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BIBLIOGRAPHY ON RADIOACTIVE FALLOUT ( 1965 - 1970 )
Bibliography Unit Library It Technical Information Section. Bhabha Atomic Bleaearch Centta Trombay, Bombay 85, India April 1971 We regret that some of the pages in the microfiche copy of this report may not be up to the proper legibility standards, even though the best possible copy was used for preparing the master fiche. BIBLIOGRAPHY ON RADIOACTIVE FALLOUT ( 1965 - 1970 )
J POEEWOKD
The subject of radioactive fallout has been attracting increasing attention in recent years in view cf the highly destructive effects pf nuclear explosions. Extensiva research is in progress on radioactive fallout and the interactions of ionizing radiations and radioactive materials with the biosphere and living organisms and the consequect effects on the health (v/elfrre) of mankind. An attempt is made in this bibliography to present the literature available on this subject and also the contiguous arsas with the view to assist researchers, engineers, administrators and other interested persons to utilise the information.
The bibliography contains nearly 600 r :\,-re.nces to literature published during the period 1965 ^c 1Q';0« iho references have been sorted into difierent categories. Under each heedi.ng, the rcateriai is listed alphabetically by author. For eaee of r&fyrence, author, report number and keyword indexes are also civen.
The m?.in sources of information used i\>r compiling ars: Nuclear Science Abstracts (MSA), IHI3 Atcraindsx, primary õ°u-nals and reports. Whenever KSA is referred to, its volume end abstract numbers are given at the bottoJd of the abstract.
The compiler of this bibliography is T-;iss 3..1. N.igarathna of the Bibliography Unit of the Library &• Technical Information Section of Bhabha Atomic Research Centre. Although ever;,' effort has been made to include all available published literature is this field, oraissions are inevitable in view of the vsstnsss of the literature on the subject. Any additions suggested -will be gratefully aclino7.'ledged arid incorporated in the revised version.
»;| CONTENTS
I. Bibliography 1
II. General 3
III. Analysis 22
IV. Animals 39
V. Atmosphere 47
VI. Contamination & Decontamination 61
VII. . Control & Monitoring 100
VIII. Dose Estimation 111
IX. " Environment 110 x. Pood & Pood Chain 152
XI. Marine Pood 146
XII. Milk 153
XIII. Human Beings 158
XIV. Ins trume nt ati on * 178
XV. Plants 184
XVI. Radiation Protection 187
XVII. Soil /03
XVIII, Water 206
XIX. Author Index 217
XX. Keyword Index 225
XXI, Report Number Index 230 - 1 -
I. BIBLIOGRAPHIES
Adams, A.E.; Stefani, L.J. 3I3LI0GRIPHY AND A3STMCTS: AHMED SERVICES AND OTflSR GOVERNMENT AGENCIES PUBLICATIONS ON NUCLEAR RADIATION, COMANi) OP3R1TIONAL EXPOSURE GUIDANCE, AND CONTAMINATION CONTROL LEVELS, AD-837275, Defense Atonic Support Agency, Washington, D.C., May 1968, 83 p.
.The bibliography is primarily intended to identify and compile military operational reference naterial published by the military services nnfl selected government agencies, which relate to nuclear radiation, command exposure guidance and contamination control levels. No attempt has been nado to list all service-sponsored or governnont agencies' publications ivhich do not relute directly to military peacetime or '.vartime operations, The synopsis given for each reference is not intended to cT/ver all the data of interest in the document. It is designed tu provide some of the highlights of the pertinent information as an indicator of the type of data that can be found in the document.
NQV : 23: 43795.
"*.E.; Voress, H.H. RIDIOACTIVE F'JLWUT. A BIBLIOGIlIFflY OF THE -70RLD'S LITISLiiTURE. TID-3086 (Suppl.2) USÀEC, 1965, Mar. p 262.
Included «re 1953 roferences to unclassified reports, journal articles, an-i other literature on the radioactive materials produced by nuclear explosion- The interactions of these materials with the biosphere and vdth its inhabiting organisms are the primary concern, but an attempt has also been nade~to cover contiguous areae. \ subject arrangement of the references is employed> and author and report availability indexes are provided. This supplement covers the period fron February 1962 through December 1983. Two prior reports in this series bear the numbers TID-3086 and TI3-3036 (Supplement l) and were published in 'feirch 1961 and July 1962, respectively.
3) TK3EXED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF CÜHTÍENT NUCLEAR &ÍEETZ LIT&UTIEÍE-.23. 0RNL~NSie-72. Feb.1970, 361 p.
Publications in the field of nuclear safety that were processed at the NSIC during July and August 1969 are cited. Developments relevant to the analysis and control of hazards associated with nulclear reactors, operations involving fissionable materials, and the> products of nuclear fission are included. The citations are sortod into 18 categories, and author and keyword indexes are provided. 4) Lueck, H, * PADIATION EFFECTS ON POOD (INCL. E1DIOACTIVB CONTAMINATION) *:
.\EDL-6-.02-06, June 1363, 274 p.
\pproxi-".itely 1500 references to literature on radiation effects on food an-* radioactive eontanination of food aro presented. Titles listed arc in English, French, Gernan, and Italian. Report nunber, author, an-\,subject indexes are included.
NSA : 20 : 13136.
5) Kruaiewskij S.V. BI"3LI0Ciri/ú;:HY ON ..«'iDIOACTIVE Siä IN THE UNITED STATES. KE-4110. Hay 1070, 136 p.
A compilation of references selected by evaluation of their usefulness is presented. The najority of the publications were issued in the ?eriod 1950 to early 1970. A few itens published prior to 1950 aro also included.
6) Phillip, H. BI3LI0GR4?ai3S IN NÜCLE.U SCIJNCE AND TEffliiöLOGY. \SD-C-13-04. 1966, 144 p.
Abstracts are presented on 212 reports fron the atonic energy international litonture on decontanination nethods and equipnent. \uthor and report nunber indexes are included.
MS\ í 20: 43569
7) Phillip, H.; rrichnann, E. 3I3LI0G;Í;'Í?HIÍ;S IN NUGLSLS 3CIMCE iND TECHNOLOGY ^ (in Several Languages) \ED-C-13-6, Oct.1968, 45 p.
Ovor two hundred and fifty references arc presented under ythe following headings: -lecontaninatiun of buildings an^l equipment, decontamination >f nat;rial, decontanination of persons and animals, decontamination of liquids, decontanination of gases, general, and reviev? articles and bibliographies. Author, number, and patent nunber indexes are included. The period covered is 1966 .and 1967.
NS1 : 23 : 29462 - 3 -
3) Schmidt, H.D.; Beising, K. : • BIBLIOGMYPIIISS IN NUCLEUS SCIENCE .aro TECHNOLOGY, SECTION 02. CONTV"IN\TION iND DSCOiJTr(IN.\TION OF FOOD, (in Genan). AS7>-C-O2-O7, Mar. 1967, 80 p. Three hun^rod in^ one references are presented to conferences, dissertations, patents, reports, journal«, and books containing literature on the contamination and docontamination of foofls. Author, ptit'nt, report, and subject n-ntter indexes ire included. NSA : 22 : 6792.
Schnidt, H.D.; Seising, X. 9I3LI0GBU"HIES IN HUCLTut SCIuNCia J« TECHNOLOGY, SUCTION 02. CONT'lMIN YTCOH ilsfJO ^ÜCOMTA !IN .TI .'N OF 7000. (in English anc1. Gernan). \3D-C-02-08. Apr.1968, 39 p.
Ipproxinately 350 references nra listed on radioactive contaninntior and decontanination of foodstuffs. References to net'iods of noasurc nent and separation are also given. Author an'1 subject indexes ore included.
NSA. : 22 : 51557
II.GENERAL.
10) ACTIVITIES IN TH2 DIVISION 0? IE.VLTH" «ÍY.SICS, APRIL 1, 1964 - 31, 1965. (in Japanese) JASSI-5014, Japan Vtomc Energy Research Inst., Tokyo, 137 p.
lies -arch an*l developnent progress is reported in sections on radiation control, nsteorological and oceano-graphical surveys and observations, and health physics. Papers and internal reports are listed.
NS\ : 20. : 20358
11) \rnaud, Y. P.iOIlTION HAZARD IN MODERN LIFE (in French). Presse Them. Clin.; 103: 81-6, 1966. Ti clarify the hazards of artificial radiation, a discussion is given of the characteristics of natural gas r/ell as noB-narte radiation. Natural radioactivity is discussed in two categories, cos-dc radiation and thermal radiation. The variations of cosnic radiation, depending on geographic location, and its implications on nansjed space exploration are nentioned. iladioisotopes in thermal baths and their possible effects are reviewed. Artificial radiation sources, both nedical an^ industrial are then considered.
contd..... Soniatic and genetic dangers of radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy aro discussed. The difficulty of evaluating radiation effects fron uaes of nuclear energy on the najoriiy of the population is stressed and the additional dose fron such §ources estinated at 055$, beyond the effect of natural radiation. Fallout fron nuclear weapon testing is discussed, and the possible resulting soiatic lesions and genetic hazards are considered, Artificial radioactivity is compared with natural radiation, and it is conclude;1 that the hazards of nan-mde radiation should not be to the public.
NS.\ : 21 : 45648.
12) Bad'in, V.l.; Sayapina, E.Ya.; Alferov,M.V.; Novikov,R.I. J3V\LUVTICN OP IU.DIATION HYZAIiDS FitOH N0N-EQUILLI33IUM SMlNiTIONS. (in Hue «inn). Gig. Sanit., Jul, 1070(no.7) p 51-54.
13) Bai, D.H.; Lee.S.C; Han, C.L. STUDIES ON R\DX0ACTTV3 C0NTAHIN1TI0N OF THE ATMOSKEEüä, SOIL, IGPJCULTIBIL PHODUCTS IN KCR31. (in Korean). J. Nucl.Sei.(Seoul), 7: 56-64, Oct.1967.
Investigations of radioactive contamination of atnosphere, soil and agricultural products in Korea have been conducted dui'ing 1961 to 1966. The results indiente that the atnosphere and biosphere are not yet dangerously c -ntariinated by radioactive faJlout rmrt there is very little possibility of affecting plants anrl nnirutl antfhhu^.an life.
NS\ : 22 : 36287.
14) Seklenishev, K.V. FOREIGN LWiSTIGlTIONS OF WE 3I0L0GIQ1L EFFECTS OF ATOIUC lliDIVriON IN THB0CS1N. AEC-tr-6641, pp 72-7. Translated fron Radioaktivnaya Zagryaznennost' Morei i Okeanov, Izdatel'stvo Nauka, Moscow, 1964.
Data published by the USA and the IilEil on contamination of oceans by fission products fron the testing of nuclear explosives and by waste disposal are critically reviewed.
NSA : 21 : 8476. -'•5 -
15) BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF FALLOUT IN AUSTRALIA EHKI EHBWCH NUCLB\B T.'K\?0NS EXPLOSIONS IN 3H.S &CIFIC, JULY-SEPTE13ER. NP-18094. Mar.1069, 13p.
The results of a survey njade of fr«sh fission prorlucts in fallout fron French nuclear weapons tests in the South Pacific i July to Septe-iber 1968 are su-rarizod. Pull text of the survey report is attached as ail appendix.
NSA: 24 : 29723.
16) Bradley, r.\S. älDIOACTIVii! NUCLEAR B0M3 EiLLJUT: A RiSLiTIONd'U? BSTYãEN DEPOSITION, ilic CONCENTRATION, .AND iUIKEiLL. Atnos. Environ.; 4: 321-3. May 1970.
äeference is nadu to van der r'festhuizen v/ho formulated see relationships between the radioactivity concentration in air, in precipitation and in total deposition. The assumption is mads that the dry fallout in the collector represented a negligible part of the total deposition. This assunptiun is considered questionable, and is discussed. A reply by van der T?esthuizen is given.
NSA : 24 : 4412?.
17) CANAL CONSTRUCTION IN CENT-iAL lilEKICA: A 3I0L0GIC-\L C\nSTE0PHE. (In Bernau). Naturwiss. Rundseh.; 2,15: 209-10, May I960.
The feasibility of cnnstructißg sea-level canals in Central Vicrica by use of nuclear explosives was discussed briefly. In the past 25 yr 30 different possible routes have been * suggested for canals in the area between the Isthmus of Tehuantepec and Colombia. Of th«ee 5 appeared to be suitable for construction by use of nuclear explosives. These included Tehuantepec (Mexico), Nicaragua-Costa Bica, San 31as ant'. Sasardi 'lorti in Pannna, am1 Atrato-Truando in Columbia. The possible use of nuclear explosives raised the question of radioactive conta-iinatiom of the atmosphere and the oceans, even though dilution effects soon would decrease the possibilities of acute contanination of the surrounding areas. The possibilities of serious biological effects from canal construction bj' nuclear explosives was discussed in general terns.
NSA : 24 : 9545
lHEaBEBOI»«1l^^ - 6 - 18) Caspari, A. PHG3LSÍS iSISING FiiOí NUCLEI 3L1STING FOä OIL xND GA.S PRODUCTION (in German) Erdoel ICohle. (lOTO) v. 23(s) p.275-281.
19; Catsch, A. DSCOPJ?OEVTI:.)N OF raiilOACTITJ) IN J S^lBLE METAL IONS. CTERYPWTIC PRINCIPLES. Munich, Verlag Iforl Thiemig ICG, 1968, 82 p.
Thic nonograph ''eals with a relatively young and very specialized section of experimental and clânical medicine: the mobilization of potentially dangorous radionuclides from the organism of mammals including humans. The goal is the development of thera- peutic measures in cases of "radioactive poisoning" based on chemical and biological principles-as well as the analysis of data yielded by animal experiments. The lack of thorough clinica? experience is caused by the small number of accidents involving incorporation of raUoactive material. This fact justifies detailed presentation of experimental facts as well as "lore theoretical aspects. The publication emphasizes radioactive metals; however,, the basic principles as well as the practical conclusions can be applied to the therapy of poisoning by nonradioactive metals. This book is of interest in the following fields: radiation protection, internal medicine, nuclear medicine, radiology, radiobiology, pharmacology, and biochemistry.
NSl : 23: 35709
20) Coffer, H.F.; Luetkehans, G.R. ECONO'iICS OF NUCL3YR G1S STFIULITION. PNE-Br.20, CONF-700101-8, 1970, 25 p.
Nuclear stimulation of the Mesaverde Fornation in the Piceance Basin appears to .te the only available method that can release the enntained gas economically. In the Bulison Field alone estimates show six to eight trillion cubic feet of gas may be made available by nuclear means and possibly one hundred trillion cubic feet could be released in the Piceance Basin. Several problems remain to be solved before -this tremendous gas reserve can be tapped. Among these are: rates of production following nuclear stimulation; costs of nuclear stimulation; radioactivity of tire chimney ,was. Badiation contamination of the gas remains a problem. Three possible solutions to this problem are included.
NSi : 24 : 22834. - 7 -
21) DECOILPQÍUTION ÖP R1DI04CTIVE /sND STABLE :i2EAL IONS. SM-32, 1068, 82 ?.
This ponograph t'ea] s vith <\ relatively young w* very specialize;] section of experimental and clinical medicine: the mobilization of potentially dangerous radionuclides from the org.inisn if nan: als including humansi The goal is the ^evelopnent of therapeutic measures in casss of "radioactive poisoning" baser' on chemical an^ biological principles as r/el.' as the analysis of d:;ta yielded by animal experiments. The lack of thorough clinical experience is causei by the small numbers of accidents involving incorporation of radioactive material. This fact justifies detailed presentation of experimental facts as '.veil as nore theoretical .ispocts. The publications emphasizes radioactive "letais; however, the basic principles as well as the practical conclusions can bs applied to the therapy of poisoning by nonradioactive notais. This book is of interest in the following fie lis: radiation protiction, intcrn&l medicine, nuclear medicine, radiology, radiobiology, pharnacology, anil biochenistry,
N&\ í 23 : 35709.
22) De Moere, X. ESTIMATION OF \ LEVEL-GUIDE APPLICABLE TO THE ?0?ULiTI0:i IN Cidii OF IM.\L\TI0N OR INGESTION FOLLO^MG A NUCLE.U. CATASTiiO^B (in French). CONF-680507, pp 346-61. "
The studies nade on the consequences of a nuclear or tliemonucler.r conflict evaluate the destructive effects due to shock waves, incenrliary and burn effects due to thernal waves, and the radiation rate following initial radiations or local radioactive fallout. The nunbers citef* are so eloquent" on this point that it ein be aske'i if » study of the biological effects of radioactive fallout by contarination of the food chain or of the anbient air represents any interest fer the civilian or nilitary authorities because of the anplituie an*-1 urgency of the decisions to be taken following the primary effects of the explosion. The response appears positive if, conplirjeatarily to preventive and corrective -leasures taken to conbat the primary effects,' the following are also considered: t!\e necessity of using rapidly and as well as possible in the contaminate.' zones (or ihz irve-'iate proximity) the available hunan potential for the operations of rescue, restoration, retaliation, or ^efonse; the existence of low-power tactical atonic bonbsj the interest for the civilian or nilitary corr'ander of having available objective ele'-ents permitting hin to take, in spite of the general dis— Organisation, '~;cisions inposed ;>n Hin without noting mistakes of severa) or-^rs of na.^nitu^e in the evaluation of risks. The ourpose of the present stwV is th-on to define succinctly sone aspects of the problons connecter with tho ctmtanination of the environment by esrly or l^te fallout on" to present .?. nathenatical nodel pernitting the calculation of level-gui'los applicablo to the population in ttie cose of ingestion oi inhalati m of specific isotopes or isotopic nixtures.
NS\: 23 : 20194 - 8 -
23) Doran, *Y.T. MAGNITUDE OF ^SPOSIT^D ftuHONUCLIBS AÍ03LBM 31S3B ON FUTIBE USAGE: CIVILIAN ASPECTS. CONF-670521. Monogr. Nucl. Med. Biol., No.2,471-81, 1968.
lhe continuing expansion of the nuclear energy industry and the increasing production of radionuclides in isotope developnant, power reactors, an'1 in *vxny peaceful uses of nuclear energy, carry •within then the potential of an escalating jroblen of health and safety. On the »ther hand, planning for *irov«»ntion of such ->roblens has long been the established practice in the industry. The nagnitudo of the potential proble-i in ter-is of known ar^as in which there will be future usage, an-"1 the practical -.iroblen of health and safety ^equireTenis "ire reviewed. In broad terns, tho future uses of this increase pro'iuction of radionuclides can be categorized as: source of heat anJ power, "lexical \iagnostic and therapeutic applications, i-prove Tents in general technology including industrial ani r.frricultural, an'1 ne'? applications in scientific research. The relative significance, dispersion of operations, nu-iber if individuals involve^, an-l^sizc- of co'T'unity affected in each of these categories \ary greatly.
NS\ : 23 : 24650
24) Dore, 71. PHYSICAL ;iND Cf!3>CEC;iL CI3.UÍL1ÍCS3 0? ÒÍEJFAC^S TN NUCK1U TSCSINIOÜE3 ANO u-?LIGlTI0N3 (in French). Corros. Anti-Corros., 14: 221-32, July 1966.
The necessity of surface cleaning oxjcratlons in all fields, especially in nuclear anrl aerospace applications is discussed. The used for obtaining and checking cleanliness are described.
USA : 20 : 435i>3.
25) Dzhelepov, 3.S.; II'in, V.V.; Popovn, T.I.; Prilsho-ltseva, V.?. &V-ril-a'aiATI0N OF 66Ge. (in liissian). Izv. V-β^ Nau?i SSSR, Ser.Fiz., (ing. 1970) v. 34 (8>, 1666-1669.
26) , C.R.; Langley, 3.w.; \nno, G.H. ?0?UL\TT0N rlXr-lSU X ?IuOBV3ILITY ÍODIHL FOE EINDO-! KE-EÍTii? OF \
Nucl. Ap^l., 5: 74-8, Aug. 11)68.
1 satellite carrying radioactive -yitariril in a near-Sarth orbit has a.'finite probability of re-entering before the radioactivity his .decayed to.a har-iless level. If the re-entry is unplanned, it is nor-ially inpossible to predict the inp-nct point to a useful degree of accuracy. This paper deals with such cases. • contd.. - s -
The probability distribution function for latitude of inpact is 'iorivG'! for i ^cnoral ense. This function is then combined Tdth -in injury probability -iodei an'1 a population distribution -oriel to cnipute probabilities of injury. The results are correlato' as the 'epen^enco of probability of injury on latitude nn'l orbit.il inclination angle. It is shown th it probability of injury peaks for Tin orbital inclination of 30cto 60°. • N&\ : 22 : 4342^.
27) 3F57ZCTS 3V\LUVH0íí ?0... PllOJECT KULISÜN. , NVO-43. June 196'), 30 p.
hazards that "dreht rosult fro-'i the detonation of a 4C- kt n'3! nucleir c* ar«;o to be us« 1 in Project Sulison lier^ evTluí\te-'?. These include both seis-tic effects aná possible r?v1ãoactive conta-nination of the environment. A sun utry of the predictor! effects i\r\A recoTienrlations for the s'lfety of nil •personnel, nniials, an'" proporty in the area is presente1.
NS\ : 23 : 43424
28) 71LL0ÜT i::i0GilV!. barterly Sundry Heport, June l-Septcnber 1,1968. HlSL-200 (\ppl).; 0ct.l!)68, 364 j.
T>atn fro-i tb^ falliut pro^ran of the Health in* Safety L NS\ : 23 : 7095. 20) . Garber, R.I.; /sarasev, V.3.; Kolya^a, V.M.; Fedorenko, V.l. R\DI\TI0N S7ÜTTJÍ1ING "3.F: DilVialü OF 30:íE :ET.\L3 IN T3 PA^IITI^N FI3LD :J7 A NÜCL3UÍ 1.3iCT0S (in Prussian).. At. ^ünerjí. (USSR). {May 1970) v. 28{ö). p.406-410. - 10 - 30) HEALTH AND SAFETY ACTIVITIES REPORT FOR I966. GAT-R-397, Apr.1967, 80 p. The following aspects of Industrial Hygiene and Health Physics are summarized: contamination indices; continuous air samples? spot air samples (alpha activity); personnel monitoring program; nuclear afccident dosimetry program; releases; scrap and surplus materials surveys; special equipment surveys; community problems} consulation, special problems, and Eiscellaneous activities, industrial hygiene; urinary ^rogram; toxic solvents; hearing conservation! USA ; 21 t 24403. 51) Hinten, J.H.; Tenrple, C,J. OPERiTIMJ EXPERIEHCE '.1TE AIKBC?JiS ACTIVITY COKFINENENT SYSTEKS AT TEE SAVANNAH HI VER FLAUT. STl/PDB-195, c<3^680811. 1966, pp 753-61. Equipment was installed in the ventilation exhaust system of each reactor building at the Savannah River Plant tc collect and confine airborne radioactive particles and halogen vapors that might be released in a reactor accident. The equipment is continuously online and has been in service five years. The activity collection system in each reactor building consists of four active compartments and one spare. MSA : 23 : 29138. 32) Hvo stov, N.N.; Kostyakov, fc.S. SIGNIFICANCE OF SURFACE COSTAflHihTIGK BY RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES FOR OCCUPATIONAL HSA1TH. (in Russian). Gig. Sanit., 34: 37-41. Jan.1969. Experiments performed in a hot laboratory to determine the correlation between surface contamination by radioactive substances and radioactive pollution of the air in workplaces are reported. Results indicate that this correlation is not a direct one, as has been assumed by a number of authors, but is relatively complex and depends on various factors» in particular working conditions and the nature and size of the surface. In a hot cell in which no work is performed, the increase in sir pollution is negligible even where no ventilation is provided. 1TSA : 23 : AI3O9. _ 11 - 33) INCIDENTS ..^lATID TO NUCLEI á LFSTY IN XEG OPERATIONS. Nucl. Sifety. 7: 4i>5-8 (l%6) \ su-vary is present 34) Jacobs, Í. 3. \N\U-:TIC1L T.TVTCOLOGY O? IFDU3T-IIL INJilGiNIC rOISONS. 1*67, 068 -p. The sampling, nonsure->ent, an1 determination of various industrial ooisons inclu'infx gasss, s-.ilirls, an' liquids are discussed. J)etn.iled infor-yition is Riven on •''usts, silica, arsonic, lercury, anf3 '»"ther netils, oxygen, ozone, carbon lonoxifle, carbon '!ioxi'"o, i-'is nitrites, aiy' co^.üiun^s .if sulfur, phosphorous, nitr NSA : 22 : 18734. 35) Janik, J. CHIRICTHRISTIC liö CO ElßlSJN OF Tdl DESTRUCTIVE FACTliS Oj? NUCLKL-: '"E'lPONS OF S"i\LL \ND «IGIÍ ? A.D^637416, FTÖ-TT-64-1369, Tojsk Ladowych, 5: 125-40, 1963, 21 p. Data concerning the explosions of nuclear weapons ara presented, and the basic parameters of the ''esèructive factors of low an^bSihjh yield nuclear explosions are conpare'i. Hi^i power yiel-1 expl-isions rsfi?r to nuclear charges of explosive power equal to or .^reator thtin one -Hjgaton. Tho onersgr release-^ by a nuclear explosion ^ivi^es its 'estructive power as 50^> lechanical destructive force or shock wave, 35$ fhemal radiation, ancl 15i5 penetrating radiation and radioactive contamination of terrain. Conparisons of radioactive cloud fomation, shock wave "lagnitude and effective radius, thermal radiation dispersion, contamination of terrain, and cratering characteristics are presente1 for various size nuclear explosions. NSA : 21 : 30565 - 12 - 36) Kay, X. LOOK IT THE FUTWaS OF'HAZARDOUS CONT1ÜINÀTION OF THE CIEClTfOL id ^KT/IIiON" ENT, CQNF-670715. Arch,. Environ, üoalth, 17: 653-61, Oct.1968. Health hazards created by biological, chemical, an>' r wastes are -liscuss«'1 in relation to the exploitation of natural resources of Arctic regionn. Mealth hazards of chemical wastes, particularly pesticides, anr' industrial wastes fro-i mining nwi .„_ smelting of fissionable materials and the high concentration of Cs from fallout f'lun' in foo'' chains in -\rctic regions. NS\ : 23 : 20478. 37) Klein, II.F.; LIGHTS FOE illDIOUITIV^ 3U1F;C."3 CONTi'UNITION. pp 233-7. I compilation of reco'T'.cn^e^ ,'jnifies for r-irUoactive surface contamination an' liiits use^ hy U.a. G<)verment ar.nanizations, private organizations, an.l govern*Tents of other countrias is ijresente^. Surfico c-mtanination liiits ßiven for use in occupational arena an'' in non-controlled areas are applicable to skin, clothing, eqiuipiant, an^ other surfaces; e.g., floors, an 1 benches. Tables ire presents! of surface contamination guir'as for occupational exposure ari'^ for release to non-control!e^1 areas. Fron the available -.íatfi it appears that the surface contamination units in use in the United States are conservative anH have ^een effective in "lininizini radiation exposure. NSi : 23 : 2681!>. 38) Makihara, K. •iYDIOACTIVJ! CONTi:;IN\TION OF TIE OCEIN. (in Jaiianese). J. ?o?].ut. Contr.; 5: 255-63, Apr. 1969. Contamination of the ocean by radioactivity is proceeding ]>ecause of nuclear detonations an«1 ato-dc-powerefl ships. Tlie current rapid increase in atonic installations will have a crave influence in the fnture not only oa the fisheries but also on tbe health of hunan beings, :1a-'i o active contamination of the ocean is described in terns of: importance of the radioactive contamination of the ocean; ennccntration an^ accunulation of radioactivity in the naiine life and plants; characteristics of public hazards and the Minanata dâsease; public hazar^3 of atonic ener.'ry; nonitoring system an* international treaty concenniat the radioactive contamination of the oceans. MSI : 24 : 9625 3!)) Mishev, I.-: Kadicheva, ?f. BADIOICTIVE POLLUTION IN THH iRiii OF THE NUCLSiS IHT-IOOO (in Ruasian). Izv. Fiz. Inst. ineb. 3ulg. Akad. Nauk, 14: 57-65 (1966). Results are presented of two-year long measurements of the activity of soils, plants, aerosols an«1 se'-'er waters «ir1 wn.ters if the secnnd circle of the retictor, in the 'irea of the UtT-lOCO nuclear reactor, Sofia. The samples were periodically talcen fyrvi fixer1 points around the reactor and their specific ß activity •>y.is -ioasure.'1 after preliminary processing. The results show, with tbo methods apilied, that no pollution was discovered in the ina armnd the L.iT-1000 reactor during the period mentioned. The considerable increase1 activity of so-Te sanples at certain ti-Te is «'us to the- fallout which is constantly lirecipitatec' on the ground an-* v.'hich cirriee tho products of nuclear explosions in the atmosphere. NS.\. : 20 : 38535. 10) Nordyke, M.D. TECHNICAL ST 1TDS SlTi-...,.Y «)P PSSiCiSPUL USES Fill NUCLELU 2£rL0SIVQS. UC2L-72332, California Univ., Liveriore, Feb.1970, 79 p. A sunnary of tho technical status of peaceful uses of nuclear explosives is presented. Three categories of applications are desiirn.it»d as contained explosions, cratering events, and scientific research applications, such as for neutron and seisnic experiments an'' heavy elenent production. The explosion effects, specific uses, safety, and economics of contained an'' excavation explosions are ''escribed. It is concluded that: for contained applications, seisnic damage is a nore serious safety problen than radioactive contanination, the econnnic desirability of contained explosions has not yet been evaluated, and public reaction to these applications is uncertain; and for craturing events, both seis-iic r>.n1 contamination effects are safety linitations, although progress is being na'o in developing a relatively "clean" explosive. Nuclear excavation is limited to very large engineering projects (harbors, canals, etc) in previously undeveloped areas. Scientific applications to data have been by-products of nuclear tests for other purposes and will probably remain so ^ue to the expense involved. NS.\ : 24 : 22846. \ iinj .u k,'~r2r,~"-^—^-p^ .".•ji - 14 - 41) OPERATIONS PUN FOR OF?-SIT3 dULWEILLlNCE F03. TIIE IAUNCII OF V SN\?-1O. NP-17S05. May 1968, 20 p. The responsibilities tinr* detailed procedures for off—site nonitorinß by the South'.vestern Radiological Health Laboratory during the launch of SNAP-19 fron Vandonburß 1F3, California aro discussed. Topics include^ are selected sanple control and analytical procedures, detenimtion of ^ross alpha activity in sen witer inrJ natural water sanples, estimation of deposited alpha activity on soil, vugütition, and sinil^r sample types, estiTition of deposite'1 alpha activity on Flori, radioassay procedures, and general field procedures. NS\ : 23 : 20218. 42) "'•itterson, ~>.E. \CCID3NT ^Xl'EJ-IIi Ca OF Til'. USVSC IN TIIE 3JII?:Í3IÍT 1? CONF-60I001-, n; U.S. it'Tiic Tiinvriry Cnn:iission fiSC) contractors have been sMpperc of rM,di()activi: ;Tnt«rials for lore than twenty years. Since a record has *ioen accunulated of transportation accidents have involved these shipments. 3ased on an analysis of this «xporience, it is predicted th.it, during the near future, accide.uus can ?)c expects^1 at a rate yf 30 per year. However, it is expected tint in ei;»ht accidents only 'vill the material be released fro-i the paci NSA : 23 : 5e2. 43) Perotin, J.P.; "/erderer, 3. :U?)I0ACTIV5! CONTAMINATION IN WiKSIIOi'S :\ND Li30ElT0.iIü!3. VOIÍTIE II. COLLECTIVIS FROTTICTION TECHNIQUES. \ERE-Trans-1105. 02 p. __ The subject is reviewed under the following headings: General properties of contaminants (sedimentation, aerosols, gases and vapors, 'iffusim, eoarçulition); characteristics of atnos?)heric contamination (discharge of contaninant, localization in space, localization in tine, dispersion of contanination discharge'' with no initial velocity and aerosols with initial velocity dispersion by at-iospheric convection currents, experinental tests); trapping contanination (effect of an extraction pipe, air extraction using contd. - 15 - a duct sited away fron walls, extraction using a duct placed against n wall} extraction usim? special ahai.ied nozzle, recoT"ended extraction velocity to ensure ßoo! removal, use of an extraction jiipe to renove con tarnation liberated by mechanical action, renovai of a contaminant entrained by thermal currents); localization of contamination (principle, laboratory fune cupboards, influence of disturbances in the atmosphere in laboratories, unsealed manipulation cabinets, effect of accidental overpressure, sealed cabinets); entrainment of contamination (homogeneous contamination in space, continuous emission, ventilated areas, short term emission, influence of badly ventilated areas, heterogeneous contamination caused by a localized source, experimental tests); purifèation of air (trailing by aerosol filters, dynamic characteristics of filters, testing of condition of filters, collection of iodine, parameters of adsorption of iodine on charcoal); discbarge into external atnosphere (dilution in plume passing through still air, ''ischarjre fron chimney at roof level '-isch.nrge from a low chimney, calculation of chimney hei/rht); contamination of surfaces (physical retention, forces of retention, forces tending to renovai, factors concerning adhesion of particles„ practical problems, chemical retention, elimination of contamination, surface protection, preventive ne asure s). NSA : 23 : 45720. 44) ll\DIO\CTlVITr CONTAMINATION LlíViüLS IN THE ENVTltUNHENT ijß) IN THE FOOD GÍAIN. Annual Report, 1967.. (in French). EUL-4272. Dec.1068, 54 p. ff 1967 the Euratom/CEl Association continued it's work in the following fields: In human biology, the study of the physio- logical factors and their evolution as n function of age was extended. The investigation of iodine and strontium netabolisn is now supplemented by research on the metabolism of other important radioelenents such as cerium, rethenium cobalt and zinc. In the nutritional field, the analysis of the food surveys conducted in previous yeirs was completed. The consumption versus-af<;e curves were plottil. The probiere presented by food distribution channels were the subject of thorough- going statistical studies. Investigation of contamination transfers fron the contaminated medium to food products, starting fron the atnosphere, from the soil and from plants, was continued. Water pollution was the subject of searching investigations ained at determining the behavior of certain radioelenents about which little is at present known and which enter the aquatic food chains, "lathematical processing of the results obtained enabled an attempt to be made at calculating the levels of contamination by Sr and Cs, according to the general method of approach which had previously been developed. NS'\ : 23 : 48030. - 1-6 - 45) RADIOACTIVITY SURVEY DATA IN J-IFAN. NIRS-:iSD~25, National Inst, of Radiological Sciences, Chiba (Japan), Nov. 196i>, 11 p. Radioactivity survey data acquired in Japan are presented and include: Mayy 1068 to October 106Í) -noasure-nent at 35 locations of gaTia raddiation exposure ratos due to natural radioactivity; the 1047 to 1060 "ieaeure-ent"ieaeure-.ent8 of C content in nenthol and thyiol in botanical plants at several locations; and the Sept.29 to Oct.9, l%0 neasurenents of the gross beta activity in rain, dry fallout anrt the upper jt'iosphere. Seisnic d-vta on the Seyt.29, 1969, Chinese test explosions ç\re also tabulated. 46) lUDIOLOGICiL Htfd/ffl l!23EffiCH. Suiiary Report. N">-16856, July-Doc.1066, 120 p. Progress is roparted in radiation Ijiology, epide^iolo-iy and envirorvnental sciences at the National Conter for Radiological health. Facilities and buildings of th? five laboratories located in various n^rts of th« United States nnr? operated by the Division of rla''io].o.fTic"il 7!ealth are described. Studios on relationships between radiation lose an* incidence of disease and disability in huian population groups are being ennducted. Field and laboratory studies are carried out to develop sensitive netho^s, techniques, and tools to detect and interpret', biologic dT.n.age related to low- level radiation exposures. Studies of Mocheiical and structural cellular changes resulting froi ra'Uati'm exposure involve tissue an'' or/ran systens. Sxperinents with \)gs ;>n relations between r.Viosensitivity o.n^ age at the ti'ie of ex,uosure are being conducted at Colorado State University. The safety, feasibility, and effectiveness of various neasures designed to prevent radionuclide contamination are also being studied. NS\ : 21 : 41303. 47) Tteiter, R.; Sladkovic, R. INFLUX W FHESH NUCIfiyOl FISSION PSODUCTS F±Í.ÜÍ CHINA BEGINNING JANII\HY 196^. (in Gernan). ^eteorol. "undsch.; 23: 45-7, 1970. Tlie fallout pattern caused within the alpine area by the Dec. 1968 Chinese nuclear explosion was studied. Measurements of the vertical ™.o*lon of radioactive aerosols between altitudes of 740 to 3000 n denonstr^ted the influence of powerful tropospheric downsdrafts on fallout -'istribution of the «arth surface as well as the inportance of high mountain areas for the eirly detection of radioactive contanination in the lower troposphere. NSi : 24 : 44133 - 17 - 48) Rodriguez, E.R. ?\LOT).I?ES FrO YfHiliS ;IPTHE. CONF-680507-, pp 36-8. A review is presented of the problena associated with radiological protection after the Palornares accident. Hie problems include" fallout; fragment dispersion; contamination of animals, plants, ami sèils; decontamination of houses an'' other property; and psychological factors. NS.V : 23 : 20181. Byan, J.T. ItVDIOLOGICAL HECOVERiT Ä»UIäEMENTSf STUUCTUBÖS, AND OPZLiTI RBSGABCH. V0LITÍE IV. DBCONTVUNilTI ON ANALYSIS OP S2L3CTJ3) SIT1SS AW) FACILITIES IN DETROIT. lD-635824, USNlöL-TaC-16, June 1966, 285 p. The cost ariri effectiveness of the radiological decontamination of urban areas in the event of rarlioloíçical warfare were analyzed. Twelve sites nnrt facilities located in Decroit, Michigan, were selected for study. Facilities decontaminated include a hospital, dejnrt-ient store, water punping station, a power plant, an. airport, a public building, and the like. Supporting data related to the decontanination analysis are presented. WA : 20 : 41182. 50) Skibin, D.; Asculai, 3. CLOUD 2 - CUiCULVTI'iNS OF liDIATlJN UNI) ;X)S2S Rio:I A aVDIOlCTIYE F\LL0UT (in Hebrew). NHCN-265. Jun.1'170, 3? p. Cloud 2 is a con\>uter prograi that calculates: -the dose of a external ßan'ia radiation and its integration with ti'ie TID. -the dose of ga^na radiation fro^ a radioactive naterial which precipitated on the ground and its integration with tine. -the dose resulting from respiration of contaminate-' air releneed continuously to the atmosphere. - 16 - 5l) Shore, B.; Anspaugh, L.; Chertok, R.; Gof"ian, J.; Harrison, F.; Heft, K.; Koranria, J.; Ng.Y.; ."Phelps, ?; Potter, ö.; Tanplin, A. F.VTE AND PiPOBTANCS OF RADIONUCLIDES "AiOD'JCED IN l'LQWSLiHS EVENTS UCHL-71443, C0NF-600406-Í), California Univ., Livenore, !ar.lO6O, 65 p. Investigations on the fate and in-jortance of radionuclides produced in Plowshare evonts are discussed. The following prograns are surrairize' an-" ••'ata are presented in graphic and tabular fon. Methods were develop* tar determining the total naxim't internal dose to the './hole bor\ and organs of ?nan and the ontributions of radionuclides to this ^ose. 'fhe close orres-ponr'cnce Measured values and estimated values ohtaine.i using these "lethods confined the predictive capabilities of these nethods. \5eternination of the total radioactivity released into tbe environ"«nt after a nuclear cratering event has been facilitated by the use of parachute-borne sequer.ti.il sanplers to "leisure the three-di-nensional distribution of ra-'ioactivity in the yost-shct cloud. Infornation about the dispersal r>f the ra'ioactive cloud as a function of extended ti-ie and distance will be obtained using direct data where available, and a reconstruction of the transport phenomena will be undertaken. Data wore collected fron sampling stations on the deposition an 1 redistribution of radionuclides up to several hundred niles away fron the shot. A Particle Analysis Program was instituted to obtain a complete quantitative description of the radioactive "article population produced by a specific nuclear event. The netaTjolisn of .?lows!-are nuclear debris was studied in ••'f)Ss> pigs7 and floats, Finally, the relation between radiation, chronosona. aberrations an*1 cancer was in\Testigate:l. Currently, one invariant has continued to occur in this triad: the existence of a narked excess of E-16 chro-iosoies. NSiu : 23 : 29476. 52) Stern, 1. C. •\I3 POLLUTION, SECON") EDITION. VOLTTffi I. till i-OLLÜTION tfO ITS EFFECTS. 1068, 712 p. \ separate abstract was prepared for one chapter. The renainixg chapters include infonation not within scope of NSA on the extent of air pollution, g&seous pollutants,.viable and nonviable -articles in the air, and atnospheric reactions and. scavenging processes. : 23 : 33116 - 19 - 53) Stern, A.C. MR POLLUTION. SECOND JaDITIwfi. VOLIPE II. AN.'VLYSIS, MONITORING, \ND SUJÍVJÍT/ING. 1H68, 701 p. \ separate abstract was preparei for one chapter. The remaining chapters include information not within scope of NS\ on NS1 : P.3: 3ÍÍ118- 54) Thona, rz. vi. Jr. :'HS-">0"i-?l"-33} Siint Louis Univ.,Mα. Dept. of Internal pp 153-6. types of raU ition accidents that have occurre'l in the field of nuclear techno I :;^y since its .for-inl be/iinninp; in I'í45 "ire rev-ie\yef' an ? discusse'*. Tiadiation accident, nuclear technology, -linor accident, -rnv' naior acci-'lent are Refiner?. Source -)f tbe radiation ex;>f>surn {internal or externai), "linor accidents (contamination), an'' naior accidents (experimental asse ibly anci-ionts, reactor accidents, and yroductiou facility accidents) are e-mhasize^ in relation to accident causes and -lanagenent of the cases (involving both health physics an-' medicine). NS1 : f>3: 50572. 55) USSR .1>5JOJITS ON U\.TUli\L "iin ÚITIFICÜ -IIDIOACTIVÍIT IN Wät •UíO MUí. ^C-tr-eTO?, 70 :>. Translations are presente;' of five >apers subnitted to the United Nations Scientific Connittee on the Effects of Atonic Hadiation by the USSIi. NS-\ : 21 : 4707. - 20 - 56) Van 3en 3err;, \.J. HS\LTH nnrSICS-HWCESS CONTiiOL jtEBEUENCE 'ÍINUAL. V0HPC3 III. M>-677371. July l')66, 301 .p. Hie "mnual is designed for use by Nuclear Power ^lant i'rocess Control Specialists. It contains health x&ysics ^nd water chemistry procedures for guidance in plant operation. Although this ninual cannot give detailed recon^endntions, necessary and sufficient for all conditions, it gives general recornendr.tinns suitable for typical plant use. Volune III contains sections on personnel access control, radiation and conta^iination control, accident/incident control, bioaasays, radiochonistry for health physics operations, water chenistry (analytical procedures, general chenical procedures, laboratory supplies). NSA : 13 : 38604. 57) Vaunel, ^r. CJNTÍ.1IN1TI0N 3Í 1 310?o ItlDIATIJN SOURCE, (in Gernan) Zentralbl. Irbeits11»'!. Arbeitschutz, 17: 203-6. July 1967. \n accident case is described in order to illustrate tfie of conta-iination that nay be caused by unsealed radioactive sources, and two ^econtanination may best be undertalc^nJ.n sucb circumstances. Tlie conta-dnation levels caused by a ' ro source are listed in a table, Trecautions for preventing such accidents are suggestc1. NSl : 22 : 4f>339. 58) ^alker, S.'-I. ILVDIOLOGIOIL :0SCüV3nY 33QÜI?J3?ENTS, STIlUCTliaSS, -\NJ OiS.iiTI'iNS K3SEYROI. V0LU>E III. DEON1L1 ^IK-iTION ANiLTSIS 3F S3L2CT&} SITiS Mi") F\CIIJ.TIES IN SiN JOSE. Final Eeport. AD-635823, ÜSNTtDL-TRC-16, June 1066, 240 p. Tho cost and effectiveness of the radiological decontamination of urban areas in the event of"radiological warfare were analyzed. Sixteen sites and facilities located in San Jose. California, were selected for 3tu^y. Facilities decontaninatpd include a telephone conyany, a ptamaceutical laboratory, a bus depot, a newspaper office, an^ the like. Supporting data related to the deonta-iinati^n analysis are presented. Näl : 20 : 411«! - 21 - Watson, C.n.; Test, G.\. BADIAT.ION EP7SCTS ON FAINTS: EFFECTIVE COATINGS WILi.L TC NUCL3U Oak Rit^e National Iah., Term., Mater. Protect., 6: 44-S, Feb.1967 Effects of radiation on paints an-:1 "future coatings needs are ''iscussed. Typical cnnditions to which paints are exposed, categorizei according to severity and location (work areas) in the nucleir fiel-!, are outlined. Strippable coats con also l>e use-?. "Protective ?>aints .ire inexpensive, effective Carriers to radionuclides and ar: a*irmg the easiest fiel* a,>plie^ surfaces to -'ecnntaninater!. Spoxy, -jodified phenolic, mv\ vinyl paints are the -rost Tfi'if'ly used. 2;>oxy coatings reinf,»rce.-J xd.it glass fabric see^ quite ^ironisirig for use in water-filled canals nw* in areas of hif^ radiati-:Hi and ahrision. 7?aints are neecTer! iij the nucleir industry thai arc extrenely radiation resistant and easily cleaned. NSi : 21 : 1836f». 60) Tächnol. Tíev.; 71: No.0, 75-6. Jul-Aug. 1363. The 1HC is -nakinf?; a comprehensive study on rainfall "cleaning" the air. Gas pollutants and p'-rticles are traced into clouds. They progress through clouds, water droylets, ice crystals, anH ultimately descend in rain. The survey is being nade over the Illinois St^te T'itnr Survey's rain gaçe network. The ^ata gleaned fro'n this study will assist in predicting the fote of at-iosyheric radioactive naterials, as well as SO. an^ lead from car exhaust. Scientists hope thr-.t future electroehenical caaversion proces?es.."will prove econo-iieal for power ant! chemical c^nyanies so tSiat they will \ie able to curb their S0_ emission. NSA : 24 : 46365. 61) Ya-»sata, N. ÜN IN THE M ÍF aiáSBO AND . (in Japanese). Inst, of Publie Health, Tokyo, Iwashi'Ta, Tioyoski Koshu Fiseiin Jfeukyu Kokoku, 14: 183-03, ^e Concentrations of various radioactive elements were deternined before an : 21 : 10483. - 22 - III. ANUYSIS 62) APPENDIX TO FiLLOUT PROGIUM QUAI4TEÜLY SimiSY BS?.)UT, MARCH 1, 1970-JUNE 1, l;)70. HlSL-227 (App). Jul. 1970, 307 p. Monthly -'ata acquired in the Health and Safety FojLlout -lonitoring ~" • i are tabulated and include: the Sr and "'Sr content in atnospheric precipita tion^cpositud at 104 world lonitoring sites during 1057 to 1970; the ' Sr deposition, precipitation and concentrations at Atlantic Ocean weither stations fro~i June 11)65 to Jan. 1970; an'1 the " ?u and 7u content in precipitation at 8 worldwide sites during ir>66 to K-70. Monthly data cm the radioisotopes content in surface air p.t approximately ^0 stations in the western hemisphere are -jiven for the following-specific isotopes and tjHe periods: ' Mn during 1963 to 1:QJO; 7e during i:>64 to I960;8'Sr atid °Sr dúrin?^ l^Ç^to Íí>70} Zr nuririr; 1063 to 1069; 10 Cd during 1064 to l!)68j Ei^uring 1965: 141Ce during 1065 to 1060; 44Ce during lOBâ to 1370} w38:>U and 23DI\i during an'1 stable lead rturins 1966 to 1170. Monthly 1065 töö9lO7ö9; ; b a ins nhy ta on the Sr/calciiSr/c n ntio: in Tvhole nil'? in New York City an?l in powderepodredd jail^ fron New York State during June 1Q54 to April 107C, and ththee 90Sr content ^urin presented. ii : 24 : 36400. 63) Bayer, A. THE SPasaDING OF \ TtlDIOACTIVE ClúVi) .JSJ THE ELtíáCT^i) DJSÍ3 TO THE T0T1L rOPÜLlTION. (ln Genm). 7IFK-868, Xernforschunirszentrun, JiarlsruJie, west Genany, Oct.1068, 43 n. The assumption is -nade taat an accident occurs in a nuclear installation and that radioaetive material in si;?nificant a-iounts is relaised throuf^a the stack. T!?itiiin a 100 kn radius around the nuclear instillation the effects of various isotopes, especially those of radioactive iodine, on the population fire analyzed in respect to distance an-' height of stack. N3\ : 23 : 31724. - 23 - 64) Bryan, G.". CONCENTCilTIONS OF ZINC AND COI^EFi IN THE TISSUES 2P DEC IPO;) CRUST IC3ANS. J. Mar. liol. Ass. U.K., 48: 303-21, June 1963. Concentrations of 7n ind Cu nn'! uptike of Zn were m in 18 syecies of rieci.^v1 crustaceans, mnp;ij:fç from freshwater to purely «arine species. Although the iritnko of 2n rur1 Cu •^rofraMy varies considerably, m;ist animals contain between 0 arir 35 t^x/fi; of Vtb. metals, 'easons far 'diferences between the concäntritions of Zn anrl Cu in the indivi lual tissues of Aiffereni species are iiscussed rxnfi the ways in./wftich repfulation is achieve-' are co-oared. Concentration factors relating the conceritrati in of Zn in the aninal to th"t in the vater are àlnost inversely 'iroportisnalâ In the event of the water beina contaminated \nth 6^Znj equilil^rjui c-^ncentrati ^α factors for tiie nuclide will ipcro.-isy as the a íount of 2n in the tr.itar increase. N5.1 : 22 : s 65) Bulfialcov, L. X.; Moskalev, Yu.I. 1063, 206 p. A brief review is f^iven of nublishel ''.ata on distribution, exchange kinetics, an' biological -lijTration of ld*Cs, SΓ fiu isoto)os. Single an*3 chronic treatments n* organisms of various animals, eur1 esjeci.illy of the inrvxn orsianis i are analyzed. A detailed analysis is maie of the r'ata ->r. irotalce awl excretion of radioisotopes in mil-: an'1 their transmission to nropjenies. "•»omissible ^oses of ra'ioactive isoto:v-?s in the air,^fno' water are evallate. Cumulative uptake of ^*Cs anr1 Sr animals is '""iscussert. 556 references are include:!. NSi : 23 : 400S. 66) Camhray, U.S.; Fisher, 5.*i.2.; Salmon, L.; 3roo'£S, rJ.L. METHODS 0? COLLECTION -ÚT. MLViXSIS OF IlOIOACTIVITJf FSft'i DISTANT NUCLEii. T3SF SXPL3SI3NS. A5nE-R-58'}3. Jul 1070, 23 p. The nathai's user' for the collection an* analysis of fallout samples fron a worl»*wl'*e network of sanpling stations are :8u*viaz'izerl. liainwater is collecterl by funnel an^ hottle. Airborne dust is sample'! by filters near gr-nur1 level an^ occasionally in the ujjper troTiosr>here an'? lower stratosphere. The total beta activity is -•Hjasure^ by simple counter arrangements anrt individual fission products by gam-si ray spectrometry an^ rar'iochemistry. The o;rernting contd..... - 24 - instructions to rainwater collectors, the radijchenical analytical procedures, and the Method of numerical analysis of -a ray spectra are 'escribed in Appendices. NSÀ : 24 : 46353. 67) Cearlock, ">.B. Ta\NS?0UT *NU,YSI8: 31SIC VJ T3& fOVE'-ISNT OF POLLUTOTS THJÍOUÍM 3 ML. 3fPL-S\-671, CONF-660523-2. 1066, 13 p. Transport analysis for ieter-iininp 'listributi -n of pollutants through soil is discussed. Since the transport equation -'escribes two independent phononena, fluid novenent and pollutant reactions (the reactions of the yol.lutr.nt wit!« its environment), the analysis was simplified by investigating then separately. Tbc transport equation v.'is then used to ooibine these into one interrelate! equation which yields the concentration distribution of the pollutants involved. 68) Crocker, G.R.; Connors, *1..\.; Wong, D.T.X. H\TES KIOM GVi'A lUD Health ?hys., 12: 1327-32, Sept.1966. Sone factars are yresento.'l. for converting activities of fission products and sone induced raiioactivities to exposure rates, in Il/hr, at 3 ft above an infinite, uniformly contanioated plane. NSi : 21 : 1750. 69) Cruze, \.M.; Head, C. EXTENSION OF TÍIE G2S4EEL4L SSNSITIVIIY .itaLYSIS. VDLttB II. TECHNICAL -V.TEtnLXSS. Final Report. \J>-650028, E-v1U-230-2(Yol.2), Kecearch Triangle Inst., , N.C. Operations Hesearch and Econo-iics .")iv.,'far. 1367, 193 p. Volume II, Technical Appendixes, gives details on derivations of the analytical expressions in the -iodei and supplementary infomation or; the analyses reported in Volune I. In order to perfom calculations necessary for sensitivity analyses, an analytical co-router icodel, called ANCST, was designed. The model computes both prompt effects and fallout casualties from a thermonuclear attack. The derivation of the analytical expressions for the pronpt effects conponent inodel is reported in tiiis volme. Analytic procedures for af^ting the V8iäG-10 fallout ^odel for use as the ANC3T fallout component nodel are also presented. Sensitivity analyses of the effect of the choice of para^ters of tiie prorjpt effects casualty function show th."t casualty estimates are sensitive both to the choice of casualty- function contd...... 1 to the assinei yield of the Japanese detonations. 4 sensitivity analysis of the exposure of population located both in circular urban areas and in circumferential rings to Mast overpressure levels fr>"i nuclear detonation is also given. NS\ : 21 : 36556. 70) Csovari, S.; Toth, \.; ZsoldosJ. T.; Nagy, L. \ STUDY 0? N.TITLU .ÒLDIOACTIVS iJLS.SNTS Unat, 226Ea, 210?o IN ):iG\Ns OP imrmvMS mm NOHM'LL CONF-660048-Vol.l, 1066, np 133-6. In or^er to '•eternine the tl, " Ila, and ?o content, the or/jans critical in respect to natural rar'ioele-ients were analyzed in '? ''ead individuals of averaRe exposure. The results can bo use;! as a basis of comparison for evaluating the results obtained in in''ivi'lu'\ls exposed to conditions of uraniurj-ore mining. NS'i. : 21 : 26461. 71) lavis, )N OF -SIZB PViíTICLJÒ IN VJNTI1ÁTI )N J.JCTO. Oak ?4-?i?e National Lab., Tenn. 1066, ?p 131-38. 2 A 54 in. concrete ventilati.m rhict 1000 ft.long, used to vent several hif;h-level raditmctivity facilities to n. fan belov; a naia steick, was used to study the deposition behavior of yarticles of 0.00J j^Çwith concentritions ranp;*; i/r fron 1 to 1000 mg/n . An equation ms developed that jrovi.los a plausible means of nr^dictin.-r ''ecreases in concentration due to deposition. The predicted decrease in concentration for the concentration investigated is nerçlia;ible but the ciata»nination on the duct •"».133 cannot h<'. overlooked. NS'i : 21 : 16007. 72) Sisonbud, v!. x'OLLUTIJN. VOLU?JE I. 1968, pp 121-4T. Natural radioactivity of terrestrial and cosmic ray origin is discussod inclu'^infc the average content of radioactive elcients and their active isotoges in igneous rocies, approximately decay scheme of Tia and ^Iα, measurements of natural radioactivity in ground-level nir; and productive rates, troposphcric concentration, and detection of cosnic ray-produced radionuclides; and the build-up and decay of radioactivity. The irportance of contd. - 26 - C is discussed. Properties of fission and activation 'products are discussed including a tabulation of the more important ra^i o nuclides produced by nuclear reactions and their half-lives. \ block diagram of processes in the atonic energy industry is presented. The pollution hazards of various types of nuclear reactors are treated. The relatively new ;iotentiil source of atmospheric radioactivity, the use of nuclear energy for racket pi.-.ulsion, and as a source of power for the operation of satellites and space probes, is disrcuffsed. N3V •• 23 : 764H. 73) b iilDIOACTIVHY IN NE7 ZELUAND ÀK> ON SVOLES R.OM FIJI UO ^uiOTONGÁ. Quarterly Keport. NP-18140, NHL-F-35. April 11 p. Results of routine monitoring of fallout in air, rain and sannles during the sccnn'! quarter 106f) ari; tabulate?i in this Report. These results are summarized on a quarterly basis and are presented graphically, together v/ith results fron orevi-.ms quarterly reports 'lurin,';; 196!} and 1069. T!ie a-iount of Sr in rain decreased sli.-rhtly, Sr in rain fell steadily, ^0Sr in nilk increased slightly, and Cs in "lilk decreased sliçhtly. NSA : 24 : 20724. 74) Jawing, I?.. 1.; Howes, J.3.; Price, D..3. ÍJIOBNVI2ON"1SNTYL \ND ii\.:lJLOGIC iL-SAFETY FEASIBILITY 1 ATLANTIC-! YCIFIC INTSIÜDCÍSINIC CKNÂL: ÜIDIGNUCLIJE ANJ 3LE/SSNT xNALYSES )F SNVI_t.)N:.kM'AL SA:i?L3S ¥ÚO:Í IÒOUTSS 17 AND 25. «ÍI-171-29, 3attelle Memorial Inst., Columbus, Ohio, 1070, 52 p. In connection with a projected interoceanic canal produced by nuclear excavation, more than 300 samples of raw and preparei food stuffs were cnJlecto-5 alonr; route 17 (Panama) and route 25(Colombia). This material was then studied for its elementary composition. The? nee^ for some across-the-board analyses was partially satisfied by spark-source mass spectroscopy that provider! semiquantitative and upner-limit values for nany elci-jents. Atomic-absorption analysis and neutron-activation analysis were used to analyze samales for specific critical elements. liadiochemical analyses were performed for the determination of, radionuclides in the Isthmian environment with emphasis on 1«i'Cs, ' Sr, and tíO ""oi. Itesults were co-ipileel in five tables. NSA : 24 : 20721. - 27 - 75) Foulquier, L.; 3ovard,?.; Grauby, A.. EÄ-EUIiENTAL CONTA"'INÁTIOUf OF UtoiGuilTANA MUG1UITIF.I.A (A FJ&S* •••VTJii 3I'ALVE) BIT 137CS. (in French). C3\-IÍ-3054, 1966, 46 p. Cesiun-137 "/as assayed in Mar 76) Fuquay, J. J.; Elderkin, CE. :0ECENT TONFOilD DIFFUSION 11E3ULTS SIGNIFICANT FOÃl 1Í3TIMÍTING POLLUTION POTiiNTIUi. 3OTL-S.\-429, CONF-660401-1, 21 p. Experinental pro^ranne designed to collect data on dispersion of ground sources for several -liles are discusser!. The data obtained fron both continuous .^roun^ and elevated sources have been organized ~iost conveniently as a function of tnvel tine for providing esti~iites of exposures fron potentially hazardous releases at Hanford. Measured lateral turbulence p.^.raneters, and stability -ie a sure-rents indicating the degree of vortical turbelence are use'1 to stratify the plune width and oeak exposure estimates. NS:\ ; 20 : 9168, 77) Furnica, Gh. TOXICOLOGY OF 222pji iKD J3TiiK.IIN1.TI0N OF THiS DEPOSIT IN TIE ORGANIS"r. (in liunanian). Inst. Igiena ?rotectia 'iincii, Bucharest., 14: 643-58, 1965. It was possible to detect internal iontariinaMon with lia, Ü, or IJn by determining the presence of J?o or " -*h in the urine of Tersons, especially irnedi^telv after the rvHinistr-vticm of EDTA. Internal contanination with ^α brought about the fornation of _-„ a radioactive deposit in org-inisns tflat was 'larle up of Pb and 1*Fo contd. - 28 - radionuclides. The existing quantitative relationship between the urinary level of 223.Un and 210?b or 210?o knitted evaluation of the ^<;gree of internal contiHinfitiong^The „,„ existence of a relationship between the a'Tount of l?o and Fb elininated in the urine an'l the radionuclide charge in the b>dy was assurie:!. N8A : 21 : 18005. 78) Gifford, F.\.Jr. KISS OP STUONGLZ UUIOACTIVE i-LlTGS. «J, \ppl. *feteorol.,ß: 644-0, Aug. 1067. The presence of radioactive /cases in a plune, such as could occur in the event of a nuclear reactor accident, leads to the addition of buoyancy tb' the plune at an approximately linear rate, buoyancy "li.rjht -also be a^e-l to plunes by chemical reactions, radiation, or latent heat exchange. The resulting plu-ie rise is c.ilculatoi by a no^el similar to th->.t use^. to calculate the rise of ordinary pluraes. The case of a radioactive 1 pluie is exanincr in SO;T» detail. For the slow leakage of radioactive gases assu-ne'l to occur linger postulated reactor accident conditions, j)luno rise due to radioactivity can be ne^lecte-i. For nore rapid leakngu rates or for larger reactors, plirne radioactivity leads to significant rises. NS\ : 21 : 41033. 79) Hawley, C.A.Jr.; Detmer, J.S.; Edwards, L.A, 3LBCTIÍ0NIC D\TA ?UÍ)CSSSING CTií:> FOJi HU'ID AS JESS LINT OP POTENTIAL OÍP-SITE PA">I0L0GIGlL .CFiECTS. Health rhys., 12: 1356-62. (Sept.1966) In evaluatiiia the results of a release of radioactive -Tatorial, two najor facets -ust be considered; the nature of the release and the composition of the affected population se^nent. The najor objective of the project was to acquire specific information to be used in hazards evaluations which would include dose estimates. The data collection systen was designed to facilitate direct translation into munched cards for data processing. Program for handling the data were written in Fortran with Formt for the I1M 1620 computer. A flow diagra-n for the data processing system is presented. The collector! data would have i'irecliate •«'alue should i ;najor accident involving release of radioactive naterial at NPvTS occur. NSl : 20 : 43600. - 29 - 30) Koehn, R.K.; Khowles, B.B. EXPIATION LJSVBLS IN TIIS äVHUEL C4CTUS, FER0C\CTJ3 WI3LI3ENI, AN7) FIEIß RELATION TG S(Vf] ASPECTS OF C4CTI ECOLOGY. Arizona State Univ., TSmpe, Southwest. Nature.,12: 110-26, Aug.1067. Itadioassay of individuals of Ferocactus T-rislizeni and other cactua species collected during 1064 and 1065 fron a steep desert slope revealed the presence of radionuclide activity, "/ithin the initial samples, a gradient of activity positively correlatei with collection elevation was noted. Gradient fornation is explained on the basis of individual rooting systens in conjunction with some extraneous source of radioactive material. A considerable decrease in radioactivity throughout the study period w.as noted. It appears that the activity detected in early sanplings :nay have been a result of ejected radioactivity from an underground thermonuclear detonation and/or local deposition of natural-occurring radionuclides. The original source of radioactive material and its movement through the soil are speculated upon. NS\ : 22 : 40688. 81) Lee, H. H'LOIOLOGICAL T UèGiíT ylNAIYSIS Pi 4JV620734, USNRDL-TllC-e, Standford Research Inst., Menlo Park, Calif, Mar. 1066, 94 p. A radiological target analysis procedure is presented which provides calculations of the relative exposure intensities within target; complexes during the shelter period, the decontaiinatiin period, and the target reutilization period. These calculations are nade by systematically determining the intensity at typical target locations as »aodified by fallout geometries, structural shielding geometries, and the movement of f.illcrit by nature or by öecontamination operations. The results are residual nunbers for the three post-attack periods th^.t are specified in the general equation for exposure dose. Sxanples .in." sanple calculations are included in each analytical step to provide not only illustrations of the procedures but also training aids for operational anc! planning personnel in nVOEF systems. The latest information was included on several decontanination methods, with examples and sa:!ple calculations showing how decontamination operations may be scheduled,, crew doses may be controlled,and recovery objectives nay be achieved, I final step was the evaluation of several representative IUJEF systens in terms of target analysis results, decontamination perfoi'HJ.t and logistic limitations. The primary conclusion of the procedural effort reported here is that each lliDEF system should be analyzed with its target area. The accuracy of the target complex analysis procedure is limited by the accuracy to which target complexes and fallout sources could be delineated. Nevertheless, the data obtained by the procedure can be coordinated with de contamination '.Tüethods, coiitfi.... - 30 - "empower nw* other operational factors to provide efiactive It\J)EF planning and evaluation. MäU : 20 : 18038. 82) Me'fullan, P.S.; Cruze, A.-"1!- EXTENSION OF THE GBNHIU, SENSITIVITY ANA.LYSL3. VOLITE I. METHODOLOGY. Final Heport. 1^-650927^ Research Triangle Inst., í>jrhc-i, N.C. íperati^ríc 84) líesearch and Economics :>iv., Mai1.1967, 70 p. The final report, Extension of the General Sensitivity Ac?.lysis, consists of three volumes, Volu-ne I, Methodology, discusses Iji nethodology derived for civil defense sensttiviiy analysis a^?. the results of demonstration runs employing the -wthodoloay or? a statewide basis. The objective of the research report^'' if i- perforn Civil Defense Systen sensitivity analyses vhich are designed to indicate the relative inportance of the parameters used in total civil systems evaluation. The following question must be answered for eich pnraneter: Is the rankJDR of the effectiveness of civil defense systens altered as the yara-ista'- is varied over its range of uncertainty? ^Alien the answer to question is affirnative, can further research clarify or nisrov tho range of uncertainty? Can systens evaluation 'Tetiiodolof^y be -altered to refMce the irportance of uncertainty? Sliould syst'. ~~ analyses report effectiveness for several values of the pura- r. *,Í;V '-. 85) To assist in these analyses, a rapid—running conyutojt* nodel rar designed to estimate casualties fron a nucle-tr attack. The model's nain features and broad outlines of operation are nrefcer.tc< / NSA : 9.1 : 36555 83) Mifchaylov, 'f.; Petkov, T. ?ffi1H0D P}H r^E QUANTITITIVE CON-Erü^TION OF SULISICES. (in Bulgarian). Hentgenol. Hadiol., 5: 260-0, 1966. A procedure for the quantitative determination of radioactive contamination of surfaces has been developed which is 7:ased on the Tethod of fila decontaiination proposed by St.Ito^ev ct al. (Author's Cert,No.lO,757, 25 Aug.1064). üy using a polyvinyl alcohol filn, 96^ of the radioactive impurities continiTU'+^ii^ a surface were removed. To fern this filri in the quantitative procedure for the deterrdnation of contanination a r.oluticn prej-arw by heating 20 a, of polyvinyl alcohol in 100 g of a 2$ solution of for 10 nin at 100° on a water bath under stirring is used- Ten cc of 50$ alcohol and four to five drops of glycerol are added to xh* viscous solution. Upon application of the solution to a surface, the film forns in 20 to 30 nin. A section of the filn with a definite area is dissolved in water ní, 40 to 50°. The resulting solution is evaporated to fom a thin filn (5 to 0 *ig/cn2) on which »Teasure-ient of the radio?»ctivity is carried out by neans of a counter. NSA : 21 :' 43375. 