8875 E X T E N S I 0 N S 0 F R E·M a R K S Hon. William E

1957 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 8875

E X T E N S I 0 N S 0 F R E·M A R K S

Status of Forces Treaties marlzed the judicial decisions dealing with press-in feast and celebration-their this issue. profound gratitude for the generosity, There is a long record of decisions going the tolerance, the almost boundless hu EXTENSION OF REMARKS back to Chief Justice Marshall emphasizing manity and friendship which the native OF the main point at issue-the troops of a friendly power visiting foreign countries, Hawaiian, more than anyone else, is re HON. WILLIAM E. JENNER partake of the nature of the sovereignty. sponsible for in present-day Hawaiian OF INDIANA and are treated in law like a visiting sover life, and which characterizes that life as eign. The same principle explains the legal democratic and as American in the deep IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES immunity granted to diplomats by every law est senses of those words. Tuesday, June 11, 1957 abiding nation. Kamehameha I is perhaps best.known The enormity of the Status-of-Forces Trea generally as a great warrior king, but he Mr. JENNER. Mr. President, I ask ties is this. The State Department gave up unanimous consent to have printed in the sovereign rights of this country, and the was an even greater leader in peace- the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD a statement dignity of our soldiers as part of our national in fact his exploits as a warrior will be prepared by me on the Status of Forces sovereignty, but they did not see any reason completely misunderstood if they are Treaties. for giving up the immunity granted our not viewed as his attempt to realize for There being no objection, the state diplomats. all the Hawaiian people a perpetual and ment was ordered to be printed in the Let. me point out another aspect of this joyful peace. RECORD, as follows: treaty which will rise to plague us someday. When Kamehameha was a young The Status of Forces Treaties surrender STATUS-OF-FORCES TREATIES chief, already controlling the island of American jurisdiction not only over our Hawaii and showing signs of the great (Statement by Senator WILLIAM E. JENNER) fighting men, but over their wives and chil ness to come, a famous Hawaiian The explosive issue of what legal jurisdic dren. They also surrender jurisdiction over kahuna-or priest-appeared before him tion our ~rvicemen will be subjected to, if what is lightly called civilian components of charged with crime in foreign countries, has our Armed Forces. How many civilians are and prophesized: Kamehameha was to now erupted into dangerous international today subject to trial and imprisonment in a conquer and unite all the islands, there crises, ln Japan, Free China, and Korea. foreign country, perhaps for nothing more after to enable his people to live in a This problem has been seething, below the serious than reacting to Communist at lasting and prosperous peace. surface, for several years. Just a year ago tempts to start street fighting? How many That this was his motive and his vis 1 appeared before the Senate Foreign Rela Americans might suddenly find themselves ion, Kamehameha gave full evidence at tions Committee to ask them to hold hear a.broad and subject to a foreign court in the the very first opportunity-immediately ings on a resolution of mine, and a similar event of an emergency? after gaining full control of the island resolution by Senator McCarthy, on this All Americans regret the deaths of any cit issue. izens of other countries as a result of any of Hawaii. Among other things, he or My resolution called on the Executive to act of our fighting men. We know that large dered the planting of foodstuff on all invoke the clauses in the Status of Forces numbers of visiting troops always create available land, and began the develop Treaty, which permitted our Government to problems. That is normal among all nation ment of an irrigation project considered revise article 7 of the treaty or to abrogate alities. We understand the desire of other by ·later viewers as a most amazing ac it in proper diplomatic form. nations to retain all the marks of full sov complishment. The case of Army Sp3c. William S. Girard ereignty. I am sure they will try to do their In his first official act when he had ts the most important indication of where best to give our men a fair trial. But we gotten control of all the islands, he told we are going. cannot ask our young men to serve their his people to go home and stop fighting, This American serviceman was engaged in country in foreign lands, and then take from practice firing, on the firing range. Japa them the protection of our Constitution. tQ turn from war to the building of an nese citizens had been warned to stay off It involves no diplomatic problem what enduring peace. the firing range because it was dangerous. ever for the State Department to open nego He promulgated the famous Law of There was no personal quarrel between tiations for a change in these treaties, to Mamalahoe which I give here in transla the American soldier and the Japanese citi give American fighting men and their wives tion: ~en. He was involved in no rowdyism, crimi and children the protection of American laws. The procedure for reopening this question 0 my people, honor thy gods. Respect nal act, or personal hostility. He was en alike the rights of men both great and gaged in duties connected with a clearly was put into the treaty as a. safeguard for all nations. As I said a year ago, if Ameri humble; see to it that the aged and the military action. children may go their ways in peace, and lie Under the treaty the American Govern cans are willing to surrender their Constitu tion they certainly should not begin with our down to sleep by the roadside without fear ment and the host government have con of harm. current jurisdiction over offenses arising in fighting men. connection with military duties or military He set up projects to increase food pro property, with primary jurisdiction resting duction, and became his own best ex with us. The recent argument that in the ample to his people by establishing sev pauses to rest between firing rounds, Private Kamehameha I: A Great Leader eral food farms of his own which he Girard lost his role in a military operation, and was engaged in leisure-time activities personally worked. To insure free medi 1s pure nonsense. To surrender jurisdic EXTENSION OF REMARKS cal service to all he set up a school for tion over him is a pure political surrender. OF medical kahunas, and he set up schools Someone was able to overrule the Secretary of training f~r arts and crafts-free for of Defense, who quite properly wished to HON. JOHN A. BURNS all people. give our fighting men full confidence that DELEGATE FROM HAWAll He issued another famous edict: our Government stood with them. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Someone was wllling to make an American There shall be no idle person in the land. soldier a pawn in moves on the interna Tuesday, June 11. 1957 The Hawaiian workday was 4 hours; tional chessboard, however disastrously it would affect the morale of our fighting men. Mr. BURNS of Hawaii. Mr. Speaker, Kamehameha made plans f~r occupying The absurdity of this decision Is high today, June 11, is set aside in Hawaii as the rest of the time with healthful games lighted by the State Department's equally Kamehameha Day-a Territorial holi and play. From time immemorial the absurd position, in reverse, in Free China. day-in honor of the great Hawaiian Hawaiians had observed the makahiki Here the soldier was clearly not engaged iri King, Kamehameha I. It is a day in season, lasting from October through military activities. We knew the Chinese which the people of Hawaii pay honor January, as a time of recreation and Government had fought for a hundred years and tribute to this first king of all the rest. The season was dedicated to Lono, against arbitrary and unjust imposition of major Hawaiian Islands, the king who, the god of fertility; it was the harvest extraterritorial rights by foreign govern ments engaged only in trade. But we ig in the early decades Qf the 19th century, time in which warfare and contention nored the obligation to treat the Chinese as united the major islands for the first were absolutely forbidden. It was un fairly as our other allies. time under one ruler. thinkable to the Hawaiian that in har ln a brief presented a year ago to the Sen It is a day in which the people of vest, the time of life and growth, men ate Foreign Relations Committee, I sum- Hawaii re:fiect upon, honor, and ex- should kill each other and their means 8876 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE June 11 of subsistence. First the harvest was held in Baltimore, Md., presented to Wil consumption of his product at full parity. gathered, then the taxes collected, and liam R. Clay a certificate of recognition The remainder could be sold on the world the remainder of the time the people for outstanding service to the veterans market or carried for future use. spent in feast and celebration. It is to of our State. In introducing this bill it is my desire be noted too that before the coming ot Mr. Clay, a 38-year-old Government to fill a serious need for a farm program the foreigner the Hawaiians had no in career attorney as well as a civic and tailored to a specific commodity and toxicating liquor, and the energy and veterans' leader, received the highest which will at the same time fit