Water Quality Annual Report

2012/13

GOULBURN VALLEY WATER

Goulburn Valley Water Water Quality Annual Report 2012-2013

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction ...... 5 1.1 Characterisation of water supply systems ...... 8 1.2 Improvements to water supply and treatment ...... 11 1.3 Changes to water sampling localities ...... 12 2. Water treatment and quality management systems ...... 13 2.1 Water treatment ...... 13 2.1.1 Water treatment processes and chemicals employed by Goulburn Valley Water ...... 16 2.1.2 Changes to water treatment processes and chemicals ...... 18 2.2 Issues ...... 18 3. Quality of drinking water ...... 19 3.1 Escherichia coli ...... 20 3.1.1 Results ...... 20 3.1.2 Actions in relation to non-compliance ...... 21 3.2 Chlorine based disinfection by-product chemicals ...... 22 3.2.1 Results ...... 23 3.2.2 Actions in relation to non-compliance ...... 27 3.3 Ozone based disinfection by-product chemicals ...... 27 3.4 Aluminium ...... 28 3.4.1 Results ...... 28 3.4.2 Actions in relation to non-compliance ...... 29 3.5 Turbidity ...... 30 3.5.1 Results ...... 30 Table 3.5.1: Turbidity ...... 30 3.5.2 Actions in relation to non-compliance ...... 31 3.6 Fluoride ...... 32 3.6.1 Results ...... 32 3.6.2 Actions in relation to non-compliance ...... 33 Table 3.6.2: Summary of Fluoride notifications under the Act ...... 33 3.7 Other algae, pathogens, chemical or substance that may pose a risk to human health...... 34 3.7.1 Results ...... 35 3.7.2 Actions in relation to non-compliance ...... 57 3.8 Aesthetics ...... 58 3.8.1 Results ...... 59

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Goulburn Valley Water Water Quality Annual Report 2012-2013

3.8.2 Actions in relation to non-compliance ...... 65 3.9 Analysis of results ...... 66 4. Emergency and incident management ...... 71 Known or Suspected Contamination ...... 72 Water Quality Incidents ...... 74 5. Complaints relating to water quality ...... 76 6. Findings of the most recent risk management plan audit ...... 77 7. Undertakings under section 30 of the act ...... 77 8. Regulated water ...... 79 9. Further information ...... 80

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.1 Source water Table 2.1.1 Water treatment processes Table 2.1.2 Water treatment chemicals Table 3.1.1 Escherichia coli Table 3.2.1 Chlorine based disinfection by-product chemicals - Chloroacetic acid Table 3.2.2 Chlorine based disinfection by-product chemicals - Dichloroacetic acid Table 3.2.3 Chlorine based disinfection by-product chemicals - Trichloroacetic acid Table 3.2.4 Chlorine based disinfection by-product chemicals – Trihalomethanes Table 3.4.1 Acid soluble aluminium Table 3.4.2 Summary of aluminium notifications under the Act Table 3.5.1 Turbidity Table 3.6.1 Fluoride Table 3.4.2 Summary of Fluoride notifications under the Act Table 3.7.1.1 Health related parameters –Antimony Table 3.7.1.2 Health related parameters – Arsenic Table 3.7.1.3 Health related parameters – Barium Table 3.7.1.4 Health related parameters – Cadmium Table 3.7.1.5 Health related parameters – Chromium Table 3.7.1.6 Health related parameters – Copper Table 3.7.1.7 Health related parameters – Lead Table 3.7.1.8 Health related parameters – Manganese Table 3.7.1.9 Health related parameters – Mercury

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Table 3.7.1.10 Health related parameters – Molybdenum Table 3.7.1.11 Health related parameters – Nickel Table 3.7.1.12 Health related parameters – Selenium Table 3.7.2.1 Health related parameters – Chlorite Table 3.7.2.2 Health related parameters – Chlorate Table 3.7.2.3 Health related parameters – Cyanide Table 3.7.2.4 Health related parameters – Oxidised nitrogen (nitrate and nitrite) Table 3.7.3.1 Health related parameters – Organic compounds in source water Table 3.7.3.2 Health related parameters – Organic compounds in reticulation Table 3.7.3.3 Health related parameters – Chloral hydrate in reticulation Table 3.7.3.4 Health related parameters – Pesticides in source water Table 3.7.3.5 Health related parameters – Pesticides in reticulation Table 3.7.4.1 Health related parameters – Radiological Table 3.7.5 Summary of health related parameter notifications under the Act Table 3.8.1 Aesthetic related parameters – pH Table 3.8.2 Aesthetic related parameters – True colour Table 3.8.3 Aesthetic related parameters – Electrical conductivity Table 3.8.4 Aesthetic related parameters – Hardness Table 3.8.5 Aesthetic related parameters – Alkalinity Table 3.8.6 Aesthetic related parameters – Iron Table 3.9 Summary of Compliance with Water Quality Standards Table 5.1 Complaints relating to water quality Table 7.1 Undertakings Table 7.2 Actions on undertakings Table 10.1 Regulated water supplies

LIST OF GRAPHS Graph 3.4 Acid soluble aluminium

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 .0 Drinking water quality policy Figure 1.1 Map of water supply systems Figure 1.2 O’Kanes Road raw water storage Figure 2.1 Jar Test

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Goulburn Valley Water Water Quality Annual Report 2012-2013

1. Introduction This water quality annual report has been prepared in accordance with section 26 of the Safe Drinking Water Act 2003 and regulation 15 of the Safe Drinking Water Regulations 2005. It provides an overview of Goulburn Valley Water’s implementation and performance to the Act for the reporting period 1 July 2012 to 30 June 2013. The report is intended to provide relevant information in the following areas:  Characterisation of supply systems  Sources of drinking water  Water treatment, including disinfection and fluoridation  Quality of drinking water  Emergency and incident management  Complaints relating to water quality  Audit outcomes  Undertakings, exemptions or variations under the Act  Regulated (non-potable) water supply systems

To provide quality assurance of the drinking water quality delivered to our customers, Goulburn Valley Water has developed a comprehensive risk based management system. The Corporation’s drinking water quality management system (DWQMS) has been established using the principals of the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines 2011 (ADWG) Framework for Management of Drinking Water Quality. The Corporation’s DWQMS contains provisions for process control, water quality monitoring, asset management, emergency management and incident response, customer feedback and staff training and competency.

A key aspect of the risk-based approach to the production of safe drinking water is the use of multiple water treatment processes (the ‘multiple barrier approach’). The correct operation of these treatment processes is a highly skilled task, requiring constant vigilance and attention to detail. On a day-to-day basis, it is the water treatment operator who carries the responsibility for ensuring that raw water is treated to the required standard, any incidents that may compromise quality are detected and addressed, and that identified risks are adequately managed.

Operator training and competency is a vital component of Goulburn Valley Water’s drinking water management strategy. The Corporation’s water treatment operators are trained through water industry training programmes, which include competency based assessment. The Corporation’s aim is to ensure water treatment operators meet the requirements of the Water Treatment Operator Competency Framework - Best Practice Guidelines. Operator skills are further enhanced with in- house training, refresher training courses and attendance at industry workshops and conferences.

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Goulburn Valley Water Water Quality Annual Report 2012-2013

Assessment, optimisation and scheduled maintenance of water treatment facilities are conducted on a regular basis by experienced water treatment specialists. Preventative maintenance and monitoring of critical process equipment assist to ensure the optimum performance of our treatment processes and facilities.

Goulburn Valley Water operates a Customer Service Centre 24 hours per day, 7 days per week, which is responsible for the real-time monitoring of over 60 water treatment facilities across our region, this includes the continuous monitoring of water quality. This vital role of continuous water quality monitoring and immediate response is achieved by utilising online water quality instrumentation and SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition). SCADA is one of several essential components in our assurance system for safe drinking water. SCADA is supported by instrumentation that continuously monitors each water treatment facility in real-time. Our water treatment facility operators are fully trained in the maintenance, calibration and interpretation of data generated by these instruments. The Customer Service Centre has the ability to remotely monitor and shut down treatment plant processes using SCADA, and regularly provides status and alarm information to water treatment operators located in each operational region.

Goulburn Valley Water’s DWQMS is regularly audited, reviewed and updated to ensure it provides a reliable and practical framework for the production of safe drinking water to its customers. The cornerstone of the system is the Corporation’s drinking water quality policy (refer to Figure 1.0).

Full details of Goulburn Valley Waters annual revenue and asset base are available in the Corporation’s Annual Report which is available on the Goulburn Valley Water website.

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Goulburn Valley Water Water Quality Annual Report 2012-2013

Figure 1.0: Goulburn Valley Water’s drinking water quality policy

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Goulburn Valley Water Water Quality Annual Report 2012-2013

1.1 Characterisation of water supply systems In Australia, water for the purpose of drinking is principally obtained from surface water sources such as rivers, lakes and reservoirs. Treatment of water from these sources is necessary to remove colour, fine particulates, harmful chemicals, organic compounds and most importantly, harmful micro-organisms (pathogens) that may be present from animals or human activities. Water may also be obtained from groundwater sources. Groundwater is usually free of fine particulates and organic matter, but needs to be monitored and treated for harmful pathogens, heavy metals and salinity.

Goulburn Valley Water’s town water supplies are principally diverted from the Goulburn and Murray Rivers, the associated tributaries and from irrigation channel systems managed by Goulburn-Murray Water. Other town water supplies divert water from unregulated streams such as Seven Creeks near Euroa, Nine Mile Creek near Longwood, Mollison Creek near Pyalong, Yea River at Yea, Steavenson River at Marysville and Sunday Creek near Kilmore. Groundwater is utilised in Katunga. All water supply sources are relatively secure with respect to volumes except during severe drought events. To maintain security of supply during the winter months when the irrigation systems are shut-down, water is diverted to large off-stream water storage reservoirs at a number of towns.

Raw water generally needs to be processed through a water treatment plant to produce water that is safe to drink, aesthetically pleasing and suitable for domestic purposes. Water treatment often involves various treatment processes, including pre-treatment, chemical dosing, coagulation, flocculation, clarification, filtration, disinfection and in some towns fluoridation.

Goulburn Valley Water manages approximately 1,800 kilometres of distribution and reticulation pipelines. To provide adequate storage capacity to meet peak water demand periods, Goulburn Valley Water maintains 123 treated water storage tanks, basins and reservoirs.

Re-chlorination facilities are incorporated into major treated water storages to ensure disinfection is maintained and to provide a residual level of chlorine in the reticulation network. Having residual chlorine in the reticulated water is highly desirable as it assists in the inhibition of microbial growth within the water mains and, in the unlikely event of system recontamination, provides a disinfection safeguard. Pipeline cleanliness is regularly maintained through an ongoing preventative maintenance program of flushing, air scouring and swabbing. Treated water storage tanks are also cleaned and inspected on a regular basis.

Details of Goulburn Valley Water’s area of operation and sources of raw water are contained in Figure 1.1 and Table 1.1 respectively.

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Goulburn Valley Water Water Quality Annual Report 2012-2013

Figure 1.1: Map of Goulburn Valley Water’s area of operation and water supply systems

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Table 1.1: Source Water

Water Treatment Population Water Sampling Source Water Off-Stream Water Storage Plant Serviced Localities (WTP) (to nearest 10) Alexandra Goulburn River Alexandra Raw Water Storage Alexandra WTP 2810 Avenel Goulburn River Heywoods Hill Raw Water Storage Seymour WTP 1030 Barmah Murray River Barmah WTP 280 Bonnie Doon Lake Eildon Bonnie Doon Raw Water Storage Bonnie Doon WTP 590 Broadford Goulburn River & Sunday Creek Reservoir Broadford No. 3 Reservoir Broadford WTP 4500 Buxton Steavenson River Aub Cuzens Reservoir Marysville WTP 530 Cobram Murray River Cobram WTP 5910 Colbinabbin Irrigation Channel (Central Goulburn Area) Colbinabbin Raw Water Storage Colbinabbin WTP 180 Dookie Irrigation Channel (Shepparton Area) Dookie Raw Water Storage Dookie WTP 330 Eildon Goulburn River Alexandra Raw Water Storage Alexandra WTP 1390 Euroa Seven Creeks & Mountain Hut Creek Abbinga Reservoir Euroa WTP 3600 Girgarre Irrigation Channel (Central Goulburn Area) Girgarre Raw Water Storage Girgarre WTP 290 Katamatite Irrigation Channel (Murray Valley Area) Katamatite Raw Water Storage Katamatite WTP 270 Katandra West Irrigation Channel (Shepparton Area) Katandra West Raw Water Storage Katandra West WTP 270 Katunga Groundwater Bores Katunga WTP 230 Kilmore Sunday Creek Reservoir & Hazels Creek Hollowback Reservoir Kilmore WTP 7990 Kyabram Irrigation Channel (Central Goulburn Area) Kyabram Raw Water Storage Kyabram WTP 6720 Longwood Nine Mile Creek Nine Mile Creek Reservoir Longwood WTP 280 Mansfield Delatite River Ritchie Reservoir Mansfield WTP 4060 Marysville Steavenson River Aub Cuzens Reservoir Marysville WTP 670 Merrigum Irrigation Channel (Central Goulburn Area) Kyabram Raw Water Storage Kyabram WTP 480 Mooroopna Goulburn River Shepparton WTP 8500 Murchison Goulburn River Murchison WTP 970 Nagambie Lake Nagambie Nagambie WTP 1870 Nathalia Broken Creek Nathalia WTP 1720 Numurkah Irrigation Channel (Murray Valley Area) Numurkah Raw Water Reservoir Numurkah WTP 4540 Picola Irrigation Channel (Murray Valley Area) Picola Raw Water Storage Picola WTP 140 Pyalong Mollison Creek Pyalong Raw Water Storage Pyalong WTP 440 Rushworth Waranga Basin outlet channel Rushworth WTP 1310 Seymour Low Level 1 Goulburn River Heywoods Hill Raw Water Storage Seymour WTP 5620 Seymour High Level Goulburn River Heywoods Hill Raw Water Storage Seymour WTP 1720 Shepparton 2 Goulburn River Shepparton WTP 44480 Stanhope Irrigation Channel (Central Goulburn Area) Stanhope Raw Water Storage Stanhope WTP 560 Strathmerton Murray River Cobram WTP 570 Tallarook Goulburn River Heywoods Hill Raw Water Storage Seymour WTP 290 Tallygaroopna Goulburn River Shepparton WTP 350 Tatura Irrigation Channel (Central Goulburn Area) Tatura Raw Water Storage Tatura WTP 4320 Thornton Goulburn River Alexandra Raw Water Storage Alexandra WTP 240 Tongala Irrigation Channel (Central Goulburn Area) Tongala Raw Water Storage Tongala WTP 1440 Toolamba Goulburn River Shepparton WTP 380 Trawool Goulburn River Heywoods Hill Raw Water Storage Seymour WTP 130 Upper Delatite Delatite River Upper Delatite WTP 1210 Violet Town Seven Creeks & Mountain Hut Creek Abbinga Reservoir Euroa WTP 960 Wandong - Sunday Creek Reservoir & Hazels Creek Hollowback Reservoir Kilmore WTP 1250 Heathcote Junction Waterford Park Goulburn River & Sunday Creek Reservoir Broadford No. 3 Reservoir Broadford WTP 280 Wunghnu Irrigation Channel (Murray Valley Area) Numurkah Raw Water Reservoir Numurkah WTP 320 Yarroweyah Murray River Cobram WTP 140 Yea Yea River Yea WTP 1450

1 Seymour Low Level water sampling locality includes Mangalore. 2 Shepparton water sampling locality includes Congupna.

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Goulburn Valley Water Water Quality Annual Report 2012-2013

1.2 Improvements to water supply and treatment Goulburn Valley Water continued its significant capital works program in 2012/13. Some of the improvement initiatives invested in by the corporation in 2012/13 for drinking water quality and supply included:

 Continuation of a project to upgrade the Corporation’s SCADA systems;  Continuation of a project to replace the Corporation’s QMS database system;  Commissioning of a 280 ML raw water storage north of Numurkah. This project enabled water to be taken from an irrigation channel supplied from the Murray River and remove the need to take the historically poor quality water from the Broken Creek;  Commencement of an upgrade to Broadford WTP chlorination facility;  Optimisation of Shepparton DAFF plant;  The Corporation has also continued to invest heavily in the replacement of old unlined cast iron mains which can often discolour water supplied to customers.

Several new projects are planned to commence over the upcoming years, including:  Construction of a new water treatment plant at Marysville to commence in 2013/14;  An upgrade to the Numurkah Water Treatment Plant to commence in 2014/15;  Improvements to the Nathalia Water Treatment Plant to improve water quality, including the replacement of the current filters is due to commence in 2014/15;  Construction of additional clear water storage at Nagambie Water Treatment Plant is due to commence in 2013/14;  Tongala Fluoride Plant upgrade to commence 2013/14;  Kilmore Fluoride Plant construction to commence 2013/2014.

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Goulburn Valley Water Water Quality Annual Report 2012-2013

2012/13 is the last year of Water Plan 2. Over the course of Water Plan 2 Goulburn Valley Water committed to and completed several water quality improvement projects including the following:  Commissioning of a new pipeline to deliver treated water from the Alexandra water treatment plant to Thornton and Eildon townships;  Completion and commissioning of new water treatment plants using membrane filtration at, Colbinabbin, Dookie, Katamatite, Katandra West and Stanhope;  Reconstruction of the Kilmore Water Treatment Plant with an additional on-site clear water storage and sludge handling (geo-bag) facility;  Commissioning of a new pipeline to deliver raw water from the Goulburn River to the Broadford Water Treatment Plant;  Completion of new O’Kanes Road raw water storage north of Numurkah; and  Completion of a new DAFF (dissolved air floatation and filtration) water treatment plant at Bonnie Doon.

1.3 Changes to water sampling localities No changes to water sampling localities were made in the 2012/13 reporting period.

