Appendix I Pilot Survey

APPENDIX I

PILOT SURVEY - INTERVIEW SCHEDULE OF VISITORS

1. Where do you live? 1. Ellora 2. Nearby villages of Ellora 3. In Aurangabad 4. In Maharashtra ,please specify ...... 5. Outside Maharashtra , please specify ...... 6. Outside India, please specify ...... 2. Is this your first visit ? Yes / no If No, then how many times have you visited this place before ?......

3. Have you come with - Family – ( husband , Wife , Son ,Daughter , Wife , Other relatives) Friends Students Alone Any other......

4. Reasons of visit ( tick any one or more) close to Nature With family for weekend outing and fun, recreation Study and research purpose Children to know more about the historic place Religious purpose Other. Please specify ......

5. How much time have you spent in the caves ? Upto 2 hrs 2-4 hrs 4- 6 hrs 6 hrs and more

6. Prior to visit, Any historical, religious, social, cultural ( festivals, celebrations etc) ,nature related information related to Ellora caves, Ellora village, Ghrushneshwar?

......

7. How did you come to know about Ellora caves, Ellora village, Ghrushneshwar temple ,daulatabad fort , other historic buildings , nature etc

a. From relatives b. From the guide c. From the information plates near the caves d. From Ellora Visitors centre e. From Local people f. From programmes arranged by ASI , MTDC , Forest Authorities. Which one? ...... g. From website 233

h. From books i. From magazines

8. After the visit , what more information did you get related to the history of the place, Gods / religions / people/ Stories associated with it , sculptures and paintings, historical buildings, forest, birds, animals of Ellora, Environment etc –

Ellora Caves and forest Verul Village and historical buildings Ghrushneshwar temple, Ahilyabai kund

9. Please give your comments on the state of the Historical / Heritage buildings / sites ? also tell us why do you feel so?

Heritage buildings/sites Too Bad Ok Good Very Don’t Reason of bad good know saying so Internal Approach roads Of Ellora caves

Other connecting roads Information boards Historical Buildings 1. Ellora caves 2. Ghrushneshwar temple and Ahilyabai kund 3. Verul village and old buildings

Nature/ Greenery 1. Garden in front of Kailas temple/cave 2. Ellora forest 3. Trees along the roads 4. Lakes, springs, other water bodies etc Ellora Visitors centre Toilets Restaurants Maintenance Cleanliness Parking facility Mobile/ internet facility Lighting arrangements Drinking water facility

10. What according to you are the striking features/ elements of Ellora which you like?

------11. Do you know Ellora caves is a World Heritage Site? Yes / No

If yes, what according to you would be the reasons for its nomination as a World Heritage Site?

------......

234

......

12. Why do you feel Ellora is popular? Please rank number as the one you feel ‘most popular’ and give higher number for those which are least important) rank them in order of priority 1. For its history and religious value 2. For only the Kailas temple 3. For Fort, Historic architecture - sculpture, paintings ,architecture etc 4. for only Grishneshwar temple , Ahilyabai kund 5. For its nature - forest, wildlife, waterbodies 6. For its scenic views and rural character 7. For fresh air and good weather /climate 8. For local food 9. For Local art and crafts like Himroo ,

13 What would you like to suggest to increase / boost up the tourism of this World heritage Site?

......

14 Is Ellora / Verul and its surroundings safe?

1. Very unsafe 2. Unsafe 3. Ok 4. Good 5. Very secure 6. Cant say

What makes you feel so?

......

15 What did you dislike /felt inappropriate about the conservation and development of Ellora / Verul ? ......

16 What is your experience of other visitors at Ellora ?

......

17 What did you feel after visiting all these places in Ellora? ( happy, peaceful, enlightened, sad, meditative etc)

......

18 Did you get co-operation from Local People while moving around. Yes /No

If no, what according to you may be the reasons?

......

19 Did you explore any other places on your own? If Yes, which ones

...... 235

......

20. Did you get any information about the village and its people? Eg. about local people’s lifestyle, food, dress, houses, clothing, culture? Yes / No Please elaborate

......

21. If you have visited this place before, did you notice any change? what is it that you find has changed for good or bad? YES / NO

What has changed ? ...... or not changed ?

......

22 What developmental activities do you feel should happen at this World Heritage site and in its surroundings villages ( please rank from 1-15 in order of your preference where 1 is most important and ’14 is least important )

Developmental work / preferred activities Ranking 1 to 14 1. Conservation and restoration of heritage and religious structures in Ellora and Ellora village 2. Shops selling flowers, fruits related to puja and other Religious activities 3. Mahashivratri and other religious festival celebrations 4. Art and Cultural festival , other festivals in Ellora 5. Increase in hotels 6. Home stays for tourists in homes of local people/ residents 7. Increase in parking facility 8. Shops of local handicrafts 9. Improvement in roads and its quality 10. Waste management 11. Afforestation and increase in tree cover 12. Grazing activity in the forest lands 13. Water supply 14. Electricity supply

23. Any other information you would like to share? What development would you like to suggest in 10-15 years hence

------24. Did this visit meet your expectations / for the reason you visited ( please tick mark the appropriate)

Not at all Quite ok ok good Very much Can’t say

25. Which other places did you explored apart from the buildings/ places mentioned above?

......

