^"^ Cbc ^^^ Ootrc Dame Scholastic 'DlSCe-9VA5l-5£mP6ie- VICTVRWS- •VIV£-9VASI- CRA5'IM0ieiT\/Ry.5-

VOL. XXXVI. NOTRE DAME, INDIANA, FEBRUARY 21, 1903. No. 21.

confessions of a just, a candid and a charitable Life. nian, and because of their high, degree of justice, candor and charity, they will be lasting. HENRY EWING BROWN, 02. PHto wrote in his "Republic" that that.state: in which the rulers are the most reluctant to I IFE is divided for us into three, govern is the best and most quietly governed, The is and the was and the j'e: while that state in which the rulers are the - The first is ruled by the other two; most willing is the worst. Marcus Aurelius - What we Avere, what we will be, direct what Ave do. was a philosopher as well" as a king, and he' To the past we look to reflect to-day. governed unwillingly because he loved phi­ What dangers menace our present way; losophy better than dominion. As a Stoic, Past gains and losses afford us light he fortified himself with his school's most' To run the race of the present aright. practical maxims, and whether he was forced > to make campaigns along the upper Danube - The future rules by fear and hope: or fought to put down the Parthian — during Fear of the trials that the widening scope which marches his .scant notes prefacing his 7 Of "our powers will lead us to tempt, and yet, "Meditations" merely ran, "This among the Hope that those trials will be valiantly met. Quadi," or, "This at Carmuntum,"^he always- We look to the past for a present guide. endeavored to follow his own teaching" and And our hope of reward in the future confide; to do.his duty and. not to-trouble himself', And both shall serve to help us know whether his duty lay in.the cold or took.him And fill our mission in life: to grow. .by a good fire;-whether he was overwatched, or satisfied with sleep; .whether he had a good word'or a bad one. True to his stoical belief - Marcus Aurelius. he wrote: "Do your'duty whether you are dying or doing anything else, because this FRANCIS F. DUKETTE,. 02. last must be: doiie at one time or- other." It is the truth of his precepts and the strength . OR centuries quotations from of his example that make Marcus Aurelius- Marcus Aurelius' " Medita­ deserving of consideration. tions" have been of current Marcus Aurelius Antoninus was .the adopted ' worth. The same will be of son of the Emperor Antoninus*. Pius, who current worth for centuries died 161 A.D. .The boy was given the best • to come. The " Meditations " education available, and because of his inclina- ..' lave. been quoted by the churchman as an tion toward philosophy he early took on the;,: evidence of the restlessness of man's soul simple, of the philosopher, and adopted 5- and its dependence on a certain god; they the mode of. life of the strictest philosophical . . have been explained by the Speculative schpol—the jStoic. ;iIn , theory,, the- Stoics i- Schools as indicative of the depth of human maintained that the: wise • man : should- take .•; intellect and of the quality, of pagan virtue. part in politics; but .in practice the life and'' " But wherever quoted, or for whatever pur­ predilections of the Stoics did not tend ;toward-i .1 pose, ,the "Meditations" stand alone as ;the public affairs. Coming,.into power i after-- the^ ;' priceless heritage of the noblest of pagan conquests of Julius- .Gzesar t and Augustus; ^^ emperors.. They are the observations and Marcus Aurelius did not rule/ in. a period ' 334 NOTRE DAMh SCHOLASTIC

opportune either for peace or philosophical that "suggests vividly to us the omnipotent, quiet. Insurrections, were of daily occurrence omniscient Deity of Monotheism." in the many colonies, and treason a matter of The Stoics believed that the individual soul common occurrence in Rome, and, altogether, must at last be absorbed into the universal Marcus Aurelius found the cares of office soul. From this kinship it followed that very exacting and arduous. When his most man's true good must lie in conformity with trusted general, Avidius Cassius, revolted in the Deity. But God and reason are identical; Syria and endeavored to usurp the emperor's therefore, life in accordance with reason must power, Aurelius mourned the traitor's, death, be best suited to the constitution of the soul. and regretted that he should have been Such life, also, must be in accordance with thus deprived of the luxury of forgiveness.. virtue, hence, virtue is the highest^good, and Throughout the emperor's life his deportment happiness consists in virtue. With the Stoics was consistent with his philosophy; virtue alone is admirable, virtue is absolutely It is a matter of history that Christians self-sufficient. were persecuted during the reign of Marcus Stoicism, after having been "tempered by Aurelius, but this was political rather than concessions to common sense," was introduced religious. The records show that Marcus through the Greek to the Roman world. The Aurelius knew little of Christianity and cared Romans were above all practical, and since less; for in opposition to the quiet and con­ they were a nation of soldiers and lawyers, templative creed of his school, the early they greedily took from Greece whatever of Christians proved to be insubordinate; they her cul.ture they wished, and adapted that to rebelled against the existing order of things; their own conditions. Still, during the worst they threw the Roman gods from their and wickedest days of the empire", the Stoics pedestals; and, at times, acted with almost worked a wholesome restraint, so much so fanatical frenzy. One of the historians has that they became very unpopular and said that a Roman looked on the early frequently were banished. Epictetus when Christians much as we look upon Nihilists banished showed a resignation fairly Chris­ and Anarchists to-day. Farrar wrote that if tianlike. He said: "Dare to look up to God we are to regret that the emperor vvas not and say.' deal with me for the future as Thoii a Christian, we must call him the "noblest of wilt, T am of the same mind as Thou art; I all pagan emperors," and seek in vain for'a am Thine: I refuse nothing that pleases Thee: Christian monarch to place beside him. lead me where Thou wilt: clothe me in any Before he started north on the expedition dress Thou choosest: is it Thy will I should which proved to be his last, Marcus Aurelius, be an exile, be poor, be rich?'" ^ , . ^at the request of his loving subjects, discoursed The "Meditations" were the emperor's for three days on the deep questions of phi­ observations made up of unconnected reflec­ losophy—a performance never before required tions on the things of time and eternity. of an emperor. After once , more winning When considering the instability and insignifi­ victory for the Roman arms, he died in cance of all human things, Aurelius recorded: Pannonia on March 17, 180 A. D. Thereupon "The vast continents of Europe and Asia are Marcus Aurelius was generally mourned with but corners of the creation; the ocean is but a sorrow such as probably never before was a drop, and Mount Athos but a grain in felt for a Roman emperor. respect of the universe, and the present, The stoicism of Socrates, Plato, ,and Aris­ instant of time but a point to the extent of totle, when less ideal and more.practical, was eternity." Remarking on the kingly prerog­ the stoicism of Marcus Aurelius. In one ative, Marcus Aurelius observed: "It is a aspect of this school the deity is but a fiery royal thing to be ill-spoken of for good air-current; in another he is Zeus, the. intelli-. deeds," and in respect to gratitude: "Some gent and almost personal lord of the universe.. men when they do you a kindness at once . Marcus Aurelius, as we may conclude from demand the payment of gratitude from you; his life and work, leaned rather to the simpler others look upon you as their debtor." ethical teaching,—exhortations to a virtuous . Thus are the books that constitute the life are more freqiuent than speculations on "Meditations" of Marcus Aurelius filled with the origin of things. Alice Zimmern, in her :thegems of pagan philosophy—and gems not preface to Collier's translation, holds • that always in the rough but often rarely set. Marcus Aurelius speaks of God; in. language •i; The stoic emperor has deserved the many NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC. zzs admirers he always has had. His religion articles for sale; lithe boys who stood on was not "Let us eat and drink; for to-morrow their heads and performed other athletic we die," but rather, "Let us use this life well feats in the expectation of " centesimi," since we have no other." The Epicurean would policemen with their military uniforms and' have man depart from life as a guest from gaudy accoutrements, brawny porters rushing a banquet; the Stoics would have man leave here and there with luggage and other the stage as an actor who has performed impedimenta, clearing the v/ay with shrill his -part. cries^he busy Italian scene .seemed like a And though it is a matter of regret that street fair to the unaccustomed eyes of the Marcus Aurelius could not have known the American. infinite satisfaction of loving the gentle Soon the lately arrived passengers having Nazarene who lived and died but a few gener­ refreshed themselves, began to leave the hotel ations before, Marcus Aurelius was an honest opposite and to come on board. Nearly all man and one true to a philosophy which had boarded the steamer when the beautiful was his religion. He was candid, simple and American and her companion crossed the charitable, and in conformity with his tenet street and ascended the gang-plank. Byron he left the stage of life as an actor who eyed her,. covertly admiring her graceful had performed his part. carriage. She did not notice him at all and immediately went below. The Ceramis cast off and slowly steamed down the beautiful Dayston's Infatuation. harbor. Rowboats alongside containing men and boys who sang the sweet songs of ROBERT J. SWEENY, 03. Southern Italy accompained them nearly tO; the harbor's mouth,,and then drifted astern