2017-09-21
WEEK 2 Scientific foundation of psychology Unit 3: Biological sciences
Nature: Stable and dynamic
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Charles Darwin 1809 –1882
Charles Darwin 1809 –1882
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Theory of Evolution
As many more individuals of each species can possibly survive, there is a struggle for existence. If it varies in any manner profitable under varying conditions to survive, it will thus be naturally selected. Selected variety will propagate its new and modified form.
Ecological adaptation and evolution
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Competition and the survival the fittest
Competitive advantage: Size
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Competitive advantage: Speed
Competitive advantage: Speed
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Competitive advantage: Power
Competitive advantage: Persistence
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Competitive advantage: Organization
Competitive advantage: Stealth
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Competitive advantage: Differentiation
Competitive advantage: Focus
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Teaming, shoaling, schooling
Marketing
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Part II Environmental changes
Giant meteor
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Dinosaurs
Volcanic eruption
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Ice age: 18,000-15,000 BC
Size
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Speed
Differentiation
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Differentiation
Stealth
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Organization: External threat
Focus
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Clustering: Individual sacrifice
Marketing
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Marketing
But cannot fly…
Homo sapiens
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Part III Environmental changes
Ape family
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Our family tree
Hominoidea Superfamily
Hominidae Hylobatidae Family
Homininae Ponginae Subfamily
Hominini Gorillini Tribe
Homo Pan Gorilla Pongo Hylobates Genus
Our family tree
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Chimpanzee social organization
Dominant alpha male, social aggressive, violent, social hierarchy
Bonobos
Female dominated, egalitarian, nonviolent, matriarchal, sexually active sometimes to help prevent and resolve conflicts
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Bonobos and Chimpanzees
Homo sapiens
Homo sapiens originated in the African savanna around 200,000 BP, inhabiting Eurasia and Oceania by 40,000 BP, and the Americas approximately 20,000 years ago.
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Homo sapiens
Significant morphological changes included: 1. Bipedalism: Walking upright. 2. The power and precision grip. 3. Reduced masticatory system. 4. Reduction of the canine tooth. 5. The descent of the larynx and hyoid bone, making speech possible. 6. Hidden ovulation
Bipedalism
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Precision grip
Reduced masticatory system
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Descent of the larynx
Hidden ovulation
In heat Concealed ovulation
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