Check List 10(6): 1514–1519, 2014 © 2014 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (available at www.biotaxa.org/cl) Journal of species lists and distribution

n Gyrodontium sacchari

istributio geographic distribution(Spreng.: Fr.) Hjortstam (, D ) in America: New records and its 1* 2 3 4 5

raphic Gerardo L. Robledo , Orlando Popoff and Cony Decock g

eo , Ernesto M. Giorgio , Clovis R. P. Franco G

n Argentina. o 21 Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal-CONICET, Laboratorio de Micología, CC 495, CP 5000, Córdoba,

otes 3 Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones “Dra. María Ebe Reca”, Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Ruta 12 Km 7 N 4 1/2. Campus Universitario, CP 3300, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina. Corrientes,Universidade Argentina. Federal de Sergipe, Departamento de Biologia (CCBS), São Cristóvão, CEP 49043-612, Sergipe, Brazil. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (UNNE-CONICET). Sargento Cabral 2131, CC 209, CP 3400, Corrientes,

5 Mycothèque de l’Université [email protected] de Louvain (MUCL, BCCMTM), Earth and Life Institute—Microbiology (ELIM), Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2 bte L7.05.06, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. * Corresponding author. E-mail: Abstract: Gyrodontium sacchari Argentina, Brazil, and French Guiana. A geographic distribution map of the species in America and a discussion on its pattern of distribution are presented. (Spreng.: Fr.) Hjortstam is reported from two new areas of northwest and northeast

DOI: 10.15560/10.6.1514

Gyrodontium sacchari by Wright and Wright (2005) based on a collection dating is a peculiar species in the Ulbr. G. flavidum characterized by a pileate basidiome,(Spreng.: rarely Fr.) resupinate, Hjortstam (Lloyd) D.A. Reid], and originating from Iguazú National Park,back fromparticularly 1981 [BAFC in the 27421, “Plaza identifiedde los Boyeros” as Lower shades, simple-septate hyphae, and small, smooth, thick- Circuit, a locality that no longer exists. Recently, the species walled,with a tuberculate yellowish-brown, to hydnoid dextrinoid hymenophore and incyanophilous olive green was found further south, in the locality of Leandro N. Alem, basidiospores (Hjortstam 1995). Gyrodontium Pat. was Misiones [Argentina, Misiones, Leandro N. Alem, inside of erected with Hydnum henningsii Bres. (1890) as the a decayed, dead, fallen hollow trunk of an angiosperm, 14 generic type species, a later synonym of Hydnum sacchari E.M. Giorgio 20 (CORD)] (Figure 1A–D). Both collectionsJuly 2013, 27°39′12″originated S,from 55°20′10″ Atlantic W, Rain 290 Forest m a.s.l. areas. (above We Spreng.: Fr. (1820) originally described from Guadeloupe. sea level), distributionA list of synonyms with wasrecords provided in America by Hjortstam (Table (1995). 1), Africa The (Hjortstamspecies has 1987; been reportedCarlier et to al have. 2004) a mainly and pantropicalAustralasia Nationaldiscovered Park, another dead specimenfallen trunk in ofthe an Yungas angiosperm, Mountain 8 March Rain (Carlier et al. 2004; Dai 2011; May et al forests of NW Argentina [Argentina, Salta, Anta,Robledo El Rey it was reported also from subtropical and temperate areas 511 & 520 in both hemispheres, in America (Valenzuela. 2003). et alHowever,. 2012), 2005, 24°43′1.5″ S, 64°38″51.5″ W, 886 m a.s.l., et al. reaching their (CORD), southern from thelimits same in individual]. subtropical Both northern types et al. 2010). Argentina.of rain forests are distributed in tropical South America, EuropeThe (Bernicchiadistribution of G. 2007), sacchari Africa in America(Reid 1963), is based and Asia (Sato ecosystems in the last few years (e.g. et the literature that are summarized in Table 1. Besides al. Despite extensive fungal diversity surveys of Brazilian Guadeloupe,on a limited the number type locality, of published the species records is known spread from over , Drechsler-Santos Gugliotta 2008, 2009;et al. 2010; Baltazar Cortellini and Gibertoni Abrahão et2009; al. 2012), Gomes-Silva reports ofand G. Gibertoni sacchari 2009; Gibertoni and Drechsler-Santos 2010; etCuba, al. 2004; Brazil, Wright French and Guiana, Wright Argentina, 2005; Læssøe and Ecuador and Petersen (Maas known from the Atlantic rain forests in the east coast of 2008).Geesteranus Recently, 1966; it wasBononi reported 1988; from Hjortstam Mexico 1995; (Valenzuela Carlier Brazil, where itremain has been scarce. reported The fromspecies the was states previously of Bahia et al. 2012), the northernmost record for the taxon. In this work we report three new records for the species 1988) (Table 1). The most recent updated description of from northern Argentina and one from northeastern the(Maas species Geesteranus is based 1966) on Hjortstam’s and Rio Grande specimen do Sul Hjm (Bononi 16481 Brazil. We present a geographic distribution map of the species with a discussion of its distribution pattern. . G. sacchari in Argentina was published (HjortstamMore recently, 1995) one [Brazil, of us (CF) Sao Paulorecorded state, the Parque species Estadual in the Fontes do Ipiranga, on 16–24 January 1987, K(M) 192677] The first record of 1514 Robledo et al. | Gyrodontium sacchari in America