After seeing the few sights of the town with their load of small coins and soon the thought struck Byron B. Dayston, young became dark specks on the glassy surface. American tourist, that he might go up to Past the ancient fortress and palace, which,• the station to await the coming- of the trans^; on its rocky isle for "centuries has guarded the European express. He had arrived in Brindisi . entrance to the bay and out into the expanse the night before, after a trip across the moun'-. of the sea beyond, the Ceramis furrowed its tains from Naples and he expected to sail way, but the fair American did not appear. on the Austrian-Lloyd steamer Ceramis which At dinner Byron gazed anxiously around the would leave soon after the arrival of the - room without seeing the object of his interest. de-luxe. This train was late, and a couple of Before he had finished, however, she entered' hours passed before it came puffing and toot­ and sat at a table opposite -but facing him. ing into the staion. Several times Byron caught himself gazing at Dayston had whiled away the time smoking the girl, though she, engaged in a lively con­ and walking about, but now he took the cigar versation with her companion, did not appear- out of his mouth and gazed in wonder, for to notice him.. emerging from a. first-class compartment was Hoping for. some opportunity to speak to a very beautiful woman. .It seemed to Byron them—that her hat would blow off, that she that he had never seen a more glorious might drop the book she was reading, or that' creature. Truly, he thought, his' wait was not any other chance of acquaintance might pre-- in vain. What gave him further satisfaction sent itself—Dayston hovered near their chairs"' was the assurance that this divine beauty was that evening and the next day;. Every time- American. The pose, the manner of carrying he looked at the girl he felt his interest "in- the head and a briskness and boldness in her growing. But nothing happened, and they the walk was proof enough of . this. An passed the blue isles that lay on the sunny-' elderly lady, apparently French, accprnpanied sea like beds of lapis lazuli-.without having' her carrying some hand luggage. made her acquaintance.. At; dinner .that night--; r}^I\ Dayston was one of the first on board the he fancied that he caught her lobking'iat^hrm' steamer which was moored oh the dpck once and his heart had a very agreeable thnUv^ opposite the hotel. Leaning over the railing He arose early and made his way to the deck. near the gang-plank he watched the interesting The dinner hour was late, and when he came life on the street below. Peddlers of both forth he found himself in an ideal Mediter­ sexes with every variety of and ranean evening. A full moon shone out in the 36 JSIOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC heavens with glorious brilliancy, the for the beautiful American, but she evidently decks and rigging with a soft silvery gauze. also had left. A Cook's director told him Broad paths of silver lay on the quietly swell­ that most of the party were to take the ing waters like triumphal avenues, and the early train to Cairo. Byron hurriedly got his slow ripples lapped the sides of the boat in luggage through the custom house and drove swirling foam. Byron carried his chair into to the station. He arrived just in time. The the bow and sat there alone smoking and girl and her campanion were going through feeling the soft night air beat against his the gate onto the platform. After some per­ temples like elfin caresses. Thus he S9t for suasion he" induced the official to let him some time, when, just as he bethought himself through without a ticket.- He saw the object of going aft in the hope of seeing his fair of his interest about to get into her compart­ countrywoman he heard a woman's voice ment. Striving to appear casual in his move­ calling in French from the opposite side of ments he strolled near, recognized her, and the bridge which separated the deck from assisted them into their seats. the bow. "May I give you my card," Dayston said "Steward!" she said, "steward! I wish you after some little talk. The lady consented and ^a would move our chairs to the other side of started to draw her card from its case. Just the deck!" A pause. Byron wondered idly then the signal to start was given. Byron took why the steward did not answer. "Steward! the card, and catching hurriedly the name said: steward, I say!" called the voice impatiently. " May I ask where you are going to stop in Dayston was wearing white duck trowsers, Cairo, Miss—Remington? I shall be there in which, with a blue cap, a relic of a yachting a couple of days and will be delighted to trip, was very like the uniform of the deck see you." hands. He arose and turned around. The "At Shepherd's," Miss Remington cried as girl was crossing' the narrow bridge and the cars began to move. Dayston took off coming towards him. his hat and the train was gone. Byron spoke: "Are you looking for the Hurrying outside the station he summoned steward, madame?" The lady looked up and his fiacre and ordered the native "cabby" to he saw that she was his American. She started drive to the "Khedinal." Settled comfortably confusedly. "O pardon me!" she said in ^ in the vehicle, Byron thought of the card and English. "I thought you were the steward. I looked for it. But the card was gone. " I guess saw him come up to this part of the deck and I dropped it at the station," he thought. "It's seeing you there and your—cap—I thought hardly worth while to go back for it now. I of course you were he. I hope you will pardon. am pretty sure the last name was Remingtonl" my stupid mistake." •"'Byron's impatience to see again the beautiful "Certainly, madame, it was only natural." American., was the cause why he cut short Byron was delighted at this unexpected good his visit toJ Alexandria, ignoring most of the fortune, though he did not rejoice in being beauties and curiosities of the great Oriental taken for a deck hand. "May I be of service? mart. He soon found himself on a train bound I shall be delighted to change your chairs for Cairo. for you if you wish it." Down the level valley, past little native The girl consented, still protesting her villages and farms, through larger stations contrition at the peculiar mistake she had where the swarthy natives clambered around made. Byron was asked to sit' down with the coaches with • Turkish coffee, oranges, ' them, and for a short time he enjoyed a fresh figs and other refreshments, on and on conversation with the young lady. After she they sped, but ever the clinking of the rails had left him Byron admitted to himself that spelt out but the one name, and his thoughts on his side, at least, it was love at first sight. constantly dwelt upon her. Even the sight "Such eyes and such hair," he thought. from the car windows of the majestic pyramids "Too bad I did not^ learn something more did not much arouse him. , . about her. Great luck, she is going to Cairo, The first out^ of the station at Cairo, he though—r shall see her there."' = '' jumped into a carriage and shouted: "Shep-- /Early next morning the steamer arrived at herd's!" The fleet horses sped away through Alexandria. Dayston was late in turning out, the picturesque streets and soon halted before and when he arrived on deck most of the the wide verandah of the, historic Shepherd's passengers had gone. He looked anxiously Hotel. He had arrived some time before the. NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC. 337 dinner hour, but Bjronvvas so careful in his clothes worn by the Irish of that shadowy age. dressing that when he descended, dinner was We next pass to a period when dress being served. He entered the large dining- materials were woven. Love of the beautiful, room and was shown to.a seat. He gazed which is a distinctively human characteristic, anxiously about him and soon espied his began to manifest itself in ornamentation. friend at a table some distance away. She was According to O'Curry, one of the earliest ;sitting between a da,rk handsome gentleman entries in the ancient books of Ireland refers •;(" her brother," Bryon thought) and her to a law regulating the colors to be worn in companion on the boat. Later he succeeded dress: "Tighernmas, the-son of Olliol, then in catching- her eye and she smiled very assumed sovereignty. ... It was by him that sweetly. After he had dined he arose and gold was first smelted in Erin and that colors, went out into the office. brown, red and crimson, were first put into Through a curtained archway he heard clothes." At this period the people were sounds of music, and following several persons divided .into classes and each class could be .he entered. It was a; large room heavily more easily recognized by the prescribed color carpeted. Around the curtained walls people of its dress. This custom is observed even were sitting on luxurious divans. From a to-day among certain tribes in India. minstrel gallery over the entrance languorous Some descriptions of the dress worn by Italian and Oriental music floated down. noted characters of a later date have come Little Arab boys were distributing coffee down to us. In the "Tain Bo Chuailgne" we among the guests. read that Conor Mac Nesa, king of Ulster, who In one corner he saw the object of his lived about the beginning of the Christian era, search and her party, and he went towards "wore a crimson, deep-bordered, five-folding them. "The fair American arose, and extending Faiai or , a gold pin in the tunic over her hand said: "Glad to see you, Mr. Dayston. his bosom, and a brilliant white shirt, inter­ You did not stay long in Alexandria, did woven with threads of red gold, next his you? Harry,'!