84) Mitsuishi, N.; Fukunoto, T.; Hanada, N. STUDIES ON nSMOVAL OF HVODACTIVE »ÄST 3K" PL1TS COLUifii. Kyushu Univ., Fukuoka, J.Nucl. Sei. Technol.(Tokyo), 4: 74-33, Feb.1067. \ study was nade on entrainnent, in which the probability of nist passing through a plate is considered. 1 nathcsitical analysis was perfomed for lar^e diameter colunn, thit is, one in which consideration is given to backnixing in a plate colunn. The analysis an^ subsequent exaninatian revealed that the decontanination factor, Ti.F.; increases as the stats of the liquid changes fron a condition of conplete -axing to that of plug flow. NS\ : 21 : 25952. 85) Nagel, G. CONTROL OF COT EliCttL AIEiCP.iPT H iLHBPECT TO ÍÍA...TOÍ.CTIVÜ; C0NT\UN\TI0N (In German). Luftfahrttech.; Ilau-ifahrttech, 11: 288-302 (NOV.1065). Results of contanination rieasurenents on the surface of aircraft recorde"1 fron 1062 to the "liddle of 1965 are reported. Lmediate analysis was carried ou"tt in cases of high levels of radioactivity (1963) it is useful to carry out further studies of the radioactive decay. Analysis of the- decay energy soectrun over a period of 48 -Tonths was used to select a ••«thod of neasureient of fallout. Ten positions on the aircraft were chosen as control points and the results averaged. Data for several craft (as a group or singly) used on north Atlantic and polar fli^its, or on south Atlantic, near and. far East, and lfrican flights, are graphed. For the northern flights, data before AprilplOee averaged below 20 inp/sec (52 inp/sec * 1 x 10~3 Jlc/en ; a nax of 38 inp/sec was reached in June 1063; after Oct.1964, da+a averaged below 10 i"ip/sec. For southern flights, data before September 1062 and after October 1964 averaged below 5 inp/sec; the -raxi-nn value, 12 inp/sec, was attained in June 1903. A discussion of protectioc control methods is included. NSA : 20 : 18950. - 32 - 36) Nelson, I!."'.; Eliason, J.3. PREDICTION IF "OVSMSNT TiCiOUQI 3üIL3 _ A FIIiST ST&? IN • '7\ST3 ANALYSIS. WL-SA-678, CONF-660523-1. 1966, 22 p. lUicent theoretical advances nade in studies on the flow of fluids in porous -«f'ia are interrelate;! to pro'ileis involving the transport of pollutants through soils. Three broad phases of analysis are involved in predicting contaninant transport through porous -ledia. They aro: the nacroscopic fluid flow analysis; the nicroscopi c f low analysis for diffusion and hydrodynanic dispersion, and the reaction or interactions of contaninants with the porous 'nterial, organic «riterial or biological components of the soil. 'Macroscopic flow analysis was determined an;' user! to predict river contaminant concentration. NS1 : 20 ; 27103. 87) Ogura, Tl.; Na^al, T.; Chu, L.13. ; "tonrlo, M. BVOIATION-INDUCSn^ DSCOKirATION )F DYE-STUFFS IN AQ SOUJTIOÍÍ. J. IíarJiat. ries.(Jan.), 7: 58-66, Jtsne 1966. The ra'iioint'ucert de coloration of bronphenol blue, crystal violet an^ eosin 7f :.n dilute aqusous solution was stuUe?] with anr*. without the addition of second solutes. Hiese second solutes are thiourea, benzoic aci'1, anr' its derivatives Tvith gradually changing structure. The cnncentration of lyestuff was f -und to decrease exponentially with radiation ^.ose, whether a second solute is present or not. This finding "yas explained in terns of the co-ipetitiin reaction of dyestuff anrl the second solute for free radicals produced in water. Of these co>x)ounds tested, thiourea, which is 'mown -is protector for erajne deactivation, was found effective for dyestuff. Fron a kinetic treatment of the data, protection quotients of the second solutes were deternined. It was shown that the protection quotient of benzoic acid ->r its derivatives with .o;radually changing structure is a linear function of substitution constant in TIa-nett's law, which correlates the reactivity of substituted benzoic acid with their chenical structure. NSA. : 21 : 12455. 88) Petrow, H.G.; Cover, A.; Sisenbud, H. •FtE ::i.\^io\cTiviTy )F FOSSIL ?U3LS. N3TO-3086-1, Pt. VIII. 2 p. • Samples of fly ash andV'fuel oil residues were obtained fron a nunfjer of localities: Alabana, ''yonini», Utah, Japan, iSaatern iüurope, and Nouth \frica. The results to date tend to support the conclusion that fossil fuel plants are a source of low-level atnosuheric contd«... radioactive contamination. NS4 : 20 : 152. 89) SADIOIHYSICAL CONTLLOL. 1^-17579, pp IV. 1-3. 89 ^0 Total ot an»! ßactivities and SΓ- Sr contamination of airbox'ne »lust and rain water samples taken nt the 3elgian Nuclear Studies Center and at four different locations in Belgium were rjeasured. Cesiun-137 aitf Sr contamination of food samples taken all over the country were measured. Calciu-i, ^^'Cs, K, "X-\, Sr, and P°Sr were measured in samples of complete food ratioai taken at the Ecole des Cadets. Studies were conducted on contamination control of the Scheldt estuary. Tíesults concerning dilution factors of soluble effluents were obtained by fluorescence techniques. Literature data and laboratory experiments showed that the use of "3r night be promising because of the hisjh stability of 3r ions in wafer, this nethod was tried using iwon torpedos placed 1 meter below the water surface. The activity was continuously recorded. Atmospheric diffusion studies and routine rseteorological observations were nade. The study of correlation between atmospheric diffusion parameters and meteorological conditions is based on experiments with the vectorial anemometer Kiren and practical tests during wrick an aerosol of fluorescein' was released to the atmosphere. There was usually a fair agreement between the predicted and the measured values. NSA : 23 : 820. 90) Ross, D.M. A STATISTICAL SKfílZír .)P VtT.TE) ST.iIEES ATÜlítC EMOSZ COanr.CTOIíS' UfKr^'iL SX?^SÜI3 EXTÍLIIENCE. CONF-670521. Monogr. Nucl. Med. Mol.,No.2, 427-34,- 1363. 1 statistical summary is presented of the internal radionuclide deposition cases among USASC contractors during 1957 through 1006. Statistics are presented on radionuclides involved, methods of detection, route of entry, nethod of cstictition of plutoniun burden, and kilnd of treatment for plutoniun cases. The radionuclides involved were : 235^ 238-239^^ 2ÍÓPo> 131X> 135^ ^ 90Sr. NSA : 23 : 24645 ; - 34 - Oi) iüussell, ?..S. OTHER FISSI?N PRODUCTS. INDÜCSJ ACTIVITIES, VíO FÍSSIL Agricultural lieseirch Crmncil .líadioMoloíçi.cal Lab., Uantage, Eng.; 1066, v»p 353-63. ..." 00 137 131 .ilthnugh " Sr, Cs and I are the three radioisotopes of -tost concern to us now, ';e cannot neglect other radioisotopes that, in tlie event of an in-'ustrial accident, nay becawe i. portant conta-iinants '•£ foodstuffs. These radio.isot'ries viay ~ba classified 1 into three pjrouys: fission products, induce 1 activities, nur - ntial fissile '«terials. Included a-ionpj the fissiaa sroiucts of ri 140l 103 35 iiportanec are 3a, Hu, "^u, Zr, ^Ce, 132Tep ^ Sach has '>een f'etocted to varyiupc ''.e.-rees in foodstuffs, but none of then has as yet been considered a diet^rx-hazard. The „„ ra''ioisoto;jes of intVxCed activity include: In, ' Mn, ' Fe, 1"', an'1 '*°S. These isotopes hav« sufficifintly long fialf-lives to constitute a ^vitnntial hazard, hut their low radioactivity consi/rns thei to this cate?;ory of secondary irportance. Í5ie fissile flissionable) 'laterials include the various ionic for-is of "" ?u. Its lon(T half-life co^iined with the fact thit it is anonß the raost hazardous of isotopes, encouraged nuch inquiry into its hehavioi; in soil over long periods oi ti^e. Studies have indicated however, that it is not readily taken up by plants and it is absorbed to only a very s"iall extent fron the gastrointestinal tracts of aninals. (35 references are cited). N3A. : 21 : 43414. 92) ílussell, R.S. SEMEDLIL -mSOTsSS. 1966, pp 509-18. litigation of the consequences of radioactive cont-ninar.ioE of dietary naterials presents a di lerx^a in whichjsocial cost is pitted against the mgnitude of risk fron radiitinn. Suggested 137 13 t 89 90 renedial actions are given for Cs, " IJ 3r, and Sr. Suggestions regarding **"•! include adninistration of stalle iodide to the public, reduction of the extent to ivhich I is secreted in&j nil1«, and re:noval of I fro--! Tilk. llenedial action for Sr includes adninistration of stable calciun or strontiun to the po sulaiiion, decontaninatijn of "jilk, feeding of calcium to cattle, notification of the composition of huTíín diet, reduction of the contanination to permanent pastures, anâ reduction c of the entry of "°Sr into plants fron tie soil. Storage of producrouce for eeveral "wnths would be an effective ggumre for *Sr. P-enoval of ***7Cs fron -lilk in a Tanner si^dlar to HUSr renovai would be effective. However, short of rtodification of the diet of aninals, there is no practicable way to deal with Cs in neat. NS\ : 21 : 43401. - 55 - 93) Sereda, G.A. flBTIFICIAL EIDIOICTIVIIY OF THE OCikNS. lBC-tr-6641, pp 53-3. The largest source of contamination of the oceans by artificial radioactivity is iron nuclear weapons testing. Oi all the radioisotopes from nuclear explosions only "* Sr an^ -^Os have remained in considerable quantities in the dissolved st.te. Vertical exchange of avatar below the layer of temperature discontinuity causes migration of Sr and Cs to «iepths of. 1000 m over a period of 3 to 4 yr. Quantities of Sr and *^'Cs throughout the ocean are several tiaes greater t'».nn + NS'L : 21 : 8530. Smith, 'I.E.; Hull, 1.?.; Nagle, C.:i. CO"PRISON i>? ÜSTTUTS» U© 'ißiaiLSD LONG-TEL." Í 131, CONCENTRATIONS FRffA \ CONTINUOUS Í31EV.T2D SOU?,C3. BNL-10513, 3roo!diavtín,National Lab.r Upton, N.Y., J. \p;>l. :ieteoro.l., 8: 303-8, Apr. 1967. The continuous release of very small, but detectable amounts of I from the Broolthaven Graphite Besenrch lleactor 3'.as provided an unusual opiiortunity for verification of dis-iersi^i estinites based on meteorological parameters. Analysis of an entire year's data shows the prediction system to be reliable within a factor of 2, and contains valuable information about such factors as effective stack height, tbr: effectiveness of si iplified dispersion models, and the variation of dispersion paraneters with season and trajectory. NSA : j>1 : 22050. Stephenson, J.; Morton, D.S. DETMSflMVriON OF ACTIVITY ON SUBFACE COHTAlJINffllON STdS-QS. lEHE-M-2174, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell, Nov.1969, 12 p. The activity (in uCi's) on smears taken from bota/garca surfaces can be estimated from measurements made with contamination or radiation monitoring instruments by reference to the -presented curves. It is also possible to obtain an estimate of the beta energy of the contaminant if the results of measurements obtol^er! with the appropriate instrunents are used in conjunction with the «.".rve NSA : 24 : 9826 -36* 96) Tsujinoto, T.; Nogoro, A. I.; Sunino, T. \ ?:.iSLríENV.Y NOTE.ON THE IVõHi »CTIV3 DUSTS IN L.\BOilV-?OiiIH:S. (in Japanese and English). ICJ?«IlLiTJt-4; Kyoto Univ. (japan). Eesearch Eeactor Inst., June 1965, 24 ?. The accidental release of tre clouds of ra'i r> active substances froi hot area.-, could not be definitely estinat-'d without the full informations on the radioactive background of dusts distributed in the laboratories. 'Pie relation between tiie drsily variation of radioactive bacic^r-jund in laboratories and field is exariined by gross counting of a ray andß ray +'^f ray spectroscopy and contamination of dusts adhering to the filter in the dust sampler. It is found that the radioactive background in the laboratories shjws daily variation and is influenced by the variation of radioactivity in the field. Under the reactor operation, the!/" ray spectroscopy of the dusts in laboratories shov/s a certain peak wMc?> is not f'>iuiJ in the measurement of the background, (auth). iN,3\ : 23 : 4928. 97) Uebelaclcer, D.L. 7i\DIATI,)N 1SPECTÜ OF THE 121D0X ' lULTIPUIiPOSE BISSOLV&i INCIDENT. ÍT"r-67161, Oct. 1960, 30 p. \ ledox »Tultipurpose dissolver incident that occurred on ^irc-t 17, I960, is described. Sone of the U letal ignited and the reaction generated sufficient pressure to blow off the gravity fit dissolver lid. Subsequent exaniration showed holes in the dissolver shell. Contamination was spread during the original dissolver reaction, during another dissolver reaction approxilately 24 hr later, and during entry into 3 cello Hesults <\re reported fron neasurcient of radioactivity at various locations, ani nethods used to control contamination and for decontamination of the canyon anr) crane ire described. NS:\ : 21 : 32645. OS) Viswanathan, H.; Shatt,Y.M.; Sreekumaran, Ci; Doshi,G.il.; Gogate, S.S.; Bhagwat, A.I.; ünii, CS. MIÍESiL ' CONTENT OP XQUVTIC FOODS. ?roc. Indian lead. Sei.» 643: 301-13, 1966. Fifty-three samples of freshwater fish and prawns comprising 20 species fron the States of Maharashtra, Gujarat and 3ihar were analyzed for their contents of Ca, K,.P, Cu iuad Pe. The 7 samples fro.n ^ihar were analyzed* in addition, for U. Significant differences were observed between fish and prawns in regardsto Cu and Ca contents in edible portions. Thus, the Cu oontent of contd., - 37 - prawns ranged fro-n 4.62 to 13.11 ppM; while in the fish the corresponding range was 0.13 to 3.19 ppM. The ü content of the fish sanples fro*i 3ihar was of the order of 0.2 ppM. l>-i& are also given on the analyses of the water saiplas and on concentration factors. The concentratinn factors are discussed with reference to the estimation of M?C of the radioisotopes of the elements in water. NS1 : 22 : 51656. 99) '%rren, T.J.H.; Copland, J.K. '^SUSPENSION OF 3E3YLLIUM OXIDE PO'TDE/i. \\EC/T't-448, Australian Atonic Energy Connissiim 3*>searc'--. Establishment, Lucas Heights, Apr. 1968, 24 p, A series of experiments to ex-nine the resuspension of b.irylliur». oxide powder under various disturbance condition is described. nttth powder deposited on a floor surface, basic disturbance act". i::. were sweeping and walking, and other parameters includad vtntiJ ;ti >:: rite, ilesuspension factors in the breathing zono ranged iro-i 0.05 x 10~3n to 14 x 10 n. An analysis of the results lead. to a reconnendatJ.on that a resuspension factor o? 7 x lOT^-zi ^bc- used as a basis for detenining Maxinun Perraissiale Levels -f berylliin surface conta-iination. NS\ : 22 : 43297. 100) '?eng, P.S. FALLOUT OVMi TJU^ÍIN KlO'i NUCLE ill TT&IPON TSST3 AT LOJ ii&l iúZ, b~-.il£lV.. Heal-Ji Phys.; 19: 563-9, Oct. 1970. Measurenents of airborne and deposited fallout over Taiv/an.. resulting fron the nucle'ir tests at Lop Nor an^ Siberia 'luring 1058 through 1969, are reported and discussed. USA, : 24 : 48187. 101) Willis, T.T.; Cowan, E. 1UDIUM SURVEY IN \L».3íl?í\. J. Med. >\ss. State Ale., 35: 860-6, Apr.1966. h. leak test and contamination survey of knoim sources of rar'iun within the State was nade by the Alabana be^i. of Public Health. Details of the survey are discussed, as well &a certain physical and che-rical characteristics of radium to aid in und erstem«3! ins "'ay radium sources leak and why contanination occurs. If the fcernetiu seal fails completely as a result of cither interntil pressisrc ni' contrl. external stress, a gross rupture occurs^ resulting in the release and spread of the Ila powder. The survey described had 3 objectives: to test all known sources of Ila for leakage, to detemine the presence of contamination, and to train staff personnel in conducting inspections of radioactive naterials. The 30 facilities surveyed possessed a total of 2638 -jg of lia. The survey determined that 495 ng of this total was either leaking or contaminated. Thirteen of the 30 facilities possessed one or "»re leaking sources and all but one of the leaking sources were possessed by private physicians. "Jhenever a leaking Ha source «as found, contamination of the imediate area was alao found. Contamination was also present at five facilities that did not possess a leaking source, supporting the proposition that sources can leak intermittently. Generally, the contamination was confined closely to the art-a. of the storage container and in no case was it widespread. This fact nininized the contamination hazard and made decontamination easy. Decontanination procedures involved a simple process of washing and scrubbing. NS\ : 21 : 24441. 102) "fartley, G. DIBTMff ISVELS OP w90Sr, , "'Cs137, , VNiNDD itJi1S1II POli THE YE1.IS 1064-66, Interim Ileport, January 1, 1964 - March 14, 19G6. NP-16543, 'far. 1966, 12 p. It is far too early to draw comparisons and conclusions on the effects of fallout on dietary lev-;ls and iteis of diet for the period 1964/1966 as compared with 1961/63, as the dato received so far are far fron complete on the global scale. However, the data to hand so far indicate that the levels of strontiUT-90 and cesiunj-137 in itens of diet and total diet rose to a peak during 1964 in sone parts of tíie world, and showed a downward trend in 1965. The peak level of 1D64, however, wns not puch greater than levels recorded in 1963 which was the highest up to that tine. The 1964 levels would still not caure concern from the point of view of hazard to human health, and fror, this it follows that, unless more nuclear weapons tests are nare in the megaton ranges, there will be no need to take precautionary •neasures for the protection of the public. NS-V : 21 : 22410. IV. ÀNIM1LS 103) Barth, D.S.; Black, S.C. ItiDIOIODINS STUDIJiS FOLLOWING TH3 TIllNSIENT NUCLiilü S&ST (TNT) 0? 1 KT7I Ü3LCT0R. CONF-660621-7, 1965, 14 p. In conjunction '.rith the Transient Nuclear Test of a Kiwi reactor, hay contamination and controlled dairy cow ingestion studies for radioiodines were conducted. The study was designed to sinulate the maximum possible rndioiodine uptake by diary cows fron typical winter diary faming practices where radioiodinss enter the cov.s via ingested contaminated hay. The kinetics :>f tlie secretion •"•f radioiodines in milk under the conditions of this experiment w^re determined. Peak values of 830 pCi/liter for 133I and 150 pCi/liter for 13^1 were observed in "»ilk of individual cows. ?or 131-1 the effective decay half-life in the nilk of one ^roup «if cov;s during feeding of contaminated hay was found to be 5.5 days, whereas for another group it was 2.8 «'ays. NSLi. : 20 : 43576- y I 104) 3egovic, J.; Zagorcic, 4.; Gligorijevic, J.; Oraganivic, B.; Pavlovic, M. CONTRIBUTION TO THE INVESTIU vTIOMS OP HEtCUTUCOOS :.lV)IOC-l-IT.i;.n:N ÍTION IN POULTIIZ (In Slovak). Inst.for the Application of Nacle>r Energy, Belgrade., Acta Vet. (Belgrade), 18*: 141-6, 1968. Investigations were carried out »n i;!hite Hock chickens, agec ca two yrs. A nixture of Sr - ^SΓ (0.12 Ci/nl) served as contaninant an'' was droped in quantities of 0.02 -il as follows: on the feathers of the neck, on the back and breast, and in the skin of the upper region of fingers. The contaminant was fixed by spontaneous drying at roon temperature. Per-utaneous radio contamination an;' transcutaneous penetration were followed by autohistoradiography and radiometry. T*ie results of radiometric leaaursnonts of contaminability of the skin showed that the concept of percutaneous contamination in poultry included the skin and its cover-feathers. Prom the total quantity of the activity on the skin with feathers, the degree of ccutàninabiIiiy of epidermis was 1.4$ in the neck area, and in the region of the back it was 1.1J«, while it was 0.2^ in the region of the breast. A.utohistoradiogra,:>hic investigations showed that in every contamination of epidermis the contaminant oenetrated throu.^h the bulbous feathers into deeper layers and circulation. WSA. : 23 : 2775. 105) Blenden, D.C. INCOISVBUTION OF TH3 CONCEPT OF DIS.-ISTS* Füuä» &BIHÍJSS IN THE OF A SCHOOL OF VSTEilNuiY MEDICINE. J. V-ier. Vet. ?ied. \ss.:; 147: 1515-21 (Dec. 1065). The role of the veterinarian in civil emergencies fron natural or nan-nade causes (ther-ionuclenr war or release of radioactive material fron a nuclear reactor) is outline'!, with enphasis on instruction in this field, *lan-nade disasters are an ever-present potential, especially those that nif^ht result in widespread trauna, death, and exposure tolradiation. Accidental explosions and fires occur fro^ tine to ti'Te due to hu"jan error or neglect. The placciont of nucleir power plants and research reactors poses a threat of accidental release of radioactive naterial. The renote hut ever-present threat of eneny attack wi .h nuclear weapons should not be ignored by responsible professional persons and steps by taken to protnulgate health concepts of prevention and preparedness'. \ list is ßiven of the veterinarian during .-m^ after a disaster thn.t wouP be hißjily valuable to survival of the affected population. NS\ : 20 : 16761. 106} Casarosa, I. EFFECT OF "HOIE-TQBir EE"i\DI\TION ON IT WLTZ 10 ASCAälS Süü?l 4B IN GUIN?3.\. 1970. p 119-124. Guinea1 pigs vac'cinated against Iscaris suun and X-irrr.diated with an L.D. 50/30 died noro rapidly than control aninals that were vaccinated but not irradiated. The challenge infection in terns of nunbers of eggs was fiuch lower than the nornal 'niniiun lethal dose. The vaccinated X-irradiated and challenged guinea pigs had very hig-i hepatic pul-nonary larval migrations conpared with the s-iall nunbers shown in the vaccinated and challenged but non-irradiated guinea pi.'js. There was also a considerable inhibition in development of the ascaried larvae. Circu'ilarval precipitins were equal to or greater than in the control aninals. The causes of death of the vaccinated, X-irradiated and challenged ani-ials and the causes that induced the outstanding hepatic pulmonary larval nigration aro discussed. NS - 41 - 107) Childs, H.ü.Ji*; A STUDY OF ?ATHOLOiIClL CONDITIONS IitfJWILD iiOD'HNTS IN OiiNL-p-1401. Cosgrove, G.S. Vner. Midland Natur., 76: 300-24, 0ct. 1066. Techniques for the diagnosis of radiation damage in the β-iall ma-vials were sought by a pathologic, henatoligic, anri parasitologic survey of the rodents Peroriyscus leucopus leucopus Sig-wdin hiapidus kon.iroki and Orvzonvs palustris nalustris living in the radioactive bed of the forner "%ite Oak Lake (Oak Pddge, Tenn). NS\ : 21 .: 26647. IGT) Grosch, D.S. THEIl;3?}.äODÜCTrv.'J CÍLPICITY OF •\HTS?OA .SÜ3J3CTED TO üüCCiJÍSSIVE COOTt.MIN\TI0N8 r!1W ltU>I0:H0o3tf0iiUS. North Carolina State Univ., 3alei$i. 3iol. 3ull.,131: 261-71, Oct.1966. 32 Studies of .\rtenia populations exposed to P described here revealed persistent inferiority of reproductive performances in pair "ivtin^s, and indicated thAt species density data can be "iisleadinß. ííesults suííRested that: although adults in an experimental culture -nay be abundant, their reproductive potential iay be inadequate to withstand further damage by radiations; and although the number of adults seen in -ass cultures nay be equivalent, subcultures of control and experimental strains react differently to radiois»tox>e additions. Strains descended fron ancestors exposed to ? did not necessarily survice a second dose ever, though total dosage does;,nnt exceed the extinction ^ose given as a single addition. It was found tbct a period of recovery involving passing of generations nust intervene. Pair nating tests revealed that in comparison with controls, experimental strains have a shorter life span; deposit fewer zygotes per brood; deposit more of their developed zygotes äs viable cysts; an^ show poor survival to adulthood except when crowding is mitigated by low fecundity. NSA. i 21 : 12070. 109) Garble, G. 1 EJEEJiiriENTIL STUB? OP CONTOUNÀTIüN TSÍ INÜULiTIOlí OJi H'LJJIOACTIVE IODINE IKIOSOLS. 3IOLOÖIC\L 3\L\NCSE. (in French). CE\-R-3417. 1968, 25 3. Several articles were published concerning research into contanination contd.... - 42 - produced by inhalation of radioactive iodine aerosols in monkeys. Hesults Healing with the biological balança of this contamination are presented and discussed in this report. NS\ : 23 : 2818. 112) 110) 'fato, T. HISTOLOGICAL CIÍNG5S OF ENDOCiòINá GIAN£S IN PL :HCE FrtO'i lBII'KING liiDIiuCTTVE ll.IWTi.TH5i (in Japanese). Mie 7aibo Oyosekishu, 14: No.6, 9-17, 1963. A study was Tv^e in pregnant nicfi of the histological chnn^cu in en-ocrine glands cmae^ by drinking 0.42 to 1.50 C of ridio.iciiv .- rainwator. Neither -n.alforied nor dead enbryos wei'e seen but the •pothers showed histological changes in sone e u'ocrine glands. In the anterior loN? of the hypophysis, pyknosis in the chief and basophilic cells tins found even in animals drinking of 0.42 C of radioactive rninm.ter. As the radioactivity "lecve stronger, the changes became •tore pronounced. In the pineal ho fly, nil8 pyknosis was detected when 0.58 C was used, and siall vacuoles appeared in the 1.50 C ßroup in the degenerating cytoplas-» of paronchjmal cells. The thyroid #land did not al^vays show changes which parceled the level »f. radioactivity, hut in sone cases it caused TarV.sd hyperemia (0.87 C), dark red colloid lÄien stained A?ith azocar-iine, and atrophy of culls (l,34 C). In the "thynus, lnrçe acidophilic cells with snail, dense nuclei were foun''. even in the 0.42 C ?|roup an'^ bec-.ne nore frequent in the higher radioactivity irroups. In the adrenal gland, hyperemia and atrophy of zonfi fasciculata were iound. In the pancreas, changes, such as puknosis of nuclei and atrophy of cytoplasn of islat eel1«, were induced even in low radioactivity groups. It is concluded that drinkinfj; radioactive rainwater disturbs, even at low radioactivity levels, the function of endocrine systo-is. NS\ : 21 : 435. 113) Ill) Muto, T. HISTOLOGICAL CH.UÍ63S OP THY30ID GLiND :\FSM INJECTION 0? ü.-*DI0ACTIV3 iUI.N-'7\T3iS"i IOTi) FJSGNVNT CCE. (in Japanese). 'lie Prefectural Ohiv.Scho'jl of ?íedicine, Tsu, Japan, lie TiftiV, Gyosekishu, 14: No.6, 1-8, 1963. Histological changes in th? thyroid gland were followed after injection of 0.5 to 1.25 C radioactive rainwater into pregnant nice. The rainwater was collected during a typhoon after weapons teats in the Sou til Pacific. The peripheral area contained large follicles and the central region snail one a, -inA in the periphery •nany follicles were irregularly fused together. contd ; --i-»ilifííH»"5m*"»t» - 43 - It is concluded that radioactive rainwater can induce histological changes in thyroid /»land detoctaMe even by the light microscope. N3.1 : 21 : 1827 112) Rosenberg, L.L.; Lai.oche, G.; Shlert, J."?. I3VIDENCE ?&. HST&lüGENSOUS TUüNOVíIl OP IOÀ)IK.Í IN Ii.iT TrfYiiGID Endocrinology, 70: 027-34, Nov.1966. The question of homogeneous vs.heterogeneous turnover of tiyroi^al iodine was testei in rats Jy comparing the fractional r-ites of lo&.; of *27I an'1 of 131I fron thyroid glands labeled, each, with a single injection of the radioisotope and then depleted of iodine '• chronic administration of propylthiouracil (xy£U). Two experiments were r'one; in Experiment I rats ivere injected with 1"-'1I 4 hr (Group I) or 3 2/3 '^ys (Group ll) 7«fore initiation Qf the ?TU regimen, an'* in ^xperinent II 4 hr (Group l) or 4 -iays(Group II) before ?TU. Specific activities of thyroidal iortine deterrinerl at later tines fron 1 hr to 4*- <'iys (Sii)eri lent l) or fron 1 hr to 7j >iays (Exoeri-ient II,1 decrease logarithmically with tine; in each experiments, the slope of tlie line for Group I was significantly steeper (p ,00l) than that for Group II, an(* the slop<^ of each line was significantly different (p .COl) fron zerr. Thus, iodine (^^i) which entered the thyroid during a 4-br peri^rl i^-^diately prior tochronic blockage of hornonogenesis witfc PTU was lost nore quickly than "older" iodine accujulated during the period 4 days prior to PTiJ, anr1 which vras, in turn, lost ncre quickly than "7j that represented a wide sr>Gctru"i of af^es fro-, very old to very new. The data confim ex jerinental results of Triantapbyllir'is (l,2) aw' of Schneider (3) and indicate that thyroidal iodine is turned over in a heterogeneous Tanner. :"^,1 j 12770. 113) Sanders, C.L. THE DISTRIBUTION OF IMI\L3D ""'239J.?u DIOXIDE FUTIGL2S - Tattelle Memorial Inst., lach land,'Tash., Arch. Environ. Healih, 18: 904-12, June 1960. 1] Pulmonary nacrophages and radioactive ylutoniun dioxide particles werj removei1 from the lungs of rata by lung washing following inhalati-in of 23"Pu02 particles. Plutordum particles were rapidly phagocytized and retained within pulmonary -Tacrophages fur extendef*r periods of tine, r^agocytic indexes correlated well with the log *'" enntent of the lung from one hour to 25 days after exposure. As TJ as half of lung-deposited plutonium could he removed from the lung '-ly serial saline washing, the amount depending on the amount of plutoniun inhaled an-1 the time since inhalation. The greater the conti - 44 - 11 a-Tount of plutoniun in the lung, the earlier arid lore severe were tka pathological alterations, resulting in less ofíectivo renovai *>y lung wasl'inf». The renovai of inhaled radioactive articles by lunR washing is n useful experinental technique an1 -;riy he of therapeutic value. NS\ : 23 : 31732. 114) Shino'i, T".; 'ttoe'e, S.C.; ?r\lt Pour groups of two lactating Soistfeih cows each were «lose d in single ingestion experiment.with ídii* different fco-ibittltions of 1*6I am? 131I nri^iiis :fion 0 to 20,1^126 Ii theorètíbal equations developed an'1 exp:?rinetiiai reaults indicate that it is possible tu detect and qu-intitate I in the presence of i31l ih 'lük samples by 'leterniniig the physical half-life of the coiMne^ ra^ioioflines fro i repetitive 11! scans on tha snne saiples, even though the individual energies of 1261 and -^31 j cannot hj resolve«! by the analysis systen. 115) Taylor, D.M. EF.TÍSCTS OF D^3FZ.L:107Ji JIMS UN T2H :.iI3T3NTION OF iCTINIDS BLSJENTS IN BE 1V:T. Iust.of Cancer Research, Sutton, 3Sng.; Health 3hys.,13: 135-40, Feb.1967. The effectiveness of ^esferrioxanine (i)F0i) and diothylene-trianinepenta- 241 244 acetic acid (DT.?k) in reducing the retention of 239J?U, An, Cn, ii!'ic, and Th was conpared in rats. It was found that DFOA is only slightly less effective than 1T??Ä in reducing the retention of Ptt provi de d th^.t treat-*? nt is con-ienced ^nthin a few hours of exposure. If the stort of ti>.e treatnent is rlelayed until 7 days after exposure to 23n?u, DFOA is ineffective.„„Unlike DTPA, DFC& d>es not reduce the < retention of -^A\T, "Cn, or _„„ lc ani prodproducei s only a slight reduction in tho retention of Th. 12( NS.\ : 21 : 14660. 116) TRUSS GENERATION KEffltOiOUCTION STUDY ON Lüt? D03JS PAPAY'lS IN S''.1SS VHITE TÍICÍ3. 3T.1TÜ3 li TID-25407. 1070, 19 p. \ two year chronic an^ reproduction oral toxiciiy stu«^r with albino nice fed/irra-?iat«i'' pa^yas as 15$ of the total fliet is being conducted. Jesuits are reported froi stadiea on the reproductive capacity of the first generation. 'lfm - 45 - 117) TíO-YE^lt CUtONIC O-iAL TOXICITY LO7£-Da3i3 S!7ISS MITE 'ÍICíJ. STATUS "ü TID-25406. 1970, 22 p. F-et-ults are reportei for nine nonths uè a projected too- feeding stu^y of irradiated mpayas to Swiss "faite lüce. No adverse affects wero observe' on body weights, food consumption, mortality, reactions, he"intoL>ry, clinical ehe -ristry,and rpross and nicroscopic »thologic studies. 118) CH20NIC TAL T3XICI7Í OF 3'xVflJB TID-25405. 1070, 22 p. Hie results of nine months of a projected t 110) Urquhsrt, G.'I.; Jarrett, E.E.E. IÍ3IATI0N2II? 0? .yfci TO THE T4 UNE üÜSPOMSB IN HSuOHuH INACTIONS. 1970, p 1-6. Hats infecte?' mv'er six weeks of ige with Nip->ostrongylus brasiliensis fr\ileri to develop the typicil iirnne reaction T.»hich expels tlieir pojjulatifins of adult irons at test, with large ioses, tlie reaction occurred in o li-iited fon. T?iis did not s&e-x to ]» due to failure to produce protective antibody, nor to be associated Tvith the inability to undergo intestinal anaphylaxis or with a mnerical deficiency of nast cells. Hie type of in'Tune response, i.e. pri-fiiy or secondary, depended on the size of the first infection, the size if the challenge infection and the age of the rats at challenge. Of particuif.r significance is the finding that relatively l::rge populations of adult worns -ny he mintained into adult life by repeated reinfection at intervals of tr?o weeks. Those results are discussed in relation to the imunology and epideniolof^y of Haenonchus contortus«^- 120) TTadachi, Y.; Tashiro, S.; Inoue, Y.; 'faranatsu, X. SHIN C0MTAMIÄ1TI0N B5T LiiDIOlCTr^ ISOTOPES. III. Í»Lí SJÍIN CONTAMINITSD 33f137Cs, 60Co MXÚ 131I. (in Japanese). Nippon Genshiryo'cu Gakkaishi, 7: 492-5. (Sept. 1965). Experiments were carried out to determine the surface and. interior contaminations in layers of fresh pig skin "Uiat were soiled with 13^Cs, "Co, airl ^3^1 solutions of various acidities and for various periods of soiling tire. It was observed that the surface contamination by acidic Co solution does not depend to any appreciable extent on the location of skin speci-ien or on the type of anion of the acid in the conta-iinant solution. An alkaline riediun was found to increase cor.id.... surface contanination by cationic con+aninant an'1 to decrease t'nt by anionic. It was found that ibe interior contanj nation is al-iost negligible, regardless of either the eontaninant species or acidity, or of soiling ti-ie. NS1 : 20 : 4*.. 121) '%de, L.; Hall, E..F. ; Sasser, L.3.; 3ell, U.C. li/UHTI^N D03Ü1 TO 'SHE (iiSTiJINS^oYxtttiu T^iCT OF SIEES? FiSi) I AN INS0LU3LJ -EMITTSLt. UT-AEC /V^ri cultural .ifisearch Lab.,Oak Ilidge, Tenn., Health ?hys., 1«: 5?~0, Jul. 1070. Sheep -?ere feel n radioactive fallout sinilant co iposed of silica San?1 t^ ryhich ^^Y (si^ecific activity 10?iCi/fç) i?as fused, an>i the ra NS\ : 24 :44500. 122) "bicker, ?.'"'.; Harris, G.G.; Dahl, ,.3. Kl 13 A 3Ö1JKCV; O? ILCIOriüCLIDIS INT.UÍE '31 WJi\iU '•1*3 >F 7LL10UT H ii;l:M)3. COO-1156-18, C0liF-660f)20-13, Colorado State Univ.,Fort Collins, Sept.ne«, 10 y. Concentrations of various fallout radionuclides wers ?iea3ured in native forage an1, in tissues of wild -tule deer over a five yenr period in north- central Colorado. Concentrations of Cs in deer flesh wera 5 to 13 tines higher tJsan concentrations reported in beef and in pork. 'She data indicated thit consu^iptiin of rteer flesh could result in a 137Cs intake »iiich could possibly exceed the intake of one nuclide fror^ the total diet. Coasunption of 'g>r liver would result in the ingestion of 144ce> 137Cs> o^^ &jjA l'Oöj^^ j^ dati^ in(iicated that deor tiesues can Tx1 useful and in sone cases, unusually sensitive indicators of envirnmental contamination by 144Ce, 137Cs, 131I, 54Mn, 106Hu, 1 i ^^Sr*0 Tlelationships^Aetneen forage an^ deer tissue for *3'Cs, and ' SΓ were investigated. During 1963, tlie radiation dose to the skeleton of yearling ^eer fron ""Sr averaged 330 nracís, which was contd. - 47 - generally higher than the total dose fro*» nitural background and other sources coibine^. During the sa*e period, tile '•'^Sr concentrations in deer bone were higher by a factor of 35 than reported bone levels inhumns. During the study, dose rates to dethyrèid, liver, an* nuscle reached 20,0.014, and 0.012 rads/year, respectively. NSA : 21 : 20111. l V. ATMOSPHEItE 123) \>ibatt, J.D. 'VOIILD UE:\LTH CONSECUTIONS IN AIIlftOliHE POLLUTION "/lEI SPECIAL TO liADIOÁOTIVS 'ft STI/PÜ3-195, CONF-680811. 1988, pp 1-4. The cleaning of airborne radioactive wastes and the operational and d«?velopnental experience acquired fron ifte "lanagcient of these wastes are nentioned. The policy of requiring high-stack velocity discharge to ensure widespread dissemination of air pollution discharges, sources of air pollution, safety record of the nuclear industry, radiation protection guidelines, ant! the urgency of ifre general pollution prbblen are briefly described, NSA. : 23 : 290l4. 124) Ulkofer, O.C. CONTAMINATION OF J£T PUNES W NUCLEI EXPLOSIONS, (in Genan). Institut fue Heine und Ingewandte Kernphysik, Kiel, 'lto*Tpraxis, 14: 473-6, Nov. 1068. In present jet transport flights, planes eo*^e into contact with radioactive fallout firm nuclear explosions which has accunulated in the stratosphere, and are also exposed to an increased a-rount 12Í of cosnic radiatitn. The concentrations of radioactivity during recent years have been "íeasured; likewise, contamination of planes has been measured for several yews. The radiation protection of flight- and ground-personnel is discussed. • NSl : 23 : 6227. 125) Anderson, 3.V. PLUTONITM ASLtOSOL STUDIES. Wa-431-3, pp 97-101. 230 The concentration anr1 particle size distribution of ~" 1I*a u in breathing air was examined in three Hanford plant facilities concerned prirarily in the handling of larje amounts of plutoniun to deternine typical air concentrations and particle sizes that -would be encountered in chronic conta... - 48 - exposure situation^ fit a variety of work locations in plutoniun handling facilities. The data collected provide a basis for prediction of employee internal plutoniun deposition when utilized with respiratory tract deposition and retention -iodeis. NSA : 22 : 25568. 126) Arkhangel'skii, A.A.; Stepanov, S.A. DEVICES CONTAINING SOFT 3ET.Í-IL1DIATI0N SotOCfiS Füll MEISULHNG UJl POLLUTION iND SURFACE CONTAMINATION. \EC-tr-6466/l, 1061, p? 135-7. The use of a flow-type ionization chamber to monitor air pollution by soft beta emitters was investigated as well as the use of scintillation counters to detenine the contamination of clothes and surfaces by soft beta emitters. NSA : 20 * 23467. 127) Bengelsdorf, I.S. SOCIAL B103LEÍS OF EiLLOUT: iffiSPONSIBILITY OP THE NEWS MÍDIA: THE DUALITY OF OUIt Pediatrics, 41: Suppl., 352-60, Jan.1968. Development of applications of nuclear energy with concomitant contamination of the atmosphere with radionuclides is discussed in the context of iVisseJtination of information of possible hazards a-wng the public. The potential threats of radioactive fallout pollution of the whole globe are consequences of political, "íilitary, social, and econo-nic considerations. They nay be technological in origin, but their solution lies elsewhere. NSA : 22 : 51608. 128) Bocquet, H. MMOECOLOflr AND MDIOACTIVE POLLUTION OF THE AT10SPHB.ÍE. (in French;. Prod. Probl. ?harn., 20: 59-80, 1965. Because of his position at the top of the ecological pyranid, nan is protected by virions harriers occurring in the wator-soil-plant- animal cycle, and by discriminatory factors in the food chain. If the increase in nnbient radioactivity re-iains weak and slow, it is reasnnable to expect that biological equilibrium will be maintained by adaptation. Irradiation of nan by fallout is essentially of food origin, fron incorporation into the food chain of the nost critical 14 131 90 nuclides, Cf I, Sr, and 137ce. Doses received are only a fraction of those from natural radiation and are considerably lower than those observed in special regions of strong natural radioactivity. contd...., „„** - 49 - Assuming a linear doee-*ffect relation, one nçiy calculate +he relative risks fron artificial sources for genetic effects and somatic effects (leukemia and hone tumor, respectively) as follows: natural sources, 1,1,1; medical irradiation, 0.3,0.4 to 0.8; fallout to December 1961 excepting 14C, 0.04, 0.08, 0.12, 14C, 0.07, 0.07, 0.11. Long-terra studies of ionizing radiation and its effect on nan will give particular significance to irradiation equilibria in Tan and to rac'iopretection probier», NSA : 21 : 1728. 129) Briggs, GA. PROCESSES OTiES. THAN PRTULIAL TUHBULSNCE AFIECTIMB EEFLÜHMT CONCBNfeVTIONS. TID-24100, pp 189-255. An investigation was nade of the significance of processes, other than natural atmospheric turbulent diffusion, that affect the transport and diffusion of radioactive material emitted into the atmosphere. These processes include: momentum and buoyancy due to node of transnissiortf surface deposition of airborne 'material and factors such as gravitational settling, precipitation scavenging, chemical interaction, etc., which influence the surface depoeitionf and the effect on the effluent flow of buildings and ground contours near the source. Each process is described, theoretical relations are developed, and experimental data presented. MS I : 22 : 45105. 130) Brunskill, R.T.; Hermiston, S.T. DETECTION AND 'ElSUiSMENT OF PLUTONIUM AIBBOHNS CONTA: IINATION IN '•ftJOtt PLUTONIUM FACILITIES. C0NF_660920-(Vol.2). 1968, pp 961-73. A review is presented of air sampliag experience in three kinds of plutonium facilities, viz., a laboratory containing lines of glove- boxes, a rranufacturing facility employing a sealed face to separate operating and maintenance areas, and a workshop used for the cleaning of saieV equipment contaminated with plutonium. The distribution of air sampling data shows a deviation fron log normal where incidents occur producing abnormally high airborne contamination. It is concTiuded from these abservatione that there is a requirement in certain plutonium areas to use personal air samplers for tiie measurement of inhalation exposures. In addition, a personal air sampler with an audible alam has been developed for the. early detection of airborne contamination in operating areas. Particle size distributions on oir samples have been studied, and their significance is discussed in relation to the assessment of the plutonium inhalation hazard. NSA : 23 : 14172. - 50 - 131) Caruso, B. IDENTIFICATION OP AcC IN THE AlSHA. HADIOÄCTI ÄTY IN BBS Aüi. Energ, Nucl* (Milan), 491-2, 196ß. The short-lived alpha radioactivity of the air over Segrate(Milano), Italy was analyzed using a gridded parallel plaie ionization chatiftfir with a gas filling of 90$ Ar and lO'/o CH4. The atnfspheric aerosols were collected by effluviuT deposition, and the neajvred x spectra for the samples arershown. Bjr this nethod, the presence of AcCp**Bi was established and its concentration neasured iß air samples taken near uranium mineral deposits. NSi : 21 : 189. 132) Clayton, G.D. TmtSSHOLD-LrtCT VALUES IN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE. Nucl. Safety, 7: 89-92: 102, 1965. Threshold-liriit valuee for atmospheric contaninants are used by industrial hygienists. The experience gained shows that fees a values are beneficial; however, nisuse has occurred. Precise teninology and proper usage are shown to be inportant because the uniting values are frequently enforced by regulatory agencies. NSA : 20 : 14805. 133) Croke, E.J.; Carson, J.B.; Gatz, D.P. CHICAGO U;i POLLUTION SYSTEMS ANALYSIS PitOGtlVL Quarterly Progress Report No.4. ANL/ES-CC-4. Mnr.1969, 266 p. Hourly neteorological and weather information is recorded for use on the \rgonne IFÍ 360-75 computer. Hourly emission data for approximately 75/í of Chicago's total S02 production are recorded. Quantitative relntsnships among..air pollution e-iissions, meteorological parameters, and anbient air quality are made. Retrieval systene are used for rapid analyses. Histograos of any desired variables are possible. A Tultiple source, computerized atnospheric dispersion nodel was fornulated and prograT7ed for the develop-iont of optical incident control strategies and long-range abate-nent plans. An operations research study of urban power plant networks was completed. A system analysis of natural gas supply and urban gas distribution is progressing to evaluate the effectiveness, operational restrictions, and econoriics imposed on the use of natural r^as as dm alternative to high sulfur content fuels. Tracers were employed in the pollution study. NSA : 23 : 33269. - 51 - 134) Dahl, J.3. STUDIES OF AIR-POLLUTION, (in Norwegian) Institutt for Atomeneißi, TCjeller, Norway, Tidsákr.Kjeni, r.-rv. Met., 28: 1O9-Ü, *tay 1968. A simple inactive tracer method has been developer! for the study of tJ\e field distribution of gaseous air cdntaninants enitted fron stacks, tracer fças indium oxide particles are used, with rtia leters in fie rojçion of The particles are forneS by combustion of nn alcoholic solution of indiuri flitrate in an ordinary oil burner. Sanples of the tncer gas, which is nixed with the stack gas to be stu'ied, are collected in snail plastic trays filled with water. The contents of indium in the sa.iples are determined by neutron activation analyflisi The method, which is very sensitive and selective, is useful for studying the distribution of R^ses emitted fron a particular stack or for the determination of the Ras enission froT jjlanned stacks. NSA : 22 : 42884. 135) Danali, S.J). FUNCTIONAL ;L:«ANGS?!ENT AND i5MxAiliaiTION.lL HlOßLSiS OF A IAJÖHiTOET FOlt MONITOaiNG illDIOACTIVlT1/ IN TKS 33IOS:.iffillS. UCBL-Trans-1356, 1966, 97 p. A detailed pro-josal is Tade for the organization and oyarntion of a Laboratory for the Detection and Identification of the ítarlioactive Contamination of the lios^here. NSA : 22 : 2493. 136) ^anali, S.D. INSTALLATION AW> .FUNCTIONING OF A LiBOiilTOBY FOB THE J)ET3CTI0N J© IDSNTIFICVriON ')? TH3 IN THE 3I0SP!IEIia (in 3reek). NP-18751, 1966, 71 p; A detailed proposal nade for ihe organization an'1 operation of a laboratory for the detection and identification of the radioactive contamination of the biosphere is presented. The existence of such a laboratory is to show the sources of radioactive contn->iiiation of tBe environment and nan, air' to point out the ways of checking tite radioactive contamination of the biosphere; to enphasize that certain prerequisites are necessary for successful checking of this kind and to discuss ways of neetinj; then for th« best possible o;»n.tion of the laborntBryij und to define the different activities of the laboratory according to which the laboratory is divided into sections, to describe in detail the work of each section, to give the correct operational interdependence of the sections, an^ also a co iplete contd..., organization chart. laboratory furniture and equip-ient, including equipment in the open air and also the essential features of the basic counting equipment, including its method of operation and correct use, are described. Personnel needs of the laboratory, necessary space and its arrangement, and rules for the satisfactory operation of the iboratory are discussed. Use of the laboratory for 'meeting the ii ods of Greece in this field is ex.?'.lined. In this respect a program of work, thought necessary is given in tables an*1 financial estimates are -'ado for constructing, equipping an-1 staffing of such a laboratory. NSA : 21 : 32640. 137) Dunster, H.J. T0rTú:) MOtóS TSiLISTIC SYSTEMS FÍH TííE .DIoCLüíGS OF iiiDIttiCTIVii! lILlBOItNE V'.\3TüiS. Health Pliys.,13: 0Í6, \ug.l967. It is contended thii ic is almost always wrong to apply the control of gaseous for (oi* liquid) wastes in terra of concentration at the point of discharge. This Takes no allowance for subsequent ''ilution, or reconcentrititm, in the environment. Usually this nethod gives an oversafe answer. For lnrge-volune wastes containing a nuclide ivhich is heavily concentrated in the environment it "my, however, underestimate the hazard. Except where there is direct exposure to the undiluted waste, the nethod is at best illogical and at worst hazardous, ''faste disposal assessment and control should be based on a study of the vnri->us pathways by which ra-Uoaetivity can he transmitted to "inn. X sinple review will usually establish the critical route, and control measures should be related to this. In agricultural areas, deposition an) passage throu,^h food chains *my be inportant and v;ill often be lore liiiting than inhalation. There is also a need for a simple series of control figures for the ííuidance of snail isotope users vrh NSA : 21 : 41027. - 53 138) Sisenbud, ?. 141; SOURCES 0? liiDIOACTIVS POLLUTION. 1069, op 121-47. The terrestrial ar\$ cosnic ray-induced origins of natural radioactivity are -iisc'issed. Properties of fission and activation products ire given. The effects of nuclear reactor operation and the reprocessing of spent reactor fuels oa atmospheric contaniniiion are sunnarizert. The effects of nuclear weapons testing aáã aerospace applications of íiuclear energy on the Jvwunts of radioactivity in the at-iosphere are also discussed. 1 NS\ : 23 : 38117. 139) first, M.f. ; Viles, F.J.; lieis t, ?. C.; 3tiblba, E.A.;0'3rien, M. J.; %?r, "V\.; GolrUn, l.S.; Moeller, S.r*t ttOT/V'uD AIS CL&VTOfci UBOEVTOiar SffifiANNlIiL KÍ0SÜ3SS iiSíBT, SEPTEOIL; 1, )967 - MiliCl 1, 1068. riTO-841-12, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, 'fees, Apr.1968, 89 r Hese^rch on air cleaning processes is ieported» The najor acconplish-nents wsici redesign of a sodiuT aerosol re circulating sj'sten to provide f'ata on the deposition of sodiun on the walls of pipes; co-ipletion of tests on the use of foans for reioving iodine and "»ethyl iodide fron reactor contaiment vessel atiospheres; investigations of cooper boads as a filter bod material for renoving (and subsequently -»easurinj?) iodine removed fron ventilating systems of power reactors; initiation of laboratory efforts to evaluate a theory on ?aypton separation by electrostatic 'iffusion; construction of a 75 ft steel contaiment tan'c enable of retaining air and ste-Tn jiressure up to 45 psijT for cle?nrqp systens; and planning on air cleaning conference on the treatment of airborne radioactive wastes. 143) N3A : 22 : 28037. 140) Fischer, H.F. 'Eism^cNTs OF jiTmcra Μ^ILICTIVITY IN TITJ: FJSS iT-ttSiSKtS E20PI AIEC-AFT. (in Gernan). Ann. Meteore»!.; No.4, 126-31 (i960). A- nunber of »ieisurin;r fli/^its were perfomed to explore radioactivity in the free atnosphere descending fro-? nuclear weapon tests. lia^ioactive aerosols were collected on fiver filters; ajter landing the eaiples were exmined usinr; a low-level counter for β-aciiivity awl using a scintillation counter with a Nal-crystal for inactivity. The nethod and probleri of collecting aerosols us in,? aircraf.t, operations of the oquircient ^ev^lojied for this and essential principles >f analysis of the records obtained are described, results of neasurenent on the occasion of the Chinese nuclear weapon tests are -«ntioned, NSl : 24 : 48186. :? O - 54 - 141) Gandino, C. CCOliEIATIONS SST'/ESN TJI3 VSIlTICiL TK/it"iUL GlíiDIENTo AND TãS S IfcU)I\TION FXl 3E CONE OL )F THIS .VFfOSPHSiJlC POLLUTION IT ISSTIA. (in Italian). CCÍI-EU2ATOM, Isprn, Italy, Ing. Nucl.,7: Mo.3-4-5-6, 1-6, May K66. The favorable climteat Ispm in rospect to sunshim? can be corcluded fr N3\ : 22 : 4287. 142) Giffor^ F.\. Jr. IN OUTLINE i)? "TS IN TIB L-TIS. L\TZIS OF TH3 TID-24110, pp 65-116* \ nathemitical-physical "»del is developed for descri?)ing the role of the earth's lox'/er atmosphere in redistributing and diluting pollutants introduced into tbe atmosphere. The pollutants may be conventional or radioactive. The source if pollution considered may be either continuously emitting, such as power plant stacks, or quasi-instantaneous, such as a nuclear rocket launch-pad accident. The principal theories of atmospheric diffusion are nentionod, fundamentals of fluid flow as they anply to conditions in the earth's boundary layer ars discussed, and mathematical formulas for describing atmospheric ''iffusion ere derived- NS.V : 22 : 451^3. 143) Grob, J.Jr. NDCLsra iwm. \m ITS HSLITION TO ABI POLLUTION. CONF-670609-2. 17 p. The use of nuclear enerr>y to produce eleetriciiyv provides a -x?ons by which the electric industry's contribution to air pollution nay be essentially eliminated. Radioactive gaseous releases fron ordinary operation of nuclear plants' consist of isotopes of the noble gases •which do not enter nan's fo id chain or body tissues. Concentrations of radioactive isotopes ''ue tö nornal back;p:ound are substantially : hir^ier than concentrations which night be caused by release of vastes ''ue to nuclear poorer plant operation. It nay be reasonably stated that operation of nuclear power plants has not and iwill not change tho ecology. \ NSi : 22 : 2230 \ - 55 - 144) HalIan', J.Z. 31DI0ACTIVE „:Iß POLLUTION IM rSR3 OD's. ASCL-2787, pp 161-75, Atonic Energy Conmission, V/ashington, :).C. .Device sets the starve for the first act, written by nuclear engineers and physicists, in r/hich Disposal he~ins the action while Decay fjradually ciosos the curtain. Displacement provides the scaac for the second act, written by meteorologists, in which turbulent. Dispersion prevails until Deposition (both wet and ^ry) brings * the curtain. 7>nse opens the final act, in which the nature of Da is revealei, and Disappearance ends the p.layi The attention in this critique is centered on Displacement and Dispersion their changes of character with varying ti-ne ani length scales, the deterministic na r»f one «m^. the statistical nature of the ntíier^ aní their relevance to rivttoaetivo n.ir pollution. N3\ : 22 : 4022B. 145) Holland, J.Z. OF TIE! Ci>NF-6f)0303. pp 125-32. Presently existing nuclear technology can* expan'i for several decades it a naxi*nuT n^ce «leteninei >>y supply anV 'le*nand, while keeping the radioactive air pollution within acceptable limits. Presently known nethor"s for inprovini? existing technology can extend that period a few arHitionil decades. But ?.fter tb-it, if the peaceful applications of nuclear energy are to continue to expand at a rote con-iensurate with human needs, new methods rd.ll he required fur industrial waste-gas handling and for evaluating the .icceptability of proposed new sources of pollution. There is no reason to doubt that the science end technology can grow at a sufficient rate to ^e available when needed. NSA : 24 : 146) INTRODUCTION TO THE ETEOilOLOGi^lTO'HC EN3UGY liBLVTION, TID-241-íO, ^ 1-12. The history of air pollution nete«rolot7y which deals with all types of releases of »nterial to the at"K>sphere is discussed briefly. The specific role of the meteorologist in association with the atomic energy industry is defined, the historical developnent of this role as the atonic enerry industry progressed is reviewed, and.".improvements in neteoroloçical methods and equipment are outlined. Nii'i : 22 : 45101 -56 - 147) Johswich, P. Ö3SÜLFÖRIZATI0N OF FWB OASES: I ÍPüiiTANCE AND BACTIC'di POSSIBILITIES. .VNL-Trans-52ri, .\.rpr«:nne National Lab.,Ill, 3rennst-TTaerne-I£raft, 14: 105-15, i:>62, 30 p. Chinneys together r/ith the desulfurization of fuel which canuot be applied to all kinds of fuel do not suffice in order to prevent the increasirxn; contamination of ihe atnosphere by toxic sulfur co-pounds. Purification procedures for flue gastes become therefore -raxidatory. A critical consideration of the basic proposals shows that additives an'l wet washing procedures, are not applicable. Anong the dry absorption an.* adsorption procedures that latter possess greater chances ^f sucess with respect to technical application ani economic feo.siM.Tity. A'ions the available absorbents at the present ti-ie only active carbon is suitable, deepite its hij^h price. T)'e develop-ient of a new procedure suts the uss of active carbon on a nore tolerable price level and pomits therefore a Tuch wider application of the flue ftas purification. The attached cost calculations have been applied for reasons of siiplicity only to fuel oil. They can hfi applied a.fter a corresponding recalculation also to "lineral coal or other fuels. NS4 : 22 : 214. 148) Xikuchi, S. dD mil CläUTOKi TUB G .S, e.,y. .;xIH, COKTAlNINi WOIÖACTIV3 SUBS •Γ-INCES. Japanese Pat-ant 1965-5000. The -«thirl proposed features the easy replace-icnt of a filter fit the tine of a Ta;jor radiation accident, lir containing radioactive substances (or dusts) is passed throu#» two filters installed one above the other. Hie histe, trapped in Hie .first filter, can be released into the secon'1 filter, by a mechanical or other nothod. The seconii filter, in which the duets nre cau.^it, is replaced with a new one. liie procedure can be repeated as often as is necessary. NSA : 20 : 35710. 14f>) Kirchner, 11.1. \ PlOTONÃTIf PÜ.TICL3 SIZJ S"W7K IN- ÜUijJUCTIiJN :UiclU AT . FLITS. I; Vier. Ind. Hy?». \ss. J.; 27: 396-ilÖl, July-Aug. 1066. Particle size analyses of 16 air sanples obtained dorin^ maintenance operations which caused hi*^i airbpriie concentration* of nlutoniun in chenistry and fabrication plants /are reported. Th* nir sa^le« showed an average nass »nedian dianeter (M7©) of 0.884 nicron nnf an average c»unt nedian dianeter (CCD) of 0.213 nicró«i. The average ti deviation (og) was 2.02. Particle ei*e spectra obtained , contd.. - 57 - during simulation of two personnel inhalation incidents showed TID's of 4.1 (og = 2.36) and 1.2 (o#= 1.84) nicrons. All analyses rel-yter! the nu-jlier of alpha trp.cks on Kodak Tyne A personnel neutron filn to the size of ?uO2 or l'*uF4 particles on -lanhrane filter paper. NS'L : 20 : 43505. 150) Leipunskii, n.I.; Konstantinov, J.SL; Fedorov, G.A.; Scotnikova,0.G. M£\N USSIä!3NG3 TTÍS 0? .7.1DUX1CTIV3 .13UQS0LS IN Eid1 ÜX.JS1 IAYE-S OF T*!E ArfiSPFDESIH llSiSD- ON ElLLOUT OF 3ÍICSI-ALTITUN Tu J» Gaophys. Ties.; 75: 3569-74, June 1070. 109 The concentrations of " Ol in fallout an:! in surface air at observation points in the Soviet Union during 1064 to 1067 are . Analysis of these data and their comparison v/ith results froo^ experiente on I2h suggest that the nean residonce ti"ie fif finel\r ^ividad aerosols in the at'iostihere aliove 21 k«i fro^i sources above 100 k^ is 14 years. Analysis of the ° ?u fallout •'ata indica tos that the lean residence ti^ie of, aerosols injected at a'iout 40 to 60 kh altitude is significantly loirer, possibly about 4 years. N3\ : 24 : 41441. 151) Mastinu, G. STATISTIC a C;)NSr?ii.^TIONS A3>!ÜT IT ü NETI 0SK ?ii -uiDIViCTIVITi IN Tild Ali {in Italian). (T. Fis. S-init. Jrot.llndiaz. (l970) v. 14(l) p 17-23. 152) Xoptsevich, T. •-SSTEOIiOLOGICiL S3P7ÜCTS ON TE".í?akL<à' OLiNGÜ.? IN E AT-&S7.M 1C POLLUTION OF \L». LV£-Í-, (in F»ssian). C3NF-660728. 1068, pp 23-36. The influence of the polir jet strean on pollution change with tine in Europe was studied on the ^asis õf total pollution 'Teasure-ients of ttie lower atmospheric layers. An exanple for 'lay of 1063 is given, and it sh.ms the variation of air pollution with the -«teorolo^ical situations at sea—level and on the isobaric 500 nh surface using, simultaneously, the data for tenperorary changes of the tropopause altitude. NSA : 23 c: 17588. 153) Little, J.C. AEl CLEINING Vf TH3 US1SC Y-12 PIANT. STl/?U3-lfl5; C0.NF-680811, International Uonic -gency, Vienna, 1068, p;> 695-724. Some of the ix ir- cie fining requirements of production, r«search, development, nnr' 'úolo.-úcal facilities in the Y-12 area were described, riv.blens anil their solutions in hizárdous—naterial containment, air cleaning, contamination control^ nn3 nir pollution control are enumerate1, lioclean and l&ninar-flow clean roans, ^orn-fres supply air systensj exhaust systenö for handlinflf toxic ami radioactive "laterials^ virus containment and exhaust facilities are 'lescri^cH, The Plant's practices regarding air cleaning are -Uscussed including standardization of specifications for high-efficiency particulate air-filters .and counting fra-ies, W* testing of air filter syste-ns, and the replaceient of sub-stanlard filter installationsi N3A : 23 : 20135. 154) 'íissoni, G. •lili-COfJTA'tiMelTION CütfLttL UííIT Js*i)il ED3 INSTITUTS Ul aiNITíl (In Italian). \nn. Ist Super. Sanita, 1: 3«7-405, 1Q65. The air filtration unit of the iíiysics Laboratory of the Institute Superiore di Sanitn. for taking air sanples is described. Sone data concerning air-borne radioactivity in the period Septenber 1061 to October l^63 .ire reported. NS\ s 31 : 43387. 155) ^ostna, \.K.; SchwenrUnan, L.C. r CKüCSNT ;:-i:SHaC-I )N ISIOSOLS .XT PLCIFIC N-iLiTJfíEST Lv'j:)i,i r-J..Y. WL-SV-1255, CONP-.670609-1, lay 1%7, 11 p. ' Ibstracts describing; tonics of current research directly related to aerosols are presenter!. Topics include air cleaning, air sanplinçr, particle inhalation, toxicity and other areas related to control of airborne contaminants in the environment. NS\ : 21 : 31395. 156) 3i)C32DINQS: TTttl TliLiJ iiiTIONiL C C0:íF-661iíl t, 1067, 683 p. Sixty-three papers on air pollution problems in the United States are contd.... - 59 - presente-d. \ separate abstract was prepared for one paper. NSV : 22 : 18D. 157) Í1A.DI3ACTIVE F1LLOUT AND MiGJANISMS. 3N"1>-1307{nt.2), > 20-7. Studies- of the -re teoro logical, che-iical, and rar1 i o ehe -ii cal compositions of atncispheric aerosols fron ground level to ••nxi-Tun attainable altitudes ire ?)eing -lade to determine the rites ,V -Techaniens by which airborne radionuclides be cone attached to the aerosol, the origin and. chenistry of the host aerosol, anr the rates ai:i nechanisns of nixing and scavenging processes in the atmosphere. N3V : 24 : 4817H. 158) Seaborg, G.T. :aSV3L0?.'!ENT OF N\TI;>N.'lL POLICY T7IT:1 iäsSffi TO NUCLEu; .41© >mmt NF7 soui:ic;23 OF PO'MI. ONP-661214. 1067, pp 131-6. Wie reduction of air pollution by the use of nuclear power plants iilstead of fossil-fueled power plants for electric power generation is discussed. :)eveloprients in nuclear power generation, including new reactors, controlled fusion, an'1 MHD conversion, are described. Changes in goveranent policies in regard to private nuclear power production are also described. NS\ : 22 : 100. Singer, I.A.; Snith, M.E. A sif-MUiy OF «res ISEOTΓ^SNDSD 'ÍUIDE FO:.» THE ^EDICTION OP DISPERSION OF UilBOiiiCS EFFLUENTS. BNL-12833, CONP-681007-1, 3rookhaven National Lab., Upton, N.Y. 4ug.lO68, 24 p. \ surnary of a recoT-iendo'* jjiiide that is useful in predicting the dispersion of airborne effluents is presented. The guide is intended as a first approxination of sinple situations in uncomplicated tarrain. Emphasis is on ordinary, continuous stack emissions. NS\ : 23 : 457. -1. - 60 - 160) Snith, M.E. 333UCTI0N OF TFOIENT AIR CONCENTI&TT..)& OF POLLUTANTS 3Í DIS^SSION KKPI HICH STACKS. Nuci. Safety. 0: 46-53j Feb.1968. Stacks that reach 500 ft or nore above ground hive beco-ie symbolic of good industrial air-pollution practice. Current knowledge on the benefits ind linititions associated with high stacks is reported. Unresolved questions about stack ^as behavior, including plune rise, inversion breakup Animations j and the effects of nn.ior terrain features are reviewed. There is no question that the hi^h stack is an extremely effective device for reducing ground- . level concentrations, but additional study is needed to Take sure thit stacks are fully exploited. NS\ : 23 : 10533. 161) Styro, B.r._ S3LP-*JBPINB'iS!NT OF THE AT^OSiíIEOE FKOM RADIOACTIVE FOLLÜTIOIÍS. (in Eussian). CONP-660728. 1068, pn 11-21. The processes of pollution of the atnosphere by radioactive adnixtures nre discussed. It is shown that self-purification processes take place alongside pollution. There is no infornation about penetrition of radioactive substances into cosiic space though such a process is probaMe. So-ie fraction of the radioactive naterial disappears by l< radioactive decay ?mt there are no conplete quantitative evaluations of this process. The atnosphere is purified by deposition of radioactive substance on the earth's surface with dust. Precipitation and clouds washout the atnosphere, washout being the do-iinatini» factor in its purification. MSA. : 23 : 17537. 162) Styro, B.I. .\T?lOS?H2LiIC SELF-PUTJFICITION ilM Ji4ÖIüACTIVi! CONTAMIfilTIOIJ. Leningrad, Gidroneteorplogiches'i>e Izdatel'stvo, 1968, 288 p. Experimental ^etho'^s for the definition of the balance conponents of l< radioactive products in the atmosphere are presented in this -sinograph. The radioactive contamination processes in the atnosphere are «onsidered. The problems of radioactive decay protlucts in the atmosphere, their deposition mth at-iosp!'.eric dust, their washout by clouds and precipitation, and tlie possibility of radioactive products re-wval fron the atnosphere are discussed. The information is Based nainly upon the investigation of conta-nination renoval fron the ainosphere, the latter is not of radioactive-but of neteorological character. The nechanis-i of radioactive atbns capture by aerosols, cloud, and • eontd. - 6i - precipitation particles is described in detail. The possibility of artificial air-cleans ing -fron radioactive admixtures is considered. NS1 : 23 : 35337. 