Table 1. American records of G. sacchari on which the geographic distribution map is based. Herbarium acronyms are according to Thiers (2014). COUNTRY PROVINCE/STATE, LOCALITY ECOSYSTEM – SUBSTRATE REFERENCE VOUCHER Argentina This work Robledo 511 & 520 (CORD) undet. angiosperm Salta Province, Anta Department, El Rey National Park, AtlanticYungas Mountain Rain forest forests – inside – dead of a highlyfallen treedecayed trunk of This work Leandro N. Alem, E.M. Giorgio 20 (CORD) dead fallen hollow tree trunk of undet. angiosperm Misiones Province, Leandro N. Alem Department, Atlantic Rain forest – n/d Wright and Wright (2005) Park, BAFC 27421 MisionesBelize Province, Iguazú Department, Iguazú National P.J. Roberts B222 n/d – on fallen palm Brazil (K108789) e-K HJM Atlantic Rain forest – n/d Hjortstam (1995) 16481 Sao Paulo state, Parque Estadual Fontes do Ipiranga, This work , K(M) 192677 Bahia state n/d Sergipe state, São Cristóvão Atlantic Rain forest – Inside a hole of living tree n/d Bononi (1988) (Three highly nearby locationsMaas Gesteranus marked (1966)with one dot on Rio Grande do Sul state, Lageado, Guaiba and Pareci the map) Costa Rica n/d – Dead snag Obrevo 2084 & 2128 CubaHeredia Province, Sarapiqui, La selva Biological Station, e-NY (NY) T of Hydnum clavarioides Berk. & M.A. Curtis, Wright 238 n/d – Dead wood Hjortstam (1995)

Ecuador (K 67830) TL-11471 n/d Læssøe and Petersen (2008) French Guiana * Orellana Province, Tiputini Field Station, Tropical rain forest – Fallen trunk undet. Carlier et al. (2004) angiosperm Cacao Area, Plateau K (MUCL 42726) This work angiosperm GuadaloupeNouragues Natural Reserve (MUCL 54404) Tropical Rain Forest – Base of living tree, undet. T of G. sacchari Hjortstam (1995) Mexico (UPS) n/d – Leaves of sugar cane Palo Injerto, n/d Valenzuela et al. (2012) Valenzuela 13068 PanamaSonora state, Municipality of Álamos, (ENCB, CESUES) MO

Panama Province, La Chorrera District, La Chorrera n/d – Stem of dead trees ), additional T= holotype, n/d= no data, e-K= K online database at http://apps.kew.org/herbtrack/search, e-NY= C.V. Starr Virtual Herbarium of NYBG at http:// sciweb.nybg.org/science2/VirtualHerbarium.asp, MO = Record at Mushroom Observer (http://mushroomobserver.org/97700?q=1rws8 data on substrate were provided by the collector E. Esquivel, * the two records in French Guiana are marked with one dot on the map. hole of a dead fallen log of an undetermined hardwood Gyrodontium sacchari seems to be distributed throughout Central America and the Caribbean region as contains(Figure 2A),remnants in the of locality Atlantic of Rain Tujubeba Forest (10°56′04.3″in the Brazilian S, area in Figure 4). From this central area, the species 37°11′12.2″ W), São Cristóvão, Sergipe state. This area well as northern coastal areas of South America (circled reaching subtropical areas in both hemispheres (as coastal plains. Even though the material could not be indicatedappears by to arrows have in spread Figure northward4). The presence and in southward Northern properly conditioned to be kept as voucher specimen, we insteadhave the (Figure photographic 2B). record (Figure 2A). On a return trip to that place to find the specimen again, we found a dam Mexico was recently reported from Sierra de Álamos, (Table 1), we present a preliminary distribution map deciduousRío Cuchujaqui forest Biosphere and oak-pine Reserve, forest which (Valenzuela is region et with al. of G.Based sacchari on in all America records (Figure available 4). inIncluded the literature are two diverse ecosystems including xerophilous scrub, tropical records from Costa Rica and Belize, where the species is and/or substrate on which G. sacchari was collected, except 2012). However, there is no information on the ecosystem occurrence in its distribution. purported present based on herbarium records available for altitude, 425 m a.s.l., making it difficult to explainG. sacchari this (Tableat the virtual1) and, online although herbaria we did K notand studyNY. These these herbarium materials specimens were identified by experienced mycologists ArgentinaRegarding to thethe distribution south. The in Southsouthernmost America, limit of spans over the Atlantic Rain Forest reaching northeast distribution.and confirm their identity, we included them because they locality, Table 1). Probably, G. sacchari continues to the north constitute evidence and possible hypothesis of the species distribution seems to be at 30°S near Porto Alegre (Guaiba 1515 Robledo et al. | Gyrodontium sacchari in America