—she spoke to the gentleman white skin." Another warrior "wore a green who was standing behind her—" this is • a , wrapping him about; and there was a steamer acquaintance of mine, Mr. Dayston. bright silver brooch in that cloak at his breast. Mr. Dayston—my husband I" He had a brown-red shirt interwoven with thread of red gold, next his skin and descend­ — • »• ing to his knees." In the same work is to The Dreas of tho Ancient Irish. be found a reference to, the dress worn by a prophetess who lived in the reign of Queen PATRICK llACDONOUGH, 1!I03. Maeve of Connaught, the contemporary and foe of Conoj- Mac Nesa. "She had a green, .. The earliest inhabitants of Ireland have spot-speckled cloak upon her; and a round, left no name or history. Of their clothing heavy-headed brooch in that cloak over we know little, but we are warranted in her breast." assuming that it was of the rudest and most A story laid at the beginning of the seventh primitive kind,—probably the skins of animals, century contains a description of the clothes .or made from rushes, such as were worn, by the Scottish prince. Cam, and his found on skeletons'-caiiscovered during the associates who fled to Ireland to escape the last century in a cave of the Sierra Nevada wrath of his uucle. "Fifty warriors, a crimson in Spain. In the museum of the Royal Irish five-folding cloak upon each man; two flesh- Academy are portions of this barbaric dress, seeking spears in his hand;- a shield with a which with its wearer were found in a bog in rim of gold at his back; a gold-hilted sword 1821. To the remarkable preservative proper­ •at his girdle; his gold-yellow hair falling ties of peat we owe our meagre knowledge of down at his back. Each of their wives wore the clothes worn by this primitive Irishman. a green cloak with borders of silver, a, The garments were composed of skins laced smock interwoven with thread of red gold, with thongs, and the various seams were care­ brooches of gold with full carvings, be­ fully stitched with fine gut. Other fugitive spangled with gems of many colors, necklaces specimens of a like dress, such as skin mocas­ of highly-burnished gold, a diadem upon the sins and skin caps, have also been unearthed, , head of .each." ' from all of which we get a notion of, the^ ..The dress of a famous beauty, Bee Fola, 33^ NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC whom Diarmaid, monarch of Erin 6oo A. D. gored and gusseted, showing high perfection wooed and won, is thus described: "She- had in th'e tailoring art. The of the tunic, on her feet two pointless shoes of white which extends to the knee, is set on full, and bronze, ornamented with two gems of precious measures eight feet in circumference to the stones; her kilt was interwoven with threads bottom. The sleeves are tight and open at the of gold, — she wore a crimson robe and a elbow, like an Albanian jacket; and over all brooch of gold fully chased and beset with was thrown the immemorial Irish mantle, so many-colored gems in that robe. She had a invariably worn, so indispensable a portion of necklace of twisted gold around her neck." Irish costume that it passed into a proverb Manifestly Bee Fola was an up-to-date young among the Welsh, "like an Irishman for the woman, and a penniless suitor or a struggling cloak." The cloak in this instance is composed husband found the dress problem as serious of brown, soft cloth, made straight on the then as in more modern times. Nor are we upper edge, which is nine feet long, but cut confined to mere verbal descriptions for a nearly into the segment of a circle on the knowledge of the female attire then in vogue: lower. The form resembles closely that worn In 1843 ^ complete female antique dress was by the Calabrian peasant- at this day.' discovered many feet below the surface of a The dress of the Irish did not escape the bog, and is now in the Royal Irish Academy. notice of Giraldus Cambrensis who lived in According to Lady Wilde, "the dress consists the reign of Henry 11. of England. Like of a with a long waist, open in front, Henry, too, he had not much use for the and attached to a full-plaited skirt; which, Irish. "Their custom is to wear small, close- like the Albanian fustanell, consists of several fitting hoods, hanging below the shoulders a narrow, gored breadths, gathered into small cubit's length, and generally made of part)-- plaits at the and spreading into a broad colored strips hanging together. Under these quilling at the bottom; . each plait being they use and rugs instead of ,- stitched on the inside to preserve the form. with breeches and in one piece, or The bottom of the skirt,measures twenty-two hose and breeches joined together, which are feet and a half in circumference, and there usually dyed of some color Moreover, they are ninety-two plaits most elaborately arranged, go to battle without armour, considering it a so that the joining of each of the narrow burthen, and esteeming it brave and honorable breadths should fall within a plait. The to fight without it." Wright, in a commentary material is of brown woollen cloth." On on this passage, remarks that the account, readirig this one is inclined to conclude that given by Giraldus is necessarily obscure, modern Parisian dressmaking is but the because written in a language that supplied no revival of a lost art. equivalent terms; but connecting it with other We are also indebted to the bog for a sources of information he believes that their specimen of male attire of the same period. • dress consisted of the following articles: What Lady Wilde mentions that in 1824, the body Giraldus calls a capiiiium^s'Z.s, a sort of of a man completely clad in woollen antique and hood, protecting not only the head, but garments, was found in a bog near Sligo, six the neck and shoulders from the weather. It feet below the surface;' and so perfect was was conical in form, and probably made of the body when first discovered that a magis­ the same sort of stuff as the mantle which trate was called' to hold an inquest on it. The Giraldus names phalingiuvi, from the Irish garments also were in such complete preser­ falach, meaning a rug or covering of any sort. vation, that a .photograph was made of a This cloak had a fringed border. It was worn person clad in this antique , with the almost as low as the ankles, and was usually exception of the shoes, which were too small made of frieze, or some such coarse material. for an adult of our day, and a drawing from The richer classes' of men used cloth of a this photograph is one of the best and finer quality, with 'a silken or woolen fringe, most beautifully executed illustrations of the and of scarlet or other colors. Many rows of Museum catalogue. The costume of this the shag or fringe were sewn on the upper ancient Irish gentleman is exc'eedingly pictur­ part of the mantle, partly for ornament and esque, consisting of trews of plaid pattern, partly to defend the neck from the cold; made wide above, like Turkish trowsers, but and along the edges ran a narrow fringe of fitting close to the leg and ankle; over them the same texture as the outer garment. The was a tunig'Qf soft cloth most elaborately coyering foi: the lower part of the body, the- NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC. 339

thighs and legs, consisted of close breeches, with hose or stockins^s made in one or sewn Varsity Verse. to them. The breeches was a garment common to the Celtic nation'^ and is often mentioned AN INVITATION. by the Roman writers. One of the provinces (Horace, Odes I., 20.) of got the n;une Gallia Braccala from DLAIN Sabine wine wilt drink with me the distinguishing article of native dress. The ': •• Frbm cups of modest size; 1 bottled it when shouts for thee ' brogues or shoes were made of dried skins, Went ringing to the skies, or half-tanned leather, and- fastened with lalchets or thongs of the same material. . "vAVhen in the theatre didst hear A nation's welcoming song. The Irish costume, says Lady Wilde, seems Which Vatican Hill and Tiber near to have been half Oriental, half Northern, Caught up but to prolong. like the compound race that peopled the Though Coecuban thy goblet fills. island. The trews were the same as the Of brands I've no great host,— German braccae, while the tunic was Albanian The wealth of Formide's fabled hills and the mantle Eastern, as well as the high, My cellar does not boast. conical head-dress, which is identical in form C. L. O'D. with the Persian cap of the present day. MOST LIKELY. When Gabriel blows his trumpet. Dr. O'Connor, another authority on the And the graves give up their dead subject, says that, the dress of the ancient To hear the last great judgment Scots (Irish)'was, like their manners, exceed­ Of the court that's overhead; ingly plain.- The of their vesture was And the Book of Life's been opened And each fate's been meted out— admirably adapted lo the manners of a martial .While woe and lamentation fill the air— ,nation, and it received very little change Won't the dear recording angel through succeeding ages; it helped to display flear some nervy mortal shout action, and exhibited the actor in the most That his cise was not decided "on the square?' advantageous manner; it bears a perfect T. D. L. resemblance to the costume of the ancient NOT GENUINE. . Though encircled by a band. Greeks. One piece of the dress covered the Stating you were made by hand, legs and thighs of the wearer very closely. "Vet I have no other hope. The braccon or vest was fastened with clasps, Than that I possess a rope. and so conveniently contrived as to cover the On the shelf, then you will stay. breast better than any modern garment; while Till the "grafter" comes this way, the close sleeves of the flowing mantle gave" "VVhen he finds you, I'll be bound. the soldier all desirable advantages in the use He'll not make a second round. of arms. Over the whole they wore a falhcng, While appearances portend or wide cloak, which covered them from the You were given by a, friend, sun' and rain and served also as a very con­ Yet to me alas, you are venient bed in the field tents. Great has been Just a make-believe cigar. L. M. F. the evolution from the picturesque garb of A PIPE-DREAM. the ancient to the unpretentious dress The soothing air of springtime fair worn by their many descendants in America Had steeped my soul in slumber; to-day. But as I slept 'round me there crept : ••••^ The groans of'distant thunder.