236

26. Personal Information

1. Age - 15-25 25-45 45-60 60+ 2. Gender – Male / Female 3. Education – uneducated / 10th / 12th / Graduate (Science / Commerce / Arts) /,Postgraduate Other...... 4. Mother tongue - Marathi / Hindi / English / Other...... 5. Religion- Hindu / Muslim / Christian / other ......

6. Occupation – Agriculture / Tourism/ Government / Education/ business / student / hotel/unemployed/housework / other ......

7. Family monthly income

1. Upto 10,000 2. 10001- 20000 3. 20001 – 30,000 4. 30,000- 40,000 5. 400001 and above

29. Desirable/ not desirable effects due to tourism and development ,it being a World Heritage Site?

Statements Very much desirable ok Not Not at all desirable wanted wanted Increase in economic opportunities Increase in number of visitors Migration of people from outside villages to Verul/ Ellora Strict Rules for construction activities Restriction in developmental activities Increase in land/house prices Improvement in scenery and environment Increase in Air pollution Increase in water pollution Increase in land pollution Vegetation /tree cutting for housing, tourism development, infrastructural development Waste generated by the tourist / visitors / hotels Increase in Anti-social activities ( Alcohol consumption, gambling, prostitution etc) Misconduct/ Misbehaviour of Visitors Increase in Safety and security Change in social life Increase in Economic dependency on tourism Effect on Religious environment Loss of open and community spaces Promotion of local arts and crafts activities Increase in watersupply and electricity Provision of Amenities like schools, hospitals ,post-office, clinics etc

237

27 Can you map the route you took and the places seen . Also those which are important for experience of Ellora ? ( mapping of places /buildings of importance according to you )

28 . Rank the places / buildings on 1-4 scale where 1 is most important value and 4 is least important value

238

PILOT SURVEY – INTERVIEW SCHEDULE OF LOCAL COMMUNITIES

1. Where do you live ? 1. Verul village 2. Khuldabad village 3. in Daulatabad 4. in Aurangabad 5. others ,please specify ......

2. How long are you staying in this place ? ASSOCIATION IN YRS 1/2/3/4/5 1. Less than 1 yr migrated from ...... in ...... for ...... reason 2. 5 yrs 3. 10 yrs 4. 15 yrs 5. +15 yrs

3 How much time do you spend near these heritage monuments?

1. Maximum 3 hours 2. 3-6 hrs 3. 6-9 hrs 4. 9 hours and more

4. Reasons of attachment to Verul

1. My generations have lived here 2. Own farm land / orchards 3. I am proud of Ellora being a world heritage site 4. I feel part of the local community. I spend evening time with my community people 5. My daily religious activities are associated with Ellora caves/Ghrishneshwar /Khuldabad. 6. Daily maintenance of the Ellora world heritage site 7. I am involved in tourism related activities 8. Participation in Developmental activities of Ellora / Verul 9. Economically Dependent 10. Other ......

5. Any historical, religious, social, cultural ( festivals, celebrations etc) ,nature related information you would like to share related to Ellora caves, Ellora village, Ghrushneshwar?

------

6. Please give your comments on the state of the Historical / Heritage buildings / sites ? also tell us why do you feel so?

Heritage buildings/sites Too Bad Ok Good Very Don’t Reason of bad good know saying so Internal Approach roads Of Ellora caves Other connecting roads Information boards Historical Buildings 1. Ellora caves 2. Ghrushneshwar temple and Ahilyabai kund 3. Verul village and old buildings

Nature/ Greenery 1. Garden in front of Kailas temple/cave 2. Ellora forest 3. Trees along the roads 4. Lakes, springs, other water bodies etc Ellora Visitors centre Toilets 239

Restaurants Maintenance cleanliness Parking facility Mobile/ internet facility Lighting arrangements Drinking water facility

7. What according to you are the striking features elements of Ellora which you like?

------8. Do you know Ellora caves is a World Heritage Site?

Yes / No

If yes, what is the reasons for its nomination as a World Heritage Site?

------9. What do you feel are the effects/ impacts on the development of Verul caves/ Verul Village, after its declaration as a World Heritage Site?

------10. Was there any participation of yours in the process of the Declaration of Ellora as a World Heritage Site?

If yes, How?

------If no, What would you like to suggest ?

------11. Is your livelihood / Are you economically dependent on tourism / forest activities ?

If yes, How?

------If no,why not?

------12. What is the earning source when there is no tourism ? or Apart from tourism what are the other sources of income?

------13. What would you like to suggest to increase / boost up the tourism of this World heritage Site?

------14. Is Ellora / Verul and its surroundings safe?

1. Very Unsafe 2. Unsafe 3. Quite safe 4. Good 5. Very secure 6. Can’t say

240

What makes you feel so?

------15. What did you dislike /felt inappropriate about the conservation and development of Ellora / Verul ?

------16. what do you feel was important in Ellora / your village and lost in the process of development of ellora region or What good elements have been Ellora and made it a better place to live ?

------17. What is your experience of the visitors to Ellora ?

------18. Do you feel any changes in the people due to tourism? If yes, what kind of changes have happened?