into the joy that animated their festivity had citation which the Disabled American overall agricultural picture. I am sure and needed no artificial inducement. Veterans award, for "his years of out many of you are familiar with it. It For this season too Kamehameha pro standing service in the field of veterans' appears evident that with the passage vided plans to enhance the leisure occu legislation in the interest of the veter of time more serious consideration must pation of his people. ans of the State of Maryland." be given to the relative merits of a new Kamehameha I embodied fully the His many friends know this leader as farm program. The domestic parity hopes and aspirations of the people; he "Honest Bill Clay," the veteran's friend. plan is a workable plan for the agricul was in the deepest sense a man of the He has been active since 1944 in the tural producers of our Nation to salvage people. Often he walked among them DAV and the American Legion, having and build anew a sound economy. disguised to study the efficacy of his held national, State, and local offices in The domestic parity plan for wheat is government, to ask questions and to both organizations. Over a period of highly favored by many people of the solicit suggestions. In work and in play 10 years he has addressed thousands of Fifth District of Kansas. It is my sin he led his people toward that full life, veterans in our State and in the District cere intention to work for the passage of without bitterness or greed, which he, of Columbia relative to programs of this bill. and his people, saw as their destiny. interest to both organizations. The motto of Hawaii-Ua Mau Ke Ea For the last 7 years, Mr. Clay has 0 Ka Aina I Ka Pono-the life of the served as department legislative officer Organization for Trade Cooperation land is preserved by righteousness for the Disabled American Veterans, while it was proclaimed by the later and since 1953 has been a member of the EXTENSION OF REMARKS Kamehameha III, is most really the ex committee for the American Legion, OF pression, in everything he did, of this serving as department legislative chair greatest Hawaiian King, Kamehameha I. man during the years 1955-56. HON. JACOB K. JAVITS When he died in 1819-the year before At the present time he is vice chairman OF NEW YORK the missionaries arrived-a great keen, of the Allied Maryland Veterans Council IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES such as never heard in Hawaii before or whose membership comprises the Veter since, arose over all the islands. ans of Foreign Wars, the American Tuesday, June 11, 1957 Things did not come true exactly as Legion, Disabled American Veterans, Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, I ask Kamehameha I visualized them. But Military Order of the Purple Heart, unanimous consent to have printed in his people are great, their generosity and AMVETS, Jewish War Veterans, Span the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD a letter their tolerance vitally characterize ish-American War Veterans, World War which I wrote on June 6, 1957, to the American democracy as it exists in Ha I Veterans, Catholic War Veterans, and Committee on Foreign Trade Education, waii. Kamehameha I is to his people, 29th Division Association, whose com Inc. This organization has recently and to the people of Hawaii generally, bined membership represents well over published a research study entitled "The "first in war, first in peace, and first in 60,000 veterans of our State. Returns Are In," which provides new the hearts of his countrymen." An in As a result of his knowledge of rights evidence of the great importance of our spiration and an ideal to all, particularly and benefits of veterans and their de national foreign-trade policy to the suc to his own. pendents and his legislative background, cess of United States foreign policy. In For these reasons, and many more, the he is considered by veteran leaders, my letter I have stressed the importance people of Hawaii honor today-as many members of the State legislature, and by of Congressional approval of the Organ communities in America today honor the Maryland Congressional delegation ization for Trade Cooperation this year. their own great men of the past-the as a complete and dedicated veteran's Failure to authoriz·e membership in the native Hawaiian people and their great friend. OTC would seriously jeopardize the posi leader, Kamehameha I, for all they have tion of the United States as world leader. given and mean to Hawaii. There being no objection, the letter Personally, and on behalf of Hawaii's Domestic Parity Plan for Wheat was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, people whom I have the honor to repre as follows: sent, I express to the native Hawaiian EXTENSION OF REMARKS I am very impressed with the committee's people on this Kamehameha Day the OF research study, "The Returns Are In" which deep gratitude · and affection of the I have just finished reading. You provide people of Hawaii for you, and for all you HON. J. FLOYD BREEDING new evidence of the vital importance of our mean, and will mean in greater measure OF KANSAS national foreign trade policy to the success in the future State of Hawaii, United IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of United States foreign policy. States of America. And, as you point out, whether the United Tuesday, June 11, 1957 States will assume membership in the pro Mr. BREEDING. Mr. Speaker, under posed Organization for Trade Cooperation is, leave to extend my remarks, I would like right now, solid proof that our country seeks A Tribute to a Maryland Veteran: to maintain the economlc leadership of the to call to the attention of my distin Free World. I note that your research study Wm. R. Clay guished colleagues my introduction of brings this out clearly, as you report that legislation to provide a domestic parity more than 68 percent of the leading foreign EXTENSION OF REMARKS plan for wheat. newspapers surveyed agree that Congres We are all concerned with overproduc sional failure to authorize .membership in OF OTC would seriously compromise United tion of our agricultural commodities. States world leadership. HON. EDWARD A. GARMATZ We all want to find an adequate and The overriding importance of positive ac OF MARYLAND profitable outlet for our overproduction tion on OTC is also spelled out by the fact IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES above our domestic needs. We need this that 89 percent of the Asian editors in your two-price plan in order to maintain do sample indicate that the Communists have Tuesday, June 11, 1957 mestic prices at the desired level and at already used our inaction on OTC for a. Mr. GARMATZ. Mr. Speaker, in May the same time sell our surpluses on the "special line of propaganda" against the United States. I can corroborate this from. of 1957, the National Commander of the foreign market. my own experience. In my trip through the Disabled American Veterans, the Hon Under the two-price plan, which could Asian countries earl~ last winter, I again and orable Joseph F. Burke, on the behalf of apply to commodities other than wheat, again found evi~ence that where our foreign the department of Maryl~nd at the each producer would be given an allot economic policy has an isolationist tinge, State convention of this organization ment covering his share of the domestic the Communists have picked it up as "proof 1957 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 8877 of America's duplicity and inability to do the I brought this subject to the attention SENATOR THYE URGES ExmBITS BY UNITED job." of President Eisenhower in the winter of STATES IN WoRLD FAms I know, therefore, by firsthand experience, Senator EDWARD J. THYE expressed strong that trade policy is an all-important factor 1954, following my visit to Bangkok, Thailand, where I witnessed an interna approval of action taken by the Senate Com in the success of our foreign policy. And I mittee on Appropriations in connection with am sure that Congressional approval of OTC tional trade fair, at which the United the supplemental appropriations billln meet this year is the next indispensable step in States was endeavoring, but not very suc ing the request of President Eisenhower for making clear to the world that we are deter cessfully, to show a picture of what Amer additional funds to permit participation by mined to maintain our leadership for free .. ica has done not only in the field of ma the United States in international fairs and dom. chine development but also in the fields expositions during the coming year. The OTC has great importance to the prosper of culture, art, and human relations. President had advised the committee that ity of our economy as well. By giving the Both the Soviet Union and Japan had there will be approximately 75 such interna General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade a tional trade fairs and that the administra continuing, day-by-day administrative arm, very impressive exhibits. Later in 1954 President Eisenhower tion feels that participation in at least 30 of the agreement will become more effective them would be useful in drawing attention and do more to promote the interests of our wrote a letter to the Committee on Ap to American products and the benefits of the American exports. OTC is, therefore, as Sec propriations recommending that $5 mil free enterprise system. The Senate Com retary of Commerce Weeks has toh.l the Con lion be appropriated for United States gress, "absolutely