Light Heart Ne'er Sinks. And while I dreamed to me there seemed Two calls in quick succession Came floating o'er my fast-barred door 'l''WO little chics in a boat on the water,— That sued for a confession. A mother's son and another ma's daughter— Bounced" the boat roughly until a wave caught her,. Long ere I woke, soft rings of smoke Were spied by one whose care it's Balanced her lightly and then tipped slightly; To jot on white as black as night Into the water the two chics slipped quietly. Twice twenty-five demerits. Each holding onto the other one tightly. D. O'C. 'THE PROVIDENCE OF NATURE. Light things don't sink, so no danger they dreaded; We know that nature does provide; Like ducks in the" water they gracefully treaded, This earth she guards, a loving viater For sh^ >vas jight-hearted and he was light-headed. For see, the bed of every lake H, £. BROWN, |s covered \yith a sf{egt of water! C, O'P* 340 I^OTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC asked a lot o' questions 'bout 'th town: how The Biter Bitten . many people we got there, how much wealth and so forth, you know. Perty soon he tells EDWARD F. QUIGLEY, '03. me if I want tu make fifty er a hundred dollars . without no one knowin' anything about it, he Hardwin dawdled down the street, a market- can put me next, see? So I says 'all right,' basket over one arm,' his threadbare coat an' then he tells me that himself, an' three buttened closely, and an old silk hat topping other fellers run foot races same a:s bosses, off his emaciated features. Wright and Smiley you understand? .'Now,' says he, 'get next tu came out of Cohen's store across the street, some feller in your town what can afford tu and espying the miserly Hardwin, one of them lose a couple o' hundreds, and pertend ycr hailed him. Cohen was Hardwin's most impla­ wise. Tell him you want tu give him a pointer: cable enemy ever since the store-keeper had put his money on one man, fer th' race has cheated him out of three dollars and fifteen been, fixed up aforehand, ye understand. Then cents playing seven-up^ three years before. ye hustle round an' git yer friends tu bet "Hullo, Cap," exclaimed Wright who had against this feller, see? But hev some other motioned for Hardwin to stop. feller do th' bettin' so as th' sucker won't " Mornin,'" stiffly answered the latter, nod­ ketch, on. The race goes off O. K. an' every­ ding to Wright, but not wishing to look his thing is workin'. to a T when the guy what companion in the face, for Hardwin owed the feller had spotted'his dough on takes a Smiley an account amounting to ten dollars. tumble jes' before he reaches the line^-the That very morning Hardwin had received other feller wins, an' we pockets the pile, the twelfth letter regarding the matter from pertendin' all the time to be sore ov!rselves the "Collective Agency," but knowing that 'cause we has lost money too, ye know.' I the statute of limitations was about to bar thought the racket was first class, an' we the. debt, Hardwin desired to forget the affair could rope Cohen in on it, so I tells the until after the climax had passed. feller tu git .his partners an' come down "Szy, Cap," began Wright with a sly wink right away." • - \ and a confident nudge, "We're fixin' up a Hardwin nervously shifted his market basket, scheme that we're agoin' tu ketch Cohen on. from one arm to the other. It's a new game, the slickest thing you ever ."Me an- Smiley here," continued Wright heerd of, an' we're agoin' tu pull th' ole "has jes' been pumpin' Cohen, an' he's fell rascal's leg till we're good an' ready tu let go; right into th' trap slickar'n a whistle. He's, an' say, Cap, we jes' been talkin' tu'him an' got two hundred in his safe that he's willin' he's dead easy—oh, he's too easy to make it tu bet right now. Say, Cap, won't it be rich interest-en. Cap, it's goin' to be rich—ho, ho, though, ha, ha, ha!" ha, ha, ha—eh,,Smiley?" . "He, he, he!" snorted Hardwin. Hardwin's eyes by this time were as big as an "But; now, listen, cap; ye see we but got owl's, and the thought of getting the best of tu -git enough tugether between us all tu Cohen had caused an exultant grin to replace cover Cohen's bet,, ye know, an' that's why his usual sinister expression. Too stingy we stopped you. Have ye got a little ready to take a newspaper, he had never dreamed money— of the scheme which Wright was about "Yes," interrupted the delighted Hardwin. to disclose. " "That ye don't need at present?" "Now, Cap, ye won't say nothin', will ye, "Yes, all you want." ' 'bout this tu no one? Ye, see, this is strictly "That ye have no particular use fer an' confidential, as we expect to git ye in on th' don't care what you do with it?" deal if yer willin', but if ye decide not'tu come "Don't give a darn." Hardwin, by. this time,, in ye promise not tu say a word tu no one?" liad pulled out an old-fashioned yellow pocket- Hardwin: nodded mechanically and waited book with a rubber band around it and was for Wright to continue. about to open it, when Wright suddenly "VVell, Cap, here's how it came about: th' exclaimed: other day when Iwuz up tu Deetroit, I met a . "Hist, Cap, here comes Cohen. Put it away feller in th' hotel, an' as I vvuzn't doin' nothin' quick. The race won't go off fer awhile yet we got tu talkin'. "He asks me where I wuz. an' we'il have plenty o' time tu consult ye." from, and T tells him tSpiketowri; -then he ^ Qohen approached" the trio and called JSTGTRh DJiMh SCH01.ASTlV~ 341

Wright aside to speak to him. Smiley then prospered with me, and I felt,I could spare addressed Hardwin: a few weeks- to conie and look forjmjr boy: , "By the way,-Mr. Hardwin, I hope to get So, Mr. -^ he paused. in on this proposed deal, and must get together "Brown is my. name." a little money. You can pay me that ten "So, Mr. Brown, I thought perhaps you dollars this morning, I'm sure," could tell me something. The last I heard Hardwin reddened, coughed, tried to sneeze of him was that he was in Acton. His name^ and fumed: • ' • • is Pagett, Wajter Pagett," said the old man. "Why—er—ye see I need—ahem-^the mat­ Brown pondered. "PagettI No. I know' ter of fact is--er—" At last he saw he was some Pagetts, but.they were born hereabouts. cornered. . ./ But—" "Yes, I guess I can pay you," he muttered Here the snialler man eagerly,broke in.- between his teeth, and painfully jextracted "T remember a young fellow by that name. a ragged bill from his pocket-book which It was about fifteen years ago. He had bliie he reluctantly handed to Smiley.. .;,. " V;- eyes, light hair—" He didn't do any marketing that morni^ng, "That's- right! that's right!" interrupted but straightway went home, his., eyes fixed the bid man. stolidly on the ground before him. ,, . "He took up with Dick Sanders," continued" the young man. "Most likely Sanders knows something, of him. The address is 437-Oak In the Smoker. Street, Acton. The old man was most profuse in his thanks,- STEPHEN v. RIORDAN. and the young man returned to his scenery. "Loring," called.the conductor. In the smoker of the Western .Limited two "Here the old man gathering up his effects men sat in silence. The, smaller, ivylip was leftfthe train. '' . " also the younger, gazed fixedly out- of, the As ..he disappeared out the car door the window as if he found the landscape .