------19. What are your views regarding the local authorities like ASI, MTDC, Forest Department, Gram Panchayat etc

------20. Festivals celebrated every year by you? Any festivals related to the Heritage of Ellora ?

------21. Desirable/ not desirable Effects due to tourism and development ,it being a World Heritage Site?

Statements Very much desirable ok Not wanted Not at all desirable wanted 1. Increase in economic opportunities

2. Increase in number of visitors

3. Migration of people from outside villages to Verul/ Ellora 4. Strict Rules for construction activities 5. Restriction in developmental activities 6. Increase in land/house prices 7. Improvement in scenery and environment 8. Increase in Air pollution 9. Increase in water pollution 10. Increase in land pollution 11. Vegetation /tree cutting for housing, tourism development, infrastructural development 12. Waste generated by the tourist / visitors / hotels 13. Increase in Anti-social activities ( Alcohol consumption, gambling, prostitution etc) 14. Misconduct/ Misbehaviour of Visitors 15. Increase in Safety and security 16. Change in social life 17. Increase in Economic dependency on tourism 18. Effect on Religious environment 19. Loss of open and community spaces 241

20. Promotion of local arts and crafts activities 21. Increase in watersupply and electricity 22. Provision of Amenities like schools, hospitals ,post- office, clinics etc

23. Any other information you would like to share? What development would you like to suggest in 10-15 years hence

------

24 Personal Information

1. Age - 18-25 26-45 46 – 60 60+

2. Gender – Male / Female

3 No. Of Members in the family – 1/2/3/ 4/ 5/ 6 /......

4. Education – uneducated / 10th / 12th / Graduate (Science / Commerce / Arts) /,Postgraduate /Other......

5. Mother tongue - Marathi / Hindi / English / Other......

6. Religion- Hindu / Muslim / Christain / other ......

8. Employment category – Agriculture /Tourism/Government/ Education/ Business/ Student/ Hotel/ Jobless/ Homemaker / other

9. Which category best describes you?

1. I work in a tourism business 2. Someone in my immediate family works in tourism business 3. My family owns tourism business 4. I have no association with tourism at all

10. Family monthly income

6. Upto 10,000 7. 10001- 20000 8. 20001 – 30,000 9. 30,000- 40,000 10. 400001 and above 242

11. Make a map showing places which are of daily acquaintance to you and also those which are important for ellora ?

12. On this map identify how these places are important to you ?

( Rank each value of the place on 1-4 scale)

243

FINAL SURVEY – INTERVIEW SCHEDULE OF VISITORS

244

245

246

247

248

249

250

251

252

253

254

255

256

257

258

FINAL SURVEY – INTERVIEW SCHEDULE OF LOCAL COMMUNITIES

259

260

261

262

263

264

265

266

267

268

269

270

271

272

273

274

VISUAL / PHOTO PREFERENCES

275

276

277

278

279

APPENDIX II

Coding Sheet for Statistical Analysis

Visitors

No Code Label Values Measure 1 Type Type of respondent 1 Visitor Nominal 2Local communities 2 Stayplace Where do you live 1 Aurangabad and surrounds Nominal 2 Other parts of Maharashtra 3 Outside Maharashtra 4 Outside India 3 Firstvisit Is this your first visit 1 yes2 No Nominal 4 Company Whom have you come with 1 Family Members Nominal 2 Friends 3 Students 4 Alone 5 Other 5 Visithistoricplaces To see the caves and other historical buildings 1 yes2 No Nominal Visitfornature Enjoy nature 1 yes2 No Nominal Visitforrecreation With family for weekend outing and fun, recreation 1 yes2 No Nominal Visitforadventure Adventure 1 yes2 No Nominal Visitforinformation To know more about the historic place 1 yes 2 No Nominal Visitforstudyresearch Study and research purpose 1 yes 2 No Nominal Visitforreligious Religious purpose 1 yes 2 No Nominal Visitforotherreason Any other reason, specify 1 yes 2 No Nominal Timespent How much time have you spent in the caves 1 0-2 hours Ordinal 2 2-4 hours 3 4- 6 hours 4 6 hours and above Sourceofinfo How did you come to know about this place 1 Relatives Ordinal 2 Programmes of ASI, MTDC 3Website and internet 4 Books 5 Others, specify Heritage components 1extremely insignificant Ordinal 2 highly insignificant 3 insignificant 4 neither insignificant nor significant 5 significant 6 highly significant 7 extremely significant Hcforest Forest and surroundings 1 to 7 as above Ordinal Hcwaterfeatures Waterfall, ponds, lakes 1 to 7 as above Ordinal Hckailas Kailas temple 1 to 7 as above Ordinal Hcothercaves Other caves 1 to 7 as above Ordinal Hcghrushneshwar Ghrushneshwar, other temple, dargahs 1 to 7 as above Ordinal

280

Hcverulgaon Verul / ellora village 1 to 7 as above Ordinal Hcpaintingsculp Painting and sculptures of ellora caves 1 to 7 as above Ordinal