essential if United States mittee on Appropriations allowed $5 million agriculture, labor and industry are to receive exhibits at international trade fairs. for this and related purposes. maximum benefits from GATT." - At that time I issued a press release "I am convinced that American partici It is importaht to remember that exports with reference to the appropriation. pation in these international trade fairs is are vitally important to the growth of our Therefore, Mr. President, I ask unani of great importance to this country in its prosperity. In 1957 exports should reach mous consent that both the article and international affairs and I am very much the neighborhood of $20 billion. These ex pleased at the action taken by the Senate my statement of August 2, 1954, be Committee on Appropriations of which I am ports mean prosperity and jobs to the people printed in the RECORD. in my own State. And similarly exports a member. It will enable our Government to promote the livelihood of people throughout There being no objection, the article help in coordinating American exhibits and our Nation-roughly 4,500,000 families now and statement were ordered to be printed make possible a better rounded and more iut being directly dependent on export trade for in the RECORD, as follows: pressive picture of what America has done not only in the field of machine development their incomes. (From the Washington Post and Times By backing down on OTC, GATT could suf· Herald of June 10, 1957] but also in the field of culture, art, and hu fer seriously, opening the door to the Euro man relations. PoLES CROWD UNITED STATES DISPLAY AT "When I returned from my trip to the pean neutralists and perverting the new TRADE FAm common market and discriminating against Orient last winter one of the first things United States exports. (By Colin Frost) I did was to bring to the attention of POZNAN, POLAND, June 9.-Thousands Of President Eisenhower my impression of a Down to esseqtials, then, the question is visit to a trade fair being conducted at Bang whether we wilf have OTC or whether we luxury-starved Poles stampeded the United States exhibits at the opening of the Poznan kok in Thailand where I saw the extensive will revert to obsolescent protection theo- and . well displayed exhibits of the Soviet ries of the 1920's. · . International "Trade Fair today. Scores of extra police were called in to control them. Union in a building which dominated the You can, of course, be sure that I will be fairgrounds. The automobiles and farm 1n the forefront .of those fighting in behalf The American display of the products of 300 firms gave a dazzling answer to the now machinery displayed did not in any manner of the President's recommendj:i.tion of OTC. compare with machines and equipment of But, to be realisti.c, I must say that ·win diminished propaganda that capitalism mea.ns poverty. By nightfall about 50,000 American manufacturers, and I question ning .the battle on OTC during this session whether some would be serviceable in actuai during the !!ext 8 weeks-is only possible if Poles had seen it. Twenty-nine countries packed their prod field operations. But they did capture '.,he the Congress feels that the people wish us imagination of the people and thousands saw to keep our world trade initiative. ucts into the 40-acre grounds. Western nations dominated the show. this exhibit and passed through the Soviet You have endeavored to demonstrate that building. everyday people, having no self-serving in The United States is taking part in the fair for the first time since World War II. "I know that the totalitarian Government terest in trade, can be mobilized to build a of Russia can simply commandeer the ma stronger trade policy-to make our foreign Its exhibition is calculated both to boost business and to show the Communist world terial for such exhibits and is willing to policy more effective and our prosperity more spend thousands to set them up, but I am solidly based. Your Committee on Foreign how the United States lives. It includes a typical American home certain also that American industry and Trade Education, Inc., has grown in 3 years business under the encouragement of our from a handful in New York to an organiza packed with the household appliances that most homemakers in this part of Europe Government could far exceed anything the tion that maintains chapters and affiliates in Soviet Union can do in this field. many of our cities and that has a bipartisan can only dream of. There were displays of textiles, radios, "It seems to me that the United States volunteer membership in 36 of our States. should assume reasonable participation in You are called now to the field of national household gadgets, sports goods, toys, frozen foods, and an the other consumer goods that international fairs both in m.u· fight for mar responsibility in the grassroots fight for kets in the international field and in show winning United States adherence to OTC. crowd United States store windows but are rarities here. ing to the people of the world what ha.c; been I am, with an best wishes for your suc achieved in the United States under our free cess, assuring you of my cooperation in your Premier Josef Cyrankiewicz and other of enterprise system and our democratic prin objective. ficials were among the earliest visitors. ciples of government. I am sure that much Sincerely, The Premier told United States trade of good will flow from this effort and I strongly JACOB K. JAVITS, ficials: "I am glad to see you here and 1 endorse it on the basis of my own observa United States Senate. hope we shall be doing good business to tions in the areas where it is so important gether in the future." that America be understood and appreciated The reaction among most Polish visitors by the people." was sheer amazement. "We cannot even be lieve that things like these exist," said one United States Exhibits at World Fairs woman. "Is it true that ordinary people can buy EXTENSION OF REMARKS these things abroad?" asked another. . Proposed Amendment to Natural Gas Act OF "Suren," a Polish-speaking United States Embassy officer told her. EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. EDWARD J. THYE Some private visitors wanted to buy OF . OF MINNESOTA especially the toys. A few pulled out wads IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES of dollars-part of the great underground HON. EDWAR.D P. BOLAND reservoir of greenbacks that is almost a sec OF MASSACHUSETTS Tuesday, June 11, 1957 ond currency in Eastern Europe. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. THYE. Mr. President, I ask West Germany's exhibit-covering the whole range of booming German industry Tuesday, June 11, 1957 unanimous consent to have printed in the is the largest. It takes more than twice CONGRESSIONAL RECORD an article Which the space of either the British or United Mr. BOLAND. Mr. Speaker, under was published yesterday in the Washing States. leave to extend my remarks in the ton Post and Times Herald, entitled The United States exhibit is in a huge RECORD, I include the following state "Poles Crowd United States Display at pavilion built of aluminum and covered with ment made by me to the Committee on Trade Fair." plastic. Interstate and Foreign Commerce today 88'Z8 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-~ HOUSE, June 11 t on the proposed amendment, H. R. 6790, prior knowledge of the polities ot the flf those In favor of the Republican foreign to the Natural Gas Act: recipients. policy increased to 56.9 percent, and in 1956, It is my political philosophy that, as a to 62.3 percent-the- year in which you and Hon. OREN HARRIS, Congressman, it is my duty to speak to the the Republican Party had a great victory in Chairman, House Interstate and For• Congress and to vote the issues before the the State of lilinois. eign Commerce Committee, Wash· . Congress on the basis of the will of the ma "The present 1957 percentage has dropped ington, D. C. jority of the people in :rpy district, assuming to an alltime low, 1. e., only 35.9 percent in DEAR MR. CHAmMAN: May I take this op my people are informed as to pertinent facts favor of the Republican foreign pollcy. In portunity to testify in opposition to H. R. on the issues and their will is not contrary my opinion, this means that since last No 6790, the bill before your committee that to the general welfare of the country. In vember, our policies have lost most of thei:r would amend the Natural Gas Act so as to other words, my vote on issues before Con appeal to tile type of voter residing in my remove Federal controis over the sale of gas grE!ss will be predicated upon the will of the congressional district. at the wellhead. majority of my constituents unless the will "The yearly trends are as follows on ques I am very deeply concerned over the effect of the majority is not clearly discernible; of such legislation which would mean higher tion No. 4, 'Do you approve of the Eisen then a Congressman must use his own wis hower administration to date?' gas bills for the consumer-the little man dom and conscience in voting for whatever who is now feeling the pinch of inflation. is best for his constituents, bearing in mind ''Year:1953 ______Percentage approval 84.2 Mr. Chairman, I represent the Second Dis the general welfare of the whole country. trict in Massachusetts which is hundreds of The only way I could, in clear conscience, 1954------58.0 miles away from the section of the country: oppose the will of the majority of my people 1955------65.3 where natural gas is obtained. My