Figure 1. A–D. Macroscopical features of Gyrodontium sacchari in situ. C) Detail

(EM Giorgio 20 CORD). A) Detail of the pilear surface. B) General view of the hymenial surface. D) General view of hymenial surface. Photos by E. M. Giorgio. connecting with the central distribution area, either along the al. et al. coast or through the islands and remnants of Atlantic forest the presence of G. sacchari 2006; Amalfi 2014). Future collecting could reveal its distribution following alongthe Atlantic the distribution Rain Forests of Yungas and occurring in the Caatinga (blue arrow with “?” in Figure 4), forest in Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, and Venezuela. Alternatively, but records are needed to confirm this hypothesis. The new record in the Argentine Yungas is not surprising considering etYungas al. 2000) forest as (blue a possible arrows explanationin Figure 4) mightof the suggests distributional NSDF ofthe different presence origins of the and species constitute in Ecuador. an Andean Yungas corridor forests arefor pattern;(Neotropical in which Seasonal case, Drythe speciesForests) should (Prado be 2000; present Pennington in some characterized by the presence of particular floristic elements for a discussion]. Gyrodontium sacchari could follow this suggested as a way to understand distributions of other several fungal species [see Robledo and Rajchenberg (2007)et fungalintermediate species areas by Romero in Paraguay. et al. (2012).This idea has been previously corridor, as previously shown for other species (Robledo 1516 Robledo et al. | Gyrodontium sacchari in America

Figure 2. A–B. Macroscopical features and habitat of Gyrodontium sacchari Figure 3. A–B. Macroscopical features and habitat of Gyrodontium sacchari in typical hymenophore and the brownish spore print in the pilear surface. B) situ, note the brownish spore print in the pilear surface. B) Close up of recorded in Sergipe Brazil. A) Close up of the basidiome in situ, showing the the hymenophore, recorded showing in French the Guiana white sterile (MUCL margin. 54404. Photos A) General by C. Decock. view by C. Franco. Area of previous record, where a dam is under construction today. Photos

Figure 4. Distribution map of Gyrodontium sacchari main distribution in Central America. Arrows indicate potential distribution routes, see discussion in the text. based on records from Table 1. Main Eco-regions of America are shown. Shaded area indicates the 1517 Robledo et al. | Gyrodontium sacchari in America

The present distribution of G. sacchari illustrated in Figure 4 may not represent its actual distribution in critically reading the manuscript and providing comments. Authors are grateful to Dr. Begoña Aguirre-Hudson, Mycology Assistant at Kew, for efforts. Despite sampling effort being far from enough in Literatureproviding information Cited on specimens. America, but possibly reflects areas of intense collecting Fomitiporia baccharidis comb.