Kailasseen Have you seen Kailas temple/ Mandir 1 yes 2 No Nominal Cbuddhistcaves 1-12 Buddhist caves 1 yes 2 No Nominal Chinducaves1 13,14,15 Hindu Caves 1 yes 2 No Nominal Chinducaves2 17-18 Hindu Caves 1 yes 2 No Nominal Cdhumarcave 29 no. Dhumar cave 1 yes 2 No Nominal Cjaincaves 30-34 jain caves 1 yes 2 No Nominal Cnonlistedcaves Other non listed caves 1 yes 2 No Nominal Cnone None 1 yes 2 No Nominal Nonotaware If not seen- not aware of other caves 1 yes 2 No Nominal Nonogoodaccess No good access Road 1 yes 2 No Nominal Nofartowalk Too far off to walk on foot 1 yes 2 No Nominal Nodifficultclimb Difficult to climb and reach 1 yes 2 No Nominal Nonotsafe Not very safe due to surrounding forest 1 yes 2 No Nominal Noafraidofforest Afraid of monkeys , bats or other wild animals from 1 yes 2 No Nominal the forest Nononeed I didnt feel like visiting and knowing about the caves 1 yes 2 No Nominal Notoobusy I am too busy with my job/ earning livelihood 1 yes 2 No Nominal Nonotallowed I am not allowed inside the Ellora caves site 1 yes 2 No Nominal Nootherreason Other reason 1 yes 2 No Nominal Sfnature Striking Features-Nature of Ellora forest- trees, birds, 1 yes 2 No Nominal Animals etc Sfruralcharacter Rural Character of Ellora Village 1 yes 2 No Nominal Sffreshair Fresh and clean air 1 yes 2 No Nominal Sfpeacefulenv Peaceful environments of Ellora caves 1 yes 2 No Nominal Sfartsculptures Art, Paintings and sculptures 1 yes 2 No Nominal Sfkailastemple Kailas temple 1 yes 2 No Nominal Sfothercaves Other caves of Ellora 1 yes 2 No Nominal Sfghrushneshwar Ghrushneshwar temple, Ahilyabai kund 1 yes 2 No Nominal Sfdargahtemples Dargahs of verul and khuldabad 1 yes 2 No Nominal Sfcleanliness Cleanliness and maintainance 1 yes 2 No Nominal Sfrestaurantview View of the caves from the Restaurants inside Ellora 1 yes 2 No Nominal caves Sfevc Ellora Visitors Centre 1 yes 2 No Nominal Sflocalfood Local food 1 yes 2 No Nominal Sflocalhandicraft Local Art and Handicrafts like Himroo , Paithani, 1 yes 2 No Nominal Stones etc Sfother Any other 1 yes 2 No Nominal Activitiesseeing Seeing/observing the sculptures 1 yes 2 No Nominal Activitiestopclimb Going to the top and watching kailas from above 1 yes 2 No Nominal Activitiesexploring Exploring other lesser known caves /other spots 1 yes 2 No Nominal Activitieseating Eating 1 yes 2 No Nominal Activitiesfeedingmonkey Feeding the monkeys banana,nuts etc 1 yes 2 No Nominal Activitiespausing Pausing and resting for some time 1 yes 2 No Nominal Activitiesrelaxing Relaxing 1 yes 2 No Nominal Activitiesplaying Playing 1 yes 2 No Nominal Activitiesother Other activities 1 yes 2 No Nominal Feelingpeaceful Peaceful feeling 1 yes 2 No Nominal 281

Feelingcheerful Cheerful feeling 1 yes 2 No Nominal Feelingdisturbed Disturbed feeling 1 yes 2 No Nominal Feelingcompassionate Compassionate feeling 1 yes 2 No Nominal Feelingdisgust Disgust feeling 1 yes 2 No Nominal Feelinghorrified Horrified feeling 1 yes 2 No Nominal Feelingsurprised Surprised feeling 1 yes 2 No Nominal Feelingproud Proud feeling 1 yes 2 No Nominal Feelingromantic Romantic feeling 1 yes 2 No Nominal Feelingno No feeling 1 yes 2 No Nominal Placesofvisit Did you visit places other than Ellora caves in this trip Development activities 1 not at all important Ordinal 2 less important 3 somewhat important 4 imporant 5 very important DAconservation Conservation and restoration of Ellora caves 1 to 5 as above Ordinal DApaintingrestoration Conservation and Restoration of Paintings and 1 to 5 as above Ordinal Sculptures in Ellora caves DAculturalfest Space and Facilities for Art and Cultural festival like 1 to 5 as above Ordinal Ellora festival , in Ellora DAreligiousfest Space and Facilities for Religious festivals like 1 to 5 as above Ordinal Mahashivratri, Urus etc DAshops Space for Shops selling flowers, fruits related to puja 1 to 5 as above Ordinal and other Religious activities DAhotels More Hotels in Ellora 1 to 5 as above Ordinal DAhandicraftshops Space for Shops of local handicrafts 1 to 5 as above Ordinal DAhomestays Home stays for tourists in homes of local people/ 1 to 5 as above Ordinal residents DAguidedtours Guided tours inside Ellora , Ellora village and other 1 to 5 as above Ordinal important buildings DAseating Seating facility along the movement path 1 to 5 as above Ordinal DAaccessibility Accessibility features for disabled such as ramps, 1 to 5 as above Ordinal hand railing, Braille script etc DAlighting Lighting for seeing the caves 1 to 5 as above Ordinal DAtoiletwater Toilets and drinking water facility 1 to 5 as above Ordinal DAroadquality Improvement in roads quality 1 to 5 as above Ordinal DAparkingfaci Increase in parking facility 1 to 5 as above Ordinal DAplantation Planting more trees 1 to 5 as above Ordinal DAgarbagedisposal Garbage disposal facility and Waste management 1 to 5 as above Ordinal DAairport Airport Near Ellora caves for easy access 1 to 5 as above Ordinal DAhighwaywide State Highway Road to be widened and shifted away 1 to 5 as above Ordinal from the Ellora caves Pslandscape Photosurvey- Landscape Setting in front of Kailas 1 Existing lawn Ordinal 2 Proposed forest cave Pscanteen Photosurvey- Canteen Architecture style and 1 Modern material Ordinal 2 Old style like caves Buidling material Pslighting Photosurvey-Lighting inside the caves 1 Existing natural lighting Ordinal 2 Proposed LED lighting 3 Proposed blue/colored 4 Proposed focused lighting Psseating Photosurvey-Street furniture- benches, lamps, 1 Existing none Ordinal 2 Proposed wood dustbins 3 Proposed steel 4 Proposed stone material