163) Toth, A.. Í5TK0L0GIC „L r:(03Li3;JS úF DiíTJIíHHING TIIB CONCBNTJiiTx Jií 0? llDOKLDAUGHTE-i ^iöDÜCTS IN THE mi OF LIVING liO.) Í3. CQNF-6G0948. lí>66, pp 75-9. 220 222 Problems involved in measurement of the a activity from ILn- Rn daughter products in the air of closed rooms in dwelling houses are discussed. \. method is described in which an a scintillation instrument, equipped with a rate neter and a ZnS/.V;; screen to filter background, was used to measure the combined activities from TBi, "T*bt and "*°?o on filter papers, dir was sucked through the filter paper by means of a household vacuum cleaner, and a nunber of samples r/ere collected throughout each day. The detection instrument was calibrated by measuring a U3O3 source that had been measured in a gas-flow proportional counter calibrated with 233u and -oüjj stardards. The activity from 214j3i, 214?b, and 218?o was then calculated from counting rate data. NS\ : 21 : 28405. VI. & DECONTAMIN tTION 164) Adams, J. \.; Lowder, T1f.M.; "7eli.er, R.I. LO^f-LEVEL lUDiaiCTIVE! CONT i UNITI )N. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1964, pp 567-75. Discussions are presented of loxir-level radioactive contamination processes thit have been made and that are in progress. ^Ehe extent anr? nechanisms of radioactive contamination of materials and reagents is outlined alons with its effects on research. Data on low-level contamination are included and low bacJc/çrtmnd detectors are discussed. NS/\ : 22 : 2238. 165) 4GENT FOIi fSCTilNIClLLY COLLECTIIÍG AND liEíOVING CTIVE id. British Patent 1,135,264«. íSec.1068. A. material for mechanically collecting and removing radioactive contaminants from the skin or other objects consists of a foamed material with pores having a cell size of 0.2 to 3 mn with at lenst one surface beinß open-pored and of a hardness such that the cell walls form a scrapinp ed/re that crumbles Hway when rubbed on the object to be decontaminated. The open-pored foamed nater\al is contd. 168 preferably a foa-ne'1 synthetic thermoplastic thermosetting plastic, or rubberi however, an inorganic substance such as .|las3 or slag -!fiy be user*.* The efficiency of the granules or powders can he increased by incorporating into then other -natarials th->.t increase t>?o ease of removal of contaninants, such as ''eter soaps, etcj i or an absorbent or a?jsor?jent -oterial, such as activated charcoal or ion-exchange "aterial. NSl : 23 : 26775. 166) YHerhout, J.J.; ?rinke, Th.; Hunzingers '7. ;iOI:TI'N líXPOSlLiã! 0? THE '.-. -QHTiATI J?J DUi2 TO TÍI3 NOB !iL ÜTI >1J 16r- N7-1637r», ETP-ir>7, Oct. 1966, 30 -j. The average raU^active contamination in the air at iromr> lsvel inr' the avorni.;e rite of ^e tosition on the griun^ have both been for a circular ave a .of 100 In radius around the Eurochenic stack. The ostinatc is based on the atmospheric of radioactive nuclides expected to occur during nornal plant operation, an-3 on tietailo'-1 observations of we-,t'ier conditions in Mol f'urin.i 1%3. The area covers about half of 3elgiun, a large T)<\rt of the Netherlands and a fraction of 1>Testern Genany. The radiation exposure of the population within this area has been calculated separately for all critical organs, taííing into account all nuclides contributing significantly to the- dose equivalent and all nodes of exposure e.g., direct irradiation, inhalation, and ingestion of contaminated foodstuffs. The resulting dose equivalents have been averá,-»ad over the whole population within this area taking into account the actual population distribution. In addition, separate fibres are calculated for the population living 170) in the vicinity of the plant, an»3 for the ?)utch rinr! Gernan populations involved. NS4 : 21 : 12839. \ 167) Alonso, S.A. ESTIMATION OP liADIAHQN HUGE IN TIIE INiLYSIS OP >1SK OF INST\LL\TIONS. (in Spa) ) ~ Energ. Nucl. (Madrid), 11: 121-5), Hnr.-\pr.l0e7. The equations derive'1, previously rjuke it possible to estimate the conta tina ti on produced nerir nuclear installations because »oi. the escape of fission products or activation. The expressions used to evaluate the external dose caused by ß andEradiation and resulting fro" contaiination of the soil are discussed. The dose received by specific organs (thyroids, bone lungs, and the virions inrts of the digestivo tracts) by inhalation of radioactive 'substances are evaluated and the results ara tabulated. The physiological data necessary to apply the equations described are discussed. NS& : 21 : 41418 . - 63 - 168) A-'fiEIClN /ASSOCIATION F»Xi CWT^OTP.TIOfl CONTROL. 171 SC-M-67-631, C0NP-Ö70255, Feb.1067, 115 p. Medicai and pharmaceutical apijli cations of laninar air flow techniques ir the Lunar deceiving Laboratory, ns biological barrier, in sterilization processes use»1 for nedical disposables, and in operating roans are discussed as nethods of contamination control, "discussions of iir-borne contamination and its control in hospital design ire also included. NS! : 21 : 40748. 160) \nderson, X.L. D3TBCTI"'IG C0W\ 2Nl?:iON ON SUJi?,vCS3. U.S. Patent 3,247,385. \pril 1066. I process for detecting oontinination held by a surface consists Tf expositor the surfnco to ba tested to a gaseous radioactive labeled -laterial, effecting the retention of sone of the rratorial by the contaninrmt, re-roving unretfiinod naterial, detenining the radioactive e-iission fron ti'.e surface to be tqsted, and similarly leasurinß the emission fror™ under control conditions in the absence of any conta-dnation. \ co'iyirison of the radioactive e-iission fro-j the test surface and the control conditions a -väasure oi the cintanination. Material labeled with the emitter it3XI is preferable for this process. NS\ : 20 : 29484. 170) \nderson, J.L. ÃllDIO-vCTIVE y.V)C3SS FOH DSTiDCTION 0? aUiElCE CONIã.'4IHITI-JN. U.S. Patent 3,215,830, Nov.1965. A rapid an»1 quantitative iet?tod is described for the detection of non-volatile organic contanination either on netal surfaces or witbin the spaces confined by netal surfaces. The Tethod consists of dissolving a non-volatile radioactive compound, n-triacontane- C^ 173 in a volatile solvent, trichloroethylene; contacting the surfaces with 4 the resulting solution; evaporating the trichloroethylene; measuring the radioactivity along the treated surfaces; and comparing the results i7ith radioactivity neasure^ents obtained in a control ran effected^'by applyin/r the nethod to an uncontaiinated like surface. MSI : 20 : 0215. -44- 1*3 17l) Inzai, I.; Yoshizawa, Y. TO THE P- NSJ-tr-154. Translated fron -loken iutsuri, 3: No.2, 235-303, 1368, 17 p. The measured volume in the fiel-* of ra^iolotricTl protection are inevitably cor.cerne-i with the uncertain factors tint can never be resolved by mere improvement of measurement techniques* 1 concept of entropy 'popularly used in information theory was introduced in order to fxive quantitative estimation of the uncertainly that appears in the problem of internal contamination measurement, retention of the radioactive contaminant after a single intake changes T.'ith time according to the physical decay and Mol elimination. Hence there is uncertainty in estimating the initial amount of contamination from a sinçlo value of one-point samplin•; anf1 moasure-ent. \ crra>hicnl presentation of entropy is rriven and t*>o effectiveness of the internal contamination sa"plin> program 17Í is Hiscussed. •ISA : 23 : 48044. 172) tries, 3.".; Thomas, C.7\ ONP-660520, Atomic "Papons lies ear ch 3stn?3lishment, Udermaston, Eng.; 1067, p:i 156-81. The procedure used in the renovation of a radinactively contaninated 176 box line is presented. Contamination levels were extremely hi;*h necessitating +>e use of pressurized sui*s and simultaneous dosimetry usinrç quartz fiber electroscope dosimeters an^ direct reading integratinT dosimeters. The box renovation procedure involved the mechanical strip;iin,o; of its protective barrier paint, thorough cleaning, an^ respraying ""/ith Carrier paints "Personnel protection followed the ICUT' recommended limits for external radiati m doses. NS\ : 21 : 43431. 173) Iriss, 3.T'r.; Thomas, C.'\ rniNCIITSS INVOLXrS) IN THE FO^ÍUIATIÜIÍ OF D^CüNTUlINvTION ^iílSWTS. \tomic T'reapons lesearch EstaMish^ont, Aldemaston, Sng. ,1967, pp 3-10. The results liven in the pa;oer support the view that a basic understanding of the mechanisms of contamination and decontamination Trill lead to the development of rea»j;ent8 which are 'particularly suitable for specific conditions. NS1 : 21 : 43420. - 65 - 174) Vrthur, C.E.; Armstrong F. 2. r l 3TIDY 9? liOI-JACnVS CONTVSNVTION LiSSüLTING FâXl THE USE OF NUCLEI J3X?L)'3IV-liS Fttl STFÍUIATING :53TIl0L3U. f XW:JÜC!HON. 3>í-EI-6684. 1965, 13 p The problem of radioactive contamination when usins; nuclear explosives to fracture petroleum resorvoirs in an attempt to stimulate production uns investigated. It was concluded thp.t sornf« contamination of petroleum products v.rill almost certainly occur. However^ tf>.e decree »f contamination cannot be rtídicted exceiJt iy a full-scale experiment, since sinulatiiif; tbe problen in the laboratory is economically impossible because of the extremely hi,::h te rperatures and pressures that riust be re a eher) in extremely short time intervals if a reasona?>le analog is to result. NSi i 20 i 4082» 175) r*, V'.D. .V UNITION OF A^SkCTaB SHUNKBS STE3L 3T3vi IÄJNLa\-74, C0NP-.G90304-1. Nov. 1968, 11 p. Decontamination processes an-i solutions used .in täie N-reactor iype-304 stainless steel - tubed stean generators to renove the radioactive corrosion filri prior to returing are preseut^d. N51 : 23 : 15551. 176) 3anfiel Foan separation as a "leans of renoving radioactive ions fro" dilute effluent streans is described. The properties of surface active agents in solution are first discussed and the equations governing the transfer process within a foan colu-ei are derived. Using these equations calculations of the perfomnco of foan colunns with respect to renovai of surfactant have been nade. These show firstly that the decontamination factor, with respect to surfactant, increases as its concentration in the feed liouor to the colunn decreases. This property of the process is confirmed by experimental results. The other characteristics of foam column operation in series are also discussed. NS*. ; 21 : 43014. -66- 177) 3auri*çaertel, F. STUDIES OF VUIOTJS -{ETÍOOS FOIL ^TE DJBCONTAi HSiTION OP 11 ^>10 Í.CTIV3 ^vnrs "im HIGH -POIKS. FAS-J FILTSI EQUIPMENT . , 64-574, Brunswick, Ger., Tech. Univ., 1964, 76 p. dedecontaminatioc n factors for Al and Fe coagulation were 0.46 fir '"3r !V> for Ce. \n increase of the clecontamination factor for °''SÕQ r by phosphate precipitation was possible, but this method was not applicable for fast filtration. It was concluded that a combination of ai'fast filter with an ion excbancter is suitable for l^rge scale water decontamination. Decontamination factors can be higher than 0.008. Economic aspects of "/atei' purification are discussed. NSA : 20 : 4068. 178) 3ennett, C.B.; Kehrer, '7.S. ; Soule, I.E.; Corn, J.?. GA'CtUHAY FI&U)S A30YE HOUGH CONTAIN1TSL0 SUUFtCES. :\D-6Ô8327, USfODL-T?*-68-20. May 1968, 211 p. An experiment was performed to determine the effects of surface roughness on the n'vna radiation exposure rate above fallout- contaminated surfaces. Gam"'a radiation measurements were nade at heishts of 1,4,8, and 16 meters and at horizontal distances of 0 to 128 meters from the center of o. 10 ft rjia circle of 198Au contamination on various surfaces, from plate glase to 5/8 in gravel. Two supplemental tests were conducted with 177Ln contamination on plate glass and 5/8 in. gravel in an attempt to establish the energy dependence of the roui^hness effect. Ihe measured values *vere numerically integrated to approximate the gamma exposure field above a uniformly contaminated infinite plane of the base material. For each surface material, the intensity of the aamma exposure field«{in Roentgens per hour for a contamination density of 1 Ci/n , r/hr/Ci/a ) was divided by the {«vra intensity over a contaminated plate glass surface to obtain a surface roughness ratio; for each of 4 heights. The l-met^r values are presented. NSV : 22 : 40221. 170) ESTA3LISJ!'ENT ')F LIMITS *«E 3.1U)IOA.CTIVE SUlJllCE New York Tftiiv., 1967, pp 163-7. \ survey of the exposure of workers in the radiun dial painting industry in and around New York City was conducted. The total radium body burden was measured by analysis of expired breath for radon. Relations between airborne concentrations, work contd. - 67 - surface and floor contamination, and body 'burden were studied. Results indicated that no reliable relation between surface contamination and health hazards could be established. ¥ork surface contamination limits used in foreign countries were compared with results of this study. Legal considerations of health hazards from surface contamination are pointed out. HSA : 22 : 23545. 180) Blumenstein, XJ, ENTGIFTUNGS - DUD ENTAKTIVIERUNGS - GERIETE. (Decontamination and Deactivation Instruments). Berlin, Deutscher, l-ülitaerverlgg, 1965, 226 p. A description is given of specific devices used in decontamination and deactivation, and disinfection are described. The instruments and installations used for the decontamination and deactivation of weapons, instrunents, and vehicles, instruments used for land decontamination, instruments for clothing decontamination, disinfection devices, instruments for sanitary processing, temporary decontamination devices, auxiliary instrumentation for deactivation and decontamination, and commercial devices usable for decontamination work are considered. NSA : 20 : 18979« I8I) Brinkmann, G.; Schenk, W.; Schulz, \7.; Stockschlaeder, P. IKPBOVING ECONOMY YflTH THE USE OP STANDARDIZED, MOVABLE, IN-CELL BOXES, AND THE DECONTAMINATION OF THEIE EQUIPMENT AT THE CENTRAL DECONT/MINATION FACILITY. Vol.11. Paris, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. 1965» PP 653-66 of International Symposium on Working Methods In High Activity Hot Laboratories. v/hen a nuclear reseach center has several hot laboratories, all of which use in-cell boxes, it is desirable to standardize the cells and boxes as far as possible in order to achieve maximum economy, efficiency, and convenience. The principles of planning laid down at KFA-Julich, in connection with the construction of several plants, are discussed. The advantages are enumerated and the. conditions, which must be observed during planning, are described. The decontanination facility is also described. A manipulator exchange technique is discussed. "^r^ NSA : 20 : 4093. 182) Buist, D.T. RADIOACTIVE DECONT/JilNATION. U.S. Patent 3»457,521. Apr.1969 contd. - 68 - •\ process for removal of radioactive contaminants from the surface of an article comprises contacting the article -vith a hot fluid medium containing n decontaminating arçent effective for renovai of radioactive contaminants, cooling the article contacting it with hot vapors of a chlorinated hydrocarbon solvent at a temperature above the temperature of the cooled article, an N31 : 23 : 26315. 183) Cerre, P.; Mestre, E. THE INT^VENTION iND TH3 DSCONTVIINfiTION OF MXTSiLkL CONT.LMINVESL 7ITH THITIITI. (In French). CONE-640413, pp 02-7. The methods used for emergency teams during work on equipment and materials contaminated by tritiun are outlined. Uie protection of personnel and material is also examined. The techniques used in the decontamination of equipient are described and soie exniples illustrate the results obtained in their use. The laboratory program to be undertaken for the improvement of decontamination . factors is given. NSA : 20 : 23366. 184) Chassany, J.; Pouthier, J.; Delmar, J. IITJOICTIVI! CONTi:a:NATI )N NÜ3Ü4 NiTUiviL UiV.NIiJM-^LÄlITE-'i/iS :?3LCT0::S (in French). Cm-Tl-3311. Nov. 1067, 24 p. Hie results of numerous evaluations of contamination are given: reactors in operation during maintenance operations; reactors shut down during typical repair operations following incidents on the cooling circuit an-' can-rupture. They show that, except in particular cases it is the activation products which dominate. Furthermore, after ten years operation, the points at which contamination liable to emit strong doses accumulates are very localized.. NS4 : 22 : 16112. 185) CFffi-ÍIClL IND ^ITOOICTIVS ^ECONTÁMINATION. -J?2S-42929, pp 331-58. Translated from pp 301-23 of Kratkoe Hukovodstvopo Toksikologii, Móditsina Publising House, Moscow, 1066. Mechanical, physical, and chemical method« of chemical decontamination are defined. Chemical properties and uses for chemical decontaninant« are tabulated, lhe following aepecte of decontamination arc al«o discussed; chemical and radioactive decontamination of gorxr, uniform« contd.... *wm - 69 - underwear, footwear, and neans of anticheiical protection; instruments anrt facilities use«' for the chenical and radioactive decontamination of clothing and ge.ar; deconta-iinntion of redical and hygiene facilities; chenical and radioactive decontanination of water under field cnnditions; and safety neasures »luring the perfornance of cheiical and radioactive decontanination under field conditions. NSA : 22 : 8530. 136) Coffin, D.O. SQM3 SECOiYJ TROUillTS ON TiilTIITi COIÍTÁ" ÍINiTION. Health ^hys., 13: 1083-6, Oct.1067. Enclosing contaminated objects in plastic ba^s is a comon technique for containment of air-borne radioactivity. It is shown that for objects emanating tritium gas this practice increases the radiological hazard to personnel. The "to.™, serves as a reactor favorable to the fonation of HT») va^icr, which diffuses throuííh the plastic filr faster than the unoxidized rtas, and is at least 1000 ti'ies nore hazardous to hunnus. diffusion rates and tine scales for several exa-iplas are presented. The relate;! problems of tritiun rrr\s storage conta^nate'' parts disposal are briefly discussed. NSA : 21 : 45646. 187) Cottignies, S. DEVICE FC\TL lOSTSCTING T?iß ili::iO4CTIVE CO NT! :)P A SUivFlCE. British Patent 1,120,644, July 1968. The design of a systeri of Geiger-""fueller counters for detecting radioactive contamination on surfaces is described. I series of equidistant detectors disposed in at least one colunn are used to sweep successive portions of the surface at a constant s^eed. NSi : 22 : 43036. 188) Crespi, P.H.; Montoli, 3. FEST AH) FOE WSwk) ? iiSONNEL. NOTE II. jmTJ3IZã!iL INTOXiaiTION-IlADIOACTI^é ;)?3C3NTAÍÍN1TI0N. (in Italian). ?!inerva Med., 59: 3770-85, Sept. 1968. The first aid treatment to be administered in the cose of industrial poisoning by arsenic, -tercury, gold salts, ^hos^oric esters, and cyanides is described, for each substance. In th? case of radioactive contanination *the first aid treat-ient is "riven for cases villi and without injuries. The decontanination procedure itself is described. N3\ : 23 : 4988. ISO) Cruze, V.'L; '"il'cerson, D.I.; Toodside, M.B. EXTENSION OF TH GSNJEAL SENSITIVITY WILTSIS. VOW tâ III. T?.D3 1NC.3T CO;"UT3, ZWF.VI; Final Jieport. V>-650029< ru*0tM230~2(Vol.3), Research Triangle InstM i)urha-ti, N. C. Operations "íesüirch and SJcononics ?)iv. ,?larch 1967, 210 p. Detailed structure is reporter' of the FiilTIl'lN co iputer nodel utilized to perform the casualty calculations for the sensitivity analyses. The nod el is designe*1 specifically to assist in nerfonin? national sensitivity analyses of total Civil Defense Systems. The iodei, known by the acronym ANCJJT, features si^nlifie^ imut ^ata variation and rapid computation of the expected nunber of casualties frev a specified attack. Theso are accomplished by the use of readily varied analytical expressions tiirou^iout tVe iodel. These expressions approxinate area population and shelter distributions, prompt effects casualty functions, and various relationships in the fallout nodel. Included aro: instructions fox preparation of progrin input; detailed flow rUagrans and verhnl descriptions of each of the program subroutines; a description of orof?ran output, and a .FJii'fiiiN listing of each of the nodel subroutines. NSi : 21 : 36557. 100) D3VTC3 FOU TTIiil DECOOTUfiMTION OF niiiiDIATJE) ^UiTICLJIS. Trench ?atent 1,441,128. May. 1965. \ device for the decontanination of irradiated articles is described, which conprises a tunnel provided with a njate pernitting the tunnel to bo henetically closed, a support for the articles to be decontaninated which is novable throut^h the length of the tunnel, a plurality of spray nozzles which are suspended fron the ceiling of the tunnel ~\n<* allows the sprinkling of a suit,avlo solvent, e.g, Na0H,RN03, antf/or water vapnr on the surface of tti>. articles, a drain fi;r collecting nnA discharging the user! solvent into a tank ijrovided with neans to purify the solvent, and a systen for recycling the purified solvent. NSA : 23 : 38155. Dingle, \.N. T.i\CEliS FOR '3HE STUDY OF SCRINGING B3T il'L WCL-2787, Univ. of 'üchirçan, Ann Ar^or, pp 553-66. The study of rain scavenging by means of tracers fron cruedly defined "natural" sources has lé'1 to tbe idea that the resolution of pryaical- problere of scavenging nic^it be greatly improved by the use of artificially placed tracer. The selection of a suitable "iiterial to use in the study of strong convective systens, witih nensurerent by neutron activation is discussed. The design, coordination and • . contd.... - 71 - execution of pilot experiment in a strong convective stiom at Hol^enville, Oklahoma, 30 May 1967 are recounted, an?1 preliminary results of the neutron activation analysis are presented. \lthough statistics for the evaluation of natural back/çround of the tracer material, indium, .ire not yet as numerous as desired, and the sample analyses are not all completed, the criterion for success of the ;;iilot experiment, i.e., that the tracer l,e clec-rly identified in collected rain samples, is certainly net by the preliminary fibres. NSi. : 22 : 40240. 102) 3asley, C.'7. C-)NT\MIM1TI;>M: llE'-nVAL, CONTROL, E^VENTION. California Inst, of Tech., ^asadena, J.Aner. Soc. Safety, 13: 11-13, ^eb.lQ6S. The problems of ra^ioactsve contamination in industrial and research areas are reviewed. A definition of contamination requiring treatment is ;úven iff' types of contamination ani -öieir prevention are discussed. The decontamination methods discussed are decoy, shielding, and re:ioval and contolleci disposition. Specific solutions for so-ie of the con-ion or nore difficult problems in decontamination are rjiven. It is stressed that decontamination is no substitute for advance planning^ NS\ : 23 : 036. rn 193) 15YSI3ILITY 3 UDY &*l fi •!031L:Í: L'Í.3),-Í.T0:;ÍY TO \D-63657i, \^i 'I-Cil-66-1. Jan. 1966, 139 p. A study of the laboratory requirements necessary for ovaluatinp radioactive contamination of food, water anrs biological sjecir-ens was co-iuleted. .^rom the infoT'iation obtained, a mobile laboratory facility with the capability of qualitative and quantitative analyses of millimicrocurie 'irst, H."r.; Silver ian,L.; .; Dawson, S. :.T.O?:1S3D GAS \NJ XL: CLONING SY3TB5«S F)F. liOViii SÍGINB TiüST SPINDS ('7I1H SI'.^LU. :.iSS7§LÍ3NCB TO FLOATING 30JF C0NT1IN Í3 Myo-841-3 (r«v. ), 1Q64, 65 p. ^contamination systems for rocket engine exhaust gaees are discuased. Requirements fnr the -as cleaning eysteme are discussed. The technical features and economics of gas holding systems£B.8trean gas cleaners, ar.* confinement systems of underground tunnels are discussed. N3Í : 20 r 8445. 195) Fish, 3.Ü, ; Saxby, ""r,N.; Hole, J.A. F..&CTIC1L ASPECTS OF SURFACE CONTUÜIRTION ClMTItOL AT 1.77.11. E. CONF-555,. 1067. r> 290,,,. Measures for re du ein/; the possibility of widespread contaminants were established at the Itinic "Jeapons Research Establishment in order to prevent dispersion of radioactive materiala and berylliun. rrithin the "Papons Group of the ÜK'ÜLA. the responsibility for providing ancillary services was placed in the Health Physics Branch of the Group Safety Division.. Derived working limits for surface contamination with alpha and beta emi fctere are given and monitors for measuring contamination are described. In twelve years of operating experience no significant surface contamination problems in working areas for either radioactive materials or beryllium have developed. MSA : 22 : 23554. 196) Florent, II.G. PRODUCTS FOii DECONTA GMVTION OF PERSONS, 03JSCTS, AND PIACE8 AFFECTED BIT PIIDIOACTIVE SÜBSTANC.SS AND DUSTS. French Patent 1,280,130, Nov.1261. The use of water or oil soluble oxyethylenatcd fatty acids and/or complex amino acids as decontaminating agents for skis is described. The agents can be used in aerosol dispensers, as shampoos, or in the forn of drop or baths for treatment of the eye, the nose, the ear, or the mouth. NSA : 21 : 36622. Fojtik, M.; Koprda, V.; Trriovec, T. INTKINIL CONTA/CIRTION }31" ACTIVATED CO&iOälON F,iOJ>ÜCTS. II. •$££&& OF :?,IÍ)IONÜCLID3ÍI CttiEOSiatT Pi^TUCTS IN EXC2ETI0N. (in Czech). Prac. Lek., 20j 2-6, Jan.1%8. The means of evaluation of internal contamination by radioactive substances are discussed. The excretion functions of sone rar of corr«>3ion products were determined experimentally inira/ta. The of determination of the most toxic components of ràdioiso-Êopés of corrosion pror'uets of the nuclear reactor coolant circuit in excreta worked out. ?cr the biological specimen treatment, nitric acid mineralization, removal of interferin/j; ions by means of sorption on aluminium oxido and ramoval of inactive salts bjr means of anion7-excí"an,íí.: is used. The radioisotopes of corrosion products were separated from such treated camples ?>y means ofsa^on exchange end paper chronatopra^hi: methods. * NS\! 22 : 19343. - 73 - 198) Fournier, ?h.; Lachoviez, St. INDÜSTCIIIL ClSiTION OF :jJSCüiWA:flKiTION W HiPS. (la Gerann). /Uompraxis, ]5: 48-51, Feb. 1969, Decontamination problems constitute a very important phase in the construction of nuclear installations» General principlas of decontamination and the different processes used are reviewed and the necessity of decontamination "in situ" is underlined. She Application of these principles "when constructing industrial hot decontamination work-shops is considered by emphasizing the conditions of efficacity of treatment and security. NSl : 23 : 20245. Furnica, G.; Ifocavennu, N. PJVDIOTOXICOLOGIC ,IS?"51CTS OF Al\]010ICTIVE CONT'lMINilTION (in itoianian). Institutul de Igiena, Bucharest, Igiena (3ucharest), 15: 577-87, Oct. 1066. Metabolism of natural and artificial radionuclides that -iay be present in the human environment is reviewed. That of "'Cs ±s exaninecl i:a detail. It is absorbed rapidly fro-i the gastrointestinal tract, diffuses into extracellulnr fluid, and replaced X in nuscler It is griduil-Ty exc^infred for X and excreted ?iut because of a long half life residual deposits "nay produce internal irradiation for an extended period. So"ie methods for detor-iination of radionuclides in body fluids and tissues ^.re outlined, "disintegration schemes of Ua are exj)lained in tor-TS of hazards of the various ^auj^hter products, ilaiiienatical expressions are provided for calculation of the doses of internal irradiation for various radionuclides. NS.\ : 22 ; 32770. 200) Gajic, P. OUEfflYIMi OUT MISSIONS JKO'i \ CONTA ÍIMiTX1 AliíFISLí). (in SlovaJc). Vazduhoplovni Glas., No.2, 117-30, 1966. ; a The iiauer deals in sone detail with radioactive and chenioal contanination of an airfield and radiation effects on hunans and j<: other objects. Operations on a contaminated airfield perfornetl with various decrees of radiation and involving-aircraft; safety -Teasuros; determination and control of the contaminated area; decontamination of the airstrips, access roads, and areas for various types of work; preparation of aircraft; pr«tection of the c-ew; /(and takeoff and landing on,a contaminated, airfield are discussed. Tables and dia^nms show relationships between tbe 'tíêíçree ot radioactive contamination nná various i: types of work, maximuT.-working ti-Te as a function of air temperature, decrease in radiation intensity after one-hr, two-hr, three-hr periods following a nuclear explosion, and as a function of the dimensions of contd. ... - 74 - 20 the decontaminated area; as rrell as the relationship between the size of a che-tically contaminated cockpit anri the tÍ!T3 required to achieve a safe concentration of contanim.nt. NS\ : 21 : 24430. 201) Gamier, \. POSSIBILITY OF USING ^DIOACTIVIIY GONIUOL ItilASUl^&üNTS ?0H 3ST3RMINING CCKT-VUNiTION illSHS IN NUT^ITIONIL VECTDLVS. (in .French). C3\-r-3076, EÜTV30Q1. f, Nov. 1066, 40 p. Dati are rçiyen on the possibility of using results of radioactivity controls for deter-tining the oaths followed by contamination in nutritional vectors; these are necessary for calculating protection nons. Radioactive contamination of a nutritional vector is expressed in tens of par.vieters which suggest that;»a certain number of criteria nay be uso'? for choosing the results which are to he exploiter». \n actual example of a "vertical", study iased on 2Í results of leasure'Tents na^e purely for control purposes shows the difficulties which ^ay bo encountered. A list of the results obtained by the control n.?t"-r*:.ade such a study possible. It appears desirable that a l-ir?re part of the work carried out by the control Services be oriented in such a vny as to yield the cotple^ntary infornation required for experimental stur!i.*3 of radioactive contamination transfers. NSi : 21 : 223C6. 202) Giorcelli, F.G.; Cigna, \.\. TBSEV3CBES ON THE "...IDIQACTIVSä CONTV-HNxTION ^i^DVCED 3Í THE CHINESE NÜCLBVS EXLXOSIOI« 16TH 0CT032K 1964-14TH i«y 1965(in Italian). 2( r»T/?L/)T-e7-i, G.Fis.Sanit.^rot.Uadiaz., 10Í 192-9, July-Sept. 1966. I; SesultP nf'_--••«asurerjents -ode on envirpnnental radioactivi tgr. «luring the period following the explosion of the first Chinese bonb are presented. The possibility of p'ronptly detecting the presence of recent fission products in the air evjpn with the very low levels of contarination is discussed. The natuire of the explosive is j/ considered. Ttesults confined that t^ae explosive was 235g. ; NSA : 21 : 36505. . !:' * - 75 - 203) Godat, M. CO"POSITION FOIi 'ÍTiE JSLCOHT^-HNiTION OF tfUSLTACSJ 3U3J3CTJD TO NOXIOUS :Í'L;I.TION3. French Patent 1,298,077. June .1962. \ nunber of lotions and pom rios '.vhich contain as the active constituents 500 to 1500 ojl of a CiO^16 terpene (e.g.,eitral, pincne, terebene) and a determent were developed for use in the ^ecyntaiiaation of surfaces of radioactivity. Taese O'Tpositions are amplie*? on the surfaces vihich have been exposed to dangerous radiations. The radiation causes resinification of saii. co*ipositions; the resinified products can easilv !>e eliminated fro»»» the surface together with adhering contaminants« If applied on the hunon s'dn the conpositions contain -vn ozonise as a process starter. Nn : 2! : 36621. 204) Henry, ?h. SU!i?£WI3I0N OP IHTEUiU. COHTIIMÂTION. (in French). lull. Inforn. Sei. Tech. (:?aris), No.103,47-74, April 1H66. irradiation of workors by internal raflioactive conta-inaticn should 7)e evaluated in the sa^ way as t'zeir external irradiation as a «jeans of checking whether standards are resyected anfl also to supply infornntion needi?^. in case a nedica'l decision is necessary. It see-TSf' useful to co-niile in coherent fon the ideas which deal with the^fixing of standards and the evaluation of internal contamination an^ of Hoses received hy critical orjans. Special problems at the Morcoule Centre and the -«ans ei^loyed to solve then are described. NS\ : 20 i 45973. 205) Herbst, *?. Tl.OULiFíS JF HlDIOlCTIVS CoNTA! 1M1TIJN ET rME SMSÚ& 0? HUXUITICH 0CCí\3I0NE?> 3Í T3Cai«CiL VrttCfc Di^ßLOP-tSWo. .1 CJMBCJUTIÜN TO Tää DISCUS3I0N OF 2ISÍCS, CONTiiOL, .'\ND. i.i)TECTIOW ?033I3I^Z!EJS3 (in Ger-en), Vitalstaff Zivilisationskrankh., 8: 215-18, Oct. 1963. Control of radioactive contamination of foodstuffs is reviewed, lhe health hazards from incorporated radioactive »ntériala for children anr1 adults are briefly conpared in connection with ingestion and absorption of enntaninated foodstuffs. In addition to other sources, which approaches 10 Ci annually represents'a currisnt hazard to conta-Tination of the environment. 11« contaninatian hazard fron fuel production is esti-nated. Facters affecting concentrations of radioactivity in ^raes, beef, and -dlk are considered. NS\ : 21 : 14644. - 76 - 206) Iranzo, Ei FIRST 3ESÜLTS JEÖM THE HJDGitAMHE OP ACTION FOLLOWING TH3 PALO'ftJJES ACCIDENT. CONF-680507- pp 446-55. The contamination to persons, soils, airj and vegetation following the Palonares accident is briefly discussed. The gross alpha activity was deternined for estimating this contamination. NS\ : 23 : 20200. 207) Junghans, CA.; Clausing, J.C. SPECIAL 0?E3.TING "ÄOCSDUüE: CELL 1 9UN-6075. Jul.1969, 26 p. The procedures used for stean generator decontamination at Douglas United Nuclear, Highland, Washington is described in detail -with piping schematics, descriptions r>f the pipe, pump, and valve equipment required, step-by-3tep operating instructions, and operations check lists. NSL\ : 24 : 19125. 208) Jury, S.H. FOA'i DECONTASNITION OP AIE CONTAINING HaDIQACTIVS I03IN.3 AID P^TICULlTJiS FOLLO'TING i iiüCLSß INCIDENT. OIiNL-ri-1589, Oct. 1966, 21 p. Fonn suppression of radioactive iodine and particulates following a nuclear incident is briefly reviewed, enphasis being placed on methods of characterizing ant1 categorizing the various contrviinants. It is proposed that volatile contaminants c-vn be sorted on the particulates an^ the latter, via Eineteinian diffusion, can act as vehicle for transport of radioactive conta*únants to the surface of the bubble. In the light of this kinetic "lechanis-i an investigation was -nrte via a nathenatical analysis of diffusion in bubbles in static foan ruv? in foan beds subjected to elutim. It was shown that in the absence of chemical reagents to reduce the vapor pressure of radio—volatile components, the elution operation is a basic requirement to attain decontanination factors of 10"^ to 10-® in the &\a phase of the bubble. For -sithenatical convenience the decontamination factor is here defined a« the ratio tof final over initial concentration«. Sven if vapor pressure and back-diffusion of rri^io-vülatiLle eoTponente is not a problen the bed mst still be elutsd to prevent?redisporeing the contaninant* during the foan collapsing phase of the operation. A naniber of other factor« nre discussed (involving the cost of the operation, equipment and its maintenance, the problen of unifom elnant feed distribution, c, contd.... - 77 - velocity criteria, and dynamic decontamination factor via vrtiich one can exercise sone control over back diffusion). NSA : 20 : 43585. 200) Xoenig, L.\. LFÍETiTIDN OF '"<£ Sli^iCD GOIßTCENVTION FOT* litfOLINl TTiOiOTSCTED :l*DI0ACTI7E sU3ST\NC.dl. (in Genan). \tonpraxis, 12: 555-8, Nov.1066. The order of •larrnitude of irradiation flue to surface contamination is estimated with regard to the different kinris of exposure. Standard valuos for the limitation of contamination nay be deduced fro-« t'iese evaluations. The inhalation risk following the resuspension in air of loose contamination (bad ventilation buing presumed) leads to the most limitin;r conditions. The evaluations practically lead to the order of ma.;;çnitude of those standard values, Tvhich are -already use^ .at so-ie places. The safety of persons handlins; uncovered radioactive substances ^riends decisively on the precautionary measures taken, e./r., protective clothing nnA- respiratory protection. Therefore, the importance of linitinfr contanination -tust not be underestimated. The introduction of new stand-ar.i values is not considered to be ur-tent. If they are to be introduced, however, reflections show that it w^uld be sensible to fix these standcrd values for the nuclides concerned as proportional to the naximn permissible concentrations for respiratory air. N&\ : 21 : 12617. 210) ?Solesnikov, \.G.; Nelepo, 3.A. INVESTIGITION INTO T..OS DISS1S.ffiiiTION 0.7 ItLDIOlCTIVá COOTiL ÍIN..TI0N AS A. 1ÍÍ5SÜLT OF THE DISCiiiiGE OF liáDIÜaCTIVü \1\ST2 iiJTO TlIS Btlffii SEI. (in Russian). .\/\C.82/G-./L-1191. 1067, 14 p. In analysis of the results obtained nakos it possible to detemine the basic characteristics of the transfer processes of radioactive contamina- tion in the northeastern part of the Atlantic Icean. The northeastern part of the Atlantic Ocean is intensively contaninated as a result of the discharge of radioactive wastes in -the Irish Sea. The trrnsfer of radioactive contamination in the north-eastern Vtlantic is explained, by the North Vfclnntic current an'l is done in all -loving layers of the ocean. A.t a distance of 600 -ales fron the site of waste discharge, the rn-^ior-ctivity ;>f tha surface water of the Norwegian Sea is three tines higher than tho .activity caused by the total precipitation »n the ocean surface. The intense intermixing of the water in the Thov ion threshold area appears as the reason for tue rapid contanination of the deep water of the northeastern Atlantic. The characteristics of the distribution contd. parameters of the radioactivity field are determined by the flow v?locity and are related to the structure of the water ~iass of the area investigated. MSA. : 22 : 23179. 211) Krause, H. .\NNti\L PJ3Pf\HT FOR -133 UBCOHT-i'lTNlTION (in Gerran). XF&-3S8, Xernforschungszentrun, Karlsruhe (VJest Germany), Dec.1968, 68 p. A survey of the work and operating experience of the Decontaninsvtion Division in 1?67 in the fields of handling, transport, and storage of radioactive waste and the decontanination of equipment and buildings is presented. \n account is given of the laboratory experiments carried out in this field with the purposes of developing new and ix?roving iraoTO -rethc's. NS1 : 23 : 43304. ry 212) Krause, Ti.; Hep?), H.; Kitnhoefer, -i. DBCONTl lIN\TI0ii 07 ETJIFENT Ut) FACILITIES AT EIE ÍÜÜIAÍIHI3 NUCL2iB C-^NT?;3. CONF-660520. 1966, op 183-8. The Karlsruhe Nuclear liesearch Center's facility for the decontamination of equipment -ir-4 its installations was successful in the «iecontanination operations carried iut so far. The value of the -raterial irfiich could be used again s^viní; to ^econtaninati >n wns considerably hif^ier liian the operating expenses, \fter the ner facility hns started operation it will be possible to clean lar^e, alpha-contaninated equipment also, so tb/vt'WP -Trill he able to -leet all requireronts of the Nuclear Hosonrch Center. N3i : 21 : 43432. 213) Brießer, G.L. an- ?KINCL?LJS OF 0? iilTION OF TESTELl PÖIt SC-DO67-2001, CONF-670919-1, \ug.l967, 7 p. The basis for the use of s«lid-soli^ adhesion as a neasure of surface ie cleanliness is ^iecussed„ 3quipTent and procedures are described for practical use of the effect an^ typical test results given. N3Ä : 21 : 40747. - 79 - 214) Lee, II. SUM*ftar OF IÍÀDIOLÜGICIL TAEG2T \N4LYSI3 K-OCEDIUSS FOH DSCONTA" 1!*\?ION SCHEDULING. USNHDL-TBC-76, Stanford líesearch Inst.,'fenlo Park, Calif, Apr.1967, 44 This report sun*narizcs the research findings container? if four reports produced to d'tte fron radiological target analysis procedures development research. Mathematical equations for obtaining residual nunhers for the rrarpose of selecting countorneasure options and for scheduling decontamination operations are reviewed and correlated. A stepwise procedure for applying the resulting residual numbers to scheduling decontamination operations within a limiting exprjs'ir« dcjse is »resented. The findings fron exercising the mathematical equations accor^injç to the proposed procedures ire used to -iefine the utility of de contamination as a radiological countemeasure with respect to existing and proposed shelter systems. The range of fallout intensities where decontanination would be potentially useful is found to increase with better shelter systems and Inter fallout arrival ti'nes. NS\ : 21 : 28447. 215) Lindell, K.P.; bitfield, *^.J. DESIGN :.:J5'FJK!E-iSNT3 FOU LlMINúi -' CLSxN SC-ÍÍ-69-129. 'lay 1969, 55 p. The basic concept of laninar airflow anr* the control of airborne conta-rination by this nethoi are explaine?1. Basic design criteria essential for the ^laxinuri ijerf-Tnance of the various lypes of laninar airflow facilities ara described am* illustrated. An appendix provides a list of itens useful in preparing a conprehensi-vc clean roon specification. NS\ : 23 : 26407. 216) Little, J.C. Y-12 CLEAN aOOM FICILIHES. Y-^V-49, 31 p. Clean roon facilities at the Y-12 plant are described, along :rith testinn: -«thods used to determine contamination. The two nethorte pri-nrily usei to control contaninatioc are the absolute filter an^ the laninar flow concept' of air distribution. Efavironnental li conditions a± Y-12 are also discussed. NSA : 20 : 16744. - BO - 217) Maloney, J-C. ; ?íere*ith. J.L. DECONT,VÍI»\TION OF IAMD lAuGSiTS, YHHICliS, .\1L> EQUIP! Í-.3NT. AÖ-632980, NDlr-TH-66, »fey 1966, 70 3. Decontanination exjwrinents on exterior surfaces -na-K« ra-lioactive with s-iall-particle si'iuliint, and deconta' -ination studies on railroad tracks, transportation vehicles, an'1 -lechanical equipisnt used for radio logical recovery operations are descriT-.e^. Approximately 150 decontaninaiion trials were conducted at Canp IfcCoy, 17isconsin, during 1064 and 1965. Standard reclamation techniques when applied to 20 - to 75- J-tfallout on land targets were fou-jd to be lea«? effective than when applied to larger particle ranges. The reclamation +echnioue3 of iir and waterhosing v/ere of limited effectiveness Tíien applied to railroad trnc'c areas. TIio pnssai^e of fast trains can he exyu cte'l to effectively recova fallout fron ire track area un^er t?:e train. Vehicles and equip'rmi cont-nínitj ! with fallout are effectively decontaninated by dry nanual and airhcsir^g procedures, and in so-ie cases, by treatherin/i effects. The presence or use of writer, especially in below-freezing treather, can adversely affect the decontanination of vehicles nni' equiir«ci;&. NS.1 : 20 : 27185. 218) Mann, S,; Youngblood, E.L. DEC3WT-U-ÍIií\TI0N OF T?IE OIiHL ÍOLTEN-SALT F] PLiíí? ;iFTE,.L i'iuJCESSII« EtA;L\TED ZüiCONIUM-U^lNIUM ALLOY FÜEL. OPtNL-3891, Oak Ri*-e National Lab., Tenn. Feb.33-36, 48 p- Tho -lolten-salt fluoride-volatility process for recDverinft uranin fron irradiated zirconiun- or Zircaloy-2~olar3 fuel elonents vrae de>Tonstrated successfully in ihe OHNL Molten-Salt Fluo ride-Volatili ty Pilot Plant. Decontanination methods that nere used twica, follovir..: two periods of hot operation, tc reduce radiation levels in excess of 2Õ00 It/hr to values sufficiently lot/ to pemit extensive diroct naintenancc anrl equip lent "»dif Mention are described. Ji;u!iaiáon dosage to individuals viko did Hie nechanical n-ork in no case exceeded the quarterly 1.3-il allowance, final backgrounds w«re less thoa 200 riR/hr in the Tajority of cell locations, with ncisinar: readings of 500 r3/hr adjacent to oone inrts of. the process equipnent. The decantaninetion sequence was br.aed on laboratory developed work. It includes flushing with a nolten salt, followed by treatment with three "types of aqueous solutions for renoving salt filrj, !netal scale, and deposited radiation emitters. Ttxis procedure is suit.ibio for radiation levels at least as hi,';h as tiiose encountered in the two radioactive operating periods citen. N&\ : 20 : 11032. - 8! - 219) Matsui, TT; AN l??LIC iTION OP TCS LOGNaiY-LL iSO THE jmWUüX&nJBSL PÜNCTIONá TO THE :ilDIO\CTIYE SISLFACH CONT/^ilNaTION DITA IN C«)NT->A>Li Application of the Io8nor"ial function to the ^article size distribution of radioactive aerosol, radiation dose rate in controlled working areas, and radioactive air concentration was investigated by a few workers. The distribution function on surface contanirotion 'ata collected routinely in controlled workinr areas is discussed. It is shov/n that the data ;>bey lhe Kosin-Iiannler law rather than the loppional one. NSA : 24 : 2633. 220) Mazaury, E.; Dautheville, A. 0IZG1NIZATI0N OP *1EMCdi CONTliOL iNP TAKVBWS )F .ISJJiaiCTIVH CONT\MIN\TI0N. (in French). Bull. Infon. Sei. Tech.Claris),No. 103- 13-20, Apr. 1966. Medical suT)i?rvision lethods and equiTrient are described. Automatic follow-un of each case of contamination detected is -«de. This can be an external contamination witii n^ wound or involving a contaninated wcmnd,in conjunction with possible or probable internal contanination by inhalation or contamination by ingestion. Syste'natic tests at rogular intervals, indirectly by radio tóxico— lorçicial examination of urine and directly by •"/ spec trone trie whole or partial body examination, ire nade. NSA : 20 : 45971. 221) MEANS FOR DETZ3CTI0N 0? SURFACE CONTA^ilNlNTS. British Patent 1,174,595. Dec.I960. A nethod of detecting contanination on a surface i* described, particularly a nethod for detecting non-volatile organic contanimti NSA : 24 : 14368. - 82 - 222) METHOD OF, AND APPARATUS FOil, PULÜFTING ÜàSES C0NTüímiT33 71 Til iiU)I3ACTTVE SUBST'lNCES. British Patent 1,141,106, Jan.1969. A nethort and apparatus are described for purifying gases contaminated with radioactive substances. The gas is heated and the moisture content is simultaneously increased. Then the gas is cooled and afterwards or simultaneously passad through dust extraction and/or filtering equipment. To increase the efficiency of -the process, artificial condensation nuclei are supplied by "»ans of electric corona discharges; by irradiation with uv li/dit, vjhich forns charge carriers; or by irradiation of the gas with a material that preferentially emits aparticles and the radioactive series of which emprise no gaseons isotopes. The apparatus includes two filters alternately traversed by the gas to be purified and by air for the purpose of drying the filter in such a manner that when drying air is flowing through one filter, gas to be purified is flowing through the other. The ^ust extractor or filtering means is a helical flow dust extractor that is artificially cooled. NS1 : 23 : 15960. 223) Miazek-Kula, M. CHEMICAL AND ELSCTIIOLYTICIL DJüCONÜL'CilNlTlON OF 3T&3L CONTAMINATE!) m '/ABIOUS ;.l\DIQACTIV3 ISOTOPES. (In ^olish). ?r. Cent. Inst. Ochrony Pracy, 17: 225-31, 1967. Decontamination of steel by a chemical and an,electrolytiçal method were compared using steel contaminated with the isotopes P, ^Ca, 59Fe, 65Za> 00Sr> 124Sbj ^I, 137CSf 141Cef 1984u> and 204T1. ^ results showed that, for the majority of the isotopes mentioned, a considerable part of their contanimtion is removed by immersion in water, in a 0.2 n H2SO4 solution, and in electrolytes of the following composition: 4155 H3?04; 11$ II2SO4; 6% H20: 42^ glycerine solution; 55$ H3?04; 2Ofo JI2O; and 5$ CrO3 solutioin. It was also found that a high degree of decontamination was attained by using the electrolytical anode method in a glycerine and a chronium solution during about 1 minute, lyith a current density of 83 n&/sq en. N&l : 21 : 45651. 224) Miller, C.F. DEC0NT.V!IN\TI0N AS A 1Í2TEDIAL •ffilSUUE. . C0N?-680507-, ?p 433-45. The removal and disposal of local fallout particles by the usually available decontamination method has limited but specific usefulness as a remedial measure when utilized in conjunction with an effective fallout shelter system. Because of exposure rtoee constraint, contd. decontamination oner^tioris muet be conducted, sometine after the fallout has been fle -osited and, therefore, its major application would be to gain an earlier recovery of vitale facilities than would be possible by waiting for the radioactive decay to take place. Tii-'-n on the effectiveness and efficiency of decontamination of ro"a, paved «wo as, land areas, and other exposed surfaces by such methods as firehosin,^ motorized flushing, motorized sweeping, scraping, grading, anc" bulldozing (as applicable) have been obtained. Methods have been developed for utilizing these data in the preparation of operational plans for the post-attack recovery of contaminated vital facilities and areas. NSi : 23 : 20301. 225) Mosselmans, S.; Nienhaus, J. CLEANING 4JO :iiC0NTAMIN1TION OF CLOTHES, (in Gernan). BDa-4187. lug.1068, 20 p. The development of a process for complete decontamination of cottnn-cellulote material is described. The nethod. has been successful in practice for a long ti'ie. Tith conple te decontamination the naterial is not da^jaçed, ;.uid problens of waste-water treatnent are not causer1, by the nethod. Models for fixation of compounds on the textiles ire given, which take in account the special cases of radioactive contamination and decontanination. NS.\ : 23 : 14155. 226) Mosselmans. G.; Mienhaus, J. Q? iBP.lSIVES JUSO 1DPITXV3S Tãi tTI "ái W Í.32Y3P/3 HASTING, (in Germ). SUB-4186, Aug.1963, 36 p. tiret abrasive blasting has been investigated as to its decontamination potentials, different abrasive materials have been tested looking for a substance universally apv*i-efiMe. The choice has to be made so that decontamination is as complete as possible while neither "the material's surface is damaged not its adsorption qualities are enhanced. The possibilities of surface passivation are examined various additives to the liquids used for wet blasting. NSA : 23 : 14154. 227) Newman, J. INTBBWLL CÖNTA?iIN\TION OF 3UILDINGS BEST FALLOUT. Oak Ittdße National Lab., Tenn.; Health Phys. ,13: 0!)l-9, Sept. 1067. contd. - 84 - Quantitative assessment of the possible loss of radiation protection in above /rround fallout shelters due to window breakage and internal contamination requires consideration of the nechanisn of the settling of fallout, the radiation shielding of buildings, distances of blast damage, and wind, characteristics; These factors are discussed in a manner which wouF allow assessment for a particular area with fallout shelters in tall buildings. In a particular example of a seven-story building, the internal contamination on each floor is esti-ßted to be 2.5/? of thrxt on the roof, This contamination, if spread unifornly over the floor, reduces the protection factor on the fifth floor from 28 to 18 and in the unex^ose.l, uncontaninated basement fron 420 to 200. MS* : 21 : 3D161. 228) Nishiwaki, Y.; Nishiokn, H. REMOVAL OP THE Li/kJJl-lVCnVE SUBFAC3 CONTAMINATIONS. Tokyo Inst, of Tech., l^67, pp 377-83. The following levels of contanination are defined: free contanination, the contamination tint can be easily removed by air or vacuum, by applying the water or smear test, loose contanination, the contanination that cannot be renoved without applying decontamination agents; and fixed contanination, the contamination that cannot be removed without affecting renovai of some portions of the contaninated surface. NSA : 22 : 23558. 22ß) Otto, U. INVESTIGATIONS ON TFTB DSCONTA'iim-BILITY OF SURFACES BIT ai/ÍIOACTIVB NUCLIDES, (in Geman). Institut fuer Angewandte liadionktivitaet, Leipzig, Isotopenpraxis, 5: 27-34, Jan. 1 Oβ"). Experiences with the decontaminability of paints, epoxide resine,and vinoflex masses, plastics, an* enamels ?\re presented. The samples were principally contaninated by a carrier-free aqueous ™Sr(NQ3)2 solution, in some cases by a weak nitric acid solution of a fission product mixture (age: 20 to 30 days) or by a carrier-free aqueous 65Zn(N^g)2 solution. Dec~:;r.amination was, in general, carried out by alkaline oxidizing and acid reducing solutions, but also by other solutions, e.g., free fron nineral acids or alkalines. According to the results of the experiments, some references are made to the applicability of materials in nuclear plants and radio chemi cal 3aborato ri e s. NSi : 23 : 19851. ~ 85 - 230) Pariseau,-P.a. COMPOSITIONS ANDR;OCESá KO dSMDVäl OF iADlOACTIYE CONTAMINiNTS. U.S. Patent, 3,255, HO, June 1966. A. process is described for the decontamination and removal of scale fron Al, Zr, or tbeir alloys without corroding the surfaces. Tbc surface is siib.jectef1 to treat-Tent with an aqueous solution consisting of about 0.2 to 15 wt$ fron a fproup consisting of sulfuric acid and the alkali metal and ammonium bisulfates, having a pH not greater than 3 and beiiift substantially free of halides. The metal is treated . with the solution at temperatures 20 to 100°C. Alternatively, the metal surface may be treated at roon temperatures rrith the composition no water add.e'. NSA : 20 : 41214. 231) Heilerin, ?. MEASURES ?0il iiSDUCING CONT.uMINlTIOK AND MBJICAL iSMEJIiäS. (in French). STI-?U3-226, CONF-600317, International Atonic Snar.y Agency, Vienna, I960, pp 651-6. The emergency situations that can give rise to radioactive contamination on are described, and their frequency and relative importance assessed. The present encouraging situation should not be allowed to obscure the problems that are certain to result from the increasingly widespread use of radioactive sources. The means available for controlling internal radioactive contamination (e.g., iodine and stable calcium, complexinp; agents, artificial kidneys) are neither unlimited nor absolutely effective. It should always be borne in riincl that the treatment of vital injuries takes precedence over decontamination. NSA : 24 : 7377. 232) 3?erri,qjo, L.D.; .Oemmitt, T.F.; JIayden, !£•->•; 7eed, 11*?).; Ayres, J,A. PLDTONIÜM AECfCLHJ T3ST ASACTOU JfíCJOTÀMINATION TOLDT/ING A MgO-PuO FUEL ÉLSí/EiNT F.ilUME. • Cã ' BNWL-SA-636, CONS-660520-3, Mar.1066, 10 p. The rupture of an experimental MgO—?uO2 fuel element in the PitUt resulted in hi(^\ radiation fields, necessititating chemical decontamina- tion. In a 3t. month period of time, ultrasonic bath, the heavy Mm ter primary coolant was cleaned, ^rained an-1 stored, a chenical afidition system was installed and the reactor was decontaminated, inspected,tested, filled with D2O and recharged, with* cleaned fuel elements. The chemical decontamination was successfully completed in ten days. .Tecontariration factors ranged from 2.2. to 15.0. This reduction in activity has permitted ready access and maintenance of equipment. The levels contd..... F - 8b - following decontaiination were, in fact, significantly lower than those encountered prior to the rupture. The reactor has operated since the decontamination for over 34 nònths without any adverse effects iron this cleaning operation. No I : 20 : 42677. 233) PZÍDCSSS i?D VTj.iiTUS FU T-iE 'J3C 'Bl/i]Uli'lTI;)N )F 03J3GXS . STILUSES, CONTAMINJ.TE) 31/ ia IOÀCTIVE SÜ3JT.UÍCEO. French Patent 1,203,540. A.;>r.l362. Steel surfaces ire decontaminate'', by electrolytic polishing, usiiw; an auxiliar;' ulcctrods that can be tigVtly pressed a.~ainst ibhe surface to be treated. The chanber thus forro-i. between said «lactrode and the surface is first evacuated and -then filled with a flowing electrolyte, NS4 : 21 : 36620. 234) HIDIO/ICTIVB C0NT.V2lilTI.iN OF ,iL-Clii?T. NP-16887, 1966, -4 p. The British code of »ractice for the protection of persons exposed to radiation hazards fron the radioactive contanination r>f the exterior surfaces of aircraft is presented. The contamination arises froT aircraft flyin;^ throu^i the stratosT^here v^iich has retained radioactive dust fron nuclear explosions. The le^al responsibilities of aircraft and radiation nonitoring personnel are given. Monitoring equip'Tent and procedures are specified. Procedures for the decnnta-iination of aircraft surfaces, end the handling of radioactive wastes are detailed. NSA : 21 : 39401.. 235) ^iSTS TJSiT Í3NT iNJ) DECONTUUN/fl ii. (in Japanese). J\KiI-5Cn;, Japan \totic ^ner-^y ^iesearch Inst., ToSgro, pp 163-5. Research and developnent carried out in the field of radioactive decontamination in 1967 consisted of: studies on radioactive contamination m^ docnnta-iination of solid surfaces; and studies on 230^ skin contamination and its decontariination. = %^. Ncl : 23 : 18023. W 236) USiCTOL T3ClN)L0íTí SWVOkVS. ID:>-14661, Phillips Petroleun CO., Idaho Falls, Idaho, ltonic Snergjr Div., pp 83-07. ': ' • •><*>.-.• • eoatd... - 87 - Loss-of—Fluir! Test (LOFT) assistance studies Were directed at studying coating miteiials for the interior of the raactov containment building and decontamination techniques which will permit early re-entry aftor releas'e of fission products associated with reactor core melt-down. High-pressure sprays were effective in removing I from organic coatings which are pene trated deeply by the contaminant; high-pressure stem was effective in so-ie cases. 1 simulated reactor containment shell for contaiination-decontaninaticn experiente, in which coatings an*1 decontamination techniques can he testo^ in the presence of fission products released iron fuel nelt-rown is bains constructed in a shielded cell, ^n other reactor support studies, surface contamination (principally "Co in a HfO£ layer) xrca remove^ from 7if control rods hy inner si on in nolten NaOl; no attack of the '*«tal base was evidont. Irradiated Al-clad elements wary cleaned n:i surface contamination by immersion in hot solutions of 0.5 M phosphoric acid-0.001 M chronim trioxidoj followed by inversion in hot 3, 0M nitric aci;1. ."3econta-nination factors of 200 were obtained^ but the 11 surface vas corroded. liesults of the "iecontanination of tost reactor loops were also evaluated. NS\ : 20 : 28B33. 237) iiscosn-auveious FOI, THE ASSSSSMJNT OF SCÜÍPACS iftasmiua ?oi< USE HI MDIOACTIVS OiLiò. F.'uiT 1. TIET^-S) OF THJáT F3:,i 13-1SE OF JJCOUT iJCCU YTION. British Standards Institution, London, 1967, 8 p. A standard test is recomended, which was developed for conparison purposes, so that ease of decontanination of different surfaces can be compared, representing a first sta^e in the preparation of recommendations for the selection of surface materials for use in areas liable to contamination by radioactive substances. The tiethod involves contamination of the surface iyith a solution of ra'liocaesium and radiocobalt, followed by a two-stage decontamination procedure. Decontaminating solutions comprise (l) sadium tripolyphosphatt», sodium di(2-ethylhexyl), sulphossuccinate, an^ sodium hydroxide. The contaminated hrea is washad consecutively with these two solutions, followed by distil'e* water. NS4 : 22 : 30666. 24 233) Reiff, F.; jhuster, X.; Spoor, H.; Stoenpler, M. COlOxilVriVi LITJiLl-lTlEra STirOY ON THE Fi^O^ilS OF THiii w :i\mf)\cnr-rsui CONTIMINITÜD T.ÍXTIDÍB. 1 Stt^3276,e, 1967, 48 p. Descriptions of the processes used in the decontamination of various (natural or synthetic) textile fibers, as well as simple awl complex textile tissues, t?>at were contaoinated with radioisotope« or mixtures of radioisotopes are presented. Some of the textile materials considered are cotton, dacrpn, nylon, orlon/ rayon, silk, and wool. The contd - OS - physico-chenical effect of the decontaninating agents, such as chelating agents, e^nplexi IF, a/cents for certain radioisotopes, 241 detergents polyphosphates, soap, in- writer are discussed. Difficulties th.at ein occur during the irorkiivt up of a waste liquor that contains a 'econtaninatin^ a;r«nt are also presented. The processes or "lethods use** for de contaminati:«n are evaluated with regard to application ani econo-y. It tms concluded that in the case of the nost important radioisotopes ( Cs, *™Fc, 131I> 226-Af ^0Sj.f nnd 353^ that yery ROOfl resuita couW he obtained with thii hyiroxy-poly-carbonic acid or cmplexon R agents. NS.\ : 21 : 36572. 230) Ilobev, St.; Sunerka, T.; Todorov, 3.; Kristanov, ">.; 'iirinova, Ts. A 'OITÍOD )P HIM DEC:)NTAi!IMTI 2N ) F J VU)IO\CTIViSLY CONTATHMITJD ÒÜLIF1CES. (In Russian). CONF-651202-35, International Ato-nic Ener/?y Igency, Vienna, TJ65, 10 p. 4 n NSA : 20 : 25337. 243 240) Sotrekl, 3. MBTttOD OF DETELVÍININC !FE CONTAIN CnilTT AM". >>iáCONTL OF MiT:SI^L3 TISJL= IN NUCliiiii HN^INiiliE«. (in Cenan) içie, 10: 211-74, July, 1067. \ new -«thod is described for detenining the contaninability anrl decimt'CTinability of paints. lieproducible and conparable results were obtained usinn; the drop technique of deposition and a new equirrrmt for rinsing the conta linatin?» eslutions. NS\ : 21 ; 41193. - 89 - 241) lioussiaux, T\ S3U?-SUFFICI3NT NUCLEI DECOJfTAMINi.TIOiJ SM-TiiAILSi. (in French). :iev. A.lumin., No.363, 1031-4. Nov. 1963. A decontamimtion semi-trailer built in France for use in the event of accidents involving radioactive contamination is described. The semi-trniler and equipment weight 10 tons and insure 11 n by 3.2 m. It consists of a dressing room, four showers, -i control an* operations room, an^ exit lock, an'' a room containing n 12 kVc generator, wat^r .storage .and pump systerj, water heater, turbo air blowers, an-* filtered air turbo extractors. The body of the trailer is of duro.linox alloys and consists of \-SG alloy reinforcements, ano-lized A-G3 alloy panels for the outer clad ".ing, and virnished A-'i3 alloy for the inner cladding with a roof in 1 painted A-G3 alloy sheets. NSA : 23 : 500)7. 242) Boyster, (J. "?.Jr.; Fish, 3.1t. U.S. latent 3,362,141. Jan.1063. A device is described which is capable of gathering sanyles of possibly conta-iinatef^ dust-lute particulate natter fron work area surfaces. The device is a tabular open-ended housinj with a plurality of incline'1 passageways circumferentially spacer! outside the housing an' coimunieating with the interior a removable filter disposed inside. Hie housing is placed against a surface to be sa-nleri and compressed air is passed through the passageways to drive the particulate matter from the surface and into the filter where such natter is retained for subsequent examination. N3\ : 22 : 10665. 243) iloyster, G.^.Jr.; Fish, 3.11. TECH1ÍIQUES Fdit ASSiKSIUC- i-.SEMOm.OLS SU.i?'»C3 ONIlMINiTlON. CONF-555, Oak lü/^o Nvtional Lib., Temi, 1067, pp 201-7. T?easnrements of surface contamination by smear an11 adhesive paper techniques are evaluate*' and a third procedure is -.'escribed. Ihis new technique employs air impingement to redisperse loose contamination front the surface. "Hie re«tulting airborne material it is then c-.illacted on a filter and analyzed. Surface characteristics af*ectinß the msaaurement .TUCI redispersion of ^articulates are ''iscussed. The effect of .particle size on the peasurenent and redisijersion of articulates is presented in graph torn. N3\ : 22 : 23540. 4 ¥ - 90 - 244) üyan, J.T.; Johnson, T; 'Talker, S..M. ;.VJ)IOLr)GIClL ISOVSEY li^UIIiEäiLSHiS, ST-iUCTUl^, iff) • ^SS^C'I, V^LiPísü I. GSNSilL ffJNSEÄi-TI0N3. 1Ü-635Ö21, USNIOL-'TiC-ie, June 1366, 04 p. The application of d econta-ii nation strategies t^ extensive areas is discussed. Ur*>an areas ->f various sizes (fro-: a fe»? acres to fin interconnected system involving hundreds ->f acros) are exa-ninod. '-ith rivjar^tc decontaminating; vital sections and their connecting liaks» The tas'c of creating -decontaniniter1 islands of -nrshalino; areas is d'it^rnined, to ^e feasible» The liaturo an1 PCOV» of con^and and control systen ele"ient3 required for coniuctin'T effactive 'leconti-nination in practical situations is determined together nith the preattack and postattack iatn required by such a 3yste-i. Several novels were developed unr. are clis cussed.» NS*. : 20 : 41170. 245) Tlyan, J.T. CX IISC •V21LY i^í STiiíJCTüiJÜü, -He J^Ü Final líeport. June nG6, 20 p. 'Tic pri-^ary objective of thi? study was to deternine cost and effectiveness iiifor-iati'm re Latin»? to the .application of decontamina- tion an4 the extent of its utility when ap;?iio;i to the recovery of extensivo city are .as in a postnttack enviroment. The general approach to-'ir1 lectin.