^deeply blond-bearded; young man whirled around interesting. The other, tall and dark, moved and hoarsely addressed his companion. . uneasily in his seat, and seemed bored. .A : " 5"or God's' sake, •^sheriff, dispatch this little white-haired old .man, who for-some telegram.; Take' it down as I give it." time had been anxiously watching these two, "DICK SANDERS, . ..-,.• leaned forward and spoke: "437 Oak; Street, Acton. "Can either of you gentlemen tell me how "As my best triend do.what I ask. Elderly long it will be before we reach Loring?" man will arrive in Acton to-morrow. Will ask The younger man stared at him momentarily, you about Walter"Pagiett. My name when still then resumed his scrutiny of the landscape. respectable. Min is my father. Swear Walter The other was more communicative. Pagett died decently ten years ago. " In about an hour," he replied. . '•' ' ' ." ' "FRED WILLIAMS."- "Thank you." The old man resumed-his " Send this - immediately," he said. "Dp it seat, but seemed to be , worried, for after for his and my mother's sake, will you?" gazing about restlessly for a few minutes, he "Of course I'll serid jt^'' answered the.shei-iff. again addressed them. . . . . >. •. "Here," he called to tHe'.colored porter," send "Do you mind if I trouble, you about a this right." away. Pay for it with this." ' ^ matter that concerns me?" He glanced appeal- The porter'nodded ;and disappeared.\ ingly from one to the other. Again, it" was . -The train rolled oni and the silence 3vas. the larger man spoke. . • "' - . • r' only broken by the sobs, of Walter Pa:gett^ . "Not at all! Sit right down here,, and. I thief, embezzler.and forger. ' • '^.^ will give you what information I can;" he said. - . ".Well," began the- old man, "1 had a.iDoy, who came down to Acton about fifteen years .'Misundeirstood. ago. A few nionths after he left home our house burnt down* and we moved to r another Said the maiden as she giggled so demure;-. -yi j?: f town. Somehow we.Tost track of him and he, " You're the sweetest thitig ''in all this land, Tm sure.',' of us. We haven't hieard from him-since: ThentKe yoimg man's hea'rt began to fill with glee; \'\ J3ut things have changed-lately. Business has But she meant it for the,l}ull-pup,"don't you see?-'' R;.;H/; 342 NOTRB DAME SCHOLASTIC.

The man who can sprint a hundred yards in ten seconds is a far greater hero in their eyes NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC than the inventor of the wireless telegraph. It Xotre ]>iiiiu;, IiidiaiKi, F<;l>riiJiry 31, l!)0:i. ^ is well to aspire to the possession of physical strength, but at the same time let the Published every Saturday during Term Time at Notre Dame University. cultivation of the intellect not be neglected. Bntercd iis socoml-clrtss mutter at fcliH Post Utiee, Notre Daine. Iiul Tetnis, $1.50 per Annwn. Postpaid. . -*•»- Aidrcss: THE EDITOR NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC. —One of our feminine writers, the author Notre Dame,Indiana. of a new book which has created quite a stir in literary circles, says that she writes only The Board of Editors. when she feels inclined and when it amuses her to do so.''Here we find again the old PATRICK J. MACDONOUGH, in03. fallacy of inspiration. How many a student FRANCIS F. DUKETTE, I902 H. EWING BROWN, Ig02 has despaired of writing prose and verse, more ROBERT J. SWEENY, I903 CHARLES A. GORiMAN, I903 especially because a first faint attempt failed: BYRON V. KANALEY, I904 FRANCIS J. BARRY, Ig03 there was no inspiration forthcoming. What ROBERT E. HANLEY, I903 ROBERT E. LYNCH, I903 a fruitless, tiresome old world this would be EDWARD F. QUIGLEY, I903 THOMAS D. LYONS, I904 if inspiration or inclination were waited for FRANCIS MCKEEVER, I903 J. PATRICK. O'REILLY, I905 in every line where endeavor now holds sway. G. A. FARABAUGH, I904 CHAS. L. O'DONNELL, I905 It is a good thing for us that during the wintry season our coal-diggers do not cease their work for want of inspiration, or because —The bimonthly examinations catalogued inclination* does not make of their work an for February 24-25 have been postponed to enticing amusement. No one, of course, will next Friday and Saturday. This arrangement deny that for literary excellence, or excellence will better enable students to participate in in any of the arts, there is required a certain the religious exercises with which the Cath­ amount of talent. , But just as necessary to olic Church always begins Lent and will the embryo author' as this talent is the also afford them more time to prepare for capacity for work.-^long and earnest work. the examinations. Each should receive due For, as Brander,^Matthews says, "Literature, attention. is not an affair of slippers and arm-chair, of mint-julep and fox-hunt; it is a task, a toil —:The annual report of President Eliot of unceasing and unresting." It is true that both Harvard University is said to contain for the Homer and Virgil prayed at the opening of first time a reference to athletics. The changes their masterpieces for. the inspiration of the in football rules, he thinks, are not for the Muse. But what'student of the classics does better, but have been followed by an increase not know of the vast amount of labor and. rather than a decrease of injuries, and the exertion Virgil spent upon his ^Eneid, and ethics of football, which are the imperfect beautiful and p.erfect as we may deem it, ethics of war, do not improve. He is of death alone prevented its author from devot­ opinion that athletic sports in general are ing much more time and labor to its further unduly patronized in our colleges and perfection. The works 0/ which the Iliad and ! 1 secondary schools. "There is now a series-of Odyssey are the fruits extended through competitive games which cover the entire years. These literary giants of ancient Greece academic year; and the distraction of large and Rome did not produce, their masterpieces bodies of students from the proper work of because "the spirit moved them," nor because the university grows m9re intense and con­ they found in writing a pleasant diversion, but tinues year by year." That this is true there because they were indefatigable workers who can be little doubt; and the distraction affects shirked no labor: Some, o.he has defined other students than those who are "athletes. genius as the capacity for infinite effort, and Note the limited topics of conversation that we think not without justification. That to engage the student' outside of class, and you be successful in letters or in the arts it .is will find that amongst these, athletics holds necessary to have the inclination or inspiration, a very; prominent place. Religion, science, or. call it jwhat you will, is a literary heresy literature' or even politics is seldom <;}i§(;qssed. \yrjij<;[^ the.ambitious student must repudiate NOTRE DAME SCHOUASTIC. 343

The Senii-Final Debating Contests. An Hour Tvitli Father Younan.