282

Expectationmet Did this visit meet your expectations / for the reason 1 not at all Ordinal 2 quite ok you visited 3 ok 4 good 5 very much 6 cant say Experiencehistory Did the visit to Ellora help you experience the past 1 yes 2 No Nominal and understand the history Willingtopay Are you Willing to Pay more for the ticket for 1 yes 2 No Nominal improvement in Ellora Villageinfo Did you get any information about Verul village 1 yes 2 No Nominal people Noticechanges Did you notice any changes 1 yes 2 No Nominal Piage Age 1 18-25 years Ordinal 2 25-45 years 3 45-60 years 4 60 years and above Pigender Gender 1 male Nominal 2 female Pieducation Education 1 no formal education Nominal 2 can read and write 3 upto 5th standard 4 upto 10th standard 5 graduate 6 postgraduate Pimothertongue Mothertongue 1 Marathi Nominal 2 Hindi 3 Urdu 4 English 5 other Pireligion Religion 1 Hindu Nominal 2 Muslim 3 Neo-buddhist 4 Buddhist 5 Jain 6 Christain 7 Other Pioccupation Occupation 1 Agriculture Nominal 2 tourism 3 government 4 education 5 business 6 student 7 hotel 8 jobless 9 homemaker 10 other Piincome Monthly Income 1 1- 10,000 Nominal 2 10,000-20,000 3 20,000-40,000 4 40,000 and above State of tourism infrastructure 1 Bad Ordinal 2 below average 3 average 4 above average 5 excellent 6 cannot say Smovementpath Movement Path connecting the ellora caves 1 to 6 as above Ordinal Shighway Road leading from highway to Ellora caves 1 to 6 as above Ordinal Ssignage Signage and information boards 1 to 6 as above Ordinal Sinformationcentre Information at Ellora visitors centre 1 to 6 as above Ordinal Spublicconveniences Adequacy of Public conveniences like toilets, 1 to 6 as above Ordinal drinking water Srestaurants Restaurants facilty/service 1 to 6 as above Ordinal Sparking Parking facility at the Ellora caves site 1 to 6 as above Ordinal Slightingarrangements Lighting arrangements in and around Ellora caves 1 to 6 as above Ordinal Scleanliness Cleanliness at the Ellora caves and its surrounds 1 to 6 as above Ordinal Smaintainence Maintenance of the caves and surrounds 1 to 6 as above Ordinal

283

Slandscapedev Landscape development 1 to 6 as above Ordinal Soverallquality Overall quality of Site and its infrastructure 1 to 6 as above Ordinal Ssafety Safety at Ellora and its surrounds 1 to 6 as above Ordinal

Local Communties

No Code Label Values Measure 1 Type Type of respondent 1 Visitor Nominal 2 Local communities 2 Stayplace Where do you live 1 Verul Nominal 2 Khuldabad 3 Daulatabad 4 Auranagbad 5 Others 3 Staylength How long have you been staying in this place 1 less than 1 year Ordinal 2 1- 5 years 3 5 – 10 years 4 10-15 years 5 15 years and above 4 Migration If migrated 1 yes 2 No Nominal 5 timespent how much time do you spend everyday at ellora 0 not applicable Oridnal caves and surrounds 1 less than 1 hour 2 1-3 hours 3 3-6 hours 4 6- 9 hours 5 9 hours and above Assogeneration Association-several generations my family staying 1 yes 2 No Nominal here Assofarmlands I own farm land/orchards in or around Verul 1 yes 2 No Nominal Assoworship I come here to worship 1 yes 2 No Nominal Assomaintainence I am involved in daily maintainence of ellora caves 1 yes 2 No Nominal site Assotourism I am involved in tourism related activities 1 yes 2 No Nominal Assocommunity I spend evening time with my community people here 1 yes 2 No Nominal Assogovtjob I am part of Goverment authorities like ASI,MTDC, 1 yes 2 No Nominal Forest dept Assoforestresource I am dependent on forest resources 1 yes 2 No Nominal assoothers Other 1 yes 2 No Nominal Heritage components 1extremely insignificant Ordinal 2 highly insignificant 3 insignificant 4 neither insignificant nor significant 5 significant 6 highly significant 7 extremely significant Hcforest Forest and surroundings 1 to 7 as above Ordinal Hcwaterfeatures Waterfall, ponds, lakes 1 to 7 as above Ordinal Hckailas Kailas temple 1 to 7 as above Ordinal Hcothercaves Other caves 1 to 7 as above Ordinal

