4058-b57a- 3f408894ca7aBattleforBallot_Special&&Headline=Rajasthan+result+a+vote+against+Raje – Accessed 12 December 2008.

8. „Governor of Rajasthan‟ (undated), Rajasthan Legislative Assembly website http://rajassembly.nic.in/pregovernor.htm – Accessed 3 June 2011.

9. „Shivraj Patil lone bigwig yet to be re-instated post 26/11‟ 2009, The Economic Times, 15 November – http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2009-11- 15/news/27639387_1_shivraj-patil-terror-attacks-r-r-patil – Accessed 3 June 2011.

10. „Rajasthan Legislative Assembly, 13th House – Party Position‟ (undated) http://www.rajassembly.nic.in/PartyPosition.asp – Accessed 1 June 2011.

11. „Ashok Gehlot‟ (Undated), Rajasthan legislative Assembly website http://rajassembly.nic.in/ashok-gehlot.htm – Accessed 12 December 2008.

59 „Burdak‟ (undated), Citizendia website http://www.citizendia.org/Burdak#cite_note- Dr_Mahendra_Singh_Arya.2C_Dharmpal_Singh_Dudu.2C_Kishan_Singh_Faujdar_.26_Vijendra_Singh_Narwar-0 – Accessed 26 May 2011 – Attachment 42

Page 7 of 10 12. „Ashok Gehlot, Hon‟ble Chief Minister of Rajasthan‟ (Undated), Official Web Portal of the Government of Rajasthan http://www.rajasthan.gov.in/rajgovt/keypeopleprofile/cmprofile.html – Accessed 26 May 2011.

13. „Portfolio Allocation Gehlot keeps 40 departments‟ 2008, The Tribune, 22 December http://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20081223/nation.htm#10 – Accessed 3 June 2011.

14. „Haraji Ram Burdak‟ (undated) Official Web Portal of the Government of Rajasthan http://www.rajassembly.nic.in/MembersPage.asp?DivNo=196 – Accessed 26 May 2011.

15. Election Commission of India 2003, Statistical Report on General Election, 2003 to the Legislative Assembly of Rajasthan, Election Commission of India website, p. 212 http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_NOV_2003/StatisticalReports_RAJ_Nov20 03.pdf – Accessed 1 June 2011.

16. „Rajasthan (List Of Leading/Winning Candidates)‟ 2008, Election Commission of India website http://www.eci.gov.in/nov08/trend_raj.asp – Accessed 12 December 2008 –

17. Jaffrelot, C. (ed) 2007, Hindu Nationalism: A Reader, Princeton University Press website, 25 April http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/i8560.html – Accessed 27 June 2007

18. Kaul, A. 2009, „NSUI launches talent search program in state‟ The Times of India, 9 June http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-06-09/jaipur/28193157_1_nsui-ranju- ramawat-national-students-union – Accessed 3 June 2011.

19. „Home‟ (undated), ABVP website http://www.abvp.org/ – Accessed 6 June 2011.

20. „About NSUI‟ 2010, NSUI National Students Union of India website, 2 July http://www.nsui.in/pg/pages/view/15/ – Accessed 3 June 2011.

21. „NSUI Rajasthan‟ (undated), National Students‟ Inion of India website http://www.nsui.in/pg/groups/16141/nsui-rajasthan/ – Accessed 3 June 2011.

22. „Spurt in student groups hits RU‟ 2009, The Times of India, 27 July http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-07-27/jaipur/28152085_1_student-leader- student-union-elections-rajasthan-university – Accessed 3 June 2011.

23. „ABVP launches a membership drive‟ 2009, The Times of India, 3 June http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-07-18/jaipur/28189242_1_students-union- student-leader-membership-drive – Accessed 3 June 2011.

24. Banerjee, K. 2009, „Girls wary of student politics‟ The Times of India, http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-06-18/jaipur/28160507_1_girls-campus- politics-boys – Accessed 3 June 2011.

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