Figure 1.2 O’Kanes Road raw water storage

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Goulburn Valley Water Water Quality Annual Report 2012-2013

2. Water treatment and quality management systems

2.1 Water treatment Raw water from rivers, streams, reservoirs and aquifers generally needs to be processed through a water treatment plant to produce water that is safe to drink, aesthetically pleasing and suitable for domestic purposes. Water treatment may involve several different treatment processes, including pre-treatment, chemical addition, coagulation, flocculation, clarification, sedimentation, floatation, filtration, disinfection and fluoridation. Raw water and pre-treatment

Raw water may be pre-treated prior to the main processes within the water treatment plant. Examples of pre-treatment are raw water detention in reservoirs, algae control, and treatment to remove metals such as manganese and iron. Raw water is stored in reservoirs primarily to provide for periods when other water sources are in short supply. However, this can also greatly improve the quality of the water prior to entering the treatment plant. In addition to allowing much of the sediment to settle out, many harmful pathogens will naturally die-off in water storages over a period of time. Conversely, raw water detention also provides an opportunity for recontamination by birds, wave action, or algal blooms. Overall, detention of raw water is beneficial. Raw water reservoirs are sometimes prone to blooms of blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) or other types of algae, particularly during the warmer months of the year. Algal blooms can cause unpleasant tastes and odours in the water. Some species of blue-green algae can also produce toxins that may be harmful if consumed. Activated carbon is commonly used to remove algal toxins and unpleasant tastes and odours from the water. Algal blooms may also be addressed within the reservoir by addition of an algaecide such as copper sulphate, floating covers, or by aeration and destratification of the water body. High levels of manganese or iron in the water can cause an unpleasant taste or staining of plumbing fixtures. To reduce the levels of manganese or iron, the raw water reservoir may be aerated or the raw water may be treated with an oxidising agent such as potassium permanganate. Chemical addition, coagulation and flocculation

Surface waters from rivers and irrigation systems contain varying amounts of silt, clay and organic matter. These suspended particles usually cannot be removed by natural processes, as they are very small and have electrostatic charges that keep them stable in the water. In order to remove the suspended particles, it is necessary to neutralise the electrostatic charges by a process known as ‘coagulation’, and aggregate the small particles into larger particles by a process known as ‘flocculation’. Coagulation invariably requires addition of a chemical with a strong positive charge, such as aluminium sulphate (alum), to neutralise the negative electrostatic charges that allow particles to remain suspended in the raw water. Coagulation involves turbulent mixing of the coagulant chemical with the raw water. Flocculation involves gentle mixing of the coagulated water to allow the small particles to come together to form larger particles. Flocculation may occur naturally to some extent following coagulation, or may be encouraged by the addition of a chemical, such as a flocculant polymer.

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Goulburn Valley Water Water Quality Annual Report 2012-2013

Figure 2.1: Jar Test

Jar testing is used to test effectiveness of various chemical dosing

Clarification, Sedimentation and Flotation

Following coagulation and flocculation, clarification is commonly employed to remove most of the particles from the water. This may be achieved either by allowing the solids to settle to the bottom (known as ‘sedimentation’), or by floating the solids to the top of the water (known as ‘flotation’). Sedimentation can most simply be performed by allowing the solids to settle to the bottom of a dam over a period of time. A more sophisticated and efficient method of sedimentation uses an ‘upflow clarifier’. Within a conical or cylindrical vessel, a slow upflow of water allows the solid particles to sink and be periodically removed from the bottom of the vessel, whilst clean water overflows at the top. Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) involves the introduction of some water that has been pressurised and saturated with dissolved air. As the pressure is reduced, the dissolved air is released from the water as tiny bubbles which attach to the particles and float them to the surface, leaving clean water underneath. DAF is also an effective means of removing colour. Filtration

Some small particles can remain in the water after the clarification process. To ensure adequate clarity is achieved, the water can be polished by passing it through filters. Filtration is also effective in removing harmful pathogenic micro-organisms, such as Giardia and Cryptosporidium. In most cases, granular media such as sand and anthracite coal are used for filtration. At regular intervals, each filter is ‘backwashed’ to remove the trapped particles. Alternatively, membrane filters are used to produce a high quality filtered water.

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Goulburn Valley Water Water Quality Annual Report 2012-2013

Disinfection

One of the most important aspects of water treatment involves the removal of harmful pathogenic micro-organisms (viruses, bacteria and protozoa) that have the potential to cause disease. Effective and continuous disinfection is necessary for killing pathogens to ensure that the water is safe to drink. Prior to leaving each of the Corporation’s water treatment plants, drinking water is disinfected. The most commonly-used type of disinfection is chlorination, which involves the use of either chlorine gas or sodium hypochlorite. Generally, only a very low level of a chlorine-based chemical (less than 1 part per million of residual chlorine) is required to provide effective disinfection. Alternative forms of disinfection that may be employed in certain circumstances include chlorine dioxide, chloramination, ozonation, and UV irradiation. Fluoridation

Fluoridation is the practice of adding a fluoride-based chemical to the drinking water with the purpose of protecting teeth against decay for the whole community receiving fluoridated water. Fluoridation occurs in accordance with the requirements of the Code of practice for fluoridation of water supplies. Within the Goulburn Valley region, water produced at the Shepparton, Tongala, Kyabram, and Seymour water treatment plants is fluoridated. Water sampling localities that receive fluoridated water from these plants include Shepparton, Congupna, Mooroopna, Tallygaroopna, Toolamba, Tongala, Kyabram, Merrigum, Seymour, Trawool, Avenel and Tallarook. Clear water storage (storage of treated water)

Treated water is usually held in storage tanks and reservoirs to ensure adequate supply and pressure is available during peak-usage periods. Elevated water tanks and booster pumps are used to maintain adequate water pressure throughout the reticulation systems. Rechlorination plants are often utilised to maintain chlorine residual at sites in remote locations from the treatment plant. Reticulation (supply to the customers tap)

Treated water is reticulated through a network of distribution pipes before being received by customers. Pipeline cleanliness is maintained through an ongoing preventative maintenance program of flushing, air scouring and swabbing. Treated water storage tanks are also cleaned and inspected regularly.

Details of Goulburn Valley Water’s treatment processes and treatment chemicals are contained in Table 2.1.1 and Table 2.1.2 respectively.

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Goulburn Valley Water Water Quality Annual Report 2012-2013

2.1.1 Water treatment processes and chemicals employed by Goulburn Valley Water Table 2.1.1: Water Treatment Processes

Pre-treatment Clarification Filtration Disinfection

Water Treatment Plant

(WTP)

Coagulation & Flocculation & Coagulation Fluoridation

Raw Water DetentionWater Raw Aeration / Oxidation Clarification Upflow Sedimentation Dam Clarification Adsorption Flotation Dissolved Air Filtration Media Granular Rapid Filtration Sand Slow Filtration Membrane Hypochlorination / Chlorination Chloramination Dioxide Chlorine Alexandra WTP ● ● ● ● ● Barmah WTP ● ● ● ● Bonnie Doon WTP ● ● ● ● ● Broadford WTP ● ● ● ● Cobram WTP ● ● ● ● Colbinabbin WTP ● ● ● Dookie WTP ● ● ● Euroa WTP ● ● ● ● ● Girgarre WTP ● ● ● Katamatite WTP ● ● ● Katandra West WTP ● ● ● Katunga WTP ● ● Kilmore WTP ● ● ● ● ● Kyabram WTP ● ● ● ● ● ● Longwood WTP ● ● ● ● ● Mansfield WTP ● ● ● ● ● Marysville WTP ● ● ● Murchison WTP ● ● ● ● Nagambie WTP ● ● ● Nathalia WTP ● ● ● ● Numurkah WTP n ● ● ● ● Picola WTP ● ● ● ● ● Pyalong WTP ● ● ● Rushworth WTP ● ● ● ● Seymour WTP ● ● ● ● ● ● Shepparton WTP ● ● ● ● ● ● Stanhope WTP ● ● ● Tatura WTP ● ● ● ● ● Tongala WTP ● ● ● ● ● n Upper Delatite WTP n ● ● Yea WTP ● ● ● ●

● Process applied regularly throughout 2012/2013 n Process applied periodically during 2012/2013

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Table 2.1.2: Water Treatment Chemicals

Coagulants Polymers Alkalis Acids Disinfectants Fluoridants Cleaning Contingency

Water Sampling

Localities

Aluminium Sulphate (Alum) Aluminium Chlorohydrate (ACH) Coagulant Polymer Flocculant / Filter Aid Polymer Calcium Hydroxide (Hydrated Lime) Sodium Carbonate (Soda Ash) Sodium Hydroxide (Caustic Soda) Carbon Dioxide Hydrochloric Acid Chlorine Gas Sodium Hypochlorite (Hypo) Chlorine Dioxide (Sodium Chlorite + Hydrochloric Fluorosilicic Acid Sodium Fluoride Citric Acid Phosphoric Acid Potassium Permanganate Activated Carbon Alexandra ● ● ● ● * Avenel ● ● * ● ● ● ● Barmah ● ● ● ● * * Bonnie Doon ● ● ● ● ● Broadford ● ● ● ● ● ● Buxton ● ● ● Cobram ● ● ● ● ● * Colbinabbin ● ● * ● ● * * Dookie ● ● * ● ● * * Eildon ● ● ● ● * Euroa ● ● ● ● Girgarre ● ● Katamatite ● ● * ● * * Katandra West ● ● * ● * * Katunga ● Kilmore ● ● ● ● Kyabram ● ● ● ● ● Longwood ● ● ● ● Mansfield ● ● * ● Marysville ● ● ● Merrigum ● ● ● ● ● Mooroopna ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Murchison ● ● ● Nagambie ● ● ● ● * ● * Nathalia ● ● ● ● * * Numurkah ● ● ● ● * * Picola ● ● ● Pyalong * * * * ● * Rushworth ● * ● ● Seymour Low Level ● ● * ● ● ● ● Seymour High Level ● ● * ● ● ● ● Shepparton ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Stanhope ● * * * ● * * Strathmerton ● ● ● ● ● * Tallarook ● ● * ● ● ● ● Tallygaroopna ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Tatura ● ● ● Thornton ● ● ● ● * Tongala ● ● ● ● ● ● Toolamba ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Trawool ● ● * ● ● ● ● Upper Delatite * ● ● Violet Town ● ● ● ● Wandong - Heathcote Junction ● ● ● ● Waterford Park ● ● ● ● ● ● Wunghnu ● ● ● ● * * Yarroweyah ● ● ● ● ● * Yea ● ● ● ●

● Chemical used regularly * Chemical used periodically

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Goulburn Valley Water Water Quality Annual Report 2012-2013

2.1.2 Changes to water treatment processes and chemicals During 2012/2013 the following changes were made to the treatment processes employed at one of Goulburn Valley Water’s facilities:

 280 ML raw water storage completed at O’Kanes Road, north of Numurkah. This project will enable water to be taken from an irrigation channel supplied from the Murray River and avoid the need to take poor quality water from Broken Creek.  Pyalong water treatment plant was taken offline for maintenance work to be undertaken on the filters. Covers were also installed over the filters to reduce algae growth. Carting of treated water from the Seymour water treatment plant to Pyalong for commencing at the end of April for approximately two months.  A granular activated carbon filter was installed in November 2012 at the Longwood Water treatment plant to assist in the removal of turbidity.

During 2012/13 the following changes were made to the chemicals used at some of Goulburn Valley Water’s water treatment facilities:

 Pyalong locality was supplied with water from the Seymour Water treatment plant from the end of April for approximately two months due to lack of rainfall and stream flows in Mollisons creek. Please refer to the above table for chemicals used during that time.

2.2 Issues A suspected contamination occurred at the Euroa water treatment plant during the 2012/13 reporting period. Details of this incident are discussed in section 4.

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Goulburn Valley Water Water Quality Annual Report 2012-2013

3. Quality of drinking water Goulburn Valley Water collected the required number of samples for all water sampling localities in 2012/13. Refer to the ‘Microbiological Indicators’ section of this report.

Where applicable, the test results have been assessed against the water quality standards specified in the Safe Drinking Water Regulations 2005. Results have also been compared with the relevant guideline values in the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (ADWG) 2011. The ADWG guideline values are based upon either health or aesthetic considerations.

A summary of compliance with the standards for 2012/13, both in terms of population served and the number of water sampling localities, is presented in Table 3.9. The compliance achieved in 2010/11 and 2011/12 is also included for comparison.

The results presented in this report represent only those obtained by independent laboratory testing of scheduled samples, and are not biased by inclusion of investigations, confirmatory testing or re- sampling following incidents or non-compliances.

Comparisons of test results with guideline limits have been performed at the level of precision of the guideline limit. For example a result of 0.14 mg/L is deemed to be compliant with a guideline limit of 0.1 mg/L (after rounding to one decimal place).

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3.1 Escherichia coli Escherichia coli (E.coli) is the name of a specific bacterial species belonging to the coliforms group. E.coli is found naturally only in the digestive tracts of warm-blooded animals. The presence of E.coli in drinking water is conclusive evidence of recent faecal contamination of the water.

3.1.1 Results Table 3.1.1: Escherichia coli

Water Quality Parameter : Escherichia coli (E.coli) Regulatory Standard : For drinking water supplies, a minimum of 98% of samples is to contain no E.coli organisms per 100 mL. ADWG Health Guideline : Should not exceed 0 organisms per 100 mL. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Not applicable.

% of Sample Number of Non- Maximum Sampling Number of Results within Compliant with Water Sampling Locality Complying Result Frequency Samples Health Regulations Samples (orgs/100mL) Guideline Drinking Water Alexandra Weekly 52 0 0 100 Yes Avenel Weekly 52 0 0 100 Yes Barmah Weekly 52 1 1 98.1 Yes Bonnie Doon Weekly 52 0 0 100 Yes Broadford Weekly 52 0 0 100 Yes Buxton Weekly 52 0 0 100 Yes Cobram Weekly 64 0 0 100 Yes Colbinabbin Weekly 52 0 0 100 Yes Dookie Weekly 52 0 0 100 Yes Eildon Weekly 52 0 0 100 Yes Euroa Weekly 52 0 0 100 Yes Girgarre Weekly 52 0 0 100 Yes Katamatite Weekly 52 0 0 100 Yes Katandra West Weekly 52 0 0 100 Yes Katunga Weekly 52 0 0 100 Yes Kilmore Weekly 64 0 0 100 Yes Kyabram Weekly 64 0 0 100 Yes Longwood Weekly 52 0 0 100 Yes Mansfield Weekly 52 0 0 100 Yes Marysville Weekly 52 0 0 100 Yes Merrigum Weekly 52 0 0 100 Yes Mooroopna Weekly 64 0 0 100 Yes Murchison Weekly 52 0 0 100 Yes Nagambie Weekly 52 0 0 100 Yes Nathalia Weekly 52 0 0 100 Yes Numurkah Weekly 52 0 0 100 Yes Picola Weekly 52 1 7 98.1 Yes Pyalong Weekly 52 0 0 100 Yes Rushworth Weekly 52 0 0 100 Yes Seymour High Level Weekly 52 0 0 100 Yes Seymour Low Level Weekly 64 0 0 100 Yes Shepparton Weekly 156 0 0 100 Yes Stanhope Weekly 52 0 0 100 Yes Strathmerton Weekly 52 0 0 100 Yes Tallarook Weekly 52 0 0 100 Yes Tallygaroopna Weekly 52 0 0 100 Yes Tatura Weekly 52 0 0 100 Yes Thornton Weekly 52 0 0 100 Yes Tongala Weekly 52 0 0 100 Yes Toolamba Weekly 52 0 0 100 Yes Trawool Weekly 52 0 0 100 Yes Upper Delatite Weekly 104 0 0 100 Yes Violet Town Weekly 52 0 0 100 Yes Wandong / Heathcote Junction Weekly 52 0 0 100 Yes Waterford Park Weekly 52 0 0 100 Yes Wunghnu Weekly 52 0 0 100 Yes Yarroweyah Weekly 104 2 24 98.1 Yes Yea Weekly 52 0 0 100 Yes

Upper Delatite includes the townships of Sawmill Settlement and Merrijig and therefore has two samples taken per week. Yarroweyah includes the Bega Factory which is also sampled weekly. Therefore Yarroweyah has two samples taken per week. Due to population sizes, Cobram, Kilmore , Kyabram, Mooroopna, and Seymour (Low Level) have an extra sample taken per month. Shepparton has three samples taken per week due to its population size.

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3.1.2 Actions in relation to non-compliance All of the drinking water sampling localities complied with the regulatory water quality standard for E.coli. E.coli was detected within the reticulation system at Barmah, Picola and Yarroweyah localities. E.coli was also detected in the clear water storage at Strathmerton. Samples taken from clear water storages do not form part of the regulatory reporting so do not appear in the above table however exceedances are required to be reported to the Department of Health. These detections were single events and the localities remained compliant for the water quality standard. Refer to section 4 of this report for further information and action taken in response to these incidents.

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3.2 Chlorine based disinfection by-product chemicals

Chlorine based disinfection by-products (DBPs) may be produced from reactions between chlorine and organic matter in the water. Excessive levels of disinfection by-products are not desirable in drinking water as long-term exposure is believed to cause health problems. Although there are potentially numerous DBPs formed, those of most significance are haloacetic acids and trihalomethanes. Haloacetic acids are a group of compounds that includes chloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid. Trihalomethanes are a group of compounds that include chloroform, dibromochloromethane, bromodichloromethane and bromoform.

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3.2.1 Results Table 3.2.1: Chlorine based disinfection by-product chemicals – Chloroacetic Acid

Water Quality Parameter : Chloroacetic Acid Regulatory Standard : For drinking water supplies treated with chlorine-based chemicals, no results to exceed 0.15 mg/L. ADWG Health Guideline : Should not exceed 0.15 mg/L. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Not applicable.