284

Hcghrushneshwar Ghrushneshwar, other temple, dargahs 1 to 7 as above Ordinal

Hcverulgaon Verul / ellora village 1 to 7 as above Ordinal Hcpaintingsculp Painting and sculptures of ellora caves 1 to 7 as above Ordinal

Kailasseen Have you seen Kailas temple/ Mandir 1 yes 2 No Nominal Cbuddhistcaves 1-12 Buddhist caves 1 yes 2 No Nominal Chinducaves1 13,14,15 Hindu Caves 1 yes 2 No Nominal Chinducaves2 17-18 Hindu Caves 1 yes 2 No Nominal Cdhumarcave 29 no. Dhumar cave 1 yes 2 No Nominal Cjaincaves 30-34 jain caves 1 yes 2 No Nominal Cnonlistedcaves Other non listed caves 1 yes 2 No Nominal Cnone None 1 yes 2 No Nominal Nonotaware If not seen- not aware of other caves 1 yes 2 No Nominal Nonogoodaccess No good access Road 1 yes 2 No Nominal Nofartowalk Too far off to walk on foot 1 yes 2 No Nominal Nodifficultclimb Difficult to climb and reach 1 yes 2 No Nominal Nonotsafe Not very safe due to surrounding forest 1 yes 2 No Nominal Noafraidofforest Afraid of monkeys , bats or other wild animals from 1 yes 2 No Nominal the forest Nononeed I didnt feel like visiting and knowing about the caves 1 yes 2 No Nominal Notoobusy I am too busy with my job/ earning livelihood 1 yes 2 No Nominal Nonotallowed I am not allowed inside the Ellora caves site 1 yes 2 No Nominal Nootherreason Other reason 1 yes 2 No Nominal State of tourism infrastructure 1 Bad Ordinal 2 below average 3 average 4 above average 5 excellent 6 cannot say Smovementpath Movement Path connecting the ellora caves 1 to 6 as above Ordinal Shighway Road leading from highway to Ellora caves 1 to 6 as above Ordinal Ssignage Signage and information boards 1 to 6 as above Ordinal Sinformationcentre Information at Ellora visitors centre 1 to 6 as above Ordinal Spublicconveniences Adequacy of Public conveniences like toilets, 1 to 6 as above Ordinal drinking water Srestaurants Restaurants facilty/service 1 to 6 as above Ordinal Sparking Parking facility at the Ellora caves site 1 to 6 as above Ordinal Slightingarrangements Lighting arrangements in and around Ellora caves 1 to 6 as above Ordinal Scleanliness Cleanliness at the Ellora caves and its surrounds 1 to 6 as above Ordinal Smaintainence Maintenance of the caves and surrounds 1 to 6 as above Ordinal Slandscapedev Landscape development 1 to 6 as above Ordinal Soverallquality Overall quality of Site and its infrastructure 1 to 6 as above Ordinal Ssafety Safety at Ellora and its surrounds 1 to 6 as above Ordinal Livelihooddependency Is your livelihood dependent on tourism related 1 yes 2 No Nominal activity in Ellora Lshop Yes, I own a shop which sells goods for visitors 1 yes 2 No Nominal and/or local communities Lemployee Yes,I am permanently employed by ASI, MTDC, 1 yes 2 No Nominal Forest Dept,etc Lserviceprovider Yes,I am working as service provider for tourist 1 yes 2 No Nominal companities , parking, ticketing, eateries, bus services,hawkers