The semi-final contests for the purpose, of The lecture on "Life in India" was la^ rare choosing three men to represent Notre.Dame treat to every student who went to. hear .in the debate with Oberlin on April ii, were Father Younan in Washington Hall last held in the law room, Sorin Hall, last Monday Saturday. In some of us it awakened affeeling and Tuesday evenings. Perhaps never before akin, to that .evoked in Cortcz and his men in the history of polemics at Notre Dame has when they .first gazed on the Pacific "iii^wild greater interest in the try-outs been manifested, surprise." We got a glimpse for the first "time both by the students in general and by the of a great, strange and v onderfuUy picturesque contestants themselves. The crowded hall . country, and of the manners and religious each night, the , prolonged applause that beliefs of a people with whom we seem to greeted the contestants, and the close decisions have-little in common. Only a man like of the judges are proof of this assertion. Father Younan, deeply versed in the lore of Especially has this been the case in the semi­ the East *and long a resident of India could' finals. An idea of the closeness of these present the panorama to such advantage. We contests may be had from the. fact that on regret that we can give no more here than the first night one judge tied; four men an imperfect synopsis of his remarks. for second place, a result that was almost India; he said, is a country of fable and / duplicated the succeeding night. . / myth and darkness, a land whose people have New debating' methods were introduced. altered little during the last four or five Instead of six set speeches and two rebuttals, thousand years. Its population numbers about such as was the custom in former years, .we three hundred and fifty millions, or one-fifth had six set speeches and six rebuttals. The of the whole human race, and these speak new system is the better, since it gives each, more than a hundred, different languages and debater an opportunity to rebut the arguments over two hundred different dialects. Amongst of his opponents. In general, the speeches the natives are to,- be found the best and" were well written and well delivered, and lovyest physical tj'pes, as well as followers of gave evidence of careful preparation and a every, form of paganism.. The great religious thorough knowledge o^ the question which is divisions are the Hindoos, the Mahommedans, above all necessary in extemporaneous speak­ the Buddhists, and the Parsees who live in the ing and successful rebutting. There can be vicinity of Bombay, and are descended from no doubt that any three of the six survivors the Persian fire-worshippers. The Hindoos are of these contests would be well (qualified to by far the most, numerous, and are divided represent Notre Dame in debate at Oberlin. into four castes: priests, warriors, merchants, However, to determine who these three shall and servants. The pariah belongs to no caste be a final contest will take place in Wash­ at all. This,caste system is the great curse ington Hall on March ii. The order of the of India, and. it is also the greatest foe to ; speakers on that occasion will be: first Christianity. .When an Indian is converted affirmative, O'Grady; second, Farabaugh; he loses his caste and immediately has to,be third. Griffin: first negative, Bolger; second, provided, for by the missionary. Each .pro­ Kanaley; third, Barry. fession, no matter how menial, is a caste, and A debate with' Butler College of Indian­ members of one caste may not marry with apolis is expected to be arranged for some those of another. .- . . time in May. In that contest the second three . Born in a^paiticular caste the native remains from the above teams will defend the honor a meniber .ofithe same all his life. The castes ; of Notre Dame. Should this latter debate ace easily distinguishable by their dress, the fall through, for no definite arrangements style, of which-has.; not altered for centuries; have been made so far, the men of the They are very fond of ornaments, and. those second team may console themselves with the able to. procure jewels wear, them very pro­ reflection that to them also belongs, the honor fusely. The food- of the inhabitants consists that may come to Notre Dame in April;, largely, .of. .vegetables and fish. Millions of for without their efforts the first team would the inhabitants .have, never tasted meat. Forks not have reached its present ; standard of and spoons, are; unknown to them; neither .excellence. A.F. do.fjthe^; .sit on chairs at table like Western 344 NGTRE JDAME SCHOLASTIC. peoples. The better classes never drink of letters, and opened institutions of learning intoxicants of any kind. It is remarkable in in order to bring the boon of knowledge time of great famine how patient and resigned within the reach of all." they are to the will of God. ' The popes granted special charters of priv­ After a survey of the population of India, ileges to the new universities, and even went their social and religious customs, Father so • far as to furnish them with chancellors Younan went on to describe Indian scenery and professors. Rome has been likened by which he believes to be unsurpassed. Very Cardinal Newman to Jerusalem, since from soon he had the audience of the same opinion, Rome, as did the apostles from Jerusalem, the for he brought to his aid a series of the finest heralds of knowledge started forth to make stereopticon views ever seen at-Notre Dame., their.influence felt over the whole world. These showed the Himalayas at different Of the universities, that of Paris is perhaps altitudes, Indian storms and sunsets, the the oldest. But the memory of the famous Hoogley, pagan temples, idols, household scholars who taught there would alone suffice gods, heathen religious services, funeral cus­ to make its name lasting. The place flourished toms, palaces, fortifications, railroad terminus at the beginning of the twelfth century when at Bombay, temple of the winds, types' of under the guidance of the learned William Indian natives, jugglers, methods of trans­ Champeaux and his monks from the abbey of portation, valley of Cashmere, rush of glsciers, Saint Victor. At this time also Peter Abelard, everything strikingly interesting about India the noted pupil of Champeaux, was teaching • and her life. Father Younan has a charm in here. Saint Thomas and his teacher, Albertus his manner of speaking, and he certainly gave Magnus, likewise exercised the influence of us a broader idea of that land so oft described their great intellects inthis patriarchal seat of by our English poets. P. learning. Other French universities of less importance sprung up at Lyons, Avignon, Bordeaux and Bruges. Foua.datiori of Universities. Tn Italy, Salerno became the great centre for the study of medicine, while Bologna, Between the twelfth and fifteenth centuries under the direction of Werner, came to be a great awakening of intellectual activity was regarded as the leading law school of Europe. noticeable throughout Christendom. This was Besides the Italian youths^ no less than ten due in a great measure to the - methods thousand students attended the University of adopted by the; popes of that period, who did Bologna. As early as 1262 the enrollment went all in their power to establish a reign of law as high as twentv thousand. Other flourishing and order. Any study thatmight improve and Italian Universities were..-founded in Rome, elevate the- minds- of the people received Padua, Naples,-- Pavia, and .Florence. -The their earnest support; The clergy, too, were college in Rome, founded in 1244 by Innocent very generous in assisting the advancjfe of v.; was' called Sapienza. It was greatly learning in all its branches, and often granted advanced'by Boniface VIII. from whose time large siinis to the cause. of education, "^l-n all it was known as the Roman University. the schools connected with the cathedrals, Prague has the honor of being the oldest instruction was given free. These cathedral University in Germany. It was founded in and cloister schools are* looked upon as the 1348 by. the Emperor Charles IV. Its rise was .germs of the great, seats of learning, which, quick, and students from all Europe took through the care of the pontiffs and the advaritkge .-of- the "many • opportunities it liberality of thV clergy,^ gradually transformed offered. The -fourteenth century saw the rise themselves into the 'large universities. The of other universities in Germany, notably attitude of the popes of the time toward the those in Viennaj Heidelberg, Cologne, and advahcementdf-learning is well expressed in Erfurt. - :.. . the words ofPiiis 11: , .The Scandinavian kingdoms were not behind ''The pearl of knowledge makes a jmah.like the times, and large institutions of learning to God; leads: himl'tp': investigate the secrets at Copenhagen and Upsala, held their doors of naturej is'ari aid to; the unlearned, and open to the knowledge-thirsty youths.'Poland raises' one of- humble birth tosthe highest boasted e? the" University of Cracow, which distinction. 'Wherefoi-e the'Jloly See has ever in 1496'counted as high as. fifteen thousand encouraged the cultivaitiQn:df*the sciences arid Students. (Salamanca, established during the NOIRE DAME SCHOLASTIC. 345 middle of the thirteenth century, was looked of the second period, which extended from upon' as the oldest and most celebrated of the Revolution to the Civil War, was the the Spanish universities. Other schools, not academy, and the third ;period, which^ leads so well known, began in Spain and Portugal, from -then down to the present time, is.the at Valladolid, Valencia, and Alcala. age of the public high scliool. .. In England the -universities of Oxford and "Real American institutions," Prof. Brown Cambridge were modeled largely after that says,'"might be expected -to develop .with of Paris. During the reign of- Stephen in 1231, the: development of real American nationality. Oxford saw a wonderful growth. At this In the beginning there could be only such period the place had the task of furnishing institutions as might arise under the mingled knowledge to the extraordinary number of influence of a desire to be like the mother thirty thousand students. -.' > country and a desire to be different." Since Cardinal Henry Wardlow founded the first- then in the beginning, we imitated, to a Scotch University at Saint Andrew's in 1264. greater or less degree, mother England, the This .was followed in 1450 by the establish­ author fittingly opens his'work with a chapter ment of the University of Glasgow by Bishop on the "Grammar Schools of Old England." TurnbuU, and of Aberdeen in 1494 by Bishop In some respects this is the most charming Elphinston. chapter in .the whole volume. It is unusually The University of Dublin was begun in 1311 interesting to glance oyer the rules that by Cardinal Leech who had a brief from Pope obtained in the schools of Shakspere's time, Clement IV. authorizing the undertaking. written-in thelquaint English of the.day; it is In connection with the universities proper, interesting to find that the "scholars" of the halls and burses were introduced for the main­ sixteenth century studied the same works of tenance of poor scholars. Among these was Cicero and Xenophon that we to-day study. the Sorbonne at the University of Paris. Furthermore, it is delightful to get a view of From this time on the universities we're held the character of such noble school patrons as in the highest regard by all, and often the John Colet, John Brinsley, Christopher Wase. most important questions were submitted to " Our Latin grammar schools," Professor them for arbitration. As the years advanced, Brown says, " were largely imitations of the great schools lost nothing of their old-- Europe, though even in them we find some time influence. Their good results will ever modification made to adapt the old institution be felt, though their value may not be appre­ to the new.environment. The academies, on ciated by the people at large, as it was in the other hand, showed much less of the what some persist in calling the dark ages. influence of their English prototypes, and early assumed a distinct American character. MATTHEW J. WALSH, '03. The high schools have been from the early days of. their career about as thoroughly American as any institution we have yet Book Revie-w. developed. As in the development of the. grammar school, the author draws a parallel THE MAKING OF OUR MIDDLE SCHOOLS. An between the English and the American Account o£ the Development of Secondary Education academy, and traces clearly and methodically in the United States. By Elmer Ellsworth Brown,-, Ph. D. Longmans, Green & Co. • - the development of our secondary.schools. The aim of this work is to give a com­ The:academy was under the direct control prehensive view of American . educational of a board of.trustees. Whether or not this development. By "middle schools "the author system^o.f management became odious to the means those that are intermediate between" people, the historical fact, is that an objection the primary grades and the college; the raised to the system "resulted in the formation education received at such schools he char­ of educational institutions under direct public acterizes as secondary in contradistinction to control." This was ithe beginning, of ouri the elementary training of the primary- school ' modern public high schools.! . and the philosophical education of the college. , ; In the chapter on "Special Movements," Professor Brown divides our educational •• Professor Brown gives perhaps as complete history into three sections: in the' first; or and accurate an account of; Catholic, educa­ colonial period, the old Latin grammar school tion in the United States as: has yet-been flourished; the characteristic secondary school compiled. . C. L. O'D. ;4(^ VOTRE DAME SCHOLASTJC.