Number of Non- Sampling Number of Maximum Result Compliant with Water Sampling Locality complying Frequency Samples (mg/L) Regulations Samples Drinking Water

Alexandra Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Avenel Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Barmah Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Bonnie Doon Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Broadford Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Buxton Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Cobram Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Colbinabbin Monthly 12 0 0.015 Yes Dookie Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Eildon Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Euroa Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Girgarre Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Katamatite Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Katandra West Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Katunga Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Kilmore Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Kyabram Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Longwood Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Mansfield Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Marysville Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Merrigum Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Mooroopna Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Murchison Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Nagambie Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Nathalia Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Numurkah Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Picola Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Pyalong Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Rushworth Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Seymour High Level Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Seymour Low Level Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Shepparton Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Stanhope Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Strathmerton Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Tallarook Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Tallygaroopna Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Tatura Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Thornton Monthly 12 0 0.011 Yes Tongala Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Toolamba Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Trawool Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Upper Delatite Monthly 24 0 < 0.010 Yes Violet Town Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Wandong / Heathcote Junction Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Waterford Park Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Wunghnu Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Yarroweyah Monthly 24 0 < 0.010 Yes Yea Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes

Upper Delatite includes the townships of Sawmill Settlement and Merrijig and therefore has two samples taken per month. Yarroweyah includes the Bega Factory which is also sampled monthly. Therefore Yarroweyah has two samples taken per month.

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Table 3.2.2: Chlorine based disinfection by-product chemicals – Dichloroacetic Acid

Water Quality Parameter : Dichloroacetic Acid Regulatory Standard : For drinking water supplies treated with chlorine-based chemicals, no results to exceed 0.1 mg/L. ADWG Health Guideline : Should not exceed 0.1 mg/L. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Not applicable.

Number of Non- Sampling Number of Maximum Result Compliant with Water Sampling Locality complying Frequency Samples (mg/L) Regulations Samples Drinking Water

Alexandra Monthly 12 0 0.011 Yes Avenel Monthly 12 0 0.014 Yes Barmah Monthly 12 0 0.024 Yes Bonnie Doon Monthly 12 0 0.026 Yes Broadford Monthly 12 0 0.019 Yes Buxton Monthly 12 0 0.021 Yes Cobram Monthly 12 0 0.014 Yes Colbinabbin Monthly 12 0 0.044 Yes Dookie Monthly 12 0 0.043 Yes Eildon Monthly 12 0 0.015 Yes Euroa Monthly 12 0 0.020 Yes Girgarre Monthly 12 0 0.041 Yes Katamatite Monthly 12 0 0.031 Yes Katandra West Monthly 12 0 0.033 Yes Katunga Monthly 12 0 < 0.005 Yes Kilmore Monthly 12 0 0.013 Yes Kyabram Monthly 12 0 0.015 Yes Longwood Monthly 12 0 0.037 Yes Mansfield Monthly 12 0 0.016 Yes Marysville Monthly 12 0 0.021 Yes Merrigum Monthly 12 0 0.017 Yes Mooroopna Monthly 12 0 0.014 Yes Murchison Monthly 12 0 0.020 Yes Nagambie Monthly 12 0 0.035 Yes Nathalia Monthly 12 0 0.044 Yes Numurkah Monthly 12 0 0.027 Yes Picola Monthly 12 0 0.016 Yes Pyalong Monthly 12 0 0.044 Yes Rushworth Monthly 12 0 0.032 Yes Seymour High Level Monthly 12 0 0.013 Yes Seymour Low Level Monthly 12 0 0.018 Yes Shepparton Monthly 12 0 0.025 Yes Stanhope Monthly 12 0 0.036 Yes Strathmerton Monthly 12 0 0.011 Yes Tallarook Monthly 12 0 0.021 Yes Tallygaroopna Monthly 12 0 < 0.005 Yes Tatura Monthly 12 0 0.014 Yes Thornton Monthly 12 0 0.015 Yes Tongala Monthly 12 0 0.010 Yes Toolamba Monthly 12 0 0.011 Yes Trawool Monthly 12 0 < 0.005 Yes Upper Delatite Monthly 24 0 0.032 Yes Violet Town Monthly 12 0 0.012 Yes Wandong / Heathcote Junction Monthly 12 0 0.018 Yes Waterford Park Monthly 12 0 0.016 Yes Wunghnu Monthly 12 0 0.011 Yes Yarroweyah Monthly 24 0 0.013 Yes Yea Monthly 12 0 0.027 Yes

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Table 3.2.3: Chlorine based disinfection by-product chemicals – Trichloroacetic Acid

Water Quality Parameter : Trichloroacetic Acid Regulatory Standard : For drinking water supplies treated with chlorine-based chemicals, no results to exceed 0.1 mg/L. ADWG Health Guideline : Should not exceed 0.1 mg/L. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Not applicable.

Number of Non- Sampling Number of Maximum Compliant with Water Sampling Locality complying Frequency Samples Result (mg/L) Regulations Samples Drinking Water

Alexandra Monthly 12 0 0.012 Yes Avenel Monthly 12 0 0.019 Yes Barmah Monthly 12 0 0.024 Yes Bonnie Doon Monthly 12 0 0.019 Yes Broadford Monthly 12 0 0.017 Yes Buxton Monthly 12 0 0.031 Yes Cobram Monthly 12 0 0.013 Yes Colbinabbin Monthly 12 0 0.029 Yes Dookie Monthly 12 0 0.038 Yes Eildon Monthly 12 0 0.015 Yes Euroa Monthly 12 0 0.021 Yes Girgarre Monthly 12 0 0.039 Yes Katamatite Monthly 12 0 0.019 Yes Katandra West Monthly 12 0 0.026 Yes Katunga Monthly 12 0 < 0.005 Yes Kilmore Monthly 12 0 0.011 Yes Kyabram Monthly 12 0 0.011 Yes Longwood Monthly 12 0 0.045 Yes Mansfield Monthly 12 0 0.011 Yes Marysville Monthly 12 0 0.031 Yes Merrigum Monthly 12 0 0.015 Yes Mooroopna Monthly 12 0 0.016 Yes Murchison Monthly 12 0 0.017 Yes Nagambie Monthly 12 0 0.039 Yes Nathalia Monthly 12 0 0.056 Yes Numurkah Monthly 12 0 0.035 Yes Picola Monthly 12 0 0.016 Yes Pyalong Monthly 12 0 0.037 Yes Rushworth Monthly 12 0 0.019 Yes Seymour High Level Monthly 12 0 0.014 Yes Seymour Low Level Monthly 12 0 0.016 Yes Shepparton Monthly 12 0 0.024 Yes Stanhope Monthly 12 0 0.051 Yes Strathmerton Monthly 12 0 0.024 Yes Tallarook Monthly 12 0 0.018 Yes Tallygaroopna Monthly 12 0 0.010 Yes Tatura Monthly 12 0 0.069 Yes Thornton Monthly 12 0 0.015 Yes Tongala Monthly 12 0 0.008 Yes Toolamba Monthly 12 0 0.022 Yes Trawool Monthly 12 0 0.010 Yes Upper Delatite Monthly 24 0 0.043 Yes Violet Town Monthly 12 0 0.021 Yes Wandong / Heathcote Junction Monthly 12 0 0.012 Yes Waterford Park Monthly 12 0 0.014 Yes Wunghnu Monthly 12 0 0.021 Yes Yarroweyah Monthly 24 0 0.017 Yes Yea Monthly 12 0 0.024 Yes

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Table 3.2.4: Chlorine based disinfection by-product chemicals - Trihalomethanes

Water Quality Parameter : Trihalomethanes, total Regulatory Standard : For drinking water supplies treated with chlorine-based chemicals, no results to exceed 0.25 mg/L. ADWG Health Guideline : Should not exceed 0.25 mg/L. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Not applicable.

Number of Non- Sampling Maximum Result Compliant with Water Sampling Locality Number of Samples complying Frequency (mg/L) Regulations Samples Drinking Water Alexandra Monthly 12 0 0.038 Yes Avenel Monthly 12 0 0.049 Yes Barmah Monthly 12 0 0.100 Yes Bonnie Doon Monthly 12 0 0.080 Yes Broadford Monthly 12 0 0.078 Yes Buxton Monthly 12 0 0.069 Yes Cobram Monthly 12 0 0.049 Yes Colbinabbin Monthly 12 0 0.210 Yes Dookie Monthly 12 0 0.120 Yes Eildon Monthly 12 0 0.042 Yes Euroa Monthly 12 0 0.140 Yes Girgarre Monthly 12 0 0.130 Yes Katamatite Monthly 12 0 0.074 Yes Katandra West Monthly 12 0 0.100 Yes Katunga Monthly 12 0 0.010 Yes Kilmore Monthly 12 0 0.086 Yes Kyabram Monthly 12 0 0.064 Yes Longwood Monthly 12 0 0.150 Yes Mansfield Monthly 12 0 0.033 Yes Marysville Monthly 12 0 0.056 Yes Merrigum Monthly 12 0 0.071 Yes Mooroopna Monthly 12 0 0.063 Yes Murchison Monthly 12 0 0.065 Yes Nagambie Monthly 12 0 0.099 Yes Nathalia Monthly 12 0 0.120 Yes Numurkah Monthly 12 0 0.120 Yes Picola Monthly 12 0 0.054 Yes Pyalong Monthly 12 0 0.240 Yes Rushworth Monthly 12 0 0.095 Yes Seymour High Level Monthly 12 0 0.041 Yes Seymour Low Level Monthly 12 0 0.041 Yes Shepparton Monthly 12 0 0.063 Yes Stanhope Monthly 12 0 0.130 Yes Strathmerton Monthly 12 0 0.056 Yes Tallarook Monthly 12 0 0.061 Yes Tallygaroopna Monthly 12 0 0.065 Yes Tatura Monthly 12 0 0.050 Yes Thornton Monthly 12 0 0.044 Yes Tongala Monthly 12 0 0.059 Yes Toolamba Monthly 12 0 0.070 Yes Trawool Monthly 12 0 0.039 Yes Upper Delatite Monthly 24 0 0.056 Yes Violet Town Monthly 12 0 0.160 Yes Wandong / Heathcote Junction Monthly 12 0 0.062 Yes Waterford Park Monthly 12 0 0.077 Yes Wunghnu Monthly 12 0 0.100 Yes Yarroweyah Monthly 24 0 0.050 Yes Yea Monthly 12 0 0.058 Yes

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3.2.2 Actions in relation to non-compliance All drinking water sampling localities complied with the regulatory standard for Chlorine based disinfection by-product chemicals.

3.3 Ozone based disinfection by-product chemicals Formaldehyde and bromate are potentially formed where ozone is used for disinfection. Goulburn Valley Water does not use ozone based disinfection at any of their water treatment plants.

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3.4 Aluminium Aluminium may be present at low levels in natural waters, and is introduced into water supplies through the use of aluminium-based coagulants used in the treatment process. When water treatment plants are operating properly, residual levels of aluminium are mostly negligible. If high residual levels of aluminium are present, the water has a metallic taste, and ‘post-flocculation’ of the aluminium may result in dirty water.

3.4.1 Results Table 3.4.1: Acid Soluble Aluminium

Water Quality Parameter : Aluminium, acid-soluble Regulatory Standard : For drinking water supplies treated with aluminium-based chemicals, no result to exceed 0.2 mg/L. ADWG Health Guideline : There is no health-based limit. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Should not exceed 0.2 mg/L.

Number of Non- Sampling Number of Maximum Result Compliant with Water Sampling Locality complying Frequency Samples (mg/L) Regulations Samples Drinking Water Alexandra Monthly 12 0 0.05 Yes Avenel Monthly 12 0 0.04 Yes Barmah Monthly 12 0 0.03 Yes Bonnie Doon Monthly 12 0 0.15 Yes Broadford Monthly 12 0 0.05 Yes Buxton 1 Quarterly 4 0 0.06 Yes Cobram Monthly 12 0 0.03 Yes Colbinabbin Monthly 12 0 0.04 Yes Dookie Monthly 12 0 0.03 Yes Eildon Monthly 10 0 0.02 Yes Euroa Monthly 12 0 0.04 Yes Girgarre Monthly 12 0 0.01 Yes Katamatite Monthly 12 0 0.07 Yes Katandra West Monthly 12 0 0.10 Yes Katunga 1 Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Kilmore Monthly 12 0 0.03 Yes Kyabram Monthly 12 0 0.06 Yes Longwood Monthly 12 0 0.17 Yes Mansfield Monthly 12 0 0.02 Yes Marysville 1 Quarterly 4 0 0.07 Yes Merrigum Monthly 12 0 0.04 Yes Mooroopna Monthly 12 0 0.11 Yes Murchison Monthly 12 0 0.17 Yes Nagambie Monthly 12 0 0.03 Yes Nathalia Monthly 12 0 0.01 Yes Numurkah Monthly 12 0 0.03 Yes Picola Monthly 12 0 0.03 Yes Pyalong 1 Quarterly 4 0 0.01 Yes Rushworth Monthly 12 0 0.05 Yes Seymour High Level Monthly 12 0 0.04 Yes Seymour Low Level Monthly 12 0 0.05 Yes Shepparton Monthly 12 1 0.50 No Stanhope Monthly 12 0 0.03 Yes Strathmerton Monthly 12 0 0.07 Yes Tallarook Monthly 12 0 0.08 Yes Tallygaroopna Monthly 12 0 0.04 Yes Tatura Monthly 12 0 0.10 Yes Thornton Monthly 10 0 0.03 Yes Tongala Monthly 12 0 0.03 Yes Toolamba Monthly 12 0 0.05 Yes Trawool Monthly 12 0 0.02 Yes Upper Delatite Monthly 24 0 0.02 Yes Violet Town Monthly 12 0 0.04 Yes Wandong / Heathcote Junction Monthly 12 0 0.03 Yes Waterford Park Monthly 12 0 0.05 Yes Wunghnu Monthly 12 0 0.04 Yes Yarroweyah Monthly 24 0 0.03 Yes Yea Monthly 12 0 0.02 Yes

1 Coagulant dosing is not conducted at these sites. Monitoring data relates to naturally occurring aluminium.

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Graph 3.4: Acid soluble aluminium

3.4.2 Actions in relation to non-compliance

During 2012/13, one non-compliant acid-soluble aluminium result was recorded at Shepparton.

All other drinking water sampling localities complied with the regulatory standard for aluminium.

Table 3.4.2: Summary of aluminium notifications under the Act Date Locality Issue Notification* 22/08/2012 Shepparton Aluminium Section 18 ⁪ ⁪ *Refer to section 4 of this report for action taken in response to this incident.

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3.5 Turbidity Turbidity is a measure of the ‘cloudiness’ of water, caused by the presence of fine suspended particles. Based on aesthetic considerations, the ADWG guideline limit for turbidity is 5 NTU. There is no health-based guideline value. A turbidity of less than 1 NTU is desirable for optimum disinfection.

3.5.1 Results

Table 3.5.1: Turbidity

Water Quality Parameter : Turbidity Regulatory Standard : For drinking water supplies, the 95% Upper Confidence Limit (UCL) of the Mean is not to exceed 5.0 NTU. ADWG Health Guideline : There is no health-based limit. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Should not exceed 5 NTU.

Sampling Number of Maximum Result Compliant with Water Sampling Locality 95% UCL of Mean Frequency Samples (NTU) Regulations Drinking Water Alexandra Weekly 52 0.4 0.2 Yes Avenel Weekly 52 1.1 0.2 Yes Barmah Weekly 52 3.2 0.4 Yes Bonnie Doon Weekly 52 1.0 0.2 Yes Broadford Weekly 52 7.6 0.6 Yes Buxton Weekly 52 2.9 0.7 Yes Cobram Weekly 64 0.6 0.2 Yes Colbinabbin Weekly 52 0.4 0.2 Yes Dookie Weekly 52 4.7 0.4 Yes Eildon Weekly 52 0.7 0.2 Yes Euroa Weekly 52 1.0 0.2 Yes Girgarre Weekly 52 0.3 0.1 Yes Katamatite Weekly 52 0.6 0.2 Yes Katandra West Weekly 52 0.3 0.1 Yes Katunga Weekly 52 0.2 0.1 Yes Kilmore Weekly 64 0.4 0.2 Yes Kyabram Weekly 64 1.2 0.2 Yes Longwood Weekly 52 0.4 0.2 Yes Mansfield Weekly 52 0.8 0.2 Yes Marysville Weekly 52 2.4 0.7 Yes Merrigum Weekly 52 2.2 0.2 Yes Mooroopna Weekly 64 0.4 0.2 Yes Murchison Weekly 52 0.3 0.2 Yes Nagambie Weekly 52 0.5 0.2 Yes Nathalia Weekly 52 0.2 0.1 Yes Numurkah Weekly 52 0.4 0.2 Yes Picola Weekly 52 1.3 0.2 Yes Pyalong Weekly 52 1.8 0.4 Yes Rushworth Weekly 52 0.4 0.2 Yes Seymour High Level Weekly 52 0.3 0.1 Yes Seymour Low Level Weekly 64 4.3 0.4 Yes Shepparton Weekly 156 1.2 0.2 Yes Stanhope Weekly 52 0.2 0.1 Yes Strathmerton Weekly 52 0.3 0.1 Yes Tallarook Weekly 52 0.8 0.3 Yes Tallygaroopna Weekly 52 0.5 0.2 Yes Tatura Weekly 52 0.4 0.2 Yes Thornton Weekly 52 0.4 0.2 Yes Tongala Weekly 52 0.3 0.1 Yes Toolamba Weekly 52 0.5 0.2 Yes Trawool Weekly 52 1.5 0.6 Yes Upper Delatite Weekly 104 0.5 0.1 Yes Violet Town Weekly 52 1.0 0.2 Yes Wandong / Heathcote Junction Weekly 52 0.7 0.2 Yes Waterford Park Weekly 52 1.3 0.4 Yes Wunghnu Weekly 52 0.4 0.2 Yes Yarroweyah Weekly 104 0.3 0.1 Yes Yea Weekly 52 0.4 0.2 Yes

Due to population sizes, Cobram, Kilmore , Kyabram, Mooroopna, and Seymour (Low Level) have an extra sample taken per month. Shepparton has three samples taken per week due to its population size.