285

Lother Other reason 1 yes 2 No Nominal Lnofarming I do farming 1 yes 2 No Nominal Lnojobs Other jobs 1 yes 2 No Nominal Lnooutsidework I go outside Ellora and work 1 yes 2 No Nominal Lnoother Other work 1 yes 2 No Nominal Sfnature Striking Features-Nature of Ellora forest- trees, birds, 1 yes 2 No Nominal Animals etc Sfruralcharacter Rural Character of Ellora Village 1 yes 2 No Nominal Sffreshair Fresh and clean air 1 yes 2 No Nominal Sfpeacefulenv Peaceful environments of Ellora caves 1 yes 2 No Nominal Sfartsculptures Art, Paintings and sculptures 1 yes 2 No Nominal Sfkailastemple Kailas temple 1 yes 2 No Nominal Sfothercaves Other caves of Ellora 1 yes 2 No Nominal Sfghrushneshwar Ghrushneshwar temple, Ahilyabai kund 1 yes 2 No Nominal Sfdargahtemples Dargahs of verul and khuldabad 1 yes 2 No Nominal Sfcleanliness Cleanliness and maintainance 1 yes 2 No Nominal Sfrestaurantview View of the caves from the Restaurants inside Ellora 1 yes 2 No Nominal caves Sfevc Ellora Visitors Centre 1 yes 2 No Nominal Sflocalfood Local food 1 yes 2 No Nominal Sflocalhandicraft Local Art and Handicrafts like Himroo , Paithani, 1 yes 2 No Nominal Stones etc Sfother Any other 1 yes 2 No Nominal Localpplchanges Do you feel any changes in the life of local people 1 yes 2 No Nominal due to tourism and development and World Heritage Site status LCownhouse Changes-Now they own their own house / renovated 1 yes 2 No Nominal /rebuilt their existing house LCassets Now they have other assets like land, car, high tech tv 1 yes 2 No Nominal etc LCliteracylvl Improvement in literacy level 1 yes 2 No Nominal LCwellmannered Local people are more well-mannered and well- 1 yes 2 No Nominal behaved now LCthefts More thefts happening 1 yes 2 No Nominal LCalcoholconsump More alcohol consumption and anti-social activities 1 yes 2 No Nominal like gambling, drugs etc LCother Any other 1 yes 2 No Nominal Other impacts of development and World Heritage 1 Strongly disagree Ordinal 2 Disagree Status 3 Neither agree nor disagree 4 agree 5 Strongly agree TDmigration Migration of people from outside villages to Verul/ 1 to 5 as above Ordinal Ellora . TDcomspace Loss of community spaces / Public spaces 1 to 5 as above Ordinal TDlandloss Loss of Land / Property due to development/tourist 1 to 5 as above Ordinal infrastructure TDforestaccess Control of access to Forest resources 1 to 5 as above Ordinal TDlocalart Promotion of local arts and crafts activities 1 to 5 as above Ordinal TDamenities Provision of Amenities like schools, hospitals ,post- 1 to 5 as above Ordinal office, clinics , ATMs etc TDlandloss Increase in land/house prices 1 to 5 as above Ordinal TDbuildingrules Strict Rules for building activities 1 to 5 as above Ordinal 286

TDpopularity Increase in number of tourists and popularity of 1 to 5 as above Ordinal Ellora TDjobseconomy Increase in economic opportunities /jobs 1 to 5 as above Ordinal TDlanddevcontrol Restriction in developmental activities related to land 1 to 5 as above Ordinal like digging wells/ bore wells, planting trees, constructing compound wall etc TDencroachments Increase in Encroachments 1 to 5 as above Ordinal TDtreecutting Tree cutting for development, infrastructural 1 to 5 as above Ordinal development TDairpollution Increase in Air pollution like more smoke, dust ,fowl 1 to 5 as above Ordinal smells and gases etc TDwaterpollution Increase in water pollution like dirt, chemicals etc 1 to 5 as above Ordinal TDlandpollution Increase in land pollution like waste ,plastic bottles, 1 to 5 as above Ordinal paper and other garbage dumps, soil erosion etc TDwastegen Increase in Waste generated by the tourist / visitors / 1 to 5 as above Ordinal hotels TDbetterbefore Ellora was better before - more peaceful and less 1 to 5 as above Ordinal busy place TDwaterincrease Increase in water supply 1 to 5 as above Ordinal TDelectricityincrease Increase in electricity supply 1 to 5 as above Ordinal TDbeautification Now there is beautification and good greenery in and 1 to 5 as above Ordinal around Ellora caves Development activities 1 not at all important Ordinal 2 less important 3 somewhat important 4 imporant 5 very important DAconservation Conservation and restoration of Ellora caves 1 to 5 as above Ordinal DApaintingrestoration Conservation and Restoration of Paintings and 1 to 5 as above Ordinal Sculptures in Ellora caves DAculturalfest Space and Facilities for Art and Cultural festival like 1 to 5 as above Ordinal Ellora festival , in Ellora DAreligiousfest Space and Facilities for Religious festivals like 1 to 5 as above Ordinal Mahashivratri, Urus etc DAshops Space for Shops selling flowers, fruits related to puja 1 to 5 as above Ordinal and other Religious activities DAhotels More Hotels in Ellora 1 to 5 as above Ordinal DAhandicraftshops Space for Shops of local handicrafts 1 to 5 as above Ordinal DAhomestays Home stays for tourists in homes of local people/ 1 to 5 as above Ordinal residents DAguidedtours Guided tours inside Ellora , Ellora village and other 1 to 5 as above Ordinal important buildings DAseating Seating facility along the movement path 1 to 5 as above Ordinal DAaccessibility Accessibility features for disabled such as ramps, 1 to 5 as above Ordinal hand railing, Braille script etc DAlighting Lighting for seeing the caves 1 to 5 as above Ordinal DAtoiletwater Toilets and drinking water facility 1 to 5 as above Ordinal DAroadquality Improvement in roads quality 1 to 5 as above Ordinal DAparkingfaci Increase in parking facility 1 to 5 as above Ordinal DAplantation Planting more trees 1 to 5 as above Ordinal DAgarbagedisposal Garbage disposal facility and Waste management 1 to 5 as above Ordinal DAairport Airport Near Ellora caves for easy access 1 to 5 as above Ordinal DAhighwaywide State Highway Road to be widened and shifted away 1 to 5 as above Ordinal

