The Changing Face of Parties and Party Systems Sunil K

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Changing Face of Parties and Party Systems Sunil K The Changing Face of Parties and Party Systems Sunil K. Choudhary The Changing Face of Parties and Party Systems A Study of Israel and India Sunil K. Choudhary Developing Countries Research Centre University of Delhi Delhi, India ISBN 978-981-10-5174-6 ISBN 978-981-10-5175-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-5175-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017946713 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover illustration: ©imageBROKER / Alamy Stock Photo Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore Preface The number 14 assumes significance in the literary, academic and personal domains of India in general and by the author in particular. In Hindu mythological scripture – the Ramayana - ‘14 years’ became related to the exile of Lord Rama to follow the directions of his father, Lord Dashratha, with unequivocal obedience. ‘Fourteen’ is the date when the author of the book was born in New Delhi, the capital of India, in January 1968. The number 14 is also linked to the culmination of the author’s struggle. After failing to be selected at thirteen colleges of the University of Delhi, the author was finally selected as a regular faculty at Shyam Lal College Evening, University of Delhi, which became the academic abode in his fourteenth attempt. ‘Fourteen’ is also associated with the joining of the author as a professor of Political Science at the University of Delhi in the year 2014. And, finally, it is the fourteenth year since the return of the author from Tel Aviv University, Israel, after completing his postdoctoral research during 2002–2003 that this work seems to be seeing the light of publication in 2017. The academic trajectory of writing the manuscript on Israel and India began in 2003 after my return from Israel. Writing on a nation with innumerous similarities in terms of culture, history, society, economy and v vi Preface polity vis a vis India unknown to the external world, at least in terms of academic literature, became an important challenge. Election after elec- tion passed in the two democratic nations and my penchant for accom- modating the latest developments with formative events kept on increasing. Meanwhile, I got another postdoctoral engagement at the University of Oxford during 2010–11 that diverted the focus of my research attention and engagement, from Israeli parties to the Indian diaspora in Britain. Throughout the decade since my arrival from Israel, I kept on writing on different issues related to Israel and India. Fortunately, from 2006 to 2016, I attended five meetings of the World Congress of International Political Science Association, held in Fukuoka, Santiago, Madrid, Montreal and Poznan, and presented my papers with comparative perspectives on Israel and India by covering many topics from democra- cies to parties, civil society to nationalism, and finally to subalterns and marginals. The scholarly feedback on my papers with rich inputs kept on strengthening my desire not to stop until I had produced a classic work on the two nations. The year 2014 marked a real watershed in my long academic journey covering Israel and India. My joining the Department of Political Science, University of Delhi, as a professor in 2014 and my nomination as Director of the Developing Countries Research Centre (DCRC), Univer- sity of Delhi, in 2015 by Hon’ble Vice Chancellor Professor Dinesh Singh made me strive towards my mission of translating all my collected and collective ideas in the form of a seminal work. The finishing touch was made when the University of Delhi approved my proposal for a postgrad- uate course on Israel for the academic session 2016–17. The course, titled ‘Society, State and Politics: Comparing Israel and India’, received tremen- dous support and intake from students, including foreign nationals. It was during the course of my continuous interactions and consistent engage- ments with my students and scholars that my Vision was transformed into a Mission, with Springer and Palgrave Macmillan becoming the flight carriers. The present work is an honest attempt to highlight the similarities amidst the differences between Israel and India against the backdrop of parliamentary governance, coalitional polity and party systems. It Preface vii underlines the democratic journey of the two parliamentary nations, particularly from the late nineteenth century until contemporary times, delineating the transitions and transformations, continuities and convul- sions, movements and momentums that the two nations have been undergoing since their emergence as independent political entities. Much to the discomfort of those Western scholars who had seen the Israeli party system as either ‘baffling’ or ‘decimating’ and the Indian counterpart as ‘dal dal’ (chaotic in view of a multiplicity of parties), the contemporary party systems in the two parliamentary nations have actually attempted to transform democracies into accountable polities. The holding of the 20th elections for the Knesset and the 16th elections for the Lok Sabha (the lower house of Parliament) tells the success stories of the two unique parliamentary systems which have succeeded in with- standing the trends of authoritarianism, dictatorship and undemocratic