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3.5.2 Actions in relation to non-compliance All drinking water sampling localities complied with the turbidity water quality standard.

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3.6 Fluoride

Fluoride occurs naturally in varying amounts in groundwater and some surface waters. Some drinking water supplies are deliberately fluoridated to adjust the natural fluoride content of drinking water to the optimum level to provide a dental health benefit. The code of practice for Fluoridation of drinking water supplies states that fluoride should not exceed 1.2 mg/L.

3.6.1 Results Table 3.6.1: Fluoride

Water Quality Parameter : Fluoride Regulatory Standard : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards. Fluoride Code of Practice: Upper action process limit 1.2mg/L. ADWG Health Guideline : Should not exceed 1.5 mg/L. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Not applicable.

Sampling Number of Operating Minimum Maximum Average Result Compliant with Meeting Water Sampling Locality Frequency Samples Target mg/L Result (mg/L) Result (mg/L) (mg/L) Regulations obligation

Fluoridated Drinking Water

Avenel Monthly 52 0.9 0.3 0.8 0.56 Yes No Kyabram Monthly 64 0.8 0.3 1.0 0.78 Yes Yes Merrigum Monthly 52 0.8 0.4 1.0 0.78 Yes Yes Mooroopna Monthly 64 0.8 0.1 1.0 0.84 Yes Yes Seymour High Level Monthly 52 0.9 0.3 0.8 0.57 Yes No Seymour Low Level Monthly 64 0.9 0.2 0.8 0.57 Yes No Shepparton Monthly 156 0.8 0.2 1.0 0.84 Yes Yes Tallygaroopna Monthly 52 0.8 0.4 1.0 0.83 Yes Yes Tallarook Monthly 52 0.9 0.3 0.8 0.55 Yes No Tongala Monthly 52 0.8 0.1 1.0 0.77 Yes Yes Toolamba Monthly 52 0.8 0.4 1.0 0.83 Yes Yes Trawool Monthly 52 0.9 0.2 0.8 0.50 Yes No Non-Fluoridated Drinking Water Alexandra Quarterly 4 N/A < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Yes N/A Barmah Quarterly 4 N/A < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Yes N/A Bonnie Doon Quarterly 4 N/A 0.1 0.1 0.10 Yes N/A Broadford Quarterly 4 N/A < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Yes N/A Buxton Quarterly 4 N/A < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Yes N/A Cobram Quarterly 4 N/A < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Yes N/A Colbinabbin Quarterly 4 N/A < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Yes N/A Dookie Quarterly 4 N/A < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Yes N/A Eildon Quarterly 4 N/A < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Yes N/A Euroa Quarterly 4 N/A 0.1 0.1 0.10 Yes N/A Girgarre Quarterly 4 N/A 0.1 0.2 0.12 Yes N/A Katamatite Quarterly 4 N/A 0.1 0.1 0.10 Yes N/A Katandra West Quarterly 4 N/A < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Yes N/A Katunga Quarterly 4 N/A 0.4 0.5 0.45 Yes N/A Kilmore Quarterly 4 N/A < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Yes N/A Longwood Quarterly 4 N/A < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Yes N/A Mansfield Quarterly 4 N/A < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Yes N/A Marysville Quarterly 4 N/A < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Yes N/A Murchison Quarterly 4 N/A < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Yes N/A Nagambie Quarterly 4 N/A < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Yes N/A Nathalia Quarterly 4 N/A 0.1 0.1 0.10 Yes N/A Numurkah Quarterly 4 N/A < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Yes N/A Picola Quarterly 4 N/A < 0.1 0.1 0.10 Yes N/A Pyalong Quarterly 4 N/A 0.2 0.5 0.38 Yes N/A Rushworth Quarterly 4 N/A < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Yes N/A Stanhope Quarterly 4 N/A < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Yes N/A Strathmerton Quarterly 4 N/A < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Yes N/A Tatura Quarterly 4 N/A < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Yes N/A Thornton Quarterly 4 N/A < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Yes N/A Upper Delatite Quarterly 8 N/A < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Yes N/A Violet Town Quarterly 4 N/A < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Yes N/A Wandong / Heathcote Junction Quarterly 4 N/A < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Yes N/A Waterford Park Quarterly 4 N/A < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Yes N/A Wunghnu Quarterly 4 N/A < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Yes N/A Yarroweyah Quarterly 8 N/A < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Yes N/A Yea Quarterly 4 N/A < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Yes N/A

Upper Delatite includes the townships of Sawmill Settlement and Merrijig and therefore has two samples taken per quarter. Yarroweyah includes the Bega Factory which is also sampled quarterly. Therefore Yarroweyah has two samples taken per quarter.

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3.6.2 Actions in relation to non-compliance All water sampling localities complied with the fluoride code of practice upper action process limit and the ADWG health-based guideline value for fluoride. The Avenel, Seymour High and Low level, Tallarook and Trawool localities did not meet the obligation of achieving an optimal level. The Seymour Water treatment plant which supplies these localities is experiencing plant faults caused by flows to analysers resulting in dosing pump faults. Work in being undertaken to resolve this issue. The Tongala Fluoride plant was switched off on 7/2/2013 due to ageing infrastructure and scheduling of a plant upgrade commencing 2013/2014.

During the 2012/13 reporting period as required by the Act, Tongala and Kyabram each recorded two exceptional situation notifications, Seymour recorded one.

Table 3.6.2: Summary of Fluoride notifications under the Act Date Locality Issue Notification* 9/07/2012 – 18/07/2012 Tongala Fluoride Exceptional situation 13/07/2012 – 18/07/2012 Kyabram Fluoride Exceptional situation 29/08/2012 – 4/9/2012 Kyabram Fluoride Exceptional situation 20/09/2012 - ongoing Seymour Fluoride Exceptional situation 7/02/2013 - ongoing Tongala Fluoride Exceptional situation ⁪ *Fluoride dosing is less than the lower action process limit (0.6mg/L) for a continuous period of >72 hours.

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3.7 Other algae, pathogens, chemical or substance that may pose a risk to human health.

Other health-related parameters include heavy metals, chlorite, chlorate, cyanide, nitrate, nitrite, pesticides, organic compounds, radioactive materials and algal toxins.

Heavy metals monitored by Goulburn Valley Water include antimony, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, nickel and selenium.

Chlorite and chlorate may be produced when chlorine dioxide in used in the disinfection process.

Cyanide may be present in natural source waters as a result of industrial waste discharge or through the natural decomposition of some plants.

Nitrate may be present in natural waters from fertilisers, industrial waste discharge, the degradation of organic wastes, and even lightning strikes through air. At relatively high concentrations, nitrate can be toxic to humans. Nitrite is relatively unstable and is rapidly oxidised to nitrate in well oxygenated or chlorinated supplies.

Pesticides are agricultural chemicals that include insecticides and herbicides. Contamination of raw water supplies by pesticides is generally negligible, but may occur as a result of accidental spills or misuse.

Organic compounds that may impact on the health of consumers are rarely present in drinking water supplies, but could potentially be present in raw water sources as a result of accidental spills or misuse.

Radioactive materials may occur in some environments, either naturally or from industrial sources. Goulburn Valley Water’s laboratory testing program includes routine screening for gross alpha and beta activity in all raw water supplies to our treatment plants.

Algal toxins are harmful compounds produced by certain species of blue-green algae (cyanobacteria). They can only be present if there is a bloom of a relevant species of blue-green algae. Regular screening for the presence of blue-green algae is conducted by Goulburn Valley Water’s field technicians. A contingency plan has been developed, including the implementation of laboratory testing for algae and toxins, if significant blooms do occur.

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Goulburn Valley Water Water Quality Annual Report 2012-2013

3.7.1 Results Table 3.7.1.1: Health related parameters – Antimony

Water Quality Parameter : Antimony, total Regulatory Requirement : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards. ADWG Health Guideline : Should not exceed 0.003 mg/L. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Not applicable.

Number of Non- Sampling Number of Maximum Compliant with Water Sampling Locality complying Frequency Samples Result (mg/L) Guidelines Samples Drinking Water Alexandra Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Avenel Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Barmah Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Bonnie Doon Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Broadford Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Buxton Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Cobram Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Colbinabbin Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Dookie Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Eildon Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Euroa Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Girgarre Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Katamatite Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Katandra West Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Katunga Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Kilmore Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Kyabram Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Longwood Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Mansfield Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Marysville Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Merrigum Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Mooroopna Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Murchison Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Nagambie Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Nathalia Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Numurkah Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Picola Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Pyalong Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Rushworth Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Seymour High Level Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Seymour Low Level Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Shepparton Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Stanhope Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Strathmerton Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Tallarook Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Tallygaroopna Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Tatura Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Thornton Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Tongala Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Toolamba Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Trawool Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Upper Delatite Quarterly 8 0 < 0.001 Yes Violet Town Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Wandong / Heathcote Junction Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Waterford Park Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Wunghnu Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Yarroweyah Quarterly 8 0 < 0.001 Yes Yea Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes

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Goulburn Valley Water Water Quality Annual Report 2012-2013

Table 3.7.1.2: Health related parameters – Arsenic

Water Quality Parameter : Arsenic, total Regulatory Standard : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards. ADWG Health Guideline : Should not exceed 0.01 mg/L. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Not applicalbe.

Number of Non- Sampling Number of Maximum Compliant with Water Sampling Locality complying Frequency Samples Result (mg/L) Guidelines Samples Drinking Water Alexandra Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Avenel Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Barmah Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Bonnie Doon Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Broadford Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Buxton Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Cobram Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Colbinabbin Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Dookie Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Eildon Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Euroa Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Girgarre Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Katamatite Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Katandra West Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Katunga Monthly 12 0 < 0.001 Yes Kilmore Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Kyabram Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Longwood Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Mansfield Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Marysville Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Merrigum Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Mooroopna Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Murchison Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Nagambie Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Nathalia Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Numurkah Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Picola Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Pyalong Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Rushworth Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Seymour High Level Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Seymour Low Level Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Shepparton Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Stanhope Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Strathmerton Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Tallarook Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Tallygaroopna Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Tatura Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Thornton Quarterly 3 0 < 0.001 Yes Tongala Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Toolamba Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Trawool Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Upper Delatite Quarterly 8 0 < 0.001 Yes Violet Town Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Wandong / Heathcote Junction Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Waterford Park Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Wunghnu Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Yarroweyah Quarterly 8 0 < 0.001 Yes Yea Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes

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Goulburn Valley Water Water Quality Annual Report 2012-2013

Table 3.7.1.3: Health related parameters – Barium

Water Quality Parameter : Barium, total Regulatory Requirement : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards. ADWG Health Guideline : Should not exceed 2 mg/L. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Not applicable.

Number of Non- Source Water Sampling Sampling Number of Maximum Compliant with complying Locality Frequency Samples Result (mg/L) Guidelines Samples Drinking Water Alexandra WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.027 Yes Barmah WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.043 Yes Bonnie Doon WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.043 Yes Broadford WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.018 Yes Cobram WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.019 Yes Colbinabbin WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.040 Yes Dookie WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.034 Yes Euroa WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.051 Yes Girgarre WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.050 Yes Katamatite WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.034 Yes Katandra West WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.025 Yes Katunga WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.024 Yes Kilmore WTP 1 Quarterly 8 0 0.040 Yes Kyabram WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.051 Yes Longwood WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.026 Yes Mansfield WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.026 Yes Marysville WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.020 Yes Murchison WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.046 Yes Nagambie WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.027 Yes Nathalia WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.063 Yes Numurkah WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.046 Yes Picola WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.078 Yes Pyalong WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.380 Yes Rushworth WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.028 Yes Seymour WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.034 Yes Shepparton WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.044 Yes Stanhope WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.052 Yes Tatura WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.032 Yes Tongala WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.051 Yes Upper Delatite WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.010 Yes Yea WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.054 Yes

1 Kilmore WTP has 8 samples taken due to that fact that it sources its raw water from both Sunday Creek Reservoir and Hollowback Reservoir.

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Goulburn Valley Water Water Quality Annual Report 2012-2013

Table 3.7.1.4: Health related parameters – Cadmium

Water Quality Parameter : Cadmium, total Regulatory Standard : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards. ADWG Health Guideline : Should not exceed 0.002 mg/L. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Not applicable.

Number of Non- Sampling Number of Maximum Compliant with Water Sampling Locality complying Frequency Samples Result (mg/L) Guidelines Samples Drinking Water Alexandra Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0001 Yes Avenel Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0001 Yes Barmah Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0001 Yes Bonnie Doon Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0001 Yes Broadford Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0001 Yes Buxton Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0001 Yes Cobram Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0001 Yes Colbinabbin Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0001 Yes Dookie Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0001 Yes Eildon Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0001 Yes Euroa Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0001 Yes Girgarre Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0001 Yes Katamatite Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0001 Yes Katandra West Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0001 Yes Katunga Monthly 12 0 < 0.0001 Yes Kilmore Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0001 Yes Kyabram Quarterly 4 0 0.0002 Yes Longwood Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0001 Yes Mansfield Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0001 Yes Marysville Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0001 Yes Merrigum Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0001 Yes Mooroopna Quarterly 4 0 0.0004 Yes Murchison Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0001 Yes Nagambie Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0001 Yes Nathalia Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0001 Yes Numurkah Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0001 Yes Picola Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0001 Yes Pyalong Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0001 Yes Rushworth Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0001 Yes Seymour High Level Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0001 Yes Seymour Low Level Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0001 Yes Shepparton Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0001 Yes Stanhope Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0001 Yes Strathmerton Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0001 Yes Tallarook Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0001 Yes Tallygaroopna Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0001 Yes Tatura Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0001 Yes Thornton Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0001 Yes Tongala Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0001 Yes Toolamba Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0001 Yes Trawool Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0001 Yes Upper Delatite Quarterly 8 0 < 0.0001 Yes Violet Town Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0001 Yes Wandong / Heathcote Junction Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0001 Yes Waterford Park Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0001 Yes Wunghnu Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0001 Yes Yarroweyah Quarterly 8 0 < 0.0001 Yes Yea Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0001 Yes

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Goulburn Valley Water Water Quality Annual Report 2012-2013

Table 3.7.1.5: Health related parameters – Chromium

Water Quality Parameter : Chromium, total Regulatory Standard : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards. ADWG Health Guideline : Should not exceed 0.05 mg/L. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Not applicable.

Number of Non- Sampling Number of Maximum Compliant with Water Sampling Locality complying Frequency Samples Result (mg/L) Guidelines Samples Drinking Water Alexandra Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Avenel Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Barmah Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Bonnie Doon Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Broadford Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Buxton Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Cobram Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Colbinabbin Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Dookie Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Eildon Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Euroa Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Girgarre Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Katamatite Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Katandra West Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Katunga Monthly 12 0 0.002 Yes Kilmore Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Kyabram Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Longwood Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Mansfield Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Marysville Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Merrigum Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Mooroopna Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Murchison Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Nagambie Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Nathalia Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Numurkah Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Picola Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Pyalong Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Rushworth Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Seymour High Level Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Seymour Low Level Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Shepparton Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Stanhope Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Strathmerton Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Tallarook Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Tallygaroopna Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Tatura Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Thornton Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Tongala Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Toolamba Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Trawool Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Upper Delatite Quarterly 8 0 < 0.001 Yes Violet Town Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Wandong / Heathcote Junction Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Waterford Park Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Wunghnu Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Yarroweyah Quarterly 8 0 < 0.001 Yes Yea Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes

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Goulburn Valley Water Water Quality Annual Report 2012-2013

Table 3.7.1.6: Health related parameters – Copper

Water Quality Parameter : Copper, total Regulatory Standard : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards. ADWG Health Guideline : Should not exceed 2 mg/L. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Should not exceed 1 mg/L.

Number of Non- Sampling Number of Maximum Compliant with Water Sampling Locality complying Frequency Samples Result (mg/L) Guidelines Samples Drinking Water Alexandra Quarterly 4 0 0.009 Yes Avenel Quarterly 4 0 0.007 Yes Barmah Quarterly 4 0 0.007 Yes Bonnie Doon Quarterly 4 0 0.010 Yes Broadford Quarterly 4 0 0.021 Yes Buxton Quarterly 4 0 0.016 Yes Cobram Quarterly 4 0 0.018 Yes Colbinabbin Quarterly 4 0 0.016 Yes Dookie Quarterly 4 0 0.010 Yes Eildon Quarterly 4 0 0.008 Yes Euroa Quarterly 4 0 0.040 Yes Girgarre Quarterly 4 0 0.016 Yes Katamatite Quarterly 4 0 0.010 Yes Katandra West Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Katunga Monthly 12 0 0.022 Yes Kilmore Quarterly 4 0 0.010 Yes Kyabram Quarterly 4 0 0.003 Yes Longwood Quarterly 4 0 0.012 Yes Mansfield Quarterly 4 0 0.025 Yes Marysville Quarterly 4 0 0.130 Yes Merrigum Quarterly 4 0 0.005 Yes Mooroopna Quarterly 4 0 0.009 Yes Murchison Quarterly 4 0 0.005 Yes Nagambie Quarterly 4 0 0.055 Yes Nathalia Quarterly 4 0 0.051 Yes Numurkah Quarterly 4 0 0.043 Yes Picola Quarterly 4 0 0.021 Yes Pyalong Quarterly 4 0 0.020 Yes Rushworth Quarterly 4 0 0.014 Yes Seymour High Level Quarterly 4 0 0.003 Yes Seymour Low Level Quarterly 4 0 0.007 Yes Shepparton Quarterly 4 0 0.060 Yes Stanhope Quarterly 4 0 0.013 Yes Strathmerton Quarterly 4 0 0.011 Yes Tallarook Quarterly 4 0 0.036 Yes Tallygaroopna Quarterly 4 0 0.008 Yes Tatura Quarterly 4 0 0.006 Yes Thornton Quarterly 4 0 0.009 Yes Tongala Quarterly 4 0 0.005 Yes Toolamba Quarterly 4 0 0.007 Yes Trawool Quarterly 4 0 0.012 Yes Upper Delatite Quarterly 8 0 0.007 Yes Violet Town Quarterly 4 0 0.025 Yes Wandong / Heathcote Junction Quarterly 4 0 0.020 Yes Waterford Park Quarterly 4 0 0.027 Yes Wunghnu Quarterly 4 0 0.030 Yes Yarroweyah Quarterly 8 0 0.005 Yes Yea Quarterly 4 0 0.007 Yes

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Goulburn Valley Water Water Quality Annual Report 2012-2013

Table 3.7.1.7: Health related parameters – Lead

Water Quality Parameter : Lead, total Regulatory Standard : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards. ADWG Health Guideline : Should not exceed 0.01 mg/L. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Not applicable.

