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An Orange-Eye Mutant of the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata Lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

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An Orange-Eye Mutant of the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata Lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 14 (2011) 469–472 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jape An orange-eye mutant of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) Bo Yoon Seo a, Jin Kyo Jung a,⁎, Yeongtae Kim b a Crop Environment Research Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-857, Republic of Korea b Genomics Division, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Republic of Korea article info abstract Article history: An orange-eye mutant of the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), was found in a green house Received 30 December 2010 and has since been maintained together with a normal-eye phenotype of BPH in an insectary. The orange color Revised 13 June 2011 was expressed in all developmental stages of BPH: the eye spots of eggs and the eyes of nymphs and adults of Accepted 16 June 2011 both sexes and wing forms. Cross-mating results suggested that the inheritance of the orange-eye phenotype Available online 22 June 2011 is controlled by a single autosomal recessive allele. The gene symbol related to this mutant was designated as “org”. Developmental duration and mortality of nymphal stages were not significantly different between the Keywords: Nilaparvata lugens normal phenotype (homozygous and heterozygous) and the mutant. In addition, reproduction was not Eye color mutant significantly different among mating combinations of the three BPH genotypes (+/+, +/org, org/org). The Orange-eye effect of eye color on mating of BPH was insignificant in a mate choice test which consisted of one orange-eye Autosomal recessive inheritance female, one orange-eye male, and one homozygous normal-eye male. Offspring produced by the orange-eye female BPH hatched and developed into adults normally, indicating that the eye color mutant found in this study is different from the red-eye BPH (Mochida, 1970) which showed the egg lethal effect in the red-eye BPH female. © Korean Society of Applied Entomology, Taiwan Entomological Society and Malaysian Plant Protection Society, 2011. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Introduction colored eyes was found on rice plants in a greenhouse in Suwon, Republic of Korea. Here, we report the mode of genetic inheritance of Eye color mutants are commonly found in many insect species. Many the orange-eye phenotype in BPH and its fundamental biological researchers have studied their genetic inheritance and physiological characters. effects (e.g. viability, fecundity) (Spencer, 1928; Al-Hakkak et al., 1985; Taylor and Cuevas, 1986; Rananavare et al., 1989; Shimizu and Kawasaki, 2001; Snodgrass, 2002; Rasgon and Scott, 2004; Ichiki et al., Materials and methods 2007), biochemical and molecular mechanisms of pigmentation regulation (Hiraga, 1964; Summers and Howells, 1978; Puckett and Experimental population of BPH Petty, 1980; Summers et al, 1982; White et al., 1996; Lorenzen et al., 2002; Rasgon and Scott, 2004; Moraes et al., 2005), and behavior An orange-eye BPH mutant was found in the greenhouse of (mating attraction, mating frequency, and competition) (Shimizu and National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), Suwon in May 2006. Several Kawasaki, 2001; Pires et al., 2002). In addition, eye color mutants and macropterous females and males and nymphs of the orange-eye BPH their related genes have recently been studied as potential genetic mutant were collected and allowed to mix with the normal-eye, markers for transformation in various insects (White et al., 1996; macropterous BPH colony (2005-BPH, Seo et al., 2010) in a rearing Lorenzen et al., 2002; Yan et al., 2008). cage (W30×L50×H25 cm). The mixed colony was maintained on In Delphacidae (Hemiptera), red-eye mutants were reported in the Ilpumbyeo seedlings (a japonica type rice cultivar). BPH rearing and small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén) (Ishii, 1966) all experiments were carried out at 25±2 °C, 60±5% RH and 15L:9D and the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) photoperiod. (Mochida, 1970). Mutants were controlled by single autosomal The normal type BPH usually has dark-red eyes during the egg and recessive gene in both. A new mutant form of BPH with orange- early nymphal stages. The compound eyes are dark yellow in the fifth nymphal stage and the adult stage. In the orange-eye BPH, orange eyes occur in all developmental stages from egg to adult regardless of ⁎ Corresponding author at: Tel.: +82 31 290 6793; fax: +82 31 290 6773. sex, wing form, and body color (Fig. 1). This mutant was named as E-mail address: [email protected] (J.K. Jung). “orange-eye BPH” based on the yellowish red eye color in bright light. 