militant takeovers witnessed in different parts of the world. The present work thus delineates many forms and formulations, con- cepts and conceptualizations, ideas and idealizations that would leave scope for further research and explorations in the discipline of social sciences. The elections in the twenty-first century in both Israel and India have witnessed many new trends that also need to be theorized by social scientists across the globe. The shift from a one-party dominated government to a one-party headed coalition, the formulation of the Mapaivot and Coalitional Multipolarity, Salience of the Silence – the Silent Voters - replacing floating voters, the politics of re-alignment taking over alignment and de-alignment, and the emergence of pan parties as an alternative to the ‘umbrella parties’ are some of the emerging trends seen in both Israel and India. Further, party formations on the basis of the I4 as well as the C5 party-building models in contemporary times could be seen as new theorizations that need to be examined under competitive party systems across the globe. Theorization of these new terms and formulations would further require serious social science understanding in the context of empirical investigations by scholars and social scientists in different parliamentary democratic nations around the world. The completion of my research work has incurred innumerable debts. My doctoral supervisor, Professor M.P. Singh, formerly with the Department of viii Preface Political Science, University of Delhi, provided his magnanimous helping hand during the entire course of the completion of my post-doctoral work at Tel Aviv University, Israel. His generosity, cordiality and benevolence have left an indelible imprint that has received consistent exposure in my research commitments. I owe my sincere thanks to Professor Yogesh Atal, who retired as Principal Director of Social and Human Sciences at UNESCO, Paris. Working with him for two of my projects on Corruption and Election improved my understanding of the subject and strengthened my focus on the criticality of social science analysis. It would not be an exaggeration to admit that his consistent supervision, persuasive guidance and generous directions along with critical comments carved out a new academic persona in me. He is responsible for elevating me to a new saga of ‘real academics’. No one could have expressed so much happiness for the publication of this work from an international press than my sister, Dr Kanchan Jain, currently working as a principal with the Directorate of Education, Government of National Capital Territory, Delhi. Like a parent, her perennial support, inspiration and encouragement was a real panacea for me during the critical juncture of my undertaking research at Tel Aviv in 2002 and its rightful culmination in 2017. The work is also a tribute to my Daddyji and Chaiji who would have always seen me flying at the top of the academic world. I would like to express my gratitude to my friend, philosopher and guide Professor Ramesh Bhardwaj, Joint Director, DCRC, University of Delhi. Throughout the long period of crises and convulsions, his unflinching support made me resilient to the externalities and complex- ities of the day. It is due to his blessings and wishes that this work is coming out in the form of a book. I extend my profound thanks from the core of my heart to my loving students, Arun and Aashish, Arvind and Umesh, and my beloved students-cum-daughters, GPS, each letter referring to their names, viz., Garima, Preeti and Srishty, for their caring and sharing spirit.
Recommended publications
  • Chapter 43 Electoral Statistics
    CHAPTER 43 ELECTORAL STATISTICS 43.1 India is a constitutional democracy with a parliamentary system of government, and at the heart of the system is a commitment to hold regular, free and fair elections. These elections determine the composition of the Government, the membership of the two houses of parliament, the state and union territory legislative assemblies, and the Presidency and vice-presidency. Elections are conducted according to the constitutional provisions, supplemented by laws made by Parliament. The major laws are Representation of the People Act, 1950, which mainly deals with the preparation and revision of electoral rolls, the Representation of the People Act, 1951 which deals, in detail, with all aspects of conduct of elections and post election disputes. 43.2 The Election Commission of India is an autonomous, quasi-judiciary constitutional body of India. Its mission is to conduct free and fair elections in India. It was established on 25 January, 1950 under Article 324 of the Constitution of India. Since establishment of Election Commission of India, free and fair elections have been held at regular intervals as per the principles enshrined in the Constitution, Electoral Laws and System. The Constitution of India has vested in the Election Commission of India the superintendence, direction and control of the entire process for conduct of elections to Parliament and Legislature of every State and to the offices of President and Vice- President of India. The Election Commission is headed by the Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners. There was just one Chief Election Commissioner till October, 1989. In 1989, two Election Commissioners were appointed, but were removed again in January 1990.