Number of Non- Sampling Number of Maximum Compliant with Water Sampling Locality complying Frequency Samples Result (mg/L) Guidelines Samples Drinking Water Alexandra Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Avenel Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Barmah Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Bonnie Doon Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Broadford Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Buxton Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Cobram Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Colbinabbin Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Dookie Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Eildon Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Euroa Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Girgarre Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Katamatite Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Katandra West Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Katunga Monthly 12 0 < 0.001 Yes Kilmore Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Kyabram Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Longwood Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Mansfield Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Marysville Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Merrigum Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Mooroopna Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Murchison Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Nagambie Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Nathalia Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Numurkah Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Picola Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Pyalong Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Rushworth Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Seymour High Level Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Seymour Low Level Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Shepparton Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Stanhope Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Strathmerton Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Tallarook Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Tallygaroopna Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Tatura Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Thornton Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Tongala Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Toolamba Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Trawool Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Upper Delatite Quarterly 8 0 < 0.001 Yes Violet Town Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Wandong / Heathcote Junction Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Waterford Park Quarterly 4 0 0.002 Yes Wunghnu Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Yarroweyah Quarterly 8 0 < 0.001 Yes Yea Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes

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Goulburn Valley Water Water Quality Annual Report 2012-2013

Table 3.7.1.8: Health related parameters – Manganese

Water Quality Parameter : Manganese, total Regulatory Standard : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards. ADWG Health Guideline : Should not exceed 0.5 mg/L. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Should not exceed 0.1 mg/L.

Number of Non- Sampling Number of Maximum Compliant with Water Sampling Locality complying Frequency Samples Result (mg/L) Guidelines Samples Drinking Water Alexandra Quarterly 4 0 0.012 Yes Avenel Quarterly 4 0 0.004 Yes Barmah Quarterly 4 0 0.032 Yes Bonnie Doon Quarterly 4 0 0.004 Yes Broadford Quarterly 4 0 0.008 Yes Buxton Quarterly 4 0 0.002 Yes Cobram Quarterly 4 0 0.002 Yes Colbinabbin Quarterly 4 0 0.002 Yes Dookie Quarterly 4 0 0.003 Yes Eildon Quarterly 4 0 0.006 Yes Euroa Quarterly 4 0 0.003 Yes Girgarre Quarterly 4 0 0.002 Yes Katamatite Quarterly 4 0 0.027 Yes Katandra West Quarterly 4 0 0.004 Yes Katunga Monthly 12 0 < 0.001 Yes Kilmore Quarterly 4 0 0.022 Yes Kyabram Quarterly 4 0 0.003 Yes Longwood Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Mansfield Quarterly 4 0 0.007 Yes Marysville Quarterly 4 0 0.004 Yes Merrigum Quarterly 4 0 0.002 Yes Mooroopna Quarterly 4 0 0.004 Yes Murchison Quarterly 4 0 0.010 Yes Nagambie Quarterly 4 0 0.005 Yes Nathalia Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Numurkah Quarterly 4 0 0.005 Yes Picola Quarterly 4 0 0.028 Yes Pyalong Quarterly 4 0 0.009 Yes Rushworth Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Seymour High Level Quarterly 4 0 0.004 Yes Seymour Low Level Quarterly 4 0 0.003 Yes Shepparton Quarterly 4 0 0.005 Yes Stanhope Quarterly 4 0 0.004 Yes Strathmerton Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Tallarook Quarterly 4 0 0.007 Yes Tallygaroopna Quarterly 4 0 0.015 Yes Tatura Quarterly 4 0 0.002 Yes Thornton Quarterly 4 0 0.004 Yes Tongala Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Toolamba Quarterly 4 0 0.007 Yes Trawool Quarterly 4 0 0.008 Yes Upper Delatite Quarterly 8 0 0.002 Yes Violet Town Quarterly 4 0 0.008 Yes Wandong / Heathcote Junction Quarterly 4 0 0.005 Yes Waterford Park Quarterly 4 0 0.008 Yes Wunghnu Quarterly 4 0 0.009 Yes Yarroweyah Quarterly 8 0 < 0.001 Yes Yea Quarterly 4 0 0.020 Yes

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Goulburn Valley Water Water Quality Annual Report 2012-2013

Table 3.7.1.9: Health related parameters – Mercury

Water Quality Parameter : Mercury, total Regulatory Standard : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards. ADWG Health Guideline : Should not exceed 0.001 mg/L. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Not applicable.

Number of Non- Sampling Number of Maximum Compliant with Water Sampling Locality complying Frequency Samples Result (mg/L) Guidelines Samples Drinking Water Alexandra Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0005 Yes Avenel Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0005 Yes Barmah Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0005 Yes Bonnie Doon Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0005 Yes Broadford Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0001 Yes Buxton Quarterly 4 0 0.0001 Yes Cobram Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0001 Yes Colbinabbin Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0005 Yes Dookie Quarterly 4 0 0.0001 Yes Eildon Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0005 Yes Euroa Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0005 Yes Girgarre Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0005 Yes Katamatite Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0005 Yes Katandra West Quarterly 4 0 0.0003 Yes Katunga Monthly 12 0 < 0.0005 Yes Kilmore Quarterly 4 0 0.0001 Yes Kyabram Quarterly 4 0 0.0001 Yes Longwood Quarterly 4 0 0.0001 Yes Mansfield Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0005 Yes Marysville Quarterly 4 0 0.0001 Yes Merrigum Quarterly 4 0 0.0002 Yes Mooroopna Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0005 Yes Murchison Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0005 Yes Nagambie Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0001 Yes Nathalia Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0005 Yes Numurkah Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0005 Yes Picola Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0005 Yes Pyalong Quarterly 4 0 0.0001 Yes Rushworth Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0001 Yes Seymour High Level Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0005 Yes Seymour Low Level Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0005 Yes Shepparton Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0005 Yes Stanhope Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0001 Yes Strathmerton Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0001 Yes Tallarook Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0005 Yes Tallygaroopna Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0005 Yes Tatura Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0005 Yes Thornton Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0005 Yes Tongala Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0005 Yes Toolamba Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0005 Yes Trawool Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0005 Yes Upper Delatite Quarterly 8 0 0.0001 Yes Violet Town Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0005 Yes Wandong / Heathcote Junction Quarterly 4 0 0.0001 Yes Waterford Park Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0001 Yes Wunghnu Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0005 Yes Yarroweyah Quarterly 8 0 < 0.0001 Yes Yea Quarterly 4 0 < 0.0005 Yes

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Goulburn Valley Water Water Quality Annual Report 2012-2013

Table 3.7.1.10: Health related parameters – Molybdenum

Water Quality Parameter : Molybdenum, total Regulatory Requirement : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards. ADWG Health Guideline : Should not exceed 0.05 mg/L. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Not applicable.

Number of Non- Source Water Sampling Sampling Number of Maximum Compliant with complying Locality Frequency Samples Result (mg/L) Guidelines Samples Drinking Water Alexandra WTP Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Barmah WTP Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Bonnie Doon WTP Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Broadford WTP Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Cobram WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.002 Yes Colbinabbin WTP Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes DookieWTP Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Euroa WTP Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Girgarre WTP Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Katamatite WTP Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Katandra West WTP Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Katunga WTP Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Kilmore WTP 1 Quarterly 8 0 < 0.001 Yes Kyabram WTP Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Longwood WTP Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Mansfield WTP Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Marysville WTP Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Murchison WTP Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Nagambie WTP Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Nathalia WTP Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Numurkah WTP Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Picola WTP Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Pyalong WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.002 Yes Rushworth WTP Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Seymour WTP Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Shepparton WTP Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Stanhope WTP Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Tatura WTP Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Tongala WTP Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Upper Delatite WTP Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Yea WTP Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes

1 Kilmore WTP has 8 samples taken due to that fact that it sources its raw water from both Sunday Creek Reservoir and Hollowback Reservoir .

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Goulburn Valley Water Water Quality Annual Report 2012-2013

Table 3.7.1.11: Health related parameters – Nickel

Water Quality Parameter : Nickel, total Regulatory Requirement : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards. ADWG Health Guideline : Should not exceed 0.02 mg/L. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Not applicable.

Number of Non- Sampling Number of Maximum Compliant with Water Sampling Locality complying Frequency Samples Result (mg/L) Guidelines Samples Drinking Water Alexandra Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Avenel Quarterly 4 0 0.003 Yes Barmah Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Bonnie Doon Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Broadford Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Buxton Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Cobram Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Colbinabbin Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Dookie Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Eildon Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Euroa Quarterly 4 0 0.003 Yes Girgarre Quarterly 4 0 0.002 Yes Katamatite Quarterly 4 0 0.004 Yes Katandra West Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Katunga Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Kilmore Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Kyabram Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Longwood Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Mansfield Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Marysville Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Merrigum Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Mooroopna Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Murchison Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Nagambie Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Nathalia Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Numurkah Quarterly 4 0 0.003 Yes Picola Quarterly 4 0 0.002 Yes Pyalong Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Rushworth Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Seymour High Level Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Seymour Low Level Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Shepparton Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Stanhope Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Strathmerton Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Tallarook Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Tallygaroopna Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Tatura Quarterly 4 0 0.002 Yes Thornton Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Tongala Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Toolamba Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Trawool Quarterly 4 0 < 0.001 Yes Upper Delatite Quarterly 8 0 < 0.001 Yes Violet Town Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Wandong / Heathcote Junction Quarterly 4 0 0.007 Yes Waterford Park Quarterly 4 0 0.016 Yes Wunghnu Quarterly 4 0 0.002 Yes Yarroweyah Quarterly 8 0 < 0.001 Yes Yea Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes

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Goulburn Valley Water Water Quality Annual Report 2012-2013

Table 3.7.1.12: Health related parameters – Selenium

Water Quality Parameter : Selenium, total Regulatory Standard : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards. ADWG Health Guideline : Should not exceed 0.01 mg/L. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Not applicable.

Number of Non- Sampling Number of Maximum Compliant with Water Sampling Locality complying Frequency Samples Result (mg/L) Guidelines Samples Drinking Water Alexandra Quarterly 4 0 < 0.002 Yes Avenel Quarterly 4 0 < 0.002 Yes Barmah Quarterly 4 0 < 0.002 Yes Bonnie Doon Quarterly 4 0 < 0.002 Yes Broadford Quarterly 4 0 < 0.002 Yes Buxton Quarterly 4 0 < 0.002 Yes Cobram Quarterly 4 0 < 0.002 Yes Colbinabbin Quarterly 4 0 < 0.002 Yes Dookie Quarterly 4 0 < 0.002 Yes Eildon Quarterly 4 0 < 0.002 Yes Euroa Quarterly 4 0 < 0.002 Yes Girgarre Quarterly 4 0 < 0.002 Yes Katamatite Quarterly 4 0 < 0.002 Yes Katandra West Quarterly 4 0 < 0.002 Yes Katunga Monthly 12 0 0.004 Yes Kilmore Quarterly 4 0 < 0.002 Yes Kyabram Quarterly 4 0 < 0.002 Yes Longwood Quarterly 4 0 < 0.002 Yes Mansfield Quarterly 4 0 < 0.002 Yes Marysville Quarterly 4 0 < 0.002 Yes Merrigum Quarterly 4 0 < 0.002 Yes Mooroopna Quarterly 4 0 < 0.002 Yes Murchison Quarterly 4 0 < 0.002 Yes Nagambie Quarterly 4 0 < 0.002 Yes Nathalia Quarterly 4 0 < 0.002 Yes Numurkah Quarterly 4 0 < 0.002 Yes Picola Quarterly 4 0 < 0.002 Yes Pyalong Quarterly 4 0 < 0.002 Yes Rushworth Quarterly 4 0 < 0.002 Yes Seymour High Level Quarterly 4 0 < 0.002 Yes Seymour Low Level Quarterly 4 0 < 0.002 Yes Shepparton Quarterly 4 0 < 0.002 Yes Stanhope Quarterly 4 0 < 0.002 Yes Strathmerton Quarterly 4 0 < 0.002 Yes Tallarook Quarterly 4 0 < 0.002 Yes Tallygaroopna Quarterly 4 0 0.004 Yes Tatura Quarterly 4 0 < 0.002 Yes Thornton Quarterly 4 0 < 0.002 Yes Tongala Quarterly 4 0 < 0.002 Yes Toolamba Quarterly 4 0 0.004 Yes Trawool Quarterly 4 0 < 0.002 Yes Upper Delatite Quarterly 8 0 < 0.002 Yes Violet Town Quarterly 4 0 < 0.002 Yes Wandong / Heathcote Junction Quarterly 4 0 < 0.002 Yes Waterford Park Quarterly 4 0 < 0.002 Yes Wunghnu Quarterly 4 0 < 0.002 Yes Yarroweyah Quarterly 8 0 < 0.002 Yes Yea Quarterly 4 0 < 0.002 Yes

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Goulburn Valley Water Water Quality Annual Report 2012-2013

Table 3.7.2.1: Health related parameters – Chlorite

Water Quality Parameter : Chlorite Regulatory Standard : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards. ADWG Health Guideline : Should not exceed 0.8 mg/L. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Not applicable.

Number of Non- Sampling Number of Maximum Compliant with Water Sampling Locality complying Frequency Samples Result (mg/L) Guidelines Samples Drinking Water Buxton Monthly 12 0 0.4 Yes Marysville Monthly 12 0 0.8 Yes

Table 3.7.2.2: Health related parameters – Chlorate

Water Quality Parameter : Chlorate Regulatory Standard : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards. ADWG Health Guideline : There is no guideline value. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : There is no guideline value.

Sampling Number of Minimum Maximum Water Sampling Locality Frequency Samples Result (mg/L) Result (mg/L)

Drinking Water Buxton Monthly 12 0.3 1.0 Marysville Monthly 12 0.1 0.6

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Table 3.7.2.3: Health related parameters – Cyanide

Water Quality Parameter : Cyanide Regulatory Standard : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards. ADWG Health Guideline : Should not exceed 0.08 mg/L. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Not applicable.

Number of Non- Sampling Number of Maximum Compliant with Water Sampling Locality complying Frequency Samples Result (mg/L) Guidelines Samples Drinking Water Alexandra Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Avenel Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Barmah Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Bonnie Doon Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Broadford Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Buxton Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Cobram Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Colbinabbin Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Dookie Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Eildon Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Euroa Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Girgarre Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Katamatite Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Katandra West Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Katunga Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Kilmore Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Kyabram Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Longwood Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Mansfield Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Marysville Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Merrigum Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Mooroopna Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Murchison Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Nagambie Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Nathalia Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Numurkah Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Picola Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Pyalong Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Rushworth Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Seymour High Level Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Seymour Low Level Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Shepparton Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Stanhope Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Strathmerton Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Tallarook Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Tallygaroopna Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Tatura Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Thornton Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Tongala Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Toolamba Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Trawool Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Upper Delatite Quarterly 8 0 < 0.01 Yes Violet Town Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Wandong / Heathcote Junction Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Waterford Park Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Wunghnu Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Yarroweyah Quarterly 8 0 < 0.01 Yes Yea Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes

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Table 3.7.2.4: Health related parameters – Oxidised nitrogen (nitrate and nitrite)

Water Quality Parameter : Oxidised Nitrogen (Nitrate and Nitrite) Regulatory Standard : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards.

ADWG Health Guideline : Nitrate should not exceed 50 mg/L as NO3 (11 mg/L as NO3-N)

ADWG Health Guideline : Nitrite should not exceed 3 mg/L as NO2 (0.9 mg/L as NO2-N) ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Not applicable.

Maximum Maximum Number of Non- Sampling Number of Nitrate Nitrite Compliant with Water Sampling Locality complying Frequency Samples Result (mg/L Result (mg/L Guidelines Samples as NO 3 -N) as NO 2 -N) Drinking Water Alexandra Quarterly 4 0 0.23 < 0.005 Yes Avenel Quarterly 4 0 0.31 < 0.005 Yes Barmah Quarterly 4 0 0.01 0.030 Yes Bonnie Doon Quarterly 4 0 0.05 < 0.005 Yes Broadford Quarterly 4 0 0.21 < 0.005 Yes Buxton Quarterly 4 0 0.23 < 0.005 Yes Cobram Quarterly 4 0 0.05 < 0.005 Yes Colbinabbin Quarterly 4 0 0.05 < 0.005 Yes Dookie Quarterly 4 0 0.03 < 0.005 Yes Eildon Quarterly 4 0 0.22 < 0.005 Yes Euroa Quarterly 4 0 0.62 < 0.005 Yes Girgarre Quarterly 4 0 0.12 < 0.005 Yes Katamatite Quarterly 4 0 0.02 < 0.005 Yes Katandra West Quarterly 4 0 0.02 < 0.005 Yes Katunga Monthly 12 0 8.90 0.210 Yes Kilmore Quarterly 4 0 0.14 < 0.005 Yes Kyabram Quarterly 4 0 0.26 < 0.005 Yes Longwood Quarterly 4 0 0.20 < 0.005 Yes Mansfield Quarterly 4 0 0.70 < 0.005 Yes Marysville Quarterly 4 0 0.18 < 0.005 Yes Merrigum Quarterly 4 0 0.25 < 0.005 Yes Mooroopna Quarterly 4 0 0.17 < 0.005 Yes Murchison Quarterly 4 0 0.24 < 0.005 Yes Nagambie Quarterly 4 0 0.25 < 0.005 Yes Nathalia Quarterly 4 0 0.23 0.010 Yes Numurkah Quarterly 4 0 0.18 < 0.005 Yes Picola Quarterly 4 0 0.10 < 0.005 Yes Pyalong Quarterly 4 0 0.14 < 0.005 Yes Rushworth Quarterly 4 0 0.26 < 0.005 Yes Seymour High Level Quarterly 4 0 0.28 < 0.005 Yes Seymour Low Level Quarterly 4 0 0.31 < 0.005 Yes Shepparton Quarterly 4 0 0.22 < 0.005 Yes Stanhope Quarterly 4 0 0.12 < 0.005 Yes Strathmerton Quarterly 4 0 0.08 < 0.005 Yes Tallarook Quarterly 4 0 0.29 < 0.005 Yes Tallygaroopna Quarterly 4 0 0.22 < 0.005 Yes Tatura Quarterly 4 0 0.15 < 0.005 Yes Thornton Quarterly 4 0 0.22 < 0.005 Yes Tongala Quarterly 4 0 0.12 < 0.005 Yes Toolamba Quarterly 4 0 0.22 0.011 Yes Trawool Quarterly 4 0 0.26 < 0.005 Yes Upper Delatite Quarterly 8 0 0.15 < 0.005 Yes Violet Town Quarterly 4 0 0.60 < 0.005 Yes Wandong / Heathcote Junction Quarterly 4 0 0.15 < 0.005 Yes Waterford Park Quarterly 4 0 0.21 < 0.005 Yes Wunghnu Quarterly 4 0 0.31 < 0.005 Yes Yarroweyah Quarterly 8 0 0.07 < 0.005 Yes Yea Quarterly 4 0 0.60 < 0.005 Yes

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Table 3.7.3.1: Health related parameters – Organic compounds in source water

Water Quality Parameter : Health-related organic compounds Regulatory Standard : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards ADWG Health Guidelines : For those compounds tested (listed below), the relevant health-based limits are shown.