constitu would be on the basis that I knew of facts 1950------76.4 ents are captive consumers of natural gas~ or circumstances which were not known to 1957------41.8 They buy it from a distributing company my people, or that, by following the will of "Y0'\1 will note that the previous low point which in turn buys from a gas transmis my constituents, I would be voting against in 1954 showed very disastrous results fol! sion line company. If the controls are re the greater good of the country as a whole. the Republican Party in the elections held moved, you can readily see who is going to In that event, it would be incumbent upon in Illinois. The present survey also shows dig down into their pockets to pay for the me to go back to my people and explain to an alltime low for support of the Eisenhower increased costs of this gas to the gas trans them the circumstances and conditions of administration to date, and I would be very mission line company at the wellhead-the which I knew, and of which they had no fearful of the results of any elections held little consumer, of course. The intermediary knowledge. at this time. consumers wm merely pass the added costs It is to be noted that a rather stable per "It is to be fervently hoped that by the down the line. centage of the people in the 11th Congres Remove the Federal regulations with this time the November 1958 elections roll legislation and you wipe out the price pro sional District, varying from 64 to 73 percent around, the Republican foreign policy and over the last 5 years, are overwhelmingly in the domestic aspects of our administration tection that the gas user now has and is en favor of the United States continuing as a titled to under the Supreme Court's ruling will be changed in order that the people 1n the now celebrated 1954 test case of the member of the United Nations. There has of the 11th Congressional District and the Phillips' Petroleum ·CO. That deci:;;ion con been a very noticeable and decided lessening State of Illinois will agliin support the clusively stated that the Federal Power Com of support for the foreign-aid program, so policies which had been received with sucb. mission does possess regulatory authority that this year's poll shows the high point of wide acceptance up until the election of over the indep.endents under the act. nearly 79.8 percent of the people opposing November 1956. To strip the Commission's authority to the proposed $4.4 billion foreign outlay. The "Respectfully, control natural gas prices at the wells would comments from many of the people of the "TIMOTHY P. SHEEHAN, be a dir_ect financial blow to the end con 11th District in answering the questionnaire "Member of Congress." sumer. This bill before your committee clearly show their low regard of this program. shoUld be rejected in the public interest. One of the interesting aspects of a public opinion poll of this type is the very great President Eisenhower acknowledged my Sincerely yours, letter of May 29 as follows: EDWARD P. BOLAND, amount ot comments we get from people an Member of Congress. swering the questionnaire, who put their THE WHITE HOUSE, views on the side, on the back, and frequently Washington, May 29, 1957. attach many other pages of comments stat The Honorable TIMOTHY P: SHEEHAN, ing their views on the questions. It is to be House of Representatives, noted that question No. 11, "Do you favor Washington, D. C. President Eisenhower's Reply to Congress more adequate laws providing for full dis closure to the public and to the United DEAR MR. SHEEHAN: Your poll reminds me man Sheehan's Letter on 11th Illinois States Government of the operation of union that public support for any giv~n program waxeS" and wanes here and there over the District Public Opinion P oil pension and welfare funds?" received the highest percentage o.f favorable replies of all country even though the program is not the 15 questions on the poll. This question basically changed. Your poll indicates that last year the. Na EXTENSION OF REMARKS also showed the least amount of people, 3.6 percent, who had no opinion on the subject. tion's foreign policy was favored by almost OJ' With reference to questions No.3 and No.4, two-thirds of your correspondents. For the "Do you appro-ve of the Rep.ublican foreign same foreign policy your poll indicates sup HON. TIMOTHY P. SHEEHAN policy in general?" "Do you approve of the port by one-third in 1957 and by one-half OF ILLINOIS Eisenhower administration to date?" I have 1n 1954. Obviously foreign policy- cannot ricochet IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES written a similar letter to both President Eisenhower and the Honorable Meade Alcorn, about in the same fashion. The adminis Tuesday, June 11, 1957 national chairman of the Republican Party>, tration will hold steadily · to the course as follows: deemed essential to the national interest. Mr. SHEEHAN. Mr. Speaker, on The alternatives to our present efforts are May 2.7 I released the results of my "President DwiGHT D. EISENHOWER, grim. They are, in this order, a fortress annual public opinion poll-see daily " 'The Whfte House, Washington, D. C. America, then a bankrupt America, then a ''DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: Knowing from pre regimented America- finally, a defeated RECORD of May 29, page A4169. At the vious reports that you take note of congres same time r sent these results, with a America. My belief. is that most citizens sional public-opinion polls, I am respect are well aware of these alternatives. I letter, to President Eisenhower,.. and ·the fully-calling to your attention the results of think our people wm hold fast in the effort contents of this letter were embodied in my. 1957 survey. to keep this Nation on a sound road in world my news release of May 27, as follows: "As a Republican. I am most deeply cdn affairs. In each of the 7 years that I have been cerned with the answers to questions No. 3 As for our domestic policies, these con and No •. 4, results of which you can observe form to the pledges of the Republican Party in Congress, I have polled a cross section of from the enclosed copy of my extension of in its platform adopted 9 months ago in San the people in the 11th Congressfonal Dis remarks to appear 1n the CoNGRESSIONAr. trict of Il11nois to ascertain their viewpoints RECORD on May 27. Francisco and to my own campaign com on important questions of the day. "You will note that on question No. 31, mitments based on those pledges. I have I attempt, in every possible way, to. make 'Do you approve of the Republican foreign . no int.ention of welching on my own or the this poll impartial. and this year, sent ap policy in general?' in 1953, 78.5 percent of the party's. word. I think no loyal Republican proximately 120 questionnaires into every peuple replied favorably; and in 1954, 0nly should. For us to do so would be, in my voting ]!)recinct in my district; so that, ap 52.9 percent agre_ed. And. you._ wtll further opinion, a long step toward party defeat and proximately 1 of every 4 voters in the area note that in Cook County, Ill., in 1954, the dissolution. received the questionnaire. In selecting Republican Party suffered· one o! its worst Sincereiy, the names :rrom the poll sheets, we have no defeats 1n 20 yearsA In 1955, the percentage DWIGHT. D. EISENHOWEL 1957 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 8879 Family Reunification Immigration Bill relief is possible for the reunification of us, he heard the call of paradise, and he these families. responded eagerly. EXTENSION OF REMARKS Unless we take action along the lines Hawaii did not disappoint Don Bland OJ' advocated by Congressman WALTER in ing. Under its tropical skies Blanding's his bill, these families face many long great artistic gifts and creative capacity HON. VICTOR L. ANFUSO years of separation and great hardships. were energized and inspired. His first OF NEW YORK It would be most heartrending and in volume of verses about Hawaii appeared. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES humane to continue such separations. Then another and a third, Vagabond's I believe it is morally incumbent upon House, which sold 150,000 editions and Tuesday, June 11, 1957 Congress to take early steps for the en· established Blanding as a major poet. Mr. ANFUSO. Mr. Speaker, I am to actment of this legislation and reunifica· His artistic versatility grew. As an day introducing a bill to reunite the·fam· tion of these families, and in this way artist, he illustrated his own published ilies of certain United States citizens and correct some of the faults and frustra works. He staged Hawaiian pageants, l ... wfully resident aliens in this country. tions of the Refugee Relief Act. designed the colorful Polynesian cos· I call this measure "the family reuni Mr. Speaker, the proposed legislation tumes and stage sets. fication immigration bill." is a step in the right direction and a In 1928 Blanding originated Hawaii's One of the basic tenets of our immigra laudable beginning. We are faced with famed Lei Day, which is celebrated an tion policy and immigration laws a pressing situation and it should be nually on May 1 and has become an in throughout the years has always been dealt with promptly. It cannot wait un· ternationally noted event. One of Ha- . the principle o! uniting families. It is til we have had a thoughtful and com· waii's most delightful festivals and the logical and humanitarian. It makes for plete reexamination of our immigration only one of its kind in the world, it is better citizenship. It makes