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Expanded Sampling Across Ontogeny in Deltasuchus Motherali (Neosuchia, Crocodyliformes) Series Editor-In-Chief Sumrall Colin D DRUMHELLER DRUMHELLER New material attributable to Deltasuchus motherali, a neosuchian from the Cenomanian of Texas, provides sampling across much of the ontogeny of this species. Detailed descriptions provide information about the paleobiology of ET AL. this species, particularly with regards to how growth and development affected diet. Overall snout shape became Elements of Paleontology progressively wider and more robust with age, suggesting that dietary shifts from juvenile to adult were not only a matter of size change, but of functional performance as well. These newly described elements provide additional characters upon which to base more robust phylogenetic analyses. The authors E provide a revised diagnosis of this species, describing the new xpanded Sampling Across Ontogeny in material and discussing incidents of apparent ontogenetic Expanded Sampling variation across the sampled population. The results of the ensuing phylogenetic analyses both situate Deltasuchus within Across Ontogeny an endemic clade of Appalachian crocodyliforms, separate and diagnosable from goniopholidids and pholidosaurs, herein in Deltasuchus referred to as Paluxysuchidae. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core. motherali (Neosuchia, Crocodyliformes) Deltasuchus motherali Deltasuchus About the Series Series Editor-in-Chief The Elements of Paleontology Colin D. Sumrall Stephanie K. Drumheller, series is a publishing collaboration University of between the Paleontological Society Tennessee Thomas L. Adams, and Cambridge University Press. (Neosuchia, Crocodyliformes) Hannah Maddox and The series covers the full spectrum of topics in paleontology and Christopher R. Noto paleobiology, and related topics in the Earth and life sciences of interest to students and researchers of paleontology. Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.202.226, on 29 Sep 2021 at 12:47:07, subject ISSNto the 2517-780X Cambridge (online) Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009042024 ISSN 2517-7796 (print) Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.202.226, on 29 Sep 2021 at 12:47:07, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009042024 Elements of Paleontology edited by Colin D. Sumrall University of Tennessee EXPANDED SAMPLING ACROSS ONTOGENY IN DELTASUCHUS MOTHERALI (NEOSUCHIA, CROCODYLIFORMES) Revealing Ecomorphological Niche Partitioning and Appalachian Endemism in Cenomanian Crocodyliforms Stephanie K. Drumheller University of Tennessee Thomas L. Adams Witte Museum Hannah Maddox University of Tennessee Christopher R. Noto University of Wisconsin-Parkside Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.202.226, on 29 Sep 2021 at 12:47:07, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009042024 University Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United Kingdom One Liberty Plaza, 20th Floor, New York, NY 10006, USA 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia 314–321, 3rd Floor, Plot 3, Splendor Forum, Jasola District Centre, New Delhi – 110025, India 79 Anson Road, #06–04/06, Singapore 079906 Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge. It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education, learning, and research at the highest international levels of excellence. www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781009005814 DOI: 10.1017/9781009042024 © Stephanie K. Drumheller, Thomas L. Adams, Hannah Maddox, and Christopher R. Noto 2021 This work is in copyright. It is subject to statutory exceptions and to the provisions of relevant licensing agreements; with the exception of the Creative Commons version the link for which is provided below, no reproduction of any part of this work may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. An online version of this work is published at doi.org/10.1017/9781009042024 under a Creative Commons Open Access license CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 which permits re-use, distribution and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial purposes providing appropriate credit to the original work is given. You may not distribute derivative works without permission. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecom mons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 All versions of this work may contain content reproduced under license from third parties. Permission to reproduce this third-party content must be obtained from these third-parties directly. When citing this work, please include a reference to the DOI 10.1017/9781009042024 First published 2021 A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library. ISBN 978-1-009-00581-4 Paperback ISSN 2517-780X (online) ISSN 2517-7796 (print) Additional resources for this publication at www.cambridge.org/drumheller Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.202.226, on 29 Sep 2021 at 12:47:07, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009042024 Expanded Sampling Across Ontogeny in Deltasuchus motherali (Neosuchia, Crocodyliformes) Revealing Ecomorphological Niche Partitioning and Appalachian Endemism in Cenomanian Crocodyliforms Elements of Paleontology DOI: 10.1017/9781009042024 First published online: April 2021 Stephanie K. Drumheller University of Tennessee Thomas L. Adams Witte Museum Hannah Maddox University of Tennessee Christopher R. Noto University of Wisconsin-Parkside Author for correspondence: Stephanie K. Drumheller, [email protected] Abstract: New material attributable to Deltasuchus motherali, a neosuchian from the Cenomanian of Texas, provides sampling across much of the ontogeny of this species. Detailed descriptions provide information about the paleobiology of this species, particularly with regards to how growth and development affected diet. Overall snout shape became progressively wider and more robust with age, suggesting that dietary shifts from juvenile to adult were not only a matter of size change, but of functional performance as well. These newly described elements provide additional characters upon which to base more robust phylogenetic analyses. The authors provide a revised diagnosis of this species, describing the new material and discussing incidents of apparent ontogenetic variation across the sampled population. The results of the ensuing phylogenetic analyses both situate Deltasuchus within an endemic clade of Appalachian crocodyliforms, separate and diagnosable from goniopholidids and pholidosaurs, herein referred to as Paluxysuchidae. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core Keywords: Cretaceous, Woodbine Formation, ontogeny, Crocodyliformes, Deltasuchus © Stephanie K. Drumheller, Thomas L. Adams, Hannah Maddox, and Christopher R. Noto 2021 ISBNs: 9781009005814 (PB), 9781009042024 (OC) ISSNs: 2517-780X (online), 2517-7796 (print) Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.202.226, on 29 Sep 2021 at 12:47:07, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009042024 Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Age and Geologic Setting 2 3 Systematic Paleontology 6 4 Description 7 5 Phylogenetic Analysis 41 6 Discussion 46 7 Conclusions 57 References 59 Further Online Appendices, in addition to other supplementary materials including video files, can be accessed at www.cambridge.org/drumheller. Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.202.226, on 29 Sep 2021 at 12:47:07, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009042024 Expanded Sampling Across Ontogeny 1 1 Introduction Starting in the mid-Cretaceous, the spread of the Western Interior Seaway divided North America in half, an event that should lend itself well to explor- ations of vicariance in terrestrial and freshwater taxa. However, such analyses are stymied by two separate taphonomic biases. First, the North American record is temporally biased, with spikes in diversity being known in the Aptian–Albian and the Campanian–Maastrichtian with few terrestrial sites in between (Jacobs and Winkler, 1998; Weishampel et al., 2004; Zanno and Makovicky, 2013). Secondly, what mid-Cretaceous sites we do have are geo- graphically biased as well, concentrated on the western landmass of Laramidia (Ullmann et al., 2012; Krumenacker et al., 2016; Prieto-Márquez et al., 2016). Appalachia, to the east, has remained something of a mystery, but recent discoveries are starting to reveal aspects of the diversity of this understudied landmass (e.g. Adams et al., 2017; Brownstein, 2018; Adrian et al., 2019; Noto et al., 2019). The Woodbine Group outcrops across north-central Texas and is situated within both this temporal and geographic gap. Dating to 96 Ma and situated on the western paleocoastline of Appalachia (Powell, 1968; Dodge, 1969; Kennedy and Cobban, 1990; Emerson et al., 1994; Lee, 1997a, 1997b; Jacobs and Winkler, 1998; Gradstein
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