^ the o1» "ectives of the stu^y, including <\ brief description of each of the no^sls developed under the contract, is outline^1. The con-vml and control aspects cf -nunicipal d.eennta'ination are au-narized, and the results of a systems analysis of iecontanination are briefly state»'. The results of the extensive real-cities analyses conductc3 under the subtask az"e suTarizu.!, Hoth general and specific conclusions and recorr«nd itions xre stitöd. The rv_>tiu3t3 of the real-cities analyses sh.'vred that ri>of t\uco3itn'Tiaa- tion is a?j i Tnortant :inrt if nost critinad strategies of i These -rosnits also showed, that the recovery of substantial city areas and *iulti-buiiyin# co*>nl 2í3i. : 20 : 435^7. 24fi) Hyan, J.T.; Johnson, T.. :t;..)i:)LOGic\L -ia STIÍUCTUÍÍSS, AS© OP ;. COMHJTELi, .SYSTIÍ35 'ÍTJBLS IN 31T.: )H.T W iJSdífT.V HN\TION 1M\LYSIS. Final lie >ort. íí>, USW,Ji>-T2C-16f June 1966, 243 p, ^ contd... 0 - 91 - lhe cost and effectiveness of the radiological decontamination of urban areas in the event of radiological warfare were analyzed. Analytical, computer, and systems novels used in the analysis are presented. These include models for appro:; j/nating garria ray intensity at a single detector location, a feasibility study of the application of analog computers to the analysis of decontamina- tion, a F-TITIAN program for decontamination analysis, and a study of the nature and scoye of co-nand and control systems required for conducting effective decontamination in municipalities« NSA : 20 : 41180. 247) %an, J.T.; Douglass, J.I).Jr. STUDIES OF :^COOTAMDK.TIJN :SFFJÍCTIY3Í«Í;SS. lTJ-626727, IiN-156-11, Aug.l^64, 95 p. Examination was made by theory and by analysis of real structures, on the reductions in intensity inside and outside NFS3 building that can be brought about by decontaminating the accessible surfaces on and around the buildings. Specifically the theory was applied to nine different NFSS buildings in order to determine intensity reductions thit can be achieved by decontamination method applied to practical situations involving real physical structures; intensity reductions that can be achiever1 ivhen the detector is located inside a structure and when the detector is located outside the structure; decontamination costs (equipment, water expended, radiation dose received by the decontamination crews) in achieving the intensity reductions; sensitivity of the achieved intensity reduction to the cleaning efficiency of the decontamination operation çind, therefore, to the type of decontamination methods),* and the relative importance of the various surfaces (roofs, paved roads, r>ar'iing lots, etc) that ein be Hecnntaminated to the intensity reduction that can be achieved. NSA : 20 : 20^23. 248) Sanguinetti, M.J. A3C/N1SA SYMPOSIUM ON CONTA'ilN -JI0N C'MCiOL HELiJ AT NS»7'EXEC'), SI3:?TirOiS. 12-14, 1067. Subject: ClMíSNT ;iNJ . CONCEPTS IN IíBTiar-filNT-lTEON ;Üí.; AÜTákTION. SC-»-68-04, C0NP-e7OOÍ0, 344 p- Instrumentation for measuring contamination for aerospace applications is ^escribed. Contamination in liquids, onosurfacee, in air and .^ases, and microbial contamination, are discussed.. Methods and instrumentation for monitoring radioactive cintaninatiin are outlined.' 2! \lso, a systems approach to contamination control is presented*. NS4 : 22 : 21387. - 92 - 249) SauWmann, P.F.; Graf, H. STUDIES ON EFFICIENCIES OF CONTAMINATION MSASUicEUENT AFTER '7IPB-TEST EXPERIMENTS, (in German). \tompraxis, 13: Oct.1967, 2 p. Experimental surfaces were contaninated with Sr in a water solution of SrCl£. Filter paper, dry or moistered with a mixture of methanol snd water, was used to wipe the surfaces. A. table shows efficiencies for measurement of contamination after the wipe test for different surfaces such as aluminum, . linoleum, and tile, usin^ moist and dry filter paper. There was a wide variation in results for different materials. The efficiency can bo assumed to be 0.1 with reasonable accuracy for radiation protection. NSA : 22 : 19346. 250) Serdyuk, D.S.; Sashkov, E.V. R^IOACTIVE C0NT4MIN\TI0N DUÍIING NUCL3A1Í EXPLOSIONS. liVXEATION iiECONNHSS'iNCE. llADIOMaTttlC AND DOSIMETRIC MONITOiíING. J?HS-42929i pp 25)3-330. Translated from pp 266-301 of Jiratkoe Hukovodstvo no Toksikoloajii, Meditsina rhiblishing House, Moscow, 1066. Characteristics of radioactive contanination of the terrain are discussed. The" bulk of radioactive substances are fission products of uraniun and plutoniun; their quantity depends on the explosive capacity of the nuclear weapon and the location of detonation. In the region of the aerial explosion epicenter, radioactive contamina- tion is bjiwrnrUoisotopes of S|£Sfcl, Mn, and Na; half—lives are short. In the caee of surf ice nuclenr explosions, contanination is extrenely widespread. The nost dangerous of the long-lived radioisotopes are °Sr and *"Cs. Underground explosions are followed }]iy contanination of the terrain in the region of the crater; such contanination is mich greater than that'«rf the surface explosions. General features of injuries caused by gama radiation, beta particles, and alpha emitters are jdiscussed. Units of *neasurenent of radioactivity are listed and defined, and nethods of radiation detection are described. Dosineters use^ jy personnel for radiation reconnaissance are discussed. Methods for nonit^ring of radioactive contamination and dosimetry are presented. A radiometric laboratory for r^eaeuring contamination of foods and objects in the environment is described. NS\ : 22 : 8520. 251) Shalaev, I.L. PHOJ3LE3I OF CONTiiOL OF K/U)IOACTIVS CONTAMINATION OF "tvTüül AM) AIE T7I1H Ua\NI0M TOGETHER TJITH ITS MUGHTE» HiODUCTS. (in liueeian). Sanit., No.10, 42- 6, Oct.1066 contd. - 93 - On the basis of the calculate'! maxinum permissible concentration of uranium and tbe actinium series of isotopes, it is demonstrated th">t in certain cases the radiation hazard of water and :iir contamina tios with uranium -and its daughter products is actually determined less by ycl>e urániun ite«lf than by its dnufjiter products, such as ioniun polonium, ro/'iun (in the air) ani the Jlnii, .?o, Jia (in the water). The methods of determining the extent of 2í contamination differ de iendin^ oa the presence or absence of information on the chnn^es in the balance of the uranium series. In the first case it is ;ossible to detect any member of the series; in the second case it is necessary t> know the cmceutration of fill the isotopes, that detemine the value of the riaxi mn permissible concentration of the miarture. In both cases it is possible to control the extent of the contamination by d-itorminirjf the total activity. However, if the shifts in the balance are unknown, such as method may prove to be too rough. Squations are fT;iven for determining the maxinun perrissiblo concentration both with an-1 n'ithout rofyird for the type of isotope distribution in the hunon body. NSi : 21 : 24427. 252) Sheen, E.M.; Crouch, G.D. 3N7L-540. Nov.1967, 25 p. \n automatic radiation monitoring system was developed, by the Pacific Northr/est Ijaboratory for the Federal Support Services of International Telephone and Telegraph to scan laundered, protective clothing and automatically reject contaminated garments. Ihis system employs two stainless steel wire belt conveyors t'(at transport the wearing apparel at a belt speed of 160 in./min between two lar^e alpha-beta-ga*T-a scintillation simultaneously monitor uyier an* lower surfaces of each item of apparel for alyhe- beta-camma contamination. Ihe instrument reliably sorts items for further decontamination if they !ire contaminated to a level ^refter than the equivalent of 25,000 dis/nin (ll nCi) of Ea ?)3F or 1000 dis/min (0.45 nCi) of 5 MeV alpha emitters distribute! over 100 en 25Í N5A : 22 : 6555. 253) Simon, \. GLOVE 30X ?0L TT-ffi DlS AND DIS.ÍÍNTLINÚ OF :.iL-.-IOkCTIVISLY S.T3D German Patent l,l"'7,560. July D65. for the .cleaning of the inner surface of a radioactively contaminated container a glove box is provided with an attachment flange t> which the container i* attached from the outside, and with yulley arrangement« contei.... - 94 - for the renoval of the cover of the cnntainer and the wishing of the cover in'! the inner surface of the container. N3A : 20 : 5711. 254) 3-ith, CF. ^^^-T, .iTAJECT GlSiUGGY: GAS QÜALIT"/ TJCID-15130, California Univ.,Livernor«, Mar.1067, 20 p. plans are pr••isentei f;r the attain-ient of the o7j.jectives of th? ?ias quality experiments on I'roject Gashuggy. 4n introíuctiojí to the problen of gas contaiinati.-. n is presented, nn'i the expected chenicjl phono-nerioloay is briefly rüscussec!.. TritiuT infl kryoton-85 fire the pri~tnry problen nuclei. -The role of gas analysis in evaluating such procedures as flushing and dilution Oesigne'l to reduce the contaninntion level is include«!.. Sa-iples taken fron nthor postfshot wells will be use NS1 : 21 : 28123. 255) Steuer, J. FOIi TH3 JJÜTDÜT-OÍÍ.LTION •?>? aÜltFiCE {ln German). SZS-7/68. •Mar.lOeS, 35 ;i. are nrespr.tcr* for the performance of r'econta-iinati ^α controls in surface con^iiniijl m. "fcthotis are presantei for the 3etermination of t^e α^n*!ß surface cintanination by direct nensurenent anr? by -^ensure icnt if the wipino: latarinls. In an appendix the statistical "leasure-isnt error in rarÜatioi- protection; lerisure-ients ?.s evaluated. NS\ : 22 : 455(K>. 131, 256) STUDYING SJi?.V:;.TI(«i JF I JR.»! UU)i:)ACTIVI3 !5OLOTIOii,3 JÍ IF I-")N äiJ USING BaST'iNITiS. (in Jtunanian). • in^,,. ^/T. Ilov. Chin. (:,)ucharest), 18: 2:1*2-5, ifay.1067. "Jecontamination with, an efficiency of 83$ usin,^ bentonite of the calcic nont'Torillonite type with hi^ ionic exchan^in^ caixicity .for cations,, for the anion -I froi raf*.ioactiTe solutions with low activities is describe'!. Two hypotheeee of aniun retention ire discussed. I NS\ :. 21 : 34325. - 95 - 257) Suschny, f\ :.IV>IO1CTIV3 O.:MTV.^IN\TI-.}N .3F TíK 0OJ-UÍ3. Tech. Note No.68, 123-46 (lQ65). Ivera.-re levels of radioactivity and sedimentation, transportation, an^ accumulation of radioisotopes in the oceans a;.'o revi •#*©£. Three nain sources of radioactivity in the oceans are primordial radioisotopes, cos-iic-ray produced radioisotopes, an'1, artificial radioisotope (fro*» nuclear explosions and vnsti disposal). Chenical factors, vater "inve-Tent, nnA 'riological «rocesses affect the distribution of radio- isotopes. It is concluded that nosi of the radioactivity in tire oceans is of natural origin. Of that pirt contributed ny -nan, the predominant share copses fron nuclear veapon tests. The contribution fron traste disposal is significant on a world-wide scale, but -lorn research on ">ixin?r is needed to assure that no local problems result. N3.1 : 20 : 23312. 25G) Svehla, P. WJ'J 7iBC(im\*nm.V\ :N .ÍSÜNT3. (In Czech). Chen. Listy, 62: 537-00, 'toy 1968. Two new decontanination agents w^r••; deviloped, -iesorb D and 20, whose aqueous solution is specific for surface renovai of radioisotopes. Their efficiency %'ap compared ^rith Vv.t of other -nt:rials usei3 for this :?nr:>ose r*n^ its -ispendesnee on pH or concontrati >n invastifrated. The weakly alkaline solution- of J^esorb 10, which is »ssocially effective for ronoval of yttriun and rare earths, showed no corrosive effects and i;> ^erefore also suitable for f^econtaiination of persons. Oesorb 20, since it for"»s an acidic, subtly corrosive solution, can be handled safely in solid for i. NS1 : 22 : 332''J5. 250) Tausch, S.T. CELL N0.1 IS .Ti •>:* FOli 3T3VI IA. AN;> 13 D3C.)WT/i" Ü3&.TI0N , AID V.-JNS wsßs. J)UN-5 »35. June 196?, 20 p; The procedure used at Douglas Iftjited Nuclear, Ilichlanr'nr , Tashinpton, to isolate cell No.l piping fron the re-iain^er of th« operatinfj piping systems is ^escribed. This ^áolation is necessary to lininizo inter- ference Trith the operation at 'ohe renainder of the plant, to niniiize the hazar-'s of hi(^?. tt- iperatiire, high pressure, and contaninated fluids to personnel in t'ie c«ll Turins reactor operation, and.to nrepare tí»e cell durinff reactor operation, and to prepare the cell for stepri "Cenerator decontaninati m and re tubing work. Three p -9*- were made to provide the capability for decontaminating the cell during plant operation. Piping schematics, step-by-step operating instructions, and operations -check lists are include:!. NS:1 : 24 : 10124. 26f>) Tnic, S. i'eS> DI5C)NTX'JIN\TION OF CLOTHING. J.TLiS-45081 (llev.l) Translated fron Vojnoekon. :.»regl., 119-22 (Feb.1063) 6 p. IS it Methorts for decontamination )f clothing by brushing and shaking and by washing in inter are discussed. Also, mobile laundries for decontamination of clothin?; are described. NS\ : 22: 45507. 261) linger, n.; <7estphal, D. THE . ON OF A :>3 V.CTfT-1 liTAl C0OIAÍT LOOP, :)Ií'íON3EilTSD \T TÍ UEJICTOR. (in ) xie, 11: 235-00, Nov. 1963. The iiecnntrnination of the primary cooling syste-i of +3ie Icossendorf TI!"£J-S type research reactor is ^escribed. Detailed inv stiritions s. of adequate ^econtalinatinjí solutions resulted in using a solution essentially containing oxn.lic acid which seened to be useful for decontaminating a combined loop consisting of austenitic steel and pure Al. The maximum effect of decontamination was 94 percent founi with the measurement of the local dose rtt NS4 : 23 : 262) i, Y. SÜUF4C3 ^tS^íIClLÍSTlDIIiS 0? ILiDI^Cv'IVE CJNTAiUNlTION INT) }Ä1CÜNTAMINJ.TI0N IF SOLID SUFFICES, (in Japanese and JAEUI-1165, Japan ltomic ^ner.^y liese-irch Inst, Tokai, May 106ÍJ, 32 p. The mechanism of radioisotope aqueous solution contaqination and its decontamination of"s.*lid surfaces were studied by surface chenical v techniques. Solid surfaces y/ero classified into permeable (c*«.ton \ cloth) and i'Tpormeable (metal, p-aint, plastic) surfaces, concerning x radioisotope aqueous contamination, and the mechanisms of contamination were classified considering also their decontamination. The i mechanisms of decontamination were classified according to the actions ns contd..... - 97 - of decontaninants; Bases on thes^ classifications, the nechanisns of solid surface radioactive contanination nvS: decontamination vere studied systematical!y by nenns of the washing of radioisotope contaminate^ surfaces wiihwatery surfactants an': decontaiinants. In addition, studios r/ere carried out nn the mechanisms of ti^e and decontamination of soli;,1 surface (active carbon which is 'ifficult to classify into permeable or inyerneable surface . N&i : 23 : 2320. 263) '"'ade, L.; Pirtle, O.L.; Johnson, ?.C. CONF-660021-12, ?3 injection bottles of '" Hg-chlónerodrin were tested for external contanination by placing the bottles in a ,;lass breaker 'containing; an open vial of 153 trichloracetic acid solution and counting the activity nf the TCI solution. The bottles fron tvo suppliers were founi! to have external crmtaninatiin Tvhile bottles fron t^ree suppliers *iT^re not contamnate^. S-nearssaiylss fron a storaito roon an-' a roon where doses of "Tig-chlor-ierodrin for brain and renal scans irere yre'iKirot' were found to contain " Hg, as dis \u wedding ban^.s of two technicians. The levels ure-ro not sufficient to 'iose either a health hazard or a significant increase in the background of counting instruments. Sulfur proved to be a good absorbing nediun of 203^. it is suggested that Txtttles -:>'f • T{{ç-]abelod materials bo Tiven an acid wash before use. NSA : 2') : 45560. 264) vreller, E.I. OP ••BWI.Í.-S JF iK^iaiuiiL CJML;>L :'Í L3V.il, CWN^miiTION W i^uELECiJiS. Final import. NyO-3540-1, Oct.1067, 31 p. CoTiercially available alpha and boti counters have been invosti{rated to ietenine which of these is applicable to industrial control ^.nnitorinir of low-activity lead. ; The -röei^.ts show that standard l-)w-leve3 co-rnercial equipment is satisfffè^ojry-..^JPhe nost si'iple and econo-nical -nethod uses a scintillation counter wfth -thin plastic nhosrfcors for beta particle defection. NS1 : 22 : 36034. - 98 - 265) ''fells, n. iBT OLTalSOHICS. Ultrasonics, 4: 23-34 (Jan.l^566). The r3-!OV5il of radioactive contaminants fron metal surfaces cr.n be improved usiiv ultrasonic enerrcy viih certain denning solutions. Laboratory stu^iss shovr that ultrasonics improves d.econtaàinatiori vfhen cleaning is dons with determents, acids, or complexing a~ents. 26! The intensity of ultrasonic enorrry appears to be the„-r>st inportfint parameter ?d.th a lini-an intensity of about 3.5 w/cn being necessary to o?)tfiin significant inprovenent over the use of the cloinin:1: a^ent alnne. Under c?oor\ conditions, ultrasonic iiiproves rleconta'iination Tiy a factor of l^ or nore. N31 : 20 : 43623. 266/ "rells, n. .T^CONTVälN'.TI'IN i". ..JC.EÃLÜS Tl.. HIÜl iCTIVI'IY C3LL3 IT •i.ü.ik.^.irAZ: \to>-iic 3norfTy 7".os s „rch Establishment, Harwell, Eng. 37 719-34. Efforts aine'i \t ireventinn; contamination taken at Harwell are illustritert. :7roce'1.ures that ensure ttiat the do contamination of cells and -equiTinent, whenever necessary, is carried out efficiently and safely are described. 27' NSi : 21 : 4212. 267) 'Testhuizen, TÍ.J.; , 7an,Averbeice, J.7.; J3ruyninckx, DIüCONrvflN'-.TI^N OF :t ü I .nCTIVEHJi CONT-iMIfUTiiT: :.3L-1?37. June 1369, 12 p. The most frequently occurring contamination mechanisms an^^ decontamination are summarised. Solutions proceduras for the decontamination of various types of/fsurface8, used at the A33j an^ the success o?>taine.i, are reported. J NSA : '24 : ;U " 26r>) , G.i. J? S 1 CONP-555/ 1067, ;;>;;> l37-20rt. Techniques used to evaluate the performance of surface contamination detectors in nee ,?,t the Nuclear Pover Demonstration ^ieactor and the reapoase of thesn inetrumente for t-nxirmn, permissible levels ot surface contamination aru described. Uniformly contaminated circular surface „ „ -0 - 99 - 27! of aroa fron 1- en to 300 en were constructed by depositing aliquots of - Sr - ' Y solution oa a gird. The response of various detectors to the contaminated plaques is presented in tabular form. NSA 22 : 2254'S. 26P) T?in?cler, Jl.; Legier, 3.; 3chultes,^.T'r.; Lan^ecker, X. nECONTVnif'.TDN OF TO ISESESS'IiLiG NUCLEOLI p-J^ffi, PLiNT y& CO'LINT CIDOUIT. (in German). Kernenergie; 12: 341-7, Mov.1CK50. The three-sti'^e -'ocontalinition technique 'isveloTie^1 for -the ?; !:ower Ir-eo.ctor differs fron sidlnr 'lethois hy its for che-ical agents. Corrosion of the -interials exposed to the ^scDnt'ininatirig solutions as well as problems of waste rnter tr-:.,-it-.cnt -"/er? stucüerí. Hie first d'ecoatanination of a loory of t!-e pri Tiry coolant circuit took placo aftr-r operation of 430 effective '''\ys. -Decontanination factors up ;to 25 have been obtained, deleterious secondary effects did not occur. 11 references. NSi : 24: 160rJ6. 270) Yelahanka, S.N.M. 27 rtu;io.iCTiY?3 CONTA'-IHITION OF mm :V •UBi-Dr)i\ nnmTwim Rin-iii^s. J. Aeronaut. 3oc. India, 10: 04-0, 4ug.1066. \n account is /riven of a radioactive contamination survey on Jheiiiii 707 aircraft ."».nd the procedure adopted for decontamination and ensuring-hoilth safety. The experience indicates that aircraft flying wholly v/ithin the troposphere do not becone significantly contaminated and the inside of the aircraft cabin is safo even after the aircraft has flown throup^i a radioactive cloud. The ra-'inactive debris collected on an airplane flyizi?j in the contaminated.! atmosphere is classified under 3 categories: the loose contamination of the superficial type removed just by wi.iníç; the removable type, requiring extra effort and even use of chemical agents and determents; and the fixed tyrie, which due to chemical or physical action renains bound to the aircraft 27: 1 •virts. , ' . • NSft, : 21 : 365^0. - 100 - 271) Zlatanov, St. D3C0NTVHN-lTI-)N .IF -LFICIL INST. "JIEI SOLUTION I7-r VIlilT-JR. (in lul Voenno 'Vfe*. Delo., 25: No.1,33-44, Medical instruments and equipment nay be enntaminated *>y radioactive isotopes mv'er field conditions in connection with the use of 274) nuclear weapons. Goo* results wore obtained in the USS~i fry decontaminating objects fron radioactive isotopes in a vibrator operating at sonic frequencies an<* that was filled with a deter/rent solution. This -«ethod was tested in stainless steel plates plexirrlas, and rubber that had been contaminated with **!?, and fi0Sr. Simulated medical instruments and equipment requiring decontamination were also tester1. Treatment in a vibrator nith sonic frequency in the presence of a solution of the 'iulnjarian determent Sinr.ro proved effective. The best results were obtained when the determent solution was acidified with a s-iall a-iount of HCl; a temperature of 40°C was ap^lier?, and treatment was continued for 1 hr. The vibrator can be easily used un^er field conditions if electric current is available. NS1 : 23 : 35716. VII.CONTmL & MONITORING. 272. \CTIVITI33 IN THC DIT/ISION OF TES'lLlH i.:Jr/SICS j S APillL 1,. 3065 - 'TUICH 31, 1066. (in Japanese). JA3&I-5015, Jaran Ato-iic Sner;>y Ilesearch Inst., Tokyo, ?iiay 1066, 262 p. control activities are reported in the following categories: 275) organization of radiation control .croup; safety control; reactor an<\ laboratory nonitorin?;personnel nonitorinir; enviromental control; nnintenance of monitors nnd counting instnr-Hjnts; and radioactive waete treatnent anf* decontamination, research and development progress is reported on the following topics: radiation neasurenent; internal exposure; environmental contamination; and contamination and decontamination. \ list of publications and oral papers is jriven in the anoendix. , Í NHA. : 21 : 36575. j 273.. ATWMCE) .WJllX- -; ' ' ! C 276) The ^esign incorporates features applicable for alpha-beta-gama, beta-gamma, and alpha only monitoring in a reliable and efficient manner. Social li#ht pipes,, prob»~contained preamplifier*, and y solid-state circuitry with no relays are used to provide a satisfactory conti ..... - 101 - ratio. Soli'i state circuits were developed and fabricated on printed circuit cards coTpatible with comer cially available car-'l files. The circuits, conbined with coT-'ercially available lo,c;ic units, reduce capital and laintenance casts. Scintillation probes are e-r>loyed. NSA : 21 : 320. 274) Aiken, 3.C. 3F7J3CT OF 1713 SAVlNNiJI l-i ;?IANT ON ENVE-iON Í3NT &L i^1 J&CXXVUY. Seniannual He-jort. ;I?ST-67-3r>-.l. )ec.l.?66, 20 p. P-esults of the enviromental nonitnring yrograi of the cit-iosptere, vegetation, an'' food, an-i water for the period extending fron July 1 throu't'i .')eceriber 31, 1066 are presented. The quantity of radioactive w.ste released by the Savannah Biver ."?lant to it3 environs was, for the "tost ^irt, too snail to be distinguished fro-i natural backgromd radiation or was obscurer! by worldwide fallout fro i nuclear weapons testing. Fallout fron the Chinese nuclear test on October 27, 1066, was detected at SIP. Fallout fro»"1, the 5th Chinese nuclenr detonation in late December had not arrived at ST£? by '^ecenber 31st. /ieta activity in air,.i«hich showed no relationship ivith ulant operations, was about the sa^e as that observed for the past Is ncmths. Ladio- active 'latnrials in fish flesh continued to be far balow levels considered significant fron a health standpoint. Ttc average 277) concentration of radionuclides in river water at Tlighway 301 did not exceed l«2fí of the "JaxiTun .'ernissible Concentrations. NáA : 21 : 16336. 275) 'Biro, J. TCITlüfi INCQUPfSAlE'iN ÍIU5.1J:) INViJLViii IN IIIS JPE.UTI0N OF NiSUTLON GENcLilT Í-.1&. CONF-enOPé?, Centra 1 liesearch Inst.for '^ysics, lu^apest, 1066, pp 87-92. Methods developed for the control of tritiun contanination on sanples taken froT airborne gas and aerosol as. well as fallout and wipe tests are described. Investigations perfor-ied witii these nèthods in the enyiroment of neutron generators show the tritiurjii incorporation hazard to be nost due to the Ti - T or Zr - T particles detached tho target. NSA. : 21 :. 26456. 276) Toldyrcff, "\j 7íiefer, Tl.; Krause, H.°; Zuehlke, X. !F"2 NUCLEI SPCSiGENCY ASSIST/iNCE TSUI, AW INSTITUTION Wü STI-:UT-2S;0,C0NF-e^0509,International Atoriic Energy Igency,Vienna, 1060, PI/567-70. . .• .,--: *-., % ^ > .: J coj^ - 102 - The design of nuc? eir facilities includes control -ensures to 273) prevent serious contaninatiom of the environment, even in case of the MCA (naxi-nri credible accident). .It is the purposf? of the Nuclear E-ierjrency Assistar-ce Tervn to bring relief in the pi:«.se follor/ing the 3nn of the emission. This nay co-prise the following steps: oxact investigation of the external scope of th3 dariage, in particular assessment of the contamination of ;;rouiri persons, and material; rapii personnel •Xαcontamination; securing and shielding radiation sources; fixing contanination an'l re loving it inrt-diately •»hero this is ^oonei urgent for reasons if traffic *r to keep the dr?M?iing T* iter free fron contaninationj external containnent of the source of darker; and support in uniting the damge within the facility. In addition to these tasks of cTer^oncy protection, the Nuclear ^ner^oncy \ssistance Tean can take action also in the event of contanination within the facility which have no influence on the environment an»1 where the operator does not have the necessary neans to renove the source of contamination. Furthermore, Hie Nuclear . 275) Sher.'jency Assistance Tian is also equip-ied to render assistance in non-nuclear disasters. Details are given of the organization, -the available and planned equipment, and of sone of the experience gained in action. The Gesellshaft fur Kernforschung rabH is prepared also to nake the Nuclenir Hrjergency Assistance Tea-i available outside the Federal HepuMic of Gernany, if its assistance is desired. 280) NS'i. : 24 ; 78.7-1. 277) /kragnol, í. MONITTJNS ANÍ' ONTIUJL JF THE :^L;I;J4CTIVHY OF KL, V/ATÍÜUS AGSICULTU12AL ?íT.iO3-jJ6. (la French;. Bull. Tech. Genie ILural, No.71, 1-63. Jan.1065 The present state of the rtvVLaiictive contamination of waters was sirn.arized, principally to show the variety of the contamination, behavior of radioactivity elements in the water is described, is placed on the dangers that these radio isotopes h.ave ind plant nríçanisns. The necessity of installing an efficient and generalized nonitoring syoten is stressed. Apparatus for t*iie continuous ieasure~ient of radioactivity available in the con-ion narket are critically studied. Tha construction am" use of 201) such installations is considered fron an econonie viewpoint. The possibility of a fruitful collaboration betweea/cthe depiartrente responsible,for radioactive water contamination and those responsible for monitoring its contaiination is NSA : 20 : 43503. > - 103 - 273) 3ransgrove, A.N.; Cecers, 7C.2. AL?I-W3ETA-uAff'£i. StElE4.CE CONLi IINATION MONITJIl A.A.3.C. TYPE, 165. AV~3C/M-34. July 1061, 17 ;J. The A.A..E.C. Type 165 -ionitor is a portable instrunent, fitted with 232 re-chargeable Kitteries and ^esigneri for a variety of uses fry health physicists or persons working in rvreas contaninatecl by radioactivity. Fitted with one scintillation alpha probe and one G-M beta-ganna probe, the instrunent registers '^-10,000 counts/sec in four linear ranges. An a lorn "jay be pre-set r»t low radiation levels. The instrument also has connection for external sealers and recorders. NSA : 22 : 45272. 279) Tuch, 3. liATTATHN AI\D CONTAMINATION ?OTNIT3£XNG IN TH3 3Ei 'HO?' AT JUüLICiL (In French). IAM. 1070. p 301-310. 280) 3uist, l>.T. U.S. Patent 3,437,521. Apr.1969. 283 \ process for re^ov^l of radioactive contminants fron the surface of an article co~nrisos contacting the article with a hot .fluid rertiun containing a f3econtaninatin/| a#ont effective for rencval of radioactive conta'iinants, cooling the article contacting it with hot v.apors of a chlorinated hydrocarbon solvent at a te-ipercture above the teriper iture of the cooled article, in'i causing Use vapors to condense on the article and .-'rain fro~i the surface rinsing the surface. NSA : 23 : 26315. 201) Burton, L.'T.; Cole, J.S. Ter'ieley Nuclear pp 309-16. 284) Current investigations on the development of instrunent to provir-e a rapid neasure of contanination fron specific nuclides and the internal dose to the individual from ßiven contanination levels are described. Hazards to the worker are detenined by nonitoring either the air breathed by the worker, or the body burden. o A ?)iological -sonitoring progran is being ^evelope^ to obtain l|ie following data: air and surface contamination values fro-i conventional techniques, air activity froa j>ersonal air sailers, urine and fecal activities^ body burdens, and contd. - 104 - 1 excretion rates. Inforoation fron these dita is user to deternine !?P.5 the relation of the present working limits of cont?rcination to the hazard to the individual. NSÄ : 22 : 23555. 282) Chadwick, D.E.; Pecsolc. D..1.; Nelson, D.J.Jr. PIANNIMJ FOIL Tα.: The priie objective in planning for the control of ra^ifttitin released by accidents should be to prevent the accidents. A secon''iry objective is to provide an effective orderly action in event of accident. Hie technical facets of both objectives 2ÍJ51 are well known for ninor accidents anr1 fire not insurnountable for ~iajor accidents. To accomplish these objectives requires that responsibility be clearly established for planning and prorpt handling of rtcdHents. Based on the above rationale, the radiation source owner should play a -nior rol3 in accident planning. Health agencies should nake certain that adequate plans are nade end should assist the radiation users in this objective. IM\ : 22 : 12844. 283) Fish, 33. ií. , 7al?cer, V.L.; Hoys ter, G.'7.Jr., Ihonpson, J.L. IS)IS;JEiSIC'N OP S3TTLÍK i !2TICULVT,3S. %k ILidge National Lab., Tenn, 1066, pp 75-31. 2:17) The theory an-? experinental techniques needed tr> describe the re^ispersion of both radioactive and nou-radioactive pirticulates are discussed. The roUspersinn tests were nade using Cut?, and nonradioactive Cu"' was detected by therial-neutron activation analysis •->£ the sanples collected on the clothiqr of -i person in a roon. SOTS reconnendations are nade in operating control liiiits for a laboratory based an the surface cont*VTination neasured in the room. NSA : 21 : 13064. 234) FLQOIl HONITOE POL. C/UP3-1512. proportional counters neasure a contamination on floors faster a»? *iore conveniently than nor table instruments. Thi.« counter is nouated on a>4-wheel carriage rdth a waiet-hißh handle. 'A 4i in. visual readout and an audible alam are enployed. 4 blockiig oscillator an' voltage quadrupler circuit develop the 24Ò0 V required for the counter. ' ,,; NS\ : 21 : 6302. - 105 - Gartrell, ?.& V'A.TK. l.OLLUTION l^TJJNTLVL )F AI,, POLLUTION CONTROL DSVICili. Air Pollution. . V.3 (2 Ed), p.555-49« The interrelationships hetroon atmospheric an" strenn pollution control Ti-asures are ''iscussed, ''ater quality standards are evaluate1. Atmospheric pollution control facilities incorporating stream pollution control features for fluorine wastes, radioactive '.mstas, sulfurous wastes, fly ash, ''usts, and other particulate wastes, are ?o NS'l : 23 : 206) Sorhcrg, Z.; J/iskuleki, J. C:3NT\ UN. L'..'IÖ3 INSTITUTE :)? NUCLEI .iSS CBNEJE! IN 1963 YiiL-i. (in Polish). Ii£i-1117, Institute of Nuclear i'tesunrch, V/arsaw(Poland), 1J70, 17 p lia'iioactivity -nonitaring results fron the environs of the Institute of Nuclear T^esearchr-Zeran Center during 1060 are given. The radioactivity of fallout, soil, grass, corn, surface xvaters, and liquii v/astes were Tjnitered. The results were compared with the results obtiine^ luring 1967. IB* : 24 : 44403. 2H7) Hamilton, H.\. C0NT.VGN\7I -N C,iN£ ,0L IN HIGÜÍ Y1 rTETT-21. Mir. 1063, 15 •?. Contamination control has twofold relationship to high vacuun processing. The uso of varyincc levels of vacuun in processing operations represents the "jost sophisticate^ current technique for control J injT contamination in critical processing. Its use in the vacTOin firing node represents the ultirvte in ;7arts cleaning for -lany anplications. Conventional contanination control tpchniques are an essential foundation for the successful naintenance and operation of vacuun equipnent. Ihia paper exjplores the relationship of conventional contamination control and hi$i vacuun •^rocoflures, ani develops the potential for the use of these vacnun processes. NS4 : 22 : 21304. - 106 - 23; 3) Hayodom, V. ilV'IlTION 'ÍON1"T)LDKJ, .7ELP0S3, ACCUiACY :>M vr:: "N v? :SSÜLTS. y>, CONF-(3B12O3. 106O, pp 200-15. Twenty percent error is considere^ satisfactory in monitoring worJc, and a larger error is acceptable v/hen the radiation level is of the order of 10^ of the maximum permissible level. l?roblens of neutron and surface contamination monitoring are reviewed anl different views on pre-operational off-site surveys are compared. The or^er in which milk, beef, and vegetables become unfit for human consumption is listed. It is pointed out that "••SΓ analysis may not be required for airborne release. NSA : 23 : 4-1064. 230 ) TI1Z ;DS ttj Z^a-iflSS liS.';IT NO.27, 1067. UCML-50007-67-1, California Univ. ,Iivermore, Lawrence I Lib., 61 p. The designs and uses of radiation detectors, air sanylers, fire and smoke detectors, and respirators for use in hazards control are discussed. N3A : 21 : 30102. 200) Jaeckel, ?.; T1enninfr, H.; I-unge, M MOVABLE FLOODING C MCVONVTI-KN •!. . (in German) Nov.1068, 34 p. \ nanaReable practicable flooring contamination monitor is described which contains five large-area counters for -radiation of the Soviet type C5T-10. In connection with the cohnercitilly available countin:.T-rate meter V\-J-105 the monitor, isi> inmediately ready for application without other accessories. The coupling between counters and electronic input circuit is nade by the electro-magnetic radiation field of the counters. Thereby a big number of electronic parts is abolished. The calibration is made by different Cs-sources. NSA : 23 : 20142,; 201) Kamath, I'. .')EVE)LT?ING INSTALIATI 295^308. contd, - 107 - I2a#1i o activity nonit-jring of environmental nedia near nuclear installations is essential to Teterriine radioactivity levels present and to obtain information require l for the assessment an^ control of nopiilation exposure. The direct radiation exposure outside the exclusion area or the site bouiv'iry nay not Tje significant in nonal operations because of built-in safe^^ards and safe siting criteria. Contaninntior, of the shoreline through accumulation in s«'iinents anr1 transport is a gradual process an' calls for vigilance. The e--iyhasis on onvironiental investigation 203 shifts therefore to exposures resulting fro-i the consumption of land and aouatic ;;r~j 5uce containing released radionuclides in ono for"» or other. Radioactivity uptake in environ-sentnl itons is caused through releases in public water supplies used for domestic nurposes, fishin'T, or agriculture and fro^ ^positions on fieldsand pastures. The exposure dose to the population is evaluated fro:i a neasure of specific radionuclides in the daily diet (including drinícinrç water), discriminatory factors in uptake, physiological norms, isotonic lilutions offered by tiie trace ele^ients present, and the cheiical nat'jre an? co-nliinati-n in which the tracer exists in dietary ito-is, The develorrient of a realistic and cconoiic survey nro.çrai detiends upon the tyye of nuclear installations, /íeojíraphic. location (inland or coastal), wastes inventory and disposal practice, nature and utilization of lan^ and water bodies, an^ population ^isstribution, habits, and activity in the near and outlaying areas. Bconony and speed are realized through a nininal surveillance vrogran by: identifying hot s.iots and indicators that selectively concentrate specific radionuclides or gross activity; a study of air and rratar 'Tovenents; and recognizing the critical food and groups of pjpulation. The japer describes how these ^r 204) have be*?n carried out in differsKt installations to predict trends an^ control ovulation exposure. rfhe value of r;ross activity neasmrenents and soie recent advohces in environmental nonitoriuç nethods are also discussed. NS1 : 24 : 7r*^. 202) Xorenkov,I.?.; Golikov, V;Ya. '«ET«)«* W :,L:L)I V-ET.UIG C JNTIiU ^P loOI 'ACTIVE )F M')IST '^aiNG dCBElCSB. (in Bussiaa). Sanit., 2: 54-6 (Feb. 1066). The emitters, Tvhich ro present the chief potential source for incoporation of highly toxic radioisotopes, we?.e found to settle on exposed surfaces, foning three physically -'istinct layers: a - loose, easily renovable layer, a slightly bound layer that -met bo treated with special íécontaminating agents and a strongly bound layer t';it can be renoved only by renovinsç the naterial composing tije layer. The loose layer presents the greatest hazard because it can be easily transferred to-the;hands and the clothing of tíie workers. It was proposed that s-iooth or i'tper-ieiblo surfaces „ be driisd by heating with an infrared lanp placed 5 to T en fron contd.... - 108 - then; the 'le^ree of dryness -nay be determined by means of a hygrometer. It v/ns also found that the count rate involving mteri'al collector from porous surfaces> such as vfood, decreased by 25$ when the humidity incrensod fron 0 to 24;í. 3y taking this effect into account', the contamination of porous materials may be calculated without eonplete drying of the test surface* NS\ : 20 : 25326. Manneschni'H, J-.F. ÍÍ3C2NT .OVÁNCSS IN M )NITTiIINL- OF i;4' IHCTIVá üiiá:];üo 7U3TES .AT Ü2NL. )ItfJL-TM-1569, Oák I&djje National Lab-, Tenn, Oct. ir»66., 37 p.. Many activities at the Oak r.Dirtge National Laboratory are concerned with the ehe"iical processing of radioactive -iaterials-. Gaseous effluents fron these operations am treated to rwnove cl-ingerous contaminants j.»rior to release to the atnos;?here. Pontine »nonitoring of such emissions was started in 1056 when "lanually operated particulate nonitors were installed at each of three process stacks. Since that ^ate, coverage has been extended to six stacks,, the sanple withdrawal systen has been re?juilt, an«i the detection equipment has been a^-'od to an NS1 : 21 : 37Q0. 204) M0NIT1.JNG .)P THS IL-u-'DlCTIVITy JF F:).OS. (ln Gerntui). Schriftenreihe T3unlesnin 7"'iss, Forsch., Strnhle-nschutx (Funich), 26: 1-218, 1065. The 23 flyers prgseated before tv;o sessions of the Subcomittee on J.ladioactivity Monitoring of Food3 and Other iioln/rical Materials are comniloi'.. Tiie'topics Hscus?ed were: systeriatic sa*nflin.o; in contamination studios on foo''; organization of mtnitorinfr system for food contamination ; r.Tiioactiviiy of cistern an' surface Traters of Silesia-Holstein; radiation burden from upta?ce by foo^s of rai^io- isotoijes released by nuclear explosions; radiochemical deternieetion of ^*'Cs., dsternination of 137Cs in food ash; behavior of Cs an& X compounds at increased tempei-itures -iüriní? ashin;; of foorls, T)repTration of meri3ure^ent sim-yles; error statistics in the counting of nuclear particles; neasurements in whole-body c writer; tjuantitativ»- V spectroscopy; Sr determination usinß x-ray fluorescence; rapid methods of noasurement; selection of sampling sitos and armyling sequences; saf-plinß program for nonitoriniy of food; monitoring network in the USA; error possibilities in contamination research; radioactivity in foods in 1062 and estimation bf radiation' burden'received by population; radio- activity monitorine of foo^ imports; removal of radioactive contaminants coatd - 109 - fron food iisintT milk ?\s an example; decnntamination of milk vi th Tvheyiiig methods; the permissible uptake of radioactive materials in nen, and desirable supplements to present monitoring programs. NS'i 20 : 18076. PlANSTLff ':UV:'IHTINJ1 ivü&iUí. Twelfth <>arterly iirogr^ss I-e^ort for ^riod 3ndin.fi March 31, 1060. , Sandia Labs., Ubuquorque, N.Mex., í-hr.lí)6'í, 22 p. :ss is reported on contamination control study, bi' ex >erimantation an' mo-U;lin.T, lunar information system, mo^olin.'T, and ^laboratory su;> ?ort work. Figures are presenter! to show vertical laminar airflow research facility; number of viable Tjarticles per teo-minute intervals; and ration of number of particles vs anrjle. NSA. : %i ; 7i'16. 2f<6) IPP/JÍ«, ll.vi SAMPLING \N,1 íDNITOIlING P^OG^l'l. C*0_4f>l-162. Jul 1070, 00 p. The acquiring of useful data on radioactive debris it his^i .altitudes required tb.e development of balloon-borne particulate sonplinr systens and of hii^ily sensitiv-.- instmmentation for controlling, monitoring, and recording; sam">lin>» sjrstcms performance. The program follotred in developing ti-ese deviiee is su^marizef1 startin.i" *vitb the first low altitude s-im;>]«?r ^n'1 finally resuitia.'-; in thirl íçen-íration sa^plini; devices and sarnnlor :;erform-once monitors for CTeration to altitudes of 140,000 ft. The equinment used in the field includes the direct flow sampler, the 10'^-cfm air ejector sampler, the TF/-30V sampler, the models TV-2 an' :r&-3 flo-^n.oter, the 3~58 densitometer altimeter, and a solid-state, 40-mes;acycle data transmission systen. N3.\ : 24 : 46392. 207) Van T>en ~ter.i, A.lan, J. Ua'iLTH rSCfSICS-Fit'icsSS CONTIHL iiaFSJslíCS rlliSttVL. V)Liro I. \D-677360. July 1066, 240 p. The manual is desiigneri for use "by Nuclear i?OTrer I?lant Process Control Specialists. It contains health physics and water chemistry procedures for pwidance in plant operation. Although this nanu'il cannot (jive detailed recommendations, necessarj' and sufficient for all conditions, it gives general recommendations suitable for typical ->lant use. Volume I contains sections on "lersonnel monitoring, radioactive materials control, and decontamination. •ÍSÀ : 23 : 3^603. - 110 - Rt, K.J. "rnmrj ?>ii jmi MINITOKING »jn ITS USE IN T*Í>3 '•' íNITTXNG )F TíIE JU3LXGI NUCL3iE KBSS'ili-CH INST\LL\TI)N. (in German). JUL-566-ST. \JC.1068, 3^ n. The measurement naraneters suitable for monitoring radioactivity in air are considered from the standpoint of the potential paths by "vhich radioisotopes nay enter nan. The measurement of -the inhalatim burton fron radioactive aerosols, radioiodine, and tritium is the principal subject of the study. The nost i-iyortant enrichient '-,o'lg are tutlinert and the nethods of neasure^.ent and of san üin;* by filter "lethods anr1 witJx filter ban NS.l : 23 : 43757. 233) Vernon, 'J.; Hall, 3..M.; ^oda, G.\. ."•ECONTVÜNlTI.i; Ali> .5I0-,lSS.iy I'LUTONIEl Health 12: 1530-43, Nov. !P66. •\ Jlutoniui-contaninated puncture wound sustained in a y facility necessitate1 extensive nonitoring and bio-assay surveillance to -'etenine the extent of nlutoniun ^position and the effectiveness of .-'econta-iination "leasures. \ general description of the wound incident, the nonitorinj; techniques used, a tabulation of decontamina- tion an'' bio-assay data, and suggestions for future consideratioa are presented in this pa.ier. NSA ; 21 : 14650. "ferderer, 1. IVE CONT.V-!IN\TI)N IN ' ^Cal.JPS . "!Ü35 FTi :; V5TJ3-Trans-lin4. Translated by E.1'. Gillis, 33 p. Techniques associated with the nonito^ing of water aná of air are reviewed, togather -with techniques for the neiiswie Tent of surface contamination, under the following headings: Units for estimation of contamination by fluids (concentration, accumulated activity); factors affecting the sampling of a fluid (homogeneous and heterogeneous dispersion, dispersion in space, effect of s^ee* of snTxlinsr, sedimentation,in saiplin«: devices, adsorption on sampling devices); principles of measurement of fluirs (direct measureneni of contd.. •1 O-1 We regret that some of the pages in the microfiche copy of this report may not be up to the proper legibility standards, even though the best possible copy was used for preparing the master fiche. - 122 - - 111 - sa-'plej collecting activity present in a fluid} collecting atmospheric contamination^ collection of aerosols, collecting activity preecnt in water); interpretation of results (inhaled activity, lí>n.íT-lived sources of radiation); principal types «f apparatus for measuring accumulated activity (discontinuous monitoring, continuous monitoring); apparatus for measure lent of confcentration (''is continuous monitoring equipment} continuous monitorin,? eüuipneiit without collection principal types of contamination detector without collection^ equipment combining continuous moni.t«:'•'ng with collection); contamination of surfaces (generalized homoßjeneous contamination, localized contamination , principal detectors used); detection of non-static activity (procedures for suspension, procedures using transfer), NS.\ : 23 : 38241. 301) J. ?KO:)LEMS OP aSTItlTING THE :.iV)llTI.)N ." E Pli E^TJOTIJN VSY1 VE y 7IK2Í mZlGY ai-LITI , rm 5il6-05. difficulties in the evaluation of radii»ti- n risk fron verj' high energy radiation arise primarily fron the occurrence of nuclear :rrocesv;eg and the presence of a variety of secondary radiation in the tissue. Calculations nade under such circumstances hav« provided flux-to-dose conversion factors for neutrons and prjtons up to GeV, hut the application of these factor« to actual situations creates difficulties particularly in interpretation. For this reason simplified integral methods ^ase11 on the activation of •llC fron i NSA : 24 : 27586. 302) linford, F.T."; larish, J.; Ban, F. 3.K. 3STIÍ1TI1N IF „VOLITION ^."!SES F<>LL0'.rING \ LSUCT,)» -iCCX.JJJSiP. •XNL-4006, %k liidge National La?).; Feb.lOGH, 41 p. upon the "Gaussian Plu-ie" fomula, a :iodel heis been developed '.jeririts calculation of the i^ov/nwind radiation doses to be expected following a reactor accident, ^lthoug^i üie calculation presented here is concerned only with the thyroid, dose due to iodines and the whole body dose due to iodines and noble gases, it can easily be adapted to handle otiier isotopes. The basic assunptions include instantaneous release of a given quantity of radioactive laterial into co ntd.. - 125 - - 112 - a roactor building followed by emission at a constant (volune) rate fron a point soiirce. lladioactive decay both within the .building and during passage tíomwincí are accounted for as are the growth and decay of daughter products an«! the effects of physical separation such is filtration. A Fortran IV computer program "PLTTI'S" His been anritten for the purpose of solving the equations NSA : 22 : l^332. 303) Cowsor, X.3.; SnyW, 7.S.; McCnm-i.on,Ç.:\ ; Sträub,C.?.; K<)chtitzky,^.7., Rervin. 'yl.h.• Struxness,. E.'?.; Morton,. 51. j. SVILUITIIN •)?? ^OIYi'DN Í^OSiü TO MiN i?..-M laMOlWCLIDiSS IJ!L£ ISJLJ TO TíS CLIN(?Í >.ãWil. SSI-ÍIJ5-126.. p.605-19. Low—level contaninatw;' waste water, generated by tne operations at "i^NL, hns been released to the Clinch Kiver near Oak liidrje f>r the \J past SOyr un^er controls consistent with the recomen^ntioris of IC'ir> and NCrr. Evaluation of radiation exposure doses to populations domistrean,. on the basis of linç-teri -lonitoriug data and tíie identification ~>f critical exposure pathways and critical jopulaticn groups, has boon the objective of the Clinch liiver Studyu i&iowle<'f-e )f wnter utilization ''ownstrem indicates that ttie irportant avenues •?f exposure resulting fro*i discharge of radioactive fluids t"1 the Clinch Icivsr include: (l) consunption of contaninated water and fish, (2) consunption of agricultural produce that -iay be irrigated ?/ith river water, (3) exposure to contaninnted water and b>tton sediments during recreational and industrial use of the water, and (4) exposure to build-up of radionuclides in sludge and deposits in water systers utilizing river water. Ihe "ta.ior sources of exposure are currently the ingestion of contaminated water and fish. If irri^atiun is practiced in the future, it riay bee-vie the dominant exposure pathivay. NSA : 21 : Í6307. 304) Lister, B.A.J. EYK.LY .VäSESSiENT OP 'BE3 SEil-^ÍJSNBSS W LMG CONTL-ffiliTICON JT HJS0LD3LB lLT?I"i. VND LT't-ENEEffif ÍSTA if jrt \fter inhalation iff- and hif^i eners»y β-enitting «mterials, the lung content can Tis--seasured by direct ia vivo counting "lethods. For "nterials with less penetra tin/; radiatim this approach is not possible (except perhaps to contat - 113 - fro-!, sone relevant inhalation incidents illustrate the paints nade. NSA : 23 : 1417T. 30o) San^ersj C.L.Jr.; Thcipson, :-.C.; Bair, "f.J. LUNG CANCEL: ulSß .ffiS^ONáS 3TID1SS -HEI lukJJDNUCLlJiSá. COHF-69IOOI, pp 285-305. The induction of julnonary carcinogenesis after deposition of radioactive particles depends on the mount and Ustri'iuti >n of radiation close in the luna. Nonuniform irradiation of the lunp fron radioactive particles is nore carcinogenic than external irradiation. Similarly, for deposited -particles, alpha irradiation is nore carcinogenic fron beta', irradiation. Point-source radioactive inplants produce a hi.th incidence of lung cancer. The dosos required for a substantial tunor incidence are very high, when measured in proximity to the radioactive 7articlo(a). A nodel is derived that purports to estimate the carcinogenic risk associated with the inhalation of variously sized and activated particles fron uraniuM-fuela-* reactors. Although the nodel establishes no threshold dose for carcinogenesis, it does provide an estimate of potential lun;j cancers that nay result fron deposition of single, large, radioactive particles. NS1 : 24 : 27674. 306) Shleien, 1. AN HV.lLU\TIO!i W INKiElNU. .I'lDLlTUN 3X? )SlE.iE JllSi) m "^SB CWITM23NTS ?riOM l/iDIiNUCLI^ES IN 'ULK, F'KID, m~) AL.-. health :-hys.; 13: 207-75. Mar.1070. The public health ri'Aications associated with intake of radionuclides fro-i the anviron-ient by hu-ians can best be evaluated in terns of > internal radiation dose conrit'ients to a population fro-i ingestion and/or inhalation of radionuclides found in :iilk, food, and air. The significance of radiation exposures nay then he assessed in the context of established, 'guidelines and hy comparison to djses froa naturnl • radioactivity over long pei'iods of tine. A T>relininaiy attenpt was nai'e to -jrovide a 'Toans of evalunti-»n of internal radiation exposure applicable to results obtained froi existing surveillaaoe networks. 33sed on surveillance data obtained at the North-eastern Mealth Laboratory the dose connitnent ("iren per 50-yr) fron delivered to bone rhirinp; t?te yeriod 1061-1968 is estimated to l:e 502 uren for an adult. The dose connitnent fron ?u in air to He respiratory lynph nodes is estimated to be 160 nren. the ndxi»~u;i dose coniiinent to the infant thyroid accrue 1 in .any. lyr fron ingestion of 131-I in >iilk is Oíí nren. Tho naxinun fraction according to tiie Federal lia-Hation Council's liadintioa .T>rotection Guide encountered 131 during the study was 17.8$ due to l in nilk. The /rreatest dose connit"»ht, that fron 30Sr to bone, is ostinated to be approxirately 10ft. of the dose fron natural radiation during the 3aDe period. NSA : 24 : 34340. ; - 114 - 307) Spançler, G.T ; ™illis, Cl. ?.ir!ISSIlLli; CDMP.\ HN'-.TION LIMITS. C0NF-Ô55. p-) 151-1. The establishment of permissible contanination linits (J'CJL), presents a practical approach to control of radioactive contamination haz-ir-'s. External i'ose rate determinations are given for gan^a» beta, an"5 alpha contaminants. Internal 'lose determinations rtrr; r^iven for inhaled radioactive materials, since this ie the ^rimary route of entry into the body fron contaninated surfaces. It was conclude^ th«.t sur?aco contamination hazards are not comoletaly controlled by the established naximun pemissih.le dose and mximum permissible concentrations; values for i?CL based on ? conservative assessment of potential inhalation and direct radiation hazard are sufficient to protect other surface contanina- tiv.i hazards; an'i current ^•>t:.i ap->ear insufficient for the establish- ment of specific yCL values for each individual isotope. N3À : 22 : 23544. 300) Start, O.E. ; Markee, 3.IT. JiELlTIVS D")SB FlCT)i:S Fil'I DNG-^JliIlü POINT SOÜiiCIS OP VT"!.3S:"H2iaC :?0LLUTUMT3. \3CL-27H7, nn 5^-76. 1 new technicuo for estimating air pollution exposures which result fro-n lonsf-ijeri od effluent releases is described. \ continuoMS »oint source releasß is ap->rodnately by sequential instantaneous _x>int source releases. The total effluent exposure effect of the release is 'leter-iinert fro-i tho sunned total integrated concentration (units-hr/'i ). Ti>.e new nethod is particularly useful for calculating relative doae factors in regions in ivhich the winds un^er^o a narked diurnal NS\ : 22 : 40224. 300) Tanplin, \.'.l. ESTI'lVTION )F THE TO B.Í0M TJÍE OF Ji V;?U\TIC SCOSySTiTI -I'Pt ^ California Univ., Livenore, pp 75-04. \ "lethod is de a cri bed for estinating the "iaxi>*nm internal dose t?iat coul^ result froin the radionuclides released to an aquatic environment. 'ritSi this analysis, the nuclides that could contribute Tiost to the internal d-»s»? can be identified and the contribution of each nuclide to the total dose can be deter-iined. The calculations required to estinate the "laxi^ua dose to an infant's bone after the construction <">f sea-level canal are presented to illustrate the overall contd. - 115 - The results serve t'-.e basic aris of preshot radiation safaty analysis and of guidance for postshot documentatio a. The usefulness of the analysis in providing guidance for device design is further pointed out. NS\ : 24 : 9S27. 310) Van Horn, XWÚ A5.À3CTS OF r \D-632211, USNRDL-TRC-5, 1906, 153 n The four peripheral counter'easuros studies, postattack evacuation, applied shielding, dose equalization (including group shielding), ar.d exposure scheduling, can be used by the local civil defense organization to provide a significant de-rree of control over radiation exposure during the early postattack period, resulting in the reduction of òose to personnel and/or the tine of emergence froi shelter. Operational constraints on the iraplenentation of peripheral counteneasures can be lessened by a united preattack planning effort on the part of the! local civil defense organization. Sac'i planning includes recognition of postattack demands for peripheral countemeasures ami the probable res ionse capability . ?os t.ffifcäiadk inpl enentati on of peripheral counte measures, although optimized by preattnck planning, can be accomplished using planning aids and procedures, developed in the report, which pernit the rapid evaluation of available inputs. These »ids e^ipVisize predicting dose (both accumulated dose find equivalent residual dose) for conplex radiological environnents. Response ti'ie, which is NSA : 20 : 41177. 311) Vohra, X.G.; Hair, '.V.N. \ K^ V^'riP\CT[ TO Tlii lliiOUCTION OP INULL-CWN JOSü IN '/OIliQHG AMAS USING "DBIL"^ 3IECTÜ0STATIC HiECI?IT\TIONa n Atonic Research Centre, Bombay, 1068, p~> 1569-7.1. A. systeri for the rapid continuous i'er.ontaninatin of air '•"is been investigated for reducing the inhalation dose in working areas where continuous snail releases of radioactive contaminants in the sir are unavoidable due to the nature of the operations involved. Continuous replacement of conditioned air used in such arene r/ith the atmospheric air is genenlly not feasible due to large differences between the contd..... - 116 - temperature of the conditioned air am* the atnospheric air. Consequently recirculation has to be employed. The systen i'escribad in this parser is based on a mobile electrostatic precipitator which can renovo the particulate matter fron the air down to the submicron size range at largo flow rates4 A description of the electrostatic precipitai»!* used for continuous decontamination of the air, r>nd studies carried out with the system in a t>st room and in -typical working areas are -presented* NS\ : 23 : 14206. IX .ENVnWNMSNT. Ullcofe-, O.C. ; Simon, "Í. R\DIVnON ii\Ei."::.'>S IN THE ALTITUDE OF SUPERSONIC TR-\N3?3ET FLPi-'T. (In Gorman). (197^). v. 16(3) ? 186-195. I11 the altitude oJ supersonic transport flights the radiation doses caused by cosmic riUatioi will be about 500 tine higher than that near sea levol. In addition to the heavy primaries which have to be regarded separately, the galactic component yields .a not varying constant total dose. The contribution by the solar flares can be r.oted tor the most ;rirt by a ßeneril increase of the total dose whereas by the rn.ro extreme events the crew has to be warne-i by forecast before start or has to descend into deeper atnospheric layers during the flight.. All components are estimated and rt with permissible linits. 313) ^lihcoe, C; Bolvir-n, V.R. 1 T1 0 I STOM ENVIFtOKOT iL SiWUCJSS IN NíiV.iüi 30VINE KIKiOIJ ÍLMIÚS jJt 1968. Environ, Sei. Techno1., "lay 1970, v 4 p. 425-429. Bovine thyroid iodine-131 concentrations respond rapilly and markedly to releases of fresh fission products to the biosphere. Between 1981 and 1908, distant, isolated releases of fission products and accidental releases from underground detonations as well as distant and near series of atmospheric nuclear detonations weve noted. Since sampling occurred biannually, other increases may have occurred which were not noted« 314) Boettgar, P.; Schatz, A. T"E IUDI0L0GIC\L POS'OTATION SXPJalHB! IN THE ENVIRONMENT OF NUCLEI:.! PO'VSl PLANTS. (In German). BBC-Nachr. (li>70), v. 52(8/9) p.250-253. contd. •4 i Tladioactive bea^s c-sn produce in the nan acv.te sickness (at very hi;.^i doses) anf1 soiitic and genetic injuries.. No daiage *s -° be expected at very low ^oses for large population groups. One has to consider the natural radiation background. A nuclear power reactor represents a hazardous source because of its fission products. The activity release into the environment can IJO kept low during normal operation and in the case of disturbances so that there exist r«-> hazard to the population. This is do-ionstrat * for a \GR type reactor. 315) Bravo, S.JS. 3X?EiiriSÍJT3 'Sf THE ' Tho installation of the Mexican National Nuclear Ener.'jy Corenissioa have to deal with the joroblen of environnental contaninatiim caused by dust and aerosols suspended in the air and originating nainly with such uraniun-bearing ores as tyuyamunite, carnotite, botafiio. technicai-grnde sodium uranate, ari^oniuin uranate contíentratG,iira ii".'.r totrafluoride r.nd uranixin dioxide. To prevent environnental contamination by these radioactiv« materials, the Coti-dssion lias experin*mted with three different Bysteias, hased on the principio of extracting the »-hist fron the environnent, passing it through a cyclone systen, separating the particles of larger size and control'', the snail particles ov aerosols by neans of filtration» dilution in liquid columns an-1 dilution in liquid curtains. On the basis of the results obtained, plans have been Made for supple-tenting the systens with and adsorption colunn an' an ion exchange column, depending on the specific roquir«n.ents of each laboratory. NS\ : 23 : 29137. 316) Busch, D.D. THE NITÜEK OF C0Nffi3NS\3LH FISSION HLODUCTS IN AN HTGR jSSiVTRÖfT-liüHT. CONF-660520. :Lay 1066, pp 103-16. \ diffusion-tube technique was used to determine the diffusion coefficients and partial pressures of fission products present in a simulate:' high-tenperature gas-cooled reactor environnent. Th« experi-,ents -«'ere conducted in the General Atomic in-pile Loop. Diffusion coefficients for iodine and cesiun were generally deter»J:i" to !>.o in the range 0.3 to 0.1 cn2s -1, depending on the tenyeraturti. Diffusion coefficients of this magnitude, in helium at 350 psia, indicated thfit iodine anô cesium were transported in the coolant i:i "tonatomic forn. Bariun-140 was found to have been transported as it:- precursor, 1/t0Xe. Partial pressures were calculated fron the total contd.- - 129 - - 118 - mount of each fission product deposited in the diffusion tubes. They varied little during the irradiation of the GLIL IV element. Partial pressures n-ere approximately 2 x 10~i5atn and approximateIv lá 6 x 10~ atn for "Ij an^ I37QS> resoectively, depending upon the position in the loop at Elicit the leasureients v/ere Tv^e. The 14 partial pressure of ^'^Xe, calculated fron 0ßa data to be approximately 2 x 10 16 ato, v;as essentially constant throughout the loop. The experiments provided information of vilue in determining the way in "which surfaces are contaminated and the components likely to require decontamination in an TfGLl systen. 32Í "1th this type of knowledge, it should be possible to chooso nore effective reagents and to design "lore efficient decontanination sys te'is. NSs. : 21 : 43428. 317) Daw, 'I.?, ASMCY 3T\NDffi)S \iil) C0733 0? ZI.CTICB IliSLEV.'iiiT To ^l C0NTV1NVTIX-Í •)? i PÜ3IIC International Atonic 3ner,?y \gency, Vienna, pp 221-'). 321 The Agency standards and cod NS\ : 24 : 7913. 322 318) Dutton, J.^.n. GROSS -33T\ COUNTING OF ?MVI3.0N-eííTiL .VÍITEE1ALS. ERL-3. Oct.1968, 13 p. TITO nethods for measuring the beta activity in environmental sample" vre described and evaluated. The infinite depth tedioique eiploys c siiiple source r?esi(rned to appear of infinite depth, in tnr*".s of bs-t^. enission, to on en:i-window G-'f detector. The- thin source technique uses an end-window proportional counter. A potassium chloride standard is used. Sample preparation tediniques are described. NS\ : 23 : 21S36. 323 31Í>) 5NVIJION"1ENTIL CONT V SN1TI0N 33T ;,: UíIOACTlVB SU3ST,iNCBS. 7^-17555. D3C.1967, 24 p. \ nationwitíe surveillance to measure the levc's of radioactive contd.. _ 1 *r> _ - 119 - contamination of air, water, and food is needed. Kie findings of Environmental Radiation Exposure Advisory Conraittee are presented regarding current sources of contamination, ind amounts of contamination li?tely to occur in theffuture resulting from the use of atomic energy. Guidelines are enumerated. The characteristics of 10 radionuclides are summarized. NS1, : 22 : 45184. 320) "3NvT30ÍPf2NT\L HV31 UCTIVTTY U© .-luJLlTION 3ÜÍÍDEN. Shird Quarterly Report, 66. 1966, 218 p. The content of the radioactive materials in air, water, soil, and food materials and the radiation burden of the population in the German Federal Republic measured during the third quarter of 1966 are reporte' in graphic and tabular form. NS-i. : 21 : 28506. 321) ENVIRON Ü2NTAL illDIOlCTIVITiT AND ;:U)I\TI0N 3K.Í3EN. Fourth Quarterly Report, 66. 1967, 107 p. The content of the radioactive materials in air, water, soil, and food materials and the radiation burden of the population in the German Federal Republic measured during the fourth quarter of 1966 are reported in graphic and tabular fom. NS* : 21 : 28505. 322) HWI30FÍENTIL lilDIOACriVXTiT IN tßi.i Z3OAND iND ••EiSÜTJiíüiTS ON SVPU33 „^lOM FIJI MUD :iU0T0NG\. Quarterly Beport. H\SL-217, pp III.2-13. Hesults of routine monitoring of fallout in New Zealand «during the first quarter of l^68 are presented. The totalß activitv in samples of atmosphere,- rain, and miPi and the content of Cs atmpe, rain, an90d miPi and t in milk, 8^ j i -nr-^tor, and 90Sr in milk and rain water were measured. n ra n NS\ : 24 : 44457. 323) SNvr:ONMSNTiL S'lDIOvCTIVnY IN N2Tr Z3.\HND. garterly Beport, uTanuary-March 1966. NP-16270, NÖL-F-20, National ladiation Lab., Christchurch, 24 p. contd... -•120 - In September 1957 the Department of Health was charged under a cabinet directive, with the responsibility for the monitoring of environmental radioactive contanination in New Zealand and the Pacific areas -?ith which it is associated.. Subsequently the network of collecting stations has been established to provide the necessary samples of air, water, soil and nilk. The collections and measurements are being made on a routine basis ana the results are published in the present series of Quarterly Reports, i.e.; "7allout in New Zealand," DXRL-F1 to F9 and NHL-F10 onwards. The selection of rainwater collecting stations was based on the requirement that an adequate geographical coverage of the country must be nade, taking account of natural features, such as mountain ranges which, particularly in the South Island, account for the extremes in rainfall. Furthermore, nroximity of rainwnter collecting sites to milk producing areas is desirable, so that comparisions between levels of contamination in rain and milk can be jnade. The selection of riilk producing areeis v/as based not only on geographical coverage and routine ivailability of samples, but also on population distribution, so tb/\t the average result of all stations would be represnetative of the contamination in the average New Zealand, diet. NS.i : 20 : 40521. 