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Vaccination for Our Mob Report

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Vaccination for Our Mob Report Vaccination for Our Mob Summary report of vaccine preventable diseases and vaccination coverage in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, Australia 2011-2015 Summary report of vaccine preventable Vaccination for Our Mob 1 diseases and vaccination coverage in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, Australia 2011-2015 Table of Contents Summary This report is based on the NCIRS report on vaccine preventable Challenges Acknowledgements IFC diseases (VPDs) and vaccination coverage in Aboriginal and While rates of Hib disease are now very low, rates in Aboriginal Torres Strait Islander people 2011–2015, published in the journal Artwork IBC and Torres Strait Islander children aged <5 years remain around Communicable Diseases Intelligence in 2019 and available at 10 times higher than those in other children. Summary 1 https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2019.43.36. Meningococcal B disease rates remain several times higher Haemophilus influenzae type b disease 2 The report highlights each disease in Australia that can be in Aboriginal and Torres Strait people than that in other prevented by a vaccine available on the National Immunisation Hepatitis A 4 Australians. Environmental and social disadvantage factors, Program (NIP), describing how the disease is spread, signs and including household crowding and high smoking rates, are the symptoms, who is most affected, how common the disease is Hepatitis B 6 most likely causes for this continuing disparity in both Hib and and what proportion of people are vaccinated for the disease. meningococcal disease rates. Subsequent to the period covered Human papillomavirus 8 It also includes how many notifications are reported and by this report, meningococcal W and Y disease also emerged how many people are hospitalised or die due to the disease. Seasonal influenza 10 with similarly higher rates in Aboriginal and Torres Strait The report also highlights the positive impacts Islander people. Measles 12 that immunisation programs have had on the health of Meningococcal disease 14 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, as well as some Acute hepatitis B notification and hospitalisation rates are continuing challenges. several times higher in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people aged 15–49 years than in other Australians of the same Mumps 16 Acknowledging the feedback received, this Vaccination for Our age. While current Australian guidelines recommend hepatitis B Mob report has been redesigned and is significantly shorter Pertussis 18 vaccination be offered to all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander than the two previous publications. We hope that this report will people, vaccination for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Pneumococcal disease 20 be useful in encouraging ongoing development for Aboriginal adults is not currently funded under the NIP. Rotavirus 22 and Torres Strait Islander professionals who work within the immunisation space. For an in-depth review of all the diseases Influenza hospitalisation rates remain significantly higher Varicella-zoster virus infection (chickenpox and shingles) 24 and further reading on specific VPDs in Aboriginal and Torres across all age groups in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Rare diseases 26 Strait Islander people, please refer to the full report (Vaccine people than in other Australians. It is important that influenza preventable diseases and vaccination coverage in Aboriginal vaccination for all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people References 28 and Torres Strait Islander people 2011–2015). aged 6 months and older, now funded through the NIP for all age groups, is promoted. Achievements Next steps Since the introduction of the Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine in 1993, invasive Hib disease notification rates Ongoing monitoring of VPD burden and vaccination coverage This report was prepared at the National Centre for Artwork have decreased by more than 95% in Aboriginal and Torres Strait in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people is important to document further achievements and to inform policy and Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS) by: The Aboriginal artwork on the front cover of this report was Islander children aged <5 years. program measures to address existing and emerging disparities. Katrina Clark produced by Samantha Williams, a proud Wiradjuri woman from Following the introduction of the hepatitis A immunisation The expanded ‘whole of life’ Australian Immunisation Register Natasha Larter Narrandera, NSW. More information about the artwork design program in 2005 targeted at Aboriginal and Torres Strait (AIR) should help with monitoring of coverage in Aboriginal and Salema Barrett can be found on the inside back cover of this report. Islander children aged 12–24 months in Western Australia, Torres Strait Islander adults. Deepika Jindal South Australia, the Northern Territory and Queensland (the Frank Beard four jurisdictions with the highest rate of disease), hepatitis A Improving vaccination coverage and timeliness is important disease notification rates in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander to reduce the burden of VPDs in Aboriginal and Torres Strait people declined sharply and have remained lower than those in Islander people. However, we also need concerted efforts to Acknowledgements other Australians since 2007. improve living conditions; to address the effects of other social Ms Natasha Larter, a proud Yuin woman, made significant determinants of health; and to improve access to effective and Low rates of acute hepatitis B notifications and hospitalisations contributions to both the Vaccine Preventable Diseases and culturally appropriate health care for Aboriginal and Torres in both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and other Vaccination Coverage in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Strait Islander people. Australians aged <15 years reflect the success of the universal People, Australia, 2011–2015 report and this community version infant hepatitis B immunisation program. of the report as part of her NSW Aboriginal Population Health Training Initiative placement at NCIRS. NCIRS would particularly Since the introduction of the HPV vaccination program in 2007 like to thank Natasha for all her hard work, commitment and in Australia, remarkable reductions in HPV infection, genital dedication to both reports. warts and cervical pre-cancers have been recorded. Available information suggests that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander NCIRS would also like to thank the many other individuals who people are benefiting to a similar extent as other Australians. contributed to both reports. Estimates of ‘fully immunised’ vaccination coverage for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children improved between 2011 and 2015. By the end of 2015 coverage was almost three percentage points higher at 60 months of age in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children than in other children. 2 Vaccination for Our Mob Summary report of vaccine preventable Vaccination for Our Mob 3 diseases and vaccination coverage in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, Australia 2011-2015 2.1 Haemophilus influenzae type b disease Who is most affected? Hib disease is most common in unimmunised children under 5 years of age. Rates in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children under 5 years of age remain around 10 times higher than in other children. Household crowding and environmental tobacco smoke exposure due to high smoking rates contribute to this increased risk. 89.7 10.3 89.7 10.3 Deaths/hospitalisations No deaths were recorded with 2015 Hib vaccination Haemophilus meningitis as the coverage rates underlying cause for the period 2011 to 2015. Information on hospitalisations The disease Transmission and deaths from Hib disease is not 89.7% 93.7% available as there are no specific codes Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is a bacterium that can cause a Hib is usually spread from person to separate those caused by Hib and 89.7% 93.7% number of serious infections, mainly in children under 5 years of age. to person through droplets from the other types of Haemophilus. Before the Hib vaccine became available, Hib was the most common nose or throat e.g. via coughing or serious bacterial infection in young children in Australia. Aboriginal sneezing. Hib is sometimes found in and Torres Strait Islander children had a particularly high incidence the nose or throat of healthy people, of Hib meningitis, among the highest in the world, and with a so it is important to remember significantly younger age of onset. that a person doesn’t have to have symptoms to spread the bacteria. Hib meningitis is the most common form of Hib infection – it affects the lining of the brain and spinal cord and can result in serious Aboriginal and Torres Strait Other children at 100 complications such as brain damage, deafness or death. How common is it? Islander children at 12 months of age 95% reduction in Hib notification rates in 12 months of age Other less common types of infections that are caused by Hib involve Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children 93.9% 94.0% 10080 the lungs (pneumonia), blood (septicaemia), joints (septic arthritis) since the introduction of the Hib vaccine and skin (cellulitis). Epiglottitis (severe inflammation at the back in 1993. 93.9% 94.0% of the throat that can block breathing) used to commonly occur 6080 Hib notification rates in Aboriginal and Torres in children between 2 and 6 years of age; however, following the introduction of the vaccination program it is
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