sense. policy. For this reason, I strongly urge dedicated to the lei as a symbol of Ha I am not the original author of this that action be taken on this measure at waii's hospitality, aloha, and wealth of bill. That credit belongs to our distin· the earliest possible moment during the beauty. guished colleague from Pennsylvania, the current session of Congress, and thus Travelers from all over the world came Honorable FRANCIS E. WALTER, who is the save these families needless hardships to witness its annual celebration. chairman of the House Immigration and long delays. B.ecause he knew Hawaii and her peo Subcommittee. His bill is based on the ple so well, Don Blanding loved them traditional American principle of uniting both. families. In introducing this measure, A dozen volumes of his verse attest to our colleague has shown that he pos Don Blanding this love and understanding which he sesses a keen understanding of the prob· tried to communicate to the world. But, lems and devotion to the best ideals in EXTENSION OF REMARKS he rhymed, it was not enough to read his American life. poems in order to become one with the OF gentle peoples of Polynesia. In Vaga Mr. Speaker, I want to take this oppor HON. JOHN A. BURNS bond's House, Blanding warned, you will tunity to extend my sincerest congratu- · never know Hawaii: lations to Congressman WALTER for his DELEGATE FROM HAWAII 'Til you've seen the lunar rainbow's phantom wise action in this matter. In fact, I IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES am going a step further in associating arch across the blue Tuesday, June 1i, 1957 And having watched the Southern Cross myself with his action by introducing his dip in the sea; bill in order to give it added strength. I Mr. BURNS of Hawaii. Mr. Speaker, 'Til the singing boys have stabbed your heart hope this will encourage others in Con the people of Hawaii and his friends in with music through and through gress to do likewise by associating them every part of the world mourn today the 'Til you've raced the silver surf at Waikiki. selves with Congressman WALTER in his unexpected passing of Don Blanding, Don Blanding was in every sense of efforts to unite these families. poet laureate of Hawaii, who died on that meaningful Hawaiian word a true Briefty, the bill provides that relatives June 9 in Los Angeles. kamaaina, son of Hawaii. of United States citizens and lawfully His love of adventure and his lust for He left to the people of Hawaii, and to resident aliens, who are eligible for sec- life led him to many parts of the world. all of us, a legacy of the love of laughter . ond and third preferential status under He fought under foreign :flags in revolu and beauty, of wisdom and wit. With the Immigration and Nationality Act, tionary wars; in World War I he was a him go the appreciation, the love and the shall be admitted as nonquota immi pilot in France. He established his rep deep aloha of all that knew him. grants. This applies specifically to utation in New York as an artist and in· parents, wives, and children under the terior decorator and poet, but his spirit· age of 21 of such citizens and resident ual home, until the day of his untimely aliens. It is these people, these sepa· death, remained in the islands. Dedication of Altoona (Pa.) Memorial rated families, whom this bill would unite No matter where he pursued his rest without any quota charge. less talents it was always to Hawaii and K4 Steam Locomotive at Horseshoe I am informed that the total number to the people of Hawaii, for whom he had Curve on the Pennsylvania Railroad of people involved in this bill, and by an overwhelming affection, that he re· that I · mean the number of people turned. System ~broad who would be eligible for admit Donald Benson Blanding was born 62 tance to this country if this bill is adopt years ago on his father's ranch in King. EXTENSION OF REMARKS ed, is estimated at about 17,000 to fisher, Okla. The world beckoned and OF 19,000. Of these, about 11,000 would be at the age of 17 Don left Oklahoma, never from Italy, and the remainder from to return. Soon thereafter he was fight HON. JAMES E. VAN ZANDT Greece and other European countries. ing in the small wars of revolt plaguing OF PENNSYLVANIA These are mostly people who had ap the Central American Republics at that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES plied for entry to the United States un time. When World War I came he be· der the Refugee Relief Act of 1953, but Tuesday, June 11, 1957 came a military pilot and flew with the Mr. VAN ZANDT. Mr. Speaker, on for various reasons remained behind American forces in France. Returning when the breadwinner of the family Saturday, June 8, 1957, it was my privi came here first to establish firm eco to the United States after the armistice, lege to participate in the dedication of a nomic roots. In the meantime, the Ref he paused in New York. There he wit· K4 steam locomotive as a memorial to ugee Relief Act expired at the end of nessed an event which was to alter his the long history of faithful service of last year and the families remained sep life and shape the course of his destiny. steam locomotives and those who built arated and stranded. In most instances This was his attendance of a revival of and operated them over the Nation's they were from Italy and Greece, and the stage production Bird of Paradise, ribbons of steel. the quotas of these two countries are whose locale was the exotic .South Seas This K4 steam locomotive No. 1361 heavily oversubscribed so that no other islands. That night, Blanding has told was presented to the city of Altoona by 8880 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 'June 11 the. Pennsylvani:a Ra.tn:uad Ca. u a per• Howcnrer, 11he- steam looomotlve which ·was. . nanee- cost& tha~ 1nd1cate-1t could prove tcr manent monument to the. his.tori'C part- to serve as a model for many years was not be the locomotive of' tomorrow. hip b.- ~ ...... tho developed unt111B29. Speaking of tomorrow; mrd mindful of the ners c"ween. IILlD comm.tmlu.r,. · . . 'Tlreref'ore, it- 11J proper to say that thts !act we are lfving 1h the nuclear age, one ~ay railroad, and the iron horse~ K4S locomotive; No. 1361,. bui'lt 1n the Penn,- · find 10 to 15 years from now atomic-powered Old No. 1361 was one of the' earliest . sylvania Railroad shops l;>y the 1ngermity and: . locomotiv.es that depend on. a small ch""rge of the 350 K4's built at Alto.ona, Pa, It- the handS of Altoona. residents. wtll stand of atomic fuel in a nuclea11 reactor smaller was placed in sendee May 18~ 191~ and for lears to come aS' a monument to the era. than a good-sized trunk, capable of provid for more than 35- years it· hauled tra.ins' of steam locomotives. ing enough energy to power the locomotive of the great Pennsy: passenger fleet. over History t~Is us tha.t back in the year 1829 . a distance equal to more than once a.roun4 the mainline between New York Harris- , t~e locomotive, that was to serve as a model the earth at the Equator: . h C f for many years, was the famous Rocket At, this moment, five of t1ie Natfon's larg b d P·ttsbur tl ' . 0 ·t ~g, an I g · oun ess.: Is b~ilt by the Stephensons in England. It· est railroads1 together with some half dozen tnps wer~ ~ound the famed ho~seshoe: weighed but 5 tons and was the first locomo- large manufacturing- coJ:pOrations, are spon curve which I& one of the greattrmmphs tive with a horizontal tubular boiler. soring the. construction. of the atomic-pow- of railroad engineeFing. When old 1361 Burning wood for- fuel:, it hauled 38 car- ered locoma.tive. was finally retired t0 make way: for the riages, wtth a total of 90 tons weight, at a _This locomotive. wUI generate as much modern diesel No. 1361, it had rolled up sgeed of from 12 to 15. miles per hour~ Under steam as the biggest conventional steam loco nearly 2% million miles~the equivalent- favorable conditions, and if the carriages m.otive. now on the rails. ~stead of steam f ly tripS' around the world. were unloaded, the speed could be increased · being produced by coar or ml, se-veral pounds O near 100 . _ tct 28 miles an hour. of' uram.ium will do the job. K4 locomotive No~ 1361 IS an espe- From about 1830 recomotives were Amer- Yes: trm.e marches on. ciall:V appropriate- memorial for the city lean built, the fi;st being Peter Cooper's rn i8o4 the steam locomotive was born~ of Altoona, Pa., where 5 geaerations of Tom Thumb, whiclr weighed less. than 1 ton. Then came the ~iesel electric locomotive, skilled workmen built a total of 6., 783 ·In December 1830', the locomotive n!3-med followed by the gas turbine locomotive. And steam locomotives for tlle- Pennsyivania "Best Friend" was built in· New York City no.w the atomic-powered locomotive is "just Railroad a·nd started regular service on the Charles- around the corner: '~ • . ton & Hamburg Railroad. It. was the first ·Truly, in dl*iicating this Pennsylva.nla The followmg program ~arked the locomotive to haul a train of cars in regul'ar Railroad K4S locomotive, No. 1361,. we give dedication of the K-4. memoria! locomo~ service. lasting recognition to. one of the mos1: excit tive during which time I delivered an The first coal-burning locomotive-was buUt ing chapters in the history of the railroad address on the historical development of in 1852. industry. the steam locomotive: From that ttnre untir tlie turn of the cen- .At the same time we pay a marke.d tribute tury, improvements were made, until loco- of respect and' esteem to railroad employees PROGRAM motives with 6 pair of driving wheels, weigh- who built these· locomotrves and those who Presiding,. Hnward W ~ Lindaman. director. 