rooters, under the leadership-of Dr. Pino and Athletic Notes. the Hon. A. Ill, shouted long and loud. They sprang a batch of original war-whoops and The members of the baseball squad are yells that silenced Carroll's rooters, and once slowly but surely settling down' o their or twice it so affected the Referee that he regular work, whicn was interrupted during cried, but Eugene, the Barrister, pleaded the the past fe>V, weeks by sore arms. The effects case to him and he subsided. Society was also of vaccination are rapidly disappearing, and represented at the game; David L. and his the men seem to have derived more ginger irrepressible smile being there, as well as J. from their short rest. A Astor O'Neill, and Mr. J. Percy Shields. * *• Immediately after the game, the Hon. Ill The result/of last Thursday's try-outs will took up a collection for the purpose of buying appear in the next issue. photographs of the members of the team to * * hang up in the Annex. The collection netted Ralph Becker, one of the strongest' can­ two chews and a smile. didates for catcher's position, received a bad LINE-UP: fracture of the elbow while practising, last ANNEX CARROLL Monday, and may be laid up for some time.. Gage, Trentman R G Lawton O'Reilly , ' L G • . Winter * Draper c • Pryor Captain Hoover has introduced a new O'Connor. R F A Winter Gray L F Usera method of training, and, vve believe, one that * will be productive of good results, if con-\ * * tinued. He divides the entire squad into two . With regret we notice that the great spirit teams and then pits them against each other of friendly rivalry in athletics among the in a two-mile relay race. Each man.is called Halls has been allowed to die out,.and in its upon to sprint two laps,, with the result that stead a spirit of indifference reigns supreme. the contest is generally very, close, and that Heretofore, this rivalry was productive of each runner has to put forth his best efforts. some' of the best contests on track, gridiron, No contest serves better to bring put.all the and diamond that one would care to see. To speed a runner,,Jias than a relay race, and it win the proud title of Inter-Hall Champions was in just such trials as these.that Corcoran,- was the ambition and earnest desire of each Glynn, Kirby, Giierin, and other of our stars, Hall, and to this end they directed their best were developed. Besides, it is.the most popular. efforts. The result of all this enthusiasm was and exciting event in the whole list of. track an added interest in Varsity athletics, which and field sports, and always arouses both the was of great benefit to the Varsity. But to-day contestants and the spectators to the highest we are face to face with a blankety blank, pitch of enthusiasm. don't-care-what-happens spirit that is a great

* * • • • ._- • detriment to athletics in general and is sure The Annex basket-ball team annexed : the to be the death of it,, unless a determined Carrollite's scalp to their belt last'' Saturday effort is made to revive the old spirit. Why evening, defeating the latter in a well-played • not begin at once? The track team needs game by a score of 12 to 2. The Annexationists . new recruits, and the baseball team, for that surprised everyone by their brilliant; playing, matter.- and their team work was of such a high order '•An winter-hall track meet would bring out that the Carrollites were at a loss•': how^ td a large siq'uad, and • perhaps result . in J:he prevent them from throwing goals.- .". - • discovery of'a few "dark horses." Why not The Carrollites struggled'hard in the first' have one?. Let the leaders in the different half and succeeded in holdingi thje Expan­ halls get together and select a suitable date. sionists down to four points, but in the second Then nVa^s meetings can be held, managers the Annex men ran things to suit-themselves. ' •and captains ,elected, and candidates called O'Connor, Draper, Gray, Gage,, and'Trentmfan; for. Sorin has already taken the matter up, did excellent work, wJ-jle A. Winters,\Lavytori, and Brownson Holds a mass meeting to-night. and Usera were Carroll's stars. - \. :>H^l Will the other Halls do as much? We hope so. The game aroused more enthusiasm than If. they are possessed of the right college spirit any played so far this' season. The Annex they can not refuse. J. P.;O'REILLY. NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC. 347

The fact remains that much of this tradition has given From the Nc-wspapers. rise to practices which would not be countenanced if used by a man who had passed his student days. One of the worst of these practices from an ethical standpoint is the custom of 'swiping'the property of, HOOSIER. others. You may call it what you please but it is nothing As Indiana is the Hoosier State it may be more-nor less than robbery. You take a poster, a sigtt,' worth while to note the many accounts that a spoon from a hotel and cai-ry the articles to your room. You are a thief when you do it, and the fact have been given of the origin of the word that you are a student does not excuse you. : ',. Hoosier. According to Bartlett, who wrote Then you go out on the streets and howl and yell about the middle of the last century, the term and do things that are beyond the power of reason. is a "corruption of husher from their primary You act loud in public pla,ces and often forget entirely that you are supposed to be gentlemen. If a man In. capacity to still their opponents." This, ex­ private life did these things he would be arrested for planation has been extensively accepted. breaking the laws. You escape because you are- Mr. Charles E. Houtaling in his " Hand-Book collegians. This condition of things is wrong and. of Useful Information," published in 1901, people are beginning to recognize the fact."' explains its origin as "a corruption of fmsker,- * • ' - * * formerly a common term for a bully in.': the TOBACCO USERS. West." Another explanation is that it is a Tobacco, like all elements which have an effect-upbn corruption of ^'zvho's yere?" the gruff inqiiiry the nerves, differs widely in its action upon different invidious outsiders . aver to be used by resi­ individuals and no sweeping statements can be made. dents of Indiana when one knocks at tJ|eir Upon most constitutions its action is deleteri6us^ It is always injurious before the period of complete,' door. The word, as it is commonly understSpd development and cannot be used before the age of now seems to connote a rough, uncultivsft^d. 25 without harm. Dr. Seaver, director of the physical farmer! and the term is no longer confine3-to laboratory at Yale, tabulated the record of the students entering that university during nine years, when all. citizens of Indiana. . ;£--- the young men were examined and measured. The. . The latest philological dissertation oni.tli^, smokers averaged 15 months older than the non-smokers. origin of the word appeared the other day ini They were also shorter in stature. Nicotine .interferes with growth, and its effect in that regard is very one of the Indiana dailies. The report goes:— measurable. At Yale during the four-years' course the' "Before General Clark captured Fort VincehneSj^, the non-users of tobacco, although: taller when they*-; and as far back as when the ownership of the ter^'tory"^. enter, gain 24 per, cent more in height and 26.7 per. was in dispute between Spain, France and Englandj; cent more in girth of chest than do the habitual users. adventurous spirits began to settle in the dense Dr. Hitchcock of Amherst College, found even greater " wilderness of the southwestern part of the state and differences. The difference in the. lung capacity is very to carve out homes. As the land was not surveyed, striking in the two