324) Sssig, T.H.; Soldat, J.X. EVlLUlTIfT-J OF JUOIOLOGICIL CONDITIONS IN THE VICINITY OF HiNTOSD FOIi 1966. 3N"1i~J3Q, June 1967, 40'p. Surveys of the Hanford environment in 1966 showed that both the concentrations of radioactive materials in the vicinity and the environmental radiation doses were within appropriate limits. The major source of lo'P-level wastes released to the environment, fron líanfdrd plants was reactor cooling '.rater, which was discharged to the Columbia Siver-. Appropriate radiation dose standards for individuals and population groups in uncontrolled areas are presented. NS1 : 21 : 36563. 325) Gigna, I.\. SOME 1SPECTS OF. SNyntONTEOTAL FADIOACTIVIIY HESJ\RCJI. \rh. Hig. Bada Toksikol.; 20: 25-38, 1969. The differences between the situation before and after the Moratorium of nuclear tests in 1962 are analyzed. Such differences led to different aporoaches to the problem of radioactive environmental contamination. The representativaty of the measurements is discussed from the point of view of both the tine and the site of sampling. The contribution of the ecological research in "the fiald of radiation protection is discussed. The reference levels of radioactive contd..... -121 - contamination in the it^ns of tho food-chain can be determined taking into account both the concentration processes involved and the specific activity. The advantages of the different approaches are reported and discussed. NS\ : 24 : 46504. 326) Carotinskyi, S.M.; fibcherhakov, V.L. \N INSULATING SUIT '11SÍ -Mi líOlVIDUiL SY3TÍPÍ FOIl ;WG3N:J:ATING TfíE T r BSo?IIí\TI-.? HIXTUR3 ?0,l 0HK VNDJR CONDITIONS OF d i >I0 tCTIVS CINTA'ÜN\TI0N ">F m.l 2ÍVBWNÍIJ3NT.. (in Russian). Gig. Snnit.., No;5, 43-6, May 1967. \n isolating costune provided *rith a device for regenerating the respiration nixture is used in case of cont-vnination of the environnent with radioactive substances and idien the use of an insulating auit provided with -\ ho^e.is impossible. In this suit all the space under the coating servos as a breathing bag; the excess of heat is absorbed by a cotton overalls, sluiced with cold water; the costune itself is nade of a light fabric that is easily deactivated. It weif»hs about 7 kg. It is an effective Tirotection against aerosols and jjases {Od.0%). T?ie length .of continuous work in this set amounts to about 2 lirs. NSi : 21 : 39428.. 327) Heffter, J,L. 'OIL PILLOUT ^ T3CTNT)UäS. lRLV-251-11., Hay 1969, 47 p. •\ nanual prediction technique is presented for conputing a fallout pattern for a single nuclear surface or airburst. The technique is bused on the concept of radioactive particles that fall fror? a stabilized nuclear clou^., are transported by the winds, and finally deposit over an -ires on the ground, thus forning a fallout pattern. The co-jputaticm of a fallout pattern is described in detail. N3\ : 24 : 44117, 328) Herbst, W, ; ]l:li)10\CTIVE COKT SmiiTI.M W T& üWVIIiuNi-lßNT OF .*iii. (in Jenan). Vitalstoffe Zivilisationskran!di.,7: 255-60, Dec.1962. Events related to the current status of radioactive eontanination of -nan's environ-ient aro reviewed, and their biological consequences are critically examined. H«iquirenents for additional study of biological effects of raOiation u.-on nan and.his environneni are contd. T 122 - briefly surveyed. The role of naturally occurring radioactivity "and irradiation in the alpine foothills is evaluated. Irradiation fro'i niturally incorporate--1 radioisotopes, such as Ha, Hi, *^C, and ^ Ti anounts to 145 (vnounts to 145 nil/yr, with a range of ,-.-' +_ 25)í, for '.vholc-body exposure. For bone it is 200 riR/yr, for bone narrow 165 nll/yr and f.er lungs 340 «nfe/yr, find it is 330 nt/yr for bone am' bone narrow, and -lore than 1000 nli/yr for lung. •M though there are values of naxinun ijermissible concentrations for air, water, anJ nersonal exposure to irradiation, none has been established for foodstuffs. The levels of radioactive contanination of foodstuffs uso-1 for aninal fodder and in hunan nutrition are reviewe*1 aaâ -'iscussei. Values of ^ Sr in various grains and vegetables, in nilk, and in bones of small children -ire estimted. 5 The distribution of 137çs ±n food-stuffs is briefly discusset . The possible significance of incorporate'' radioisotopes is discusser1 i,nd the possibility of increased lethal effect» in the avont of atonic warfare is briefly evaluated. WS1 : 21 : 16362. 320) Izrael, U.d.; ?etrov,V.N.; ?ressnan,A.A.; Rovinsky,?.."*.; Stukin.S.D.; Ter-Saakov, \. V, CONTI"O:N\TION O? TJIB ÜNVIÍÍON-ÍENT 3? ÜSD.1IÍ£ÍJUII:O NUCIEIR ^EXPLOSIONS, AND "ETHODS OF ?0.-SG\STING IT, MOSCO"1/. \EC-tr-7122. 1963, 65 p. Tiie general pattern of an underfjround nucleir explosion, the zones of radioactive contanination, an«J the factors detsr-iining the contamination are discussed. The criteria of the radioactive cloud, the fallout pattern, the throwout in the crater area, and the secondary migration of the products are given. Certain data on Soviet underground nuclear explosion 1003 are given. Sone nethods of forecasting the contamination of an area are listed. NS\ : 24 r 19f)03. 330) Kathren, R.L. TO"J\liDS INT;T.íX'í 1CGEPTA3LE SüiiElCE CONTAI íIWiTION LEVELS FJit ENVDiúíniiNTAL l^103. C0NF_680í>07-, pp 460-70. The physical and biological factors pertinent to the establishment of acceptable surface contamination levels for environmental ?u0g are exanined. A brief analysis of the surface contanination hazard fron a serious accident involving the release of ÚO'Pa is presented. 4 bibliography of forty-nine references is included. NSA : 23 : 20202. - 123 - 331) Kawano, M.; Ikebe, Y.; Nakashima, Y.; Naknyama, T.; Shino, "4. SO-© PROPERTIES 0? IONIZING ^iDIATIONS AlH .LiDIOACTIVS IONJ IN Tli NVTIIIJÜ SN Nagoya Univ., Japan. Me"!.Fac.3nß. ,Nagoya Univ. ,21: 250-72, Nov.lí)69. Results are rçiven of measurements of ionization intensities duo to the beta an«} ßaT'a radiatians near the -jround from 1963 through 1969. The influence of fallout radioactivity deposited on the ground surface was studied from the view point of atmospheric ionization. The beta radiation from tho fa]lout radioactive nuclides deposited on the ground surface decreased .greatly during the last 6 years and recently, n newly designed ionization chamber nade of plastic plates was used for measuring the beta radiation. The ionization intensity due to the gamma radiation did not change as nach as tint due to the beta radiation during the same period. NS1 : 24 : 36416. 332) 3aye, S.V.; Nelson, O.J. ;\N\LYSIS OF SPECIFIC-ICTIVTTY CONCEPT AS id TO ZWL CONCSNTillTIiVNS OF SOIONUCLIDES. Nucl. Safety, «: 53-8, Feb.1068. The sijecific-DCtivity technique is reviewed and evaluated for estimating potential hazards to man from consuming food or water derived from radioactivity-contaninated aquatic environ lents. Pertinent literature on past applications of this technique, is discussed, and the findings are interpreted. \ specific-activity nodel proposed by the National lcademy of Sciences-National Research Council is evaluated '-/ith an analysis of the time-dependent parameters (biological half-tine, physical half-life, and biological çrowtr) to determine the sensitivity of the calculated maximum allowable specific activity of radioactivity in the aquatic environment to changes in the parameters. In all cases the «jui^ance given by the specific- activity approach is conservative. The mi.ior restrict?'.on on application of the specific—activity models appears to be incoiplate nixing and differing biological availability between the radioisotope anc1 the stable—isotope analog. NSl : 22 : 10750. 333) TTn N. innual TTD-23^67, New Yort Univ,N.Y. Graduate School of Arts and Science. July 1059, 62 p. i technique was developed for the accurate Treasureient of environmental radiation. The technique involves operation of a standard ion chamber under conditions t^at suppress the ionization ''ue to local alpha contamination and yet yield results that are readily interpreted in contd - 124 - terns of ^osi-tetric significance. Effectiveness of the technique as ap^lie^ to the l^r^o cylindrical chamber was confined by «letailert reco-ibinati ->n stu^iss usin^ a S'i?.ll parallel-plate chamber, in ••vhicti the re combination of ions produced separately ^y alphas an'l betas were investigated in various gases. Status of the olori vtric stu^y of the aierfçy equivalent of the roentgen is NSV : 21 334) Mellanby, X. -..y.-J POLLUTION. 1«67, 5>31 p. T^.is book contains a section on radiation pollution of the environment. NS\ : 21 : 41431. 335) Merten, D. X-.ilS OF C:)NTVfl'i\TION B^ ril)I STI-?Tr?-226, GOiJF-600317, International U-riic tàurgy Vienna, nöO, pp 477-85. The present—r> ay si tuition is discus ao«' v/it'i re gird to reliability af naalysis of biolo/âc.i.] TI te rials for radionuclide content, v/hich contanination results fron the c*is-jersal. of radioactive T> tori .als into "uan's environment. Inter-laboritory conparisons on analysis of a mnbar n/f raHiouucli-''es in tho biolo-rical "latyrials of particular si>^ificance to public health and a,^ricultur?il interests arc riescribeti. Factors that contribute to the unreliability found in sone instances aro rliscusseii and "xeans by which the situation could by improved overall ary put forward. NSA : 21 : 7785. 336) Miller, C^.; LaRiviere,?.D. IN^'WUCTIIIN TO LONG-TSL'i UOMGICIL SFFSCTS OF NUCiSil r/Jl. NP-164e2, Stanford Research Inst, Menlo Park, Calif, Apr.1966, 156 p. The st vte of lai'»wleg1iie anr< concepts about the reaction of biologicrl syste-s to effects *t nuclear woapons under nuc.ear war conditions, about the likely extent of dviftge to agricultural and Aiild-life eco- systens unrier nuclear r/ar conditions, and about the factors involved in the lonfr-ter-n recovery potential of these systeis after dnnage rre contd. i - 125- su-nnirized. In the study, an attempt was nade to organize the available information for objective discussion of the subject, to outline the stnte of the art regarding capabilities to'"use the information ( as well-as its -availability), and to Take esti-ntes of radiological effects using the available ''ata nnd available (or new) computational -lethods. N31 : 21 : 20233. 337) Mi Irian, Y.; Tadnor, J. 1 H-iOGItU TO2 TH-2 •iVi.LULTIÜN OF :{AiLiIlD3 5SDM NsJCL/i úi r.wiCT \'*S. (in English). IA-1206. June Ir>70, 28 p. \ program for numerical calculation of enviro mental resulting fron an accident in .a nuclear reactor is described. Nuclear, meteorological and radiological subroutines are presented in detail, and n glossary of symbols, jrogran write-up and a. sample calculation are given. 338) MolHenhawer, F.; Bose, H.; Korsetz, 3. CONFSELSNCE OF T?ÍE >I«SI^\N-?Í}LISH .'OFJÍ GiiOlP Fi):i T.5D5 S'JLi 1 1 )F TTÍE .:ÍV)I0:Í.CTTV:5 CONTA, a>143 !ON OF TIU .•3N\1.í.)Ií 'tüNT, 3BLiLIK.(ln German). SZS-lO/70. ^Tay 1970., 46 p. Measurenents of artificial radioactivity in the atiosphere v:ere. reported for the year 1968 in the DDR .and were coni)ilert in three graphs and two tables. Also discussed were contamination levels in surface waters. The Elbe River vdth its tributaries was found to be th No A. : 24 : 46592. 330) Naba, Ti. ENviaON'.fiSNT'iL :,/Ü>I'iTION ãTÜD"ÍJÉS ALJD P.iläaiUTU^Uä' .ÍÍ.S.ÜÜR.ÍS ON THE, VJGH. \LTITUD>] C-.-Öx1IC :iiY3: FS33I0N ?iiOi)UCTo F.DM JíUCLül-ül DETONÍTION • . UO iBlCElFT' S^Ur?TiiaJT. 4. GMilt'lL C JNSriiiATiDNS, BIOMGItAL ürJ[\LU\TÍON, li© íy^CUJTlONAlíí • TE itíTjn,HS ON EÍ3 3II3JiiCT3 «)? AlfiCa\FT 3ÍÍVBÍ0N" r.w:\L : - .DIITION. (in Japanes•-). Keio Univ., Toliyo, Xeio IgaJm, 46: 47-54, Jan. contd. - 126 - Total radiation exposure of Japanese pilots from cosmic rays, fission debris, anni radioactive selfluminous paints was estimated to he 610 to 866 nRem/060 hrs during the yeir for an altitude of 30,000 ft. Thw nost ii portant precautionary measures discussed concerning radiation safety aro protection against radioactive contamination for jet úlots and maintenance people. The surface conta-iination of iot aircraft for radioactive Just sα-iolinit reiche'' ov??r 10 JLCi/c-v* on t*e win.'; after 5th Rfld China nuclear detonatim. To ;?rot-?ct against potential radiation hazard, the aircraft tb-at ••eiv? contaminated over 10""* yjn/crr should he isolated in the radiation control area, and should be NSA : 2,3 : 41401. 340) OlsenyR. DESIGN ?IAN F0:i INVJSTIGLTINC- T.U'iJ .'Í.TM;:3?}ÍJS.VIC 3N-/IJXJN'E3ÍT .- 'IIGEI-ALTITÜDS NUCLE.UI T^STliííJ. \D-6885IJ, ECOíí-5244. Mar. 1069, 40 p. An experimental concept is described for investigating and neasur* n'g a/nunber of effects in an atmospheric environment associated with high-altitude nuclear tasting. Specifically, these effects include atmospheric temperature and pressure before and after detonation, thermal radiation, over-pressure, shock wave radius tiiao '?etermination and determination or approximation of the blast wind velocity caused by a nuclear explosion. The gr-. and equipment and pay load which have been test-certified for perfent :oe are described, and actual test night.iifflr'tification performance results are sunmariae-l. Improvements in overall systen capability and reliability of the payload design are described. NS\ : 24 : 20407. 341) Owen, "r.L.; Kanahara, P.K.; "Wiltshire ,L.L. RADIOLOGICAL .^ÜCL\'Í\TION ?SIl?O:í,i\NCE :3U'íiaH3r.yOL. I ?TIFOIIM\NCS TSST D\T\ CO'Ç?IL\TinN. USiCöL-T:l-067, let. 1965, 124 p. \ i«'eat f^eal of fallout reclamation-performance data has bean generated over the past decade that is useful to planners of radiological recovery operations. Because it was contained in a variety of reports -and documents prepared by different agencies, contd. •127 - this 'Material was neither convenient to Civil Defense planners nor was it always available in a comprehensible form. As a first step toward correcting tVie situation, this current volurie presents 3 tabular data compilation, sumnarizing the performance of land reclamation -Methods and equipment. The tabled entries were n;at!)ered fro^ 18 different experiments and fiell operations. They include those operational and onviron-iental factors 'cnrwn to influence reclamation effectiveness. 1 second volune will be devoter1 to thfi „«valuation and rt organization of the above compilation into a forn compatible with the pro—planning of. radiological recovery operations. (2'5 references). NS'. : 20 : 31454. 342) PnOC KOITUS 70!"; CONfSIDTiING >. WORM >.L .\3\CT)?, 13RVi;)il IN '.SITS EV\LU>V{T)N.. Nucl. Ear. Bull., 1-15 (D?C.1')63). ~*rocedures for estimating danarje to persons and oropprty in the environs of a reactor plant in the event of an accidental release of activity are presented, and rsquiro-ients for plant and site compatibility aro indicated, Tho general procedure is to deterrine the spaco-ti-ie concentration of radioactive naterials and the beta-fjama field strengths at the ti'-e of, and subsequent to, the accif'ent. Fron those the potential radiation exposure to individuals is determined, and conparod 'vith limiting criteria. Th« possibility of extensive contamination of Land, food, water, and industrial complexes fro i the standpoint of long rrm;;e in.-jury, loss of use, and disruption of the lives of rorifinal inhabitants is also considered. \ pro (»ran of onsite meteorologies! measurement is sudeste d in on appendix. NSl : 20 : 12333. 343) QUESTIONS \hl WS ULIS TO T1 C0T-!ITT3S FX-Í. IWF'lTllTION. PNE-G-48. 1Q6S), 80 p. Answers are given to 24 questions asked by the Colorado Committee for Environmental Information relating to the planned Rulison underaround nuclear explosion in Colorado. Included are details about the results of tl'o December 10, 1067 Gasbugiy such as the production and transnort of radioisotopes in that experiment, i.e., the contamination of the atmosphere, soil, and water in the explosion area. Also included are preshot geologic and hydrologic data obtained for the Pulison shot. KSA : 23 : 47663. - 126 - 314) Russell, S.S.; Loutit, J.F. 'a-UDMDH IN 'iJi'S }3ÍVI2:)N'Í3>'V. Medical Research Council radiobiological ilesearcu Unit, Harwell, ^5.; 1066, pp 3-26. The relativ« -si^iiitu^e of radiation doses fro:i virious artificial ind nn.tum.1 3turces is ^iscussci.. The -wjor part of the rarSiatioi; ; to which tho |1T«ÍTI«TÍÍ3. v >pulation '^s been, or will be, exposed in the foreseeable future is from natural sources. Internal contamination by radioactivity in fo.;rl stuffs accounts for uo to one-fourth of th« ''nso from natural sources in so-ie tissues. Genetically significant ^osee axceedin^ natural background foy ono-thir'l aro reported in countries using nodern nedic.t 1 dia^nostic techniouHS. The loninant "lin-nade source of environmental contaninativ)'i is r/orld-wiils fallout fro-i nuclear wenuons testing. Wiliest annual ''oaos to any ti\r>3 group 'were obtained fro i 131i ±n iilk. Tiie iveraíií! r3iso of this isotope over several years, was, however, only -i smll fraction of t' e natural background. The two : hiebest innuil rlosos to the copulation were froi ^"Sr and 137çs in that orrtor. Exposure froi '^C, as yet not sifpiificant because of the lon.n: half-lifo of'^C, will causo a .^reiter CUHUID tive «lose over Vr;ry fnany generations. The hifçhest recorded dose fron worldwide fallo\it was rocsived by Lapps an NS\ : 21 : 43404. 345) Sonnenblick, '3.~\ fíNVHlOlítGNTlL .'/ÜLiTIOríá I:'© 'M xVSLl-2 Ili-ILTÍI: IIT7LU3ÍC5J J7 LOV :>:)SE WVilS OP lOríIZINí) íiüJIVf ONá tft) ')F Ü01L, JED-, iJ.kíí-?ííL>ü AGENTS. J. Newark Beth Isriel v(os-)., 17: No.2, 83-03, Apr.1366. Data are su»narized fron 1 number of studies on the effects of low doses of ndiation (50 E or less in air) on nninils, plants, and -ri.croorganises. The relation of environmental levels of radiation to other factors affecting public health, such -as che-âcal air pollution the use of che-iical pesticides on food crops, and the use of drußs and chenicaTs on anrl -sithin parsons, are discussed. It is conclude'1 that n.x the present ti ie there is unbridled tampering with the environment of all living things and that vast ignorance exists as to specific tolerances and effects. The information froT all of the environmental sciences indicat-s the need for a Multiple approach in assuring a safe environment for nan. NSl : 21 : 30423. 346) Stead, F.r'\ GEOLOGIC C^NSIDS-UTXONS. NVO-40 (?-) cont'l. - 129 - The geologic an? hydrologic information needed to evaluate specific safety criteria established by the Uα u3C are reviev/ed. \s rie "ions trite d by the examples given, the geologic •aid hydro locic environment of eich proposed underground nuclear explosion must be dote mine d on rin individual basis fron nt-^epth information. "«Tio linitations on obtaining adequate geologic information at deaths such as 1 or 2 '-dies are primarily economic rather than technical. Given sufficient funds i'or doop-hole exploration, the environment of any propose^ site :>f in underground • nuclear explosion can be determined within a predetermined r.ccuracy. J*5\" : 23 : 45307. 347) Tajimu, 3. SOME ?il33Lttí3 IN SiWIlt'.WEiNT C1)1W. i JliilTDN. Nippon GenshiryoUu Gakkaishi, 8: 20V14. (lpr.l'JGG). Envirmnent.il contamination is classified as being due to industry cities (factors associated with the expansion of cities such as car exhausts), and governments. "ícvHition fron reactors comes under the category of industrial contamination v/hilu fallo-it cones uijr^er the third cate/ç-.>ry. Thf. contaliaation that can result from nuclear establishment differs from other type.? of contamination in t'\at the potential hnznrd ip very grant, the problem has-be?n realized from the earliest installations,. an-'1 the contaiinatipn Kis .a long lasting trait. There is considerable i'ifferenct» in"the way contamination due to reactors and to fallout is handled. is far as Japan is concerned, the latter source of contamination is considered not Remissible. The contamination irom nucle,ir plants cm be disseminated through the atmosphere, ;;round an;3 seas. The types of conta'lination as v/ell as the lnvels of e-yposure are discussed. One of the criteria for the selection of a. nuclear plant site is low population distribution. NSA. : 20 : 335R4. 343) Takizawa, Y. RADIO-EC .ILOGXCLL áTÜDIluS OF itlDIO-ACTI"VITY TU (in Japanese), . Niignta Univ., Japan., Nii.'jata I^akkai Zasshi, 82 : 565-8, Sept.1968. conditions of radioactive fallout an'' regional contanination of food and arink in Japan aro described. The stratospheric subotances have strong affinity to human body, and 9^Sr, accu-rulation of •which on the surface of the aarth surpassed 10 HCi, and C, which re'iains for a long tine .is the constituent of DNA, are. particularly inportant. The conditions of selective accumulation of nuclear substances by human intern;! organs, the effect of radioactive ftiant particles on tho human body, and troubles in lung and respiratory systen due to inhalation of "mi in utilizing of nuclear energy were described. The • contd. tV-iSaiOT4«-i«Un35^7^^^t3I3irXW.Tie-iT-ZEÇ-.TFãS5,J - 130 - total ban of nuclenr experiments -:.nd the necessity of counter- measures to Veep the harm to mrm at a ninimum were emphasized. NS; : 23 : 1413'i* 340) lUACING 3.7 C'"VST\L S.G >F ISNTO MJVECtfJT ;T CuJS CUiJ/iPAL. OüO-32í»8, Florida Univ.-, Gainesville, \ußil;170, 60 p. Sr»lir' particle transport by ocean wav^e and currents vrcs studied to evaluate the environmental hazards associated with the release of fission -jrofJucfcs fron a nuclear rocket flight operation, when such fall-Mit ia deposited on «in ocean surface. Tiiis study was confined; solely in 'jod-loa'? Titerial (saiu'.j tracing in the near shore zone O'/at»r depths to 33 ft). MS\ : 24 : 50471. 350) Voçt, 'C.J. ;• Jacobs, H. ;• bolster, G. RlDIOACTIvTT"/ IN IH3 £NI*J)N•O^ 0? THii NJCLjut JÜ3LIC/I DÜEIJíG TiK Y.C!i. 1968. (in Genan). JÖL-603-ST-, 'prr 7-84. liie enviroirient is «UvMe«! iato an inner circle v;it>i a radius ;>f one In around the nuclear center tint is occupied by professiaaol personnel; &n3 tho outer circle of a three Ic. radius that contains several settlements. Ilaf'ioftctivity is constantly -leasared in .nir, , v-'ater, soil, vegetables, nnrt mil'r. Dita-are fed into a radiation protection center that, in the case nf-incidents,.triggers a \f\vnivg system for the entfan;;ered population, ^e various techniques employed for gathering sn*-r>le s, preparation, and counting are diocusséd. It is concluded that the environmental radioactivity is essentially determined by remnants of former nuclear Teamoas tests., fallout from French and Chinese test explosions contributed to the activity. The nuclear center itself did not affect the radionuclide content of its environment. Data are documented by 31 tables and 23 figures. N'Sl : 24 : 36720. 35 351) UNXV33SITIES, NlTIONàL lABOEVT) HISS, 1ND iSvN'S ii äON 33iiT ?TáLO JULY 27-20, 1069, CHIC4G0, ILLINOIS. C3NF-6OO7O5. Nov.106^, 167 p. proceedings of a conference on the role of the national laboratories and .universities in the solution of environmental problems, held in Chicago, July 27 ti.20,196P, are presented. Papers were presented on social problems,« -HK! the interaction of problem solving agencies; standards for, and the control of, environmental quality; waste 4isposcl practices; radiation protection standards; research requirements; and automobiles and air pollution. NS\ : 24 : 2317. r 35?) " alker, S.L.; Fish," B.B. \D'f3SI0N OF FVLTICLUS TO SURFACES IN LIQUID 1ND GlSSOU-i CONF-650577-1, 1365, 6 TJ. \ summary of th« dependence upon particle radius of the various adhesive r>.nd renovai forces is ~>r'.?sented. On the basis of theory, if the particle size is reduced by a factor of 2 the capillary and Van der "'aàls forces als« will decrease by a factor of 2, while the electrostatic forces will decrease by a factor of 4. "le'ioval fircps rçenerilJy ''ucrense more n;>i«Uy 'vith particle size than rlo adhesive forces, consequently t>1.o s'-aller t'-e particles the nore difficult they ire to re™ovc. Mechanical contact techniques -iecr'-jase in efficiency loss rapidly vitb. particle size than do the otlier renova] 'jroeedures, hence is the lethod of choice where conditions pemit. Research nov under way is directed toward gaining nn unrlor- standing of the adhesive *m<* the renovai forcas involved in the cleaning of contaminated surfaces and in the prevention of recontanination. NSA : 20 : 33543. 353) , 3."'. HYD3QL0GIC CTíSIDELíiTIONS. NVO-40 (Lev.2) 61-7. lhe US Geological Survey conducts hyarolofjic studies in su jv>ort of underground nuclear tests to provido data on the occurrence , quality and f^uantiiy of ground and surface waters ivhich liííht be affected by the testing. In ^d^ition to supplying safety information to assure the niiNlic that r'v'io-ictive contamination of witcr resources is restricted to a known area and th-it adequate water supplies will be available"?allowing the nuclear tests, t^ose scudies provide hydraulic engineering infomation useful to the construction phase of the nuclear test progran. Methods of collecting and evaluating hydrologic information at Nevada +ost sites are discussed. NS\ : 23 : 45308. 354) '"oodwell, G.f. EFFECTS -W POLLUTION ON THE STläJCTOBS AN-3 i*IYäIOIy:iGY OF 3C0SY8T>i).iS. SCI3NG:Ü. Apr.1070, v 1«8 p. 429-433. A brief review is presented of changes in the structure an** function of ecosystems resulting fron the accunulation of various toxic substances in the biosphere. The. significance of pollution in the food chain is discuesed and it is emphasized that toxic substances, chiefly radioisotopes, that are mutagenic are of greater hazard to nan than to other orßanisns. \ controlled experiment on the contd. - 152 - ecological effects of radiation i?ns conducted it 3roo'«hnven National Laboratory.„_\n oak-pine fjrest was exposed to chronic irradiation fron a Cs source for six rionths. The effect was a systematic dissection of the forest. Tre-js werj eliminated at low exposures, then the teller shrubs, then the herb's, and finally the lichens and losses. \nother experiment on chrcnic irradiation of ?>erb co-nunities. in old fields showed that the Uerb field Tas nore resistant to radiation tVin the forest. The sinilarity of radiation damge to t!;at of fire in forest is discussed. It is pointed out that the species surviving high radiation-exposure rates are the ones cory* X. FOOD & POOD CHAIN. 355) 3ell, M.C.; Colo, C.V. VTILNSäYBILITY O"'"1 POO!') C.IOJ? -INk) LIVESTOCK '^ O F..LLÜUT RIDIVHON. Final Report. TI.a-2i450. Sept. 1967, 34 p. The effects of radiation on food crops and livestock were reviewed and the radiation of these effects to the vulnerability of food production to fallout radiation v/as assessed and discussed. It was concluded that TUCIJ i»re dati were needed on the effects of the state of growth on the ß- and V-radiosensitivity of. priiicijj. food crops; the retention of fallout by plants and ininals; the sensitivity of the gastrointestinal tracts of grazing livestock to fallout radiation, and fbe effects of radiation ou cattle. USA : 22 : 38263. 356) Merger, G. mOL'330'ENSSS STUDIES I^jLiTI^ EÍÍUÍDLÍTÍSD STuiOiiY i?^,ú AND SÜGÜÍS (in French). CE\-BI3-178. 'lar.1070, 35 p. 357) Boulen^er, K. ETUDE D'UN líST.tlT.nSNT POiiTlTI? 'A>IL2 Li lESUIcS D3 Lv. CON^ R\DI0-.\CTIV5 :X53 ALTÍ3NTS. (in Irench). J$R-3265.i. June 1967, 84 p. The characteristics of a prototype of an -•»'•xaratus for detecting r-idinactive contamination in foodstuffs after a nuclear accident, the contamination ^eing assumed to ^β fairly extensive, are described. A critical analysis of different types of ;w8siT)le accidents and the isotopic cont>ositi-*n of the nixtures of ra« ionuclides contd. - 153 - li'cely to if feet foodstuffs was conducted» Gui'le levels were then presented for th>3 ridioactive lonta-iinati.m of foodstuffs. The n»?-or:"tus consists of ?. se-iijJortaMe transistorize.1 Measuinf» unit an'' W scintillation probe. The probe is eacloser' in a stainless steel leaktifjht tube, thjjs facilitating cleaning ant1 lecontK-"inition if necessary. T-ie detector is of }*ißh sensitivity, I:T^ the leasurf-cnts ire si tpiifl erf hy -icans of i sin^le-chanrel syst-vn. Tim: exioriients carried out have ---»voved the practical utility in'1 efficiency of this instrument. USA : 21 : 31131. 358/ Br.irty, N.C. Til o>1 -)U> 7:-I.XiO^Ci C)I>1F-661?>71, 472 n. •thirty -irticJes 7'ere pres ntiH at tho syiposiui on agritural aa* air qu-ility(lO), -viricultur« iir1 'rater qualitj' (lO), soil pollution in agriculture (5), an-1 hu rin r^r1 ani -.il v.astas (oj. Separate abstracts were preparo*' for three: it«'is concernoi with ra^ioisotor«; contamination of soils, slants, an* ani-vtls. 23 359^ Co-iar, CL. '?Ü.Y F^ TLLU-.'i'I-..";! OF itv.310 JF TBS ?0-ÍO CVIxIN. >.roi»ress Ivcyort, January 1, l.iSß-tTune 30,lOB-"). Sixteen separate abstracts were prepared for inclusion in Hal. Two a'IHitionnl studies ire presented: the calciun-^inàin.r protein (tr-uisc-ilcin) anrl al'talino eirth absorption; an4 glycol iiethncrylate as an e^iedrUnir leUu-i for li^ht nicroscopy. NSA. 2543. 360) Coulon, R. ONC-Í?TLÍ*Í Ü*l -ÍIÍVLIZATIJÍ: ^? CON\f:a>L OF ZSJDIOXC^TKZ S.)LLúTl&- JF T-^ 703D C^UN. (In French). l^eS, pT 1035-3. Tho efforts *vere concentrated on -ilk, cereals, fruits, and lejrumes, 'nit it vis extim'ed to other products such as ne^t an'"1 fish. The control is hr.se-'l on a rational snnnling of foods at the production sta<çe; this aanplinn; follov/s a localization which allows the sunenosition of tbi results froi the ncasureients nale at the lavel ef th«i at-iosyihere, fallout, anH different ani nil or v^getaMe producti; contd. - 134 - These results can be interpreted is a function of the local cli'-sitic, nedological, agronomic, and zootcchnioal characteristics. MSA : 23 : 14176. 3ßl) DVT.l. SECTION I. 'OIL': INO FJJD •Ivttol. T!oalth ">ata :ie;>., "ay 11 ->. 237-250. V^encics throu-rVont t>>e "'astern Henispher? t^ it report on tb.3 content of fallout radioisotopes in ".ilk were surveyed for information on analytical 'leihodolories, sa-ipling and analysis frequencies, nni estimated, analytical errors associated with the •^ata. It is ;jointe'? out that nil1' can be use«? as the indicator foo' for routine environ-ient?.l fallout surveillance. \ surnary of tha radiation protection guides provided by the Federal r.lv'intion Council for sx'cific environ^entrl n 'iation exposure in 3 included, ^»ata are inclui?- on tha content of l^Cs, 131^ aJK| ^3r in «niPi sa-iplos colUfctöd throu;^hout the US-., Canada, Central Ibérica, and South Vi>?rica during 106Í» and January 1970, va are also included on the contont of 137Cs, 226l->i, 89Sr, o.nd in -i representative diet in California during the last quarter of 1003 and tbe first quarter of 362) Oiehl, J.?. C0-Í3IN33 "3F15CTS OF N, Sr_n.)i;».T/3, -úfi) -W T.üä Inst.of ria^iation Tech.federal 'lrsearch Csnter for Food "•'reservation, Karlsruhe, Oer., *'ood Irra='iat.; 10: 2-7, Jul-Bec.1069. Experi'ienta in which vita™iin " and li* were detenined, i,i a nu'i?)er of foids before ,a:id after irr.-'diation, after storage far periods of ur> ti 8 months, and after cooking and baking are described. The vitanin losses caused" by the co-ibined effects of radiation, storn^e, and heat ^ere ?iir;her than would he expected if the effects of. the individual treatments were si-np\y additive. "'HxperiTents 'irith sunflower oil to u-hich vita -in 3 -rras af?ded after irradiation show that a vitaiin ^! ^estroyinfT factor is present in the irradiated oil. "Veli'-iin-ary evidence si\!i.Te'sts t'iat the production of this factor is favored by the ?>resene*5 of oxygen but not completely inhibit«'.' by its absence. The stability of the factor was not -»r little influence!' by the presence of water; in contrast to the vitnnin S-destroyin:- property of heated oils, the radiation induced factor disappeored within 20 ^ays of storage of the irradiated oil in the presence of air. NSA : 24 : 2?>714. 363) ^ric, B.; lie Co-rrte, J.; Keeve, i.'.F. •'/E3TISN lUS'FALI-,. Technol.lust.,Jun.1970, v. 22(ö) p 298-300. conte?...... < - "55 - Taste, odour, texture and consumer preference tests were carried out in vrest Australian Granny Smith apples. The apples had been treated with 25, 50 and 109 krads ofV radiation from a 60Go source. Tlie apples were f-rnnd to he unsuited to rtosaireo f over 25 I£rad. Mthou'tfl 10 ICrari of ionizing ener/iy wauld sterilize fruit fly, it vis considered that apples irradiated thus, would be unacceptable for export. Vitanin C content and preservation quality of apples were compared with unirradiated samples. No prospect for ^"ir treatment was anticipatei. 3C4) HVSL FiLLlUT V.DGK-Í. I DATi. •!\SL-217, p) II. 1-215. Data are presented on the content Sr in the human diet in New York City and San ?"rancisco ^hiring the third quarter of 196"). The data are based on measurements of ' Sr content in 19 representative clas&et? of food, Dataaare presented on the content of ^Sr and 30Sr in samples o^ rlr}' fallout and precipitation collected at various stations throughout the United States, over the North Atlantic Ticean, and other selected sites during 1069. NSA : 24 : 44456. 365) JTobhs, B.C. CONTAÍINATÍON 3í GliT SIP?LLJ1S. x.UtT I. S-LL-DIdLLi ANi) 61 ^i VMIT II. CLaSTRIDIlPl "ffiLQIII Central Public Health Lab..London. Mon.Bull.'iin. Health, 24: 123-34; 145-51, May 1965. Control of -lent contamination by pathogenic organises is discussed, aud -lethorls for reducing the chain of infection from fam to consumer are presented. liecorr'nendations include: an aiend-ient of the Slaughterhouse Hegiilations to linit the holding of -pigs fir a period of not longer than 2 days; the use of irradiation for animal feed 'mown to be a source of salionellas; and the use ofy irradiation for packs of imported frozen boneless neat that cannot be freed fron salmonellas by improved hygiene during production. NSA : 21 : 9038. 366) TSa-iath., ^.^.; TSiat, I.S.; Ehan,\.\.; Ganguly, \.X. ;:BE0:i3r.ATI0N/VI SSr-iCv FOR ^Í83LIIÍ3 R-IDIOACTIVITY, CILITJCALi FOJD, A:© ^O^ULlTIi'N GROU^ .iT THE T\iVJ?tt.t ATOMIC .-.»aiiEit STLTFJN 3IT-2. C:>NF-fi60020»(Vr>l 2). 1963, py 1111-25. \7jplyin,'; tho tlhta obtained fron assays of environmental satples and demographic surveys, an attempt is -lade to predict the -possible critical group of vipulation in the region. In the Indian diet, ijst of the contd. - 136 - fallout contamination is obtained fron cereals (predominantly froi rice). Exposure ?ro-i activation products is likely through intake of fish harvested fron shore wator3. ^Sr/Ca ratios in Tirapur inM Me1..' York diets are surprisingly in close a^ree-nent. However, Ca in N.Y. diet cvios fro-j -lilk, fis'i, and ie:vt whereas in Tarapur diet it ccmes froi cereals and vegetables. The sane observation applies to the availability of 7' in the two diets. It is obsorvGu that the fishing population in the are", cuuld br th o critical cçroup in the snviroment under non.il operating conditions. NS\ : 23 : 14182. 367) Kato, X. EFFECTS 3F (il?f B. lttDI VCION .W.O iSTHYLENIS TliS'J1 «L3NT ON K£S ACTIVITY •.'? .SUCCINVC; JXIDlTIJii -J? .ãrf.ja^lOiiIiL F-^CTV-IJ IN TO'I\TO:']S. (in Javanese). Nippon Shoioihin Ko^o G-ikknishi. Feb.1970, v 17(2)y 77-70. The respiratory control ratio (llC ratio) of litochondrial fraction isolated fro"i the 250 Xra^-fruits i-irediately after irradiation v/as lower than that fron the unirradiated ones, but the ".1C ratio in 250 "irad sa'Tple be cane hi^er during ripening in contrast to the decrease of P.C ratio in unirradiated ones. The mitochondrial fraction isolated fro-T ethylene treated (500 ppn for 18 hours) fruits, both the unirradiated and 500 ?irad-fruits tenperorily sh-.vye»* the rapid oxidation of succinate with addition of IIP and the EC ration was 1.0. 363) ?0S3I'3ILITI3S OF -.CQUIUING ,'u'IDLY \ .JUJÍVÍY .-F FOJJ CONT-l.nH.iTJ.ON. (in Ger-nan). Landwirt. Forsch., Nr>.í9, 1-11, 1965. The determination of the ß e titter content in fo'ids requires a tedious chenical separation and a nany-day wait for radiochemcal equilibrium. The activity of \fGutters can be leasured in a short tiie xd.thout prelininary seiiaration and v/aitinç. The possibility of establishing a relation between the activity of aßenitter an-i that of a~f emitter in a food was studied. The ratio of the ^^Cs activity to the ^"SΓ activity in -nilk have been reported. These "leasurenents shor/et1 that t»ere was not only a rigid relation between the hei(*hts of these activity ratios in the nilk and that of the earth surface with the fallout, but that there are, for the various areas of the Gernan Federal Republic, different but known relations tluat nra valid. The ratio-.of the -^Cs-.activity to the '^Sr activity in nilk depends on the a contd -137 emitters fron the Öpeötronetric determination of radionuclides ia nil!c and other foods. NSA : 23 : 404-1.. 360) L37SL 3F lUDIOACTIV?. CONT i." INÁTXON IN THiS ENVEIOÍTENT üO IN THE FOO7) CHAIN, \nnual Ileport, 1068 (in French). '7JH-4411. Ser»t.li)6:>, (52 p. In huTin biol-ifçjr, interesting results were- obtained in tha field of the -letabolisi of 125i an,i 131i in children. The study of the netabolisn of strontiu-i and the development of physiological factors according to .ige was also enntinued. Research into tho transfer of enviromertal pollution to foodstuffs was extended, a distinction beint; rv.de between '>roble">s linked with the atnosyhere, soil and water depending on their origin, "fork has been carried out on tho estiT\tion of the conta-iination level of 137Cs, ^^1, aad 90Sr fron tho results of the synthesis studies completed so far. Finally, this rci'iort sets out the nain xiints of studies relating to the distribution circuits of cereals and.their by-products in the countries of the Hiiro-Joan Co-i 'unity. N3 : 24 : 36728. 370) Moghisai, \.\. TRITIUM CONOSWTiliTIONS IN ?00T>t ia67-»1063. Radiol. Health Data I^ep. (?iay 1970). v. 11 p 233-236. Tritiu'n concüiitrations wore deternined in food samples obtained fron several children's hones throu^out the United States. The average concentrations of tritiun in food indicate a decreasing trend froT 1967 to 1063. The avorage dose equivalent frori tritiuT in food was calculated to be 0.03 nren for 1067, and 0.03 iren for 1333. Morishige, T. CONTA/ ÍIN^ION M FOOD m liiDia'iCTIVS FALLOUT CAUSED 3? FUSION 'l&iP-m TE3TS IN IU3D- (HINl. (in Japanese). Kyushu Univ., Pukuoka., Sisei^aku Zasshi; 23: 219-24, Jun.1960. I?eriodic neasurenents were -nade in Fukuok-i on radioactive fallout: in the Standard Diet proposed by the De-nrtnent of Welfare in Japan. Heasure^ents were also ta'ien on vegetables, Tilk, and short—necked clans. The level of radioactivity frosn the fallout deposited on the vegetables resulting froi the 1st, 2nd, and 5th nuclear tests in ?-ed China increased markedly fron 10 to 200 fold. The levels were r!iuch hi/jher than that for the usual mount of fallout on vegetables. A higher level of radioactivity than nornal »s n-aintained for co^td. - 138 - several -lonths at the tine of the 5th test. Although radioactivity of the vegetables increased iron a lower level the level for pasteurized an;1 raw nil'c did not fluctuate narkedly during the tast periods. The decree of radioactivity in short-necked clans with s^ell recover] i'luctuated considerably (0.5 to 38.0); however, there was no evidence of increase of radioactivity of the clans due to the tests. NS4 : 24 : 34210. 372) T, •^NT.VÍINlTITiN OF ?O-'Ö-STUFFS lliDIO-iCTIVE 71LLOUT .IT 3IST.IECTS. (in Japanese). Jap. J. Hygiene, 20: 58-64 (June 1065) Tho seasonal variations r Í gross counts of the radioactive substances in fallout deposited on standard foods reconnendedbby the National Laboratory of Dietetics for nornal adult Japanese are reported. Gross counts of the radioactive substances on leaf vegetables decreased continuously since Novenbjr 1061. Gross counts of the radioactive substances on .loof vegetables and that contained in the vegetable it3olf varied seasonally, i.e.,increased in winter, decreased gradually until autunn, an^ then increased again in winter. lienarkable seasonal variations on the rross counts of radioactive substances in raw "íillí and pasteurized nilk were not observed,but a little lower counts were observer1 in Jan. an! Feb. !Ii,;her gross counts of radioactive substances vrere observed in yerennial fruits such as pear and r^rape than in wit«me Ion and annual fruits. Gross counts of the radioactive substances in shortnecked clan increased in "iay and June, but the value gradually until winter and were lowest in Jan. and Feb. The W1S found in nl) naterials by a nucleor analysis of radioactive substances. NS\ : 20 : 25333. 373) Moriti, M.; "üa^ichi, TC.; Tajina, M.; Fujinaki, M. RIDIITION CHE?II3TJ.ar -)? FO-iDS, 1^.CT 4. íEZ.'i.SlHÍKríNT ÒF IÜ ...\TIS „V? 70.ID /JID 3I>)L!GIC1L TIS.SÜE 3XT:l;i.CTS "ÍITH SriD,iLT:I!D ".ÍJÚiiCT \ßp. Biol. Chen. Ayr. 1070, v 3i(4)p. 547-552. Reaction rates of the extracts fron foods and biological tissues with hydrate d electrons were neasured. by usinn; corrietition with N2O. T7fiter and 3^ KH2SC4 aqueous extracts of pork and wat;r extract of onion gave resuJts -which confoned to the sinple relationship of co%npetiti»r. \n addition test of the onion with acetone and nitrate suggested that their reactivities were sinply additive, but the additive affect of cysteine was conplirated. - 139 - 374) Mouri, T.j Hata, Kj Terada, J.; Hachida, W. f-IRKADIATION TO MOSHBOCMS (1). (in Japanese)» Hakko Kogaku Zasshi. Hay 1970, v 48(5) p. 3OI-3O6. Mushrooms (Psalliota bispomis) and Shii-take (Ler.tinus edodes) were irradia.ted with V -rays of 5 to 50 :sc lO^rad, and changes of nucleic acid related substances were investigated by means of chromatography with a Dowex 1x8 column., ATP in mushrooms and Shii-take disappeared at a dose of 5 x 10 rad, whereas ÁDP remained ns much as the initial amounts. Changes in the amounts of mononucleotides were negligible. Preliminary experiments were carried out or; the extractability of nucleic acid related enzymea from Eushmora. Extracted enayme. solutions from mushrooms were subjected to Y"-irradiation, aa a result, their ribonuclease, phosphodiesterase and phospbomonoestrease activities remained moderate even at a high dose of 5 x 10° rad. It seems reasonable to consider that there is a possibility of the breakdown of nucleic acid related substances during the storage by the actions of the enzyr.es that have remained after the Y"-irradiatione 375) Nagasawa, K.; "Kaneta:ii, K. CONTAMINATION BY 9°Sr AMD 157Cs OF TEA LEAVES EECKSD IN I962 (in Japanese). Eisei Shikensho Hokoku, No.81, 73-6 (1963). 137 Strontiuni-9C and Cs were determined in tea leaves to examine radioactive contamination as a result of nuclear weapon tests. Radiochemical procedures are described. The result of determination of these radionuclides in tea leaves, produced in 1962, showed °^Sr 1 content to be 61 to 133 ppC/iOO g, and 37cs, 101 to 393 puc/iOQ g. Tho tea leaves picked in June and July showed the greatest contamina- tion. The tea products had lower contamination than that of original tea leaves. In bciling water extracts of green tea and black tea, the 90gr ?;as extracted to an extent of about 10$ as much as that of the dried tea leaves; however, *37QS Was extracted to an extent of about 50 to 100%. NSA í 20 : 914O. 376) . Nucciotti, L. THE C3EDER FOR THE DETECTION OF RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINATION IN FOODS. (In rtalian). Univ., Pavia, Italy. Ig.Sanita Pubblica, 20: 417-26, Oct.1965. The somatic and genetic damages caused in humans by ionizing radiations or by the action of radioisotopes ingested with food and drink are briefly discussed. The organization and the functions of a center at the Institute of Hygiene of the University of Pavia for the detection contd.... - 140 - of radioactive contamination in food are described. Hesults from food sampling in the provinces of Pavia, Novara, and Bergamo are also discussed. NSA : 22 : 47536. 377) Park, \.B. NUCLEAR iccr.raiTS \ND 0-.3L FOG.: SUÍ-^L J. Aner. Vet. Med. \PS., 147: 1501-4, Hazards of fission products accidentally released into the environment by reactor accidents are considered in tens of food supply contamina- tion, Recommendations of the Federal Radiation Council (FRC) regarding thp. problem are ci\>ed, and sone basic considerations in the development of protective actions and guides are enumerated. FitC recommendations for handling contaminated tilk are explained. Major mechanisms of transmission pathways that nust be considered in deternining what, when, and if.protective action is to be taken are discussed. Responsibilities of the veterinary profession in handling these hazards, should they arise, are emphasized. NSA : 20 : 14748. 378) Paulus, K. C0NT.V'M\TIMN OF POTATOES BY IfcCiERSXON IN Sr OE ^'Cs SOLUTIONS, (in German). Z. Lebens-i. Untersuch. Forsch., 135: 126-32, 1967. The activity uptake during immersion in radioisotope solutions was investigated on potatoes. The effect of the fom and the state on the uptake and that variations exist between the ^Sr and 137Cs nuclided. The transition function was deternined and the qualitative pattern of tbe activity uptake vras nathß'Tatically fomulatod. The transition function is a characteristic constant of the product studied and the nuclide used. The absorbability of various products fnr different radionuclides *iay be compared by studied with constant parameters. It was shown that a coatariinatinn- occuring by irmersion through iiie skin of the potato can b«j renov^d since the skin contains at least 65$ of the activity. NSA. : 23 : 31727. 379) Paulus, X. EVALUATION OF VEGiiTABLE FOO.OS liTEK TREiT flS&TJFOi t Ü1DI0ACTIVB DBCON!?:i:iINVnON. (in Gsr^an). T}ie suitability of fruits and vegetables for hunan nutrition following treatnent for radioactive decontaninatian was investigated. Chemical analyses indicated that the nutritive value was iipaircd as a result contd. - 141 - of leaching and the influence o? heat, and was therefore lower than that of normally pre,;nred products. The organoleptic oropertios of the products were affected only sHghtly by the deconta lination treitnent. Sensory evaluations showed that the nore sensitive products, such as spinach, were impaired in this respect whereas so-ie of the other products, such as potatoes, exhibited an enhancement of their organoleptic properties. NS\ : 24 : 25474. 380) Petrovic, 3. O.F -ÍGGS 3¥ .AUIJNUCLL'XSS IN C01ÜITIJMS 07 -JX PABIO CÜMLúHNVriON (in French). Mededel. Landbniwhogeschool Opzockingssta. Staat Gent, 30:1223-6, 1965. The problem of the external radiocontamination of eggs suitable i\a food wns gxanined. Tie radioactive cynta"iinati«n of eggs by the isotopes Sr, l^^Cs, **Co, and 131i v/as examined. Basic infornation on the degree of oeternal radioeontanination by these radioisotopes was obtained frmn the biological viewpoint. Data were also presented on the speed of the? ponotvation of the shell and on the radioisotopic distribution in th£ .internal layers of the eggs as a function of ti"ie. The data obtained em be used for the hygiene-radiological determination of this food. NSi : 20 : 40559. 381) PBACTIC\L GUI3S FOX: THE ORfi'i MONITOIlIKG llLDIOiCTI-« C0NTV1NWI0N OF FO AN1) 3f5VJEViGES. 1967, 54 p. The relation between the radioactive contamination of the environment ind the corresponding level of the contamination of foods varies fis z function of a large amber of factors. Several groups of iood-;i3.1k and its derivatives, cereal and cerial products, Tieats, legunes, fruits, and potatoes, fish and beverages-were studied with respect to the principal factors Lhat could affect the "monitoring of their radioactivity. The sampling, techniques of "K'isiire-'ent and analysis, and presentation of data were considered. The principals and techniques developed by this study are presented in systenatic ion. NS;. : 23 : 2832. »82) PADIOACTIFC CQNS4' UNlTION LS'/ELB IN THE BNVÃU0N1 !«3NT AND 3ÍJ F003 CHUN. Annual Eeport, 1966. (in French). ElEU3653f. Dct.1987, 54 p. In hu-nan biology a special effort was nade to determine anatonical data contd •jf European nan and their evolution with age. The progrv; designed to study the "istnbolic factors oi strontiun and their a"ev;>luticE during ^rwwth was set up. Ae estinvtion of food corrêuriptiün and of its variation with age, with data fron the dietary enquiries carried wit in eleven regions, is nearly finished. Son.? results ?.re available. Investigations on different factors of transfer of radioactive contamination fro-n the polluted environment to food are beinç continued- So'ae results vere obtained fr..'i coi.plenent^ry experimental research. Various mathematical -odels concerning stroniun ietfiholi9~i were studied. A method of calculating the 38! criticai :\p,c. £.cvur, fron bioli-.^ical and nutritional .lata tnd fror, olo^ical factors of transfer were worked out* Finally, a investigating the distribution network of sine of the most t f lo-istuffs in the aix countries of the European COT amity initiated. : 22 : 6866. ?-33) ~!\..; Brnovic, K.; Moracic,Lj.; Panov,D.; Vukotic, Í. ; "a j duko v i c, D. NVfUOAL .ICTIVITY /J,J PISÜION-PK03ÜCT CONTiííINlTION OF IHJ3 $03j CH.HÍ ON SSBfilW TEiilTíí^r FiU) I 1901 TO 1968. (in French). CöilF-690918, Inst.of Occupational Health and Radiological Protection, •lelgrade, 1370, pp 1C6Õ-82. The results of radioactivity n-.asurenents on drinking water, food and bone are given; the concentrations of SlOpj,^ uraniun and 22611^ \iere •^etenined on tha sane samples. Tlie results of "leasurenents of the naturalyradiation loses in Serbian territory are ilso given. Significant differences were found toeexist between the internal contamination of the inhabitants -A' different regions. Fron ^easuremants of tha '" Sr and -'''Cs concentrations in sa'iples of soil, plants, nilk, ieat and bones, the transfer coefficients characteristic of the biological chain on Serbian territory were calculated. 13?Cs is neasure.'l by yspectronetry^« Sr is detemined by oxalic precipitations of alkaline earths. 'S.'he Y activity is rteasured by the use of Al(0H)„, ae carrier for 90Y(OH) «3 NSA : 24 : 41790. 384} Ral's.J."'.; ?rimbschsS.; Guckeon, T.71.; Maagderiberg,H.J.; Itinehart, J.; • Lamb, .?. C. ; Mercer, Tr.-\.' STRONTIUM WO CVLCIIJ'i DISTRIBUTION IN -Í1JOS, VEGETABLE ANJ 5Í&JIT CSOiS AND CHITKEIl FOH ÍJS2 0? ?,:iLL0UT-C0Nl:\;íIKiT3D FOODS. Padiol. Health Data Eep., 8: 355-8, July 1967,, Vegetable and fruit crop3 were grown in soil enriched with high levels of strontium nitrate. The normally edible portions of the crops trere harvested and sectioned into anatomically distinct portions. Tho contd., - 143 - strnntiuH and ealciun content was neasured by flane or by photon t.ctivation analysis, 'flie results are tabulate! to provide nn upper lir'it for radio-strontiu'3 content jf cro ss grows in soil heavily contaminate(3 with debris fro^. nuclear fission on n "Missive scale. "'S\ • 22 : 382^5. 385) ^eissig, H. IGRICilLTIJiUL 'C3;S*TKiiS FOR LESSENING 0? IlADXÍUCTI^j T^U^LTION OF TiN'S": ?:IE CONDITIONS OF • MUCLR'Jt •:.1317-.)K !úl. [lu Soman). r:isp. 2. Tach. rJniv. deaden, 15: 1161 -70 (l96ß). Prompt "»asures t reduce cont-viination of do^ostic agricultural an: •••.als and prevent fallout c.'>ntci"itJ'iti(in of foe's tuffs are discussed. neisure-s prevent loss of ani'als because of contaiinn-tilor include'?placing o*" herds in nnss shelters, use of iionconta->inaxaf foonstuffs, '-n.shiug :>f nnitals to re-isve radioactive fallout, ani isolation of ani^v^.la that had consunefl contaminated fodder. Measur^t for prevention of 1 contamination of -lilk; the haiillinß of str-rc-r' fodder; tbe handling of growing fool crops; the effects of externi.1 Y"r-i-^iation on gro ing food crops; and tiie effects of heat rrvliiit.icn aro described. Measures for reduction of radioactive conta-iination of foodstuffs folloviing a nuclear attack are considered in te-^s of *^Sr in soil profiles after treatment with various chc-iicals nan lixiviation, -''econta-'infitiim by scraping away of surface s.iil i roa.i grader, an' decontan:»nation ay deep plowing ani sand drainage plowing. Use of Ga or K salts as diluents of 9()gr j.n Sf>il nxi'l S e\r effects on plant uptake of ^^Sr, and tiie reduction of ' Sr transfer to "lilk fron fodder by Ca supplementation are discussed. NS\ : 22 : 45513. 386) JE?0m ON TUB 1-2OG3ESS OF 132 NÜTUITIüN COUNCIL IN 1963. (in Dutch). Voeding, 25: 510-33, Oct. 1964. Aiong various ite:as in this report is a review of the standards for T)er-ti£5sibla levels of radioactive contamination of food in yeaceti-Ju, -»ide T?ith the coo3>eration of the Netherlands Health Council. The eoTtissior. is in aejrecnent with the basic nens seb by Euratom; tiie i-^ortance of -lil's as the source of fsllout contamination in peíicetii .la stressed. So otber dietary ite-n is likely to cause contamination levels surpassing allowable doses if nilk is 'laintained v,rithin controllable range, except f"-r conta-jination fron -"'Cs in neat. MS)\ : 21 : 28463. 387) ãozier, J. VIT-VilNS IN &AT ANJ 0571L, CltiMr/SS 3EOUGHT ABOUT fflT THL:3IE ??BOCESSING. (in .French). \nn. Nutr. Ui-sent, 1970, v. 24 p. 247-285. Maat and offal fc himn consn'-nti^n are considere^ to be good sources of vit?.~ins. Meat is rich in the B group an** offal in ]i:!O3oluble and hydros o lub Iα vitaiins. Since these fovla are seldon eaten raw it is necessary, in orrler to estinate this contibution of the- vitaiins to the !\et, to know the changes they undergo during the- various transformation and consorvati >a processes used on "UJit an'' of fal. The 'nain treat-:ients involve col'!, heT.t, addition, oi vitaiin derivatives or- si-iilfir substances, dehyL-fition ini ionising ra-Uations. Conservation by ionising riiiations is still -it the ex leriiental stage and usually its disadvantages -ire not offset by its advantages. The resistance of the vitanins to ionising radiations is fairly high, but varies according to the vita-iin and certain other factors: Thus vitanin 3. is found to be the le-ist stable. 388) Su3sell, R.S. 7E ÍEDL\L ÍE.\SU SS T« iLLSVI.'.Ti ^IJS ilFFSCTS OP ENVIIiOitEj'JT.iL COIsTVJINlTI IN "JSTP. 2t IDI0-'ICTIV3 SÜBâllNCES. ACü^CÜLTUIivI ••.&/.:CTS. International 'itoiic Bnorgy Agency, Vienna, ir>69, -pp 657-66. The usefulness of agricultural remedial »asuroe nnst be juiced in tens both of t!ie extent to which they reduce risk fro i r-i.tiati-m and the magnitude of any ne«r risks they create. The iscontaiination of the foodstuffs that contributes but a s rill fraction of the total radiation lose would confer little benefit and if a nuclide cnn enter the bo'ly both by inhr.latiisn and ingestion, as can happen with "I, the total intake by. both rates rrast be cansi-lereJ coajoiatly. Consequently the suitability of neasures to control dietary jontanina- tion is not detenined solely by agricultural considerations, action should be decided by those authorities ^sho have overall responsibility for hunan health. The contaninatiou of "dlk with I is the -Host likely occurrence that would necessitate renedial action, infants being particu?arly at risk. NSA : 24 : 7826. _ . , 38;?) FISSION KIOSOCTS rSOM.THS 9 CHINiSE NUCLSUi '.SilPON T3ST F0ÜJÖ IN Vf7J3T!rl3:üSS NSii JCVILSiMIE. (in German). Unach. "Iss. Tech. 1970, v 70 (l8) p 573. After cessation of the surface nuclear tests by the U.S.A., U.K. p.nd U.S.S.S., the anounts of fallout fission products found in foodstuffs contd. - 145 - have de creased nrkedly ovor the past few years» Nevertheless •nonitoring of ioo* r-vliaactivity has been *" 'titinued. Thus, fission products fro i the Chinese test ox^L-sion in the lover atnosphere ne-^r Lo? Noi on Seotoiber 29,1063 ware detecte.! in cabbage fron a T>.ritet garden near Karlsrutíe. 390) rrO-TSul CLONIC iHAL TOXICITY OF LO'r DOSE Ir.ULVTISD ?.l?.iYAS IN BJ/IGIT .OOGS. TIIX-25404. ir-70. 44 p. Nine onths of feeding non-irradiated pnp-iyas, and papayas irradiated at 75,000 ra!s an:1 200,000 radsyradiation at a dietary level of 15% to beagle logs revelled that iale aninals receiving non-irrariiated popay.'is irradiated at 75,000 rads displayed weight ,'jains considerably higher than thpir r.-isoective »e»native control groups. No otfcer significant differences vdth respect to body weight ivere noted. Food consumption ani foo1 efficiency for the negative control, positive control, an-' two test groups '..'ere essentially the sane. Statistical comparisons of six Ti:)nth hena to logic and blood chenistry data revealed thvt -mie -ini'-als receiving papayas irradiated at 75,000 rads ''isplayod erythrocyte, henoglobin, and heiatocrit values that were significantly significant elevations in the mr-berof neutrophils present during the 6--ionth differential leukocyte count. 391) ''egener, K.K. DETECTION ••)? i-LiDIO ICTIVS COlíT.ÜÍINíiTION ÜF FöQjäTJFFS OF JIWXL öltlGIN IN STlTJj] yiSTjiSlIN/iCr IíT^STiaiTIt/ií C.2ÍTBRS. (in Geman). Zentralbi. Voterinaer-ie I., 12: 629-32, Dei. 1965. Stite veterinary investigation centers should have the capacity to carry out neasurenonts of radioactive contamination of neat and other sanvial foodstuffs. In order to do this they should be supplied with adequate instrumentation. Ulis ^ould include a nu.ltichanncl analyzer, low level counter, proportional counter, etc. Supervision rf food- stuffs is a legally established function, and it is particularly inportant t> stu'y questions th°t relate to transmission of radioactive materials incorporated into ani-ial tissues to ian. the veterinary investigation centers are responsible for studies of these factors and as sources of expert oxúnions on the conditions of environnental radioisotope hazards in ani'ial. Ceuters of this type would also be valuable in tines o>: onergency when ra«iioactive contamination of foodstuffs would be even nore of an in'^ediate hovsard. NSA :*ll: 1285-t. r)92) -!1hir.!ser, F.w.; Walters, E.I.I.; Dahl, A.H. FALLOUT HiDIONUCLID^iS IN COLORIDO DüEB LlVSÍt. COO-1156-14., Nature, 214: 511-13, Apr.1967. cont'.'. - 146 - Since ^eer liver is a choice foo-' item it v/as of interest to assay samples' for faPout rndionucli \ea. Livers and ruien contents vfere obtained from v;ild nulo deer 3uring the period May 1D63 to August 1964, anJ assay vns performed on bulk sanples using gama-ray spectrometry, together with computer analysis. It is believed that 'leer liver nay be i useful bioindicator .for environmental contamination by certain cerium, caesium, -'anganese, and ruthenium isotoncs. NSV : 21 : 22414. xi • 393) Bernhard, M. ESSE'üiCH 0>í TUB E11130LISM OF SO' E ilVOIOACTP/S EL2!fSNTS IN '£1E Eev. Int. Oco ano «çr. Med., 11: 11-59, 1968. Data available in the uptake, accu-ralation, aa^ loss of radioactive an'' stable isotpes by marine organises which are of interest to •marine radi«conta'iination are reviewed. lnon§ the various factors which influence the uptake an'1 loss lechanisis special cousidention is given to the concentration of the stable element and to tht- physico-che-iical state of the stable and of the radioactive isotope in seowrvter, Froi the data available on the distiibution of stable an'1, radioactive isotopes under experimental anr' under natural environmental cm^itions the question is discussed, if •% given isotope, is takun up to a higher descreo directly fron the surrounding seawater madiu"! or throu^i the food-chain. In the light of the findings the merits of the two presently most v;i''ely used approaches (concentration factor and specific activity) for the prediction of the concentration of radioisotopes in narine organises are discussed. NS.l : 23 : 20146. 394) Bernhard, M. STUDIES ON 1H3 lADIOACTIVE CONTtHN-VTIOH OF 7H3 SEÜ. ilnnual Ileport, 1966. EUK-3635, RT/giO-(67)35. Dec.1967, 30?. \ program is described for studying the factors which influence the uptake, accumulation, and loss of radioisotopes by narine orfjranis?is. This program includes both a survey of 'the elements and factors in a sampling area, and experiments on the influence of enviromenta 1 factors on the uptake, accunulation and loss of radioisotopes by marine organisms in relation to the data obtained in the survey. Bie results obtained in 1966 are given. NS\ : 22 : 12455. - 147 - 395) Bíitel, E.; Lacourly, G. ON TAI3 CONCÜtT OF CON The determination ->f the concentration factors (F) existing between sea organisns and water gives an i^ea of the intensity of the transfer f>f radioactive contamination in the ecological aquatic chain. If seafood is flirectly consumed by Tan, the F value permits theoretical estimation of the limits of radioactivity of water. Values for F also permit establishment of a list of organises which May be considered as biological indicators for the same radionuclide, the concentration values vary, often between very wide limits. This is because of an important variability of measurement conditions. .4 single value for F is therefore insufficient. To evaluate radioactive contamination of a marine site, therefore, one must select constants in relation to the raiioecology, and data mist be accompanied by information on many factors to be valid in comparisons. NSA : 23 : 20227. 396) 31eichrodt,J.F.; 31ok, Joh. POSSIBLE PADIOACTIV?i CONTAMINATION OF UN '1ND HIS SWIItOff ENT 3Y THE USE OF NUCLEIE PO"^ SFACL'. (in Dutch). TtVO-TNO, Eijswijk, Netherlands. Ingenieur, 78: G-27-34, Aug. 1966. The possibilities of radioactive contamination of nan and his environment by the use of nuclear power in space vehicles are reviewed. i4ethods for the estimation of radiation dose after burnup of satellites duringg re-entrryy intno thee atmosphere aree given, ^itf,1"1 complete bburnuu p if a thermo-electric generator fueled with 90Sr, Cs, or 2^8Pu the radioactive material will be spread in the atmosphere and gradually" reach the surface of the earth, giving rise to irradiation of gonads, bone, and bone marrow of the world population. The order of magnitude of the radiation dose these organs arc exposed to is estimated at 1 mr.id/kw of thermal power of the generator. Burn-up of a nuclear reactor ifter operation during one year at- a power level of 10 M^ win result in c'oses of 0.04, 0.33, and 0.11 nrad in gonads, bone and bone marrow respectively. Calculations were bised on the assumption that the radioactive ^articles -ire soluble in body fluids. Insrluble particles may give ri-e to an inhomogeneous dose distribution in the lungs. It is not certain, therefore that the calculated dos^s are the only criteria needed to appreciate the risks involved. NSA : 21 : 8831. 143 - 397) Bo Royr.v lens? zxyf., " í. iJ. ON SAFETY ENGINES. iING IN ''IS5 LABELLING JF YOUNG STURGEONS '.177? PADI01CT1VÍ ClLCIiTi. (in iiusjian). Tr., Vses.Nnuch,-Issled, Inst Morskogo Sybnogo Khozyajstva Okeanogralil, 1070, v 69(2) p. 70-75. 308) Bagoy.Tvlenskay:i,M.P.; Karzinkin, G.S. IJãOT-f IEN2]LTIJNS ON 81FJTY ^GINEJTJNG IN )li3S L.13"JLLINS OF YOÜNG 45 FXSHE'S IE IIUIOICTTVE Ca TX-.JUGH 7ATJÍÍ (lE Hufssian). Tr., Vsos. Nauchj-Isslod. Inst. Morskogo Ilybnogo Jíhosyajstva Okeanografii, 19 70, v 69(2) p, 76-78. 390) Xavern,N.H.; Spigarel'i, S.; Seelye, J. 137 EFFECTS OF LIMNOLOGICÜi FACT)ií3 ON ü?T.LrÍE OF Cs FiLLOUT BY PISÍl. Technical Progress Report. C00-1795-2. June 1960- February 1970, 13 y. Bnss sa-nplcs v/ere collected fron five lakes during l^60 ap1. frei aj six la?ces iuring 196v. 1 nen- technique of wet ashing fish was rteveloncH which decreases the analysis tine anl ensures against the loss of cesiin causai1 by therial volatilization. I portion of the bass sa-iples was analyzed for -^Cs an-1 cesiui nn'l the results shor; an inverse relationship with the specific conductance of the \wtor and a direct relationship wit'i the concentration of 137Cs in the water, \nalyses of lake water h".ve been the nost elusive aspect of the study. \ nev: technique involving the use of an ioa-exchanijc resin that is specific for cesium v;as developed. Preliminary cata collected luring the fall of 1960 Tjid laboratory testine inkier- fce that reliable analyses of ^^Cs an.