1ng over 100,000 pounds and burning coal manned them as they traveled countless of water, parks,. and· public property, city of were developed for heavy duty railroad traffic. nl.iles over ribbons of steeL Altoona. During this same. peJ:fodr air.-brak.e equip- .May .. Old 13.61" also prove a con.stant re- Music, massed bands~ Altoona public and ment was developed, together with track minder. not only of the greatness of the parochial schools. tank and .scoop far t~.king water .on t.~ders. A:t;nerica o.f· yes.tet-day, but also of the strong, National Anthem. Among the inventions of: the period. was the m_odern America of tomorrow-as time Flag-raising, color guard, Blair-Bedford · automatic c.o.upleL The first bituminous marches on. Counc.il, Boy Scouts of America. Invocation, Rev. Cedric. Tilberg, First coal-burning locomotive made its appear- · · ------anc~ · Lutheran Church. Beginning in 1900, locomotives. became Address by Hon. Clifford P. Case, of Presentation, Fennsylvania. Railro!"'d, larger and more powerful. Their designs George R. Weav.eJ:,. assistant manager, hea~y . were- different, and their hauling power and New Jersey, at Rollins College, Winter repair shops; Walter W. Patchell, vice presi speed were increased. dent, research and development; Morton S. In 1939, locomotives equipped for both. . -Park, Fla. Smith, vice president and regional manager. freig)l..t and passenger service continued to ' Acceptance, Mayor Robert W. Anthony; become larger and to keep pace with the Deborah Hersperger, kindergarten. Adams EXTENSION OF REMARKS march of· time-they were streamlined from 011' School; Martin Hughes, Jr., first grade, Holy coupler to coupler. Rosary School. Prayer of ded1cation, Rabbi Nathan K:aber, The last steam locomotive, built by the · HON. H. ALEXANDER SMITH Temple Beth Israel. · American Locomotive Co., was completed· in OF NEW JERSEY 1948, after 97 years of continuous production. . IN 'TilE SENATE OF 'TilE UNITED STATES Remarks, the Honorable James E. Van · Since that date, this plant and other out- Zandt. standing locomotive producers has converted Tuesday._ June 11, 1957 Benediction, Rev. Father John P. Manning, . to full-scale diesel electric production. St. Leo's Church. 'The year 1950 marked the end of commer- Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. Pres~ Taps, Kenneth Woodring, WU11am Mackey. cially built steam Iocomottves for mainline !dent, on F.riday, June. 7, at the com Civic committee: Howard W. Lindaman, service in the United States, and the switch- mencement exercises of Rollins College, cha.iman; Mrs. Samuel Albright, Miss Helen over of railroad power to other forms, prin- Winter Park, Fla., my colleague, the Barclay, Thomas Bloom, Robert W. Boyer, cipally diesel, had its beginning. distinguished junior Senator from New FTancilr T. Brown, Dr. A. Bruce Denniston, The first diesel electric-powered train was · Jersey [Mr. CASE] received an honorary Geo:~:ge P. Gable, Robert L. Hite, J. E;. Holt zinger, Mrs. LynJ?. Hunter, Will Ketner, H. L. ~~;s!:O~~:c:~~~i~~~ z;h~~·":~h ~;~~t degre~ and delive~ed _the address of the Kimble, David M. Langkammer, Mrs. Haro~d one-fourth the size and one--flfth the weight occas.10n. I ask unammous consent that McCullough, Rev. E'r.ancis . A. McNelis, Mrs. of the steam engine of the same horsepower · his address be printed in the RE€ORD. Matilda. Madden, Dr. Fred Miller, Louis H. in 1933. Tl'le first diesel for road freight was There being· no objection, the address Murray,..Ed.war.cr Gcala, a: F. Schick, Lawrence put into service in 1941 by the ffil.nta Fe · was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, Schrenk, Mrs. Luke Sill, Capt. William Railroad. as follows: Stephens, Roy Thompson, G. R. Weaver, . Thus the trend toward complete dieseliza- . Gerald P. Wolf, Hon. James E. Va.n Zandt~ tibn was marching forward'. From the early ADDRESS' DELIVERED BY SENATOR CASE OF NEW 1940's to the present time, many improve JERsEY ON THE OCCASION OF RECEIPT 011' AN ments have· been made 1n railroad motive HONORARY DEGREE OF DOCTOR 011' LAWS AT REMARKS OP THB HONORABLE JA114ES. E. VAN ~THE . ROLLINS COLLEGJi: COMli/IENCEliiiEN'll, ZANDT, MEMBER OF CONGRESS, 20TH DIS• power. .Not only have the power and speed of the .WINTER PARK, FLA., JuNE. 7, 1957 TRICT 011' PENNSYr.VANIA, AT THE DEDICATION d~esel be.e.n increased considerably, but also One of the great issues of our time is CEREMONIES OF TH.E K-4 LOCOMQTIVE AT T.HE e!ectric motors have been installed and gas posed by the development of nuclear and HORSESHOE CWVE, ALTOONA, PA., JUNE 8 1957 turbine electric- power has been developed. thermonuclear weapons of truly awful ca Challengfng tile present diesel electric era., pacity. We have created forces capable of This 1s an hlstor1c occasion. of railroad motive power is the gas turbine destroying all living things. We cannot al My c.ontribution to. this program. is locomotiv& equipped with a 20,000-ga.Uon lo'W a situation to arise, or circumstances to summed up in the well-known saying. Time tender, supplementing the 7,500 gallons of develop~ in which we ar& a.t. the mercy of Marches On. fuel carried in the locomotive body tanks. · such. forces instead of in command of them. Yes;- time has m11.rehed on, because it' was This gas turbine locomotive is capable of We can, and we must, keep them under 1n the year 1804 when a steam locomotiva. tnaveling almost 1,500 miles without refuel- · conscious control. · was de~lopecl which cou!d haul loada over ing, This type of locomoti-ve provides oper- This- means first of all,. I believe, that we a fiXed track. - 8.!1ng_ improvements a~d decreased ~ainte- . _ CS?not 1_'-~o:d to _r~ly wholly, or allno~t 195-7 CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD:..:..:. HOUSE '8881' wholly, on the. th,reat of unlimited nuclear base for later · steps~ Tlius 'the· neW's · r&-. ·at attention. The enaplaiil o! the senat~ retaliation for the defense of ourselves or ports indicate our representatives are ex;. 'the Reverend. Frederick Brown Harris, of the the Free Worlc:h - Either we keep ourselves '-ploring such possib111ties as establishment 'Methodist :Caith, spoke o! Senator Joe Me~ prepared to fight little as well as big wars, of mutual aerial inspection zones and some -earthy's great courage in exposlng-"cunning and 1n various parts of the viorld, or we ·measure of ground inspection. some liml· foes who plot the betrayal of our freedom." may face a choice between slow strangula..._ 'tation on the testing of at least the largei' 'The Reverend William J. Ewalt, who married. tion by gradual Communist encroachment :n:uclear devices as well as of ·nuclear stock Senator McCarthy just 4 years ago, read. the and unleashing an allout thermonuclear :pnes through the diversion of future output 'Catholic serVice· of sorrow for the dead, and catastrophe. And it is generally agreed that ·of fissionable material to peaceful uses. In 'hope for their triumphant entry into theit in such catastrophe the chances of ours~ addition, there are suggestions· looking to heavenly home. · vival would be negligible. ward reduction. in con:ventional arms and · I am not going to speak to you about In the second place, it confronts us with forces. "Senator Joe McCarthy's great fight to un• the question, no le_ss d11Hcult but equally It has been suggested that our policy up cover the secret enemies of our country, nor of essential importance--Is there no way in to now has been to consider no agreement ·of the way his life was destroyed by the which we can put an end to the sterile and which was not. to our net security advan ·venomous, vengeful, unremitting attacks of sensely competition in weapons of total de tage. I doubt that this is in fact a true his foes. You know the story. struction? statement if by it is meant that we would ' I wish to speak today about the Senate. Deep concern 'as to the possible hazards consider no· agreement unless we believed it There were 40 Republicans and 37 Dem~ to our own and to future generati

Senator KNOWL~ND . .No; but if you were pect a fair quld pro quo. Secondly, I think Senator KNOWLAND. I have no plans at the taking country by country, if he was willing we have a right, based on the undisputed present time. As I announced before, when to test whether the people of these captive record of Soviet violations of their treaty obli this session is over I intend to return to nations really liked· communism and felt it gations in the past, to make sure that what California, to get over the State from the was a paradise as he visions it, why, then, ever is agreed to, can be effectively inspected. Oregon line to the Mexican border, a dis maybe we could try and say- that we would Mr. CRONKITE. Senator, if I may change the tance of about 1,000 miles to consult with be willing to withdraw our forces from, let subject at the moment with the agreement of the people of California and following that, us say, Greece, so that we would try coun you gentlemen, most of our competitors for I will make a decision. try by country and let's see how it works world markets are about to resume trade with Mr. LAWRENCE. But you WOUld be-what out. Red China. You have been an outstanding 1s the purpose of this survey trip? Get re Mr. BANCROFT. Senator KNOWLAND, have spokesman for Nationalist China and for For acquainted with your State? you had any reply from this letter? mosa, for the policies of alliance with them - Senator KNoWLAND. No, I generally get Senator KNowLAND. No; I have not be in the