    [Show full text]
  • Growing Cleavages in India? Evidence from the Changing Structure of Electorates, 1962-2014
    WID.world WORKING PAPER N° 2019/05 Growing Cleavages in India? Evidence from the Changing Structure of Electorates, 1962-2014 Abhijit Banerjee Amory Gethin Thomas Piketty March 2019 Growing Cleavages in India? Evidence from the Changing Structure of Electorates, 1962-2014 Abhijit Banerjee, Amory Gethin, Thomas Piketty* January 16, 2019 Abstract This paper combines surveys, election results and social spending data to document the long-run evolution of political cleavages in India. From a dominant- party system featuring the Indian National Congress as the main actor of the mediation of political conflicts, Indian politics have gradually come to include a number of smaller regionalist parties and, more recently, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). These changes coincide with the rise of religious divisions and the persistence of strong caste-based cleavages, while education, income and occupation play little role (controlling for caste) in determining voters’ choices. We find no evidence that India’s new party system has been associated with changes in social policy. While BJP-led states are generally characterized by a smaller social sector, switching to a party representing upper castes or upper classes has no significant effect on social spending. We interpret this as evidence that voters seem to be less driven by straightforward economic interests than by sectarian interests and cultural priorities. In India, as in many Western democracies, political conflicts have become increasingly focused on identity and religious-ethnic conflicts
    [Show full text]
  • Chap 2 PF.Indd
    Credit: Shankar I ts chptr… The challenge of nation-building, covered in the last chapter, was This famous sketch accompanied by the challenge of instituting democratic politics. Thus, by Shankar appeared electoral competition among political parties began immediately after on the cover of his collection Don’t Spare Independence. In this chapter, we look at the first decade of electoral Me, Shankar. The politics in order to understand original sketch was • the establishment of a system of free and fair elections; drawn in the context of India’s China policy. But • the domination of the Congress party in the years immediately this cartoon captures after Independence; and the dual role of the Congress during the era • the emergence of opposition parties and their policies. of one-party dominance. 2021–22 chapter 2 era of one-party dominance Challenge of building democracy You now have an idea of the difficult circumstances in which independent India was born. You have read about the serious challenge of nation-building that confronted the country right in the beginning. Faced with such serious challenges, leaders in many other countries of the world decided that their country could not afford to have democracy. They said that national unity was their first priority and that democracy will introduce differences and conflicts. In India,…. Therefore many of the countries that gained freedom from colonialism …hero-worship, plays a part “ experienced non-democratic rule. It took various forms: nominal in its politics unequalled democracy but effective control by one leader, one party rule or direct in magnitude by the part army rule.
    [Show full text]
  • Hindutva and Anti-Muslim Communal Violence in India Under the Bharatiya Janata Party (1990-2010) Elaisha Nandrajog Claremont Mckenna College
    Claremont Colleges Scholarship @ Claremont CMC Senior Theses CMC Student Scholarship 2010 Hindutva and Anti-Muslim Communal Violence in India Under the Bharatiya Janata Party (1990-2010) Elaisha Nandrajog Claremont McKenna College Recommended Citation Nandrajog, Elaisha, "Hindutva and Anti-Muslim Communal Violence in India Under the Bharatiya Janata Party (1990-2010)" (2010). CMC Senior Theses. Paper 219. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/219 This Open Access Senior Thesis is brought to you by Scholarship@Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusion in this collection by an authorized administrator. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CLAREMONT McKENNA COLLEGE HINDUTVA AND ANTI-MUSLIM COMMUNAL VIOLENCE IN INDIA UNDER THE BHARATIYA JANATA PARTY (1990-2010) SUBMITTED TO PROFESSOR RODERIC CAMP AND PROFESSOR GASTÓN ESPINOSA AND DEAN GREGORY HESS BY ELAISHA NANDRAJOG FOR SENIOR THESIS (Spring 2010) APRIL 26, 2010 2 CONTENTS Preface 02 List of Abbreviations 03 Timeline 04 Introduction 07 Chapter 1 13 Origins of Hindutva Chapter 2 41 Setting the Stage: Precursors to the Bharatiya Janata Party Chapter 3 60 Bharat : The India of the Bharatiya Janata Party Chapter 4 97 Mosque or Temple? The Babri Masjid-Ramjanmabhoomi Dispute Chapter 5 122 Modi and his Muslims: The Gujarat Carnage Chapter 6 151 Legalizing Communalism: Prevention of Terrorist Activities Act (2002) Conclusion 166 Appendix 180 Glossary 185 Bibliography 188 3 PREFACE This thesis assesses the manner in which India’s Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) has emerged as the political face of Hindutva, or Hindu ethno-cultural nationalism. The insights of scholars like Christophe Jaffrelot, Ashish Nandy, Thomas Blom Hansen, Ram Puniyani, Badri Narayan, and Chetan Bhatt have been instrumental in furthering my understanding of the manifold elements of Hindutva ideology.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of Regional Politics in India: a Study of Coalition of Political Partib in Uhar Pradesh
    DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL POLITICS IN INDIA: A STUDY OF COALITION OF POLITICAL PARTIB IN UHAR PRADESH ABSTRACT THB8IS SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF fioctor of ^IHloKoplip IN POLITICAL SaENCE BY TABRBZ AbAM Un<l«r tht SupMvMon of PBOP. N. SUBSAHNANYAN DEPARTMENT Of POLITICAL SCIENCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALI6ARH (INDIA) The thesis "Development of Regional Politics in India : A Study of Coalition of Political Parties in Uttar Pradesh" is an attempt to analyse the multifarious dimensions, actions and interactions of the politics of regionalism in India and the coalition politics in Uttar Pradesh. The study in general tries to comprehend regional awareness and consciousness in its content and form in the Indian sub-continent, with a special study of coalition politics in UP., which of late has presented a picture of chaos, conflict and crise-cross, syndrome of democracy. Regionalism is a manifestation of socio-economic and cultural forces in a large setup. It is a psychic phenomenon where a particular part faces a psyche of relative deprivation. It also involves a quest for identity projecting one's own language, religion and culture. In the economic context, it is a search for an intermediate control system between the centre and the peripheries for gains in the national arena. The study begins with the analysis of conceptual aspect of regionalism in India. It also traces its historical roots and examine the role played by Indian National Congress. The phenomenon of regionalism is a pre-independence problem which has got many manifestation after independence. It is also asserted that regionalism is a complex amalgam of geo-cultural, economic, historical and psychic factors.
    [Show full text]
  • KARPOORI THAKUR (24 January 1924-17 February 1988)
    KARPOORI THAKUR (24 January 1924-17 February 1988) Veteran Socialist leader Karpoori Thakur, son of Gokul Thakur & Ramdulari Devi, was born at Ismail Nagar alias Pitaunjhia (now renamed to Karpuri Gram) village of the Samastipur District of British India on 24th January 1924. He was educated at Upper Primary School, Pitaujhjia Middle English School, Tajpur, Tirhut Academy, Samastipur and Chandradhari Mithila College, Darbhanga. He Studied up to III year B.A. As a student activist, he left his graduate college to join the Quit India Movement of 1942. For his participation in the Indian independence movement, he spent 26 months in prison during National movement. He was Librarian, Youth Library in Home Village, 1935-40.Member, Students' Federation, 1937- 42.Assistant Secretary, Bihar Pradeshik Kisan Sabha, 1947. Secretary, (i) Bihar Pradeshik Kisan Sabha, 1948-52, (ii) Bihar Relief Committee; Member, Central Committee of Akhil Bhartiya Hind Kisan Panchayat; Member, Bihar State Level Bhoodan or Sarvodaya Committee. After India gained independence, Karpoori Thakur worked as a teacher in his village school. He became a member of the Bihar Vidhan Sabha during first general elections in 1952 as Socialist Party candidate and almost remained member of Vidhan Sabha till his death. He was Political and Social Worker, previously associated with the Congress Socialist Party, Socialist Party, Praja Socialist Party, Samyukta Socialist Party, Samyukta Socialist Party (Lohia), Bharatiya Lok Dal, Janata Party, Janata Party (S), Lok Dal (K), Janata Party, Dalit Mazdoor Kisan Party and Lok Dal. Karpoori Thakur was Secretary, Darbhanga District Congress Socialist Party, 1945-47. Joint Secretary/Secretary, Bihar Socialist Party, 1948-52.During 1952-72, he held the offices of (i) Provincial Secretary, Praja Socialist Party, Bihar, (ii) Member, National Working Committee of All-India Praja Socialist Party, (iii) Chairman, Samyukta Socialist Party, Bihar.