Amalfi, M., G. Robledo and C.Fomitiporia Decock. 2014. Neotropical lineages. Mycological distributionSouth America, pattern. the relatively few records throughout the Progressnov., a little known species10.1007/s11557-014-0995-x from high elevation Andean) forests and distribution area could, in fact, reflect a more restricted Baltazar,its affinities J. and withinT. Gibertoni. the 2009. A checklist of the aphyllophoroid fungi (Basidiomycota) online first. (doi: recorded from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. basidiomata are produced irregularly and/or they are Mycotaxon Based on our field experience, it appears that ). in French Guiana, CD found only two specimens. In the last 109: 439–442 (http://www.mycotaxon.com/resources/ woodfungichecklists/baltazar-v109-checklist.pdf on Pinus spp. in Italy. Mycotaxon 4ephemeral. years, walking For example, repeatedly after along about the10 yearssame of path field in work the Bernicchia, A., E. Savino and S. Pérez Gorjón. 2007. Aphyllophoraceous pdf). 101: 5–8 (http://www. basidiomata of G. sacchari mycotaxon.com/resources/checklists/bernicchia-v100-checklist. Nouragues Natural Reserve, only once we encountered Bononi, V.L. 1988. Hydnoid fungi from Tropical America; pp. 23–28, in: on a big living tree by the side of F. Wolkinger. Aphyllophorales-Symposium, Eisenstadt 1982. Graz, (layon)the track C.I., [French on the Guiana,way to the Municipality Nouragues of inselberg, Regina, Réservetrunk of Austria: Austrian Academy of Sciences. Coniophora Carlier,bimacrospora F.X., A. Bitew, G. Castillo and C. Decock. 2004. Some Coniophoraceae Naturelle des Nouragues, CNRS Inselberg station, track of(Basidiomycetes, Serpula similis Boletales)and Gyrodontium. from Ethiopian Cryptogamie highlands: Mycologie Decock MUCL 54404] (Figure 3A–B). Basidiomata were , sp. nov. and a note on the phylogenetic relationships living tree, unidentified angiosperm, 120 m a.s.l., July 2012, Cortellini Abrahão, M., A. Gugliotta and V.L. Bononi. 2012. Xylophilous 25(3): Agaricomycetes261–275. (Basidiomycota) of the Brazilian Cerrado. Check List the same tree yearly for another two years, basidiomata not observed along the path the year before; and checking ecological conditions to produce basidiomata. for8(6): 2010. 1102–1116 (http://www.checklist.org.br/getpdf?SL023-12).). Dai, Y-C. 2011. A revised checklist of corticioid and hydnoid2008. fungi Additions in China wereConsidering no longer observed. the local The conditions species maywhere require the specificspecies to the knowledgeMycoscience of 52: lignocellulolytic 69–79 (doi: 10.1007/s10267-010-0068-1 Basidiomycetes (Fungi) in had been collected, it could be predicted that the species Drechsler-Santos, E.R., C. Groposo and C. Loguercio-Leite.Mycotaxon ( would be expected in other areas of similar conditions, forests from Santa). Catarina state, Brazil. 103: 197–200 though endemism also exists at local scale. In the case http://www.mycotaxon.com/resources/checklists/drechsler- of G. sacchari, considering its wide distribution through v103-checklist.pdf Drechsler-Santos,the Brazilian E.R.,semi-arid T. Gibertoni, region. A.Mycotaxon Góes-Neto and M.A.Q. Cavalcanti. the Neotropics, its mycelia might be potentially present 2009. A re-evaluation of the lignocellulolytic from checklist.pdf). 108: 241–244 (http:// www.mycotaxon.com/resources/checklists/drechsler-v108- everywhere (where the environmental conditions in Agaricomycetes from the Brazilian Cerrado biome. Mycotaxon unpredictable. Gibertoni, T.B. and E.R. Drechsler-Santos. 2010. Lignocellulolytic a broadThe species sense is exist), mostly while found fructificationsinside the hollowed are more out ). heartwood of decaying dead tree trunks. This may be 111: 87–90 (http://www.mycotaxon.com/resources/checklists/ aphyllophoraceousgibertoni2-v111-checklist.pdf fungi (Agaricomycetes) of the Brazilian Gomes-Silva,Amazonia. A.Mycotaxon C. and T.B. Gibertoni. 2009. Checklist of the ). one of the reasons why the species has been overlooked. Gugliotta, A.M., M. Pereira Fonseca108: 319–322 and V.L.R. (http://www.mycotaxon.com/ Bononi. 2010. Additions to However, as previously mentioned, it has also been theresources/checklists/gomesSilva-v108-checklist.pdf knowledge of aphyllophoroid fungi (Basidiomycota) of Atlantic Mycotaxon (reportedSaccharum on living officinarum trees. L.),It is ainteresting monocotyledonous to note that plant. the ( type collection is the only record on leaves of sugar cane Rainchecklist.pdf Forest ). in São Paulo state, Brazil. 112: 335–338 http://www.mycotaxon.com/resources/checklists/gugliotta-v112- Mycotaxon wasWe canalso infer found that on it a waswooden growing pole onfrom a pile a stilt of leaveshouse inand a Hjortstam, K. 1987. Studies in tropical Corticiaceae (Basidiomycetes) VII. bagasse waste, and not over leaves of standing plants. It Specimens from East Africa, collected by L. Ryvarden. II. corticioid28: 19–37. fungi (Basidiomycotina, Aphyllophorales) from tropical Finally, it cannot be excluded that “cryptic” species are Hjortstam,and subtropical K. 1995. areas. Two newMycotaxon genera and some new combinations of human made environment inG. Frenchsacchari Guiana. has been reported from a wide range of substrates and ecosystems, e.g., on 54: 183–193. involved. At a global scale Kauserud,of Coniophora H., K. Shalchian-Tabrizi arida and C. olivacea and (Boletales) C. Decock. in 2007. North Multilocus America. Pinus sp. in Italy (Bernicchia et al. 2007) and trunks Mycologiasequencing reveals multiple10.3852/mycologia.99.5.705 geographically structured). lineages of Pinus luchuensis et al. . Svampe living2010). It has been shown that a large number of cryptic 1–52. 99: 705–713 (doi: Mayr. in Bonin Islands (Sato Læssøe, T. and J. H. Petersen. 2008. Svampe livet pâ ækvatorProceedings of 58: the species occur in Coniophora DC. (a phylogenetic sister Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Series A clade of Gyrodontium), that were not detected based on Maas Gesteranus, R.A. 1966. Notes on Hydnums III. el al. 2007). A similar Bibliography69(1): 24–36. of Australian Fungi 2. Basidiomycota p.p. & Myxomycota situation could occur with Gyrodontium May,p.p. T.W., (Fungi Milne, of J.,Australia Shingles, S. and R.H. Jones. 2003. Catalogue and morphological characters (Kauserud ecological systems, e.g., Caribbean, Atlanticin South Rain America, forest, , Volume B). Canberra: Australian Biological which has a wide distribution encompassing varied Resources Study. 452 pp. Andean corridor. Pennington,Journal of R.T., Biogeography D.E. Prado and C.A. Pendry. 2000. Neotropical seasonally dry forests). and quaternary vegetation changes. Acknowledgments: Authors are grateful to G. Bertone and A. Bringas 27(2): 261–273 (doi: 10.1046/j.1365- forgotten2699.2000.00397.x ecosystems to a new phytogeographic unit. Edinburgh Prado,Journal D.E. 2000. of Botany Seasonally dry forests of tropical South America: From (CPA CONICET-UNC) for their technical support, to Idea Wild for their ). support with technical equipment, to A. Gil for their support during 57(3): 437–461 (http://journals.cambridge.org/ the development of this work and to Myndel Botanical Foundation article_S096042860000041XKew Bulletin for funding collecting trips to NW Argentina. Dr. K. Nakasone, Dr. N. Reid, D.A. 1963. New or interesting records of Australasian Hallenberg and three anonymous reviewers are kindly acknowledged for Basidiomycetes: V. 17(2): 267–308. 1518 Robledo et al. | Gyrodontium sacchari in America