past. Do you think that the time out there after every sesssion to acquaint cause the letter was just written on Satur might be ripe now for us to review our poli them with some of the problems here in day. cies toward Red China trade? Washington. It will be partiallly that and Mr. BANCROFT. When did you write the Senator KNOWLAND. I think on all foreign partially to have a chance to talk with the letter? policy, no one can freeze their thinking and people of California regarding 1958. Senator KNOWLAND. Just yesterday. you have to, obviously, deal with the facts as Mr. LAWRENCE. You are aware, of course, Mr. CRONKITE. Senator, a moment ago, in they exist and as they change from time to that a great many people are talking about discussing disarmament you seemed a little time. Personally, I think it is a mistake un you running for governor? less optimistic about the sincerity of the der existing world conditions to open up the Senator KNOWLAND. I am aware that Cali Russians in this particular case than do t rade of strategic materials with Communist fornia will elect a governor and a United Secretary of State Dulles and Harold Stas China. States Senator in 1958, and I think they sen. · Do you feel that they are too opti Now, there is argument sometime as to will elect a Republican governor and a Re mistic? what strategic materials are, but in the recent publican Senator. Senator KNOWLAND. They are more opti British announcement it indicated that lo Mr. SHEPLEY. Senator, may I pursue that mistic than I am. I certainly wish them comotives, trucks, perhaps entire rubber in question just a little bit? People also say every luck. There is no man in the world dustrial plants would be shipped. To me that the reason you are interested in the today and the people of Russia must under they are strategic and to the British Board governorship is because it would considera stand this, there is no man in the world of Trade they may not be. I, sometime ago, bly enhance your chances for the Republi· today more devoted to peace than is President during the Korean war, I told a British friend can nomination for the Presidency. Can Eisenhower. He will take any honorable of mine that I would be perfectly willing to you tell us now whether you are interested steps to try and gain a real peace in the a-ccept the proscribed list of the British or in the Republican nomination for the Pres world and try and gain a limitation of arma ders-in-council of World Wars I and II if idency? ments, but I think the Government and the there was any dispute as to what would help Senator KNOWLAND. 1960 is a long ways people of the United States have a right, in an unfriendly country. off and the bridge of 1958 in any event view of the unbroken record of violations of Now, we have to keep in mind that Commu would have to be crossed first. I believe the their prior agreements, to. insist, as Senator nist China only has a truce in Korea. There record of this administration is such that JoHNSON said on yesterday, that there be is not a peace treaty yet in regard to that the American people w111 elect a Republi· some ironclad guaranties, some brassbound country. They have violated the armistice can administration in 1960. guaranties, that this is not just going to be terms in Korea; they have violated the armis Mr. SHEPLEY. You are not saying that some words without any deeds following it tice terms in southeast Asia; they are still you are not a candidate for the Presidency? up, and I just don't believe that the Soviet holding American civilians in Communist Senator KNOWLAND. No, I am not at this Union has any intention of agreeing. to an prisons in violation of their pledged word at point making any statement in regard to effective system of inspection, and without Geneva just a year and a half or 2 years ago; 1960. I have no crystal ball that looks that it, I think we would jeopardize the security they are still making threats to take over far in advance. of this Nation and perhaps the freedom of Formosa by force of arms. In these condi Mr. CRONKITE. Senator, I don't think you the entire Free World if we merely took their tions, to build up a potential aggressor in need a crystal ball for this one. In March word without insisting on effective guar that area of the world, it seems to me to be 1956, you said-that was, of course, during anties. as imprudent as the businessmen who were the primary periods before the last elec Mr. SHEPLEY. On that point, Senator, what willing, for dollars, to ship scrap metal and oil tion-you said that the party must be uni 1s your understanding of the status of the to the war lords of Japan in 1939, in 1940, fied and greater representation must be disarmament talks between Mr. Stassen and and early 1941, that came back at us, at our given in the campaign, if possible, and the Russian delegate in London? battle fleet at Pearl Harbor on the morning afterward certainly, to the Taft wing of the Senator KNOWLAND. So far as I know there of December 7. Republican Party. You feel that those con have been preliminary conversations with I hope those that are pursuing this course ditions have been met? our allies first, so that they would under don't find that the end result is the same. Senator KNowLAND. Well, I had reference stand some of the proposals that the Govern Mr. CRONKITE. According to Mr. Lawrence's particularly to the campaign of 1956 at the ment of the United States has in mind. I esteemed publication, in a report today some time. I think that throughout the country, have no doubt there have been preliminary of your own constituents are urging that members of all groups in the Republican discussions with Soviet representatives. I course, importers and exporters in the San Party were taken into the campaign organ am not in a position to go into any details of Francisco area. ization. I think in the various State or it nor do I have any up-tO-the-minute latest Senator KNowLAND. Yes; some of them ganizations they did not discriminate be information. dealt in sending scrap iron and oil to the tween one Republican and another. Per Mr. SHEPLEY. Is it your understanding Japanese war lords, too, but I think they sonally, I Clon't believe 1n hyphenated that these safeguards and controls of which have lived to regret it and I think the coun Republicanism. I have said before I am a you have just spoken are, indeed, part and try learned and lived to . understand that Republican-period. I think the label "Re parcel of the new American proposals? that was a shortsighted policy. For tempo publican" 1s sufficiently broad that men Senator KNowLAND. I believe that to be rary profit, this Nation was endangered and may have honest differences of opinion and the case. I believe that that has been the a potential enemy was built up so he could still consider themselves as Republicans position of our Government in the past. I make war, drive us out of most of the without having to hyphenate the term. have no reason to believe they would change Pacific, overrun all of China and get down Mr. CRONKITE. You mean modern Repub· it. I think "it would be a very serious mis and knock on the doors of Australia. licanism? take to merely take the Soviet word without Mr. LAWRENCE. Senator, I wonder if I could Senator KNoWLAND. Well, any kind of pre effective guaranties, and I don't believe that ask you a few questions of a domestic char fix to a Republican, I don't think is neces either Democrats or Republicans in or out acter. You announced some time ago that sary. I think in and of itself it tends to be of the Congress would support a proposal you would not be a candidate for reelection divisive and anything which divides our that merely gave us another scrap of paper in 1958. party I think is a mistake. with the signature of the Soviet Union with Senator KNOWLAND. Yes; that announce Mr. CRONKITE. You think 'that the present out some effective guaranties on it. ment still stands and I have no intention leadership of the party, under Chairman Mr. SHEPLEY. Well, sir, both the President of changing it. Meade Alcorn, is giving adequate representa and Mr. Khrushchev have mentioned a gen Mr. LAWRENCE. Well, I was about to say tion to the so-called Taft wing of the party? eral agreement with the proposition of going that some of my friends in California tell · Senator KNOWLAND. I believe so. I have on with some initial step, some first thing me that your friends, quite a few of them, great confidence in Mr. Alcorn. I think he first without awaiting an entire disarma are urging you to change it. did -an outstanding job as chairman of the ment package. Do you have any idea what Senator KNOWLAND. There has been some arrangements committee. Having served on that first initial step might be? suggestion, but I have written to them and the national committee and on the arrange Senator KNOWLAND. No; and I have no par told them that my decision is going to re ments committee when I was on the na ticular objection to trying it piecemeal, be main what it was. tional committee, I think I know something cause we are not going to solve all the prob Mr. LAWRENCE. Well, what will be your about the problems. His going out to the lems of the world at one sitting, so to speak, future political role, if any? Do you have grassroots has been highly helpful. It has but I do believe that we have a right to ex- any plan to run for governor? given people a chance to express themselves, ·sss& CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE June 12 and 1- iblnk Mr. Aleorn ia -to- be- comm&ncled lntenst rate that the Pederal Governmen• Senator KMOWLA:tm. I thi:nll we are ahead 1n the Job he 1s trying to do. is able to borrow funds, and this would no:~ of them. I think the iree enterprise system Mr. LAWRENCE. Senator, let'a go back if we get into the difficulties that might follow and free governments will keep ahead of may to this business af cWierences of opinion grants-in-aid. where the Federal GQvemment them and that 1s one reason why I have op which you mentioned just a. moment aga. ultimately would w;ant controls. posed giving American :financial aid to the Now- the President made a speech em F:riday, Mr. CRONKITE. Senator, getting back to nations behind the Iron Curtain. Khru this National Republican Conference, in more specific political-type questions, 1f we shchev says w~ are 1n a great struggle be which he said, among other things, that it may. How widespread do you believe th& tween Marxian socialism and the free world. was tbe duty of Republican leaders in the disenchantment is among the conservative< Now I think we can win that struggle. but I Congress and in the party to see to it that: Republlcana over the Eisenhower budget? don't think we can win it if we tax the Amer the platform pledges of 195.6 were enacted Senator KNOWLAND. I think there has been ican people to support Commu.nlst economic into law and that men should not let pref concern throughout the country. 