    [Show full text]
  • 2020101479.Pdf
    PUBLIC LJFE AND VQLUNTARYSOCIAL SERVICE ORGANIZATIONS The connotation of p~blic life covers all politicalandsocial activitios concemed with the life of the community at latge. The aspect of public life- in the di~trict is reflee-ted by the activity of recognized and organized political parties and representation of the district in the legislative chambers at Central and State level. 1st General Elections (Lok Sabha) .- The First General Elections were held in 1952. In spite of doubts expressed about the wisdom ofadult suffrage the results fully justified the confidence reposed in the common man and r<tised the credit of India in international spherel, The present Faridabad district was a part of Gurgaon .Parliamentary Constituency in the General Elections of 1952. This parliamentary constituency was a single-rnember one and it retumed a Congress candidate. The political patties (the Indian National Congress arid Zamindarafarty)and independenb entered the fray. The General Elections of 19S7toLokSabha.- The extentof thesingle- \ . member' parliamentary constituency of Gurgaon' rema:ined unchanged. The constituency returned a Congress cahdidate,'The Indian National Congress and the Bharatiya Jan Sangh contested the,elections. Third General Elections of 1962 (Lok Sabha).- As in the- previous elections, the district remained tagged with the Gurgaon Parliamentary Constituency. It was a single-member constituency. It retumed a Congress candidate to the. Lok Sabha. The political patties.the. Indian National Congress, the Bharatiya Jan 8angh, the Republican Party and Independents enteled the political contest. The General Elections of 1967' (Lok Sabha) .- This time the single parliamentary constituency of Gurgaon unlike the previous elections, returnod an inde~ndent candidate.
    [Show full text]
  • Edinburgh Research Explorer
    Edinburgh Research Explorer India after the 2014 General Elections Citation for published version: Schakel, A, Sharma, CK & Swenden, W 2019, 'India after the 2014 General Elections: BJP dominance and the crisis of the third party system', Regional & Federal Studies, vol. 29, no. 3. https://doi.org/10.1080/13597566.2019.1614921 Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.1080/13597566.2019.1614921 Link: Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research Explorer Document Version: Peer reviewed version Published In: Regional & Federal Studies Publisher Rights Statement: This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Regional & Federal Studies on 14 May 2019, available online: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13597566.2019.1614921. General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 29. Sep. 2021 India after the 2014 General Elections: BJP dominance and the crisis of the third party system Arjan H. Schakel, Chanchal Kumar Sharma and Wilfried Swenden Abstract This article critically assesses claims that India has entered a new party system after the 2014 general elections, marked by renationalisation with the BJP as the new ‘dominant’ party.’ To assess these claims, we examine the electoral rise of the BJP in the build-up to and since the 2014 general elections until the state assembly elections in December 2018.
    [Show full text]
  • LIST of RECOGNISED NATIONAL PARTIES (As on 11.01.2017)
    LIST OF RECOGNISED NATIONAL PARTIES (as on 11.01.2017) Sl. Name of the Name of President/ Address No. Party General secretary 1. Bahujan Samaj Ms. Mayawati, Ms. Mayawati, Party President President Bahujan Samaj Party 4, Gurudwara Rakabganj Road, New Delhi –110001. 2. Bharatiya Janata Shri Amit Anilchandra Shri Amit Anilchandra Shah, Party Shah, President President Bharatiya Janata Party 11, Ashoka Road, New Delhi – 110001 3. Communist Party Shri S. Sudhakar Reddy, Shri S. Sudhakar Reddy, of India General Secretary General Secretary, Communist Party of India Ajoy Bhawan, Kotla Marg, New Delhi – 110002. 4. Communist Party Shri Sitaram Yechury, Shri Sitaram Yechury, of General Secretary General Secretary India (Marxist) Communist Party of India (Marxist) ,A.K.Gopalan Bhawan,27-29, Bhai Vir Singh Marg (Gole Market), New Delhi - 110001 5. Indian National Smt. Sonia Gandhi, Smt. Sonia Gandhi, Congress President President Indian National Congress 24,Akbar Road, New Delhi – 110011 6. Nationalist Shri Sharad Pawar, Shri Sharad Pawar, Congress Party President President Nationalist Congress Party 10, Bishambhar Das Marg, New Delhi-110001. 7. All India Ms. Mamta Banerjee, All India Trinamool Congress, Trinamool Chairperson 30-B, Harish Chatterjee Street, Congress Kolkata-700026 (West Bengal). LIST OF STATE PARTIES (as on 11.01.2017) S. No. Name of the Name of President/ Address party General Secretary 1. All India Anna The General Secretary- No. 41, Kothanda Raman Dravida Munnetra in-charge Street, Chennai-600021, Kazhagam (Tamil Nadu). (Puratchi Thalaivi Amma), 2. All India Anna The General Secretary- No.5, Fourth Street, Dravida Munnetra in-charge Venkatesware Nagar, Kazhagam (Amma), Karpagam Gardens, Adayar, Chennai-600020, (Tamil Nadu).