Acenaphthene n/a 1,1-dichloroethene 30 μg/L PCB Congener C180 n/a Acenapthylene n/a 1,2-dichloroethane 60 μg/L PCB Congener C28 n/a Anthracene n/a 2,4-dichlorophenol 200 μg/L PCB Congener C52 n/a Benzene 1 μg/L Ethyl Benzene 300 μg/L Phenanthrene n/a Benzo-(a)-pyrene 0.01 μg/L Fluoranthene n/a Pyrene n/a Benzo-[a]-anthracene n/a Fluorene n/a Tetrachloroethene 50 μg/L Benzo-[b,k]-fluoranthene n/a Indeno-[1,2,3-cd]-pyrene n/a Toluene 800 μg/L Benzo-[g,h,i]-perylene n/a 1-methylnapthalene n/a Tribromomethane (Bromoform) 250 μg/L Bromodichloromethane 250 μg/L 2-methylnapthalene n/a Trichloromethane (Chloroform) 250 μg/L Carbon tetrachloride 3 μg/L Napthalene n/a 2,4,6-trichlorophenol 20 μg/L 2-chlorophenol 300 μg/L PCB Congener C101 n/a Xylene, meta & para 600 μg/L Chrysene n/a PCB Congener C118 n/a Xylene, ortho 600 μg/L Dibenzo-[a,h]-anthracene n/a PCB Congener C138 n/a Dibromochloromethane 250 μg/L PCB Congener C153 n/a

Number of Non- Source Water Sampling Sampling Number of Compliant with complying Locality Frequency Samples Guidelines Samples Drinking Water Alexandra WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Barmah WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Bonnie Doon WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Broadford WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Cobram WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Colbinabbin WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes DookieWTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Euroa WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Girgarre WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Katamatite WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Katandra West WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Katunga WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Kilmore WTP 1 Quarterly 8 0 Yes Kyabram WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Longwood WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Mansfield WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Marysville WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Murchison WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Nagambie WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Nathalia WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Numurkah WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Picola WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Pyalong WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Rushworth WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Seymour WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Shepparton WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Stanhope WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Tatura WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Tongala WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Upper Delatite WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Yea WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes

1 Kilmore WTP has 8 samples taken due to that fact that it sources its raw water from both Sunday Creek Reservoir and Hollowback Reservoir .

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Table 3.7.3.2: Health related parameters – Organic compounds in reticulation

Water Quality Parameter : Health-related organic compounds (Reticulation) Regulatory Standard : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards ADWG Health Guidelines : For those compounds tested (listed below), the relevant health-based limits are shown.

Benzene 1 μg/L Tetrachloroethene 50 μg/L Carbon tetrachloride 3 μg/L Toluene 800 μg/L 1,1-dichloroethene 30 μg/L 2,4,6-trichlorophenol 20 μg/L 1,2-dichloroethane 60 μg/L Xylene, meta & para 600 μg/L Ethyl Benzene 300 μg/L Xylene, ortho 600 μg/L

Number of Non- Compliant with Water Sampling Locality Sampling Frequency Number of Samples complying Guidelines Samples Drinking Water Alexandra Monthly 12 0 Yes Avenel Monthly 12 0 Yes Barmah Monthly 12 0 Yes Bonnie Doon Monthly 12 0 Yes Broadford Monthly 12 0 Yes Buxton Monthly 12 0 Yes Cobram Monthly 12 0 Yes Colbinabbin Monthly 12 0 Yes Dookie Monthly 12 0 Yes Eildon Monthly 12 0 Yes Euroa Monthly 12 0 Yes Girgarre Monthly 12 0 Yes Katamatite Monthly 12 0 Yes Katandra West Monthly 12 0 Yes Katunga Monthly 12 0 Yes Kilmore Monthly 12 0 Yes Kyabram Monthly 12 0 Yes Longwood Monthly 12 0 Yes Mansfield Monthly 12 0 Yes Marysville Monthly 12 0 Yes Merrigum Monthly 12 0 Yes Mooroopna Monthly 12 0 Yes Murchison Monthly 12 0 Yes Nagambie Monthly 12 0 Yes Nathalia Monthly 12 0 Yes Numurkah Monthly 12 0 Yes Picola Monthly 12 0 Yes Pyalong Monthly 12 0 Yes Rushworth Monthly 12 0 Yes Seymour High Level Monthly 12 0 Yes Seymour Low Level Monthly 12 0 Yes Shepparton Monthly 12 0 Yes Stanhope Monthly 12 0 Yes Strathmerton Monthly 12 0 Yes Tallarook Monthly 12 0 Yes Tallygaroopna Monthly 12 0 Yes Tatura Monthly 12 0 Yes Thornton Monthly 12 0 Yes Tongala Monthly 12 0 Yes Toolamba Monthly 12 0 Yes Trawool Monthly 12 0 Yes Upper Delatite Monthly 24 0 Yes Violet Town Monthly 12 0 Yes Wandong / Heathcote Junction Monthly 12 0 Yes Waterford Park Monthly 12 0 Yes Wunghnu Monthly 12 0 Yes Yarroweyah Monthly 24 0 Yes Yea Monthly 12 0 Yes

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Table 3.7.3.3: Health related parameters – Chloral hydrate in reticulation

Water Quality Parameter : Trichloroacetaldehyde (Chloral Hydrate) Regulatory Standard : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards. ADWG Health Guideline : Should not exceed 0.02 mg/L in four consecutive months or four times in a 12 month period. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Not applicable.

Number of Non- Sampling Number of Maximum Result Compliant with Water Sampling Locality complying Frequency Samples (mg/L) Guidelines Samples Drinking Water

Alexandra Monthly 12 0 < 0.020 Yes Avenel Monthly 12 0 < 0.020 Yes Barmah Monthly 12 0 < 0.020 Yes Bonnie Doon Monthly 12 0 < 0.020 Yes Broadford Monthly 12 0 < 0.020 Yes Buxton Monthly 12 0 < 0.020 Yes Cobram Monthly 12 0 < 0.020 Yes Colbinabbin Monthly 12 0 < 0.020 Yes Dookie Monthly 12 1 0.029 Yes Eildon Monthly 12 0 < 0.020 Yes Euroa Monthly 12 0 < 0.020 Yes Girgarre Monthly 12 1 0.032 Yes Katamatite Monthly 12 0 < 0.020 Yes Katandra West Monthly 12 0 < 0.020 Yes Katunga Monthly 12 0 < 0.020 Yes Kilmore Monthly 12 0 < 0.020 Yes Kyabram Monthly 12 0 < 0.020 Yes Longwood Monthly 12 0 < 0.020 Yes Mansfield Monthly 12 0 < 0.020 Yes Marysville Monthly 12 0 < 0.020 Yes Merrigum Monthly 12 0 < 0.020 Yes Mooroopna Monthly 12 0 < 0.020 Yes Murchison Monthly 12 0 < 0.020 Yes Nagambie Monthly 12 0 < 0.020 Yes Nathalia Monthly 12 0 < 0.020 Yes Numurkah Monthly 12 0 < 0.020 Yes Picola Monthly 12 0 < 0.020 Yes Pyalong Monthly 12 0 0.023 Yes Rushworth Monthly 12 0 < 0.020 Yes Seymour High Level Monthly 12 0 < 0.020 Yes Seymour Low Level Monthly 12 0 < 0.020 Yes Shepparton Monthly 12 0 < 0.020 Yes Stanhope Monthly 12 0 < 0.020 Yes Strathmerton Monthly 12 0 < 0.020 Yes Tallarook Monthly 12 0 < 0.020 Yes Tallygaroopna Monthly 12 0 < 0.020 Yes Tatura Monthly 12 0 < 0.020 Yes Thornton Monthly 12 0 < 0.020 Yes Tongala Monthly 12 0 < 0.020 Yes Toolamba Monthly 12 0 < 0.020 Yes Trawool Monthly 12 0 < 0.020 Yes Upper Delatite Monthly 24 0 < 0.020 Yes Violet Town Monthly 12 0 < 0.020 Yes Wandong / Heathcote Junction Monthly 12 0 < 0.020 Yes Waterford Park Monthly 12 0 < 0.020 Yes Wunghnu Monthly 12 0 < 0.020 Yes Yarroweyah Monthly 24 0 < 0.020 Yes Yea Monthly 12 0 < 0.020 Yes

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Table 3.7.3.4: Health related parameters – Pesticides in source water

Water Quality Parameter : Pesticides Regulatory Standard : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards. ADWG Health Guidelines : For those pesticides tested (listed below), the relevant health-based limits are shown.

Acrolein n/a Endosulfan 30 μg/L Parathion 10 μg/L Aldrin 0.3 μg/L Endosulfan II n/a Pentachlorophenol 10 μg/L alpha - BHC n/a Endosulfan Sulphate n/a Phorate n/a Atrazine 40 μg/L Endrin n/a Picloram 300 μg/L Azinphos-methyl 3 μg/L Endrin Aldehyde n/a Propiconazole 100 μg/L beta - BHC n/a Endrin Ketone n/a Prothiophos n/a Bromoxynil 30 μg/L EPN n/a Simazine 20 μg/L Chlordane (cis) 1 μg/L Ethoprophos (Prophos) 1 μg/L 2,4,5-T 100 μg/L Chlordane (trans) 1 μg/L Fenchlorphos (Ronnel) 30 μg/L Tetrachlorvinphos 100 μg/L Chlorpyrifos 10 μg/L Fenitrothion 10 μg/L Triclopyr 10 μg/L Clopyralid 1000 μg/L Fenoprop (Silvex / 2,4,5-TP) 10 μg/L Trifluralin 50 μg/L Coumaphos n/a Fenthion n/a Amitrole* 10 μg/L 2,4-D 30 μg/L Heptachlor 0.3 μg/L Chlorothalonil* 30 μg/L DDD n/a Heptachlor epoxide 0.3 μg/L Chlorsulfuron* 100 μg/L DDE n/a Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) n/a Fipronil* n/a DDT 20 μg/L Hexazinone 300 μg/L Methomyl* 30 μg/L delta-BHC n/a Lindane (gamma-BHC) 20 μg/L Omethoate* n/a Demeton-S Methyl n/a Maldison (Malathion) 50 μg/L Oxyfluorfen* n/a Diazinon 3 μg/L MCPA n/a Parathion methyl* 100 μg/L Dicamba 100 μg/L Metribuzin 50 μg/L Pendimethalin* 300 μg/L Dichlorvos (DDVP) 1 μg/L Metsulfuron-methyl 30 μg/L Sulfometuron Methyl* n/a Dieldrin 0.3 μg/L Molinate 5 μg/L Temephos* 300 μg/L Dimethoate 50 μg/L Monocrotophos 1 μg/L Thiobencarb* 30 μg/L

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Table 3.7.3.4: Health related parameters – Pesticides in source water (cont.)

All parameters listed above were tested quarterly at all drinking water offtakes, except for pesticides maked with "*", which are tested annually. 1 Kilmore WTP has 8 samples taken due to that fact that it sources its raw water from both Sunday Creek Reservoir and Hollowback Reservoir .

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Table 3.7.3.5: Health related parameters – Pesticides in reticulation

Water Quality Parameter : Pesticides (Reticulation) Regulatory Standard : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards. ADWG Health Guidelines : For those pesticides tested (listed below), the relevant health-based limits are shown.

Acrolein n/a 2,4-D 30 μg/L Pentachlorophenol 10 μg/L

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Table 3.7.4.1: Health related parameters – Radiological

Water Quality Parameter : Radiological parameters Regulatory Standard : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards. ADWG Health Guidelines : For those parameters tested (listed below), the relevant screening levels are shown. Gross Alpha activity Screening level of 0.5 Bq/L Gross Beta activity Screening level of 0.5 Bq/L (corrected for Potassium-40)

Number of Gross Alpha Gross Beta Source Water Sampling Sampling Number of Non-complying Compliant with Compliant with Locality Frequency Samples Samples Guidelines Guidelines

Drinking Water Alexandra WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Barmah WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Bonnie Doon WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Broadford WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Cobram WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Colbinabbin WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Dookie WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Euroa WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Girgarre WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Katamatite WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Katandra West WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Katunga WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Kilmore WTP 1 Yearly 2 0 Yes Yes Kyabram WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Longwood WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Mansfield WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Marysville WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Murchison WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Nagambie WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Nathalia WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Numurkah WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Picola WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Pyalong WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Rushworth WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Seymour WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Shepparton WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Stanhope WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Tatura WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Tongala WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Upper Delatite WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Yea WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes

1 Kilmore WTP has 2 samples taken due to that fact that it sources its raw water from both Sunday Creek Reservoir and Hollowback Reservoir.

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3.7.2 Actions in relation to non-compliance Chloral hydrate is a disinfection by-product, arising from chlorination of water containing naturally occurring organic material (NOM). Chloral hydrate has only been detected by Goulburn Valley Water since changing to a new contract testing laboratory in November 2007. The Department of Health has recently completed a study into the detection of chloral hydrate across Victoria. The results are summarised in the Department of Health’s annual report 2009/10. Chloral Hydrate exceedances have been generally sporadic and usually only a one off across the water sampling localities and is not deemed to be an acute health risk. Dookie and Girgarre each recorded one sample which exceeded the health related guideline value however remained compliant under the act.

Table 3.7.5: Summary of health related parameter notifications under the Act Date Locality Issue Notification*

10/10/2012 Dookie Chloral Hydrate Unregulated Disinfection Byproduct - Notification

6/6/2013 Girgarre Chloral Hydrate Unregulated Disinfection Byproduct - Notification

⁪

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3.8 Aesthetics

Physical parameters help to describe the appearance, taste and odour of drinking water. Goulburn Valley Water regularly tests each drinking water supply for pH, colour, conductivity, hardness, alkalinity and iron.

pH is a measure of the water’s acidity or alkalinity. It is an important operational parameter, and has a significant effect on the efficiency of disinfection. To minimise the potential for corrosion of pipes or mineral scale formation, the guideline limits for pH are 6.5 to 8.5.

True colour is a measure of the intensity of the yellow hue that is naturally imparted into some surface waters. Dissolved organic matter, especially humic and fulvic acids, and dissolved inorganic matter, especially iron and manganese impart colour into water.

Electrical conductivity is proportional to the concentration of dissolved salts in the water. It is commonly used as a surrogate measure for total dissolved solids. The palatability of drinking water diminishes with increasing levels of dissolved salts.

Hardness generally indicates the level of dissolved calcium and magnesium salts in the water. It makes soap difficult to lather and can result in scaling (encrustation) in hot water services and plumbing. Modern dishwashers and other appliances often require settings based upon the hardness of the water.

Alkalinity is a measure of the buffering capacity of water with respect to pH change. Although there are no drinking water guidelines for alkalinity, it can be important for chemical treatment and industrial processes.

Iron occurs in natural waters from contact with soils and rock. Iron may also be present in drinking water supplies through contact with iron and steel pipes and fittings. Excessive iron in water may result in discolouration, an objectionable taste, the staining of laundry, and the staining of plumbing fixtures.

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3.8.1 Results Table 3.8.1: Aesthetic related parameters – pH

Water Quality Parameter : pH Regulatory Standard : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards. ADWG Health Guideline : There are no health-based limits. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Should be between 6.5 and 8.5 pH Units

Number of Non- Minimum Maximum Compliant with Sampling Number of Water Sampling Locality complying Result (pH Result (pH Aesthetic Frequency Samples Samples Units) Units) Guideline Drinking Water Alexandra Monthly 12 0 7.1 7.4 Yes Avenel Monthly 12 0 7.2 7.6 Yes Barmah Monthly 12 0 7.0 7.4 Yes Bonnie Doon Monthly 12 1 7.1 8.8 No Broadford Monthly 12 4 6.9 8.7 No Buxton Monthly 12 0 7.0 7.4 Yes Cobram Monthly 12 0 7.0 7.4 Yes Colbinabbin Monthly 12 0 7.2 8.3 Yes Dookie Monthly 12 0 7.4 8.1 Yes Eildon Monthly 12 5 7.3 9.2 No Euroa Monthly 12 0 6.9 7.6 Yes Girgarre Monthly 12 0 7.0 7.5 Yes Katamatite Monthly 12 1 7.3 8.6 No Katandra West Monthly 12 1 7.7 8.6 No Katunga Monthly 12 0 7.0 7.3 Yes Kilmore Monthly 12 0 6.9 7.8 Yes Kyabram Monthly 12 0 7.1 7.4 Yes Longwood Monthly 12 0 7.2 7.7 Yes Mansfield Monthly 12 0 7.1 7.7 Yes Marysville Monthly 12 0 6.8 7.6 Yes Merrigum Monthly 12 3 7.3 9.1 No Mooroopna Monthly 12 1 6.0 8.0 No Murchison Monthly 12 0 7.1 8.1 Yes Nagambie Monthly 12 1 7.0 8.9 No Nathalia Monthly 12 0 6.9 7.3 Yes Numurkah Monthly 12 0 6.7 7.2 Yes Picola Monthly 12 0 6.5 7.5 Yes Pyalong Monthly 12 1 7.8 8.7 No Rushworth Monthly 12 2 7.1 9.4 No Seymour High Level Monthly 12 0 7.1 7.8 Yes Seymour Low Level Monthly 12 0 7.1 8.2 Yes Shepparton Monthly 12 0 6.6 7.5 Yes Stanhope Monthly 12 0 6.9 7.4 Yes Strathmerton Monthly 12 0 7.2 8.3 Yes Tallarook Monthly 12 3 7.4 9.3 No Tallygaroopna Monthly 12 0 7.1 7.4 Yes Tatura Monthly 12 1 7.1 8.8 No Thornton Monthly 12 0 7.3 8.2 Yes Tongala Monthly 12 0 7.2 7.8 Yes Toolamba Monthly 12 0 7.1 7.5 Yes Trawool Monthly 12 4 7.0 9.7 No Upper Delatite Monthly 24 0 7.3 8.0 Yes Violet Town Monthly 12 0 6.9 7.4 Yes Wandong / Heathcote Junction Monthly 12 0 6.9 8.5 Yes Waterford Park Monthly 12 0 6.8 7.6 Yes Wunghnu Monthly 12 0 7.3 7.9 Yes Yarroweyah Monthly 24 0 7.0 7.3 Yes Yea Monthly 12 0 7.0 7.7 Yes

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Table 3.8.2: Aesthetic related parameters – True colour

Water Quality Parameter : True Colour Regulatory Standard : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards. ADWG Health Guideline : There is no health-based limit. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Should not exceed 15 Hazen Units (HU).