classes, and has been noticed by . they squatted wherever interest or inclination directed, all observers. .It shows the effect of tobacco on the. in the forest solitude. In time surveying began, an'd" respiration, nicotine being a potent depressor. .As here and there the surveyors would encounter a pre­ regards the effect of nicotine on the mental processes, viously unknown clearing. They would inquire.'Who's it is more difficult to interpret the meaning of statistics.' here?' and jot the name down on the survey. This Out of the. highest scholarship men,at Yale only 5 - became the regular practice, and in time the ' Who's per cent use tobacco, while of the men who do not get: here?" became 'Hoosier,* as anybody familiar with appointments, 60 per cent iise'it. It is not necessary to the growth of language may readily surmise. This interpret this as meaning that mental decrepitude', conclusion is made more probable by the fict.that a follows'the use of tobacco by young men, for there are large part of the unlettered early settlers pronounced other factors to be considered; but it is certainly not /lere as if spelled 'huhr,' giving it something like the conducive to the best work.^ll'^or/cfs IFork. sound in the latter part of myrrh. They told their dogs to 'Come huhr!' and mvariably pronounced 'here' in that manner. With this termination 'Who's ^•^ here?' would the more easily become Hoosier. Instead of the unknown settler being designated as a ' Who's Personals. here?' he became a Hoosier, and it was finally applied to all men of the territory and str.te." —^Mr. Charles B. Brounstein of Cincinnati * Ohio, a student here in '66-'68, paid a 'short visit to his Alvia Mater recently. Mr. Broun-, Dr. C. R. Barnes, a professor in Chicago stein was deliighted 'with the new Notre University, made some caustic comments Dame arid was also pleased to.-meet his old: recently on the behaviojr of some, .college prefect, Bro.:Urban. students. The following extract is taken from his address as reported in the 'Iribime: —The. wedding of Mr. Patrick J. Nelson to' Miss Marie Helene Harrington of Dubuque^ "One of the worst features of student ways," he said, "is the apparent delight which they take in defrauding la., has been recently announced. Mr. Nelson' the university and of cheating and fooling the professors was a. graduate of the'98 Law.Class, and was;'^ at every opportunity. Many of the students will do a ifamous football player in his - day. The all jn their power to obtain things that they desire SCHOLASTIC wishes him all success. . from the faculty and few of them are particular as to the means they employ. This course of conduct is .—^Cards are' out announcing the weddin

is studying Criminal Procedure, and this I'm- Local Items. portant branch of. the law will be covered about the first of May. —Found a scarf pin. Apply to Mr. Frank —The first meeting of the New York State Hartzer, Carroll Hall. Club since the Christmas recess was held in < —Washington's Birthday celebration will be the Columbian Rppm, Main Building, on observ.ed at Notre Dame on Monday. Saturday evening, February 14. The meetings —Messrs. Baer and Petritz efficiently manip­ of this club have been in the past noted for ulated the lantern slides at last Saturday's large attendance, and the meeting on Saturday. lecture. Both were recently the recipients of night was no exception to the rule. After some interesting electrical supplies which may the minutes, which were, read by Secretary be seen at their rooms. The musician has Gardiner, were accepted, several committee been engaged to kill snakes in the. Rockies reports were heard and approved. The session next summer. --- - -. was a long one, for it was not until after much —A miniature Paderewski "bearded like important business was transacted that a the pard" wrought consternation in Sorin motion for adjournment was carried. Despite Hall Reading Room the other day. The first the'large attendance several members were few notes he struck on the piano -awoke the absent. These are earnestly requested to attend biggest man in the hall from a deep slumber,;' future meetings which will be announced by and sent the unfortunate .few who were not the secretary through the columns of the asleep scurrying towarids the door, but before SCHOLASTIC. they had reached there the door had jumped —In the office of the Director of the off its hinges in an effort to escape. gymnasium are special instruments for testing —A regular weeljjy meeting of the St. the strength of the lungs, back, legs and Joseph Literary Society, took place last arms. These strength tests are conducted in Wednesday evening. The questi- n: Resolved, precisely the same manner at Notre Dame that a high protective tariff raises wages, as at all the large eastern universities. During was the subject of much discussion. Messrs. the early part of the week, T. A- Toner, the Madden and Zink>.supported the affirmative; present holder of the total strength test here, Messrs. O'Phelan and Casey, the negative. decided to make a new trial. Failing to make The judges decided" iri'i favor of the negative, y a favorable showing in..the legs and back Messrs. O'Donnell, Malloy, and "Welsh enter- • lift, he reached .for the horizo.ntal bar, and tained the society With recitations, and Mr. succeeded in .bre.aking the pull-up record. Sheehan rendered a very pleasing ^vocal, Trials may Ire taken'^on Thursday and Sunday selection. Messrs. Griffin and .toner" ablyJ^ mornings, free of charge. The following are justified their appointment as critics. . the'^best records made at Notre Dame since —A special meeting of .the Senior class January I,. 1901:— ... was called by President Crumley.oh Sunday,', :':.'. TOTAL RECORD: evening, February 15. Two committees were'..' First—T. A. Toner •.. .• 1385.2 Kilos appointed by the chair to ,'transact.,certain[' Sfecobd^W. N. Larigknecht. 1247.2 - "' business for the class; the first consists of," '-. - - ' Lungs. Messrs. Wurzer and Sweeny, the other is a First—W. N. Langknecht 62 " committee of one on which Mr. O'Malley is Second—E. J. Peil 54 " to serve. A second extra assessment was / '- ' ' Back. First—T. A. Toner ." 365 " levied which the Treasurer was instructed to Second—D. K. O'Malley .362 " collect. Mr. Barry, chairman of the class-pin • ;'•. •-• ..• Legs. committee, was urged by the, chair to have a First—T. A. Toner .680 " full report ready for the next meeting which- Second—B, McCullough 672 " is to be held on Saturday, .'Feb. 21. .- ; " Push Ups. •^ First—W.N. Langknecht 31 Times —Moot-court work has been resumed,.and.- " Second—T. A. Toner 1 27 " the case of Madison Tup! vs. Smith .was tried *'••' .';.nf •,- ••> - Pull Ups. last Saturday night. This was-an action to FirstTTrT. A, Toner 27 ".. secure, damages for.breach of a contract for : SecondT^E..6.. Canedo.... .' '.'"...20 " teaching. There was a judgment t for the plain- . , • U. Arms and Chest. tiff in the lower court, but drfendant aippealed. First-^T. A. Toner .--•341-7 Kilos Messrs. Higgins'and Gaffney appeared, for Second-^W.| N. Langknecht.;.... 308 " • ; •, - " Right Forearm. , . the plaintiff, while Davitt and Casey.repre­ FirstW-F. Powers...: 84 " " sented the defendant. The jury in the superior Second—C. M. Church 80' " court, returned a verdict for the. plaintiff^^but Left Forearm. ^ * ' a motion for a new trial was sustained, by ' First—T> W. Eggeman 1 82.5 . " Col. Hoynes who presided as judge. Judge " Second-^P. Corcoran 74 " - ;~,.- - a ;; Lung.Capacity. Hubbard has begun to teach Code Pleading, First-^B; McGuIlough...;...•- :.. -yfi Cub. in. and Col. Hpyries will take up Common Law Second^W. J.- Guerin—..;...... -366 " . . Pleading next week!. At present the class; = -'- ='- :-^ .- ; • • • P.J.WEISS.