    [Show full text]
  • Proquest Dissertations
    u Ottawa I .'I 'nr.ciMIr i : nt. n f 11 -i in<' i '.•in.ul;i''i mil'. i'i <\l\ f ITTTT FACULTE DES ETUDES SUPERIEURES «^=l FACULTY OF GRADUATE AND ET POSTOCTORALES U Ottawa POSDOCTORAL STUDIES L'University canadienne Canada's university Jacinthe Marcil AUTEUR DE LA THESE / AUTHOR OF THESIS M.A. (Political Science) GRADE/DEGREE School of Political Studies FACULTE, ECOLE, DEPARTEMENT / FACULTY, SCHOOL, DEPARTMENT Political Awakening, Identity Formation and the Other's Survival: Bihar's Internal Re-Organization TITRE DE LA THESE / TITLE OF THESIS Andre Laliberte DIRECTEUR (DIRECTRICE) DE LA THESE / THESIS SUPERVISOR CO-DIRECTEUR (CO-DIRECTRICE) DE LA THESE / THESIS CO-SUPERVISOR EXAMINATEURS (EXAMINATRICES) DE LA THESE/THESIS EXAMINERS Cedric Jourde Dominique Arel Gary W. Slater Le Doyen de la Faculte des etudes superieures et postdoctorales / Dean of the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies Political Awakening, Identity Formation and the other's Survival: Bihar's Internal Re-organization Jacinthe Marcil Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the M. A. in Political Studies School of Political Studies Faculty of Social Sciences University of Ottawa © Jacinthe Marcil, Ottawa, Canada, 2009 Library and Archives Bibliotheque et 1*1 Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 OttawaONK1A0N4 Canada Canada Your file Voire reference ISBN: 978-0-494-61165-4 Our file
    [Show full text]
  • ABBREVIATIONS.Pdf
    ABBREVIATIONS (Only principal abbreviations used in the book are listed below) ADMK Anna Dravida Munnertra Kazhagam AGP Asom Gana Parishad AIADMK All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam AIFB All India Forward Bloc AITC All India Trinamool Congress AIR All India Reporter APHLC All Party Hill Leaders’ Conference App. Appendix Art./Arts. Article/Articles of the Constitution of India ATR Action Taken Report AVR Automatic Vote Recorder BAC Business Advisory Committee BALCO Bharat Aluminum Company Limited BHEL Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited BJD Biju Janata Dal BJP Bharatiya Janata Party BKD Bharatiya Kranti Dal BLD Bharatiya Lok Dal Bn. (I)/(II) Rajya Sabha Bulletin Part I/II BPF Bodoland People’s Front BSNL Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited BSP Bahujan Samaj Party C&AG Comptroller & Auditor General of India (xv) (xvi) c. Column (s) in the Debates C.A. Deb. Constituent Assembly Debates C.S. Deb. Council of States Debates CBI Central Bureau of Investigation CCTV Closed Circuit Television CGHS Central Government Health Scheme CHOGM Commonwealth Heads of Government Meet CIA Central Intelligence Agency CO Constitution Order Constitution Constitution of India COP Committee of Privileges COPLOT Committee on Papers Laid on the Table COPU Committee on Public Undertakings COR Committee on Rules COSL Committee on Subordinate Legislation Coun. Counting CPI Communist Party of India CPI(M) Communist Party of India (Marxist) CRC Camera Ready Copy Cr. PC Criminal Procedure Code CRPF Central Reserve Police Force CS Council of States DA Daily Allowance Dec. Declaration Digest Parliamentary Privileges—Digest of Cases (Lok Sabha Secretariat) DMK Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam DPA Department/Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs (xvii) DSP Democratic Socialist Party dt.
    [Show full text]
  • Is the Coalition Era Over in Indian Politics? Adnan Farooquia & E
    This article was downloaded by: [Columbia University] On: 06 December 2014, At: 19:49 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK The Round Table: The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ctrt20 Is the Coalition Era Over in Indian Politics? Adnan Farooquia & E. Sridharanb a Department of Political Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India b University of Pennsylvania Institute for the Advanced Study of India, New Delhi, India Published online: 04 Dec 2014. Click for updates To cite this article: Adnan Farooqui & E. Sridharan (2014): Is the Coalition Era Over in Indian Politics?, The Round Table: The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358533.2014.988457 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content.
    [Show full text]