Number of Non- Compliant with Sampling Number of Maximum Water Sampling Locality complying Aesthetic Frequency Samples Result (HU) Samples Guideline Drinking Water Alexandra Weekly 52 0 < 5 Yes Avenel Weekly 52 0 < 5 Yes Barmah Weekly 52 0 < 5 Yes Bonnie Doon Weekly 52 0 < 5 Yes Broadford Weekly 52 0 < 5 Yes Buxton Weekly 52 0 < 5 Yes Cobram Weekly 64 0 < 5 Yes Colbinabbin Weekly 52 0 < 5 Yes Dookie Weekly 52 0 < 5 Yes Eildon Weekly 52 0 < 5 Yes Euroa Weekly 52 0 < 5 Yes Girgarre Weekly 52 0 < 5 Yes Katamatite Weekly 52 0 < 5 Yes Katandra West Weekly 52 0 < 5 Yes Katunga Weekly 52 0 < 5 Yes Kilmore Weekly 64 0 < 5 Yes Kyabram Weekly 64 0 < 5 Yes Longwood Weekly 52 0 < 5 Yes Mansfield Weekly 52 0 < 5 Yes Marysville Weekly 52 0 < 5 Yes Merrigum Weekly 52 0 < 5 Yes Mooroopna Weekly 64 0 < 5 Yes Murchison Weekly 52 0 < 5 Yes Nagambie Weekly 52 0 < 5 Yes Nathalia Weekly 52 0 < 5 Yes Numurkah Weekly 52 0 < 5 Yes Picola Weekly 52 0 < 5 Yes Pyalong Weekly 52 0 < 5 Yes Rushworth Weekly 52 0 < 5 Yes Seymour High Level Weekly 52 0 < 5 Yes Seymour Low Level Weekly 64 0 10 Yes Shepparton Weekly 156 0 < 5 Yes Stanhope Weekly 52 0 < 5 Yes Strathmerton Weekly 52 0 < 5 Yes Tallarook Weekly 52 0 < 5 Yes Tallygaroopna Weekly 52 0 < 5 Yes Tatura Weekly 52 0 < 5 Yes Thornton Weekly 52 0 < 5 Yes Tongala Weekly 52 0 < 5 Yes Toolamba Weekly 52 0 < 5 Yes Trawool Weekly 52 0 10 Yes Upper Delatite Weekly 104 0 < 5 Yes Violet Town Weekly 52 0 < 5 Yes Wandong / Heathcote Junction Weekly 52 0 < 5 Yes Waterford Park Weekly 52 0 < 5 Yes Wunghnu Weekly 52 0 < 5 Yes Yarroweyah Weekly 104 0 < 5 Yes Yea Weekly 52 0 < 5 Yes

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Table 3.8.3: Aesthetic related parameters – Electrical conductivity

Water Quality Parameter : Electrical Conductivity (EC) Regulatory Standard : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards. ADWG Health Guideline : There is no health-based limit. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : No specific limit for EC. Based on taste, total dissolved solids (TDS) in drinking water should not exceed 500 mg/L. The equivalent EC figure in μS/cm can be roughly determined by doubling the TDS limit.

Maximum Result Water Sampling Locality Sampling Frequency Number of Samples (µS/cm) Drinking Water Alexandra Quarterly 4 150 Avenel Quarterly 4 140 Barmah Quarterly 4 98 Bonnie Doon Quarterly 4 140 Broadford Quarterly 4 120 Buxton Quarterly 4 60 Cobram Quarterly 4 83 Colbinabbin Quarterly 4 190 Dookie Quarterly 4 120 Eildon Quarterly 4 120 Euroa Quarterly 4 220 Girgarre Quarterly 4 170 Katamatite Quarterly 4 120 Katandra West Quarterly 4 140 Katunga Monthly 12 530 Kilmore Quarterly 4 140 Kyabram Quarterly 4 160 Longwood Quarterly 4 360 Mansfield Quarterly 4 140 Marysville Quarterly 4 50 Merrigum Quarterly 4 170 Mooroopna Quarterly 4 150 Murchison Quarterly 4 170 Nagambie Quarterly 4 92 Nathalia Quarterly 4 130 Numurkah Quarterly 4 160 Picola Quarterly 4 210 Pyalong Monthly 12 930 Rushworth Quarterly 4 130 Seymour High Level Quarterly 4 110 Seymour Low Level Quarterly 4 120 Shepparton Quarterly 4 150 Stanhope Quarterly 4 140 Strathmerton Quarterly 4 87 Tallarook Quarterly 4 130 Tallygaroopna Quarterly 4 150 Tatura Quarterly 4 110 Thornton Quarterly 4 110 Tongala Quarterly 4 130 Toolamba Quarterly 4 150 Trawool Quarterly 4 120 Upper Delatite Quarterly 8 60 Violet Town Quarterly 4 240 Wandong / Heathcote Junction Quarterly 4 140 Waterford Park Quarterly 4 140 Wunghnu Quarterly 4 280 Yarroweyah Quarterly 8 82 Yea Quarterly 4 190

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Table 3.8.4: Aesthetic related parameters – Hardness

Water Quality Parameter : Hardness, total Regulatory Requirement : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards. ADWG Health Guideline : There is no health-based limit.

ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Should not exceed 200 mg/L as CaCO3.

Number of Non- Compliant with Sampling Number of Maximum Water Sampling Locality complying Aesthetic Frequency Samples Result (mg/L) Samples Guideline Drinking Water Alexandra Quarterly 4 0 17 Yes Avenel Quarterly 4 0 180 Yes Barmah Quarterly 4 0 21 Yes Bonnie Doon Quarterly 4 0 38 Yes Broadford Quarterly 4 0 21 Yes Buxton Quarterly 4 0 9 Yes Cobram Quarterly 4 0 27 Yes Colbinabbin Quarterly 4 0 36 Yes Dookie Quarterly 4 0 24 Yes Eildon Quarterly 4 0 21 Yes Euroa Quarterly 4 0 24 Yes Girgarre Quarterly 4 0 31 Yes Katamatite Quarterly 4 0 28 Yes Katandra West Quarterly 4 0 26 Yes Katunga Quarterly 4 0 29 Yes Kilmore Quarterly 4 0 17 Yes Kyabram Quarterly 4 0 41 Yes Longwood Quarterly 4 0 21 Yes Mansfield Quarterly 4 0 31 Yes Marysville Quarterly 4 0 10 Yes Merrigum Quarterly 4 0 43 Yes Mooroopna Quarterly 4 0 49 Yes Murchison Quarterly 4 0 23 Yes Nagambie Quarterly 4 0 25 Yes Nathalia Quarterly 4 0 22 Yes Numurkah Quarterly 4 0 130 Yes Picola Quarterly 4 0 49 Yes Pyalong Quarterly 4 0 180 Yes Rushworth Quarterly 4 0 29 Yes Seymour High Level Quarterly 4 0 27 Yes Seymour Low Level Quarterly 4 0 26 Yes Shepparton Quarterly 4 0 49 Yes Stanhope Quarterly 4 0 26 Yes Strathmerton Quarterly 4 0 27 Yes Tallarook Quarterly 4 0 31 Yes Tallygaroopna Quarterly 4 0 51 Yes Tatura Quarterly 4 0 27 Yes Thornton Quarterly 4 0 24 Yes Tongala Quarterly 4 0 33 Yes Toolamba Quarterly 4 0 46 Yes Trawool Quarterly 4 0 26 Yes Upper Delatite Quarterly 8 0 14 Yes Violet Town Quarterly 4 0 27 Yes Wandong / Heathcote Junction Quarterly 4 0 16 Yes Waterford Park Quarterly 4 0 31 Yes Wunghnu Quarterly 4 0 70 Yes Yarroweyah Quarterly 8 0 26 Yes Yea Quarterly 4 0 20 Yes

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Table 3.8.5: Aesthetic related parameters – Alkalinity

Water Quality Parameter : Alkalinity, total Regulatory Standard : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards. ADWG Health Guideline : There is no guideline value. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : There is no guideline value. Units expressed in mg/L as CaCO3

Minimum Result Maximum Result Water Sampling Locality Sampling Frequency Number of Samples (mg/L) (mg/L)

Drinking Water Alexandra Quarterly 4 21 27 Avenel Quarterly 4 13 16 Barmah Quarterly 4 18 19 Bonnie Doon Quarterly 4 22 36 Broadford Quarterly 4 12 15 Buxton Quarterly 4 11 13 Cobram Quarterly 4 18 35 Colbinabbin Quarterly 4 20 27 Dookie Quarterly 4 26 29 Eildon Quarterly 4 24 28 Euroa Quarterly 4 13 18 Girgarre Quarterly 4 28 29 Katamatite Quarterly 4 14 26 Katandra West Quarterly 4 25 40 Katunga Quarterly 4 85 89 Kilmore Quarterly 4 11 19 Kyabram Quarterly 4 19 22 Longwood Quarterly 4 44 52 Mansfield Quarterly 4 25 34 Marysville Quarterly 4 11 13 Merrigum Quarterly 4 20 24 Mooroopna Quarterly 4 15 22 Murchison Quarterly 4 20 27 Nagambie Quarterly 4 19 22 Nathalia Quarterly 4 27 33 Numurkah Quarterly 4 19 24 Picola Quarterly 4 40 46 Pyalong Quarterly 4 9 120 Rushworth Quarterly 4 18 22 Seymour High Level Quarterly 4 12 18 Seymour Low Level Quarterly 4 13 16 Shepparton Quarterly 4 16 22 Stanhope Quarterly 4 21 23 Strathmerton Quarterly 4 19 37 Tallarook Quarterly 4 16 22 Tallygaroopna Quarterly 4 16 21 Tatura Quarterly 4 16 20 Thornton Quarterly 4 25 27 Tongala Quarterly 4 24 29 Toolamba Quarterly 4 14 21 Trawool Quarterly 4 15 50 Upper Delatite Quarterly 8 14 22 Violet Town Quarterly 4 12 20 Wandong / Heathcote Junction Quarterly 4 10 11 Waterford Park Quarterly 4 10 14 Wunghnu Quarterly 4 21 32 Yarroweyah Quarterly 8 18 37 Yea Quarterly 4 22 33

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Table 3.8.6: Aesthetic related parameters – Iron

Water Quality Parameter : Iron, total Regulatory Requirement : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards. ADWG Health Guideline : There is no health-based limit. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Should not exceed 0.3 mg/L.

Number of Non- Compliant with Sampling Number of Maximum Water Sampling Locality complying Aesthetic Frequency Samples Result (mg/L) Samples Guideline Drinking Water Alexandra Quarterly 4 0 0.02 Yes Avenel Quarterly 4 0 0.02 Yes Barmah Quarterly 4 0 0.03 Yes Bonnie Doon Quarterly 4 0 0.02 Yes Broadford Quarterly 4 0 0.05 Yes Buxton Quarterly 4 0 0.05 Yes Cobram Quarterly 4 0 0.03 Yes Colbinabbin Quarterly 4 0 0.10 Yes Dookie Quarterly 4 0 0.07 Yes Eildon Quarterly 4 0 0.09 Yes Euroa Quarterly 4 0 0.04 Yes Girgarre Quarterly 4 0 0.07 Yes Katamatite Quarterly 4 0 0.06 Yes Katandra West Quarterly 4 0 0.02 Yes Katunga Monthly 12 0 0.01 Yes Kilmore Quarterly 4 0 0.04 Yes Kyabram Quarterly 4 0 0.01 Yes Longwood Quarterly 4 0 0.02 Yes Mansfield Quarterly 4 0 0.03 Yes Marysville Quarterly 4 0 0.08 Yes Merrigum Quarterly 4 0 0.04 Yes Mooroopna Quarterly 4 0 0.02 Yes Murchison Quarterly 4 0 0.04 Yes Nagambie Quarterly 4 0 0.02 Yes Nathalia Quarterly 4 0 0.03 Yes Numurkah Quarterly 4 0 0.02 Yes Picola Quarterly 4 0 0.02 Yes Pyalong Quarterly 4 0 0.05 Yes Rushworth Quarterly 4 0 0.02 Yes Seymour High Level Quarterly 4 0 0.02 Yes Seymour Low Level Quarterly 4 0 0.02 Yes Shepparton Quarterly 4 0 0.04 Yes Stanhope Quarterly 4 0 0.01 Yes Strathmerton Quarterly 4 0 0.03 Yes Tallarook Quarterly 4 0 0.04 Yes Tallygaroopna Quarterly 4 0 0.04 Yes Tatura Quarterly 4 0 0.01 Yes Thornton Quarterly 4 0 0.05 Yes Tongala Quarterly 4 0 0.02 Yes Toolamba Quarterly 4 0 0.03 Yes Trawool Quarterly 4 0 0.41 Yes Upper Delatite Quarterly 8 0 0.20 Yes Violet Town Quarterly 4 0 0.20 Yes Wandong / Heathcote Junction Quarterly 4 0 0.02 Yes Waterford Park Quarterly 4 0 0.11 Yes Wunghnu Quarterly 4 0 0.04 Yes Yarroweyah Quarterly 8 0 0.02 Yes Yea Quarterly 4 0 0.04 Yes

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3.8.2 Actions in relation to non-compliance The majority of drinking water sampling localities complied with the regulatory standards for aesthetics. Refer to section 3.9 for analysis of results and further information. No aesthetic notifications, as required by the Act, were issued in the 2012/13 reporting period.

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3.9 Analysis of results Table 3.9: Summary of Compliance with Water Quality Standards

2012/2013 2011/2012 2010/2011 Water Quality % of % of Parameter % of Population Non-Complying Zones Non-Complying Zones Non-Complying Zones Population Population Compliant (No. of exceedances) (No. of exceedances) (No. of exceedances) Compliant Compliant

E.coli 100.0% - 100.0% - 100.0% -

Trihalomethanes 100.0% - 98.5% Nagambie (1) 98.6% Nagambie (2) Chloroacetic Acid 100.0% - 100.0% - 100.0% - Dichloroacetic Acid 100.0% - 100.0% - 98.6% Nagambie (1) Barmah (1) Nagambie (2) Trichloroacetic Acid 100.0% - 98.5% Nagambie (1) 97.8% Pyalong (2) Thornton (6) Barmah (1) Bonnie Doon (5) Katamatite (1) Mooroopna (1) Aluminium 65.3% Shepparton (1) 99.6% Bonnie Doon (1) 51.9% Nagambie (1) Numurkah (1) Shepparton (1) Wandong/HJ (1) Turbidity 100.0% 100.0% - 100.0% -

Notes: During 2012/2013 Goulburn Valley Water had 48 water sampling localities. During 2011/2012 Goulburn Valley Water had 48 water sampling localities. During 2010/2011 Goulburn Valley Water had 48 water sampling localities.

Analysis of results for E.coli and comparison with previous years Comparison of the results against compliance with water quality standards for E.coli is provided in section 3 of this report. Further analysis is provided as follows: During 2012/13, all 48 drinking water sampling localities met the regulatory standard. Single instances of E.coli were detected Barmah, Picola and two instances at Yarroweyah resulting in less than 100% of samples (98%) with no E.coli. During 2011/12, all 48 drinking water sampling localities met the regulatory standard. Single instances of E.coli were detected at Seymour High Level resulting in less than 100% of samples (98%) with no E.coli. During 2010/11, all 48 drinking water sampling localities met the regulatory standard. Single instances of E.coli were detected at Barmah, Numurkah, Nagambie, Eildon, Violet Town and Wunghnu resulting in less than 100% of samples (98%) with no E.coli. These results represent an excellent microbiological record for Goulburn Valley Water over several years.