-' cesiun in la'ce water 'vlll bf the .iata caiuiot be conclusive at this tine, the ^reuses u?oa which the study is t:\sca have been supported. 400) ?,T/Bn{65)l, EUJI-2239, 1965, 20 p. Developraents are j.'eportecl for studies on: distribution of inorganic and organic substances in the ocosyste-t and its co~ponents, and analys of inorganic and organii substrncea in experinental organisns aad bkai ~isd.ivn; distribution of phytoplankton in the ecosysten and experinoptc with l-adioisoto jea on predodnant phytoplankton secies; distribution of sooplanlcton and its position in the food-chain, and experiments vriih radioisotopes OH predcni.nant Zooplankton species; and distribution o£ heterotrnph -nicroorgaiais-is and their function, in the rmrine .ecesys'iei. and experiments with radioisotopes jn heterotroph Special devices usel nre described. NSi : 20 : 16175. 401) Moiseev, P.\.; r&r-'asbev", \.V. JIDI.V.CTITITY OF GJl/TilN 'UJNL1 LIF3 'ÍF THE F&l iUáTÜUÍ 3;j .3 IN f-->53 F*LL<)77.NG iiUCL:3\Il '.'i\l-JHS T^.-riiiu BY "Kid üSi. IM T iä CSJTl^L PIIIT üF THE „'.iCIFIC "JCiliN. V3C-tr-ßS41, 105-14, Surveys 'vere TI íe in l'*53 of the radioactive conta úmticn of •narim* orßanis :s. Results show tbat: plankton, the basic food fov fish, and lnninarii froi the Fa" Bast were contarii-iate 1 cs a result of nuclear «Tca^-jcs tests in : 058; the lagnitude o;f radioactive contamination leoen'od on tho sites of habitation; and water ^Γ: carry radioactivity .for great Ustances. ;C\ : 2Í : 8807. • Nüustrouv, G.V.; Podyiahin, 'T.*l. ON GI3 JVVi/, )F M .^ L j>03 IN T7AT: C0N'.1A,",{rNA.TE3 3Y °°S.r + (in Russian). Polar Scientific-Iesoarch Inst;of Fishing and Oceano/my^by, «"urn«ask, E?vliobio3i ev^nt of sal~iori roe in afunri.i contaminate 1 with equilibrfited r)0Sr- ^ (lO~6Ci/l or 10-^Ci/l) was con-ared ivith th?.t of roe in unconfcniüate'i arru--\riíi. The >'eva liTinent of roe was lore rapid in the contiviinfyte-'. aquaria than in the controls, ráth the exception of the iiöriol, :fro-i the appearance of pectoral fins-to the beginning of ;ii,TTentation. früher, nortality an'' incidence of the Aifornities of roe in oho raiioactivf environment 'lid not excee'l the sa^e indices in roo and lr\rv:\a fr<) i control «queria. Hates of ievelop-iant onfl hatching of larvae wire co:np.!.r?.ble nt lioth radioisotope concentrations. However, nortality anA number of deformities -rere higher in aquaria with higher levels of radioactivity. N3A : 21 : 48*8. 403) Ophalj I.L. TI^N OF ^ÍIXíD FISSION HiODUCTS'BY MMCINB -XlG'iNIS"S: FO^.MM, DISCISSIONS. HO-TÍC lín r( Methods use1 for studies of ecsystens contaTinated by raüonctive wastes are described, and proble-ts encountered in using a fixture of fission product», rathpr titan a single radionuclide, and then following the accu'tulatinn of radioactivity in the experimental organise, are discussed. Tl\e use of fixtures introduces difficulties in the inter- pretation and application of the results. A-..tab la shows the chances that tike place with tine in a fixture of fission products dorived fro*: contdi TJ after 50 •'ays in .•» reactor. The changes in ele~ieiital •if the "lixture over a period of 500 c'ays are striking. IDvan if accumulation i>; N3\ : 21 : 18019. •I'M) INST LLl.VPI ?";•' •)¥ :. ])El1CH FCK ÒTÍJDTIHG I \LJNJ; POLLUTION SEDI'SNTS, 'Vi Tj,p: O"G.\1'IIS"Í3) IN BELúIU-1. (in French). STI-7U3-226, COHP-e^OSlT, Internationf-.l \tonic Agency, Vienna, 1060, Pp 503-li). The Institut Jtoyal des Sciences Naturelles r\e Belgique is currently developing in its Laboratorj' of J:: ysical Oceanoßriihy -i neutron activation analysis -lovic« for the study of thn contanination by trace elements in soawat^r, sedinents, an'1 Tirinfl or:.;anis is. The Institut is also stu'lyinr; the pollution' caused ^y atoroic wastes, fallout ami industrial raUoactive contamination. 1 thorough, syste"iatic study Tfill •nake it possible to distinguish be^een ra-lioactive conta-iinatio?i of natural atmospheric or ^eolo;;ical origin mil radioactive contanimtion causei by nuclear facilities. NS'L : ^A : 7781. 405) Rons i val I i, L.J.; Xing, F.J.; A-ip-.la, ~r.G.; Holston, J.I. STUM OF r2'sJJI\TED-..'-lST]'!U;.iI2J!D ••'ISVK.tY Pl-:iDUCTS, .nnual lioport October 1, l^67 - Se;>teWber 30, 1068. TID-25312; \pr.lP70, 154 p. 7)nt'i are reviowe'1 fro1^. an eight-yer.r study that de'ionstratet* the feasibility of using ionizini» radiation for the ;>rocéssin* of iced seafoo's to extend refrigerated storage life. Studios were vide en h.-vVbck. pollock ocean perch, cod, mackerel fillets, cla-is, lobster, crab scallops, an-i shri-np. Eadtop.-isteurization was found to be contd, - 151 practical for cod rairl haddock fillets iced for is long n.s seven to ten days prior to irradiation. The preserving effect of radiation was attributed to reduction in the number of bncteri.i. Irradiation at 250 kilor-ids causad a reduction of about ')•)$ in the mriber of bactoraa. Flexible plastic mterials were foun:l to be suitable for •vick^çin;* fish prior to radiation processing. )".ta on the storage life r>f ra-'iition processei seafoods at >re* at 40"I7 -ire includod. Results "re also included fro1: studies on the effects if ^r^diation on the chxriic^l co-position of store", cod and ha'V'ock fillets.. The .•r.'.'vtest effect on the dev^lop-ient of c-irbonyl co -„oon's and changes in the free aiim acic' content and fitty acid o\yosition v/as observed at loses rnnrçixv:; fro ; 0.2 to 2.8 in' nlth the effect iroportion«. 1 to the ra"iatioi> rV>se. (84 references). 106) Jíovinskii, ?.Ya.; \^re, \.L. f )0 ".'•'/•ÍHCTING G'I! ' 3r Ü?T\X£ IN FIS<: (ln Ià Inat. of '.yiplied Geophysics, Moscow. Gi/ç. Sanit. .No.B, 117-ir, A.u.<;.lP66. \ ra'ioohe'-.icT.l nethod wis used for ^ítemining the a-'ount of " "'Sr in fish arv1 in lake water; stable Sr "was drtcr dnnd by flane- phàto-ietric "wtbod "".nd Cα by trillononetric Eietho-, ivith the order of error not exceeding 15)5. T!\e tabulated rsaults of j^ prpsure-r^nts for Sr, Sr, an" Co showed a relation betv/een the lit of Sr and the type of the fish in which it ins determined. The hiyíiest i^, of w-is found in porch (-370) and the lowest ii?. yoT -old. carp (-130). In the crucian carp it was - Í00, The sa~e v:".a observed rdth the 2+ 2+ p e of Sr and Ca . The ratio of the uptakp e co.?fficiont for radioactive and stable Sr 'Tαs equal to 1 (l.O3 + 13^)« After a certain synn of ti io, an aquilibriu-i was established b'?twqen the2 fish orfyanis'-s and the environment, suc!\ tV.t thn ratio (" Sr/Sr ) in the fish rris equal to the ratio (^Sr/Sr"+) in the v.-ater. Disturbances in nintral exchange between fish an'' water lern.a occur due to radiation injuries in fish. NSA : 21 : 4700. 407) Huf, •!. TAiyil.iCHmClí IN F:Zã&-'.--!\?ZZl FISH, (in Car-tan). Zentnlbl. Veterinaer-ned., 12: 605-12, 1965. The increase in contamination of surface water v/ith artificially produced radioactive natorinls "takes it i-rioriant to assess the decree of conta dnrition of fresh vn.ter fish ber.aase they na;/ be a source of radionuclides when eaten by "ian. The totalß activity in muscle of cyprinoi' fish varied fron 2,0 to 3.7 pC/ß fresh v/t, and in sal-!onoirts it v:».ried fron 2.7 to 3.8 ?C/g. lost of this was duo to 40x# in bone« of these fish -the ranga of value«? TTOS 1.0 to 4.0 and 1.5 to 7.0 :>o/f?. Tlio scales contained fron 1.0 to 8.0 pC/g of 1 ß activity, ^fost of the ~\f activi ty found in fish nuscle consistt" of •"& contd. - 152 - 4°TÍ, 137Cs , ani 13?Ba. The 13?Cs activity a-iounted to - 3Í5C pC/kg. In cypriaoid fish luscle, the Sr activities varied íron< 1 to 12 oC/kg, but in bone it w\s botrreen 88 and 510 pC/kq;. The ccr.les contained the save awtnts. In other samples of fish niscle lt}'Cs varied fron 47 t'i 3150 pC/ktf. I3vidence for presence of °"Sr vis also foun.1. In luscle it '»as fro>-i < 1 to 12, pC/k^, in b-mo it "ras fron 13 t>.) flOO ^C/\ix, and in scales, tbe o?Sr oncoiitratians vr.rietl fro'T 6 to 3^0 pC/kíí. lhe ^e.^ree of incorporation of the radio- isotopes leoead.? Í on n. nivibor i>! factors th-t coul ' not ]>=-> predicts''. In a-l^ition to ai).«orpt'.on -•rit.fi th" foo', absorption of r?.'.ior.ctive Sr thrmíçh the bo V isiirfcice see'-w; to pl^;* an inoorti^t r >le in fish. NS\ : 21 : 38«. 408) ST:Í)NTIUM->>O 'JÖ cssiiri-i37 '«.jvfis iw u'ssu;:s TIN '«1 Cm. J. Zool. {Mir.l 70) v. 4S(2) J. 267-26C. 400) SWiNN-JI j.;iV:J3.l 31'LJJ-IGUi SÍEIVKY, SJÜ..ÜÍ si\Y - WGUST l.->68. TIO-25303. Apr. 1070, 151 ;;. Biological surveys •••/ere -iar%.? >f the Savannah River (Georiji«. fine' South Carolina) nn* two stations on Lo'/c-r Thr.'e TIUJIR Cr«ek (South Carolina) in the vicinity of the Savannah Tiivor 'lan purpose was to ^etenire '//lv)t'".or any physical, chunical, or biolo/rical changes ha ! occurred since previous surveys r'uring l^51 to 1965. Species identifications were n*e of al^ie, prutozon, turbellarian uons, annelids, snails, clans, insects, crustac« ans, fishes. Results ?\re presonte-i in the fon of tables and graph ^, discussions :».ro ;?r3sentefi. >f the- diversity of 3r;ecics in comparison to results of rrevious surveys oil'1 in ro lati on to pollution of the wat:r. Cho-jical, physical, an-1 bacteriological studies v;ere a?LSO carried .»ut an.'] the significance of the results are ''iscuss;v1 in relation to nollution. NS\ : 24 : 30471. 410) Shskhanova, T.\. j'KN >..H?) ;IXST:.:I3UTION IF DISSOLVBD-IN-JIT^Í :./*})!I'iSOTi^iSS IN Tl.n ".3GG« m::.im :if;3:.Y0GSNESIS. (in r«ssian), 1 Tr., v3Cs.Hauch.-Isle. . Inst, ^lorskpço Hybnop;o Khozyajstva 0keanop;rafii. 1070, v 6;> (2) p 58-6;. 41.1) Shekhanova, I 3N 5TEÜ POSSIBILITY OF USINtí Sr 'Pöli \ T«S LJ.B.Í1LLIN5 .)F YOÜNL1 F0JÍ>FI&HÍ3S, (IN Russian) Tr.Vses.Nrmeh.- Issled. Inst. Jiorskoßo Eybnogo Khozya.jstva Okeanoprafii, v. 6';(2) ?. 58-69. - 153 - 412) Shekmnova, I.\.; Bel 'nakov, V. 3. ; Larsin, V.l.; Lyishenko,A.G.; lilora'ov, G.X. TOE EFV3CT JF 'ÜSrfOLVliD-IN-> V I?.* ;.AJl^I30TC?33 ON TilS ÍT3Ü 1105. •)iIHNG T-'JtS.'-MUC J13V3L0? TtJT. (in Russian). Tr. , TJ"sos. Nauch.-IssliK1. Inst. "íorsko^o 7>/bnvn;o lOiozynjstva .afii., l'"-70, v.60(2) p 34-48. 413) VoVtisachevn, I.?. liUKOlCTIVE CH '.CCJrJJU^I.-N IN GLYC0Ä.3N OF ^Ci 7ISH LJVJI.i (IW liussiari). Tr., Vsea. Nmicb.-'Issled. Inst. Morskogo ilybnopp» TOiozyajstva 0keano,'!!rnf ii, l'7O, 60 (2) p. 28-33. 414) Vel'tishcheva, I.i\ STtniSS •'?! üT-VVíLI rf IN FIÍ3IBS USING .(ln kasaiaiann) Tr. , 'rses. Hiuch.-Isslo'l. Inst.'iorsk^-ro 3lybnogo i anosrafii, l:-?0, v G^(2) p 0-13. XII «MILK. 415) Bnrth, J.; \vnnts, J.:C.; Buckner, 9.?!.; Ednondson, L.F. 3EPECT OF \NIONXC I N EXCTiViGS H3SIN TliS.T.EN'f OF mm FJli IBi-OVJ. OP ilVOIOIODIM-S ON ITS T/IR'UNiu COWT33NT. J. Vr. Poo^ Che'i., 1070, v. 18 p. 32-1-325. V laboratory scnle ex oriient T'-TS carried out to ''etor'dne the influence of f\ji irdon exchange procedure for ro-iovcl of 131l ir •nilk on nilk thiadn^ content. There were no ctianr;fls observed in the freo thia-iino, bound thimine, or total thi^-iine content of li treated for I removal by anion exch?af%'e rosin. 4t6) L SÜÍ;.VE7 ON .nCILITI:53 MTJJC .^CONTV^NVTI'IN. (in Ger-.an). EUIi-2507-^. 1065, 66 p. I survey was -la^e nn^. data conpile' for the purpose of ascerxiaininf; tiic progress achieve:.! in yrocosses for «ilk ^econta-iination. . The vxh: point at issue concerned the practicability and economics of the various techniques. Consequences .-\~e 1r:vT,vn as to the netbodb holding out lost pronise fron the technical .\nr1 econo-dc standpoints. It was found thr.t 3 processes are used for nilk decontanination: ion exchange; eleo.trodialysis; ond diary processes. 80 references covering the jieriod 1054 through -ii.3-l:^e4 aro cited. WA : 20 : 3872. - 154 - 417) Brace, ILS. KAPIGACTIVITY IK 1ÍILK. Interim iiepcrt. /JíCiíL-15» Agricultural Research Council, Vantage (England). Feb.1966, 10 p. Feasurenents cf sti-c r.tium-90 and cesium-137 in rilk sho-.v that the rV wnvrard trend in the levels cf ccnt^rdnation continued betwean : July ••".nrl Z.:'\ !~i:'bi;t' 19^-5 • The average ratio cf strcntiur.-90 to calei'»':1, in rilk frr.r tVrcughout the United Kingdom during 1965 was 19 pOi '•''•'sr/fj.Ca; t'he riecn concentration of cesiuia-137» was 98 pCi/litre. 3."-th figures rre about two-thirds cf the values in 196.1. USA : 20 i 41186. r 418) Ccrar» C.L.; ' >.s3enr.an5 R.H.; Tv/ardock, A.H. ; Lengemann, F.-. . EFFECT CF V.-JJCUS SUBSTANCES "N SSORBTICN >~F KilDI03TRCKTIUIÄ I ETC MILK. Health Phys-, 12 : 1661-9,- Bee. 19*56. The secretion of chronically ingested radiostrontiun into the milk of cov/s and g':ats ÚS ;?í'íecttd ty various treatments has been studied. Short-term effects are indicated by changes in thu radicstrontiuB concentration in rilk; long-town effects can be predicted fron changes in values of OF lalk/diet (Sr*/Ca* "f ir.ilk)/(Sr*/Ca* of diet) as determined by u>. ubl-; tracer v-etlicrls. Addition of KaEDTA, Dowex 50 4 and KHJJPC/! *° ' ií;ts in aiacunts calculated tc react v.dth most of dietary calcium, .v'inorclly enused increase in the amounts of ingested 85gr secreted into milk; íígSC4 similarly added caused a SEiall decrease. The NaEDT increasor the value of ' ^ nilk/diet -v?hareas the ether substances did not affect it. Subcutaneous injection of parathormone caused slight decreases in the secretion of ingested •'Sr into milk and the effect was reversed by certisone. In goats, both trea.tEents caused an increpse in values rf ' -i riik/diet but thie effect was not observed in the cevs. Calcium gluconate, IIH4CI, laSDTS and CaSKDA vrere administered by continuous intravenous infusion over periods of up tc 200 hr. Ât thfc levels used, calcium gluconate caused about a 50 percent reduction in tfts concentration of ingested °5sr in the milk; IHLCl had no effect; the salts of EDTA caused an increase. NSA s 21 : 17992. 419) DATA. SBCTIC1T I, V-ILK iffl) Tie/iol. HfcoLth I,-..ta P.ep., Mar.1970, v.i1p. 141-151. ure prfaser.tcvf! on the content of '"''Cs, '""I, and y Sr in samples of r.ilk collects'-! .-.vfc various locations throughout the U.S.A. from V ; r '%-,. r-;,- •jj.Aflw r- 420) JttTA. SECTION I. '3.1K Mil) F-TD. T:\'}iol. Health Dr.ta Ho;»., Jan. 1:570, v 11 ?. 11-21. __ . , , . „ 137,, 131T 30, {-0e Dal«, ire presfito^ on the content of LΒ, A, or, ana Sr in s-1 Í; los of ~ó.Vs collected at various locations thr iu/»hout the U. i>. I. hetwesn Octoher 106S and ^ct-.)ber 421) "OiT',. ACTION II. ";kTiI,. >/'i--)l. Health >.f\ Ueo., -Jan. u>70, v 11 ;. 25-27. .">-.t.i ar«.- prosov.tc;-' on the .-"jross a and ß radioactivity in Γ-W; ar,- tr^-vte^ witer su > lios of selected locations in tha U.S.i.. rururmi g Jeç>n"iairo, I..; Ma^i lont, 'iichon, G. iTE\3.r^ íiiílT ;-f T-'i : rJu'Ll-XTHVi: ISj'WlTi 0:>NC3NZLi.TI.iN 2; .-iiLK AND 00^-660711-0, 10 The 'lost i'TOortivnt radioactive coritaninants of lilk nn>! nilk products ar:i re -orte-!. The ^.atho'ls uso i f.>r the letectim '\vA ".easurenent of r-i'iatians are mtline^. The identification of r^.:•'.i^5.S'Jtopcs is 1eacri?ie''. The chemical •:>rev)arnti'.tn of the ~i.il?£ nnr os ia .-.utliae.'t . •jrinci'iles of the determination of • SΓ, ii'3'í 12888. 423) TGrch'iann, ?..J.; Boulenger, E.L. rVXITWCE IF 7?E: 7)1. ECT ':Í3I?:5MVI?N Ü-D IP 1H5 i;)^UCTIVITy OF PiáTÜESS VA T-Eí C:ríTVHNLTION IF "Hi;: BY l-AUmC^Y2 F\LL.)UT. (in 5rsrch). -oywhosTiiScho-.l Oyz-ckinfrssta. Stnat Üent, 30: 1227-40, 1065. :-n the conta1 ••ÍJi:vtí-?n of pastures by radioactive fallout un^er field conditions ara described for the ^erio-'' fro'i i>53 to 1T63. Varions fnetors 'i^iich influence the trn.nsfer if -the fo IT. owing fallout radio- nuclides to nilk were exaiinel: °°Sr, 131I, 137Cs, lj3in, ?Hr, -5Nb, 141Ce, and i47Kd. Hlm effects of Vre nature of the vegetation, its density, Rnd rainfall were exmine.'1.. ..articular'ly. The study included a control fieLi, covered with f>. yolyethylenex sheet, rin' thus un- contaninated with rac^ionucliaes. For ^Sr a flirect ;)roportiwnality was found bet'?e;n the radioactivity of rainfill anci thftt of the o.hove- grouni narts of ryegrass ani clover. For ^^sr an(j 131'lf the results also showed that contamination of -dlk is directly related to the contamination of frrass (ex-irassed as activity per Iry weirjht). In a region '/her.-? fallout occurs homogeneously the level •>£ Via contamimtion of the "lilk is ^oter-jined by the yiüld of t'ie pastures and is hitler in cont'i - 156 - arens *vhere the-yield is lower. Dj.fferent plant species, used for cattle feédinrr, arc coT.iare-i v.'ith res-wet to their retention oi fissiop. pro '.uets fro-i fallout. 4 monthly re cor" is ftiven of vUSr cont.v-inatio." of v.stures an-1 "dlk in the "íol area fron 1058 to 1963. M.'il : 21 : 0508. "Snoop, J3.; Buchhei , rXTH i.LSXllCTIVITY. {in fleman). 'iiel "ülchTCrtsc":. ?orschunersl}'3r., 17: 411-3», l>65. 1 rovieiy (80 references) of -i^ths'.s available for re-ioval of ra'lio- nucli-'os, such is 140Ba, 134Cs, 131I, 42X, and 853r, íro-i in vivo contaminated -lil't is nresonte'l and dlot plant iastallations for research in this fiel?! are '.escribe1. The -istho'ls -Uscussed and «"jvaVaated '.reru hntch nroce'luros with ion exchange resins fixef7— be! synthetic im excí/inge.procedures, the Mig^ins ion exchange .ir>cess, ion exchvu;,'ß Titerials in coLi'unati-m rdtU chemically tre-ite i bone ash, electro'Hilysis, an*, 'leconta dnation usinfT cnlciu-i phosphate. The stu'!y revealed that ioro than 00^ of the contr^ination in lillc coul«'! be remove1, without alteration in the nutritiv« ond organoleptic pro vrtics of NS5. : 21 : 20225. 425) Xosücowskij F.V. i»-.)TSflTLiLrflE.-3 0? IAÖIOISOTTA'.So ,N3 PAiHATUN FXi :SIül D'sll-Z IJvDüB STl/^UB-135, Gornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y., yp 3-13. \pplicatioa3 of radioisotopes in ^airj^ techno 1.» y xro discussed. These include the use of 1'^C and 131j as tracers to study the synthesis of •til's fats o.ni'- .roteins; the use of % anr! ^^S to >ronote cheese i'er->eotation and improve cheese flavour; the use of ^Cu in studies of Cu content and oxidized. il«.vor in mlk; the use of &?-•? as ^ tracer to ßtur*y the cleanliness of »"ilk contact surfaces; end the use of "Co and .Cs f')r tho ra-.'io-preservation of nilk, especially for the processing of caniK ' evaporated -iil?c and for the pasteurization of the surface of ripened cheese, an1 in ga^es for deternining the fill of containers. NS1 : 21 : 34ÍH0. 426) "!cCutchen, J.H. • S^'lTüS 0.P IviSSStiCil ON i;4£>I0NUCLIi>E LJUOTtlL SYSTETÍS. J. ;)airy 3ci., 49: 000, July l^ contd. - 157 - '. brief -irof-nress report is given on a nil'i ''«contaniaation process, a co'-i^ercial-scalo cai.ian exchange systen which is a scale—up of the ;ilot r>1.ant -.-•>•*el dovelovie.1 at >-ltsvine jointly by the U.S. "ublic Health Service, U.S. De;«irt-ient of Agriculture, and the i.to-.ic Energy Co-i^isgion. The comercial—size oqui^nent is capable of rw-iovini? X>% of °3r fro-, 100,000 lb of nilk in 3 hr. This" systen v^s -'evolope^ for errr.^jney use in the evant of :rar p nuclear accidents resulting in release of larpe amounts of Sr to the -nt'Tis••»here, "ft is not exjrfjctc* that such equinnent 'vill be n^Me-' for "«resent or foreseeable levels of Sr in this country. The system ••vil1 bs .'esi^erl to jerfiit it to be loa \e<*. nn n trailer truck -\n^. to allow for its novenent fro-i ono iairy ylftnt to ont?tíier. Ca...acLtyof the aqwi;.>"ient is 12,500 lfc/hr, .Viditional resaarch is •'I'rnnei on the licrcibioloj-y of ion exchsnçe resias when subjected to cleanin/T, 3n.niti7-ii3;:, an'! storage betvwen -dlk runs. NSA : 21 : 12870. 127) Merten, .D.; Ber^erhoff, G.; Ferrnris, M. Í. ANMYTTCU. OUILITY C'.irfS^L iND .'ÍILJI COi-JTA ÍINITION S C0Í3F-660711-2, International Atonic Enerry Afrency, 1066, 16 -j. assess-jent of hizfir^.s rlue to environmental contamination is on results of onalyticil activities, i.e., qualitative and quantitative rJeteniivitions of radioactive -laterial in ieteriined Yγ the individual laboratories the-nselves. Deteninatinn of accuracy, htwevsr, being in^is K'nsabl;1 for -any -nuryises, requirod tht analysis of stan•lar.-'i.ized -mterial {>T jiartici;>ntion in interco'oarison runs. A service covering both tyies has beer, and is still bein-i, ?fiered by the IAS'*, un'er Project LVvA including t'^e followinrx radionuclides and 137 matrices: i^1, •'^Sr, Cs, 210pO) 226riaj (?u in -jiiiIt aniial tissue ad'" bone, vosetation ani soil, respectively. i>73 \ : 21 : 3^5. 42S) Michon, G. O'.:Ä\NI.-:V.TI'JN OF \ CV)NIK)L OT iiäjicacTiViü POLLUTION OF m^: ÍSÜ GF IS'JT0?.-15 -'Km LONG >JS1S0DS. (la French). Bull. lead. Vet. France, 36: 463-5, June l;)63. the radioisotopes of long half life deposited as fallout, the nucli-ies of -lost concern to the ;uhlic health hy<»ienist are ^SΓ arid Cs. In the equilibriu"' state, 0.2$ (>£ the Sr quantity ingester by the cow is excretod in the nilk; this value reaches 4ÇÍ in the cow« contd - 158- Three to 4$ of the total Cs ingested by the cov Í3 excreted in the nil';. Because oi" its jhysical-che-iical properties, Cs is largely ret";, i<.;i in the soil and 'loas not roach a ™reat concuntratior in •olar-.ts, so that ' Sr losed. the :,reittr ^roble i to healt>. The folJov/inrç suggestions should be incorporated into a control nechanisn for t'-ese iyoto pt,. Sampling shoul-1 be re-ires-j'itfttive of regional or nation'«>. 'ro'luction; saT:">3.in;t >oints should be re >rcsentative of a climatically, pelo 1:JÇÍ cal !y, mr\ if vossibla zo >technically hoio- neneous aone; frequency >f sn.-ylj.n.c sh.ml/i be as .^reat as -ossible, at ] MJA : 20 : ?35<Í7. '-20) Terrill, J.'i.Jr.; ^alcs, i;.Pi.; Hickcy,J.L.S. I^i-IVING ••/A'Ji )ACTIVTTY RUi'f TiLTC. C!NTF-06O''20-(^Í1.Í?). l^68, p.; 1353-67. Tlje nsei for loriRures to io'!uce ublic esroosure to envrrn/riental ra^iolo/rical contamination fro~> accilents ani fallout ";as ler to .a T*')t^ran of rpsoarc'', ^arelop-iant, fiel'1 testis." ân-i operations by thi! ?ublic Health Service in the United átates ovor a criorl of siiv-aral years. T-iis efTort has rnv been focused tn f-.rr-i a consistent pattern un'ier the i-ui'laacc of the Föderal rca'iiati:>íi C^i Laborntory, fi(.-l^. .«a-ialinj-;, ajH evaluation exi-.-riments radioactive iodine ril! 'HJ ,;resenti»:!. T!ie !ata froi varir investigations usofiil to operating agencies in tb.c! heapf:Lt-rxsk lecisi.ms idl!' be -'escribed. The research, ^eveloryi-^nt, w' large- scale tostinr; of let'ods for concurrently rn-nvinc anions arr' cations fr«"3 nil!: 'aring yr o cess ing vail be described inclu;lin;«; 'jresentation of data fron both Laboratory .onr' 1 «fge-scale exyori-'f its. Cost relnte'l to sono Inr.n;.-.1—scale experiences will be f^iven '.vhere it he useful forv co"1'mrative ^-lTT'oses. The administrative procc-dures to initiate oneli jhase of the laboratory research, develop™eni^ fiel ^ evaluations cf t :ese systee v/ill be (ie^cribed. WS! : 23 : 14102. XIII'HIT*I:J BRINGS. -130) .Ân--lerson, II. T>. »i outline o." • lecture to occupational h«alth nurses in the nuclear in^vistry is ^r-:sentar]! an^. rtocunentc^. vy six piefcuros. iccirtental con! i-iination .'ith ra<-1imotive substances of both skin an! nasal •jassa-;ns are stress^'!, lecoutaninati .n procedures :;erfornefl by health -v'ysics (xr^ups anr! by "lexical personnel are briefly discussed. NSA : 24 : 7812. - 159- 431) Irkhi-iov, \.S.; 3o írova, 3. ,..; Ver3':inin,N.V.; Pavlovskaya, N.A. ; SkripchanJ;.1), '-. S. )F ;S\ C •yTjB \Cí:I< N LÍJUN )US C'V^TTNO. •7^3-36343. Trrmsl-it."-! froM iri.T.Trucl.Prof .Zabolev. ,10: No.5, 4-1-5, r>66, o 60-5-3. "\ne of the V-α!th proMeis in industries using continuous-action luminous co • loun'is (C\LC) is contininatiir» of wording surface^, cloth-3, an' wrkor's han'ts. CiLC consists of insoluble finely ^ivi Vi rn'iivi su1i.be in conbimtion vith bariun sulfate and zinc sulfate. After cleravin.™ the h;ir NS\ : : 45066. 432) 3allir.,^er, II,"'.F.; läutherfori, 11.8.; Zuidena, 1Í.D. P.\;.")IATI:Ç'T INJÜ-iY. Johns Hopkins Univ., Galti'nore, 1Q68, vj 712-26. The syoto-is ani clinical picture of the acute radiation orobabltí effects of exposure to loses of radiation froi 25 to nore than 5000 T.iy treat-sent anr! handling of patients expose'1 to irrp/iiation and the externally contminateil patient, survey instrunent-s use'1 for personal or ~rea rionitorinrj, letho'ls of survey am\ •'leconta'iination of personnel, follow-up c-.re of contaminate1 patients, nn-'1 caro of patients internal1y conta-iinate^ ^vith radioisotopes are 'liscusse-1. Jia'lioisotopes th».t ~iay be enccuiitered in accidents, their "la'jor orpans of deposition, naxiiun permissible borly 7juri'en, and effective bo^ly retention ti-ies are tabulate!. The use of -lexical records jf radioisotope -ccir'onts, an-1 installation planning are lescribe'3! briefly. Decontamination procedures for skin, wounds, equipment, an'! facilities are tabulated and detailed. !«Si : 23 : .v:i35i:. 433) Benes, \. EX?JBftTRNTAL COOTKEBOTION ON TH3 nííHtüM OP '.313 aESd&L'iltJN ANB ÜEJCViL 1? TiiJ)i:)lCTIVS SUBSIL'JiCiiS ¥20'I 1BE BTEN3) SUSFIiCS. (in Genan). Zentralbl. Chir., 00: 1121-5. 1065. contd. - 1'ÍÕ - 3urne•' surfaces ' 434} Blakfly, J. CUE )F ILWLVl'I ;H C^ä 1068, 130 p. Chapter hoa'linr;s ire is follovís: Introduction; sinple physics, " .1. UXtLtanrl leasursient; offects oí. radiation on the \}O'"y anc' radiation ;ir"tection; the acute r^fliation syn/iro"ie; ra-Uatioa T.ncl the skin; internally 'eposite! radioactive mterial (internal contT.ninotion) J^.te effects of irradiation; contininotion -nnl leoiitTixnation; first aid, rescue an' transport; protective clothiíií? -md equipientj relations. : 22 : .3 43'-) Blayloc?:, 3.G. CHiLOMOSOMlL A3.iaV.CI)WS lil i 'iUTULiL TliWTlNS EXWSiiL1 10 C-fll^NIC W'-LET'/SL l Oak Ti National Lab., Tonn. Evolution, iG: 421-9, 3ept.li'65. NSi 21 : 3766. 436) 3ro'!s?iy, \.; Snyeg,J*"..l.; T"rald,N.; r/echslor,H.; R. -CJJ iSVJliB"iEfff? IN') ilN-lSE-HSir .)1? Ii-iS-)IUBLS >LU I/flULVtTOK IN M\N. CO?íP_660r20-ÍVol.2), Univ. of Pittsburgh, 1068. \ dryV>x explosion on January 17, 1066, ox josed-three individuals to inhalation of dust containing a nixturc of ' ?n and " A»-. •ie«,sure-units at the University of '..'iitsljurgh ivbolebody counter 27 hr after the inci'-ent, usinp; a 1 s-. thick, 2 in.^,9No,I detector indicated a possible lun,^ burden as hig-i as 9.4jiCi " ?u in on a af the individuals. Uthousä) a considerable fraction of the , , • , , , oil, , . . , ... „ 230- cont.Tiination was nelxeved to be In upner—lwit estnates of i in the lunr; were still as high f>.s 0.24^1 Ci on day 4(no3t-ex;'osure), so the decision ivas nad« to ad'iinister 1 g/day 7T.?i. intravenously for the next throe days. On ''ay ft, a hundred-fc ltT increase nppeare; in the* count-rate and changes occurred in the s'iectral shapes is* iniic".ting a sudden apyjearance of new surface contaninati^ on the contcL anterior chest. This activity, as well as its probable source (another spot of contaiination found on the forehead) was renoved. Subsequent'spectral shades indicated that further • leasurenaits "•ere indicative of lun r. ra-'i'»activity. Isotonic. Êualyaes of eontamnatinn rml -iir sa-r-les shoned that the najor fraction of the activity was 2iTVi. Interim estinates of lung-bur-'«n -"ere then 7 x IO^μ Ci of 24lVi on -lay 4; 4 x IO^μ Ci on '.ay 11; 6 c 10 μCi on day 28; and 4 c l-T4 pCi on day S7. These values are consistent with the eliiinntioa of about 36,600 d/iin of 241A i and 54 d/rin of 23?)?u in the first fecal sar.)le. Urine excretiai rates, initially less thnn 0.1 d:v-/24, increased 50 to 100 tries bo tire an clays 5 to 8, 2 L in(r the efficacy of .0T??\ in renovin« insoluble '- 1.i fro- the lun,i. \ i 23 : 14170. 437) Clion , B.; ^ehrentz, 3, (in Gernan). Strihlentherayiie. l^70, v 140 (l) n 113-122. \n account ia jriven of the phases of origin, deve)o~nerit and course of a radiation accident caused by an Ir irradiation facility. Visible contact lesions an'? s-nqutlae were observed in only one of the workers involved, who had ktr>t th« ríuliatinç source in his pocket for several hours. Taking into account the activity of the source (7.8 Ci), its shape, the tine factor and the conco-iitant circumstances r -rich Mf;her {i0 to 20 liíl). Fron these lata whole-body exposure lyin^ betr/sen 100 nnJ 200 IÍ could b-i derived. These -'ose estintes were in accordance with the consecutivo local effects on the skin surface anr! roth the radiation effects in the gonadal region. Only discrete -j.rphologicril reactive effects on the henatojoletic system were found. The far reac'iins; effects of the permanent secondary Iesio2is cannot as yet be defined, especially vts regards the gonadal function. Tho contact lesions of the skin in the TQ%\-m of tne v/per thigh w! elbow healed löa?in!!; scarred de;iirrnentati:;n. '?1JC rac'iatioa ulcer in the niddle of the thin;h had to be- correctel by operation. 438) d, T.V. CILCULITING J3Xi' W S, IT DNG BOUNCES FiiJ.l WJCtiiii UaiL-50700. 33 Jan. 1970, 35 ;j. Modifications wore ia'e to n l*'.rflte-cla.u(l Diffusion coinutov code to per-it the calculation of external ai*'* internal doses to hunans Qβ a function of tine and dietoace dw^íviná' for clouds .fron nuclenr- contd. craterin,* applications. \ sai-lo calculation for the clouds fro-i a ro»/ chaise of fivo 170-kt thermonuclear devices is included. •i-3'"i) Tan^tskaya. 75."'.; 3Colesnikov,V.V.; Shikalova, "r."'r.; T'u -riyanov, I.N. SDu'li.ri.WfAL jyy iTYr-íTI vTI-rt lF IwSVcKTIVE 3IniÃ' 13í C 3:: ? li-T.-£-JÍ-VJU 111AJ)I\TI )N "ITH CiSIU 1-137 u-M ^TEOIWITT^aO. (in làissinn). Gig. 3ant. (Jul.1'70) (no.7) r>. 42-46. HO) a\Ti. S3CT:<::'N IV. Hadiol. Health Dtxt'i Xlv?.; 11: 2G1-75, May l>70. fro'i routine s'i-iplin«s of r)ioloí!;ic,il -í-iterials ani other - are recortei. Mensyrenents -TV\=. ••luring A^ril thro«'f> Tune 1060 of the "^Sr content in hu->.an Inües fron throughout the U.S. are an*'' the resulta tabulate?, ium/iron-iental •mnitorin,^ lata taken during Jan. to July, l'.;6!4 at the »ak Hi'li^e -\ren in Tennessee an: the Savannah :Uver ':. lant area in S.C. are presented. Nuclear 'etonations ishich occurred in the U.S. during X >ril 1070 ire reported. NS4 : 24 : 36420. 441) De-nrMer, ^- IDLE OF T^?E ;>1CT"ÍL AÍVUJV&) P.)U VC3 S iV ^J^CiiS I3D.OSSD T') IONIZING r/V:ilTI')NS. (in "French). J. Bal?re. ::a-liol., 4^: 27-1-80, 1966. The nertic-il suiiorvision of wor'ters ax^osci to ionizing radiation is di:•)cusse<3, not so nich accor'i^g to national jr supranational repiulations as pursuant to the experience of the factory .loctor. The manner in which the ^β'-1 ic.il authority fits evary facet of tJ e concern is Uscussed. Particulars are stressed regarding this professional hazard, r-orio'Ucal examinations, an-i tracing -wssihle radioactive conta'iinati ons. Nä\ : 21 : 22467. 442) Dnlcino, J.; Koch, G. I" f:\TI 5N )F IN!í'?2ÍWiL C -OT.-UÍIN.VfDN 'ÜW IiTí 3Y 'JiJXSIC V C-íS HC\L ANALYSIS IF jE^C^TA. (in French). J. Belfie P-adiol., 51: 2O/'K:>0, 1063. In the case of n :=;rson internal'y contaninated by ;?lutoniui', the direct -r^sureneut of the activiiy i-3 not usually sufiíici^íit to estimate the b^rty burden. :1n the other hand, excreta 'leasurevents allow activities corresponding to lower body burdens to be assessed. The jion'aral '^rinciylos of various types of analyses axid the techniques in use -\re NSA : 23 : i>0 r 163 - 443) Sckert, J.\.; Coo/jan, J.S.; 'íikkelgen, E.L.; Len, ?.N. CESIU-l-137 CONCENTRATIONS IN J3SKTWS, STEINS 1363. Jiadiol. Tienlth Data lie?., iay i>570, v 11 vt. 219-225. 137 To 'iotcriine ' Cs concentrations, 9 444) Foher, I.; Moinar, 'Í. 210 21O ON HIE :?h PÖ BDY OF P:ÍÍ •••n.m C0NP-660r>48-Voí.I, Central Research Inst, for Physics, Budapest, nee, np 121-7. 210 210 Tne possible internal exposure to ?b and ?o was studied on iiersons working in a bearing alloy foundry» It was found tiir.tove n if the recently narketed, so-netines high specific activity leaf's are use! or in cases of chronic nlunbic poisoning the 210r»j, an^ 21Up0 body burdens of the workers in the foundry do not exceed by any' order of -agnitude than thit of the 'lobulation in general. NS\ : 21 : 26460. 445) Purnici, Gh.; Hncoveanu, N. rADnTOXICOL-íGIC .L ASPECTS OF rA')I0\CTIV3 CONTA'UNiTI -N. JPHS-30318, TT-66-35740, 15: 5'.l-87, 1066, 13 p. lladiotoxicologica] aspects of the radioactive conta.íination process revealed the fir^at importance of new studies on the toxicology of radioactive substances. The naterial presented does not treat exhaustively the field of interest of ra^iotoxicology bjit enphasizes the necessity of continued investigations in this area; systenatic ^leasure^ents nust be carried out. The science of radiotoxicology -tust be directed towards two nain goals: applied research ainet! at the development of sinple selective analytical nethods safficiently sensitive to detect radioactive contamination and for the periodic monitoring of the body burden; the 'Taterials lAich interfere with the analytical study of radionuclides in the fixture íust also be studied. NSA : 21 : 32650. 446) Galenschiaetçer, L. PUdST AID MBISÜBES IN iUDMION ACCIDENTS, ESPECIALLY )N iU^IüACTIVELY C5NTV4IN1.TSD "HUNDS, (in German). Uonpraxis. (lQ70) v. 16(4) n 236-241. contd. - 164 - This study deals, with the first aid neasures to be taken in radiation accidents which -nay occur in nuclear facilities and in the fabrication and reprocessira; of nuclear *ucl elements. For quick and effective first aid, the medical, measures are subdivided into three steps: 1. First aid by trained laynen on the spot of the accident. 2. First Tiedical care at the casuality word. 3. Further treatment of sevarely and. very severely injured persons with the help of an expert tea*a in suitable contrai surgeries. In addition, the establishment of regional ind supra-regional central consulting and therapeutic agencies is discussed. 447) GENETIC STIDLCS SECTION. BM/OBE-70-1, pp 17-22. The Genetics Studies section examined the genetic effects of mdiaiivr. in human populations wi'tl» emphasis on longtera investigations of successive ga.ir: rations. The possible association het/reen incrcasa-.l infant mortality and fnllout "/as evaluated. A follow-up study was nade of the incidence of leukoma in -jatients who had beon Create «I vit.-i ^•"1 for hyperthroi-iism. No increase was observed in leukorcia incidence; however, the risk of development of benign thyroid aecplasat was increased, '^ffects of x radiation on the hucan fetus exposed, in the early stages of pregnancy were studied. Strrôies were made on the development of benign and malignant thyroid neoplasms in ehildr-j.? following the diagnostic use of "*I. A five-year \>ilot stutly of the feasibility of naintaining a registry of all physicians enrolled :'.n the American Collage of Radiology and the College of American Pathologists was conpleted. A study was rade of -ehe correlation between ranngolisn in children and parental exposure to radiation. NSA : 24 : 4179.. 448) Guza^t, S.V. ' H0C?Y FIATS M73THÖDS OF TREl'lTING ACUTE •'LUTO.riU! C.3E3. RF7-453. CONF-798-2. 1964. The treatment of pliitonium contamination on the skin ?.nd in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts in r&n is discussed. Treatnent used in the event of a najor accident in which all three modes enxry are involved is also described NSA : 20 : 20943. 449) HEALTH AND SKF&TI ACTIVITIES ÍÍEPORT FOil 1967. Gi).T-IU43Ö. May 1968, 4P p. Health and safety activities during 1967 i>£ the Medical Subdivision p.nd Saiety Department at Goodyear Atonic Corporation nre described, coutä- We regret that some of the pages in the microfiche copy of this report may not be up to the proper legibility standards, even though the best possible copy was used for preparing the master fiche. 45 -165- Some of these activities are those of the atomic energy gaseous diffusion operations; other activities described include those typical of large industrial organizations. So.ie of the nore pertinent health «hysics statistics are "»resented in tabular forn. NSA : 22 : 49323. 450) Heid, X.R.; Carter, L.A.; Larson, U.V. ?OST VTTWi \CTI0NS IN l NUC^-J^t tftSS 3N"L-S\-i509, C J'! £-680-507-2. Mar. 1968, 13 p. Dost ittiic1«: actions ~>.ay be defined as those actions necessary so that individuals, con'imiti es, in;' nations •-^γ return to a nor-ial pattern of living following involvement in nuclear warfare. Actions pertain- ing to an individual *vho has taken shelter in a. hoie or private sholt-ir tliot does not have train? d radiological leadership rxre discussed. Severn. 1 possible sources of radiation resulting from fallout of radioactive debris and the contribution of each source to the total exposure of occupants in typicn.1 shelters are described. Suggested reasons for «arly exits from shelters and reconr-ended activities outside the shelter at various tines after the arrival of the fallout are offered. Techniques, ir>thods, and tiding of decontamination efforts to •".ininize the total exposure- to occupants of hone or private shelters aro discussed. The effectiveness of individual efforts to reclain large open areas such as farns, highways, stores, etc. is conpared to the effectiveness nf 2r>.rge scale rocln-iation procedures and techniçues. ITie advantages of participating in planned group efforts for subsequent decontaninatiin -re stressed. NS-\ : 22 : 33809. 451) Hon^atc, ?.?.; Mans on, *7.C.; "iornberg, TI.A. R^IONUCLI/KS IN AL\3Klii .ÍSICTÍOS. CöNF-640819-2. 1965, pp 16-26. Uaska has less fallout than nany other areas of the United States, yet the Alaskan Sskinos have a higher content of ceaiun-137 than the average U.S. population. TJie amount is generally dependent on the consumption of caribou neat. Sadiation doses to tàese Sskinos average less than 0.2 raf1. per yr Tiith a predicted 30—yr cumulative dose of less than three rad. This cumulative dose is less than the expected dose fron cosnic and other natural radiation sources. No to -nn or animals has been detected at such a low dose rate. and other fallout nuclides apparently contribute little to the Eskinos' total radiation dose. Surveillance will bo continued to ensure adequate information on doses received and to add to knowledge of basic processes involved. N3\ : 20 : 43622. - 'i 66 - 452) Jaworowski, ?,. ) HAZL.\?3S TO UT-WIUM MINSKS. C0>ÍF-66f!??48-Voia, Antral Lab. for ^diological Protection, "hrao.v, 1966, 9p H7-->0. The sources of contamination vfitL 3i» in -1 uraßiun nino anil the raJiation doso? obtained fron this nuclide ty uraniu'i dinars are discussed. NS\ : 21 : 20459. 453) JaTvorowski, ?•. RIDIUM D'2j-°^b) IN r;.WI^0N?L2NT VMS IN íRJÍfVM ?30.0Y. C0t'P-660948-Vo?..íí, Inst, of Nuclear Research, '"arsaw, I960, pp 89-73. Results -ire presentod fron a estu^y on radiin Di ?b) natural levelr in the Ira-rm body an-i on t'10 equilibrium states in the organises. The ti-ne «ad geo;?raphical 'list.ribution of radiun D levels ia the environneni" is also ßiscnssnd. NS\ : 21 : 284')4. 454) Jionishi, Fi.; Quo, '?; INTSSlWiL C0NTVÍIM1TION OF QiCLOTBON '.7.\t.vd-:S: S3?0itT OF CXSS3. (in Japan.>&«:). Hokei Butsuri, 4: 537-43, Sept.l^öQ. A st'j:1y on internril contaninntiov: of ÍÍI cycls.'ti'on workers in trro establiphnents ia reportei. The rí-latioii bett/oen the inci'ieacs of internal contamination \nd tv c oaviromental condi tic.'S of the working area is traced, factors concerned witli the incidence of internal conta* liintion are1», ",-ere: enviromuntal co/ata'iination in forking areis po>r experience of a worker :ln operation, unreasonable increase in working frequency and intensity, indifferent attitude towards radiation safety, ?J)d cirelessnoss about the apv>ortionnent of work to operators. Fron a health physics standpoint, emphasis is placed upon the importance of planning and training in cyclotron operations. I'TS\ : 24 : 2682. 455) Xulp, J.L. J?.lDI0NiJCLI:)3:i IN TiN FROM NUClS'ji. T.33TS. Coli-ibia Uaiv., i:ew York, 1*>65, pp 247-84. Tlxe follov/ing topics are reviewed: production an--! r/orldwi'le distribution of nuclear debris; uptake of ra^ioatrontiun by plants contd. plant-soil Sr relations, and discrimination factors; internal dose to humans from radionuclides and contributions of this dose to somatic and genstic effects; and estimates of fallout levels fror a 6000-Mt thermonuclear ivrir. The results of determinetiin of the stratospheric inventory of fission r>r»ducts» , i.e., tho fraction of ^°Sr, and 137Cs ta'xen up directly fron rain, and nev: measurements of tho concentration of ^"SΓ in hunan bone nade possible a more accurate prediction of the future radiation doses fron these isotopes to the -"orld papulation. It is concluded that the U.S. diet has passed its peak concentration of •'•'Sr rm* J-t3'Cs, that wSr probably trill remain tho largest contributor to the radiation dose to an individual, and that l^Cs nensurement can be used to nonitor Sr in milk in emnrgency situations. These results also suggest th.it in the event of larçp-scale nucloar warfare, the general radioactive contamination would not preclude the existence of larfje populations if short-time (6 to 12 months) survival wore possible. N5A : 21 : 14640. 450 ) Lagerquist, C.R.; Ulen, 1.3.; Holnan, X.L. PLUKMSTO! '3XCE3TI0N FOLLO'TENS CONT.lMiNiTED ACID BURNS AID E.iJM?T DTPA T33VP4SNTS. Health ?hys., 13: 1-4, Jan.1967. Methylenetriamine pertaacetic acid (DT?\) treatments r/ere given to an employee exnosed to plutoniu^ via n contaminated nitric acid burn. . The treatments were giTen promptly and repeated daily for 27 days. \ total of 210,000 dpm of plutonium w^.s eliminated in the urine in the frst 60 days after the rvecidont. This represents 96.5 percent of the amount taken into the system, assuming that the amount reraining is excreted according to the Langham equation. The case is similar to an exposure that occurred at Rocidy Flats a year previously. In both cases, a sun of two exponentials expresses the daily plutoniun excretion in the urine over the first 60 days. NSA : 21 : 6544. 457) Mahnoud, K.A.; Morsy, S.H.; Hanna, I.E. A..; «afez, M.3.; ^ohanoud,H.?.; Jahns, S.; Saied, F.I.A. SÍJGCrSSTED i'ÍETH0ü3 FOR -ISSaSSMäN1? OF ICCIDENU'd. SXTiB.MiL LiSL^SUHE MIS} INTERSIL COliPA'aWiTION OF '^OlUCiKS ."JíD ÜÍIEIB :CSDIC.1L liirliUB-luMT. STI-PUB-229, CONF-690509. I960, jjp 247-58. Certain assumptions are given for the anount of fission products released fron a research reactor after the occurrence of an accident. The size and location of radioactive cloud are assuned, and the corresponding external and internal exposures of workers ara confuted. A netíiod is suggested for assessment of accidental external radiation dose based on experimental studies performed nn the changes of con*d. - 168 - quenching effect of plasma or ssra as a result whole-body gacrna- rsdiaticn ranging from 25 to 200 rems. For treatment cf workers accidentally exposed tc radiaticn dcs&s c.f a lethal cr sublethal nature, bo net-narrow transplantatit n therapy ami bloo-rt component therapy in sterile rooms is discussed in the light c.f experience gained from treetment cf leukemia vfith intensive chemotherapy. HS/.. ! 24 : 7850. 458) Eanstein, B. RISK INVCLVKD -TiTH MCLEL-R ENERGY, (in German). Vitalst. Zivilisationskr., 9: 244-6, 1964» Insufficient scientific evidence is available concerning chronic and \ late injuries due to irradiation, the complex biological behavior of \ the some 1200 radioisotopes in cells, tissues, and organisms, their ' ir-anner cf uptake transport, and incorporation, the contamination of foodstuffs, water, and atmosphere and the chains cf transfer between thess media, the ever-all toxicity of radioisotopes, and the permissible range of tolerance; for radiation injury. The dangers associated with radioisotopes should not te minimized and biological studies 7/ith them should be maintained end expanded. The most sensitive and complex detection equipment are necessary ^o evaluate the true 'cntamination that may be present in foodstuffs. Froa the viev/p.-.int >-f fundamental biophysical research, careful and clear frriculations tc promote effective protection against radioactive material whether used in medical cr industrial fields are as yet unrealized. A summary of calculated data that relates tc hazards that result from nuclear fission in the atmosphere or radioisotopes emitted from atomic plants has been published in the •'Vitalstcff-Tabellarium". This represents an extensive survey of the total radioactive contamination of man's environment. Greater attentii n sh.ulc! be given to the facts contained in this survey when fr.ctcrs cf safety are to be ascertained and evaluated. . USA : 21 : 16J51. 459) Mercer, T.T. Ff IE CF PARTICLE SIZE IN THE KSSCLUTIiK CF LUNG BURDENS. Univ. of Rochester, U.Y., Health fhys., 13s 1211-21, Mov .1967. Calculations cf the rate at which mass dissolves from a population of particles, having initially a log-normal size distribution and intro- duced simultaneously into a liquid medium, shi>w that the amount remaining undissolved at time t is a function only cf 03, the geometric standard deviation cf the initial distribution, and a dimensicnless parameter, ßßkt/lDn» v;here k is the solubility rate constant of the particulate material and Dm if the mass medirn dir/meter cf the initial distribution. Per 1.65 <0g<2.72, the undissolved mass can be centd. 4 ••I •••'•-* r - 169 - expressed as the sum of two exponential terms inß, a relationship vfhich permits, extending the calculations to the situation in which the dissolving mass is continually augmented with particles of the 3ame size distribution. The results are interpreted in terms of lung clearance one: compared with experimental data. NSA : 22 : 28465. 460) Ilinami, K.; Fukucs;, S. .' EEPJVATICN OP :7FJ3 ".'G1FIN6- LIMITS OF ^lE bTIH i5U::3'.CE CONTAM Ii&?I ON. (in Japanese). Japan Atonic Energy Research Inst., Tokyo, Hokan Eutsuri, 1: No.l, 20-30, Sept. 1966. Limits of contamination on the skin surface, employed as a £uide for the radiation protection for occupatiorally exposed individuals, were derived by taking into account the external exposure dose to the skin anti the internal exposure cose receiveC by tbe inhalation, ingestion, anc skin penetration cf the contaminants. Tbe adequacy of the cerivec limits is iisciissec! in relation to the votecticn probability of a hanß-foct aonitor for hand contamination. The contamination limits for the skin, that were ocopteC in other establishments are also reviewed. NSA : 22 : 36277. 461) Moehrle, G. DIRECT MEASURES AT THE INCIEI3NT SITE FRCM THE '.lEEICAL VIEWPOINT, (in German) CONF-661057. 1G67, pp 13-1*8. Detailed plaus for treatment centers at the incident site r.re presented. The nuclear research center at Karlsruhe servc-s as basis since cue to its complexity it represents a variety of possibilities in nuclear incidents. Available statistics suggest that the nnjority of persons involved in radiation accidents co not require hospitalization. The following neasuros are suggested: radiation protection section staffed by qualified health physics personnel; laboratory, equipped to perform immediate elimination analysis aaC other tests related to radiotoxicology; two full tine physicians (one internist, oce surgeon) capable of treating serious accident cases with up to date equipment; ionecüate cecontanina- tiou. The permissible radiation close to rescue teams in accident situations is briefly discussed. NSA : 23 : 22303. 402) Moehrle, G. HELICAL CONSIISRâTICNS AND GUIES LINES ON PERSONNEL EECONTüiíIJyiTION. ?APT I. (in German). Atompraxis, 14: 69-73. (Feb.1968). contd....•• - 170 -w"" Procedures and equipnent .for the renovai of radioactive material enitting a » 8 or^" racliations fron the skin of personnel of nuclear energy industry are describee. liedicnl methods for the removal of radioactive materials fror; puncture- wounds ftre also discussed. MSA : 22 : 310Ô3. 463) lloghissi, A.A.; Lieberaan, R. TRITIUM BGIY HJSEErJ OF GHILtESW. Radiol, Health Data Bep. (May 1970) v. 11 p. 227-231. The tritiua concentration in body vFater of children was determined froa sanples of urine taken froa two children in each of nine Institutional Total Diet Stapling Station located throughout the U.S.A. The tritiua concentrations in body water of children gradually decreased fron about 1.5 nCi/liter to less than 0.2 aCi/.Uter during the period, January 1967 to Beceaber 1S68. Several anomalies were noted. The dose equivalent fron tritium for str.ndnrd man was calculated to be 0.15 arem for 1967 and 0.13 area for 1968. The dese equivalent for children varies according to age cml is roughly 0,1 nren for a 13-year old child. 464) Moroni, F.; Binck, F.K.; Kisteneich, P. METHOE AND MEi.NS FOE PHiOVAL CF RMlGkCTIVE CCNT/llINANTS. U.S. Patent 3,487,616. Jan.l£70. To remove radioactive contaminants frou the sl:in, polyurethane or phenol resin foaii is used either in the fora of franulate or sponno. In the foan aaterial 1 to 25^ of a substance is incorporated that binds the rnd'ioactive contaminants by absorption aaâ/or ion exchange. Vílien skin is rubbed, tiny cells of the sponge renove and hold the superficial layers of the skin with its contanination. As parts of the foaa material are used up, new cells with sharp edges becoae available and the cleaning aud decontanination procedures continue. NSA : 24 : 19313. 465) Newton, D, ; Holnes, Á. A CÍ..SS OF ACCIE3MTAL N OF 65Zn AMD 11OaAg. AEEE-R-4577. Eadiat. Bes., 29: 403-12, Nov.1966. The behavior of ziac-65 and silver-llOo in a nan who accidently inhaled these nuclides has been studied over a period of 2 years by using body radioactivity neasurenent with]T-ray scintillation spectronetry; in addition, an exterdec program af excretion analysis was undertaken. Lung clearance for the silver-llOn was apparently completed within a few days, bat proceeded nore slowly for the zinc-65. However, a contd. - 171 - _ widespread distribution of zinc-65 in the soft tissues wa3 apparent f roa the early stages; with an appreciable concentration in the liver Curing the first 100 days. The silver-llOa showed a aarked localization in the liver, exhibiting a biological half-life of about 50 days in this organ. The measured whcle-bocy retentions of both nuclides could be expressed as two-conpenent exponential functions of tine. Of the abscrbed zitic-65, 27% declined with a biological half-life cf 18 days, but the rx-^or fraction (73$) was retained with a biological half-life of 453 «lays. Most of the silver- HOià disappeared very rapidly, with a half-life of approxia&tely 1 day, but about 15$ was retained with ft biological half-life of 52 cays, which was very sinilar to that found for the liver content. About 2G$ of the total daily excretion of zinc-65 was urinary, but the silver-HOn was apparently excreted only ic the feces. NSA : 21 : 6430. 466) Norwood, W.B.; Quigley, S.J. 2XPEFJKENTÁL FAEIOSÜEGEHY FOE O RE OF INJURE! ÍJ-EIâTING PATIENTS. CONF-670521, Honogr. Nucl. Med. Biol., No.2, 608-13, 1968. An experimental radiosurgery for care of injured radiating patients was described. It is hoped that it will not have to be used for its intended prinary purpose. Additional cuticles nay differ considerably frora the first two as trial patient handling and continuing efforts surest means for inprovenent. Secondary uses of the facility will be for teachine purposes and for developmental work to try to improve aethoiJs of neasurinf depositions of relatively insoluble plutoniun within the luns/s. NSA : 23 : 34660. 467) Ohata, T.; Kongo, S.; Suzuki, U. A STUDY ON THE CHA&xCTiJEISTICS OF SOME PERSONAL AIR S6MPIES, (in Japanese), Hoken Butsuri (Jun.i97&) v.5(2) p. 63-68. This report describes the results of the test for sanplin^ characteris- tics of soae personal air samplers which are widely used for estinating the hazarc cue to inhalation of airborne harmful materials in the nuclear fuel plants and other industrial installations. The personal air sanplers investigated are three kinds, nanely, of the trade nark of MSii Monitaire Saapler, UNICC ÍÜ£hty Mite and Casella MK II. In order to measure the flow rate of each sar.vpler, a transducer was calibrated by neans of other experimental procedure, before the flow rate tests were nade. The battery capacity without the load and the aaxinun load under the constant voltage supply were also studied. The maximum flow-rate without the load was about õ.í/cún in the UNICO, 4.l/nin in the MSA and 2.l/nin in the Casella, respectively. The sanplinjj air volune of the UNICC sanpler is, however, nost decreased by the increase of load, coapareC with those of the Casell and the MSA samplers. Some other basic rjatc useful for improving the characteristics of sanplers also obtained. - 17-2 - 468) Pu seh, 'V.M. ESTHATK-N CF INTERNAL CONTf.UINATIlHS ran UFANEM FROM URINE BXCRETICM RATES, (in German). Atonkernenergie, 11: 404-13. (1066). Previously published data on hunan urine excietioa of uraniun are compared and two nean curves for these rates ara clotted. It is concluded that the inaxiaun permissible contamination should be different for single intakes, such as thet causej by accidents than for chronic exposures. Using urine content to estinate the body burden C^UDVC1 by a single intake, it v/ould be necessary to know the tine of intake exactly» This is because of tl.s very rapid decrease in the excretion rr.te'in the periot inneci Lately after c.ontenination. If internal contaninntioB is detectec in a routine sample assay, it is usually impossible to fix the tine of intake, MB/ : 2Ü : 4300Ü. \f 469) Pusch, V.M. ESTIMATION OF INTERNAL STRONTIUM CONmilNATIGN Eid URIRJS KSCRÜTION Ri'iTES. (in German). Atonkernenercie, 11: 503-7, 1966. The mechanises of strontium excretion after acute intake has been explained by various formulae, Comparisons of the foinulae are nade in this study, A nc-an urine excretion curve was selected which represented strontiua oetaboiisn of a typical person. Procedures for obtaining information for body burden calculation aru described. Methods for osseesnent of strontium exposure dose fron urine excretion data are explained. NSA : 21 : 4777. 470) Bao, S.R. ; Khan, A.A.; Borkar, M.E. AIC- S1GNIPIC/.KCE CF BONE SESfaNG ELELIEfFTS IN THE SOIL ENVIRONMENT AT TSQÍEAY ESTJ.BLISEISNT. Indian. J. Appl. Chen. (1S70) v. 33(l) p.11-16. 471) Russell, R.S. R/iIIO/iCTIVITY iiNE EUMAN DIET. 1966, 561 p. • '-' The presence of radioisotopes in aquatic and terrestrial food chains and some practical aspects of the assessment and control of radioactive contaninatioii iu the Oiet of nan are discussed. NS/i : 21 : 43400. - 173 - 472) Russell, R.S. SURVEYS OF XU-JDIGftCTIVrrY IN HUi-LuN 11132. Agricultural Research Council Radiobiological Lab., Vantage, Eng., 1966, pp 469-87. The five types of dietary surveys conducted are enc-rnency surveys in the environs of nuclear reactors, localized surveys of dietary contamination from fallout, surveillance surveys in the environs of nuclear reactors, surveys designed to provide information on food chain nechanisns am, widespread surveys of dietary ccntnmnaticn from fallout, Procedures involved in the planning of a survey should include esiublisbra«jrit of proper public relations, identification of the critical radioisotopes, insurance of accuracy in the collection anO interpretation of data, and provisions for the utilization of alternate sources of infomation. In selecting the aaterials for exaoination, prinury attention should be fiven to those foods associated with -foe critical isotopes surveyed. The actual technique involved in the collection of samples is determined prinarily by the • scope of the survey undertaken. NS& i 21 : 43418. 473) Saenger, E.L. MÀNáGSMENT OF THE J^RLY PHâSE OF RADIOACTIVE CONTAIIMkTIOE IN HUMAN BEINGS. CiMF-670521, Lionofr. Nucl. Med. Biol.,No.2, 600-7, 1668, The key to successful diagnosis and treatment of a contamination incident is promptness in oealing with the innediate. event. Effective planning prior to the accident can elininate auch of the atnosphere both of uncontrolled radiation and of confusion that seem to exist for the first several hours following an accident. The characteristics of tin effective emergency plan are: proapt recognition of possible contanination; adequate closure of the area after evacuation of the workers; proapt confinement, survey, and decontaaination of the involved individuals; estimation of quantity of retained aaterial, and developneat of further plans for decontamination. USk : 23 : 24659. * 474) Schulte, J.H. PROBLEM OF liAEIOACTIVTS CONT/MBMIOtt OF TE SKIN. Arch. Environ. Health, 13: 96-101 (July 1666). BecEiuse of the rapid increase in utilization of radioactive materials, physicians in industry can anticipate seeing workers who b£ve been contaminated with these substances. This report briefly reviews the physical and ohensical characteristics of radioisotopes which are pertinent to such an eventuality and also describee the aoatooy and conii, - 174 - defense mechanisms of the skin which are germane to the problem. The report concludes with a sequentially arranged list of procedures recommended by ths author for the decontamination of the skin. An -evaluation of decontamination solutions for use on skin is included. MSA : 20 ; 39151. 475) Selby, j.if.; fleid, K.E. DEVELOPMENT OP Ali OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE RECORD SYSTEM TO SUPPORT ADVANCEMENT OP INTERNAL EXPOSURE EVALUATION TECHNOLOGY. BNWL~SA-96;5, CONF-67O52I-8, Hay 1967, 8 p. Extensive data on any accidental intake of radioactive material that may result in internal exposure, including a description of the accident, nature and characteristics of the contaminant, and an evaluation of the exposure are normally included in the Occupational Exposure Record of an individual. Both the complexity and quantity of data collected as the result of an accidental intake of radioactive material -fere increased <:t Hanford in light of recent changes in internal exposure eveluation techniques and the absence of certain types of data from past records that might be useful in studies to extend the deposition evaluation technology. Types of additional" data to be accumulated include estimates of critical organ and lung deposition based on instrument measurements, particle size analysis of the airborne contaminant and residual nasal contamination associated with the incident, and the chemical characteristics of the contaminant. Recent trends in data accmulation fcrsed on past experience and projected uses are discussed. 4: NSA ; 21 j 56565. 476) Shapiro, E.S. FEASIBILITY AND PCTENTi;i EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTIAL BODY SHIELDING FOR PERSONNEL PROTECTION AGAINST IONIZING RADIüHOF. USNRDL-r-R-67-39, Haval Radiological Defense Lab., San Francisco, Calif., Apr. 1967, 61 p. The feasibility of partial-body shielding is discussed from two points of view. The first assumes that limited clinical and experimental data- are extrapolable to the operational eituations ôf interest and that it is is possible to selectively protect against the neural, hemapoietic, and gastrointestinal components of the acute radiation syndrome* The second point of view discussed assumes that, at present, there is not an adequate basis for selective syndrome shielding, and that a metal chield covering all of the body from the laps to the neck is the only adequate form of protection. The use of a grid (sieve) trunk shield is discussed and it appeal's that a shield of this type, of acceptable weight, may be of benefit in many operational situations in which the solid shield was not. Drug protection in conjunction with both solid contd...... - 175 - and grid shields is evaluated; it was concluded that a marked reduction in the weight requirements of effective shields of both types could result from such a combination. NSA : 21 : 34658. 477) Ushakova, A.P.; Likhtarev, I.A.; Molseev, A.A. 137, TIE "POPULATION DOSE" OF IRRADIATION FROM THE GLOBAL Cs FOR THE USSR POPULATION (in Rutjian). Gig. Sanit. (jul.1970), (No.7) p 54~59• 478) Vaane, J.P.; Ras, E.II.M,; Brandenstein, C. AUTORADIOGRAPHY AS A HELP FOR AN/iYSING THE DISTRIBUTION rF «-ACTIVE MATERIAL IN THE HWAN BODY AFTER AN AIR CONTAMINATION. (In Gerssan). Atompraxis. (1S'7O), vl6(4). P 249-257. According to the lung model of the IGEP the size distribution of the particles of an aerosol is an important parameter for calculating the distribution of radio-active dust in the respiratory tract. This report gives a review and a short description of autoradiographic methods used to determine the distribution of α-active particles collected by dust filters, and an example of such a calculation after the release of 239pu-activity into the respiratory air. 479) Vaughan, vr.j.; Vaughan, B.E. DEPOSITION OF INHALED PAHHCLES IN LUNGS. Nature (London), 221: 661-2, Feb.1969. Differences in experimental results* relating particle size and deposition in the human lung are discussed, with special reference to interpretation of the results. Confusion in terminology may account for many of the discrepancies, as also may be method of breathing in the tests. Reference is also made to studies by the authors on the deposition of labeled monodisperse glycerol particles in the lungs of rats. NSA : 23 : 31769. 480) Voilleque, P.G. CALCULÜPION OF ORGAN AND TISSUE BURDENS AND DOSES RESULTING FROM AN ACUTE EXPOSURE TO A RADIOACTIVE AEROSOL USING THE 1C HP TASK GROUP REPORT ON THE HUMAN RESPIRATORY TRACT. IDO-I2O67. Aug.1968, 44 p. The report of the Task Group on Lung Dynamics ."or Committee II of the contd... - 176 - International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICHP) is used as the basis for the derivation of equations for the calculation of organ and tissue burdens and radiation doses resulting from an acute inhalation exposure to a radioactive aerosol. Equations for the doses to sections of the gastrointestinal (Gl) tract are derived for the variable daily input to the GI tract following an acute inhalation exposure. These latter equations are based on the approach of Dolphin and Eve for the dosimetry cf Eve's new GI tract model. The derived equations are uced to calculate the organ and tissue doses resulting from an acute exposure to 239puC2 as a function of time after exposure. Á FORTRiiN-63 computer program written to simplify the application of the derived equations is appended. NSA : 22 : 51566. 431) Waters, W.R. POSSIBILITIES Oi1 RADIOACTIVE COHTAKIICTICN IN NÜCIEÂR WAR. (In French), Dept. of Nf-tional Health and Welfare, Ottawa, Ont.,Union Med. Can., 96: 67-70, Jan.1967. Hazards of population exposure in three types of radiological environ- ments are considered: peacetime industrial and medical use of radiation and radioactive materials, peacetime testing of low and high yield nuclear weapons, and massive wartime use of high yield weapons. The various risks involved are considered in relation to each other, and the considerable difference in importance between area and personal contamination by fallout is emphasized, z-ith reference to quantitative examples. It is shown that personal contamination is of a low order of risk when compared \7ith that arising from area contamination. Thus, the potential injury due toV" irradiation from fallout carried on the person Till be very much less serious than that resulting from whole-bod;,' irradiation from fallout in the contaminated area. Injury fromß irradiation is negligible from area contamination but is the dominant injury from fallout matter carried en exposed skin. Beta radiation, however, is confined to the integument and is not comparable in gravity to v;hole-bodyij" radiation. In nuclear war3 however, a highez' risk of injury is accepted and the main effort is directed to saving life, then to reducing the potential injury from whole-bodyy irradiation and finally to the prevention of skin injury. The first two hazards are reduced by shelter facilities, and the latter by early removal of contaminated clothing and cleansing of exposed skin. The problem of the build-up of radiation background by tracking-in fallout dust and by the accumulation of discarded, contaminated clothing, is considered. USA : 22 : 51639. 