287

from the Ellora caves Pslandscape Photosurvey- Landscape Setting in front of Kailas 1 Existing lawn Ordinal 2 Proposed forest cave Pscanteen Photosurvey- Canteen Architecture style and 1 Modern material Ordinal 2 Old style like caves Buidling material Pslighting Photosurvey-Lighting inside the caves 1 Existing natural lighting Ordinal 2 Proposed LED lighting 3 Proposed blue/colored 4 Proposed focused lighting Psseating Photosurvey-Street furniture- benches, lamps, 1 Existing none Ordinal 2 Proposed wood dustbins 3 Proposed steel 4 Proposed stone material Piage Age 1 18-25 years Ordinal 2 25-45 years 3 45-60 years 4 60 years and above Pigender Gender 1 male Nominal 2 female No of Members in Family 1/2/3/4/5 Nominal No of Dependents in family 1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9/10/11 Nominal Pieducation Education 1 no formal education Nominal 2 can read and write 3 upto 5th standard 4 upto 10th standard 5 graduate 6 postgraduate Pimothertongue Mothertongue 1 Marathi Nominal 2 Hindi 3 Urdu 4 English 5 other Pireligion Religion 1 Hindu Nominal 2 Muslim 3 Neo-buddhist 4 Buddhist 5 Jain 6 Christain 7 Other Pioccupation Occupation 1 Agriculture Nominal 2 tourism 3 government 4 education 5 business 6 student 7 hotel 8 jobless 9 homemaker 10 other Piincome Monthly Income 1 1- 10,000 Nominal 2 10,000-20,000 3 20,000-40,000 4 40,000 and above

288

APPENDIX III

Variables and Statistical testsVisitors

Sr.No Variable Statistical tests 1 Place of stay Frequencies and percentile values 2 Frequency of visit Frequencies and percentile values 3 Company Frequencies and percentile values 4 Reason of visit Multiple response analysis 5 Time spent Frequencies and percentile values 6 Source of information Frequencies and percentile values 7 Heritage component Friedman chi-square test 8a Caves seen Frequencies and percentile values b Other caves seen Multiple response analysis c Reasons for not seeing the caves Multiple response analysis 9 Striking features Multiple response analysis 10 Like and dislike Descriptive 22 State of infrastructure Factor analysis 11 Activities Multiple response analysis 12 Feelings Multiple response analysis 13 Other places of visit Descriptive 14a Development preferences Friedman chi-square test 14b Photosurveys Frequencies and percentile values 15 Memorable experience Descriptive 16a Expectations met Frequencies and percentile values b Reasons of expectations met Descriptive c Experience and understanding of past history Frequencies and percentile values 17 Willingness to pay Frequencies and percentile values 18 Information about village Frequencies and percentile values 19 Changes observed Frequencies and percentile values 20 Suggestions for improvement Descriptive 21 Sample profile 1 Age Frequencies and percentile values 2 Gender Frequencies and percentile values 3 Education Frequencies and percentile values 4 Mother tongue Frequencies and percentile values 5 Religion Frequencies and percentile values 6 Occupation Frequencies and percentile values 7 Family income Frequencies and percentile values 22 State of infrastructure Factor analysis

289

Local communities

Sr.No Variable Statistical tests 1 Place of stay Frequencies and percentile values 2 Length of Stay Frequencies and percentile values 3 Migration Frequencies and percentile values 4 Time spent in and around Ellora caves 5 Association with Ellora Multiple response analysis 6 Heritage component Friedman chi-square test 7a Caves seen Frequencies and percentile values b Other caves seen Multiple response analysis c Reasons for not seeing the caves Multiple response analysis 8 State of tourism infrastructure and development Factor analysis 9 Livelihood dependency Frequencies and percentile values Tourism related activities Multiple response analysis Other livehood opportunities Multiple response analysis 10 Striking features Multiple response analysis 11 Changes in life of local people Multiple Response Analysis 12 Impact of tourism and development Factor analysis 13a Development preferences Friedman chi-square test 13b Photosurveys Frequencies and percentile values 14 - 1 Sample Profile - Age Frequencies and percentile values 2 Gender Frequencies and percentile values 3 No. Of Members in the family Frequencies and percentile values 4 No of Dependents in the family Frequencies and percentile values 5 Education Frequencies and percentile values 6 Mother tongue Frequencies and percentile values 7 Religion Frequencies and percentile values 8 Occupation Frequencies and percentile values 9 Family income Frequencies and percentile values

Comparative Analysis between Visitors and Local Communities

Comparison Visitors and local communities 1a Heritage components Mann-Whitney Test b Striking features Multiple Response Analysis 2 State of Infrastructure Mann-Whitney Test 3 Development Preferences Mann-Whitney Test 4 Photo survey Pearson Chi square test for contingency, 1. Landscape Setting Cross tab 2. Architectural Vocabulary 3. Lighting 4. Material for street furniture 290

APPENDIX IV RESEARCH PAPER IN REFERRED JOURNAL

291

292

293

294

295

296

297