1226-8615/$ – see front matter © Korean Society of Applied Entomology, Taiwan Entomological Society and Malaysian Plant Protection Society, 2011. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.aspen.2011.06.005 470 B.Y. Seo et al. / Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 14 (2011) 469–472 Fig. 1. Photographs of a normal-eye BPH (a, above; b, left; c, left; d, left) and an orange-eye BPH (a, below; b, right; c, right; d, right; e) in different developmental stages. a: Egg, b: first instar nymph, c: fifth instar nymph, d and e: adult. Cross-mating experiment female died. Seedlings with eggs were kept until the eggs hatched. The phenotype was determined immediately after hatching and their Inheritance of orange-eye phenotype was examined through sexes were determined in adult stage. In the case that the orange-eye reciprocal crosses between normal- and orange-eye BPHs, several phenotype was controlled by a single autosomal recessive allele, it combinations of F1 inbreedings, and back-crosses. For each cross, was expected that ratios for the F2 and back-cross progenies would be unmated females and males were prepared by isolating fifth instar 3:1 and 1:1 (normal-eye to orange-eye), respectively, and the ratio of nymphs in glass tubes (3 cm diameter, 20 cm height) containing female to male offspring in each eye color phenotype would be 1:1. fresh rice seedlings. When adults emerged, one male/female pair The gene symbol related to the orange-eye mutant was designated as was introduced into a glass tube with a fresh rice seedling. Each “org”. Data were analyzed by χ2 tests for the goodness of fitofthe male/female pair was transferred to a new tube every day until the expected phenotypic ratio and sex ratio in each phenotype. Table 1 The mode of inheritance of the orange-eye phenotype in BPH. Cross Mating No. Expected ratio Observed phenotype of progeny of of the Female Male Nymph Adulta pairs theoretical segregation Phenotype Phenotype Orange Normal Total Orange Normal Chi-square O♀ O♂ N♀ N♂ Expected sex ratio of Expected sex ratio of 2 (genotype) (genotype) no. of (χ 0.05, 1) orange-eye normal-eye progeny (♀:♂=1:1) (♀:♂=1:1) Chi-square Chi-square 2 2 (χ 0.05, 1) (χ 0.05, 1) 1 Orange Orange 12 1 0 1030 1030 0 74 97 0 0 3.09 (org/org) (org/org) 2 Orange Normal 2 1 1 187 101 86 1.20 5 9 6 13 1.14 2.58 (org/org) (+/org) 3 Orange Normal 8 0 1 641 0 641 0 0 171 186 0.63 (org/org) (+/+) 4 Normal Orange 4 0 1 486 0 486 0 0 174 133 5.48b (+/+) (org/org) 5 Normal Orange 7 1 1 1595 777 818 1.05 263 251 254 293 0.28 2.78 (+/org) (org/org) 6 Normal Normal 7 1 3 1681 441 1240 1.37 133 127 317 359 0.14 2.61 (+/org) (+/org) 7 Normal Normal 2 0 1 213 0 213 0 0 –c – (+/org) (+/+) 8 Normal Normal 14 0 1 2087 0 2087 0 0 540 629 6.78b (+/+) (+/+) a Not all progenies from each cross mating were observed about the sex ratio in adult stage (O: orange-eye, N: normal-eye). b Indicates that the sex ratio was significantly different from 1:1 (cross 4, P=0.02; cross 8, P=0.01). c Not observed. B.Y. Seo et al. / Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 14 (2011) 469–472 471 Table 2 Developmental period and survival rate of the nymphal stages of homozygous BPHs and heterozygous BPH. Cross Phenotype and n Nymphal duration (days, mean±sd) Survival rate (%) a ♀×♂ genotype of F1 during nymphal stage 1st stadium 2nd stadium 3rd stadium 4th stadium 5th stadium Total progeny Normal (+/+)×normal (+/+) Normal (+/+) 60 3.03±0.18 2.24±0.43 2.61±0.49 2.78±0.42 3.85±0.69 14.57±0.60 96.7 Orange (org/org)×normal (+/+) Normal (+/org) 60 3.12±0.42 2.12±0.45 2.20±0.44b 2.76±0.50 4.05±0.76 14.32±0.98 95.0 Orange (org/org)×orange (org/org) Orange (org/org) 60 2.92±0.33 2.45±0.53b 2.30±0.50b 2.65±0.55 4.40±0.73b 14.74±1.04 95.0 a Nymphal survival rates were not significantly different among three different genotypes by the log-rank test and the Wilcoxon test at the 95% confidence level (log-rank, P=0.73; Wilcoxon, P=0.96). b Indicates that there is significant difference in comparison with normal (+/+) BPH by Dunnett's t-Tests (α=0.05). Comparison of biological characters between mutant and normal BPH suggest that the inheritance of the orange-eye phenotype is controlled by a single autosomal recessive allele according to the Mendel's law, The developmental duration and survival rate of nymphal stages and is not in the sex chromosome.
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