482) • Werner, H. IMPAIRMENTS OF GTJSTJVEION AFTER RADIATION THEBAPY IN THE HEAD AND NECK HEGION. (in German) HKO (197O) v. 18(5) P 133-136. contd - 177 - 111 patients vi th realign tumors ir. tne need and neck region were examined after radiation therapy vâth special regnrd to gustation. Impariment of gustation especially occurs when radiation involves the tongue directly, but is less often found -when the tongue is not located within the irradiated area,. Objective findings explain the patients'complaints. The loss of the sense of taste is caused by a local reaction to radiation of the lingual area. A permanent loss of gustation vras not found. Loss or impairment of olfaction or sensibility could not be observed. 483) . tfest, C.I:.; Scott, L.W. COMPARISON OF ÜRA5IUM CASES SEOUUIEG LONG CHEST BÜRDEN RETENTIONS.' Union Carbide Corp,, Oak Ridge, Tenn. Health Phys. ,125 1545» N0V.I966. Routine in vivo gamma spectrum measurements have been made to estimate „Internal exposure tc uranium for approximately 2500 persons at the United States Atomic Energy Commission's Y-12 Plant. With only five exceptions, all cases exhibited normal elimination patterns. The five V exceptions showed extended biological half-lives from 380 to 1470 days. The detection of these cases 7/as possible because of the use of the direct-measuring technique of in vivo spectrometry. In vivo, urine and fecal data on these persons have been obtained and evaluated. The uranium urine excretion rate was found to decrease more rapidly than the chest burden. The urine and fecal elimination rate on these employees after their removal from uranium exposure was determined tc be about equal. NSA : 21 : I465I. 484) Wijker, H. SEEN C0FTÂHINÀTI0N. EUR-3666, CONF-660412, Nuclear Reactor Lab., Arnhem, Netherlands, 1967, PP 571-94. A large nut;ber of problems which relate to radioactive contamination cf both normal and damaged skin are discussed. These include prevention and limitation of the contamination, internal contamination resulting from cutaneous contamination, the dose tc the skin as a result of contamination, the maximum permissible dose to the skin, the maximum permissible contamination of the skin, measurement of the contamination and deterin. nation of-tt- •α^ee. en the basis of such measurements, decontamination and treatment of wounds. NSA : 23 ! 828. 485) Zherbin, E.A.; BesyadovskL, R.A.; Ivanov, K.V.; Rumyantsev, A.P. DAMAGING EFFECTS OF UNDERWATER NUCLEAR EXPLOSION (REVTS?) (In Russian) Voenno-MedZh.; No.2, 68-72 (Feb.1966) contd...... - ifö - The rain harmful factors of an underwater nuclear explosion are the shock vrave, psnetrating gaoira radiation, and radioactive contamination. Abdominal injuries, and more rarely, chest injuries ere encountered ss a result of the shock wave. The high g values encountered in shock Tjavos can cause damage to the bones and other parts of the body. A gamma dose of 1000 rads causes death within a few hours, l-'edicei aid may have to be rendered in 'Wfo of the cases even at absorbed duscs of 50 to 100 rads. Radioactive contamination can cause skin d£iinr>g-:- at doses of 2 to 200uC/cm2. Inhalation of aerosol radioactivity is discussed. NSA : 20 : 29461. XIV. INSTfHJKEETATION. 486) Braun, H.W. MANUALLY OPERATED APPARATUS FOR TAKING SPECIKENS FROM SURFACES BY WIPING. British Patent 1,160,329. Aug.1969. A manually operated apparatus for taking specimens fron test surfaces for monitoring the radioactive contamination of the surface is described. NSA : 23 i 38377. 487) BULLETIN INSTRUMENTATION NUCLEAIFJ] NÜFBER 34 (in French). Bull. Instrum. Nucl., No.34, 1-43, June 1968. AD oriented programmed system for use in nuclear instrumentation is under development. The technical objectives are outlined vrLth emphasis on the cost/performance compromise. The characteristics of the computer to be used are summarized and the preliminary specifications of the system are given. The characteristics and performance of other nuclear instrumentation recently developed are reported. The instruments described are the pulse integrator ECI 10, a Csl(Ka) detector, new counting sealers, rapid printout 212 I.E.3. j subasseinbly for temperature measurements, assembly for the measurement of 235fj enrichment, multincdeiTspectrometer,- Eonochannel selector designed for the detection of 131I, numerical analog integrator, calculator of carbon dioxide output, programmer of the coolant water output of the Cabri power reactor,ß -^bridge contamination rionitor, and the Pa d.c-ta accumulation center. NSA : 23 : 726. ABS) Chester, J.; C.iase, R. A COJíPACT COÜÍíTIES SYSTEM UTILIZING INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND A SOLID 3TATE DETECTOR. Health ?hys., 135 191 -4, liar, 1970. conta.... A courting sy^et for daterminiog the activity of α-contacinated smears was designed and built utilizing integrated circuits and a silicon surface-b-nrrier detector. The use cf integrated circuits makes it possible, for the complete system, including the detector, timer, scaler and readout, to be contained in a dcuble-vrith JiEC standard Nuclear Instrument Module. This permits five alpha- sine ar-ccunting systems to fit into the space required for one conventional scsifcr. The 35^ ™^ detectors provide a counting efficiency of 255^ for a 110 mm2 sample. The 24-V bias required for the detector is readily available from the Ulli Bin power supply and no external high voltage supply is required. Timing is provided by scaling deck pulses frcir. a unijunction transistor oscillator and counting times frcn 0.1 icin tc 80 Ein may be selected oh the front panel. Scaling of the clock and detector pulses is accomplijhed hy using a binary ceded decimal decade counter. The output of ths detector counter is displc.w-d on NIXI tubes. Half inch NIXE tubes are used which facilitate' fitting three decades in a ocuble-v/ioih module. The units have proved successful during the first year of operation as demonstrated by their continued reliability and high degree of user acceptance. USA : 24 s 19224. 489) Cobbin, W.C.; Ov;en, W.L« DEVELOPMENT AND TEST OF A SOr-HEKOVAL PROCEDURE FOR HOIST LAWKS CONTAMINATED BY SD.ÍULÂTED FAJLOUT. iD-631529, Ü3MDL-TII-965. Apr.1965, 73 p. A sodr-cutting machine was evaluated fer its usefulness in the radio- logical reclamation-of snail lawn areas- some cf which were confinjd by sidewalks, trees, and buildings. Fallout conditions were siiarlt+eJ by conõauinrating lawn test areas T?ith labeled sand. Nominal partible size ranges of 44 - 8S, 38 - 177 - 350, and 350 - 700 u were used. This fallout simulant xas dispersed at nominal concentrations of 25» 50, ei'tC 100 g/ft^, respectively. Reclamation effectiveness .of sod cutting1 vac dependent upon machine factors (bla'ie depth), soil characteristics (moisture content), arc fallout simulant properties (mass loading). The least effective sod- removal results were obtained in confined with high moisture content nnd hea-/y rock concentrations. The best sod cutting and removal effectiveness results were obtained on more accessible lawns having less moisture content and only a light concentration on recks. Simulant particle size was found to have little, if any, effect upon reclamation performance either with respect to effort required or removal effectiveness achieved* USA : 20 : 23343« • • ' ' 490) Colard, J, MEASUREMENT OF IÍIEER1ÍAL RADIATION DOSE BY SPECTBDMETRY. ^(ln French). J. Beige Radiol., 50: 304-11, I567. contd. ^ ..mjir "1 ***" '"r?1^1 - 180 - m iodido scintillation and spectrometry r.rs used in the total body counter of C.E.H. at Mol. Internal contamination is assessed with this apparatus by an interpretation cf the measurements that takes into acccunt net enly the way in '.rhich the contamination occurred but also the metabolism cf the radicactive el «rent in the body. The author shovs that, especially in the case of iodine and phosphorus isotopes, the use of ühc I.C.R.P. data may give quite different resultt frem these obtained by considering the retabclic cycle. HSA : 22 : 25526. 491) Hanyu, M. METHOD FOR DRTECTIMJ CCMBUSTION PROTECTS. Japanese Patent 1968-14755« June 1968- A method is described where combustion products» accidentally occurring in the atecsphere, can be detected by reans >'•£ penetrating beta rays. In a manner similar tc that of a mass spectrograph, beta particles from the source aro deflected in a seirácirculsr path by a magnetic field, and the detection is placed at an appropriate position. USA : 25 : 6317. 492) Hurst, J.S.; Pfeiler,"/.A. ; Sanders,11.; Gammon, 2.F. RADIOACTIVITY SMEAR SÀFPLIEG l-'STHOD AND APPARATUS USING DATA PEOCESSING CARDS. U.S. Patent 3.277,301. üct.1966 A method and apparatus for neasuing: radioactive deposits is provided using smear samples taken directly on preceded data processing cards. A mechanical card holder is utilized to hold a data processing card and force it against the surface being tested as the card and holder are passed along the surface. The cards containing smear samples are then processed through automatic equipment which measures the radioactivity of each sme.ir sample and prints the results en a record medium. • USA : 21 : 3413. 493) Irwin, C.K.; V7ares G.*7. RADIATION COHTROL DESIGN FOR A CONVERTED 4.00 KVP X-RAY THERAPY MáCHIMS. Health Phys.- (19"O) v.18(4) p 415-416. In the present note the calculations-for and installation of slãelding facilities are discuss&d and the design of the irradiation device described. Results of a survey around the facility are given. - is; - 494) Jenes, A.n. PORT.UBLE COIÍTilíINÁTIüN METEI:. AECL-3144- Jan.1969, 17 p. The electronic nrA nochanical iesign, performance and application of a pertable contamination meter axe described. An appendix gives operating instructions and a setting up. procedure. It also lists cthsr OENL heel th instruments tc which the contamination mste:.1 nsy be connected. The meter hp.s linear count rate scale (O.IOOO counts/minute) useful for locating lew level contamination and a quasi-logarithmic scale (0T60,000 counts/minute) for measuring contamination levels. It can be connected tc a thin-walled side - cr end-mRcioYí Geiger tube. Power is supplied by rechargeable batteries whose state is monitored continuously. It can be connected permanently to the charger for line-powered operation. NSA : 25 : 16075. 495) Lutz. IT.; Rouvrcy, II. r DESCRIPTION D'OT DISI'OSITIF PEIH ETTÍlHT LA CONTAMINATION D'AKTMATJX DE LABORATOIRE &S. IWJL-LLTIOll D1 AEROSOLS RÂDIOACTIFS. (In French). CEA-K-3O86. Oct.1966, 26 p. An apparatus was designed for studies on inhalation cf radioactive aerosols by laboratory aniisals. The device consists cf a sphere fco which an aeros 1 generator is attached, appropriate containers f01 animals, and an atmospheric sampling Bysteir.. During the ccntarainat:'.'. procedure, the sphere is placed in n glove box protected by an introduction chamber fitted with locking access lids. Results are presented of experiments in which the device was used to expose rats to a plutoniura oxide aerosol. NSA : 21 : 10856. 496) Matveev, Y.V.; Sel'dyakov, Yu.P.; Sokolov, A.D. USB OF SEMCONDUCTOR DETECTORS ^ITH ELECTRON-HOLE TRANSITIONS III NUCLEAR IKSTRUfiENTATION. (in Russian). Izmer. Tefch., K0.IO, 61-3^ Oct.1967. Semiconductor detectors and their corresponding electronic equipment were developed for alpha spectronetric studies, for recording a (QC) particles during monitoring of'surface contaninaticn by radioactive materials» and thermal neutron flux measurement. The parameters of the devices with respect to the stability integral ncnlinearity, and energetic evacuation are not inhibited by foreign objects. NSA i 22 i 8342. - 182 - 4?7) Moriuchi, S. DIRECT ESTIMATION KETEOD OP RADIOACTIVE GOHT.&7INATION OK GROUND SURFACE IN EKSHGENCY SITUATIONS, (in Japanese). Hoken Butauri (Jun.1970) v.5(2) p.55-61. In emergency survey, exposure dose rate responding detectors axe used, in general, fcr the estimation of ground surface contamination in Ci/kr.12, but the process cf estimating the deposited radioactivity from i,'(3fi3ureir.ort of exposure dc se rate has a great error because of tho photon energy dependence of dose rate-tc-photon flux conversion. ii.r this rtasi. n this 1 stirccvbinn inetlv.d iß useful only for the simple relc-uss of cm. cr two radioactive nuclides to the environments. On the- ether hr.nd, phetrn flux ratt cf radioactive nuclide on ground surfrcs. At this point of view, it is discussed in this paper to use a }!al (Ti) scintillation counter a? a photon flux responding detector instead c f tho éxpesure dose ratt responding one fcr environmental survey, and it is proved that the present method estimating the contriainati ?n level directly fron its counting rate in cps is superior to the ferner rothod in its simple calculating procedure and in sr:ill conversion error. 493) Naçasav/a, K. 5 Kiòo, Y.; Tokimoto, Y.; Ichiba, K. FUNCTIONAL TEST 0? A DECONTAMINATION APPAriATUS FOR RADIOCONTAMINATED ilAIIFATEE. (In Jny-zneue). i Shikenshc Hokcku, No.81 : 71-3 (I9é3). The decontamination apparatus consists of a pump fcr suction of the untreated water into a porcelain filter (10 era thick). Then the water is pass 3d through an icn exchange resin (Amberlite IR-120, sedium cycle) in a 500-inl column. Standard water fcr testing was prepared by adding ° Sr and ° Y in O,IN hydrochloric acid solution to water. A 100-1 sample cf the v?ater passed through the, filter at a rate of 50 i/hr. From 10 to 20 1 of treated wattr, 90gr an^ JOy -^ere separated and assayed. The removal rate for 9^Sr by trie testing apparatus was more than 99.8$ and the rata of 9°Y extraction was 1-2$ lower than that for 90sr. NSA: 20 : 37029. 499) llardi, A.? Scncco, F. STUDY OF A NEV.r I"ETH0I) FOR PRODUCIMG ZnS SCINTILLATORS, (in Italian). CSN-CNEN, RT/FROT-69, 29. G. Fis. Sanit. Prot. Radiaz.; 12: 296-3OO, Dec.1968. The radioactive contamination measurements from α-erdtters, owing to the contamination levels concerned, require high-sensibility and low- noise radiation detectors. Kany of the detectors commercially available however, do not allow tlu measurement of ccntaininations of the same order cf the values used as "working limits". For this purpose, a technique to piroduceic-sci ntillat ors which are able to achieve the required performances is described. USA s 24 : 19210. - 183 - 500) Roulet, R. CONTROL APPARATUS POR DETECTING ß ANDlf RADIATIONS. Canadian Patent 777,859. Feb.1968. Several Geig^r-Bueller detectors are located in the uprights of gantry between u'hich persons walk who may bs contaminated. "The amplifier and ether electronic equipment is contained in a bcx on the top. There ore twr, integrator circuits with time censtanta " differing by mero than five secends. The circuit includes a pr^cwplifiei1 and electronic flip-flep shaping circuit, a galvanometer ap indicator, a relay controlled by the galvanometer which actuates an audible warning signal. Another circuit connected to the galvanometer increases the sensitivity at low radiation. NSA i 22 : 25659. 501) Santarosa, J.F.; Applebay, G.\7. ; Ccuchman, J.C. PRELIMINARY MANUAL FOE OCTANT RADIATION DETECTOR.. EGG--1183-2133. June 1967, 26 p. The design, calibration, and operation of a scintillation detector system for aerial tracking of airborne radioactivity are presented« NSA : 23 : 16085- 502) Schmidt, CT.; Koch, J.J. PLUTONIUM SURVEY TITE X-RAY DETECTORS. UCEL-50007-66-2, California Univ., Livermcre, pp 1-6. Experimental results indicate that a S-in.ty 1/16 in. thick Kal(Ti) scintillation detector would be useful for the survey of plutonium ccntamination above 5-10ugm/m^ if the background level is known. NSA : 21 : 20156. 503) Stephenson, J.; Bruce, G.S. CALIBRATION JIG FOR SURFACE COMBINATION MONITORS. ' AEHE-H-2201, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell (England), Oct.1969, 8 p. The construction oJ" a simple jig for the testing and calibration of alpha and beta/gamma surface contamination monitors is described. NSA s 24 : 7626. - 184 - 504) Surdno, T.; Sekitani, K.; Tsujirartc, It.; Katsurayana, Y. CALIBRATION OP INSTRUMENTS USED TO MONITOR SURFACE CONTAMINATION DENSITY. (In Japanese). KURHI-TR-6, Kyoto Univ.(japan) Research Reactor Inst., Oct.1965» 26 p. The calibration of the surface ccntarcinati: n survey meters is an important item in tho radiaticn control program at the Kyoto University Reactor Research Institute. The calibration standard specified by the JIS (Japan Industrial Standards) is used for the hand» foot, and clothes counter. The following method was used to prepare a special calibration for all other survey instruments. Crystalline U3OQ was ground into a fine powder and suspended in ethane!. The suspension was pipitted onto steel plate, and spread out evenly with a glass rod and dried to leave a thin layer of uranium oxide on the plate. The unifi rmity cf uranium oxide dispersion was + 26.5$ over the entire surface. This plate then was used to determine the calibration constants sensitively of detection, and other calibration characteristics c.f survey instruments which included a floor monitor, a Toshiba survey moter, and a large-area Aloka survey meter. Both the 4.18 MeVa and 2.31 KeV ß radiation emitted by this standard can be utilized. When desired, the ^radiation can be screened off with 25 enr aluminium foil to count only theß radiaticn. i'he various survey meters used are described. NSA : 23 : 13986. 505) Walker, W,N. SMELL AREA C0NTA¥IIWTI0N MONITOR CONCEPT USIHG A SILICON P-N JUNCTION DETECTOR. IED/B/N-1576. Jan. 1970, 10 p. A iBethod of designing a small area contamination monitor or surface dose hot spot monitor is described. Such a.n instrument would use a silicon junction detector in a noval circuit which provides a wide range cf operation and avoids leakage current problems in the detector. The specification of a suggested prototype instrument is given. NSA s 24 8 19ZO3. XV. PLANTS'. 506) Bose, H. 9°Sr AND 157Cs CONrAfCIITisTION OF PLANTS AND SOILS ON THE TERRITORY OF THE GERIÍAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC DURING 1966 TO 1968. PAST II. (In German). Kernenergie; 13: 156-62. May 1970. NSA s 24 í 48471. - 185 - 507) Garner, H.J.. EFFECTS OF RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES ON ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 1966, pp-159-70. The direct effects cf radiaticn on domestic animals and en plants arc discussed. The sheep grid ccv; ars cf prime interest because of ingestion of largo quantities of radioactively contaminated herbage during grazing. In cows, the ingestion of low laveis of contaminated herbage ray result in milk deses that are above acceptable limits. IU-garding chronic external exposure to livestock, the limiting hazard frontfradiation seams to be the effect on the reproductive capacity» cf the maio- Data concerning the continuous ingestion of ^31i^ °°Sr, and 137cs by cl.-.moatic animals is largely a matter of extra polation from data en smaller anipals, : n& indicates that product quality is affected before say long range effects on the animal are noted. Chronic and acute oxposure of plants to radiation results in a range cf responses in growing plants fror, reduced or abnormal growth and color changes, to partial or conpl^te sterility. Variations in radicsensitivity exist between species and within a species. It was shewn that among plants, radicsensitivity varied in direct proportion to the nuclear vcluire of meristam^tic CHIIS. NSA : 21 s 45407. 508) Kornbeg, H.A.; Davis, J.J. FOOD CHAINS IN FHESH '7ATER. Pacific NcrthwfiSt Lab. llichland, Washington, 1966, pp 383-4I8. The fresh water community is dealt with at five trophic levels* photcsynthetic plants, herbivores, carnivores, heterotrophic bacteria, lungi, and chemoautotrophic bacteria. Complexities of interspecies relations ana .fore! habits among these five trophic level gives rise to the term fo<. d ??eb rather than food chain. Biological and physical processes occurring in aquatic ecosystem cay reduce the content cf radioisotopes in the surface waters by 10 to 60/á. The remaining activity is transferred through tbhe food web. Usually members cf the lower trophic lavela will contain most cf the total quantity cf radioactive materials in the ecosystem because there is a greater bionass at these levels. The distribution of variety of radioactive substances in aquatic systems is diecussad at length. Reports of the effect of radioisotopes on aquatic life range from no effect tc. considerable effect. Sources of radioactivity in frejh water systems include the following: natural sources (rocks and minerals), fallout, uranium mining, atomic energy installations, and research with radio- isotopes. Atomic energy installations, particularly where there »:•# separation plants, carry on continuous surveys of the fresh water. Eighty-seven references are cited. NSA : 21 '• 43355. - 186 509) Russell, s.a DIRECT COMBINATION OF PLJJWS TETH Sr. Agricultural Research Council Radiobiological Lab., Wantage, Eng., 1966, pp 189-211. Mechanisms and extent of contamination of perennial pastures under conditions of continuous deposition of 90gr are discussed. Under these conditions, consideration must, be given t^ net only the extent to which it is initially retained en herbage eaten by cattle and the rate at which it is subsequently lest from herbage due to leaching by rain and dilution by ne-vj growth, but also tc the amount of subsequent absorption fron;,the plant base. It was shown that the rate of entry of 90gr inte permanent pastures can be mitigated by the application of line and by management practices designed to reduce the mat at the plr.nt base. Annual crops constitute a different situation than perennials nainly because the exposure time is only of short 512 duration, Also with the exception of leafy material eaten as salad, the plant tissues of annual crops important in human diet are relatively v;ell protected fror direct contamination. Little if any of the 90sr absorbed by leaves cf annual plants is translocated to ether tissues. Exceptionally high contamination levels are fcund, however, in cereals ov.lng to exceptionally high retention rates in the inflorescences. The extent of direct contamination of other annual crops seems to vary directly with the exposed surface area. 37 references are cited. MSA i 21 : 45409- 510) Russell, R.S. 513 ENTRY OF PJJSOACTIVE MATERIALS INTO PLANTS. Agricultural Research Council liadicbiclogical Lab., Wantage, Eng., 1966, pp 87-IO4. The absorption, redistribution and retention or loss of radioactive contaminants by plants are discussed. The direct contamination of 1 plants involves the deposition of airborne materials on their above- c ground parts, while indirect contamination is limited to root absorption, of radioactive materials that have entered the soil. Direct contamina- tion occurs only when fallout contacts growing crops, while the extent of indirect contamination depends on the accumulated deposit in the soil. The presence of long lived radioisotopes in the soil makes the latter route an increasingly important factor. Differences in the mechanisms of contamination for annual and perennial plants are discussed.. Factors affecting the rate of absorption include concentration, chemical characteristics, and interrelations between ions, and pH of the rhizosphere. Redistribution cf absorbed ions in the plant depends mainly on the valence cf the ion in question. Bivalent and multivalent cations arc much less mobile than are the monovalent cations. They move rapidly through the xylem to the leaves, but from there very little is redistributed. TTith the exception of 137cs, all cf the important fission products of appreciable half-life fall into this low-mobility category. USA s 21 : 43322. - 187 - 511) '•••'sitters, it.L.; Johnsen, J.E. 910 A STUDY OP UNSUPPORTED PO FOS ION SXC";dIGE IN SOILS ML UFT.AKE IN VEGETATION. THIRD TVJCHNICJLL PHOGIÍESS VSPCRT, August-15, 1969 ~ May 1, 1970. COO-1733-9, 14 Y.BS 1970, 79 p. ?10 I'echanisrjs involved in the translocation of ' Po from seil to edible plants v/era studier1 for various soil types and conditions. The natural Fo content of all tcpscils and seven profiles found in the U.S.A. STK! Puerto Rice was determined. Results indicated that soil type influents the- ^%o by agricultural, plants from various seil.types were investigated in greenhouse studies. 512) Matters, Il.L.; Johnson, J.S. STUEY OF UNSUPPORTED Po F0:>. ICN EXCHJIMJE ION SOILS 11W UPTAKE IN VEGETATION. Sumrary Hepcrt for the three year period. cec-1733-10. i-.ay 1970, 63 p. 210 The translocation of Po fron soil to edible plants was studied for various soil typos and conditions. The equilibrium distribution coefficient (Nd) was determined for 608 samples, 408 soil samples w 513) "lcdek, S. líâDICACTIvTTY OF TJ'S PLASTi'S 0? THE TKIBUT^tlSS Cr 'rEE ISERE ItEYEIl IN 1564-1965. (in French). HP-16393. Aug.1965, 29 p. The radioactivity ccnta^i.nctiotL levels of 16 species of plants of the Isere Hi ver wers studied during the suiacer and autuicn of 1964 and the spring of 1965« Conclusions ?/ere marie on: the differences of behavior ff varii us plont species with, respect to the accumulation cf radioactive substances} the seasonal diffsrences of the accumulation 10 and the contributirn cf 144ce, %u, 137cs and 54Mn in the contatiiination of plants. NSA : 21 : 20174. XVI • IÜJ>im.Cll PROTECTION. ?14) Berg, 0.; Grands, ?.; Vig, B. miSUM-EM OF CQWUmULIlQll OF TEE ••ÜAirllüG VíllR OF iSIiSONAL FILL'S A3.;. COIOTKOL OF ''OHÍCIÍTG H/3ITS. COlíF-670621, Iiadiaticn Hygiene Lab., Copenhagen. I967, pp 2O3-8. contd.... - 186 - Personal phr.tt. raphic filir d-simeters from work with open radioactive sources very seldom show external exposure. The reason fcr this is the small aitrunt of raclioaotivity penrdtteá*tc be handled as open sources, due to the risk of internal ccntaislnation. Evaluating the extent of contaid.na.tic n and thereby also the risk <-f internal irradiation can be dene by ireans rf Eessuring the contamination of the -^r^pping paper on personal films. Experience shews thrt approximately 1CÇÓ of the pers-nal films fror such w: rk have dark s\ots usually showing splashes of rpõir.fictive solutions frer the sink or the ^aste bucket vihera the radioactive ratorial has been disposed cf. USA : 22 ! 215?2. 515) Bonet, V.T-. :J:DIOPT!OTECTION. (in French). 1969, 156 p. . Ionizing radiations are diocussr-d in the first chapter of the bock vith regard t~ nature, r*ri£in, transfer •.£ radiation energy to the me d i UP, absrrptii'.n of ve.ric.as kin^s ci r£c"iati'-n, quantities and units, and detection and measurement. The scemd oh-..-ter is concerned uith biclr-gical effects • f radiation. The origan -"f rrdiclssi-ns is concerned, anc1 soratic and gonitic effects cf c-xternsl radiation, ^5 well as factors nodifyinc7 r=xternal eff-ctc are discussed. Eifrets :f .accidental ingostion of radioisotopes arc discussed. The third chapter is concerned vrith legislation nnô me dice -social proclens. Standards of tolerance are discussed -«ith regard to evaluation -f risks anc equivalents of maximui: permissible dose, Frotecticn cf personnel anc! repair of âaiuage following accidents are also o.cnsidored. The f-urth chapter is concerned vrith technolcgj/- of rndiaticn prt taction. 'í «that's of reducing the dose to personnel, oquiprent, icstruracnts,- and internal contanã nation are considered. The fifth chapter is concerned r/ith cr^aniz/ti^n and functioning of a rzõiation protection service. KSA : 2i % 9B34. 516) Boulenger, Ii. IISTT.OLUCTION TO TtlE PTlOBLEf-i OF COHD.TIl&TICr Hi i:. fin irench) J. Beige Eadid., 501 291-2, I967. The role of health physics in Eersuring and reducing radiation doses is discussed and irathc.ds for neasuring internal contamination cire revievred. 22 : - 189 - 517) Butiorwcrth, II.; Dcnoghuc, J.1C. COFT^-IBUTICI? CF ACTIVITY 7JZLEASED F?O1'. PROTECTIVE CLOTHING TC AI" COETal-INiTION ]"ELSÜ3ED BY AI l<. SA1TLEI.S. Health phys. (197O) v.18(«';} P 31 9~323 • -4r ccntf.Dinftif n measured v.-ith personal eir samplers is usually greater than tLit indicated by fixed sanplers in the r/crking area. The discrepancy ray be partly explained if activity released fron contaminated clothing is collected by the personal air sampler and measurements hove shov/n this to -be the case. Cotton coveralls contarcinat-j-c? in a uraniuiu processing area gave eir levels in excess of the uraniun.-in air MJC when worn in a clean laboratory. The effect rith terylene/cc ttcn coveralls vras somewhat less than with pure ce-frfon. 518) Caldwell, I...D. ; Cot ley, H.C. VEiiTILATIfN POR CCKTKOL OF T AlJi CClEMillhJJUOS DUTJIIG HEACTOE VESSEL ••EPMrt. Health Phys.,18: 16?, Feb.1970. lhe necessity of rearing bullqr protective clothing, because of health hazards arising from high tritiuE ccncentraticn in air during reactor vessel repair at Savannah River Flr.nt nuclear reactors, resulted in increased repair time and cost. To overcome this health hazard a ventilation system was designed using two 24 x 24 x 11 in. High Efficiency Particulate Air Filters connected in parallel and having 2000 ft3/min total nominal capacity to reicove radioactive particulate matter. An estica ted time saving of 30 days and cost saving of $ 25,000 is quoted. NSA : 24 : I6269. 519) Chame1, A.j Fourcy, A.4 Pautou, G. HELOPEYTE PL;JITS: DETECTORS OF IÜVDIOACTITS PCLLÜTION. (In French). CE^-COÍÍF-1382, CCÍIP-69O918-1. 1969, 14 p. Helcphytes (biological type reed) are represented by several species of different ecology but shevt a rather gord concentration factor, and thereby, az*e able to take a prominent place as bic-indicatcr for radioactive contamination of continental waters. The concentration factor was evaluated by e>Tsrir.ental crntaoination (Phragnites) and by radioactivation of stable elements (Baldingera and Arundc). This last genus allows an enlargement of results to the Mediterranean region. HSã s 23 ! 50457. - 190 - 52C) Canard, lie.*.; Sutcv?, Y.r.\r.; Lcwrey, A. AL SUTIVEY OF THE PEOPLE OF i'iONGELAF AND UTIIilK ISLANDS THIRTEEN, FOURTEEN, AND FIFTEEN YEA1S :.FTER EXPOSURE TC FALLCTJT RADIATION. BI3L-5O22O, 3rcrkhaven ifebirnal Lab., Upton, N.Y. 128 p. Thu results cf meiicfll surveys cr.rried out during 1?67, 1968, s.nd 1969 on 67 people of Iz-ngelap and Utirik j:tclls who were exposed tc falleut rrdiation í:nri ng Kprch 1954 sxe reported, iin estiinated dose cf 175 rads cf wh:-le-b;.'dyyradiation, contaitinaticn of the skin sufficient t< result inßburns, and slight internal absorption cf radioactive r.r.torials through inhalation or ingestion was received by the people. A summary :-.f findings frcm medical surveys of the population conducted over the previous 15-year period is included. ;ss;- : 24 : 50798. 521) Crespi, P.It. 5 Tontcli, E. FITiST AID !(?. INJFiiED F'lHSGBKEL. 3J0TE II. IliDUSTlilAL I1OT0XICATI0K- MBICACTIVE DECONTjii INATICN. (In Italian). linervalied., 59: 3770-85. Sept.1968. The- first aid treatment to be adninistered in the case of industrial poisoning by arsenic, riercury, £rold salts, phosphcric esters, and cyanides is described for each substance. In the case cf radioactive contamination the first aid treataent is given fer cases vrith and without injuries. The dfe-contaminf.tir-n procedure itself is described. ESA : 23 : 4988. 522) DcEininghaus, H. APFLICfellGP OF PLASTICS IF KTJCLEAJi EBGIiJEESIaG. Brit. Plast., 38: 676-8I, Nov.1965. Plastics are used in protecting technicians working near sources of radiation; protecting surrcunrings ngainst datiere fron contaminated water cr air; insulating electrical plants and equipment; constructing high vacuum systems and equipment fer detecting; counting, and registering high density raiiatitn; protecting construction aaterials against weather, and for the production of long-lasting building elements. NSA : 20 : 43471 . 523) • -Fanner, F.R. KHIHCIS FOR THE EVALTJiTION CF RISKS, (in German). IES-T-18. (197O) p.155-168. - 191 - 524) Fenn, J.H.; Bush, V:.R.; viatson, L.C. ONE-DAY IKT-.CDUCTICIT TG RADIATION PHOTECTICN PRINCIPLES. AECL-2656 (p.fcv). 1970, 43 P- Th.8 funcs.Keats.ls cf radiation hazards and their control are outlined. This one-day c-urse is presented tc all classes of radiation workers at CliEL, usually during their first r-cnth of empl< yment. The purposes cf the course ore tc outline the fundamentals of radiation hazards centro, tc describe r.thods that enable enployees to work safely with radiation, and to aqusint employees with C'lNL radiation and industrial safety organization. 525) Fergusson, K.3. UNITED STiTES FJli.CTICES IN THE CCNTECL AND CLHTAIMEKT OF RADIOACTIVE pp 889-917 cf International SyEposiun en working Äethods in High Activity Hot Laboratories. Vol.11. Peris, Organization for Econondc Cooperation rnd Development, 1965' The types cf radiological ccntrinrect systems and operating practices used in research operations requiring thick biological shielding are surveyed. Some containment enclosures are an integral part of the shielding and others are separate and reircval. The parts of the completo containment system are chosen on the basis cf numerous safety and economic factors, such as site location, aerosol handling hazard, type and size cf the operations, isanipulstc-rs used, and long-range objectives of the facility. Initial ope-rutins experience was obtained with several large containment complexes. Developments in ventilation, fire control, and raster-slave manipulation are reviev/ed. SIS A ! 20 : 4214. 526) Fujil, S. OrriFT]p; PLANUM^ FOR ÍIUDIATICN FACILITIES. (In Japanese). . Genshirycku Kogyo. (l-Iay 197.0) v.1c(5) p.6-10. 527) Glos, K. ACCirENT FOCUSES ON RÀDIDK PaOBLSi: Alffi STHICTEIi REGULATIONS NEEDED? Nucleonics, 25: No.1,60-3, 1967. Regulations concerning the use of Ra in the U.S. are reviewed. It is pointed out that stf.te regulatory agencies are responsible for the re£,ulstif. n of Re uses, ?àth assistance from the Public Health Service. A recent incident of P.a contanination resulting from a hairline crack in a 50-reg nasopharyngeal Ea applicator is described that'resulted in the contend nation of over 200 hones, the closing of an entire medical contd. - 192 - csnter building for over 2 \7o...ks and scne parts cf the building for ever a ncnth, r.nd n erst cf abrut 8 30,000 fer decontamination of the building. It is tuph^sized that Ita sources should be re- encnpsulated -jvory 5 tc 6 yr, since rest of then leak after this period. It is suggested that the use of suitable radieisotopes, J such as ^-"Cs, ° Sr, ^9^-Iv, and ^92^Ui as roflistiCn sources as a substitute fr-r Sa, wruld reduce the contaminant ien hazard. NSA : 21 : 20214- 528) Hardy, E.l'.Jr. ; Rivera, J. FALLCUT FliCGIJili QUARTERLY SIMa'JJY REPORT, SEFTEMBER 1, 1969 - DECEOER 1 , 196?. Ki.SL-217. Jan. 1970, 410 p. The quarterly suLirary report fer the Health and Safety Laboratory Fallout PrOfcTan is presented- Separate abstracts rere prepared for the nine secticn. NSA : 24 ! 44121. 529) Heitl, K.R.; Eenle, R.C. ; Selby, J.I'. PRCI5T ITTIGBTPHY ACTION AFTER iCCIBElíT;!, EXiCSFiiE TC RADICNUCLIDES. CCKF-670521. icnoüT. Nucl. Led. Biol., No.2, 593-9, 1968. Viith the increasing use of radioisotopes in industry!, improving the capabilities for prompt mitigating action, after an accidental exposure tr radioisctopes, assures greater importance. This is true for exposure tc any radir isotcpo and especially plutcniuro, because cf its extremely lcnç life and selective deposition within the body. The steps taken by Radiation Prrtection personnel in the events of an accident during work with plutcnium pxe described and the effectiveness of such mitigating action is demonstrated. NSA : 23 : 24658. 530) Herbst, ":\ PROBLEtS f.F riivDIC/jCTIVE CPNTiJINATICN IN THE S1:HERE CF NUTRITION CCCiiSICNED BY TECHNICAL ATCÍÜC DEVELCPKEHTS. A CCWKEEBDTIC-N TO THE DISCUSSICN (.-•¥ RISKS, CONTROL, AND PROTECTION POSSIBILITIES. V. FOUNDATION AND DEVELOHIENTS IN RADIOPROTECTIVE PRACTICE, (in German). Univ., Freiburg I.B.; Vitalst. Zivilisationskr.,8: 256-6I , Dec.196?. Th3 author discussor1 the basic regulations fer radiation protection as prnraulga^ed by the International Coranission on Radiological Protection. Factors thet affect protection from radionuclides include the degree of of their biological incorporation, the extent of their introduction into food chains, the amounts of information relative to the effects contcJ. - 19? - cf incorporated radionuclides, and the legal regulations pertaining to protection cf the ;:;3nerrl population as ?;ell as those engaged in activities directly associated with U£.e of radiation and radio- nuclides. The author discusses the possibilities cf effective radiation protection by UBS cf flexible adaptation to the environ- mental Mr-sphere- NSA : 21': 22419« Holland, R.'~. PLANNING A rjSDICAL UNIT KR HANDLING GCNTAiTNuTED 1;ERS(.WS KLUfilUR A RADIATION ACCIDENT. Oak Ridge National Lab., Tenn.; Nucl. Safety, 10: 72-84. Jan.1969. Injuries sustained at the time of a radiation accident are relatively rare in the United States, but, as the use cf nuclear unergy expands, there mny be more of then. In the years since the SL-1 incident in which three workers died» there has beem much private discussion about the advisability cf constructing decontardnatien facilities at sites where radiation accidents are possible, but little has been written for publication. Ideas and recommendations are presented on the design of such a decontamination facility. These ideas were formed by both industrial medical practice at CRNL and by discussion v/ith personnel at various ether sites. NSA : 23 : 9110. 532) THE IONISING RADIATIONS (UNSEALED EADICACTIVE SUBSTANCES) REGULATIONS.1;• 1967, 31 P. Section headings are a.s fellows: Interpretation and general; administra- tion, notifications, and records; basic principles of protection; radiologics! supervision; medical supervision; arrangement of premises and plant; personal protection; organization of T/crk; monitoring and measures tc deal with contamination. Schedules are included for maximum permissible radiation doses, maximum permissible levels cf contamination and method cf assessment; classification cf radionuclides- NSA s 22 : 12862. 533) JCINT MEETING CN EXPERIENCE IN THE USE OF RADIATION PHCTECTION RULES IN NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY AND INDUSTHT, JUNE 1-3, I966. IN THE JUELICH NUCLEAR RESEARCH CENTRE, (ill German). CCNF-66O649. Sept.1966, 237 p. Twenty-seven papers discuss regulations of European countries regarding radiation protection in industries, research installations, and laboratories using radioisotopes and radiation sources and at cyclotron sites. Topics discussed include maximum permissible radiation doses; contd.....- - 194 - waste disposal; licensing procedures; ccst factors involved in radiation protection; requirements for personal dosimeters and their reliability for legally required radiation protection measurements 5 problems in calibration of radiation dosimetersi the measurement of radiation fields; the monitoring cf sealed radiation sources; special prcblens of industx'ies using radioactive materials and radiation sources; the handling of contamination incidents by industry; and international cooperation or radiation protection. NSA : 22 : 490. 534) Koalcv, V.F.5 Trrshkin, Yu.S. < ;-.,V:)IATSirNNfI .BEZOPAGNf STI. ('; 1" K m •••'J-Μ••'sicn FWTECTKN). 1967, 276 p. Qur-stions jf radiation protection provisions and the organisation zi dosimetric centreis in installations usinf radioactive materials and sources of ionizing radiation were briefly considered. Basic data en the interaction of ionizing raâiation with matter were reported; the biological effects of radiation, the level cf natural irradiatior of the huran organism, permissible radiatirn dose, dose calculation, radiation protection, and ionization, scintillation, photographic, chemical, and othor methods for the determination of ionizing radiatl. were considered. Devices for the- general and individual dosimetric control of x rsy,y,£jand neutron radiations were described. The radii.raetry of the internal contamination of the human organism and radiometry of fcases and aerosols were discussed. Methods for the calibration of radiation devices were reported. Data were given en the preparation cf radiation sources, transportation of radioactive materials, and elimination of radioactive wastes. NSA i 22 : IO779. 535) Kruglov, V.T. DECCNTAKIK/VTICN OF STTCK FARMS. PR'BLEf'S OF CIVIL DEFENSE. (In Russian; Veterinariya, Ho.2,108-11, 1968. In NSA : 24 : 6055. - 195 - 556) Lacourly, G. EADIfLCGICAL >.P.'. TECTI.N 'F THE FÜ3LIC. DISCÜSSF li '. F THE PR BLEMS Pi SEI. IKESEíff 3'LüTIiNS. FUTURE PT» SPECTS. (in French). CEA-CNF-1361. 197O, 10 p. The nrrrs riestined for protection of the public are expressed in torre f'f irrrrifiti'-n d..se lirits. The derived up; er levels may be established ca a functirn . f the receptor reeViur; .:r one or mer^ contíiirinçtirn cmv^;/in£r fr.-ris. The so levels are bound up with the environrunt r.inr! aro '• nly valid fer the site in questic n. V'hen several polluants p. re present the levels should be cc nverted into CinceSitreti'n lirits. In n^st casos the rr.clior.ctive volluticn level is very low coir-i-arc""! with the accaptancG capacity of the receptor r-odia, lor.viri-.r a v/i^o nar^in for future plants. 537) I>.nstein,j B. IS TEJiE J-.WI HTTSCTIN VSV ?JJ)I: ACTIVE C-Mia IK-ATI' N TSUTK AM) LEGE®. (In Gern.an). Vitalst. Zivilisr.ticnskr.,8: 166-7O, I963. 1 no USA : 21 » 16352. 538) ISoeller, D.V.; Goldin, A.S. EliVIP!' Kl^FWI. P7/TJSCTT'N FH ÍÍUCLE/It Al-ILIC.ITI^NS. J.Sanit. Ens. Mv. s Amer.Soc.Civil Eng. ,95: 373-85, June 1969. Current recombinations arc sumirsrizod en er.vir.nmentcl radiation protection,, and sono areas most urgently in need of further research are outlined. Arcn^ these areas are the iiaprcveir.ent and simplifica- tion of surveillance and assessment technique (especially for such nuclides as ^Kr and. tritium), development of methods for the identi- fication of radionuclides released fron specific installations cr through specific applications, formulation cf standards for waste contd. .: - 196 - control, yreparr/ticn of guides cr standards fcr use in the planning and execution of operations involving najcr radionuclide releases anrt the development cf environmental ccuntermeasures in the event of significant or unforsvon releases. Heactcr containment design is reviewed, as are cloanup procedures to toe used after an accident. Clean-up techniques, in use rr under development, include water sprays, air filtration anr1 recirculation, and feen encapsulation. Environmental surveillance under normal and accident conditions is discussed» USA : 23 : 48036. 539) Korley, P.; Bryant, F.F. BiiSIC AM) DERIVED RAEL'L' GICAL I H"TECTI'~N STAED;.iIDS FfR WE EVALUi:TL.F 'F ENVI.1TMWTAL CFNTAMIMTKN. STI-IÜB-226, CrKF-690317, International atomic Energy Agency, Vienna., 1969, PP 255-72. A review is given of the basic dose criteria for the evaluation and control of routine situations that are explicitly set cut in the recomrrendatiens of ICIu? and IAEA and that have been endorsed fcr use in the United Kingdom in the fields of radioactive waste disposal .and the transport of radioactive materials. MSA : 24 : 7828. 54P) Feufeld, J. lUDIATL'K QUALITIES ND OHEIIl SICJNIPICANCE IN HEALTH TOTSICS. Health I'hys. (iuç. 1970) v.19(2) p 253-279- 5 41) Hevs tru eve- i, ¥. A. HEP-'RTS (. N EAD - TTÍ TEOTK'N. TFTIHD EDITION. TRUDY Pi1 RADIATSK Mi I GIGIEME. 1967. Articles are incluried en the work and data obtained during +-he 10.—yr period (1957-1967) by the- Leningrad Scientific Research Institute on liadioprotection. Included are new Eethcds and instrumentation developed during this period. The effects of ionizing radiation on man exposed to chronic low-level external and internal radiation are discussed rnd the retabr.lisK, Mr lc;ji cal .-effects, and permissible doses of the fission fragments ^Oßr, 144ce, 137cs, and U are presented. The probiere of radicprotection of personnel working in proxiEit1/ of nuclear reactor, waste disposal, and effects of incorporated isotopes on immuniby ^ are discussed. Measurement methods for integral dose absorption by organs and their simulation by tissue-equivalent scintillation transducer!, in phantoms, properties of organic scintillators fera- and Y"-ray dosimetry, α-spectrometer based on series of blocks and its uses in radiobiological studies are studied. Aspects cf radiation protection contf].... - 1919?? - under conditions of the Far ITcrth during I959-I965 and the analysis 1 cf 90gr anr| 37Q3 j_n ^he environment in 196O-1966 are also considered NSA ; 23 i 4972. 542) -liver, R. Brit. J. liadi •!.(,• ul. 1970) y.43 p.497-498. In the al^oncf. of pviJionco that it is possible to dotsot at simple nodical oarxintitifna, people dec-nod normally healthy, but vjh<-> are abnormally sensitive ti r?idip.tion at f-çenèrally accepted worksr's levels, full r.:...r.!ical ox-Tinaticns have been discontinued or radiation wcrkors in f,xfcrr1 University. Bleed ccunts aro taken, but ICJíP recorarnenüntions are net used as a justification for ir.edical examina- tions purely as an employers safeguard, rather than fer the worker's protection. 543) Farkhri::enkhi.-, G.H. ; Iiopac-v, V.7. HYGIFNIC ;.NB I'HYSI'Li GlCiJ- iSIE.'.TS •' 7 JL-DIATIi'N Ki; TECTICN IN "IVI" L/BriiAlTrilKS. (In Russian). I97O,p. 287-300. The design snö opor^tirn of "hot" labcraterios involves a variety of problems regarding the radintii.n protection cf personnel. Mcdern "hot" cello rxb properly equij'ped fror, the technical point of view fer work with activities rf 1000,000 Ci or r.ore. Hmvever, msxiinun! avoidance of rndia.ti.-n hazards is possible only if one takes physiolo- gical fe.ctr.rs intr account. Stuáy cf the dosimetric characteristics of w< rkinr c~nditi<..ns ir. "hot11 laboratories has shown thft operations. pe:?forined directly inside "hot" cells entail the greatest radiation hazards tc personnel. Functional changes in the central nervous systec and the cardiovascular systen, and distortions cf various other functions, have been established in stuciies t f the physiological state and fitness for work cf personnel. Standard physiological indices for personnel are presented in the pnper. rn the basis of the results cf the work which has been dene'it is possible tc isolate and specify the basic physiological factors and tc formulate requirements vhich must be net in the design cf remote-handling equipment and in the arrangement of working areas in "hot" laboratories. 544) Prat, G.; Prossard, H.; Arnaud, G. CRITERIA LUD LEVELS >":F ACTION IH THE FIELD '-T RiLDH LOGICAL SAFETY KEASÜIÍES. (In French). Hev. Corps Sante Armees; 10: 43-9. Feb.1969, Radiation exposure of the population as a result of nuclear weapons tests and warfare and the potential exposure due to incidents at nucjec. contd..... - 198 - installations are discussed. The various means by which radioactive products can reach the hiusan body axe classified according tc origin of the radiation (nuclear tests incident, radioactive waste leakage), dispersion in the atn-sphere, waste and soil, means of entry into the foed chain (vegetable and animal ccntmninnticn), and the various p&rsnoters that determine the degree cf ccntacinr.ticn. A number of criteria fer various levels cf centanânatien, action in case of an incident, nnd subsequent curative measures, are Oiscussed. A preconceived or.crf:ency plan is stressed which would take intc account both ir-BfUctab] 3 parameters and unforeseeable events. Such a contingency ;lan c-uld bu studied on the basis cf the most serious envisaged accident :r from tho p; int of view cf ene v/hese consequejiue- would bjs most extensive. MSA : 24 : 34191. 54£ 545) PUT CESS F-.PL FLf TIDING AliTICLES 'ITH A DETACHABLE IIXTECTIVE Cf/JPIHG. French Patent 1,458,062. Sept.1965. A process is described fer providing articles such as arms, trucks, and tanks with a coating protecting then against contamination with radio- active, ,biological , cr cherical warfare materials, the coating being easily detachable from the surface of the articles, thereby entraining the contaminants possibly dep<. sitad en the surface. The process ir.v.'lves: ccverinr the surface cf the articles to be coated with a layer consisting <.f a material which facilitates the detaching of the protective coatirv; -.«.'ithout impairing its adherence, e.g. »silicones, prlyethylene-exides ano salts or esters of stearic acid; covering said layer with a second layer consisting of a salt, an alcohclate or an ester of p^lymannurcnic acid, preferably ndxed vTith an aqueous dispersion cf a synthetic rosin; snn treating the coating thus obtained with an aqueous solution of a. salt '..f a re tal v;hich forms an insoli de compound with polynannuronic seid, e.g. a salt of Ca, Al snd/cr Be. Preferably the compound cf polyn.annurcnie acid is mixed with a raterial which prevents spontaneous ion exchange, &.g., wnter-soluble salts cf poly-, pyro- and retaph sr.hcric acid rr a1 nciensaticn products cf anuncnia or urea v/ith phosphoric acic. NSA ! 23 : 38228. 546) RADIATIf N HEALTK Ã!£D SASBTY. 55o; nHS-rf-31. I97O, 15 p. 547} 7JJ)lATIiF SiJETY 1'IIÍÜAI,. rffice cf Atonic Enerf^r frr Peace, Bangkok. Dec.1968, 44 p. This Manual contains the rules artí procedures relating to radiation safety that r.re to be followed in all Thai AEC operations. These rules centd -—SÍÇiC«iílS - 21C - - 199 and procedures were prepared to Ee?t tho requirements of the Thai AEC liesep.rcV: Center, but the;/ sVuld be ro^präed as a guide fcr .ther centers in Thrilnn? working: -.vith radioisotopes. The organization cf r^/untic n saf'oty ard the rules and procedures that art tr be followed by all radiation workers at the research Center axã outlined in Section 2. The special safety aspects involved in 7,/c-rk v/ith the Thai Research ileaefcor are covered in Section 3» S?ctien 4 prcvidss for the case of fire iu radiaticn areas, and Section 5 establish*-s the basic procedures t~ be followed in an involving radiation hazards. NS.A : 2? : 29544. 548) Ii LCGICiL IffiilLTE DATA AKD iíEF.IíTS. IfflD-Vol.9, lTj.4. ltacliol. Health Data Hep. ,9: 195-242, Apr. 1966. The ccntinuin-'; surveillance activities of the Public Health Service ere reprrtod. Seiaratw abstrrcts vrer« prepared en the four sections of this report. A separate abstract vas also prepared on the summary y cf 5pe centaninatien in the envircnirent and hucan be dy burdens. All data ire presents d in (jraishic ;r tabular firm. USA J 2J : 12084. 549) Hitschrrd, rretre, S. HSFBKSiiGE LIHES: L32S1&TX "OiSTiliCES AS V liSEQuERCE fF BÜCIBAE EXPLf SI US F ;• Ali SãJEllTM) I iTJLATI-'K 7ITH 1'ISSIKG STKUCTTJRÉL ?Ii- TECT3TVE V;.TiT 2. BEFS^SiiOE DIAG^'JiS. (in Gerran). . •: et.1969, 33 p. The effects of nuclear weapons en a i.rpul'iti.".n withcut fallcut shelters are considered. Twenty-one- diagracs depict lethality curves for people in the open, in cities, and in frrests, Three cases cf explosions ere assume:!t at the surface, at 100 m altitude, and at 200n altitude. Fcr surface explosions, calculations include downwind and upwind '.iirections. USA s 24 : 12100, . 550) Robinson, S.v*.; Villfr.rth, J.C.; ".Told, G.J. EEVIE? AI© ANALYSIS CF Tu.VIVY- INCIDENTS. K(I£P-68-7. Sept.1968, 13 p. The National Center for Jcadiclogicai Health collected anc analyzed 396 ° radium incident reports as of January 1,1968. A ccepilation of incident information is presented, together with recumisenried preventive Erasures. Most cf the reported incidents^'.involved the loss of sealed .sources fron medical facilities. These losses occurred primarily during irradiation contd...... - 200 - •~f patients or during removal rf the radium from the patient. Fifty-four percent of the recoveries cf radium lost from msdioal facilities occurred in trash systems. Nc recovery wa.s made in 31 percent of all radium losses and thefts. Sudden source rapture, that resulted primarily 'from careless handling cf s>:ureas, accounted for 61 percent cf dl contamination incidents. A chronological lie-ting of radium incident reports indicates a nearly continuous increase in the frequency cf incidents. This may reflect both the increasing use .f radium up to. the 1950's and the increased likelihood cf incidents being reported to health agencies within the last few years. NSA ; 23 : 9934» 551) SHIELDING If, NUCLEI EITGIMEEKE3G. C'LLECTinT ÍF ÍÜTTCLES (SELECTED ARTICLES). AD-662586, FTD-HT-66-691; TT-7OOO445-449« 51 p. Five GJticlss are included with the fallowing titles: The role of Prctective Shielding in Hadiatirn Safety Systems, Use cf Sheets Tdth an Adhesive Layer as Protective Coating Against Hacicactive Contamination, Investigation of f r;-:anic Coating Materials for Prctective Coating from Radioactive Contaminations, the Application cf Epoxy Ccatings for Prc'tection of Metallic and Concrete Surfaces, and Meters and Dosimeters fcr Study of Protection and the Prctective Properties of Materials. NSA : 22 : 15OO3. 552) Snow, D.L. STANDARDS NEEDS Hi C'^HTJMLING PJJ)IATI.li EXP SÜ5B < F TBE PUBLIC. Amer. J. Public Health (Feb.19?0) v.60 p. 243-249« 553) Strauss, S.D. BADirACTIVITY: BUTtUEK HTli A FCN. Power, 113: No.10, 66-9, The adequacy cf present AEC health and safety standards on the release <~f radioactive gases and liquids from nuclear power plants is questioned. The standards are discussed briefly. To date environmental contamination from nuclear stati'ns has been well belcw safety hazard levels, but whether even this low level -f contamination is permissible is pondered. NSA : 24 : 326. - 2Ci - 554) Sykcs, M.; Gaskill, J.H. SAFETY IN ELt • HING AND c THSTi ^ALKJAY SURFACES. UCHL-70720, C IlP-671020-1 , California Univ., Livermore, Let.1967, 13 P' Safety in flooring and ether walkway surfaces v/as studied in relation to the following types of safety hazards: mechanical, including slips, trips and falls; ccntsnination, beth cherical and radicactive; fire and explosion, and electrical. iiecoEinendf.tic.ns are nade for the design, selection cf racterials, and maintenance of walkways to meet the safety requirements cf particular installations. NSA : 22 : 2278. 555) Voit, £. INSTRUCTION CF AUXILIAI! PEItS-: NK3L YORKERS IK AI£EÜS EXP SED TC RABE ATI'- :• CLEANUP '"FKRAÜ'I.'.NS IN IS'. T- FE LA» RATi SI ES. (in Hungarian). Atoctech. Taj«k.,10: 527-51, 1967. In view cf the over-increasing nureber rf employees in labcratcries thax we rk with radioactive n&terials, special attention isust be devoted tc the protection of auxiliary personnel, such as chauffeurs, craftsmen» and technicians who d^ net possess advanced technical knowledge, '^her- is nc need tc £;ive then ä et piled instruction in the physical picbleos involved in the interaction cf radiation with matter. The basic principles of protection against radiati-.n nust be ecphasized: increase if tho 'listance betv;een the radiation scurce end the V7orker; placemem; cf a shiel's between then, and reductic-n cf the âuratien of the exposure. The syllabus should be indicated in the persi.nnel folder of the workers who should be askeo tc sign it. rorscnnel engaged in cleanup, and janitorial activities are especially exposed tc- the risk of centandna- ticn; the supervisors nust be resvonsible f r the enfereecent of administrative safeguerds and for carrying- out the necessary deccntaaini. tion and cleanup operations. Dust rencval and '.?ex decontamination methods ar-e reviewed. NSA : 22 : 28493, 556) Yychytil, l>. HADIATICN Fv. TECTICN AS A CC BTEKPi RlJH FE BL3.Í ( ? MBICINE. (in Gfenaan), SuciKary Report. INIS-Ef-39. April 1969. p 9-10. According to the circumstances of a nuclear accident the possibilities cf radiation damage en can is estimated. This Í3 divided into 1: genetic damage: (a) genetic mutation (b) chroiaoson abberation. 2: somatic damages (a) combustion (b) reduction of growth (c) derease of virility (d) leucenda and (e) carcincme and sarkoice. Radiation exposure is possible by inhalation, nigastion, and submersion« The most dangerous radionuclides ara scored. 557) Wells , H. SURFACE C.'í3!IIíG3 IN ATC.HIC ENEHGY INSTALIATü NS. J. ' il Ctlour Chea. ASS.5 48: 76-86 (1965). Paints and ether protective surface coatings used in atomic energy installations arc- discussed under three headings: surface coating for ccntaraioctod areas, surface coatings exposed to high level radiation, «-nd surface, costings cc replying to so-called me tal -free and clean cnditii-ns. Reasons fer applying decentaffiLnable coatings :\TC str.tsd, ir.fcrirnticn is /riven on the types cf contamination that can exist, and j.-stulr.ticns are made «n the Biechanitins of contamination. Certain types cf surface coaiings thfit have shev/n excellent resistance to contarinstii-n are mentioned. The effects of high-level radiation en surface coatings are considered. The use cf suitable pigments and chlorinated rubber beses in paints is discussed. The importance of solvent ba.1ar.ee in paint production is also D.enti NS s 20 : 23395- 558) Yasunaka, H.; Ashikp.A*sya, Y. i -T ?I TECTECTIVE CL?THING BY FÜLL AUTCMÜTIC CLCSED SYSTEt17. CLEiiHIi5G 1ÍACHIUE. (In Japanese). Japan Atomic Energy Research Inst., Tokyo, Hoken Butsuri, 3: 348-51, Sept.1968. For radiological safety and effective dece ntaminatioa of RI protective clothing, washing by fully automatic clcsed system lanndry cleaning machines is adequate. In order tc decontaminate RI protective clothing (cotton cloth) by Ecrnomat, coionercial laundry cleaning rachinçj various conditional examinations, were carried cut and the program of washing procedure was obtained. This program can be applied to ether types cf laundry cleaning machines when suitable modification is dene. MSA : 23 t 996O. - 205 - XVII.SCIl. 559) CLEANSIKG AGENTS FR HJÍJFYIH& SURFACES Cf NT-3ÍINA?BD BY RADICACTIVE FATEEIALS. French Patent 1,303,673- Aug.1962. Particulate cr fluid radioactive material can "be removed from a surface by applying a liquid agent, corhsinicg a filmfcrcing material (preferably natural India-rubfcor latex) and a detergent, ana subsequently stri?" ia? the formet' flexible film iron the surface. Several conp'. siti .RF FX NSA : 21 : 36619. 56O) Der Stfi-ct, E,van.; Ga/:licne, P.; 3ortcli, l-. EVALÜATI R 1 F TE3 C* FTAMI^iTI: li • F GRASS AND KLLX DUE I'- 137Cs ll! PALIAUT. (In Italian).' G. Fis. Sanit. Prct-äz. Radiaz., 1970, v.14(2) p.55-60. 13" An improved met'hr-d is described for correlating the Cs concentration in grass and r.ilk with the auf. unt '-f the radionuclide deposited during the growing season and vfith the curuletive deposit on the soil. The correlation equation used is cf tfcu v;ell knewn type z = ax + by and the imprcvenent consists in the choice of the deposition values and , particularly, of the cumulative d-jpesit. The latter is corrected each yesr by a decreasing factor (0.60), and the correlation thus obtained with the data cf fallout centamination in the zone surrounding the Euratom. 561) Karaban, n.T.; Tikhcminov, F.A. INFLUENCE <"F ILVDI-' ACTIVE C' FrAKEN/.TK' N CF THE SflL iN PINE AND SIHÜCE SEEDINGS. (in Russian). Inst.of Applied Geophysics, !,:cscc.-w, Radirbiclogiya, 7: 275-80, 1967« Seedling's cf pine (pinus silvertris) and sprues &ricea excelsa) in boxes were artificially contaminated with Sr-90 + Y-90 solution at levels cf 0.3, 2.6, and 5*2 μ^zm and placed in natural conditions for twe years, after which the boxes were removed. At contamination levels above 2pCi the growth cf the seedlings was noticeably depressed in the second year; some of the upper roots died and the lower, less contaminated., ?:oots grew more intensively. Spruce needles accumulated the radioisotopes ten times mere strongly than pine needles. ISA : 21' : 34617- 562) Kathren, E.L. TC'VAEDS IMTERIK ACCEPTABLE SURFACE C: BTJ3ÍIN.AII'' N LEVELS H R EMIR'MENTAL PuO2. BNVJL-SA-1510. Key 1968, 16 ?. The physical, and biological factors pertinent to the establishment of acceptable surface contara nation levels for environmental 239puÜ2 are- discussed. The actual field ncar.urenients c.f these levels rare omitted as well as discussion of the economic, social, pliychclogical, and other intangible factors. A brief analysis from a series accident involving' the re-lease of 239pu is presented. NBA : 22 i 51562. 563) Mode, E.V. RÄDF L( GICAL S<~IL ANALYSIS: lACIFIC, Nf'TELBSH 1952. UCLA-12-654, Califórnia Univ., Lcs Angeles, Sept.1967, 23 p. Soil sar.pler-1 were collected from several Pacific Islands in Eniwetok Atoll in Ncvenber, 19r)2 by Lr.uren R. Donaldson and his .jroup from the University of T7asr.in«:*A n Applied Fishirios Laboratory. Microscopic and rnrticloffical exairán?ticn revealed that the contamination of the s-il was not present as discreto particulate material that could be isclatoC, but rathor vr..c cdsorbecl on cr occluded in the soil particles in all size fractions. Further analysis with an ion exchange resin column indicated that the specific radioisotopes present in the soil included these radioisotopes normally occurring in fallout of continental origin. Some induced activity m?y have been present. N3A : 22 : 495. 564) Reissigf H. THE MAXIMUM EEHÄISSIBLE CCNTJfcllLäTirK '..F THE SCIL YÍITH 9°Sr. (in German) Institut fue Bodenkunde and Standortslehre, Dresden., Wiss.Z. Tech. Hochsch. Dresden, 10: 395-403, I96I. Maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) of Sr were evalua.ted for several soil types. The values •vere based on the MPC of " Sr for> the human skeleton and on data for discrimination between Sr and Ca during passage from seil to man. Several factors that affect the 9°sr concentration of soil were'discussed. These included relations of 9°gr in soil and the turnover of 9°sr »ad. Ca in soils, the passage of 9°sr fron soils by way of plants and milk to the human skeleton, evaluation of UPC of 90Sr in soils, the effects of the retention of 90gr on the plant leaf surfaces or cuticles on its ITC, proportionality factors fer calculation of 90gr contamination in plants and milk, and the possible effects of agronomical procedures on the MPC of 9°Sx. Generally, the decrease cf activity in soil takes piece primarily only contd..... - 205 by way cf physical decay. Since the physical decay of Sr is slow compared tc can's lifetime, other additional measures would be required to reduce concentrations of 90gr ±fí soils, plants, or milk. This TOuld require addition of K icn3 to soil, incorporation cf Ca compounds in cattle fodder, or removal of 90sr fron nilk by ion exchangers. NSA ; 21 : 16553- _ 565) Tanplin, A.IZ. :.rN • F THE HAXIMM D; SAGE T- K/JÍ PR. K TKS FALL'.UT ••¥ MJCLEAä DEVICES. I. ESTIM/TI' K • F THE J'AXIMüii C-' MTAKIKkTI N - P AGRICULTUIUI LAND. UCEL-50163 (I't.l). Jan. 1967, 28 p. A semi-empirical approach toward estirro.ting the maximum cont and nation of agricultural land by radionucliries produced by nuclear devices is presented. It is based upon the iraxifram fallcut levels observed subsequent t<- all previous tests of nuclear devices and applies tc clcufl travel virces or fallout arrival times ranging from 1oto 50 hr and beyond. USA : 21 s 20185. 