org/ih. Captured on 21 March 2014. Mycotaxon Robledo,( G.L. and M. Rajchenberg. 2007. South American polypores: first checklist.pdfannotated checklist). from Argentinean Yungas. 100: 5–9 Valenzuela, R., T. Raymundo, C. Decock and M. Esqueda.Mycotaxon 2012. http://www.mycotaxon.com/resources/checklists/robledo-v100- Aphyllophoroid fungi10.5248/122.51 from Sonora,). México 2. New records from Taxonomy, ecology and biogeography of Polypores (Basidiomycetes) Sierra de Álamos–Río Cuchujaqui Biosphere Reserve. Robledo,from G.,Argentinian C. Urcelay, Polylepis L. Domínguez woodlands. and Canadian M. Rajchenberg, Journal of M. Botany 2006. National122: 51–59 Park (doi: (Misiones, Argentina). Boletín de la Sociedad Argentina ). Wright,de BotánicaJ.E. and A.M. Wright. 2005. Checklist of the Mycobiota of Iguazú Rickiella edulis and ). 84(10): 1561–1572 (doi: 10.1139/b06-109 Kurtziana 40(1–2): 23–44 (http://www.scielo.org.ar/pdf/bsab/ Romero,79–90 A., ( G. Robledo, K. LoBouglio and D. Pfister. 2012. ). v40n1-2/v40n1-2a04.pdf its phylogentic relationships within Sarcoscyphaceae. 37(1): in the Boninhttp://www.scielo.org.ar/pdf/kurtz/v37n1/v37n1a08.pdf (Ogasawara) Islands. Ogasawara Research Sato, T., S. Uzuhashi, T. Hosoya and K. Hosaka. 2010. A List of Fungi found 35: 59–160. Received: March 2014 Thiers,Garden’s B. 2014 Virtual [continuously Herbarium. updated]. Accessible Index at Herbariorum: A global Accepted: October 2014 directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Published online: December 2014 http://sweetgum.nybg. Editorial responsibility: Matias J. Cafaro

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