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Analysis of results for chlorine based disinfection by-products and comparison with previous years

Disinfection by-products may arise from the chlorination of water that contains naturally occurring organic material (NOM). Comparison of the results against compliance with water quality standards for chlorine based disinfection by-products is provided in section 3 of this report. Actions in relation to non-compliance are provided in section 3.2.2 of this report. Further analysis is provided as follows: Trihalomethanes During 2012/13, all 48 drinking water sampling localities met the regulatory standard. During 2011/12, 47 of the 48 drinking water sampling localities met the regulatory standard. Nagambie had one exceedance in this reporting period. During 2010/11, 47 of the 48 drinking water sampling localities met the regulatory standard. Nagambie had two exceedances in this reporting period. Chloroacetic acid: During 2012/13, all 48 drinking water sampling localities met the regulatory standard. During 2011/12, all 48 drinking water sampling localities met the regulatory standard. During 2010/11, all 48 drinking water sampling localities met the regulatory standard. Dichloroacetic acid: During 2012/13, all 48 drinking water sampling localities met the regulatory standard. During 2011/12, all 48 drinking water sampling localities met the regulatory standard. During 2010/11, 47 of the 48 drinking water sampling localities met the regulatory standard. Nagambie had one exceedance in this reporting period. Trichloroacetic acid: During 2012/13, all 48 drinking water sampling localities met the regulatory standard. During 2011/12, 47 of the 48 drinking water sampling localities met the regulatory standard. Nagambie had one exceedance in this reporting period. During 2010/11, 44 of the 48 drinking water sampling localities met the regulatory standard. Barmah had one exceedance, Nagambie and Pyalong had two exceedances, and Thornton had six exceedances in this reporting period. These results represent an excellent disinfection by-products record for Goulburn Valley Water over several years.

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Analysis of results for acid soluble aluminium and comparison with previous years Comparison of the results against compliance with water quality standards for aluminium is provided in section 3 of this report. Further analysis is provided as follows: During 2012/13, 47 of the 48 drinking water sampling localities met the regulatory standard. Shepparton had one exceedance in this reporting period. During 2011/12, 47 of the 48 drinking water sampling localities met the regulatory standard. Bonnie Doon had one exceedance in this reporting period. During 2010/11, 40 of the 48 drinking water sampling localities met the regulatory standard. Barmah, Katamatite, Mooroopna, Nagambie, Numurkah, Shepparton and Wandong all had one exceedance, and Bonnie Doon had five exceedances in this reporting period. These results represent a good acid soluble aluminium record for Goulburn Valley Water over several years. The majority of water sampling localities sampled were within the ADWG aesthetic- related guideline limit. Acid soluble aluminium exceedances over the reporting periods were generally based on a single events relating to rapidly changing poor raw water quality and an associated short duration treatment process issue.

Analysis of results for turbidity and comparison with previous years Comparison of the results against compliance with water quality standards for turbidity is provided in section 3 of this report. Further analysis is provided as follows: During 2012/13, all 48 drinking water sampling localities met the regulatory standard. During 2011/12, all 48 drinking water sampling localities met the regulatory standard. During 2010/11, all 48 drinking water sampling localities met the regulatory standard. These results represent an excellent turbidity record for Goulburn Valley Water over several years.

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Analysis of results for other health related parameters Comparison of the results against compliance with water quality standards for health related parameters is provided in section 3 of this report. Further analysis is provided as follows: Heavy metals: All water sampling localities were within the ADWG health-related guideline limit.

Chlorite & chlorate: All water sampling localities were within the ADWG health-related guideline limit.

Cyanide: All of the water sampling localities were compliant with the ADWG health- related guideline limit.

Oxidised Nitrogen: All of the water sampling localities recorded consistently low results and were compliant with the ADWG health-related guideline limit for nitrate and nitrite.

Pesticides: There were no health-related pesticides detected in raw water sources. All raw water sources were compliant with the ADWG health-related guideline limit. For those pesticides tested in the reticulation system, there were no health-related pesticides detected.

Health-related organics: There were no health-related organic compounds detected in raw water sources. All raw water sources were compliant with the ADWG health- related guideline limit. For those organics tested in the reticulation system, there were no health-related organics detected.

Radiological: All gross alpha and beta radioactivity results were within the relevant screening limits.

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Analysis of results for aesthetic related parameters Comparison of the results against compliance with water quality standards for aesthetic related parameters is provided in section 3 of this report. Further analysis is provided as follows: pH: Several of the water sampling localities exceeded the ADWG aesthetic related guideline limit. They were Bonnie Doon, Broadford, Eildon, Katamatite, Katandra West, Merrigum, Mooroopna, Nagambie, Pyalong, Rushworth, Tallarook, Tatura and Trawool. The majority of samples were marginally outside the ADWG aesthetic-related guideline limit, with elevated pH levels caused by water being in contact with cement lined pipes for extended periods of time.

True colour: All of the all water sampling localities results were within the ADWG aesthetic-related guideline limit.

Electrical conductivity: All water sampling localities have very low total dissolved solids (TDS) / electrical conductivity (EC) with the exception of Pyalong. Pyalong’s water source is typically above the ADWG aesthetic-related guideline limit for total dissolved solids. The Pyalong results have improved over the last 3 years with the breaking of the continued drought. There are no plans to upgrade the Pyalong Water Treatment Plant, which currently does not incorporate water softening processes, at this time.

Hardness: All water sampling localities have very low hardness with the exception of Avenel and Pyalong. All results were within the ADWG aesthetic-related guideline limit. Alkalinity: There is no ADWG aesthetic-related guideline limit. Iron: All water sampling localities results, with the exception of Trawool, were within the ADWG aesthetic-related guideline limit. The Trawool exceedance was the result of an old cast iron water main.

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4. Emergency and incident management Section 22 of the Safe Drinking Water Act 2003 mandates that water corporations immediately notify the Department of Health (DH) of any incident or situation relating to a drinking water supply that may pose a risk to human health or cause widespread public complaint.

Goulburn Valley Water’s risk management and quality management systems serve to minimise the incidence of serious incidents, and incorporate continuous improvement strategies to avoid the recurrence of problems.

When incidents do occur, Goulburn Valley Water’s monitoring programs are designed to identify problems as soon as possible, avoiding or minimising adverse impacts on customer service. The corporation’s SCADA system enables remote monitoring of critical water quality parameters from all of our water treatment facilities on a continuous basis. The treatment facilities can be shut-down remotely as soon as a potential problem is identified, so that no more water is produced until the issue is addressed. Facilities incorporate appropriate treated water storage to facilitate uninterrupted service to customers in these events.

Goulburn Valley Water also has well-documented procedures for dealing with water quality incidents, including response plans, contingency plans and notification protocols. Importantly, our Corporate Emergency Management Plan is integrated with plans from external agencies and links to the Emergency Management Act 1986 and Emergency Management Manual Victoria. Plans are regularly tested through field and desktop exercises.

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Known or Suspected Contamination The following water quality incidents were notified to the Department of Health under Section 22 of the Safe Drinking Water Act during the 2012/2013 reporting period:

Date: 29/11/2012 Estimated duration of incident: 30/11/2012 Location of incident: Euroa Nature of incident: Increased temperatures affected the clarifier and caused the floc blanket to rise. Filtered water with turbidity level of 5NTU entering the CWS and possibly the reticulation. SCADA alarm was missed by CSC officer initially but picked up 90 minutes later Drinking water supplies potentially effected: Euroa and Violet Town Action taken in response: Plant was immediately crashed once issue discovered. Operations staff attended site and filters were drained and backwashed. Plant restarted and response samples were taken for E.coli at the clear water storage and reticulation system – all samples were clear of E.coli. Communication with customers: none DH notification: A Section 22 notification was sent to the department of Health on 30/11/2012.

Date: 13/12/2012 Estimated duration of incident: Isolated incident Location of incident: Barmah Nature of incident: E.coli detection of 1 org/100mL in a routine weekly sample of reticulation system Drinking water supplies potentially effected: Barmah Action taken in response: Chlorine residual levels recorded at the time of sampling were, clear water storage - 0.6ppm, reticulation-0.5ppm; Detection discussed with district operational staff. Investigation into incident revealed that there had been no water treatment process issues over the past few days, no CCP breaches had occurred. Storage checked for signs of ingress points none found. Response sampling of clear water storage and reticulation system instigated. All samples were clear of E. coli. No further detections since. Communication with customers: nil DH notification: A section 22 notification was sent to the Department of Health on 14/12/2012.

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Date: 2/04/2013 Estimated duration of incident: Isolated incident Location of incident: Picola Nature of incident: E.coli exceedance in the reticulation (7 MPN/100mL) at Picola. Also E.coli detected in the Clear Water Storage (3 MPN/100mL) in routine weekly testing. Drinking water supplies potentially affected: Picola Action taken in response: Checked chlorine residuals at time of sampling, within limits. Investigation into incident revealed that there had been no water treatment process issues over the previous days, no CCP breaches had occurred. Storage checked for signs of ingress points, none found. Reticulation system flushed and response samples taken. All samples were clear of E. coli. Communication with customers: nil DH notification: A Section 22 notification was sent to the Department of Health on 4/04/2013.

Date: 3/04/2013 Estimated duration of incident: Isolated incident Location of incident: Yarroweyah & Strathmerton Nature of incident: E.coli exceedances in the reticulation at Yarroweyah (24 MPN/100mL and 6 MPN/100mL). Coliforms also detected in Clear Water Storage, Water Tower and reticulation at Cobram, E.coli and coliforms in the Water Tower at Strathmerton and a single coliform in the reticulation at Strathmerton. Drinking water supplies potentially affected: Cobram, Yarroweyah and Strathmerton Action taken in response: Checked chlorine residuals at time of sampling, within limits. Investigation into incident revealed that there had been no water treatment process issues over the previous days, no CCP breaches had occurred. Storage checked for signs of ingress points, none found. Reticulation system flushed and response samples taken. All samples were clear of E. coli. Communication with customers: nil DH notification: A Section 22 notification was sent to the Department of Health on 5/04/2013.

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Water Quality Incidents

The following water quality incidents occurred during the reporting period:

Date: 30/08/2012 Estimated duration of incident: Isolated Incident Location of incident: Shepparton Nature of incident: Acid soluble Aluminium exceedance of 0.50mg/L. Fault at the DAFF plant with the coagulation sample line flow to the dosed pH monitoring instrument. The coagulation sample line rotamotor appears to have restricted the flow causing an incorrect measurement of pH. A pH of 6.7 was displayed on the meter & SCADA; however the actual pH was 5.3 (as confirmed with a hand held meter). The dosing pH was estimated to be out of specification for approximately one hour, which caused soluble aluminium to pass through the filters. Drinking water supplies potentially effected: Shepparton, Mooroopna, Toolamba and Tallygaroopna Action taken in response: Immediate action will be to replace the sample line rotamotor with a flow switch. This change is expected to avoid sample line restrictions in future. Communication with customers: Not Required DH notification: A Section 18 notification sent to the Department of Health on 31/08/2012.

Date: 8/1/2013 Estimated duration of incident: Isolated incident Location of incident: Barmah Nature of incident: Turbidity’s detected in the CWS at Barmah WTP over a 3 week period (max of 9.5 NTU). Also coliforms detected in the CWS at 160 orgs/100mL. Drinking water supplies potentially effected: Barmah Action taken in response: Investigation undertaken found that the pipe on the sample line had was deteriorated and causing a scouring effect resulting in high turbidity’s to the sample point. The pipe was immediately replaced and turbidity levels returned to normal levels. Water supplied at this time did not pose a risk to public health. Communication with customers: nil DH notification: nil.

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Date: 29/05/2013 Estimated duration of incident: 29/5/2013 Location of incident: Broadford Nature of incident: Turbidity of 7.6 NTU in the reticulation. Drinking water supplies potentially effected: Broadford Action taken in response: SCADA trending showed excessive outflow (50 – 60 L/s) from the CWS storage for a seven minute period which disturbed sediment and biofilm in the water main. Water supplied at this time did not pose a risk to public health. Communication with customers: Received one customer complaint which GVW staff responded to. DH notification: Not required as the monthly average for turbidity did not exceed 5 NTU

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5. Complaints relating to water quality Goulburn Valley Water’s commitment to customer service and excellence in water quality includes a structured and documented customer complaints management system. Customer water quality complaints are managed through a visible and robust process. The key attributes of the management process are:  Customers can report water quality issues in a number of ways: . On our 24-hour/7 day Customer Service Centre free call number, 1800 454 500. . Via the customer feedback service on our website, www.gvwater.vic.gov.au. . Directly to our staff at any of our offices or operational centres.  All complaints are recorded in Goulburn Valley Water’s complaints database which enables their status to be tracked and wide-spread issues to be identified and resolved quickly and efficiently.  Customer complaints are dealt with promptly. Our target is to respond to verbal complaints within two working days with most dealt with on the same day. Goulburn Valley Water also responds promptly to written inquiries.  Where possible, we make contact with the customer to discuss the water quality complaint during our investigations and follow-up to advise the customer of our actions and to monitor satisfaction levels.  Remedial actions are carried out, where appropriate, to minimise or remove the causes of complaints where service levels do not meet the Goulburn Valley Water Customer Charter.  A summary of customer complaints is reviewed by the Board of Goulburn Valley Water each month as a means of improving our customer service performance.  Every year, Goulburn Valley Water commissions an independent firm of market research consultants to conduct a customer satisfaction survey that includes water quality issues.

Table 5.1 summarises the water quality complaints received in 2012/13, and for the previous three years. Table 5.1: Complaints relating to water quality

Number of No. of Complaints Water Quality Complaints Type of Complaint per 100 Population for 2012/2013 2012/2013 2011/2012 2010/2011 2009/2010 Discoloured water 0.232 127 209 291 218 Taste / odour 0.082 45 58 52 41 Blue water 0.000 0 0 0 0 Air in water 0.004 2 2 2 5 Alleged illness 0.000 0 2 8 0 Other 0.011 6 5 2 3

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Analysis of water quality complaints Of the 180 complaints received during the 2012/13 reporting period, the majority were related to taste, odour and discoloured water. The majority of complaints were isolated events and were spread across the localities. All complaints were promptly responded to by Goulburn Valley Water staff. The 2012/13 reporting period saw a drop in the number of customer complaints compared to the previous three years. This could be due to a decline in wet weather and heavy rainfall events during 2012/13 compared to previous years.

6. Findings of the most recent risk management plan audit

Drinking water risk management plan audits were not required to be undertaken during the 2012/13 reporting period. The next audit is scheduled for 2014.

7. Undertakings under section 30 of the act The Safe Drinking Water Act 2003 has provision for water corporations to seek ‘undertakings’ where it is considered that water supply systems are at risk of non-compliance with the water quality standards. It is recognised that not all systems may be initially compliant with the standards, and undertakings allow water corporations the necessary time to plan and implement water quality improvements in water supply systems. Undertakings for one of Goulburn Valley Water’s water sampling localities had previously been accepted by the Department of Health to address issues that heighten the risk of non-compliance with the drinking water quality standards. This undertaking is listed in Table 7.1.

Table 7.1: Undertakings

Water Sampling Water Quality Reason Locality Parameter(s) Commence End Date Date

Bonnie Acid Soluble The treatment process appears to be affected by 1-Sep-2011 1-June-2012 Doon Aluminium seasonal variation in the raw water supply.

Undertakings require that remedial actions be nominated to prevent the contravention of the water quality standard from occurring in the future, and that interim measures be in place to minimise non-compliance in the short-term. The nominated remedial actions and interim measures are detailed in Table 7.2.

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Table 7.2: Actions on undertakings

Water Sampling

Locality Actions Being Undertaken Interim Measures Investigations and monitoring to be conducted over a 12 Optimise existing coagulation process month period. Goulburn Valley Water have engaged consultants to assist the corporation with further Bonnie Doon investigations and troubleshooting of the treatment process.

Status of Undertaking at Bonnie Doon

Investigations with consultants and Goulburn Valley Water were conducted at Bonnie Doon. A temporary pH correction dosing system was set up to assist in reducing Aluminium residuals whilst the undertaking was in place. An automated pH correction dosing system to control coagulation was constructed. In view of success of the new controls and the low risk of future exceedence of the maximum allowable limit the undertaking was closed on the 4th October 2012.

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8. Regulated water Some small reticulated town water systems have been declared Regulated Water (non-drinking water) by the Minister for Health. Towns with regulated water supplies are:  Corop  Molesworth  Goulburn Weir (Baxter’s Road)  Kirwans Bridge  Strathbogie  Woods Point

In addition, some of our customers in other areas are provided with a supply of water directly from one of our raw water pipelines, prior to treatment. These water supplies are ‘by agreement’, and are also designated as non-drinking water.

For declared regulated (non-drinking) water supplies, there is no intention for the water to be used for human consumption as Goulburn Valley Water cannot guarantee the safety or the quality of this water. The water is not to be used for drinking or food preparation, but is generally suitable for other domestic purposes.

To ensure that regulated water is not mistakenly used for drinking, the following strategies are in place:  Advisory notices are sent to all affected property owners and tenants twice per year.  A warning message is included on invoices to affected customers three times per year.  Councils, health care facilities and food establishments are advised of the non-drinking status of the water and have been provided with signs for taps in publicly accessible areas such as parks and public amenities.  The water supply is disinfected as a precautionary measure against inadvertent consumption.

The source waters for each regulated supply system in the Goulburn Valley region are shown in Table 10.1.

Table 10.1: Regulated Water Supplies

Regulated Source Water Date of Publication of Population Water Gazette Notice Serviced Corop Waranga Basin outlet channel 4 January 2008 70 Goulburn Weir Lake Nagambie 4 January 2008 30 Kirwan's Bridge Lake Nagambie 4 January 2008 90 Molesworth Goulburn River 4 January 2008 40 Strathbogie Seven Creeks 4 January 2008 60 Woods Point Brewery Creek 4 January 2008 140

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9. Further information

Section 23 of the Safe Drinking Water Act 2003 requires that Goulburn Valley Water make available for inspection by the public the results of any water quality monitoring program that is conducted on any drinking water supplied by us. Customers and members of the public may access drinking water quality data by contacting Goulburn Valley Water on the details provided below.

Goulburn Valley Water Corporation Regional Administration Centre 104-110 Fryers Street Shepparton 3630 Mail: PO Box 185, Shepparton 3632 Telephone: (03) 5832 0400 Facsimile: (03) 5831 1467 Email: [email protected] Website: www.gvwater.vic.gov.au

Page 80 of 80 Prepared by Susan O’Sullivan Drinking Water Compliance Officer Goulburn Valley Water Corporation