566) Aurand, K.; Eehrens, H. THE EVAÍ'"IÍAT- Tl C( LLECT; H, A SUItLE iüI'iJüiTÜS F- R C MTINUvUS \TL1ll SniüLT/líE- US Cf KCEKTPaVTL' N •• F THE SAf-TLE. (in German). Atonikernenergie, 8: 304-6 (July-Aug.1965). A description is given of a srinple apparatus for continuous sampling cf tap vrnter Tslth sinjultanecus automatic evaporation. That apparatus is concentrating several hundred liters cf water in a flask. The concentrated sample in the flask can be forwarded by mail in a special bcx for investigation. That process allows tc detect directly radionuclides in concentrations of about 0.1 pCi/i according the radionuclide and partly lower concentrations, by direct•/-spectroscopy cf the concentrated sample. NSA % 20 ; 1757- . ' 567) Aurand, Z.5 Behrens, H. FBEFÀHATIf N iP REPRESENTATIVE MIXED. SAMPLES rF TAP "LTER uTTH A SIMPLE C( STINÜ!' US SAMPLING DEVICE, (in German). ,-Inff., 8; 1-2 (1965). A simple device for the continuous sampling cf tap water was described. The device makes it possible to obtain average samples at selected time intervals, from which the amount of radioactive material present in the contd..... - 2O6 - water and delivered to the population can be determined. Such investigations render possible a consistent monitoring of the water for radioactive materials fcr the protection of the population. NSA : 20 : 39218. 568) Baetsle, L.H.; De Liiguna, W.; Scuffrias, J. REMEDIAL ACTI' 335 IN-CASE <.F GB UNDWATER CC MTAMHi/iTI-. N IP SANDY AQUIFERS. Final liepcrt. EUR-4O95. Aug.1968, 54 p. The removal of non-a.clS'-rbed radioactive contamination froin the under- ground by jumping, caller! "scavenging", follows the classical pattern of pumping from a weter table under the condition that the two layers with permeabilities 1.12 cip/min and O.56 cm/min and their respective thicknesses ara considered. By injecting HF e,nd K2H2Sb20"7 into the aquifer a cherd.cal barrier is formed which is specific for Sr tests on the penetration of reagents tagged with °^Br into the aquifer have indicated that 1.5 tc 2 void volumes are sufficient in order to replace all the interstitial fluid by reagent. Zones with different permeability have to be treated separately. The delay coefficient of the chemical barrier installed in the water table aquifer at Mel amounts to 20, i.e., the Sr inoves twenty times slower than the groundwater. NSA : 23 : 15855- 569) Baumgaertel, F. STUDIES • F TEE AÍH.ICATI'" N .'F YAliL'US MET» DS ¥• li DEC.'MAIilNi'iTL N (F , lUDK ACTIVE RESEIiV*' IR 7ATER IN A HIGH FüISR FAST FILTER.SYSTEM. Brunswick, Technische Hochschule, 1964» 76 p. Various methods for water decontamination are compared in regard to their application for high fliw rate fast-filter decontamination. Decontamination factor? with precipitation were lower than 50$ for Sr nuclides. A combination cf a sand filter with an ion exchanger is proposed giving a decent ami nation factor larger than S9.E$>. NSA : 20 : 4O484. 570) Belitskii, A.S. ; f.rlcva, E.I, F?i'.TECTK N ' F GR'UND VATERS FRCM RADF ACTIVE C< NTAKINATItN. Moscow, Izr3atel'stvo Meditsina, I968, 2C8 p. The protection of ground waters from radioactive contamination is discussed. Possible methods of radioactive contamination of water- bearing formations and the principal factors which determine the movement cf radioactive materials in ground waters are considered. Undesirable consequences caused by the contamination of ground waters contd...... •7 _ can be eliminate if the necessary conditions are observed in the disposal cf radioactive- wastes. It is necessary to take these conditions into account in order tc estimate the nigration cf radioactive materials in ground waters. USA : 23 : 55524. 571) Belyaev, V.I.j Xdosnikov, A.G.; iieiepo, B.A. DETEHMINATH N rv THE IÍATE • F TiADB ACTIVE C' FOÍMINATIC N iF THE BLACK SEA. (in Russian). Ci"IIF-66O5O7-14 » Vienna, International Ate nie Energy Agency, Preprint SI'-72/22. 19669 20 p. In 1964 extensive research was begun on the radioactivity of the waters cf the Black Sea fror, the surface tc the bottom. Results of ° Sr dstonninrtion shewed that the ccncentraticn exceed those in the Atlantic icean. The 3epth distribution ^f -'Sr indicates considerably penetration .'f the radie nuclide tc the very lowest depths. In the Bosphorus area tho s;.'tvcifio "LSr activity recorded at tho bottom exceeded that on the surface. Ftllcvdnp' the detection cf S^Sr nt ,~reat depths calculations were made of its rate of diffusion from iho surface towards the bottom. For this the turbulent diffusion equatic, n v;as used in its usual form, i.e., talcing account of the fact that vertical transport occurs as a resalt both cf turbulent diffusion and cf the vertical ceraponents of the mean curront sr.ecds, with the effects of " Sr decay and absorption NSA : 20 : 43539- 572) Bernhardt, E. ; Hartmann, H.j Baurjgaertel, F. POSSIBILITIES >I EECi'lTTÄ/INATI. II • F VfATEES ÜITE Rat ID ?T:LTRÍ;TICN FLAMS, (in German). VomVfasser, 29: 341 --/.|17 (1962). α-rc Ctídures £cr parificaticn of r£>.'ii«:aßtivit.y contaminated water in, Germany h-j neans cf rapid filtration equipment that is applicable for large amounts of water (flow rat^s of 1000 EK/IIT) are reviewed. < s These ro-jthods include (l) chemical procedures, such as flocculation • with Al salts, Fe tifvlts, Fe or Al salts with adöed clays, Kn salts» or organic polyelectrolytes, phosphate precipitation, Na cai'bonate softening; (II) exchange procedures with inorganic naturally occurring - 208 ion exchangers, organic, naturally occurring ion exchangers, or synthetic organic ion exchangers; (III) physicochemical procedures, ouch as slectroionic separation on metal particles or Pe chips; (iv) biological procedures, such a?, slow filtration through sand, activated sludge processes, or filtsr percolation proceJures; and (V) physical procedures, such as electrodialysis or distillation. The chemical procedures are the most adaptable but their effects are limited, and within certain limitations, inorganic naturally occurring ion exchangers or the physicocherni'cal procedures are very suitable for purification of contaminated waters. Slow filtration through sand is very rarely used because it has limited decontamination effect. In large waterworks, activated sludge processes and filter percolation procedures are impractical. 87 references are cited. NSA : 20 : 45831. 573) Bovard, P.; Grauby, A. APPARATES FOR THE RADIOACTIVE iDECONTMINATIOlT OF WATER. U.S. Patent 3,405,050. Oct.1968, A portable apparatus for decontamination of drinking water consists of a stacked array of filters contained in a closeable generally cylindrical housing arid arranged between a water inlet tank and an outlet duct. A top inert filter is made up of a natural soil, such as talc, bentonite, or verrciculite confined between a pair of rigid serr.i-permeable plastic membrane. An electronic filter system is positioned below this natural soil filter and above a second inert filter similar in design to the first, but comprised of a mixture of diatoinics, ion-exchange resins, or activated charcoal. A bacterial filter or SOMA means of adding an appropriate disinfectant to the; water before its discharge is arranged below the second inert filter. USA ! 23 : 12091 . 574) Bovard, P.; Grauby, A. APPARATUS FOR RADIOACTIVE DECOiffll-Iil.TION OF WJJEER. Canadian Patent 744,352. Oct.1966. Filtration using the properties of certain porous media for removing tha radioactive elements and electrolysis to isolate substances not retained by filtrr.tion are the methods used i>.: this separation. The device is portable in the form of a col:-:in and handles about one liter per hour for a minimum- of ten days before cleaning or renewal of the filters is needed. Clays, resins or activated carbon constitute the porous materials, is. bacterial filter may be added if required. NSA : 21 : 6542. '• mam 575) DATA. SECT I3T. WATER. Radiol. Health Data Rep., Mar.1970, v.11 p.153-155» Data are presented on gross a andßactivity in samples of surface water, treated water, and ground water collected at various locations throughout Florida during 1968. 576) DATA. SECTION II. ' Radiol. Heal-ch Data Rop., Fob. 19?0, v 11. p.e^-64. Data are presented on grossa andß activity in water supplies sampler! at a number of locations in Alaska during I968 and 19^9 577) Denham, D.H. RADIOLOGICAL STATUS PF THE GROUND Y/.-'.TER 3ENSL.TH TEE HANFORD PROJECT, JANUARY-JUNE BNWL-123J. Nov. 1969» 20 p. An evaluation of data collected during the first six months of 1969 on ground water containination resulting from the disposal of Hanford Project plant effluents is presented. The 10°Ru and \l concentrations measured in the unconfined ground water showed that the zones of detectable contamination extend in a southeasterly direction from 200-E (chemical processing) Area as observed in the past. The few locations from which ground water nar.plcs exceeded the concentration guides (CG) for 1Of%i -were all within either the 200-E or 200-W (chemical processing) Areas. None of the ground water from these contaminated areas is being consumed by humans or is used for irrigation or consumption by cattle. USA ! 24 : 76O9. 578) Fedorov, A.F. BIOLOGICAL INDICATION OF FEAX RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINATION OF SEA WATER» AEC--tr-6b41, pp 115-20. Translated from Radioaktivnaya Zagryaznennost1 Morei i Okeanov, Izdatel'stvo Nauka, Moscow, 19&4» A method is presented for determining radioactivity of sea water by finding the radioactivity in a planktonic sample taken from a known volume of water. It was decided that the Copopod Cal anus finmaro^icus was an effective biological indicator for northern seas. Experimental verification with various isotopes showed that with Calanus a cct)-jami nation within the limits of 4*0 x 10 to 4*0 x 10~7 Ci/i mgy be detected. Preliminary investigations on the development of a method for the biological indication of radioactive contamination of the North Cape current showed that it is possible to use the large krill Me^anyctiphanes norveffica. N3A : 21 ! 8808. - 21C - 579) Frank, VT.H.; Hagel, G.V. INVESTIGATIONS OF TEE DECONTAMCNATION EFFICIENCY OF SIÁF SAND FILTER ACTION IN GR0UH3 WATER RECHARGE. Gas - Wasserfcch, !O5s 1400-3, Dec.1964é Fission products fron fallout can bo removed tc the extent of 75 to 9% by artificiei ground recharge if the final seepage of the surface '.vater is preceded by filtration. The degree of decontamination depends on the degieo of natural water activity. About 99$ of the radionuclides, whicn can bs eliminated free tha surface water by slow filtration, are stepped in the upper 5 cm of a sand filter layer. The 2-stage slow filtration possesses a higher average efficiency for radioactive iisaion product mixtures that can be obtained by hydroxide precipitation vdth the use of Fe and Al salts and subsequent rapid sand filtration. MSA s 20 : 43522. 580) Frank, W.H. ; Von Hep-], G.; Busch, E. STUDIES ON THE PENETRATION OF RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES FROM FALLOUT INTO GROUBDWATER. (in German). Gas-v/asserfach, 105: 254-9, 1964. Penetration of radioactive fallout into groundwater was studied for several yr by roans of catchnent basins containing four types of fill, including an alpine seil, soil from the Ruhr Valley, and loess. A 50-CIB layer of gravel was used as a base in each basin. Groundwater could be removed from this layer T/ithcut disturbing the soil overlay. •Water was withdrawn only if it amounted tc 50° KSI or water. Factors studied included the relation between rainfall and. groundwater activity, relation between runoff activity and quantity of water that had percolated through the seil, relation of the residual activity of the groundwater to the type of soil profile, study of the depth of penetration of fissicn products into the soils, and identification of the free and bound p.ctiiãties. The total p activity in rain and groundwater decreased slowly after cessation of atmospheric atomic bomb tests. Variations in groundwater activity were less pronounced than in rain. The groundwater from the alpine seil had the greatest activities, and the groundwater from the loess lied the least. Activities cf the groundwater were diluted by increased rainfall. The soils hehaved as high capacity ion exchangers. Much of the activity was due to the K contained in it. Fallout particles did not penetrate farther than the first crt of the soil surface. ISA : 21 ! 190. 581) Pall-Dippold, A, THE RADIOACTIVITY OF SOME SURFACE WATERS OF HIWGARY. CONF-66O948-VCI.2, 1966, pp 131-5. contd. I - 21t - During the radiological check of the surface waters in Hungary, it was established that, generally speaking, the rivers entering the country did not carry any objectionable anount of radioactive material during the I963 tc 1965 period, except for a single stream. Some increase in the activity of the surface waters was observed during 1963 to I964, however the activity of most surface waters showed marked decrease in 1965« According to the investigations accomplished so fs.r the waste waters of the few country towns in which open isotcpic preparations are used do net endanger surface waters. USA : 21 : 28503. 582) G-uinn, V.P.; Bellanca, S.C. NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS IDENTIFICATION OF THE SOURCE OF OIL POLLUTION OF T7ÀTEE7AYS . CONF-681005-(VO1.1). 1969, pp 93-7. A method is described for determining the origin of a given pollution event in which freshwater, brackish water or sea-water is polluted, accidentally or intentionally, by heavy oil. A summary of the nature and importance of the oil pollution problem is presented. Sixteen different marine fuel oils were analyzed by neutron activation analysis, and their V, Mn, Na, Cò, Sb, As, Cp, and Zn concentration levels are compared. The prolonged effects of seawater on these trace-element concentrations were explored. NSA : 24 : 113» 583) Hornef, H.; Wagner, H. WATER PROTECTION AND ENERGY PRODUCTION, (in German). Gas-Wasserfach, 109: 1457-6. Dec.1968. The increasing contribution of nuclear power stations to energy supplies brings problems of water protection, since many of the power stations will be built on rivers. For a nuclear station of 600 MSfe, up to'SO m? of water may be required for cooling. Precautionary actions necessary are planning of sites with consideration for the . security of the population's consumed water; consideration of present and future uses of the water supply in economic, legal, and health viewpoints; prevention or decrease of heating of water through introduction of the cooling or ether waters from within the plant; and increasing the self-purification and improvement of the state of the water through artificial aeration. Solutions to these problems must be found by joint exploration of the water economy and the power economy. NSA s 23 f 38O96. . - •;*« - 212 - 584) Kirchmann, R. 58 COHTüMEATION OF TtT, BIOSPHERE BY ARTIFICI/iL RADIOELEMENTS, (in French). BLG-557» Ann.Gerrbloux, 70s 215-23. 1964- The fission products released by nuclear detonations constitute a potential hazard fron the biological point cf view. The various sources cf contamination are mentioned and discussed. Examples, ârp.vm fron: tht litsrature, cf the levels of contanination of beings living in w-vter (marine and fresh writer) are given. In the contamination cf the. terrestrial environment by the radioactive fallout, the role of the soil and the two mechanisms that influence the contaninaticn cf terrestrial plants are especially important. Sons factors influencing the transfer of the fission products in the food chains are mentioned. 589 ESA : 20 : 43596.. Lat.'F.Grs, 17.T. BIOPHYSICAL LIM( LOGY: THE ASSESSMENT OF LOW-LEVEL CONTAMINANTS III NATURAL '.'ATER. E-L-6131 , COi^F-670506-1, Feb. 1967, 24 P • Qualitative and quantitative fractionation of water borne particles using centrifugal techniques ié described. Two basic fractionation schemes were designed. This schere v;as used in studies on the extent and nature of viral contamination cf natural water. The identity and numbers of specific bacteriophage infecting three host species of bacteria are oatercined by plaque assay. Significant changes in human population numbers and seasonal changes were reflected in 590' bacteriophage population numbers. Electron microscope examinations of virus particles revealed two classes of particles. NSA : 21 : 22409. 586). Ljunggren, K. NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES FOE ^ATER POLLUTION CONTBOL IN SWEDEN. CONF-68O6OI. Trans. Aiser. Nucl. Sec,11: 50, June 1968. NSA : 22 : 30777. 587) Lyarskij, P.P.: Pavlcvskeya, K.A.; Petushkcv, A.A.; Zel'tser, M.R.j Prcvotorov, A.V.; Makeeva, L.G. SUBSTAWTIATION OF THE MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATION OF 2?2Th AND OF IÍÔTÜRJSL THORIUM IN DRINKING Y7ATÉR. (in Russian). 591) Gig. Sanit. (Jul.1970) (no.7) p.46-51. - 213 - 588) Minikos, N.; Dcuvcyiannis, J. CONTAMINATION OP :7;TERS DT ATHENS BY LONG-LIVED ISOTOPES. (In Greek). Cfcim. Chrow. (Athens, Greece), 3'IA: 77-80, I966. The content cf lcng-livec! radioisotopes, i.e., Sr, Cs, and Ce, 592) in the raters of Lake Marathon and the city of Athens are presented for the period November, 1964 to October 19^5- A statistical analysis cf the- fluctuations observed in the values obtained indicated that the radioelements were not removed by purification procedures; the values obtained were less than maximum permissible concentration. NSA : 22 : 21504- 539) Oesterdahl, B. AN INVESTIGATION REGARDING THE RADIOLYTIC GAS RELEASE DURING STORAGE OF PLUTONPW CONTAINING MiLTERLiS. (in Swedish). IX)A-4-4419-í4. Tíar.1970, 9 P. t.'ater solutions ccntaining Plutonium evolve gas caused by a radiolysis ci v/ate-r in presence of alpha radiation from Plutonium. The gas yield varies depending on different ether ions snd irclecules present in the solution. The number cf possible reactions in a solution that may not be a very simple ccmx>cund, are so great that a theoretical calculation 593; is very complicated. Some experimental works are reviewed. It was found that the amount of gases evolving from radiolysis is a potential Lazard when sealed containers are used. 590) Hegers, M.H.; Kaplan, A.I/:. FEASIBILITY STTTDT OF A FILTRATION UNIT FCR THE REMOVAL BY THE INDIVIDUAL OF CBR AGEIWS FROM WATER, June 1961, 38 p. The feasibility of developing a small filtration unit for an individual tc remove CBP. agents from his water supply was studied. A literature search indicated.that laboratory and engineering studies have established the principles by which all three agents can be effectively removed from contaminated water. These methods include chlorination, sedimentation, coagulatiin, deminoralizaticn, and filtration. A simple filtration unit capable of removing or reducing the CBR agents in water to a safe level is considered feasible and could be used by the individual under 594 emergency conditions to treat water supplies. NSA : 20 : 2072. 591) Schnabl, H. EVALUATION OF TIE RADIOACTIVITY IN DRINKING ¥ATER. (in German) Phys. Bl.; 21: 511-13« (N0V.I965). contd, 214' - Techniques to be followed in evaluating the radiocontamination of drinking water are briefly outlined. N3A : 20 : 18615- 592) Schultz, N.B. REMOV; L OF LOW-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE PASTES BY A SANITARY TÍATER THSATMENT PROCESS. K-1651, Apr. 1966, 13p. The cleanup factors that were obtained across a portable water treatment plant using normal treatment nethods are reported; the average gross beta radioactivity was reduced by 15$ and the strontium beta concentrations by 6fo, A summary and evaluation of six months data obtained irc-in daily field samples of the raw water sapply, as well as the finished water product, is included. Sample analysis included determinations for gross beta radioactivity and radiostrontium. The raw water radioactivity ccncentrations were less than 2jfo of the maximum permissible ccncentrations in water recommended by the National Comirittee on Radiation Protection. NSA ! 20 : 22512. 593) Steed, F.". GROüNDiiTER CONTAMINATION. CONF-690312. I97O, pp 2O5-2O. The effects of underground nuclear explosions on ground water contamination are reviewed toy considering radioisotopes of biological significance, the initial distribution around the point of explosion, and the transport cf radioisotopes by ground waters. Studies conducted by the USAEC to determine the amount and distribution of radioisotopes in the hydrclcgic environment are the basis for this yiew. A method for calculating the initial distribution of biologically significant radioisotopes around a large underground nuclear explosion is presented. It is concluded that beyond moderate distances, ground water flows are not radically chc.nged by an underground nuclear explosion. NSA : 24 : 27270. 594) Szabo, A.; Bratu, C; Matlie, T.; Bor-sanylf A- INSTALLATION FOR AUTOKfiTIC DETECTION OF RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINATION OF DRINKING WATER AND "ÍASTE WATERS, (in French). IFA-IS-45. 1967, . 9 p. AU automatic radiometric installation is described. With the installation, the drinking water source of a community can be automatical?!^ assured against accidental contamination. It will signal tfhe contamination of contd...... - £15 - residual waters which flew into natural water basins. The apparatus can be rxanted at the reservoirs of the pumping stations. The variations in the- radiation intensity of the controlled waters are detected by a battery of G-M counters installed in series. MSA : 22 : IO615. 595) Telitchenko, :'?.M.; Titncfeeva, L.A. ED9NTATE AÍJODONTA COMPLANATA AS INDICATORS CP ^ATEil CONTAMINATION BY CERIUM, RUTHENIUM, AMD CESIUM RADIOISOTOPES, (in Russian). Moscow State Univ., Bid. Nauki, Wo.6, 58-61. I969. The well-known capacity of certain varieties of marine and fresh-water life to accur.ulfite sne! retain wrvter-contsndnating radioisotopes prompted experiments to determine the possibility of using inolluscs as indicators of water ccniandnatiori by ^^^0et ^37cs, and ^^liu.. Half-.~rcv7n Mcllusca were gathered iron waters in the Moscow area. ^clutd • n.'-i of th.-; radioisotopes in the ferr of chlorides were prepared in thõ bcttv.rc waters oi a conduit, pcux-ei into two-liter crystallizers, kept for three days, and six of the Mossusca were placed in each of the solutions. Periodically they ware removed from the solutions, and separate parts of the body processed 0 determine their radioisotope contont. The experiments definetely proved that Anodonta coaplanata accumulate and firnly retain ^44CÕ, 137C3, and ^%u in measurable quantities with relative rapidity. A basis is thus provided for reccrrending their usv. as indicators of water contamination by the above radioisotopes. NSA : 24 J 4592. 596) Vekhov, SJP.; Sokolova, N.F. HOT TC PURIFY AMD TO DISIKPECT -TATEEI \/ITH THE SH5PIEST MEANS. JFRS-3478, TT-66-3IOI8. 1965, 21 p. Translated from pp 1-24 of Kale Gchistit'i Obezzarazit'Vodu s Ponoshch'yu Prcsteyshikh Sredstv, Meditsina Publishing Ecuse, Moscow. The contamination, protection, and purification of water supplies in the eveat of mass-attack, which includes nuclear, chemical, and bacteriological forms of weapons, are discussed. Reagents, sorbent and ether materials used for the purification of water are listed. MSA : 20 : 23382. 5S7) \71odek, St. PRELIMINARY RESEARCH ON THE MIGRATION OF 137' -" Cf s IN THE FCCD CHAIN: VATER-PLANT-yOLLUSK-FISE. (In French). aP-16594. Aug.1965, 17 p. ' contd. - 21« - Laboratory and in situ studies were made of the relation between the level of ^7çs radioactivity in water, plants, mollusks, and fish. In the presence of very low quantities, the mollusks, Linnaea ovata, accumulate approximately 12 times as much as plants. In the presence of Cs quantities much larger than those resulting fron fallout in an ecosyetem the radioactivity level caused by '3'cs in the mollusks increases comparatively slowly. The ratio between the contamination level of the plants an/i the contamination level of mollusks nourished by these planta^is modified radically as the mollusks are contaminated only one-fifth as much as the plants. - USA. : 21 : 22367. V APPENDIX 598) Vohra, K.G; Bhatnagar, V S; Ifiishra, U.C.; Ha^upathy, S. MEASURfiMSiJT OF CriSSIUIi-137 ET "'IHK. Health Phys., 6: 142-8 (Oct.1961). Samples of liquid milk from Bombay and U'e,Tty--seven other stations in India, and imported powder milk from Australia, Denmark, Holland, U.K., and the United States were aiaasuroti for their cesium-137 and potassium-40 contents. The average ceniun-137 content of Bombay ailk was 9.38 uuc per g potassium for the year 1958, 18.26 uuc per g of potassium for 1959, and 14-71 iric/g potassium for the first 2 months of 1960. The increase in tne average level of cesium -137 by a factor of 2 during 1959 was attributed to the accelerated fall- out rate following the large number of tosts conducted during the autumn of 1958. ^he cesiuni-137 confcent -In the Australian powder milk was found to be about the same and in the European powder milk about two or three times that in the Indien powder milk. There are large variations in the levels of cesiun-137 in different samples from India including Gangtok (Sikkiu Str.te). The values range from 2.79 to 159.9 -xxc per g of potassium, the highest value being for Gangtok. NSA : 16 : 10321 599) Deshpande, A.3.; Vohra, K G. . ACTIVITY OF ^HE 'iOOD o ÍLJó I.Í LDIA AliTKEt ^HE AUTUMN 1961 OF HUCIEJB '«VÜLPIÍJ AEST/AM/32. 1963, 20p. After the resumption of nuclear weapon tests in September, 1961 several samples of foods, including ve.sotnblef!» milk, fruits', grains and composite meals were studied for tfceir radioactive content. The measurements were made using a low-level gaema-ray scintillation spectrometer. Several freshly produced short lived fission products were identified in the gamtra spectra of these samples. Quantitative estimation of some of the important short lived »fission products was carried out. The data on the fission pnducts(Zr-95 + Nb-95), Ce-14is Ce-144, Ru-103, Hu-106, and Cs-137 in varioI.;J uançles are presented. Data on gross gamma activity of the aauplos and the gamma activity due to natural potassium are also presented. The fission products (Zr-95 + Nb-95) contribute about 25?i of the total activity' in fresh fallout and the other fission products givoa above together contri/iut' another 25/k of the activity in fresh fallout. The maximum level of (Zr-95 + Hb-95) in vegetables is found to bo about 18$ of the level which would give a dose above the acceptable limit for continuous consumption. The other isotopes show comparatively smaller fraction oT acceptable levels. NSA : 17 : 21427 600) Vohra, K.G.j Rangarajan, C| Sarada, Cr. M3T ElATBS 0¥ BIOHPHÜRIC CONT^iffiL^IOfl Acil) RiUlATIGíT JOSÜ1 HiOí NÜCLBAR EXPLOSIONS UI' TO ^RIL 1962. jiEBT/M-27. 1962, ?0p. The production and dispersion of fission products ru'ul induced radioactivity fro'i nuclear weapon tea -a are disciwsod. Estimates are givan of \he iiiiportant radionuclides ralcascid by the tests conducted up to Novetibtjr 1961. The internal -uid .;;."ternal doses from fission products are calculated on the b'nsis of no an residence times in the stratosphere. nhc5 ganxaa doses calculated from the actual measurements of surface fallout activity at two stations in India, viz., Srinagar and Bombay, are also present ad. The estimated contributions of the various test series to the ganina deso at the two stations are discusstid. NSA : 17 : 21922 601) Joshi, L.U.; Vohra, K.G. J£ CBRIUfl-141 Jvil COLLECTED AT BOl'DJ^Y JJÜ11IKTG ^HE MOiíSOON MONTHS 01? 1962. AEET/AM/30. 1963, 16p. Measurements of the levels of ceriun-141 and ceciuii-I^Ví- in the surfaft-i fallout sanples collected at Bonbay during June to October 1962 were carried out. The ratios are ceriuQ-141 to csriun~144 activities in these sanples were also studied. NSA : 17 : 21923 602) Khandekar, U.N. ; Vohra, K.G. y ZmCONrOM~95 DEVQSITED BY i'ALIOUT SüllIiíG S2PTM.BER 1961 FEBRUARY 1962. iiEET/M/31 . 1963, 11p. 95, Da^a for the deposition of Zr ', excluding the contribution, of its daughter Kb95? after the resumption of nuclear tosts_in autumn 1961 are presented. The infinity ganiria dose from the Zv deposition for each week is included. The sampling method, cheaic.il procedures,' and results are discussed. NSA ; 17 : 29087. :::~ammm 603) Ananã, ri.J.S.; Vohra, K.G. DEPOSITION OF IÜDIKE-131 PHOM NUCLKõi .-.iiAl.'OM TESTS V. '!?IIS PACIFIC DURING 1961 . AEET/AM/35. 1963, 9p. Iodine-131 is produced in nuclear weapon tests as a fission-product . '"his report contains the results of neasursnarits of iodine-13"! in rainwater and railk for hhe period between Juni; and .iU^uct 1962. Data on the deposition of iodine-131 on the ground art also included. NSA : 18 i 1938. 604) Joshi, L.U.; Vohra, K.G. ,-i.n-iBOMTE CMiIUM-141 ii'd'D CERIUM-144 ^ I? OÍG ill) Til J^R 1961- PEBRU^Y 1963. Aug.1963, 17 p. Cheaical separation of ceriu!.i fron airborne fallout sc.aplcs v;as carried out to deternins cerium-141 and ceritm-14-i- activities in air. The levels of ceriua-141 and cerium-144 activities for the monthly air-filter samples collected at Bonbay during the period November 1961 to February 1963 wure neasured and the ratios Ce-141/ Ce-144 were calculated. USA : 18 : 1939. 605) Vohra, K.G.; Fishra, U.a.5 Laiit, B.Y.; Deshpande, A.B. OESIUM-I37 aJJD S^EONT rJM-90 Hi MI1K. Indian J .Chea., 1: 473-6. Nov. 1963. Cesiurn-137 and strontiun-90 levels in liquid rsilk oaaples iror. Boabay and 27 other stations in India, and powder uilk sarples from. Australiaj "Uennark, Holland, India, Uli, and the USA WGI-O estiu^nttíd yince 1958. Cd * ' was estimated by ganiaa sgectroscopy using a 10-channel scintillation spectroneter. SΓ levels woie rioasured by chenical separaLion of strontium from sariples of ullh and measure- ment of beta activity on a low level beta counting instrument. N3ii : 18 : 10232 • 606) Rangarajan, C; Gop alakr ishnn , S; Sadasivan, S; Chitale, I'.V. Mii..SirííKMEHi7S 0? \,IHBOiiifE R.n.üIOACT.VJü I-'ALLOIJT Iff ITOIA. ILE:;^-208. 1965, 27p. Airborne radioac'ivity i.ieasureaent,s at eight saapling stations in India arc reported for ths period 1957 to 1964. The.,Heiisu^Graeats ^nc3:ludei d gros3 (' activity and ratios of the isotopes Cs, Zv, Ba, contdd., «#»» Sb, Eu, and *Mn. Somo rain water radioactivity daba are also given. NSA : 19 : 56650 607) Rangarajan, C; *'ishra, no.; lalit, B.Y.; Sarada, G; üadasivan, S. n 1'IriiIOÍÍ IliOJUC' ö jL/V ,,.MD ITÜ JUMIC^IOÍÍ Hi á "U1)Y .CtfG KJILÜÜT MiOi AEMT-209. 1965, 27 p. Ke levant data on the fission produces released in nuclear weapon tests are tabulated. The respective tables giva: half life and beta and gaum energies: yields for theroalj fission spectrun, and 14-Mev neutrons on 233U? 235Uj 238Uf ÊSÍrpjj, and 239^, and . production ratios fron bomb ds'bris data. ; 19 : 39774- 508) Vohra, K. (.<. iJOME .iSrEC-'S OF FALLOW 3-ROM THE FHiST ShCOií J CHIOSSE T^-Tc. AEET-24O. 1965, 28p. The pattern oi novoment of fallout debris clouds after the first and second Chinese tests wa& studied with the help of wind data at 200 rib level. Samples of fallout du bris collected« at high altitudes with the help of couucrcial aircraft were studied ior freshly produced fâssion products and detailed analysis was carried out for several short-lived isotopes. Details of analysis used ior rapid identification of fissile nat©rials after the two tests are presented, activity ratios of important short-lived fission products for both of the tests showed U-235 fission. The results of analysis for lTp-239 and U-237 are also given. These analyses provide evidence of production of U-237 by double neutron capture and of Np~239 by riautroo. activation of U-238. ^he airborne radioactivity found, at Guinar«; after the second Chinese test is discussed. NSA : 20 : 23344 609) Thukral, S.P.; Vohra, K.G. 11 CCu-PINliOUS MUKI !.)!: I OR IL.DIO^C^IVE YnlXOW IiJ -"lii ^m. Nucl. Instrua, Methods, 44: 73-6» Sept .1966. An instrument for continuously recording the level of long-lived beta activity in the air is described. This instrument can be used as a continuous monitor for radioactive fallout in the air. *H NSA : 20 : 41303 Iyengar, K.N.; Rangarajan, R. i'lviGI'SNT í-U83-DItíTHIiiOT10iSS '(M PHOTOFISülÜN .u© ííiíTJ?-íD£I liiDUCEE FlüóIOy GI1 3 U. CONF-681210(Vol.2) Proc. Nucl. I'hys. Solid 3t:-ite Phys = 3ynp., 2: 110-15. 1968. 614) taass distributions of fragments from the thermal fission of photofission of 23%, and the 14-MeV neutron fission of U were measured using solid-state truck detectors. In addition, the 238{j photofission was studied using a nuclear emulsion. n?he resolution obtained did not permit reliable conclusions to te^drawn about the differences in the peak to valley ratios for the *" U photofission and noutron-induced fission. NSA : 24 : 15887 611) Rangarajan, C; Gopalakrishnan, S|. Vohra, K.G. iííTERHSI^IIüPHEilC LILCISTC- OP FALLOUT DSBJ3IS HJ mIlS M0N30OLÍ ISEGION& . 615) J. Geophys. RHS.; 75: 1755-9. Mar.1970. Striking evidence for interhoDispheric nixing of the air m.os&es in the Indian ocean region during the period July-üopts.aber has Leen obtained fron the njsasureDsn-s of airborne-radioactivity at a network of stations in India following -he i'rencb tests in the South Pacific region. f:?om 1966 to 1968. NSA : 24 : 20894 612) Deshpande, A.S .; Vohra, K.G. G^il& xiCTIVITY OF ^I-iS Tool! SAS-LÜS I!Í BSD Li DDIÍETG THE 196^-65. ASET-273. 1966, 19 p. 144 137, .ta are presented on the content of Ce, Sb Eu, Cs , , and •'^Mn in cereals, vegetanles, laiscellcneous food-stuffs, composite seals, and grasses collected at Bombay during 1£63 to 1965. Data on a few samples of imported cereals (USA) consuaad in India are also included. USA : 22 : 40656 613) Rangarajan, C; Gopalakrishnan, b. r? AND HOTER-HEMI3PHERIC MIXIl« OF IUJ3I0AGTIVE DütSiilS PECk RECEÍÍT MUCTE.Ji .TES^S. BARC-393. 1969, 20 p. The troposhheric radioactivity released by the Chinese tests in the norther, heeisphere (40°N) and the French tests in the southern.hemisphere (22°B) contd. have been used as tracers in studying the move •iiait oi air masses within the hemisphere and across the equator. NSA : 23 : 24308 614) Rangarajan, C; Mishra, U.C. ivETHODS OP iUiLO'J" JE.^üiSI^NTtí USi)I> IS INDIA. CONS-660341. 1966, pp 287-300 Since early 1956 environmental radiociCtivity asacurcix-'its have been made of Indian ground level air, rainwater incl dust, tiilk and foodstuffs consumed by humans, hunan bon-5, and surfact, soil. The sampling and counting procedures are described, insults are tabulated. NSA : 22 : 6480 615) Vohra, K.G.; liangarajan, 0.; Sarada, G SEASONAL V.OtLiTIOaB 05 C:^3 IU1-Í-137 E GiiOUriD LTvTI.. 1960 HtVv 1961. nature, 197: 1092. Mar.1963. Measurerjents on radioactive fallout in air and rr'-inv/iitcx" in India during 1960 and 1961 showed that during late winter c-.no spring an increase in cesiura-137 appeared at ground level. 1ÍS.V : 17 : 18305 - 2"! 7 - XIX. AUTHOR IEDEX A Bellatica* S.C. , 582 Bel'makov, V.S. , 412 Abbatt, J.3., 123 Belyaev, V.l., 571 Adams, A.E., 1 Benesj A., 433 Adams, J,A.5 164 Bengalsdorf., I .S.» 127 Agre, A.L., 406 Bennett, C.B., 178 Aiken, S.Cc274 Berg, 0., 514 Alan, J., 297 Berger, G., 35Ó Alferov, K.V., 12 Bergerhoff, G , 427 Allen, I.B., 456 Bernhard, l;i., 393, 394 Allkofer, I-.C, 124, 512 Bernhardt, K., 572 Alonsc, S.A., 167 Besyadovski, p •A.. 435 Ainpola, V.fJ., 405 3b.it, I.G., 366 Anderson, 3.V., 125 3inford, F.i'. , 302 Andersen, R.D., 4j!0 Biro, J.? 275 Anderson, J.L., I69, 170 Bittel, E., 3?5 Anzai, I., 171 Black, S.C... 03 Applebay, G.Vi., 501 Blakely, J.5 34 Arkhipov, A.S., 431 Blatz. H., 17ii Arkhangel•skii, A.A.« 126 31aylcck, B.G- • 435 Ariss, B.-7., 1??, 173 Blet.cl.rcdt, J.F.. pS'"> Arcs fcrcng, 174 Blendon, T.C. f \Ój Arnaud, Y., 11, 544 Blincoe, C . 313 Arthur, G.E., 174 Biol:, Job, 3S-C Asculai, E., 50 Blumetistein, w', s 16C Ashikagaya, Y.,•556 B.oquet. ir.. 1 28 Aurand, K., 566, 567 E.idrora, D.A., 451 Avants, J. 1C, 415 ioettger,. V., 3'i4 ;iyers, J.A., 252 Bogoy ãvl en t-kay•a, iVI.F., Eohirsn, V.&., 313 iclcyrsff, P., 275 B Bonet, . Ti 3D., 470 Baarli, J., 3C1 Borioli, K . 36O Bad'in, V.l., 12 B.:se, E., 358, 5O6 Baetsle, L.H., 568 BGSO, V.E., 2 Bai, D.E., 13 3cjgnol, Ä., 277 Bainard, ^.D., 175 Boulenger, H., 357, 4S5, 516 Bair, -r.J., 305 Bcvard, ?., 573, 574 Bales, R.E., 429 Brady, N.C.- 358 7 Ballinger, " .F., 432 Branierstein, C.? 478 Banfield, D.L., 176 Bransgrove, A.N., 278 "Barish, J., 302 BratU; C, 594 3arth, D.S. , 'O3 Braun. E.Vf., 486 Barth, J., 415 Brave, S.E.. 315 Bamagaertei, F., 177, 569, 572 Briggs, G.A., 129 Bayer, A., 63 Brinkmann, G., 181 Begovie, J,, 104 Brnovi?»' R., 583 . Behrens, "1. , 5&ó, 567 • Brodley, Y.\E. ^ 16 üeising, K., 8, 9 3ruce, J.S., 503 Bekle.T.ishev, K.V., I4 Bruce, 3..S., 417 Belitskii, A.8., 570 Brodsky, A., 436 " Bell, l:.c, 355 Brunskillr R.T., 1J0 :,O.T-i - 21 ö - Bruyninck, G.L.F.E., 26? Orawfcrd, T.7., 437 Bryan, G .7'. , 64 Crespi, P.R., 188, 521 Bryant, P.M., 539 Crocker, G.R., 68 Buch, R., 279 Crcke, ScJ.,133 Buchheim, ',/., 424 Crcucl;, G.D., 252, 540 Buckner, B.H.; 415 Cruze, A.M., 69, 82, 189 Buist, D.T., 182, 280 Bul'dakov, L.A., 65 Burton, L.TC., 261 D 3usch, D.D.ä 316 Busch, E., 580 Jahl, A.H., 392 Bush, v;.R. , 524 Dahl, J.B., 134 Butterworth, H., 517 Dan.-Jli, S.D. , 1])5 Eanet--:c?ya, E.V. , 439 Danth.rr.llt, A., 220 Davis. :,J., 508 Davic, L,T, , 71 Galdwell, K., 436 Dcsw, E.T., 317 Cnlâwell, E.D., 516 Dawscn, á-, 194 Cambray, R.S. , 66 D-3 Lagune., .í. 5 568 Carter, L.A., 450 jjolmar, J.5 184 Caruse, E., 131 Po Kr-ere, Y., 22 Casorosa, I., IO6 Hewitt, T.P, , 232 Caspari, A., 18 , il., 441 Catsch, Â., 19 i3$ D.E., 577 Cearlock, D.B., 6? Dar Sifict, 3.Van., 56O Cecers, K.E., 278 Liehj , J.F., 362 Cerre, P., 133 Dingle. A.H., 19' Chadwick, D.S., 282 Dcir,irii:jvaua, H., 522 Chamei, A., 519 De i.c grhue, J. K., 517 Chase, R., 488 Icrar, 7.T., 23 Chassany, J.} 164 Dcre, TL. , 24 Chester, J., 488 DcvtglSLrs, J.D.Jr. ,247 Childs, E.E., 107 r-ouvoj'iannis, J., 588 Chone, 3., 437 Dulcinc. - J., 442 Cigna, A.A., 202 Danster.; H.J., 13? Clausing, J.C., 207 Dutton, J."^.R. ,318 Clayton, G.D., 132 Dzhelspcv, 3.S. , 25 Cobtan, V.'.Cc, 489 Coffer. E.F., 20 E Coffin, D.O., 186 Colard, J., 49C Cole, C.V-, 355 Sasley, C.\7., 192 Cole, J.S., 281 East on, C.P.., 26 Coiaar, C.L. , 359, 418 Eckert, J.A., 443 Conaxd, H.A. , 520 EfEDndson, L.p,, 415 Cocgan, J.S., 443 Eguchi, L, 373 Cooley, S.O., 519 Eisend, M., 72, 138 Corn, J.F., 178 Elderkin, C.E. , 76 Cot-cignies, S., 187 Eliason, J.R., 86 Couchrcan, .T.C., 501 Eric, 3., 363 Coolen, E., 36O Essig, T.H., 324 German, E., 101 Ewing, R.A. , 74 Cowser, K.E., 3O3 - 219 - F Grcsch, D.S., 108 Guckeen, T.K., 384 Farmer, F.E., IRSTT-18, 523 Guinn, V.P., 582 Fedorov, A,F., 578 Guzak, S.V., 448 Federev, G.A., 150 Feher, I., 444 H Fehrentz, D., 437 Fenn, J.H., 524 Hachida, '.'., 574 Fergusscn, K.It., 525 Hafez, K.B., 457 Ferraris, K.M., 427 Hagel, G.V., 579 First, Li,T7., 139» 194 Hajdukevie, D., 38J. Fish, B.R., 195, 242, 243, 283, 352 Hall, K.K., 299 Fischer, H.F., 140 Hamiltcn, H.A., 287 Florent, R.F., 196 Hen, C.L., 13 Fojtik, M., 197 Hanna, I.R.A., 457 Foulquier, L., 75 Hanson, '-.C., 451 Fourqy-, A., 519 Hanyu, M., 491 Fcurnier, Ph., 198 Hardy, S.P., 528 Frank, V.H., 579, 580 Eartmann, H., 572 Frc3sarc:, H., 544 Hata, K., 374 Fujil, S., 526 Kswley, CA., 79 Fujiiraki, M., 373 Hsyden, K.B., 232 Fukuda, S., 46O Hsyodcr,, V., 288 Fuquay, J,J., J6 Heffte-r, J.L., 327 Furnica, Gh., 77, 199, 445 Heid, K.R., 450, 475, 529 Henlc-, Ti.C, 529 E.innint;, H.f 290 Ilepp, II., 212 Eorbst, ;;., 328, 530 Gaglione, P., 560 Eerraist'-n, S.T.» 130 Gajic, F., 2C0 Hervin, Fi.L., 303 Galensciiiasger, L., 446 Hickey, J.L.S», 429 Gall-Dippold, A., 581 Hcbbs, B.C., 365 Gammon, E.F., 492 Hole, J.A., 195 Gandine, C, 141 Holland, J.Z., 144, 1-5 Ganguly, A.K., 366 Holland, E.vr., 531 Garber, E.I., 29 Holman, K.L., 456 Gamier, A., 201 Hülsten, J.A., 405 Garner, R.J., 507 Hongo, S., 467 Gartrell, F.S. , 285 Hornef, E., 5&3 Gaskill, J.R., 554 Hungate, F.F., 451 Gifford, P.A., 78, 142 Hurst, J.S., 492 Gigna, Ac A., 325 Hvcstov, K.N., 32 Giorcelli, P.G. , 202 C-lcs, 13., 52" Gcliiin, ^;S., 533 Qolikov. V'.Ya. , 292 GorberiT, Z., 286 Gorodinskyi, S.I'1., 326 Ichiba, K., 498 Graf, H., 249 Ikebe, Y., 33I Grande, 0., 514 Iranzo, S., 206 Sranby. A., 573, 574 Irwin, C.K., 493 Grcb, J., 143 Ivano, V.K.V, 485 Izrael, U.A., 329 - 220 - Kounig, L.Ji., 2O9 Kcläsnikov, A.G., 210, 571, 439 Jacobs, K.B., 34, 350 Konishi, E., 454 Jaeckel, P., 2J0 Konctaitinov, J.E., 150 Jahns, E,, 457 Ecpnev, I.V., 543 Janik, J., 35 Kopload, J.K., 99 Jarret, E.S.E., 119 liopräa, V., 197 Jaskulski, J. Koptscvict, T., 152 453 Kcrenkcv, I.F., 292 Kernberg, H.A., 451 , 508 Joünson, J .ti., in. 0512 Koraotz, B., 3?b Johnson, F.C*, .'63 Koüikovíeko, P.V., 425 Johnson, T., 244, 246 Xostyakov, M.S. , 32 Johsviich, F., 147 Kozlov, V.F., 534 Jones, A.R. , «194 Krause, Ii.t 212, 276 Junghans, C.A., 20? Krieger, G.L., 213 Jury, S.H. , 208 Kristanov, D., 239 Kroglov, Y.T., 535 Krusiewski, S.V., 5 Kern, F.B.K. , 302 Kamath, P.R., 291 , 366 Karaetcni, X., 375 Lachoviez, St., I98 Kaplan, A.M., 590 Lacourly, G.f 395, 536 Karában, R.T.,, 565 I Lagerquist, C. ?.., 456 KeeaaeheyKeeaaehey , AAV40kV*401 Lamb, F.C.5 384 Karzinkin, C.S. , 393 Lammers, W.T. , 585 Kathren, H.L., 330, 562 Langecker, 1C,, 269. Kato, K., 367 Lapin, v.l., 412 Katsurayana, Y., 5O4 La Riviere, P.D., 336 Kawano, M., 331 Larson, U.V., 450 Kawahara, F.K., 34* Lee, H., 81, 2>4 Kay, K., Yo Leo, S.C., 13 Kaye, S.O., 332 Legier, D., 269 Kehrer, ¥.S. , 178 Leipunskiir O.E., 150 Kevern, N.R., 399 Le Cotiipte, J., 363 Klian, A.A., 366, 470 Lieberman, R., 463 Kido, Y., 498 Likhtsrev, I.A., 477 Kiefer, E., 276 Liudelj, K.P., 215 Kienhoefer, M., 212 Little, J.G., 216 Kikuchi, S., 148 Lcutit, J.F., 344 King, F.J., 405 Little, J.C., 153 Kirchmann, E.J., 4^3,584 Ljunggren, K., 586 Kirchner, H.A., 149 Lowrey, A,, 520 Kistenei ,-h, P., 4^4 Lucok, H.9 4 Klein, Es?., 37 Luetkehans, f.R., 20 Knoop, E., 368, 424 Lutz, M,, 495 Knowles, B.B., 80 Lyarskij, P.P., 587 Koch, G., 442 Lyashen ko, A.G., 412 Koch, J.J., 502 Kochtitzky, O.W., 3O3 M Koehn, H.K., 80 Maagdenberg, H.J. - 221 - Madelmcnt, Ct, 422 Morton, D.S., 95 Iflahmoud, K.A., 457 Morton, H.J., 3O3 Makihara, K., 38 Moskalevv Yu.I., 65 Maloney* T.C., 217 Mosselmans, G., 225, 226 Kann, S., 216 Mouri, T., 374 Manneschinicit, J.F., 29J Muto, T., 110, 111 Manstain, B., 458, 539 . Marble, G., 109 Marinova, Ts., 239 N Karkee, E.H., 308 Kastinu, G., 151 Naba, 1C, 339 Matsui, H., ?19 ITagasawa, K., 375, -493 Matveev, V.V., 496 Nagel, &., 85 Mazaury, E., 220 N&ir: P.V.1Í., 311 MoCainmcn, C.P., 303 Nakashiirci, Y., 331 McCutchen, J.H., 426 Nakayame., T. , 331 I'icMullan, P.S., 02 Nardi, A,, 499 Mellanby, K., 334 Nelepo, B.A. , 210, 571 Jfercer, T.T., 459 Nalscn, D.J. V! t 232,;352 Mercer, .A., 384 Nelson, R.'V. , 86 Kuredith, J.L.» 217 Neufeld, J., 540 Merten, D., 335, 427 tJeuatroev, G .V., 402 Mestre, E., 183 Kevstruevoi, M.A., 541 KLazek-Kula, M., 223 Newman? J., 227 Miohcn, G., 422, 42S Newsen, I.H. , 176 Uikhaylov» M., 83 Newton, £., 465 3-.!ikkelgen, R.L., 443 Nienhaus, J. , 225, 226 Killer, C.P., 224, 336 Ni3hioka, H., 228 Milnan, Y., 337 Nishiwaki, Y ., 228 Miloradov, G.K., 412 Ncrdyke, M.D Mimikos, N., 588 .» 40 Norwood, Y/.D., 466 Hi nanaj K., 460 Novikcv, Tt.I., 12 Mishev, I., 39 Missoni, G., 154 Nucciotti, L ., 376 Mitsuishi, N., 84 Moehrle, G.s 46I, 462 Moeller, D.W., 538 Moghisai, A.A., 370, ... Moghissi, A.A., 463 Oesterdahl, B., 589 Mohamcud, A.F., 457 Oíjura, H., 87 Mciseev, P.A., 401 Ohata, T., 467 Mcldenhawer, P., 358 Oliver, R., 542 Moinar, M., 444 Olsen, R., 340 liolseev, A.A., 477 Cno, M., 454 liontcli, E., 188, 521 Opbal, I.L., 403 i.'oracic, Lj., 383 Orlova, E.I., 570 Osovari, S., 70 Mcrishij-G, T.t 371, 372 Merita, K., 373 Ofcto, ]t., 229 Mork, H.H., 563 Owen* U.L., 341, 489 Morley, F.-, 539 Moroni, P., 464 Morcuchi, S., 497 S.M., 457 Parlov, D., 383 ß - 222 - Park, A.3., 377 Rivera, J., 528 Pariseau, P.It., 230 Rofcev, St. , 239 Parkhomenkhc, G.M. , 543 Robinson, E.W. , 550 Patterson, D.Tü. , 42 Rodriguez, E.R., 48 Paulus, K., 378, 379 Rogers, M.R., 590 Pauteu, G., 519 Ronsivalli, L.J., 405 Pavlovsksya, N.A.-, 431 » 587 Rosenberg, L.L., 112 Pêcsck, l>.A», 282 Ross, U.K., 90 Peeters, E., 4O4 Rotrekl, B., 240 Fellerin, P., 231 RcuXet, R., 500 Pander, D., 194 Roussiaux, P., 241 Perctin, J.P., 43 Rouvyrcy, H., 495 Perrigo, L.D., 232 Rcvinskii, F.Ya., 4O6 Petkov, T., 83 Rovinsky, F.A., 329 Petrov, V.N., 329 Royster, ü.'v'.Jr. , 242, 243 Petrovic, 3-, 380 Rczier, J., 387 Petrcw, E.G.» 88 Ruf, M., 407 Pfeiler, '.?.A'., 492 RuBiyantsev, A.F., 435 Phillip, H., 6, 7 Runge, M,, 290 Pirtls, O.L., 263 Russell, R.L., 510 Poda, G.A., 299 Russell, R.S., 91» 92» 344, 388, 471, Podymahin, V.N., 402 472, 509. Feister, G., 350 Rutherford, R.B., 432 Fastina, A.K., 155 Royster, G.vJ. , 283 Pcuthisr, J., 184 Ryan, J.T., 49, 244, 245, 246, 247 Prat, G., 544 Pressman, A.A., 329 Pretre, S., 549 Frirabach, 3., 384 Pusch, U7.I'., 468, 469 Saenger, E.L., 473 Saied, F.I.A., 457 Sanders, C.L., 113, 492 Sanguinetti, "•,, 248 Santarosas J.F., 501 Quigley, E.J., 466 Samuels, E.R., 4O8 Sauermatjn, P.F. , 249 Saxby, \i.N., 195 Sayapina, R. Ya., 12 Sayeg, J.A., 436 Racaveanu, N., 199, 445 Scacco, F., 499 Radicheva, M., 39 Schatz, A., 314 Radovanovic, R., 383 Schelenz, R., 389 ; Rails, J.v;., 384 Schenk, 7., 181 Rac, S.R., 470 Schmidt, C.T., 502 Ras, E.M.M., 4787 Schmidt, G.D., 37 Scad. C, 69 Schnabl, H., 591 Reave, R.F =, 363 Schulte, J.H., 474 Reiff, F., 238 Schultes, K."iV., 269 Reissig, H., 385, 564 Schultz, N.B., 592 Reiter, R., 47 Schulz, •'.'., 181 Rinck, F.K., 464 Schuster, K., 238 Rinehart, J., 384 Schwendiman, L.C., 155 Ritschard, U., 549 Scotnikova, O.G., I50 - 223 - Scott, L.M., 483 Stukin, E.D., 329 Sep.borg, G.T., 158 Styrc, B.I., I61 , 162 Seelye, J., 399 Sumerka, T., 239 Sekitani, K., 504 Surndno, T., 504 Selby, J.M., 475, 529 Suschny, C, 257 Sel'dyakcv, Yu.P., 496 Sutow, T.;.¥. , 52O Serdyuk, D.S., 250 Suzuki, M., 467 Sercda, G.A., 93 Svehla, P., 258 Shakolova, V.V., 439 Svkos, M., 554 Shalaev, I.L., 251 Szabo, L., 594 Shapiro, E.S., 476 Shashkov, E.V., 250 Shcherbakov, V.L., 326 Sheen, E.M., 252 Shekhancva, I.A., 410, 411, 412 Tadoc^, J., 337 ShiEORlri rrn ,. M.M ,- ^„1 Tajima, E., 347 Shimcda, V."., 114 Tajiraa, M., 373 Shleien, B., 306 Táicizawa, Y., 348 Shr;rs, 3., 51 Templin, A.H., 3O9, 565 Silverman, L., 194 Tausch, E.T., 259 Simon, A ?53 Taylor, D.M., 115 Simon, M 312 Teli-shenke, M.M., 595 Singer, i.A., 159 Terace, J^ , 374 Skibin, 50 TerriJ., J.G., 429 Skripchenko, E.S., 431 Ter-Stakov, A.A., 329 Sladkovic, Et., 47 Thoma, G.E. , 54 Smith, C.F,, 254 Thoma=, C.K., 172, 173 Smith, M.E., 94, 159', 160 Thompson, J.L., 283 Thompson, R.C., 305 Snow, D.L., 552 p, Sny-der, t/.S., 3O3 Tikhom:rov, F.A., 5^ Sohmiât, H?D., 8, 9 Timofei-va, L.A., 595 Sokolov, A.D., 496 Todoror, S., 239 Sokolova, N.F., 596 Tokimo-o, Y., 498 Soldat, J--K., 324 ToEiie, 2,, 260 Sonnenblick, B.P., 345 Toth, AM I63 Scuffrian, J., 568 Trnovec, T., 197 Soule, R.E., 178 r Troshki.-;, Yu.S., 534 Spanglar, G.Y„ . , 3O7 Tsujimo^o, R., 504 Spigarelli, S., 399 TsujimoXj.T., 96 Spoor, H«, 238 Start, G.E., 308 Stead, F.ü., 346, 593 Stefani, L,J., 1 Stepanov, S.A., 126 Uebelacker, D.L., 97 Stephenson, J., 95, 503 Unger, H., 261 Stern, A.C., 52, 53 ürquhsrt, G.M., 119 Steuer, J.5 255 Ushakova, A.P., 477 Stockschiaeder, F., 181 Stoeppler, M., 238 Strauh, C.P., 3O3 Strauss, S.D., 553 Struxnass, E.G., 3O3 Vaane, J.P., 478 - 224 - Van, Averbeke, J.W., 267 Westhuizen, H.J., 267 Van Den Berg, 297 Westphal, D., 26I Van Den Berg, A.J.» 56 •/hicker, F.W-, 122, 392 Van Horn, V.H., 510 Whitfield, W.J., 215 Vaughan, B.E., 479 Wijker, H., 484 Vaughan, W.J., 479 Vvilkerson, D.B., 189 Vaupel, Fr., 56 Vfillisj C.A., 307 Vekhov, S.P., 596 Willis, V/.T. , 101 Vel'tishcheva, I.F., 413» 414 Wilson, R., 266 Vernon, P.B., 299 Wiltshire, L.L., 341 Vershinin. N.V., 4.31 \7inkler, R., 269 Vig, B., 51 * Wiohmann, E., 7 Villforth, J.C., 550 Wlcdek, S., 513 Viswanathan,' li. •, 98 Wlodek, St., 597 Vivian, G.A. , 268 Void, G.J., 55O Vohra, K.G., 311 WcodsiJe, M.B., 169 Vogt, K.J., 298, 350 Woodwell, G.M. , 354 Vcilteque, P.G., 489 VJortley, G., 102 Toit, Ê., 555 Von Hegel, G., 580 Voress, H.E., 2 Vnkotic, M., 383 Vychytil, P., 556 Yainagata, II., 61 Yasunaka, H., 558 Yelahanka, K.N.M., 270 Yoshizawa, Y., 171 Wadachi, Y., 120, 262 Z Fade, L., 121, 263 Wagner, H., 583 Wald, N., 436 ZherMn, E.A., 485 Walker, W.N., 505 Zlatanov, St., 271 V?lker, 2.L., 283, 352 Zuehlke, K., 276 Walters, R.A.I., 392 Zuidema, G.D. , 432 Talker, S.M., 58, 244 . Ware, G."/. , 493 Warren, T.J.H., 99 Waters, W.E., 481 Watson, CD., 59 Watscn, L.C., 524 Watters, R.L., 511, 512 Wechsler, R., 436 Weed, R.D., 2J2 '•• ebener, K.H., 391 Well er, H.I., 264 Wells, H., 265, 266, 557 Weng, P.S., 100 V'erderer, B», 43, 300 Werner, H., 482 West, CM., 483 West, G.A.» 59 'Test, S.W., 353 - 225 - XX. KET30HD INDEX 65 Accidental inhalation of Zn and China, 47 11OmAg, 465 China, food, 371 Agents, 258 Civil defense, 82 Agricultural aspects, 339 Civil defense, 535 Agricultural, symposium on, 558 (See also radiation orotection) Air, 296, 293, 3OO, 125, 3O6 Cleaning agents, 559 Air cleaning, -153, 155 Cleaning machine, 558 Air cleaning laboratory, 139 Clothing, 260, 225, 517 Air concentration of pollutant, 160 Coating, 545 Airborne Effluents, 159 Concentration in air, 16 Aircraft, ?34, 270 Contaminated airfield, 200 Air eontanár-ation control, 154 Contamination, 272 Aircraft, effects of, 339 Contact nation control ) Air India Program, 27O American Association ), I68 Air pollution, 134, 156, 3O8 Contamination detection, I69 Air pollution cleaning, 148 Contamination of jet planes, 124 Air pollution due to nuclear plant,143 Contamination level, 57 Air sampling, 130 Contamination to persons, soils, Alloys, 23O air & vegetation, 206 Alpha, Beta control Contamination of the surface, 37, 83 Alpha radioactivity in air, 131 Control, 84, 85 Analysis of marine food, 96 Control of airborne contamination, 215 Animals, 105, 106, 10?, 108, 65, 597 Contamination by the use of nuclear Apparatus for decontamination of power space, 396 water, 574 Control apparatus fer and detection, 500 Apples, 363 Control of Atmospheric Pollution, 141 ARL manual, 327 Control of contamination, 192 Atmosphere, 26, 31-, 52 Control Radioactivity, 286 Atomic explosion, 537 Corrosion products, 197 Atmosphere cleaning, 16I Ccsmic radiation by, 312, 325 .Australia, 15 Cows, 114 Auto radiography, 478 Data compilation , reclamation , 341 Bentonite, 256 Deactivation Instrument, 180 Beta counting in environment, 318 Decontamination,-24, 4C). 58, I94, 207 Beverages, 381 235, 299 Biological effects, 336 Decontsciination apparatus, 498 Biological program, 281 Decontamination of Equipment, 212 Biosphere, 313 Decontami-He,tion of Generators, 175 Body bu.?den, 444 Decentamination Instrument, 180 Body burden, tritium, 463 • _. _ Decontairination of Material contaminated Bone 383 with tritium, I83, 186 Bone, at Trombay Establishment, 470 Decontanination, milk, 416, 424, 425,426 Buildings, 227 Decontamination of objects & surfaces, contaminated by Radioactive substances, s in USSR, 477 233 Cactus, 80 Decontamination of radioactive reservoir Cells, 265, 2Í6 waters, 177 Central America, 17 Decontamination Reagents,- 173 Decontamination of surfaces, 203 Chest burden retention, 483 Decontamination by surface cleaning, 24 Decent assLnailcn of water, 572» 590 Flooring, 290 596, 569 POOE, cf air, 208 Decontamination of workshops5 198 Floors, safety, 554 Deer..liver, 392 Food, 3O6, 357, 360, 362, 364, 366 368,369 Detecting the Radioactive Contamina- 371, 372,373, 386,381, 3^2,383, 385, 376 tion of a surface, 187 Feed chain, 44, 74 Detection, 221 Food in Japan, 372 Detectors used in plants, 519 B'ocd A livestock, 355 Devices fer âeeontairiinaticn, 190 Feed,-, radi-:activity, 294 Diet, 471» 472, 102 Fed, reactrr accidents effect en, 377 Diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid Foodstuffs contar.ination of aniral origin, (DTPA) treatment, 456 391 Doctor, 441 Food, Tritium concentration in, 370 . Dogs, toxicity by papayas, 390 Fruits, 364 Doss, 79 Fuels, 88 Dose, computer code, 438 Sanam radiation, 25 Dose Estima ti or- , 501 Ganna Ray fields, 178 Dcse, threshold limit valve, 132 Gas buggy, 254 Drinking water, 566, 567, 5879 591, Gasecus waste, 293 594 Genetic studies, 447 Ecosystem, effects of pollution, 3?4 Ground water, 566, 577, 579, 580, 593 Effluent Processing, 176 Hands, 431 Eggs, 389 ^Harbours, 61 Electrolytical, 223 ^Eg-chlcrmercdrin, 263 Electrostatic precipitations, 511 Health & safety activity, 449 Engine exhaust gases, 194 High-ter.perat ure, 316 Environment, 44» 123? 338, 543» 347» Hot Laboratories, 32, 279, 543 332 Human beings, 65, 70 Environment cont ami nation, 276, 319 Imnunity, 119 Environment, effects en animals, India, 98 plants, jrdere-organises, 345 Industrial Intcxicative, 186 Environment, effects on food, 348 Inhalation, 467^-.. Environment, effects on man I nhalr: ti co ci Ac & 239Pu, 436 conference, 351 Inhalation cf radioactive aerosols, 495 Environment, efiects on sea, 349 Instrurentation, 487,488,489,491 ,493,497 Environment, effects OK \7cter, 353 Instrurentation for Monitoring, 486 Environment, gaseous à ccEtanána.ticr.« Insulating slit for, 326 352 Internal con^rrinaticn, 171, 197, 204, Environment, geologic, 346 442,454, 457, 475 Environment, can, 344 Internal Radioactive Contamination, 231 Environmental Monitoring, 73 Ionizing radiation, 331 Environment of Tiuclear Research Centre, Irradiated papayas, 117, 350 Land, 217 Envirc mental hazards, 337 Liffiit for Radioactive surface contamination, Eovironnental Radioactive C">ntairina- 179 tion, 193 LognarEal function, 219 Equipment, 217, 265 Low-level wastes, in, 324 Eskimos3 443» 451 Lower level, I64 Film, 2J9 Lung cancer, 305 Firct-aid in industrial poisoning,521 Lung contsEinaticn, 3O4 First aid measures, 446 Lung-s, 113, 459 Fish, eggs, 410' Lungs by deposition of inhaled Fish otibyro, 412 particles, 479 Fish liver, 4I3 Fisher,, 398, 399, 4O5, 406, 407, 411 414, 597 Fissile Materials, 91 Fission products, 91 ran.. 305, 309, 3IC, 326 Permissible contará nation levels, 307 Marine Biologys 64, 75 Personnel, 297 Marine food/393, 594, 395, 400, 401 , Personal, medical survey, 520 403, 404 Personnel, auxiliary, 555 Materials, 24O, 264, 267 Persons, I96 Maximum permissible contamination, Pesticides, 334 (MFC), 564, 565 Places, 196 Measurerent, 333 Plants, 507, 508, 510, 513 FeasureEent of Air pollution, 126 Plants. ^Pc upt£ 512 Meat, 365, 387 Pls,nts and soil, and -"Cs Medical control, 220 contamination, 506, 5O9 Medical Instruments, 271 Plastic, using, 522 Medicsl supervision of workers, 542 Plowshare, 18, 20, 74, 27, 40, 51, 19, 2i Medical unit planning, 531 Plutonium in Air Samples, 149 Medicine, 556 Plutonium P.'cycle test, 232 Meteorology of Air pollution, I46 Polar Environment, 36 Mice, 111, 112, 115 Pollution, 128, 129, 133» 285 Milk, 103, 415, 417, 416, 419, 420, Population, 22, 77 422, 423, 427, 426, 429, 306 Portable contamination meter, 494 Milk, decontamination. 416, 424, 426 Potatoes, 90Sr> 13fcSj 373 Milk and Food, 36I Poultry, 104 Miners, 452 Prevention of contemn nation, 192 Holten-Salt flauride-Vclatililiiy Protection of water, 570, 583 39 pilot plant, 218 g contamination, Monitor, Shoe, 273 Purification of gases, 222 Monitor, surface contarination, 503, 504, 505 Quarantine program, 295 Monkeys, 109 Mushrooms, 374 Radiation damage, 167 Radiation Exposure of population, 166 New Zealand, 73, 322, 323 Radiation Burden, 520, 321 Noxious Radiations, 2O3 Radiation accidents, 282 Nuclear Explosions, 35 Radiation hazards, 289 Nuclear Explosives in USSR, 55 Radiation, ^^Iridiun, 437 Kuclear Power, 158 Radiation protection, 546, 547, 548, 549, Nuclear Power Plants, 269, 314 550, 5"5, 516,-541, 544, 523, 524, 525» Nuclear Reactors, 337, 342 526, 52C, 529, 532, 534, 536, 461 ITuciesr Keactor Accidents, 29, 39, 54 üadiation qualities, 540 Nuclear Testing, JO, 4O Radiation therapy in head and neck, 482 Nuclear war in, 48I. 336 Radiation injiiry, 432 Nuclear Weapon Testing, 93, 100 Radioactive Airbornewastes, 137 Nuclear weapon war, effects on food, Radioactive air pollution, 145 Radioactive contamination, I84, 199, 210 Radioactive contamination by Chinese fb.jacts, 257 nuclear explosions, 202 Ccaans, ?8, 93, 257 Radioactive contamination of foodstuffz , 205 Paints, 59 Radioactive contamination on human beings, Pal.01na.res accident, 206 430, 434, 435, 450, 455, 455, 45S, 461, lapnyas, in dogs, 390 473 Paper wrapper of personal filias Radioactive contamination due to Plowshari, contamination measurement, 514 174 - 22* - Radioactive contamination of soil, Sheep, 121 560, 561 Shielding, 551 Radioactive contamination of water, Shielding, partial body, 476 575, 576, 581, 562, 585, 5&6. Skin, 433, 4^0, 462, 464, 474, 484 586, 592 Skin, pig, 120 Radioactive control, 89 Site evaluation, 342 Radioactive daccntaminatirn, 182, 165 Spectremetry, 49O Radioactive fallout, 157 Soil, 53, 6? Radioactive fallout Japa,n, 45 Sclar radiation, 141 Radioactive plume, 78 Solid surfaces, 262 Radioactive pollution, 161 Sources, 138 Radioactive process for cent.detection Standards, 539, 552, 553 170 . Standardized, Movable, In-cell Boxes, 101 Radioactive Protection, 43 Standards, IAEA, 317 Radioactive wastes, 210. Starch ford & sugars, a bibliography, 356 Radioactive "'äste in Atmospheres Statistical considerations for Radio- 123, 124 activity in air, 151 Radioactive 'Vasts Treatment, 235 Steam generator, 259 Radioactivity in 3icsphere, 135» 136 Steel, 223 Radioactivity control, 201 Surface, 266, 255, 229 Radioactivity Keasurement in Surface coating, 557 Atrjo sphe re, 140 Surface contamination, 99, 95, 209, 288, Radioactivity snear sampling method, 278, 284, 492 Surface contamination control, 195 Radiological Target Analysis, 214 Surface, recovai of, 228 Radiometric control, 292 Radionuclide Deposition, 23, 28 Tea leaves, 9°Sr, 137Cs, 375 Radiosurgery, „466 Testing, 237 Radiotoxicclogical aspects, 445» 199. Textiles, 236 Radiun Survey, 101 Tissues, 122 Raccn-Laughter products in the air, Tissue burdens and doses, calculation, 163 480 Rainfall, 60 Tomatoes, 367 Rain Scavenging, 191 Toxicology, 34 Peactors, 236 Transport accidents, 42 Realtor accident, 302 Treatment, 448 Regulations, 527, 53C, 533 Tritium body burden, 463 Remedial Measure, 224, 92 Tritium concentration in feed, 370 lienoval., 165 Tritium contanination, 275 Removal of contamination, 192 Thyroid gland, 111, 112 Removal of contaminated "box line, 172 Underground testing, effects on water, Salmon Salar I Roe, 402 353 • Scintillation detector, 501 Underground nuclear explosion, 4&5 Scintillators, Zns, 499 Unprotected radioactive substances, 209 Sea, 210 ultrasonics, 265 Sea organisms, 409 Urine, estimation of strontium in, 469 Searater, 571, 576, 595, 404 Urine, estimation of uranium in, 468 Self-purification from Radioactive contamination, 162 Vacuum processing, 287 Semi-conductor detectors, 496 Vegetables, 379, Sensitivity Analysis, I89 Vehicles, 217 - 229 - Ventilation for control of tritium, 518 Ventilation Puets, 71 -•/ator, 300, 421 Water contamination, 277 Water cor-led, 261 7/ater, drinking, 38;. Viet Abrasive blasting, 226 7,'te.lo, fin, 90Sr, -I37cs, 403 '."bite Mice, 116, 117, 118 Workshops and Láb.s, 43 X-ray detcctcrs for plutoniu::: survey, 502 Y-12 clean room, 216 O7~> XXI. REPORT NUMBER DTDEX. A/AC-82/G/L-1191 210 BLG-337 584 ÁAEC/M-34 278 BM-RI-6684 ** 174 / 99 BHL-IO513 94 AD-626727 247 BNL-12833 ** 159 AD-629784 81 BML-481-3 ** 125 AD-63I529 AS9 BM7L-1233 ** 577 ÁD-632211 310 BNriL-1307 (pt.2) ** 157 AD-632989 217 BJRÍL-SA-429 76 353 58 BNWL-SA-636 ** 232 AD-636571 193 BNWL-SA-671 ** 67 AD-635824 49 BML-SA-678 ** 86 AD-637416 35 BlWL-SA-963 ** 475 AD-650927 82 BKSL-Si-1255 '-* 155 AD-650928 69 3KÜL-SA-1509 ** 450 AD-650929 189 BiJWL-SA-15,10 ** 562 AD-662586 551 3RH/DB»7Ô-'I 447 AD-668327 & USNRDL-TR-68-2-2O0 178 British Patent 1,141 ,196 222 AD-677369 297 British Patent 1 ,220 ,644 187 AD-677371 56 British Patent 1,135 ,264 264 AD-688522 340 Britisii Patent 1,160 ,329 486 AD-837275 1 British Patent 1 ,174 ,595 221 A3C-tr-6466/i 126 AEC-tr-6641 14 CAPE-1512 284 AEC-tr-6641 93 CCR-ETJRATOF 141 AEC-tr-6641 401 CEA-BIB-178 356 iLSC-tr-6641 578 GEA-CCHF-1382 519 AEC-tr-6797 ** 55 CEA-CCUP-1561 536 ASC-tr-7122 ** 329 CEU-R-3059 75 AECL-2656 (Eev) 524 CEA-R-3O86 495 AECL-2787 144 CEA-R-3311 184 AECL-2787 191 CEL>H-3417 109 i.ECL-3144 494 Cv?IiP-555 ** 307 AECL-2787 308 ccSP-555 ** AED-6-02-06 A CC13P-798-2 448 AED-CCKF-66-9193-4 263 CCKP-640413 183 AED-C-13-O4 6 Gclip-640819-2 451 AED-C-13-6 7 CC:MP-66O52O 212 AED-C-O2-O7 8 COKP-66O52O 172 AED-C-O2-O8 9 CCKP-66O52O 316 AED-DISS, 64-574. 177 CCHP-650577-1 352 /-EKE-I;'-1236 176 CCBF-651202-35 239 ÂEBE-M-2174 95 CCiIP-660507-14 571 503 CÜIJF-66O649 533 J3SE-Trans-1104 $00 CCHF-660711-2 427 AERS-Trans-1105 43 CCKP-660711-9 422 lPK?j:-Cr-66-1 193 CCUP-660728 152 133 CCKF-660621-7 103 ,I'JI--Trans-52OC 147 OCNP-660728 161 /•iLV-35"-11 327 C.NP-66O92O 304 ;JÍE-SA-5'; ** 430 0GNP-660920-(Vol.2) 429 - 231 - GCNF-660920-(Vol.2) 456 EÜR-3555 F. 582 CCHF-660920-(Vol.2) 366 EUE-3639 394 CCKF-660920-(Vol.2) 130 EUE-4272 44 CCKF-660948 163 EUR-4411 569 CGNP-660948 275 C. NP-66O948-V0I.I 452 FMB-69-11 549 C-KP-ò60948-7ol.1 70 F. A-4-5419-24 589 CCHP-660946-V0I.2 581 FEL-3 518 CCIÍF-660948-V0I.2 453 French Patent 1,293,540 253 CCKP-66IO57 461 French Patent 1,303,673 559 Cf NF-661271 558 French Patent 1,444,128 190 G( NF-67O255 168 Ci.NF-670521 23 GAT-R-397 ** 50 CCKF-670521 466 GAT-R-43O ** 449 CCHF-670521 473 German Patent 1,197,560 253 CCWr-670521 529 GEPP-21 287 OCIIF-670621 514 cc iiF-670521 90 HASL-200 (Appl) ** 28 GC13P-67O6OC-2 143 HASL-217 ** 564 c:NP-680507 330 H/1SL-227 CAppl)** 62 CrKF-680507 22 ff.r-67i64 97 CC I5F-6eO5O7 46 l>: KP-68O6OI 586 IA-12C6 337 CnSF-680811 31 ID' -1 2067 ** 480 GCHP-681001-, pp 199-2O9 42 ID -14661 236 CrSP-681003- (Vol.2) 582 IFA-IS-45 594 CfKF-690303 ** 145 IKES-Ef-31 546 c.' KF-690503 ** 309 imS-nf-39 556 CC'HP-690312 ** 593 DE-1117 286 CC NF-690705 351 CC(-4O1-132 296 JiERI-1165 262 CCv-1156-18 122 Ji.ERI-5014 10 CO! -1733-9 511 JiiERI-5015 272 Ctc-1755-10 512 JAERI-5017 235 CC 1-1765-2 359 JPES-5478 596 CSN-CHEN 499 JFES-36645 431 JPES-42929 185 BM-52 21 JPHS-42929 25O DPST-67-3O-I ** 274 JPHS-45051 (Reu.1) 260 DM-5935 ** 259 JHL-566-ST 298 DUK-6075 ** 207 JUL-6O3-ST 350 DUN-SA-74 ** 175 K-1651 ** 592 ECG-1185-2158 501 KFK-868 & ECfH-5244 340 X-L-6131 ** 585 ESáI-171-29 74 KÜRRI-TR-4 96 ERI/EM-AEL-B 327 KORRI-TR-6 504 ETH-197 166 EÜR-2507-d 416 M'RP-68-7 550 EÜR-3265-f 357 EDR-3276, c 238 NDL-TR-66 217 - 232 - MT-041-3 (Rev) ** 194 STl/PUB-135 425 Míf-841-12 139 STl/PüB-195 31 KYC-3087-1, Pt.VIII 88 STl/PüB-195 153 BY"-3540-1 ** 264 STl/PUB-195 123 WIIÍS-I3D-25 45 STl/PüB-195 315 NP-16462 336 STl/püB-199 288 KP-16593 513 STl/PÜB-226 231 líP-16370 166 STl/->UB-226 291 M?-16594 597 STI/PUB-226 . 335 KP-16751 136 STl/pUB-226 404 KP-16856 46 STI/PUB-226 539 KP-16887 . 234 STl/PüB-229 276 HP-17209 282 ffvEHl-27-r ** 114 NP-17555 319 SZS-V68 255 HP-17579 89 SZS--.6/68 290 HP-178O5 41 SZZ-'0/70 338 EP-I8O94 15 KP-18140 73 THiiI-AEC-1 (Rev.1) 547 I3ECN-265 50 TID-3006 (Suppl.2) 2 URL-F-85 73 TID-23367 333 NSJ-tr-154 171 TID-241OO ** 142 WC-40 (Rev*2) ** 346 TID-24100 ** 146 m-- -40 (Rev* 2) ** 353 TID-2419O ** 129 NV'-43 27 TIP-24459 ** 355 TID-2;C77 ** 295 : RNL-ÍíSJC-72 ** 3 TID-2J31 2 ** 405 '"RKL-TM-1569 ** 293 TlD-25393 4C9 f RNL-TM-1 589 ** 208 TID-25404 ** 390 f'ESL-4086 ** 502 TID-2=È}05 ** 118 c.Rr-3298 ** 349 TID-254O6 ** 117 TIS-254O7 ** 116 PEL-187 267 TT-66-31018 596 PHS-999-RM-33 54 PHE-R-4 ** 27 UCLiL-4.2-654 ** 563 PKE-R-20 ** 20 UCID-I5136 ** 254 PNS-G-48 ** 343 UCRL-5OOO7-66-2 ** 502 ÜCRL-5OOO7r67-1 ** 289 R-< ü-230-2 (Vcl.2) 69 ÜCRL-5OI63 (Pt.l) 565 ED-B-N-1576 505 UCRL-5O79O ** 438 7 HEP-453 448 UCRL- 0720 ** 554 RHD-V0I.9, No.4 548 HCEL-71443 ** 51 RTffi-4110 5 UCRL-72332 ** 40 ST5E-411O 5 ÜCRL-Trans-1356 *# 135 ET/BK. (65) 1 400 136 HT/BIC (67) 35 394 ÜRS-646 310 RVÍ -T»"- 396 U.S. Patent 3,247,385 169 U.S. Patent 3*277,301 492 3C-M-67-63I ** 168 U.S. Patent 3.437,521 182 SC-F-68-94 ** 248 U.S. Patent, 3,255 23O 3C-M-69-I29 ** 215 USMRIIi-TR-67-39 476 STI-FÜB-126 303 USUEDL-TR-967 341