1 think and political systems and that is why I am erence for detail or differences about detail the grassrcots. confe:rences to which we re opposed to ta:kmg the taxpayers' money to between them and the adminis.tration keep ferred that Mr. Alcorn has had, has indi bolster up Communist systems in nations them from carrying out these platform cated that there is a feeling that every which are allied under the Warsaw pact pledges. Now you have o!ten disagreed with effort should be made by the Congress with where they are under occupation of Seviet the President on vital and important matters. cmt hurt to our national defense, to reduce forces. We know under the Marshall plan Senator KNOWLAND. I know of no basic the $71.8 billlon budget, and personally.. and under the subsequent mutual aid, why platform pledges upon which I differ mate I believe the budget should be reduced. have we put these funds In? In our mutual It rially from the President. As a matter o:C 1 believe the Congress will reduce It by at interest. has been to strengthen the eco fact, according to Congressional Quarterly, least $3 billion. I favor them doing that nomic systems of free nations of the world. I stand among the six highest Republicans, and I think that will be done at this ses Why? Because that strengthens their polit· percentagewise, in support of the President's sion of Congress, and can be done without leal systems. That strengthens their defen harm to our national defense. sive capabilities and I have heen for it. program, both domestic and foreign, with Now, if you take the opposite sfde of that. the percentage, I think, of 89 percent. Thera Mr. BANCROFT. Senator KNOWLAND, On that coin .. if we make the people living under are three others who have that percentage. $3 billion, do you count in that, then $27'2 communism happy, if we make communism There are 2 that have 100 percent. But out billion out of defense? flf that 6, we are the top 6 out of 47. a success, we in turn, strengthen the war r Senator KNOWLAND. No; I don't believe the making potential of Communist nations and think that is a pretty good batting average~ 'Ultimate defense budget will have as deep a I am opposed to doing that with the funds. Mr. LAWRENCE. Well, I did not really mean eut as the House proposed. cf the American people. to put that into the personal sense of a quar Mr. BANCROFT. But you are now supporting Mr. SHEPLEY. Are you satisfied that we are rel between you and the President, but I virtually all of the foreign aid program, are doing enough on our own in the way of edu was getting at this business of getting the you not? cating scientists and in the way of pro- · platform enacted into law, and the duty of Senator KNowLAND. Yes; I voted to report ducing for the common enjoyment of our the leadership to see that it is done. What the foreign aid authorization bill from the own people, and for the rest of the Free are the chances of the school-aid program Foreign Relations Committee on Friday, and World? going through this session, the way the I believe that the bill. that has come out has Senator KNOWLAND. I think we are doing a President wants it? been substantially a good bill. It did cut great deal. I thing we can do more because Senator KNOWLAND. There are lots of about $225 mllllon off the original request I never want to see us get into a secondary problems connected with the school-aid which I think is modest and I think is sup position vis-a-vis the Soviet Union or any of. legislation. In th.e first place, Democratic portable. The matter, of course, still goes the Communist states. leadership has indicated that that will not to the House and then to conference and then Mr. LAWRENCE. Senator, one quick ques- be taken up until after the civil-rights leg the appropriation bllls will have to follow. 1ion. As a Member of Congress, will you try islation is disposed of; depending on what Mr. SHEPLEY. Stmator KNOWLAND, before we to do anything to stop this loan to Poland happens on the civil-rights legislation, may finish I would like to return to some of the which the administration is now negotiat depend on whether the so-called Powell questions raised by Communist boss Khru tng? amendment is offered to the aid-to-educa shchev last week. One of his major points Senator KNoWLAND. We can't stop the one tion bill. Some people believe that if that was that the Soviet Union, the first Com that has already been given, but on the Ap was added in the House or in the Senate. munist experiment on the earth, in the pe propriations Committee I think a limitation that might kill the legislation. There ar& I'iod of some 40 years, has been catching up in the appropriation bill would be effective, various alternatives that have been sug with the world's greatest productive nation, and I don't believe as long as they are under gested... Some favor, as you know, grants the United States. He made the point that Soviet occupation, that American taxpayers .)ust to the needy States; some want to ex they have been catching up in production of should be asked to support Communist po milk and butter which he said they would litical and economic systems. pand it to grants to States whether they reach our level, per capita, next year; meat are needy or not, which is far beyond the fn 1960. Soviet statistics are dubious at Mr. BANCROFT. I am afraid that is all the purview of the President's original recom time we have, and Senator KNOWLAND, many best, but we do know that they have created' thanks for coming here today to Face the mendation; some believe that the needy atomic weapons and hydrogen weapons and States could be amply taken care of with Nation, and our thanks also to today's panel that they have jet airplanes that can fiy of newsmen: William H. Lawl'ence of the New out grants, but with a kind of educational across the ocean and reach our own coun York Times, Walter Cronkite of CBS News, RFC funds where needy school districts· try. I would like to know whether you have and James Shepley of Time and Life. This had difficulty in fioating their bonds or given any thought t<> the general proposition in Griffing Bancroft substituting for Stuart floating them at a reasonable Interest rate of how we stand In the competition with the Novins. We invite you to join us again next might borrow from the Federa~ Government Soviet Union and whether we are doing, week for another edition of Face the Na to repay the entire amuunt and have no enough to keep our own country ahead of tion. Our program today originated in ebllgatlons otherwise to them, at the same them in the important regards. Washington.

Thy changeless love that we may find COMMITTEE MEETINGS DURING SENATE inner sustenance, wells of living water to SENATE SESSION restore our souls, courage in battling for WEDNESDAY~ JUNE 12, 1957 On request of Mr. JoHNSON of Texas, the truth, and serenity under strain. and by unanimous consent, the Commit The Senate met at 9:30 o'clock a.m. Steel our hearts for the austere dis tee on Rules and Administration and The Chaplain, Rev. Frederick Brown ciplines of self-control, and grant us the the Subcommittee on Government Con Harris, D. D., offered the following power and the purpose to match. great tracts of the Committee on Government prayer: needs with great deeds. Operations were authorized to meet dur We ask it in the Redeemer's name. ing the session of the Senate today. Our Father, God, in whose eternal Amen. On request of Mr. JOHNSON of Texas, peace our fretful, restless spirits are and by unanimous consent, the Subcom quieted-the fierce tempests sweeping mittee on Public Lands of the Commit across our divided world have left us THE JOURNAL tee on Interior and Insular Affairs and weary with watching and guarding the On request of Mr. JoHNSON of Texas, the Subcommittee on Antitrust and ramparts of freedom. These testing and by unanimous consent, the Journal Monopoly of the Committee on the Judi· times have found out our every weakness. of the proceedings of Tuesday, June 11, ciary were authorized to hold a joint In the midst of bewilderment and per 1957, was approved, and its reading was meeting during the session of the Senate plexity we turn to the infinite calm of dispensed with. today.