Questions to think about as we learn how WWI started:

• How can new technology affect warfare? • Why did the war become a stalemate on the Western Front? • What led to the fall of the czarist regime in ? • What effect did peace settlements have on Europe after ?

The BIG Idea Competition Among Countries Militarism, nationalism, and a crisis in the Balkans led to World War I.

Should a country support one of its allies under all circumstances? Causes of the War Nationalism, militarism, and a system of alliances contributed to the start of World War I.

Section 1 Alliances= Strength with friends Causes of the War (cont.) • Two alliances were created dividing Europe along national lines.

– Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, and – Triple Entente: France, Great Britain, and Russia

Section 1 Causes of the War (cont.) • Rivalries over colonies and trouble in the Balkans left European nations resentful of each other and eager for revenge. • Nations began to adopt a policy of militarism, or a readiness for war. They established conscription to ensure an adequate supply of troops.

Section 1 Causes of the War (cont.) • Nationalism resulted in ethnic groups who had not become nations dreaming about their own national states. • Growing socialist labor movements encouraged leaders to enter the war in order to suppress internal disorder at home.

Section 1 The Outbreak of War

Serbia’s determination to become a large, independent state angered Austria-Hungary and started hostilities.

Serbia was determined to create a vast independent Slavic state, a vision supported by Russia and greatly opposed by Austria- Hungary.

Section 1 The Spark that started the war… On June 28, 1914, Archduke Francis Ferdinand, the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, visited Sarajevo, Bosnia.

Section 1 The Outbreak of War (cont.) • Gavrilo Princip, a Bosnian Serb, assassinated the archduke and his wife. Austria-Hungary was outraged and ready to wage war on the Serbian government.

• Gavrilo Princip, • Was a member of he black hand. • Fire two shots hitting Francis in the neck and his wife in the stomach. • He was too young for the death penalty at 19 years and was sentence to 20 years in jail. • Died of TB after 3 1/2years. Section 1 The Outbreak of War (cont.)

• The Austrian government feared Russia would support Serbia so they asked Germany for their support. • Emperor William II of Germany promised Austria-Hungary full support if war broke out with Russia.

Section 1 The Outbreak of War (cont.) • On July 28, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. • In response to Austria-Hungary’s declaration of war, Russia’s Czar Nicholas II ordered mobilization of the Russian army in order to support Serbia. • Germany reacted quickly and declared war on Russia.

Section 1

The Outbreak of War (cont.) • General Alfred von Schlieffen of Germany designed a plan for a two-front war against Russia and France. – Germany would conduct a small holding action against Russia. – There would be a rapid invasion of France.

Section 1 The Outbreak of War (cont.) • Great Britain declared war on Germany after von Schlieffen violated Belgian neutrality by demanding that German troops be allowed to pass through . • By August 4, all the Great Powers of Europe were at war.

Section 1 Which countries did Great Britain align with at the beginning of the war? A. Austria-Hungary and Germany B. Germany and Russia C. Russia and France D. Serbia and Austria-Hungary

Section 1 RECAP THE BIG IDEAS. • Nationalism contributed to the start of World War I, as rivals vied for colonies and trade. • European nations increased the size of their militaries, heightening existing tensions. • Serbia’s desire for an independent state angered Austria-Hungary.

VS 1

The End

Next the War